diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index c9b6393..b517674 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@
 # VS Code project
 **/.vscode
 **/*.code-workspace
+
+# Vim temporary files
+**/*.swp
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/OWNERS b/Cronet/tests/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index a35a789..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# Bug component: 31808
-
-set noparent
-file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
-
-# TODO: Temp ownership to develop cronet CTS
-colibie@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
-prohr@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp b/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index e17081a..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-// Tests in this folder are included both in unit tests and CTS.
-// They must be fast and stable, and exercise public or test APIs.
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
-}
-
-// TODO: Consider merging with ConnectivityCoverageTests which is a collection of all
-// Connectivity tests being used for coverage. This will depend on how far we decide to
-// go with merging NetHttp and Tethering targets.
-android_test {
-    name: "NetHttpCoverageTests",
-    enforce_default_target_sdk_version: true,
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
-    static_libs: [
-        "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
-        "CtsNetHttpTestsLib",
-        "NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar",
-    ],
-    jarjar_rules: ":net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
-    compile_multilib: "both", // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
-    jni_libs: [
-       "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet_tests__testing"
-    ],
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidManifest.xml b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidManifest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index b00fc90..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-          xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
-          package="com.android.net.http.tests.coverage">
-
-    <!-- NetHttpCoverageTests combines CtsNetHttpTestCases and NetHttpTests targets,
-     so permissions and others are declared in their respective manifests -->
-    <application tools:replace="android:label"
-                 android:label="NetHttp coverage tests">
-        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
-    </application>
-    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
-                     android:targetPackage="com.android.net.http.tests.coverage"
-                     android:label="NetHttp coverage tests">
-    </instrumentation>
-</manifest>
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ac418f..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<configuration description="Runs coverage tests for NetHttp">
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
-        <option name="test-file-name" value="NetHttpCoverageTests.apk" />
-        <option name="install-arg" value="-t" />
-    </target_preparer>
-    <option name="test-tag" value="NetHttpCoverageTests" />
-    <!-- Tethering/Connectivity is a SDK 30+ module -->
-    <!-- TODO Switch back to Sdk30 when b/270049141 is fixed -->
-    <object type="module_controller"
-            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk31ModuleController" />
-    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param"
-            value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
-    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
-        <option name="package" value="com.android.net.http.tests.coverage" />
-        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
-        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
-        <option
-            name="device-listeners"
-            value="com.android.modules.utils.testing.NativeCoverageHackInstrumentationListener" />
-    </test>
-</configuration>
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/Android.bp b/Cronet/tests/cts/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index a0b2434..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-package {
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
-}
-
-android_library {
-    name: "CtsNetHttpTestsLib",
-    defaults: [
-        "cts_defaults",
-    ],
-    sdk_version: "test_current",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-    srcs: [
-        "src/**/*.java",
-        "src/**/*.kt",
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "androidx.test.ext.junit",
-        "ctstestrunner-axt",
-        "ctstestserver",
-        "hamcrest-library",
-        "junit",
-        "kotlin-test",
-        "mockito-target",
-        "net-tests-utils",
-        "truth",
-    ],
-    libs: [
-        "android.test.base",
-        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
-        "framework-connectivity",
-        "org.apache.http.legacy",
-    ],
-    lint: { test: true }
-}
-
-android_test {
-    name: "CtsNetHttpTestCases",
-    defaults: [
-        "cts_defaults",
-    ],
-    enforce_default_target_sdk_version: true,
-    sdk_version: "test_current",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-    static_libs: ["CtsNetHttpTestsLib"],
-    // Tag this as a cts test artifact
-    test_suites: [
-        "cts",
-        "general-tests",
-        "mts-tethering"
-    ],
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/AndroidManifest.xml b/Cronet/tests/cts/AndroidManifest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 26900b2..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
--->
-
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-          package="android.net.http.cts">
-
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
-
-    <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">
-        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
-    </application>
-
-    <instrumentation
-        android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
-        android:targetPackage="android.net.http.cts"
-        android:label="CTS tests of android.net.http">
-    </instrumentation>
-</manifest>
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/AndroidTest.xml b/Cronet/tests/cts/AndroidTest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index e0421fd..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/AndroidTest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<configuration description="Config for CTS Cronet test cases">
-    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
-    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
-    <!-- Instant apps cannot create sockets. See b/264248246 -->
-    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_instant_app" />
-    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="multi_abi" />
-    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
-        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
-        <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsNetHttpTestCases.apk" />
-    </target_preparer>
-    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
-        <option name="package" value="android.net.http.cts" />
-        <option name="runtime-hint" value="10s" />
-    </test>
-
-    <!-- Only run CtsNetHttpTestCases in MTS if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
-    <object type="module_controller"
-            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
-        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
-    </object>
-</configuration>
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/assets/html/hello_world.html b/Cronet/tests/cts/assets/html/hello_world.html
deleted file mode 100644
index ea62ce2..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/assets/html/hello_world.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>hello world</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-<h3>hello world</h3><br>
-</body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml b/Cronet/tests/cts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d7530b..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-
-<network-security-config>
-    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
-    </domain-config>
-</network-security-config>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/BidirectionalStreamTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/BidirectionalStreamTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 464862d..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/BidirectionalStreamTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.content.Context
-import android.net.http.BidirectionalStream
-import android.net.http.HttpEngine
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestBidirectionalStreamCallback
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestBidirectionalStreamCallback.ResponseStep
-import android.net.http.cts.util.assumeOKStatusCode
-import android.net.http.cts.util.skipIfNoInternetConnection
-import android.os.Build
-import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit
-import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
-import kotlin.test.Test
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert
-import org.hamcrest.Matchers
-import org.junit.After
-import org.junit.AssumptionViolatedException
-import org.junit.Before
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-private const val URL = "https://source.android.com"
-
-/**
- * This tests uses a non-hermetic server. Instead of asserting, assume the next callback. This way,
- * if the request were to fail, the test would just be skipped instead of failing.
- */
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class BidirectionalStreamTest {
-    private val context: Context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
-    private val callback = TestBidirectionalStreamCallback()
-    private val httpEngine = HttpEngine.Builder(context).build()
-    private var stream: BidirectionalStream? = null
-
-    @Before
-    fun setUp() {
-        skipIfNoInternetConnection(context)
-    }
-
-    @After
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun tearDown() {
-        httpEngine.shutdown()
-    }
-
-    private fun createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(url: String): BidirectionalStream.Builder {
-        return httpEngine.newBidirectionalStreamBuilder(url, callback.executor, callback)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "b/293141085 Confirm non-flaky and move to presubmit after SLO")
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_GetStream_CompletesSuccessfully() {
-        stream = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL).setHttpMethod("GET").build()
-        stream!!.start()
-        // We call to a real server and hence the server may not be reachable, cancel this stream
-        // and rethrow the exception before tearDown,
-        // otherwise shutdown would fail with active request error.
-        try {
-            callback.assumeCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED)
-        } catch (e: AssumptionViolatedException) {
-            stream!!.cancel()
-            callback.blockForDone()
-            throw e
-        }
-
-        val info = callback.mResponseInfo
-        assumeOKStatusCode(info)
-        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
-            "Received byte count must be > 0", info.receivedByteCount, Matchers.greaterThan(0L))
-        assertEquals("h2", info.negotiatedProtocol)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_getHttpMethod() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-        val method = "GET"
-
-        builder.setHttpMethod(method)
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.getHttpMethod()).isEqualTo(method)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_hasTrafficStatsTag() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsTag(10)
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.hasTrafficStatsTag()).isTrue()
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_getTrafficStatsTag() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-        val trafficStatsTag = 10
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsTag(trafficStatsTag)
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.getTrafficStatsTag()).isEqualTo(trafficStatsTag)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_hasTrafficStatsUid() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsUid(10)
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.hasTrafficStatsUid()).isTrue()
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_getTrafficStatsUid() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-        val trafficStatsUid = 10
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsUid(trafficStatsUid)
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.getTrafficStatsUid()).isEqualTo(trafficStatsUid)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_getHeaders_asList() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-        val expectedHeaders = mapOf(
-          "Authorization" to "Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==",
-          "Max-Forwards" to "10",
-          "X-Client-Data" to "random custom header content").entries.toList()
-
-        for (header in expectedHeaders) {
-            builder.addHeader(header.key, header.value)
-        }
-
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.getHeaders().getAsList()).containsAtLeastElementsIn(expectedHeaders)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_getHeaders_asMap() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-        val expectedHeaders = mapOf(
-          "Authorization" to listOf("Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="),
-          "Max-Forwards" to listOf("10"),
-          "X-Client-Data" to listOf("random custom header content"))
-
-        for (header in expectedHeaders) {
-            builder.addHeader(header.key, header.value.get(0))
-        }
-
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.getHeaders().getAsMap()).containsAtLeastEntriesIn(expectedHeaders)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_getPriority() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-        val priority = BidirectionalStream.STREAM_PRIORITY_LOW
-
-        builder.setPriority(priority)
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.getPriority()).isEqualTo(priority)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Throws(Exception::class)
-    fun testBidirectionalStream_isDelayRequestHeadersUntilFirstFlushEnabled() {
-        val builder = createBidirectionalStreamBuilder(URL)
-
-        builder.setDelayRequestHeadersUntilFirstFlushEnabled(true)
-        stream = builder.build()
-        assertThat(stream!!.isDelayRequestHeadersUntilFirstFlushEnabled()).isTrue()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/CallbackExceptionTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/CallbackExceptionTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1405ed9..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/CallbackExceptionTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.content.Context
-import android.net.http.CallbackException
-import android.net.http.HttpEngine
-import android.net.http.cts.util.HttpCtsTestServer
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback.FailureType
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback.ResponseStep
-import android.os.Build
-import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import kotlin.test.Test
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertIs
-import kotlin.test.assertSame
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class CallbackExceptionTest {
-
-    @Test
-    fun testCallbackException_returnsInputParameters() {
-        val message = "failed"
-        val cause = Throwable("exception")
-        val callbackException = object : CallbackException(message, cause) {}
-
-        assertEquals(message, callbackException.message)
-        assertSame(cause, callbackException.cause)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testCallbackException_thrownFromUrlRequest() {
-        val context: Context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
-        val server = HttpCtsTestServer(context)
-        val httpEngine = HttpEngine.Builder(context).build()
-        val callback = TestUrlRequestCallback()
-        callback.setFailure(FailureType.THROW_SYNC, ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED)
-        val request = httpEngine
-            .newUrlRequestBuilder(server.successUrl, callback.executor, callback)
-            .build()
-
-        request.start()
-        callback.blockForDone()
-
-        assertTrue(request.isDone)
-        assertIs<CallbackException>(callback.mError)
-        server.shutdown()
-        httpEngine.shutdown()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/ConnectionMigrationOptionsTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/ConnectionMigrationOptionsTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 10c7f3c..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/ConnectionMigrationOptionsTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions
-import android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions.MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED
-import android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions.MIGRATION_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED
-import android.os.Build
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import kotlin.test.Test
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class ConnectionMigrationOptionsTest {
-
-    @Test
-    fun testConnectionMigrationOptions_defaultValues() {
-        val options =
-                ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder().build()
-
-        assertEquals(MIGRATION_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.allowNonDefaultNetworkUsage)
-        assertEquals(MIGRATION_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.defaultNetworkMigration)
-        assertEquals(MIGRATION_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.pathDegradationMigration)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testConnectionMigrationOptions_enableDefaultNetworkMigration_returnSetValue() {
-        val options =
-            ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder()
-                    .setDefaultNetworkMigration(MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                    .build()
-
-        assertEquals(MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED, options.defaultNetworkMigration)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testConnectionMigrationOptions_enablePathDegradationMigration_returnSetValue() {
-        val options =
-            ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder()
-                    .setPathDegradationMigration(MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                    .build()
-
-        assertEquals(MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED, options.pathDegradationMigration)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testConnectionMigrationOptions_allowNonDefaultNetworkUsage_returnSetValue() {
-        val options =
-                ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder()
-                        .setAllowNonDefaultNetworkUsage(MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED).build()
-
-        assertEquals(MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED, options.allowNonDefaultNetworkUsage)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/DnsOptionsTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/DnsOptionsTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 56802c6..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/DnsOptionsTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.net.http.DnsOptions
-import android.net.http.DnsOptions.DNS_OPTION_ENABLED
-import android.net.http.DnsOptions.DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED
-import android.os.Build
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import java.time.Duration
-import kotlin.test.Test
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
-import kotlin.test.assertNull
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class DnsOptionsTest {
-
-    @Test
-    fun testDnsOptions_defaultValues() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.Builder().build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.persistHostCache)
-        assertNull(options.persistHostCachePeriod)
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.staleDns)
-        assertNull(options.staleDnsOptions)
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.useHttpStackDnsResolver)
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED,
-                options.preestablishConnectionsToStaleDnsResults)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testDnsOptions_persistHostCache_returnSetValue() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setPersistHostCache(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                .build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED, options.persistHostCache)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testDnsOptions_persistHostCachePeriod_returnSetValue() {
-        val period = Duration.ofMillis(12345)
-        val options = DnsOptions.Builder().setPersistHostCachePeriod(period).build()
-
-        assertEquals(period, options.persistHostCachePeriod)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testDnsOptions_enableStaleDns_returnSetValue() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setStaleDns(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                .build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED, options.staleDns)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testDnsOptions_useHttpStackDnsResolver_returnsSetValue() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setUseHttpStackDnsResolver(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                .build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED, options.useHttpStackDnsResolver)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testDnsOptions_preestablishConnectionsToStaleDnsResults_returnsSetValue() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setPreestablishConnectionsToStaleDnsResults(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                .build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED,
-                options.preestablishConnectionsToStaleDnsResults)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testDnsOptions_setStaleDnsOptions_returnsSetValues() {
-        val staleOptions = DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setAllowCrossNetworkUsage(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                .setFreshLookupTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(1234))
-                .build()
-        val options = DnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setStaleDns(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                .setStaleDnsOptions(staleOptions)
-                .build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED, options.staleDns)
-        assertEquals(staleOptions, options.staleDnsOptions)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testStaleDnsOptions_defaultValues() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder().build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.allowCrossNetworkUsage)
-        assertNull(options.freshLookupTimeout)
-        assertNull(options.maxExpiredDelay)
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED, options.useStaleOnNameNotResolved)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testStaleDnsOptions_allowCrossNetworkUsage_returnsSetValue() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setAllowCrossNetworkUsage(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED).build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED, options.allowCrossNetworkUsage)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testStaleDnsOptions_freshLookupTimeout_returnsSetValue() {
-        val duration = Duration.ofMillis(12345)
-        val options = DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder().setFreshLookupTimeout(duration).build()
-
-        assertNotNull(options.freshLookupTimeout)
-        assertEquals(duration, options.freshLookupTimeout!!)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testStaleDnsOptions_useStaleOnNameNotResolved_returnsSetValue() {
-        val options = DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder()
-                .setUseStaleOnNameNotResolved(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED)
-                .build()
-
-        assertEquals(DNS_OPTION_ENABLED, options.useStaleOnNameNotResolved)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testStaleDnsOptions_maxExpiredDelayMillis_returnsSetValue() {
-        val duration = Duration.ofMillis(12345)
-        val options = DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder().setMaxExpiredDelay(duration).build()
-
-        assertNotNull(options.maxExpiredDelay)
-        assertEquals(duration, options.maxExpiredDelay!!)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/HttpEngineTest.java b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/HttpEngineTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 9fc4389..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/HttpEngineTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,406 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts;
-
-import static android.net.http.cts.util.TestUtilsKt.assertOKStatusCode;
-import static android.net.http.cts.util.TestUtilsKt.assumeOKStatusCode;
-import static android.net.http.cts.util.TestUtilsKt.skipIfNoInternetConnection;
-
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-
-import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.Network;
-import android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions;
-import android.net.http.DnsOptions;
-import android.net.http.HttpEngine;
-import android.net.http.QuicOptions;
-import android.net.http.UrlRequest;
-import android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.HttpCtsTestServer;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback.ResponseStep;
-import android.os.Build;
-
-import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
-
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.Mockito;
-
-import java.time.Instant;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Calendar;
-import java.util.Set;
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-public class HttpEngineTest {
-    private static final String HOST = "source.android.com";
-    private static final String URL = "https://" + HOST;
-
-    private HttpEngine.Builder mEngineBuilder;
-    private TestUrlRequestCallback mCallback;
-    private HttpCtsTestServer mTestServer;
-    private UrlRequest mRequest;
-    private HttpEngine mEngine;
-    private Context mContext;
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
-        skipIfNoInternetConnection(mContext);
-        mEngineBuilder = new HttpEngine.Builder(mContext);
-        mCallback = new TestUrlRequestCallback();
-        mTestServer = new HttpCtsTestServer(mContext);
-    }
-
-    @After
-    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        if (mRequest != null) {
-            mRequest.cancel();
-            mCallback.blockForDone();
-        }
-        if (mEngine != null) {
-            mEngine.shutdown();
-        }
-        if (mTestServer != null) {
-            mTestServer.shutdown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private boolean isQuic(String negotiatedProtocol) {
-        return negotiatedProtocol.startsWith("http/2+quic") || negotiatedProtocol.startsWith("h3");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_Default() throws Exception {
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.build();
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(URL, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        // This tests uses a non-hermetic server. Instead of asserting, assume the next callback.
-        // This way, if the request were to fail, the test would just be skipped instead of failing.
-        mCallback.assumeCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-        assertEquals("h2", info.getNegotiatedProtocol());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_EnableHttpCache() {
-        String url = mTestServer.getCacheableTestDownloadUrl(
-                /* downloadId */ "cacheable-download",
-                /* numBytes */ 10);
-        mEngine =
-                mEngineBuilder
-                        .setStoragePath(mContext.getApplicationInfo().dataDir)
-                        .setEnableHttpCache(
-                                HttpEngine.Builder.HTTP_CACHE_DISK, /* maxSize */ 100 * 1024)
-                        .build();
-
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assumeOKStatusCode(info);
-        assertFalse(info.wasCached());
-
-        mCallback = new TestUrlRequestCallback();
-        builder = mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-        assertTrue(info.wasCached());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_DisableHttp2() throws Exception {
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.setEnableHttp2(false).build();
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(URL, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        // This tests uses a non-hermetic server. Instead of asserting, assume the next callback.
-        // This way, if the request were to fail, the test would just be skipped instead of failing.
-        mCallback.assumeCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-        assertEquals("http/1.1", info.getNegotiatedProtocol());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_EnablePublicKeyPinningBypassForLocalTrustAnchors() {
-        String url = mTestServer.getSuccessUrl();
-        // For known hosts, requests should succeed whether we're bypassing the local trust anchor
-        // or not.
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.setEnablePublicKeyPinningBypassForLocalTrustAnchors(false).build();
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-
-        mEngine.shutdown();
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.setEnablePublicKeyPinningBypassForLocalTrustAnchors(true).build();
-        mCallback = new TestUrlRequestCallback();
-        builder = mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-
-        // TODO(b/270918920): We should also test with a certificate not present in the device's
-        // trusted store.
-        // This requires either:
-        // * Mocking the underlying CertificateVerifier.
-        // * Or, having the server return a root certificate not present in the device's trusted
-        //   store.
-        // The former doesn't make sense for a CTS test as it would depend on the underlying
-        // implementation. The latter is something we should support once we write a proper test
-        // server.
-    }
-
-    private byte[] generateSha256() {
-        byte[] sha256 = new byte[32];
-        Arrays.fill(sha256, (byte) 58);
-        return sha256;
-    }
-
-    private Instant instantInFuture(int secondsIntoFuture) {
-        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
-        cal.add(Calendar.SECOND, secondsIntoFuture);
-        return cal.getTime().toInstant();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_AddPublicKeyPins() {
-        // CtsTestServer, when set in SslMode.NO_CLIENT_AUTH (required to trigger
-        // certificate verification, needed by this test), uses a certificate that
-        // doesn't match the hostname. For this reason, CtsTestServer cannot be used
-        // by this test.
-        Instant expirationInstant = instantInFuture(/* secondsIntoFuture */ 100);
-        boolean includeSubdomains = true;
-        Set<byte[]> pinsSha256 = Set.of(generateSha256());
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.addPublicKeyPins(
-                HOST, pinsSha256, includeSubdomains, expirationInstant).build();
-
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(URL, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_FAILED);
-        assertNotNull("Expected an error", mCallback.mError);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_EnableQuic() throws Exception {
-        String url = mTestServer.getSuccessUrl();
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.setEnableQuic(true).addQuicHint(HOST, 443, 443).build();
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_GetDefaultUserAgent() throws Exception {
-        assertThat(mEngineBuilder.getDefaultUserAgent(), containsString("AndroidHttpClient"));
-        assertThat(mEngineBuilder.getDefaultUserAgent()).contains(HttpEngine.getVersionString());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_requestUsesDefaultUserAgent() throws Exception {
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.build();
-        HttpCtsTestServer server =
-                new HttpCtsTestServer(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
-
-        String url = server.getUserAgentUrl();
-        UrlRequest request =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback).build();
-        request.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-        String receivedUserAgent = extractUserAgent(mCallback.mResponseAsString);
-
-        assertThat(receivedUserAgent).isEqualTo(mEngineBuilder.getDefaultUserAgent());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_requestUsesCustomUserAgent() throws Exception {
-        String userAgent = "CtsTests User Agent";
-        HttpCtsTestServer server =
-                new HttpCtsTestServer(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
-        mEngine =
-                new HttpEngine.Builder(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext())
-                        .setUserAgent(userAgent)
-                        .build();
-
-        String url = server.getUserAgentUrl();
-        UrlRequest request =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback).build();
-        request.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-        String receivedUserAgent = extractUserAgent(mCallback.mResponseAsString);
-
-        assertThat(receivedUserAgent).isEqualTo(userAgent);
-    }
-
-    private static String extractUserAgent(String userAgentResponseBody) {
-        // If someone wants to be evil and have the title HTML tag a part of the user agent,
-        // they'll have to fix this method :)
-        return userAgentResponseBody.replaceFirst(".*<title>", "").replaceFirst("</title>.*", "");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_bindToNetwork() throws Exception {
-        // Create a fake Android.net.Network. Since that network doesn't exist, binding to
-        // that should end up in a failed request.
-        Network mockNetwork = Mockito.mock(Network.class);
-        Mockito.when(mockNetwork.getNetworkHandle()).thenReturn(123L);
-        String url = mTestServer.getSuccessUrl();
-
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.build();
-        mEngine.bindToNetwork(mockNetwork);
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_FAILED);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_unbindFromNetwork() throws Exception {
-        // Create a fake Android.net.Network. Since that network doesn't exist, binding to
-        // that should end up in a failed request.
-        Network mockNetwork = Mockito.mock(Network.class);
-        Mockito.when(mockNetwork.getNetworkHandle()).thenReturn(123L);
-        String url = mTestServer.getSuccessUrl();
-
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.build();
-        // Bind to the fake network but then unbind. This should result in a successful
-        // request.
-        mEngine.bindToNetwork(mockNetwork);
-        mEngine.bindToNetwork(null);
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_setConnectionMigrationOptions_requestSucceeds() {
-        ConnectionMigrationOptions options = new ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder().build();
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.setConnectionMigrationOptions(options).build();
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                        mTestServer.getSuccessUrl(), mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_setDnsOptions_requestSucceeds() {
-        DnsOptions options = new DnsOptions.Builder().build();
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.setDnsOptions(options).build();
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                        mTestServer.getSuccessUrl(), mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void getVersionString_notEmpty() {
-        assertThat(HttpEngine.getVersionString()).isNotEmpty();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_SetQuicOptions_RequestSucceedsWithQuic() throws Exception {
-        String url = mTestServer.getSuccessUrl();
-        QuicOptions options = new QuicOptions.Builder().build();
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder
-                .setEnableQuic(true)
-                .addQuicHint(HOST, 443, 443)
-                .setQuicOptions(options)
-                .build();
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-        mRequest = builder.build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testHttpEngine_enableBrotli_brotliAdvertised() {
-        mEngine = mEngineBuilder.setEnableBrotli(true).build();
-        mRequest =
-                mEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                        mTestServer.getEchoHeadersUrl(), mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback)
-                        .build();
-        mRequest.start();
-
-        mCallback.assumeCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertThat(info.getHeaders().getAsMap().get("x-request-header-Accept-Encoding").toString())
-                .contains("br");
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/NetworkExceptionTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/NetworkExceptionTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index cff54b3..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/NetworkExceptionTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.net.http.HttpEngine
-import android.net.http.NetworkException
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback
-import android.os.Build
-import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertIs
-import kotlin.test.assertSame
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
-import org.junit.Test
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class NetworkExceptionTest {
-
-    @Test
-    fun testNetworkException_returnsInputParameters() {
-        val message = "failed"
-        val cause = Throwable("thrown")
-        val networkException =
-            object : NetworkException(message, cause) {
-                override fun getErrorCode() = 0
-                override fun isImmediatelyRetryable() = false
-            }
-
-        assertEquals(message, networkException.message)
-        assertSame(cause, networkException.cause)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testNetworkException_thrownFromUrlRequest() {
-        val httpEngine = HttpEngine.Builder(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()).build()
-        val callback = TestUrlRequestCallback()
-        val request =
-            httpEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder("http://localhost", callback.executor, callback).build()
-
-        request.start()
-        callback.blockForDone()
-
-        assertTrue(request.isDone)
-        assertIs<NetworkException>(callback.mError)
-        httpEngine.shutdown()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/QuicExceptionTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/QuicExceptionTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2705fc3..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/QuicExceptionTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.net.http.QuicException
-import android.os.Build
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import kotlin.test.Test
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class QuicExceptionTest {
-
-    @Test
-    fun testQuicException_returnsInputParameters() {
-        val message = "failed"
-        val cause = Throwable("thrown")
-        val quicException =
-            object : QuicException(message, cause) {
-                override fun getErrorCode() = 0
-                override fun isImmediatelyRetryable() = false
-            }
-
-        assertEquals(message, quicException.message)
-        assertEquals(cause, quicException.cause)
-    }
-
-    // TODO: add test for QuicException triggered from HttpEngine
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/QuicOptionsTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/QuicOptionsTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index da0b15c..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/QuicOptionsTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.net.http.QuicOptions
-import android.os.Build
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
-import java.time.Duration
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
-import kotlin.test.assertFalse
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
-import org.junit.Test
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class QuicOptionsTest {
-    @Test
-    fun testQuicOptions_defaultValues() {
-        val quicOptions = QuicOptions.Builder().build()
-        assertThat(quicOptions.allowedQuicHosts).isEmpty()
-        assertThat(quicOptions.handshakeUserAgent).isNull()
-        assertThat(quicOptions.idleConnectionTimeout).isNull()
-        assertFalse(quicOptions.hasInMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize())
-        assertFailsWith(IllegalStateException::class) {
-            quicOptions.inMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testQuicOptions_quicHostAllowlist_returnsAddedValues() {
-        val quicOptions = QuicOptions.Builder()
-                .addAllowedQuicHost("foo")
-                .addAllowedQuicHost("bar")
-                .addAllowedQuicHost("foo")
-                .addAllowedQuicHost("baz")
-                .build()
-        assertThat(quicOptions.allowedQuicHosts)
-                .containsExactly("foo", "bar", "baz")
-                .inOrder()
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testQuicOptions_idleConnectionTimeout_returnsSetValue() {
-        val timeout = Duration.ofMinutes(10)
-        val quicOptions = QuicOptions.Builder()
-                .setIdleConnectionTimeout(timeout)
-                .build()
-        assertThat(quicOptions.idleConnectionTimeout)
-                .isEqualTo(timeout)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testQuicOptions_inMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize_returnsSetValue() {
-        val quicOptions = QuicOptions.Builder()
-                .setInMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize(42)
-                .build()
-        assertTrue(quicOptions.hasInMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize())
-        assertThat(quicOptions.inMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize)
-                .isEqualTo(42)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testQuicOptions_handshakeUserAgent_returnsSetValue() {
-        val userAgent = "test"
-        val quicOptions = QuicOptions.Builder()
-            .setHandshakeUserAgent(userAgent)
-            .build()
-        assertThat(quicOptions.handshakeUserAgent)
-            .isEqualTo(userAgent)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/UrlRequestTest.java b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/UrlRequestTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3c4d134..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/UrlRequestTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,526 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts;
-
-import static android.net.http.cts.util.TestUtilsKt.assertOKStatusCode;
-import static android.net.http.cts.util.TestUtilsKt.skipIfNoInternetConnection;
-
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-
-import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.http.HeaderBlock;
-import android.net.http.HttpEngine;
-import android.net.http.HttpException;
-import android.net.http.InlineExecutionProhibitedException;
-import android.net.http.UploadDataProvider;
-import android.net.http.UrlRequest;
-import android.net.http.UrlRequest.Status;
-import android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.HttpCtsTestServer;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestStatusListener;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback.ResponseStep;
-import android.net.http.cts.util.UploadDataProviders;
-import android.os.Build;
-import android.webkit.cts.CtsTestServer;
-
-import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
-
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import com.google.common.base.Strings;
-
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
-import java.net.URLEncoder;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-public class UrlRequestTest {
-    private static final Executor DIRECT_EXECUTOR = Runnable::run;
-
-    private TestUrlRequestCallback mCallback;
-    private HttpCtsTestServer mTestServer;
-    private HttpEngine mHttpEngine;
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        Context context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
-        skipIfNoInternetConnection(context);
-        HttpEngine.Builder builder = new HttpEngine.Builder(context);
-        mHttpEngine = builder.build();
-        mCallback = new TestUrlRequestCallback();
-        mTestServer = new HttpCtsTestServer(context);
-    }
-
-    @After
-    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        if (mHttpEngine != null) {
-            mHttpEngine.shutdown();
-        }
-        if (mTestServer != null) {
-            mTestServer.shutdown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private UrlRequest.Builder createUrlRequestBuilder(String url) {
-        return mHttpEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, mCallback.getExecutor(), mCallback);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequestGet_CompletesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
-        String url = mTestServer.getSuccessUrl();
-        UrlRequest request = createUrlRequestBuilder(url).build();
-        request.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-        assertThat("Received byte count must be > 0", info.getReceivedByteCount(), greaterThan(0L));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequestStatus_InvalidBeforeRequestStarts() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest request = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl()).build();
-        // Calling before request is started should give Status.INVALID,
-        // since the native adapter is not created.
-        TestStatusListener statusListener = new TestStatusListener();
-        request.getStatus(statusListener);
-        statusListener.expectStatus(Status.INVALID);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequestCancel_CancelCalled() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest request = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl()).build();
-        mCallback.setAutoAdvance(false);
-
-        request.start();
-        mCallback.waitForNextStep();
-        assertSame(mCallback.mResponseStep, ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED);
-
-        request.cancel();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_CANCELED);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequestPost_EchoRequestBody() {
-        String testData = "test";
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getEchoBodyUrl());
-
-        UploadDataProvider dataProvider = UploadDataProviders.create(testData);
-        builder.setUploadDataProvider(dataProvider, mCallback.getExecutor());
-        builder.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
-        builder.build().start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-
-        assertOKStatusCode(mCallback.mResponseInfo);
-        assertEquals(testData, mCallback.mResponseAsString);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequestFail_FailedCalled() {
-        createUrlRequestBuilder("http://0.0.0.0:0/").build().start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_FAILED);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_directExecutor_allowed() throws InterruptedException {
-        TestUrlRequestCallback callback = new TestUrlRequestCallback();
-        callback.setAllowDirectExecutor(true);
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = mHttpEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                mTestServer.getEchoBodyUrl(), DIRECT_EXECUTOR, callback);
-        UploadDataProvider dataProvider = UploadDataProviders.create("test");
-        builder.setUploadDataProvider(dataProvider, DIRECT_EXECUTOR);
-        builder.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
-        builder.setDirectExecutorAllowed(true);
-        builder.build().start();
-        callback.blockForDone();
-
-        if (callback.mOnErrorCalled) {
-            throw new AssertionError("Expected no exception", callback.mError);
-        }
-
-        assertEquals(200, callback.mResponseInfo.getHttpStatusCode());
-        assertEquals("test", callback.mResponseAsString);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_directExecutor_disallowed_uploadDataProvider() throws Exception {
-        TestUrlRequestCallback callback = new TestUrlRequestCallback();
-        // This applies just locally to the test callback, not to SUT
-        callback.setAllowDirectExecutor(true);
-
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = mHttpEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                mTestServer.getEchoBodyUrl(), Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), callback);
-        UploadDataProvider dataProvider = UploadDataProviders.create("test");
-
-        builder.setUploadDataProvider(dataProvider, DIRECT_EXECUTOR)
-                .addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
-                .build()
-                .start();
-        callback.blockForDone();
-
-        assertTrue(callback.mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertTrue(callback.mError.getCause() instanceof InlineExecutionProhibitedException);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_directExecutor_disallowed_responseCallback() throws Exception {
-        TestUrlRequestCallback callback = new TestUrlRequestCallback();
-        // This applies just locally to the test callback, not to SUT
-        callback.setAllowDirectExecutor(true);
-
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = mHttpEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                mTestServer.getEchoBodyUrl(), DIRECT_EXECUTOR, callback);
-        UploadDataProvider dataProvider = UploadDataProviders.create("test");
-
-        builder.setUploadDataProvider(dataProvider, Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor())
-                .addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
-                .build()
-                .start();
-        callback.blockForDone();
-
-        assertTrue(callback.mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertTrue(callback.mError.getCause() instanceof InlineExecutionProhibitedException);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_nonDirectByteBuffer() throws Exception {
-        BlockingQueue<HttpException> onFailedException = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);
-
-        UrlRequest request =
-                mHttpEngine
-                        .newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                                mTestServer.getSuccessUrl(),
-                                Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
-                                new StubUrlRequestCallback() {
-                                    @Override
-                                    public void onResponseStarted(
-                                            UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-                                        // note: allocate, not allocateDirect
-                                        request.read(ByteBuffer.allocate(1024));
-                                    }
-
-                                    @Override
-                                    public void onFailed(
-                                            UrlRequest request,
-                                            UrlResponseInfo info,
-                                            HttpException error) {
-                                        onFailedException.add(error);
-                                    }
-                                })
-                        .build();
-        request.start();
-
-        HttpException e = onFailedException.poll(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-        assertNotNull(e);
-        assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IllegalArgumentException);
-        assertTrue(e.getCause().getMessage().contains("direct"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_fullByteBuffer() throws Exception {
-        BlockingQueue<HttpException> onFailedException = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);
-
-        UrlRequest request =
-                mHttpEngine
-                        .newUrlRequestBuilder(
-                                mTestServer.getSuccessUrl(),
-                                Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
-                                new StubUrlRequestCallback() {
-                                    @Override
-                                    public void onResponseStarted(
-                                            UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-                                        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
-                                        bb.position(bb.limit());
-                                        request.read(bb);
-                                    }
-
-                                    @Override
-                                    public void onFailed(
-                                            UrlRequest request,
-                                            UrlResponseInfo info,
-                                            HttpException error) {
-                                        onFailedException.add(error);
-                                    }
-                                })
-                        .build();
-        request.start();
-
-        HttpException e = onFailedException.poll(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-        assertNotNull(e);
-        assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IllegalArgumentException);
-        assertTrue(e.getCause().getMessage().contains("full"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_redirects() throws Exception {
-        int expectedNumRedirects = 5;
-        String url =
-                mTestServer.getRedirectingAssetUrl("html/hello_world.html", expectedNumRedirects);
-
-        UrlRequest request = createUrlRequestBuilder(url).build();
-        request.start();
-
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        UrlResponseInfo info = mCallback.mResponseInfo;
-        assertOKStatusCode(info);
-        assertThat(mCallback.mResponseAsString).contains("hello world");
-        assertThat(info.getUrlChain()).hasSize(expectedNumRedirects + 1);
-        assertThat(info.getUrlChain().get(0)).isEqualTo(url);
-        assertThat(info.getUrlChain().get(expectedNumRedirects)).isEqualTo(info.getUrl());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequestPost_withRedirect() throws Exception {
-        String body = Strings.repeat(
-                "Hello, this is a really interesting body, so write this 100 times.", 100);
-
-        String redirectUrlParameter =
-                URLEncoder.encode(mTestServer.getEchoBodyUrl(), "UTF-8");
-        createUrlRequestBuilder(
-                String.format(
-                        "%s/alt_redirect?dest=%s&statusCode=307",
-                        mTestServer.getBaseUri(),
-                        redirectUrlParameter))
-                .setHttpMethod("POST")
-                .addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
-                .setUploadDataProvider(
-                        UploadDataProviders.create(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),
-                        mCallback.getExecutor())
-                .build()
-                .start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-
-        assertOKStatusCode(mCallback.mResponseInfo);
-        assertThat(mCallback.mResponseAsString).isEqualTo(body);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_customHeaders() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getEchoHeadersUrl());
-
-        List<Map.Entry<String, String>> expectedHeaders = Arrays.asList(
-                Map.entry("Authorization", "Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="),
-                Map.entry("Max-Forwards", "10"),
-                Map.entry("X-Client-Data", "random custom header content"));
-
-        for (Map.Entry<String, String> header : expectedHeaders) {
-            builder.addHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
-        }
-
-        builder.build().start();
-        mCallback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-
-        assertOKStatusCode(mCallback.mResponseInfo);
-
-        List<Map.Entry<String, String>> echoedHeaders =
-                extractEchoedHeaders(mCallback.mResponseInfo.getHeaders());
-
-        // The implementation might decide to add more headers like accepted encodings it handles
-        // internally so the server is likely to see more headers than explicitly set
-        // by the developer.
-        assertThat(echoedHeaders)
-                .containsAtLeastElementsIn(expectedHeaders);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_getHttpMethod() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final String method = "POST";
-
-        builder.setHttpMethod(method);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.getHttpMethod()).isEqualTo(method);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_getHeaders_asList() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final List<Map.Entry<String, String>> expectedHeaders = Arrays.asList(
-                Map.entry("Authorization", "Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="),
-                Map.entry("Max-Forwards", "10"),
-                Map.entry("X-Client-Data", "random custom header content"));
-
-        for (Map.Entry<String, String> header : expectedHeaders) {
-            builder.addHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
-        }
-
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.getHeaders().getAsList()).containsAtLeastElementsIn(expectedHeaders);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_getHeaders_asMap() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final Map<String, List<String>> expectedHeaders = Map.of(
-                "Authorization", Arrays.asList("Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="),
-                "Max-Forwards", Arrays.asList("10"),
-                "X-Client-Data", Arrays.asList("random custom header content"));
-
-        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> header : expectedHeaders.entrySet()) {
-            builder.addHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue().get(0));
-        }
-
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.getHeaders().getAsMap()).containsAtLeastEntriesIn(expectedHeaders);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_isCacheDisabled() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final boolean isCacheDisabled = true;
-
-        builder.setCacheDisabled(isCacheDisabled);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.isCacheDisabled()).isEqualTo(isCacheDisabled);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_isDirectExecutorAllowed() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final boolean isDirectExecutorAllowed = true;
-
-        builder.setDirectExecutorAllowed(isDirectExecutorAllowed);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.isDirectExecutorAllowed()).isEqualTo(isDirectExecutorAllowed);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_getPriority() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final int priority = UrlRequest.REQUEST_PRIORITY_LOW;
-
-        builder.setPriority(priority);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.getPriority()).isEqualTo(priority);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_hasTrafficStatsTag() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsTag(10);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.hasTrafficStatsTag()).isEqualTo(true);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_getTrafficStatsTag() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final int trafficStatsTag = 10;
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsTag(trafficStatsTag);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.getTrafficStatsTag()).isEqualTo(trafficStatsTag);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_hasTrafficStatsUid() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsUid(10);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.hasTrafficStatsUid()).isEqualTo(true);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUrlRequest_getTrafficStatsUid() throws Exception {
-        UrlRequest.Builder builder = createUrlRequestBuilder(mTestServer.getSuccessUrl());
-        final int trafficStatsUid = 10;
-
-        builder.setTrafficStatsUid(trafficStatsUid);
-        UrlRequest request = builder.build();
-        assertThat(request.getTrafficStatsUid()).isEqualTo(trafficStatsUid);
-    }
-
-    private static List<Map.Entry<String, String>> extractEchoedHeaders(HeaderBlock headers) {
-        return headers.getAsList()
-                .stream()
-                .flatMap(input -> {
-                    if (input.getKey().startsWith(CtsTestServer.ECHOED_RESPONSE_HEADER_PREFIX)) {
-                        String strippedKey =
-                                input.getKey().substring(
-                                        CtsTestServer.ECHOED_RESPONSE_HEADER_PREFIX.length());
-                        return Stream.of(Map.entry(strippedKey, input.getValue()));
-                    } else {
-                        return Stream.empty();
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
-
-    private static class StubUrlRequestCallback implements UrlRequest.Callback {
-
-        @Override
-        public void onRedirectReceived(
-                UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, String newLocationUrl) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onResponseStarted(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onReadCompleted(
-                UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onSucceeded(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onFailed(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, HttpException error) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(error);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onCanceled(@NonNull UrlRequest request, @Nullable UrlResponseInfo info) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/UrlResponseInfoTest.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/UrlResponseInfoTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index f1b57c6..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/UrlResponseInfoTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts
-
-import android.content.Context
-import android.net.http.HttpEngine
-import android.net.http.cts.util.HttpCtsTestServer
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback
-import android.net.http.cts.util.TestUrlRequestCallback.ResponseStep
-import android.os.Build
-import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import kotlin.test.Test
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertFalse
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class UrlResponseInfoTest {
-
-    @Test
-    fun testUrlResponseInfo_apisReturnCorrectInfo() {
-        // start the engine and send a request
-        val context: Context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
-        val server = HttpCtsTestServer(context)
-        val httpEngine = HttpEngine.Builder(context).build()
-        val callback = TestUrlRequestCallback()
-        val url = server.successUrl
-        val request = httpEngine.newUrlRequestBuilder(url, callback.executor, callback).build()
-
-        request.start()
-        callback.expectCallback(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED)
-
-        val info = callback.mResponseInfo
-        assertFalse(info.headers.asList.isEmpty())
-        assertEquals(200, info.httpStatusCode)
-        assertTrue(info.receivedByteCount > 0)
-        assertEquals(url, info.url)
-        assertEquals(listOf(url), info.urlChain)
-        assertFalse(info.wasCached())
-
-        // TODO Current test server does not set these values. Uncomment when we use one that does.
-        // assertEquals("OK", info.httpStatusText)
-        // assertEquals("http/1.1", info.negotiatedProtocol)
-
-        // cronet defaults to port 0 when no proxy is specified.
-        // This is not a behaviour we want to enforce since null is reasonable too.
-        // assertEquals(":0", info.proxyServer)
-
-        server.shutdown()
-        httpEngine.shutdown()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/HttpCtsTestServer.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/HttpCtsTestServer.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5196544..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/HttpCtsTestServer.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts.util
-
-import android.content.Context
-import android.webkit.cts.CtsTestServer
-import java.net.URI
-import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest
-import org.apache.http.HttpRequest
-import org.apache.http.HttpResponse
-import org.apache.http.HttpStatus
-import org.apache.http.HttpVersion
-import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpResponse
-
-private const val ECHO_BODY_PATH = "/echo_body"
-
-/** Extends CtsTestServer to handle POST requests and other test specific requests */
-class HttpCtsTestServer(context: Context) : CtsTestServer(context) {
-
-    val echoBodyUrl: String = baseUri + ECHO_BODY_PATH
-    val successUrl: String = getAssetUrl("html/hello_world.html")
-
-    override fun onPost(req: HttpRequest): HttpResponse? {
-        val path = URI.create(req.requestLine.uri).path
-        var response: HttpResponse? = null
-
-        if (path.startsWith(ECHO_BODY_PATH)) {
-            if (req !is HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) {
-                return BasicHttpResponse(
-                    HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0,
-                    HttpStatus.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                    "Expected req to be of type HttpEntityEnclosingRequest but got ${req.javaClass}"
-                )
-            }
-
-            response = BasicHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0, HttpStatus.SC_OK, null)
-            response.entity = req.entity
-            response.addHeader("Content-Length", req.entity.contentLength.toString())
-        }
-
-        return response
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestBidirectionalStreamCallback.java b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestBidirectionalStreamCallback.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e7333c..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestBidirectionalStreamCallback.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,485 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts.util;
-
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeThat;
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
-
-import android.net.http.BidirectionalStream;
-import android.net.http.HeaderBlock;
-import android.net.http.HttpException;
-import android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo;
-import android.os.ConditionVariable;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
-
-/**
- * Callback that tracks information from different callbacks and has a method to block thread until
- * the stream completes on another thread. Allows to cancel, block stream or throw an exception from
- * an arbitrary step.
- */
-public class TestBidirectionalStreamCallback implements BidirectionalStream.Callback {
-    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 12_000;
-    public UrlResponseInfo mResponseInfo;
-    public HttpException mError;
-
-    public ResponseStep mResponseStep = ResponseStep.NOTHING;
-
-    public boolean mOnErrorCalled;
-    public boolean mOnCanceledCalled;
-
-    public int mHttpResponseDataLength;
-    public String mResponseAsString = "";
-
-    public HeaderBlock mTrailers;
-
-    private static final int READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 32 * 1024;
-
-    // When false, the consumer is responsible for all calls into the stream
-    // that advance it.
-    private boolean mAutoAdvance = true;
-
-    // Conditionally fail on certain steps.
-    private FailureType mFailureType = FailureType.NONE;
-    private ResponseStep mFailureStep = ResponseStep.NOTHING;
-
-    // Signals when the stream is done either successfully or not.
-    private final ConditionVariable mDone = new ConditionVariable();
-
-    // Signaled on each step when mAutoAdvance is false.
-    private final ConditionVariable mReadStepBlock = new ConditionVariable();
-    private final ConditionVariable mWriteStepBlock = new ConditionVariable();
-
-    // Executor Service for Cronet callbacks.
-    private final ExecutorService mExecutorService =
-            Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(new ExecutorThreadFactory());
-    private Thread mExecutorThread;
-
-    // position() of ByteBuffer prior to read() call.
-    private int mBufferPositionBeforeRead;
-
-    // Data to write.
-    private final ArrayList<WriteBuffer> mWriteBuffers = new ArrayList<WriteBuffer>();
-
-    // Buffers that we yet to receive the corresponding onWriteCompleted callback.
-    private final ArrayList<WriteBuffer> mWriteBuffersToBeAcked = new ArrayList<WriteBuffer>();
-
-    // Whether to use a direct executor.
-    private final boolean mUseDirectExecutor;
-    private final DirectExecutor mDirectExecutor;
-
-    private class ExecutorThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
-        @Override
-        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
-            mExecutorThread = new Thread(r);
-            return mExecutorThread;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static class WriteBuffer {
-        final ByteBuffer mBuffer;
-        final boolean mFlush;
-
-        WriteBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer, boolean flush) {
-            mBuffer = buffer;
-            mFlush = flush;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static class DirectExecutor implements Executor {
-        @Override
-        public void execute(Runnable task) {
-            task.run();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public enum ResponseStep {
-        NOTHING,
-        ON_STREAM_READY,
-        ON_RESPONSE_STARTED,
-        ON_READ_COMPLETED,
-        ON_WRITE_COMPLETED,
-        ON_TRAILERS,
-        ON_CANCELED,
-        ON_FAILED,
-        ON_SUCCEEDED,
-    }
-
-    public enum FailureType {
-        NONE,
-        CANCEL_SYNC,
-        CANCEL_ASYNC,
-        // Same as above, but continues to advance the stream after posting
-        // the cancellation task.
-        CANCEL_ASYNC_WITHOUT_PAUSE,
-        THROW_SYNC
-    }
-
-    private boolean isTerminalCallback(ResponseStep step) {
-        switch (step) {
-            case ON_SUCCEEDED:
-            case ON_CANCELED:
-            case ON_FAILED:
-                return true;
-            default:
-                return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public TestBidirectionalStreamCallback() {
-        mUseDirectExecutor = false;
-        mDirectExecutor = null;
-    }
-
-    public TestBidirectionalStreamCallback(boolean useDirectExecutor) {
-        mUseDirectExecutor = useDirectExecutor;
-        mDirectExecutor = new DirectExecutor();
-    }
-
-    public void setAutoAdvance(boolean autoAdvance) {
-        mAutoAdvance = autoAdvance;
-    }
-
-    public void setFailure(FailureType failureType, ResponseStep failureStep) {
-        mFailureStep = failureStep;
-        mFailureType = failureType;
-    }
-
-    public boolean blockForDone() {
-        return mDone.block(TIMEOUT_MS);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Waits for a terminal callback to complete execution before failing if the callback is not the
-     * expected one
-     *
-     * @param expectedStep the expected callback step
-     */
-    public void expectCallback(ResponseStep expectedStep) {
-        if (isTerminalCallback(expectedStep)) {
-            assertTrue(String.format(
-                            "Request timed out. Expected %s callback. Current callback is %s",
-                            expectedStep, mResponseStep),
-                    blockForDone());
-        }
-        assertSame(expectedStep, mResponseStep);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Waits for a terminal callback to complete execution before skipping the test if the callback
-     * is not the expected one
-     *
-     * @param expectedStep the expected callback step
-     */
-    public void assumeCallback(ResponseStep expectedStep) {
-        if (isTerminalCallback(expectedStep)) {
-            assumeTrue(
-                    String.format(
-                            "Request timed out. Expected %s callback. Current callback is %s",
-                            expectedStep, mResponseStep),
-                    blockForDone());
-        }
-        assumeThat(expectedStep, equalTo(mResponseStep));
-    }
-
-    public void waitForNextReadStep() {
-        mReadStepBlock.block();
-        mReadStepBlock.close();
-    }
-
-    public void waitForNextWriteStep() {
-        mWriteStepBlock.block();
-        mWriteStepBlock.close();
-    }
-
-    public Executor getExecutor() {
-        if (mUseDirectExecutor) {
-            return mDirectExecutor;
-        }
-        return mExecutorService;
-    }
-
-    public void shutdownExecutor() {
-        if (mUseDirectExecutor) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("DirectExecutor doesn't support shutdown");
-        }
-        mExecutorService.shutdown();
-    }
-
-    public void addWriteData(byte[] data) {
-        addWriteData(data, true);
-    }
-
-    public void addWriteData(byte[] data, boolean flush) {
-        ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(data.length);
-        writeBuffer.put(data);
-        writeBuffer.flip();
-        mWriteBuffers.add(new WriteBuffer(writeBuffer, flush));
-        mWriteBuffersToBeAcked.add(new WriteBuffer(writeBuffer, flush));
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onStreamReady(BidirectionalStream stream) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertFalse(stream.isDone());
-        assertEquals(ResponseStep.NOTHING, mResponseStep);
-        assertNull(mError);
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_STREAM_READY;
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mWriteStepBlock)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        startNextWrite(stream);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onResponseHeadersReceived(BidirectionalStream stream, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertFalse(stream.isDone());
-        assertTrue(
-                mResponseStep == ResponseStep.NOTHING
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_STREAM_READY
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_WRITE_COMPLETED);
-        assertNull(mError);
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mReadStepBlock)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        startNextRead(stream);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onReadCompleted(
-            BidirectionalStream stream,
-            UrlResponseInfo info,
-            ByteBuffer byteBuffer,
-            boolean endOfStream) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertFalse(stream.isDone());
-        assertTrue(
-                mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_READ_COMPLETED
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_WRITE_COMPLETED
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_TRAILERS);
-        assertNull(mError);
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_READ_COMPLETED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-
-        final int bytesRead = byteBuffer.position() - mBufferPositionBeforeRead;
-        mHttpResponseDataLength += bytesRead;
-        final byte[] lastDataReceivedAsBytes = new byte[bytesRead];
-        // Rewind byteBuffer.position() to pre-read() position.
-        byteBuffer.position(mBufferPositionBeforeRead);
-        // This restores byteBuffer.position() to its value on entrance to
-        // this function.
-        byteBuffer.get(lastDataReceivedAsBytes);
-
-        mResponseAsString += new String(lastDataReceivedAsBytes);
-
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mReadStepBlock)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // Do not read if EOF has been reached.
-        if (!endOfStream) {
-            startNextRead(stream);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onWriteCompleted(
-            BidirectionalStream stream,
-            UrlResponseInfo info,
-            ByteBuffer buffer,
-            boolean endOfStream) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertFalse(stream.isDone());
-        assertNull(mError);
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_WRITE_COMPLETED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-        if (!mWriteBuffersToBeAcked.isEmpty()) {
-            assertEquals(buffer, mWriteBuffersToBeAcked.get(0).mBuffer);
-            mWriteBuffersToBeAcked.remove(0);
-        }
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mWriteStepBlock)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        startNextWrite(stream);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onResponseTrailersReceived(
-            BidirectionalStream stream,
-            UrlResponseInfo info,
-            HeaderBlock trailers) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertFalse(stream.isDone());
-        assertNull(mError);
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_TRAILERS;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-        mTrailers = trailers;
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mReadStepBlock)) {
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onSucceeded(BidirectionalStream stream, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertTrue(stream.isDone());
-        assertTrue(
-                mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_READ_COMPLETED
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_WRITE_COMPLETED
-                        || mResponseStep == ResponseStep.ON_TRAILERS);
-        assertFalse(mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertFalse(mOnCanceledCalled);
-        assertNull(mError);
-        assertEquals(0, mWriteBuffers.size());
-        assertEquals(0, mWriteBuffersToBeAcked.size());
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-        openDone();
-        maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mReadStepBlock);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onFailed(BidirectionalStream stream, UrlResponseInfo info, HttpException error) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertTrue(stream.isDone());
-        // Shouldn't happen after success.
-        assertTrue(mResponseStep != ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED);
-        // Should happen at most once for a single stream.
-        assertFalse(mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertFalse(mOnCanceledCalled);
-        assertNull(mError);
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_FAILED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-
-        mOnErrorCalled = true;
-        mError = error;
-        openDone();
-        maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mReadStepBlock);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onCanceled(BidirectionalStream stream, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-        checkOnValidThread();
-        assertTrue(stream.isDone());
-        // Should happen at most once for a single stream.
-        assertFalse(mOnCanceledCalled);
-        assertFalse(mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertNull(mError);
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_CANCELED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-
-        mOnCanceledCalled = true;
-        openDone();
-        maybeThrowCancelOrPause(stream, mReadStepBlock);
-    }
-
-    public void startNextRead(BidirectionalStream stream) {
-        startNextRead(stream, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(READ_BUFFER_SIZE));
-    }
-
-    public void startNextRead(BidirectionalStream stream, ByteBuffer buffer) {
-        mBufferPositionBeforeRead = buffer.position();
-        stream.read(buffer);
-    }
-
-    public void startNextWrite(BidirectionalStream stream) {
-        if (!mWriteBuffers.isEmpty()) {
-            Iterator<WriteBuffer> iterator = mWriteBuffers.iterator();
-            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
-                WriteBuffer b = iterator.next();
-                stream.write(b.mBuffer, !iterator.hasNext());
-                iterator.remove();
-                if (b.mFlush) {
-                    stream.flush();
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public boolean isDone() {
-        // It's not mentioned by the Android docs, but block(0) seems to block
-        // indefinitely, so have to block for one millisecond to get state
-        // without blocking.
-        return mDone.block(1);
-    }
-
-    /** Returns the number of pending Writes. */
-    public int numPendingWrites() {
-        return mWriteBuffers.size();
-    }
-
-    protected void openDone() {
-        mDone.open();
-    }
-
-    /** Returns {@code false} if the callback should continue to advance the stream. */
-    private boolean maybeThrowCancelOrPause(
-            final BidirectionalStream stream, ConditionVariable stepBlock) {
-        if (mResponseStep != mFailureStep || mFailureType == FailureType.NONE) {
-            if (!mAutoAdvance) {
-                stepBlock.open();
-                return true;
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (mFailureType == FailureType.THROW_SYNC) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Callback Exception.");
-        }
-        Runnable task =
-                new Runnable() {
-                    @Override
-                    public void run() {
-                        stream.cancel();
-                    }
-                };
-        if (mFailureType == FailureType.CANCEL_ASYNC
-                || mFailureType == FailureType.CANCEL_ASYNC_WITHOUT_PAUSE) {
-            getExecutor().execute(task);
-        } else {
-            task.run();
-        }
-        return mFailureType != FailureType.CANCEL_ASYNC_WITHOUT_PAUSE;
-    }
-
-    /** Checks whether callback methods are invoked on the correct thread. */
-    private void checkOnValidThread() {
-        if (!mUseDirectExecutor) {
-            assertEquals(mExecutorThread, Thread.currentThread());
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestStatusListener.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestStatusListener.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a4486f..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestStatusListener.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts.util
-
-import android.net.http.UrlRequest.StatusListener
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
-import org.junit.Assert.assertSame
-
-private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 12000L
-
-/** Test status listener for requests */
-class TestStatusListener : StatusListener {
-    private val statusFuture = CompletableFuture<Int>()
-
-    override fun onStatus(status: Int) {
-        statusFuture.complete(status)
-    }
-
-    /** Fails if the expected status is not the returned status */
-    fun expectStatus(expected: Int) {
-        assertSame(expected, statusFuture.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestUrlRequestCallback.java b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestUrlRequestCallback.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 28443b7..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestUrlRequestCallback.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,481 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts.util;
-
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
-import static org.hamcrest.core.AnyOf.anyOf;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeThat;
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
-
-import android.net.http.CallbackException;
-import android.net.http.HttpException;
-import android.net.http.InlineExecutionProhibitedException;
-import android.net.http.UrlRequest;
-import android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo;
-import android.os.ConditionVariable;
-import android.os.StrictMode;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-/**
- * Callback that tracks information from different callbacks and has a
- * method to block thread until the request completes on another thread.
- * Allows us to cancel, block request or throw an exception from an arbitrary step.
- */
-public class TestUrlRequestCallback implements UrlRequest.Callback {
-    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 12_000;
-    public ArrayList<UrlResponseInfo> mRedirectResponseInfoList = new ArrayList<>();
-    public ArrayList<String> mRedirectUrlList = new ArrayList<>();
-    public UrlResponseInfo mResponseInfo;
-    public HttpException mError;
-
-    public ResponseStep mResponseStep = ResponseStep.NOTHING;
-
-    public int mRedirectCount;
-    public boolean mOnErrorCalled;
-    public boolean mOnCanceledCalled;
-
-    public int mHttpResponseDataLength;
-    public String mResponseAsString = "";
-
-    public int mReadBufferSize = 32 * 1024;
-
-    // When false, the consumer is responsible for all calls into the request
-    // that advance it.
-    private boolean mAutoAdvance = true;
-    // Whether an exception is thrown by maybeThrowCancelOrPause().
-    private boolean mCallbackExceptionThrown;
-
-    // Whether to permit calls on the network thread.
-    private boolean mAllowDirectExecutor;
-
-    // Whether to stop the executor thread after reaching a terminal method.
-    // Terminal methods are (onSucceeded, onFailed or onCancelled)
-    private boolean mBlockOnTerminalState;
-
-    // Conditionally fail on certain steps.
-    private FailureType mFailureType = FailureType.NONE;
-    private ResponseStep mFailureStep = ResponseStep.NOTHING;
-
-    // Signals when request is done either successfully or not.
-    private final ConditionVariable mDone = new ConditionVariable();
-
-    // Hangs the calling thread until a terminal method has started executing.
-    private final ConditionVariable mWaitForTerminalToStart = new ConditionVariable();
-
-    // Signaled on each step when mAutoAdvance is false.
-    private final ConditionVariable mStepBlock = new ConditionVariable();
-
-    // Executor Service for Http callbacks.
-    private final ExecutorService mExecutorService;
-    private Thread mExecutorThread;
-
-    // position() of ByteBuffer prior to read() call.
-    private int mBufferPositionBeforeRead;
-
-    private static class ExecutorThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
-        @Override
-        public Thread newThread(final Runnable r) {
-            return new Thread(new Runnable() {
-                @Override
-                public void run() {
-                    StrictMode.ThreadPolicy threadPolicy = StrictMode.getThreadPolicy();
-                    try {
-                        StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder()
-                                .detectNetwork()
-                                .penaltyLog()
-                                .penaltyDeath()
-                                .build());
-                        r.run();
-                    } finally {
-                        StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(threadPolicy);
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-        }
-    }
-
-    public enum ResponseStep {
-        NOTHING,
-        ON_RECEIVED_REDIRECT,
-        ON_RESPONSE_STARTED,
-        ON_READ_COMPLETED,
-        ON_SUCCEEDED,
-        ON_FAILED,
-        ON_CANCELED,
-    }
-
-    public enum FailureType {
-        NONE,
-        CANCEL_SYNC,
-        CANCEL_ASYNC,
-        // Same as above, but continues to advance the request after posting
-        // the cancellation task.
-        CANCEL_ASYNC_WITHOUT_PAUSE,
-        THROW_SYNC
-    }
-
-    private static void assertContains(String expectedSubstring, String actualString) {
-        assertNotNull(actualString);
-        assertTrue("String [" + actualString + "] doesn't contain substring [" + expectedSubstring
-                + "]", actualString.contains(expectedSubstring));
-
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Set {@code mExecutorThread}.
-     */
-    private void fillInExecutorThread() {
-        mExecutorService.execute(new Runnable() {
-            @Override
-            public void run() {
-                mExecutorThread = Thread.currentThread();
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    private boolean isTerminalCallback(ResponseStep step) {
-        switch (step) {
-            case ON_SUCCEEDED:
-            case ON_CANCELED:
-            case ON_FAILED:
-                return true;
-            default:
-                return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create a {@link TestUrlRequestCallback} with a new single-threaded executor.
-     */
-    public TestUrlRequestCallback() {
-        this(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(new ExecutorThreadFactory()));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create a {@link TestUrlRequestCallback} using a custom single-threaded executor.
-     */
-    public TestUrlRequestCallback(ExecutorService executorService) {
-        mExecutorService = executorService;
-        fillInExecutorThread();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * This blocks the callback executor thread once it has reached a final state callback.
-     * In order to continue execution, this method must be called again and providing {@code false}
-     * to continue execution.
-     *
-     * @param blockOnTerminalState the state to set for the executor thread
-     */
-    public void setBlockOnTerminalState(boolean blockOnTerminalState) {
-        mBlockOnTerminalState = blockOnTerminalState;
-        if (!blockOnTerminalState) {
-            mDone.open();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void setAutoAdvance(boolean autoAdvance) {
-        mAutoAdvance = autoAdvance;
-    }
-
-    public void setAllowDirectExecutor(boolean allowed) {
-        mAllowDirectExecutor = allowed;
-    }
-
-    public void setFailure(FailureType failureType, ResponseStep failureStep) {
-        mFailureStep = failureStep;
-        mFailureType = failureType;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Blocks the calling thread till callback execution is done
-     *
-     * @return true if the condition was opened, false if the call returns because of the timeout.
-     */
-    public boolean blockForDone() {
-        return mDone.block(TIMEOUT_MS);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Waits for a terminal callback to complete execution before failing if the callback
-     * is not the expected one
-     *
-     * @param expectedStep the expected callback step
-     */
-    public void expectCallback(ResponseStep expectedStep) {
-        if (isTerminalCallback(expectedStep)) {
-            assertTrue("Did not receive terminal callback before timeout", blockForDone());
-        }
-        assertSame(expectedStep, mResponseStep);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Waits for a terminal callback to complete execution before skipping the test if the
-     * callback is not the expected one
-     *
-     * @param expectedStep the expected callback step
-     */
-    public void assumeCallback(ResponseStep expectedStep) {
-        if (isTerminalCallback(expectedStep)) {
-            assumeTrue("Did not receive terminal callback before timeout", blockForDone());
-        }
-        assumeThat(expectedStep, equalTo(mResponseStep));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Blocks the calling thread until one of the final states has been called.
-     * This is called before the callback has finished executed.
-     */
-    public void waitForTerminalToStart() {
-        mWaitForTerminalToStart.block();
-    }
-
-    public void waitForNextStep() {
-        mStepBlock.block();
-        mStepBlock.close();
-    }
-
-    public ExecutorService getExecutor() {
-        return mExecutorService;
-    }
-
-    public void shutdownExecutor() {
-        mExecutorService.shutdown();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Shuts down the ExecutorService and waits until it executes all posted
-     * tasks.
-     */
-    public void shutdownExecutorAndWait() {
-        mExecutorService.shutdown();
-        try {
-            // Termination shouldn't take long. Use 1 min which should be more than enough.
-            mExecutorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            fail("ExecutorService is interrupted while waiting for termination");
-        }
-        assertTrue(mExecutorService.isTerminated());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onRedirectReceived(
-            UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, String newLocationUrl) {
-        checkExecutorThread();
-        assertFalse(request.isDone());
-        assertThat(mResponseStep, anyOf(
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.NOTHING),
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.ON_RECEIVED_REDIRECT)));
-        assertNull(mError);
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_RECEIVED_REDIRECT;
-        mRedirectUrlList.add(newLocationUrl);
-        mRedirectResponseInfoList.add(info);
-        ++mRedirectCount;
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(request)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        request.followRedirect();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onResponseStarted(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-        checkExecutorThread();
-        assertFalse(request.isDone());
-        assertThat(mResponseStep, anyOf(
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.NOTHING),
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.ON_RECEIVED_REDIRECT)));
-        assertNull(mError);
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(request)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        startNextRead(request);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onReadCompleted(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
-        checkExecutorThread();
-        assertFalse(request.isDone());
-        assertThat(mResponseStep, anyOf(
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED),
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.ON_READ_COMPLETED)));
-        assertNull(mError);
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_READ_COMPLETED;
-
-        final byte[] lastDataReceivedAsBytes;
-        final int bytesRead = byteBuffer.position() - mBufferPositionBeforeRead;
-        mHttpResponseDataLength += bytesRead;
-        lastDataReceivedAsBytes = new byte[bytesRead];
-        // Rewind |byteBuffer.position()| to pre-read() position.
-        byteBuffer.position(mBufferPositionBeforeRead);
-        // This restores |byteBuffer.position()| to its value on entrance to
-        // this function.
-        byteBuffer.get(lastDataReceivedAsBytes);
-        mResponseAsString += new String(lastDataReceivedAsBytes);
-
-        if (maybeThrowCancelOrPause(request)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        startNextRead(request);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onSucceeded(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-        checkExecutorThread();
-        assertTrue(request.isDone());
-        assertThat(mResponseStep, anyOf(
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.ON_RESPONSE_STARTED),
-                equalTo(ResponseStep.ON_READ_COMPLETED)));
-        assertFalse(mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertFalse(mOnCanceledCalled);
-        assertNull(mError);
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED;
-        mResponseInfo = info;
-        mWaitForTerminalToStart.open();
-        if (mBlockOnTerminalState) mDone.block();
-        openDone();
-        maybeThrowCancelOrPause(request);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onFailed(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info, HttpException error) {
-        // If the failure is because of prohibited direct execution, the test shouldn't fail
-        // since the request already did.
-        if (error.getCause() instanceof InlineExecutionProhibitedException) {
-            mAllowDirectExecutor = true;
-        }
-        checkExecutorThread();
-        assertTrue(request.isDone());
-        // Shouldn't happen after success.
-        assertNotEquals(ResponseStep.ON_SUCCEEDED, mResponseStep);
-        // Should happen at most once for a single request.
-        assertFalse(mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertFalse(mOnCanceledCalled);
-        assertNull(mError);
-        if (mCallbackExceptionThrown) {
-            assertTrue(error instanceof CallbackException);
-            assertContains("Exception received from UrlRequest.Callback", error.getMessage());
-            assertNotNull(error.getCause());
-            assertTrue(error.getCause() instanceof IllegalStateException);
-            assertContains("Listener Exception.", error.getCause().getMessage());
-        }
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_FAILED;
-        mOnErrorCalled = true;
-        mError = error;
-        mWaitForTerminalToStart.open();
-        if (mBlockOnTerminalState) mDone.block();
-        openDone();
-        maybeThrowCancelOrPause(request);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onCanceled(UrlRequest request, UrlResponseInfo info) {
-        checkExecutorThread();
-        assertTrue(request.isDone());
-        // Should happen at most once for a single request.
-        assertFalse(mOnCanceledCalled);
-        assertFalse(mOnErrorCalled);
-        assertNull(mError);
-
-        mResponseStep = ResponseStep.ON_CANCELED;
-        mOnCanceledCalled = true;
-        mWaitForTerminalToStart.open();
-        if (mBlockOnTerminalState) mDone.block();
-        openDone();
-        maybeThrowCancelOrPause(request);
-    }
-
-    public void startNextRead(UrlRequest request) {
-        startNextRead(request, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(mReadBufferSize));
-    }
-
-    public void startNextRead(UrlRequest request, ByteBuffer buffer) {
-        mBufferPositionBeforeRead = buffer.position();
-        request.read(buffer);
-    }
-
-    public boolean isDone() {
-        // It's not mentioned by the Android docs, but block(0) seems to block
-        // indefinitely, so have to block for one millisecond to get state
-        // without blocking.
-        return mDone.block(1);
-    }
-
-    protected void openDone() {
-        mDone.open();
-    }
-
-    private void checkExecutorThread() {
-        if (!mAllowDirectExecutor) {
-            assertEquals(mExecutorThread, Thread.currentThread());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code false} if the listener should continue to advance the
-     * request.
-     */
-    private boolean maybeThrowCancelOrPause(final UrlRequest request) {
-        checkExecutorThread();
-        if (mResponseStep != mFailureStep || mFailureType == FailureType.NONE) {
-            if (!mAutoAdvance) {
-                mStepBlock.open();
-                return true;
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (mFailureType == FailureType.THROW_SYNC) {
-            assertFalse(mCallbackExceptionThrown);
-            mCallbackExceptionThrown = true;
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Listener Exception.");
-        }
-        Runnable task = new Runnable() {
-            @Override
-            public void run() {
-                request.cancel();
-            }
-        };
-        if (mFailureType == FailureType.CANCEL_ASYNC
-                || mFailureType == FailureType.CANCEL_ASYNC_WITHOUT_PAUSE) {
-            getExecutor().execute(task);
-        } else {
-            task.run();
-        }
-        return mFailureType != FailureType.CANCEL_ASYNC_WITHOUT_PAUSE;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestUtils.kt b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestUtils.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7fc005a..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/TestUtils.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts.util
-
-import android.content.Context
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager
-import android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo
-import org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo
-import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
-import org.junit.Assume.assumeNotNull
-import org.junit.Assume.assumeThat
-
-fun skipIfNoInternetConnection(context: Context) {
-    val connectivityManager = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
-    assumeNotNull(
-        "This test requires a working Internet connection", connectivityManager!!.activeNetwork
-    )
-}
-
-fun assertOKStatusCode(info: UrlResponseInfo) {
-    assertEquals("Status code must be 200 OK", 200, info.httpStatusCode)
-}
-
-fun assumeOKStatusCode(info: UrlResponseInfo) {
-    assumeThat("Status code must be 200 OK", info.httpStatusCode, equalTo(200))
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/UploadDataProviders.java b/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/UploadDataProviders.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b90fa0..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/cts/src/android/net/http/cts/util/UploadDataProviders.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.http.cts.util;
-
-import android.net.http.UploadDataProvider;
-import android.net.http.UploadDataSink;
-import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-
-/**
- * Provides implementations of {@link UploadDataProvider} for common use cases. Corresponds to
- * {@code android.net.http.apihelpers.UploadDataProviders} which is not an exposed API.
- */
-public final class UploadDataProviders {
-    /**
-     * Uploads an entire file.
-     *
-     * @param file The file to upload
-     * @return A new UploadDataProvider for the given file
-     */
-    public static UploadDataProvider create(final File file) {
-        return new FileUploadProvider(() -> new FileInputStream(file).getChannel());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Uploads an entire file, closing the descriptor when it is no longer needed.
-     *
-     * @param fd The file descriptor to upload
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code fd} is not a file.
-     * @return A new UploadDataProvider for the given file descriptor
-     */
-    public static UploadDataProvider create(final ParcelFileDescriptor fd) {
-        return new FileUploadProvider(() -> {
-            if (fd.getStatSize() != -1) {
-                return new ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(fd).getChannel();
-            } else {
-                fd.close();
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a file: " + fd);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Uploads a ByteBuffer, from the current {@code buffer.position()} to {@code buffer.limit()}
-     *
-     * @param buffer The data to upload
-     * @return A new UploadDataProvider for the given buffer
-     */
-    public static UploadDataProvider create(ByteBuffer buffer) {
-        return new ByteBufferUploadProvider(buffer.slice());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Uploads {@code length} bytes from {@code data}, starting from {@code offset}
-     *
-     * @param data Array containing data to upload
-     * @param offset Offset within data to start with
-     * @param length Number of bytes to upload
-     * @return A new UploadDataProvider for the given data
-     */
-    public static UploadDataProvider create(byte[] data, int offset, int length) {
-        return new ByteBufferUploadProvider(ByteBuffer.wrap(data, offset, length).slice());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Uploads the contents of {@code data}
-     *
-     * @param data Array containing data to upload
-     * @return A new UploadDataProvider for the given data
-     */
-    public static UploadDataProvider create(byte[] data) {
-        return create(data, 0, data.length);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Uploads the UTF-8 representation of {@code data}
-     *
-     * @param data String containing data to upload
-     * @return A new UploadDataProvider for the given data
-     */
-    public static UploadDataProvider create(String data) {
-        return create(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-    }
-
-    private interface FileChannelProvider {
-        FileChannel getChannel() throws IOException;
-    }
-
-    private static final class FileUploadProvider extends UploadDataProvider {
-        private volatile FileChannel mChannel;
-        private final FileChannelProvider mProvider;
-        /** Guards initialization of {@code mChannel} */
-        private final Object mLock = new Object();
-
-        private FileUploadProvider(FileChannelProvider provider) {
-            this.mProvider = provider;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public long getLength() throws IOException {
-            return getChannel().size();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void read(UploadDataSink uploadDataSink, ByteBuffer byteBuffer) throws IOException {
-            if (!byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Cronet passed a buffer with no bytes remaining");
-            }
-            FileChannel channel = getChannel();
-            int bytesRead = 0;
-            while (bytesRead == 0) {
-                int read = channel.read(byteBuffer);
-                if (read == -1) {
-                    break;
-                } else {
-                    bytesRead += read;
-                }
-            }
-            uploadDataSink.onReadSucceeded(false);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void rewind(UploadDataSink uploadDataSink) throws IOException {
-            getChannel().position(0);
-            uploadDataSink.onRewindSucceeded();
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Lazily initializes the channel so that a blocking operation isn't performed
-         * on a non-executor thread.
-         */
-        private FileChannel getChannel() throws IOException {
-            if (mChannel == null) {
-                synchronized (mLock) {
-                    if (mChannel == null) {
-                        mChannel = mProvider.getChannel();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return mChannel;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void close() throws IOException {
-            FileChannel channel = mChannel;
-            if (channel != null) {
-                channel.close();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static final class ByteBufferUploadProvider extends UploadDataProvider {
-        private final ByteBuffer mUploadBuffer;
-
-        private ByteBufferUploadProvider(ByteBuffer uploadBuffer) {
-            this.mUploadBuffer = uploadBuffer;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public long getLength() {
-            return mUploadBuffer.limit();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void read(UploadDataSink uploadDataSink, ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
-            if (!byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Cronet passed a buffer with no bytes remaining");
-            }
-            if (byteBuffer.remaining() >= mUploadBuffer.remaining()) {
-                byteBuffer.put(mUploadBuffer);
-            } else {
-                int oldLimit = mUploadBuffer.limit();
-                mUploadBuffer.limit(mUploadBuffer.position() + byteBuffer.remaining());
-                byteBuffer.put(mUploadBuffer);
-                mUploadBuffer.limit(oldLimit);
-            }
-            uploadDataSink.onReadSucceeded(false);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void rewind(UploadDataSink uploadDataSink) {
-            mUploadBuffer.position(0);
-            uploadDataSink.onRewindSucceeded();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Prevent instantiation
-    private UploadDataProviders() {}
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp b/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 63905c8..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
-}
-
-java_genrule {
-    name: "net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
-    tool_files: [
-        ":NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar{.jar}",
-        "jarjar_excludes.txt",
-    ],
-    tools: [
-        "jarjar-rules-generator",
-    ],
-    out: ["net_http_test_jarjar_rules.txt"],
-    cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
-        "$(location :NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar{.jar}) " +
-        "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
-        "--excludes $(location jarjar_excludes.txt) " +
-        "--output $(out)",
-}
-
-// Library to be used in coverage tests. cronet_java_tests can't be used directly because the common
-// tests need to inherit the NetHttpTests manifest.
-android_library {
-    name: "NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar",
-    static_libs: [
-        "cronet_aml_api_java",
-        "cronet_aml_java__testing",
-        "cronet_java_tests",
-    ],
-    sdk_version: "module_current",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-}
-
-android_test {
-     name: "NetHttpTests",
-     defaults: [
-        "mts-target-sdk-version-current",
-     ],
-     static_libs: ["NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar"],
-     jarjar_rules: ":net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
-     jni_libs: [
-        "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet__testing",
-        "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet_tests__testing",
-     ],
-     test_suites: [
-         "general-tests",
-         "mts-tethering",
-     ],
-}
-
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index f597134..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-          package="android.net.http.mts">
-
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
-
-    <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">
-        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
-    </application>
-    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
-                     android:targetPackage="android.net.http.mts"
-                     android:label="MTS tests of android.net.http">
-    </instrumentation>
-
-</manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d780a1..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<configuration description="Runs NetHttp Mainline Tests.">
-    <!-- Only run tests if the device under test is SDK version 30 or above. -->
-    <!-- TODO Switch back to Sdk30 when b/270049141 is fixed -->
-    <object type="module_controller"
-            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk31ModuleController" />
-
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
-        <option name="test-file-name" value="NetHttpTests.apk" />
-    </target_preparer>
-
-    <option name="test-tag" value="NetHttpTests" />
-    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
-        <option name="package" value="android.net.http.mts" />
-        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
-        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
-    </test>
-
-    <!-- Only run NetHttpTests in MTS if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
-    <object type="module_controller"
-            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
-        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
-    </object>
-</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt b/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a0ce5c2..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# Exclude some test prefixes, as they can't be found after being jarjared.
-com\.android\.testutils\..+
-# jarjar-gen can't handle some kotlin object expression, exclude packages that include them
-androidx\..+
-kotlin\.test\..+
-kotlin\.reflect\..+
-org\.mockito\..+
-# Do not jarjar the api classes
-android\.net\..+
-# cronet_tests.so is not jarjared and uses base classes. We can remove this when there's a
-# separate java base target to depend on.
-org\.chromium\.base\..+
-J\.cronet_tests_N(\$.+)?
-
-# Do not jarjar the tests and its utils as they also do JNI with cronet_tests.so
-org\.chromium\.net\..*Test.*(\$.+)?
-org\.chromium\.net\.NativeTestServer(\$.+)?
-org\.chromium\.net\.MockUrlRequestJobFactory(\$.+)?
-org\.chromium\.net\.QuicTestServer(\$.+)?
-org\.chromium\.net\.MockCertVerifier(\$.+)?
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index d44c36f..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-
-<network-security-config>
-    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
-        <!-- Used as the base URL by native test server (net::EmbeddedTestServer) -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">127.0.0.1</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testIOExceptionInterruptRethrown -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testBadIP -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">0.0.0.0</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testSetUseCachesFalse -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">host-cache-test-host</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testBadHostname -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">this-weird-host-name-does-not-exist</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetUrlRequestContextTest#testHostResolverRules -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">some-weird-hostname</domain>
-    </domain-config>
-</network-security-config>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky b/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky
deleted file mode 100644
index 61e3ba4..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-common_excludes = [
-    # Exclude all Android build files
-    "**/Android.bp",
-    "**/Android.mk",
-
-    # Exclude existing *OWNERS files
-    "**/*OWNERS",
-    "**/.git/**",
-    "**/.gitignore",
-]
-
-cronet_origin_files = glob(
-    include = [
-        "base/**",
-        "build/**",
-        "build/buildflag.h",
-        "chrome/VERSION",
-        "components/cronet/**",
-        "components/metrics/**",
-        "components/nacl/**",
-        "components/prefs/**",
-        "crypto/**",
-        "ipc/**",
-        "net/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "testing/**",
-        "url/**",
-        "LICENSE",
-    ],
-    exclude = common_excludes + [
-        # Per aosp/2367109
-        "build/android/CheckInstallApk-debug.apk",
-        "build/android/unused_resources/**",
-        "build/linux/**",
-
-        # Per aosp/2374766
-        "components/cronet/ios/**",
-        "components/cronet/native/**",
-
-        # Per aosp/2399270
-        "testing/buildbot/**",
-
-        # Exclude all third-party directories. Those are specified explicitly
-        # below, so no dependency can accidentally creep in.
-        "**/third_party/**",
-    ],
-) + glob(
-    # Explicitly include third-party dependencies.
-    # Note: some third-party dependencies include a third_party folder within
-    # them. So far, this has not become a problem.
-    include = [
-        "base/third_party/cityhash/**",
-        "base/third_party/cityhash_v103/**",
-        "base/third_party/double_conversion/**",
-        "base/third_party/dynamic_annotations/**",
-        "base/third_party/icu/**",
-        "base/third_party/nspr/**",
-        "base/third_party/superfasthash/**",
-        "base/third_party/valgrind/**",
-        # Those are temporarily needed until Chromium finish the migration
-        # of libc++[abi]
-        "buildtools/third_party/libc++/**",
-        "buildtools/third_party/libc++abi/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "net/third_party/nist-pkits/**",
-        "net/third_party/quiche/**",
-        "net/third_party/uri_template/**",
-        "third_party/abseil-cpp/**",
-        "third_party/android_ndk/sources/android/cpufeatures/**",
-        "third_party/ashmem/**",
-        "third_party/boringssl/**",
-        "third_party/brotli/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/ced/**",
-        "third_party/cpu_features/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/google_benchmark/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/googletest/**",
-        "third_party/icu/**",
-        "third_party/jni_zero/**",
-        "third_party/libc++/**",
-        "third_party/libc++abi/**",
-        "third_party/libevent/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/libxml/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/lss/**",
-        "third_party/metrics_proto/**",
-        "third_party/modp_b64/**",
-        "third_party/protobuf/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/quic_trace/**",
-        # Note: Cronet currently uses Android's zlib
-        # "third_party/zlib/**",
-        "url/third_party/mozilla/**",
-    ],
-    exclude = common_excludes,
-)
-
-core.workflow(
-    name = "import_cronet",
-    authoring = authoring.overwrite("Cronet Mainline Eng <cronet-mainline-eng+copybara@google.com>"),
-    # Origin folder is specified via source_ref argument, see import_cronet.sh
-    origin = folder.origin(),
-    origin_files = cronet_origin_files,
-    destination = git.destination(
-        # The destination URL is set by the invoking script.
-        url = "overwritten/by/script",
-        push = "upstream-import",
-    ),
-    mode = "SQUASH",
-)
diff --git a/Cronet/tools/import/import_cronet.sh b/Cronet/tools/import/import_cronet.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 0f04af7..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tools/import/import_cronet.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Script to invoke copybara locally to import Cronet into Android.
-# Inputs:
-#  Environment:
-#   ANDROID_BUILD_TOP: path the root of the current Android directory.
-#  Arguments:
-#   -l rev: The last revision that was imported.
-#  Optional Arguments:
-#   -n rev: The new revision to import.
-#   -f: Force copybara to ignore a failure to find the last imported revision.
-
-set -e -x
-
-OPTSTRING=fl:n:
-
-usage() {
-    cat <<EOF
-Usage: import_cronet.sh -n new-rev [-l last-rev] [-f]
-EOF
-    exit 1
-}
-
-COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN="/tmp/copybara-origin"
-
-#######################################
-# Create local upstream-import branch in external/cronet.
-# Globals:
-#   ANDROID_BUILD_TOP
-# Arguments:
-#   none
-#######################################
-setup_upstream_import_branch() {
-    local git_dir="${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/external/cronet"
-
-    (cd "${git_dir}" && git fetch aosp upstream-import:upstream-import)
-}
-
-#######################################
-# Setup folder.origin for copybara inside /tmp
-# Globals:
-#   COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN
-# Arguments:
-#   new_rev, string
-#######################################
-setup_folder_origin() (
-    local _new_rev=$1
-    mkdir -p "${COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN}"
-    cd "${COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN}"
-
-    if [ -d src ]; then
-        (cd src && git fetch --tags && git checkout "${_new_rev}")
-    else
-        # For this to work _new_rev must be a branch or a tag.
-        git clone --depth=1 --branch "${_new_rev}" https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git
-    fi
-
-
-    cat <<EOF >.gclient
-solutions = [
-  {
-    "name": "src",
-    "url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git",
-    "managed": False,
-    "custom_deps": {},
-    "custom_vars": {},
-  },
-]
-target_os = ["android"]
-EOF
-    cd src
-    # Set appropriate gclient flags to speed up syncing.
-    gclient sync \
-        --no-history \
-        --shallow \
-        --delete_unversioned_trees
-)
-
-#######################################
-# Runs the copybara import of Chromium
-# Globals:
-#   ANDROID_BUILD_TOP
-#   COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN
-# Arguments:
-#   last_rev, string or empty
-#   force, string or empty
-#######################################
-do_run_copybara() {
-    local _last_rev=$1
-    local _force=$2
-
-    local -a flags
-    flags+=(--git-destination-url="file://${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/external/cronet")
-    flags+=(--repo-timeout 3m)
-
-    # buildtools/third_party/libc++ contains an invalid symlink
-    flags+=(--folder-origin-ignore-invalid-symlinks)
-    flags+=(--git-no-verify)
-
-    if [ ! -z "${_force}" ]; then
-        flags+=(--force)
-    fi
-
-    if [ ! -z "${_last_rev}" ]; then
-        flags+=(--last-rev "${_last_rev}")
-    fi
-
-    /google/bin/releases/copybara/public/copybara/copybara \
-        "${flags[@]}" \
-        "${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/packages/modules/Connectivity/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky" \
-        import_cronet "${COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN}/src"
-}
-
-while getopts $OPTSTRING opt; do
-    case "${opt}" in
-        f) force=true ;;
-        l) last_rev="${OPTARG}" ;;
-        n) new_rev="${OPTARG}" ;;
-        ?) usage ;;
-        *) echo "'${opt}' '${OPTARG}'"
-    esac
-done
-
-if [ -z "${new_rev}" ]; then
-    echo "-n argument required"
-    usage
-fi
-
-setup_upstream_import_branch
-setup_folder_origin "${new_rev}"
-do_run_copybara "${last_rev}" "${force}"
-
diff --git a/DnsResolver/Android.bp b/DnsResolver/Android.bp
index d133034..716eb10 100644
--- a/DnsResolver/Android.bp
+++ b/DnsResolver/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -56,7 +57,10 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "dns_helper_unit_test",
     defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
     test_config_template: ":net_native_test_config_template",
     header_libs: [
         "bpf_connectivity_headers",
@@ -68,8 +72,8 @@
         "libcom.android.tethering.dns_helper",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-       "libbase",
-       "libcutils",
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
     ],
     compile_multilib: "both",
     multilib: {
diff --git a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp
index 37c46ca..0719ade 100644
--- a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp
+++ b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp
@@ -62,16 +62,25 @@
   if (isBlockedByUidRules(enabledRules.value(), uidRules)) return true;
 
   // For data saver.
-  if (!metered) return false;
+  // DataSaverEnabled map on V+ platforms is the only reliable source of information about the
+  // current data saver status. While ConnectivityService offers two ways to update this map for U
+  // and V+, the U- platform implementation can have delays, potentially leading to inaccurate
+  // results. Conversely, the V+ platform implementation is synchronized with the actual data saver
+  // state, making it a trustworthy source. Since this library primarily serves DNS resolvers,
+  // relying solely on V+ data prevents erroneous blocking of DNS queries.
+  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() && metered) {
+    // The background data setting (PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH, PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH) and
+    // unrestricted data usage setting (HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) for individual apps override the system
+    // wide Data Saver setting.
+    if (uidRules & (PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH)) return true;
+    if (uidRules & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) return false;
 
-  // The background data setting (PENALTY_BOX_MATCH) and unrestricted data usage setting
-  // (HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) for individual apps override the system wide Data Saver setting.
-  if (uidRules & PENALTY_BOX_MATCH) return true;
-  if (uidRules & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) return false;
+    auto dataSaverSetting = mDataSaverEnabledMap.readValue(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY);
+    RETURN_IF_RESULT_NOT_OK(dataSaverSetting);
+    return dataSaverSetting.value();
+  }
 
-  auto dataSaverSetting = mDataSaverEnabledMap.readValue(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY);
-  RETURN_IF_RESULT_NOT_OK(dataSaverSetting);
-  return dataSaverSetting.value();
+  return false;
 }
 
 }  // namespace net
diff --git a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp
index 67b5b95..18a5df4 100644
--- a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp
+++ b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp
@@ -158,23 +158,33 @@
     }
   } testConfigs[]{
     // clang-format off
-    // enabledRules, dataSaverEnabled, uidRules,                                        blocked
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            NO_MATCH,                                        false},
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                               true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                 false},
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             NO_MATCH,                                        true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                               true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                 false},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH,                                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                 true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH,                                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                 true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
+    // enabledRules, dataSaverEnabled, uidRules,                                            blocked
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            NO_MATCH,                                             false},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                               true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,        true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                      false},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             NO_MATCH,                                              true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                               true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,        true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                      false},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH,                                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                 true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH,                                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                 true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
     // clang-format on
   };
 
diff --git a/DnsResolver/include/DnsHelperPublic.h b/DnsResolver/include/DnsHelperPublic.h
index 7c9fc9e..44b0012 100644
--- a/DnsResolver/include/DnsHelperPublic.h
+++ b/DnsResolver/include/DnsHelperPublic.h
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
  * Perform any required initialization - including opening any required BPF maps. This function
  * needs to be called before using other functions of this library.
  *
- * Returns 0 on success, a negative POSIX error code (see errno.h) on other failures.
+ * Returns 0 on success, -EOPNOTSUPP when the function is called on the Android version before
+ * T. Returns a negative POSIX error code (see errno.h) on other failures.
  */
 int ADnsHelper_init();
 
@@ -36,7 +37,9 @@
  * |uid| is a Linux/Android UID to be queried. It is a combination of UserID and AppID.
  * |metered| indicates whether the uid is currently using a billing network.
  *
- * Returns 0(false)/1(true) on success, a negative POSIX error code (see errno.h) on other failures.
+ * Returns 0(false)/1(true) on success, -EUNATCH when the ADnsHelper_init is not called before
+ * calling this function. Returns a negative POSIX error code (see errno.h) on other failures
+ * that return from bpf syscall.
  */
 int ADnsHelper_isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid_t uid, bool metered);
 
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking b/OWNERS_core_networking
index 6d17476..6d8ed4a 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking
@@ -1,21 +1,12 @@
-chiachangwang@google.com
-cken@google.com
-huangaaron@google.com
 jchalard@google.com
 junyulai@google.com
-lifr@google.com
 lorenzo@google.com
-lucaslin@google.com
-markchien@google.com
 martinwu@google.com
 maze@google.com
 motomuman@google.com
-nuccachen@google.com
 paulhu@google.com
 prohr@google.com
 reminv@google.com
 satk@google.com
-waynema@google.com
 xiaom@google.com
-yumike@google.com
 yuyanghuang@google.com
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
index 7612210..b24e3ac 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 # For cherry-picks of CLs that are already merged in aosp/master, or flaky test fixes.
 jchalard@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
+# In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for APF firmware tests
+# (to verify correct behaviour of the wifi APF interpreter)
 maze@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
 # In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for incremental changes on NsdManager tests
 # to increase coverage for existing behavior, and testing of bug fixes in NsdManager
diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index ab3ed66..4cf93a8 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -1,4 +1,140 @@
 {
+  "captiveportal-networkstack-resolve-tethering-mainline-presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk30",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk31",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk33",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "connectivity_native_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "netd_updatable_unit_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsTetheringTestLatestSdk",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "captiveportal-networkstack-mainline-presubmit": [
+    // Test with APK modules only, in cases where APEX is not supported, or the other modules
+    // were simply not updated
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.DnsResolverModuleTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "tethering-mainline-presubmit": [
+    // Test with connectivity/tethering module only, to catch integration issues with older versions
+    // of other modules. "new tethering + old NetworkStack" is not a configuration that should
+    // really exist in the field, but there is no strong guarantee, and it is required by MTS
+    // testing for module qualification, where modules are tested independently.
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.DnsResolverModuleTest"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
   "presubmit": [
     {
       "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests",
@@ -104,19 +240,6 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
-    },
-    // Runs both NetHttpTests and CtsNetHttpTestCases
-    {
-      "name": "NetHttpCoverageTests",
-      "options": [
-        {
-          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
-        },
-        {
-          // These sometimes take longer than 1 min which is the presubmit timeout
-          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.LargeTest"
-        }
-      ]
     }
   ],
   "postsubmit": [
@@ -144,9 +267,6 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "NetHttpCoverageTests"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
@@ -246,6 +366,9 @@
         },
         {
           "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.DnsResolverModuleTest"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest"
         }
       ]
     },
@@ -270,18 +393,6 @@
       "name": "libnetworkstats_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     },
     {
-      "name": "NetHttpCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
-      "options": [
-        {
-          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
-        },
-        {
-          // These sometimes take longer than 1 min which is the presubmit timeout
-          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.LargeTest"
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
       "name": "CtsTetheringTestLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
       "options": [
         {
@@ -329,6 +440,9 @@
       "path": "packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin"
     },
     {
+      "path": "external/cronet"
+    },
+    {
       "path": "vendor/xts/gts-tests/hostsidetests/networkstack"
     }
   ]
diff --git a/Tethering/Android.bp b/Tethering/Android.bp
index dd60be7..e84573b 100644
--- a/Tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -73,6 +74,8 @@
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
         "net-utils-device-common-ip",
         "net-utils-device-common-netlink",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
         "netd-client",
         "tetheringstatsprotos",
     ],
@@ -81,7 +84,9 @@
         "framework-tethering.impl",
     ],
     manifest: "AndroidManifestBase.xml",
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        error_checks: ["NewApi"],
+    },
 }
 
 // build tethering static library, used to compile both variants of the tethering.
@@ -91,14 +96,15 @@
         "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
         "TetheringAndroidLibraryDefaults",
         "TetheringApiLevel",
-        "TetheringReleaseTargetSdk"
+        "TetheringReleaseTargetSdk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "NetworkStackApiCurrentShims",
-        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
     ],
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
 
 android_library {
@@ -106,20 +112,21 @@
     defaults: [
         "TetheringAndroidLibraryDefaults",
         "TetheringApiLevel",
-        "TetheringReleaseTargetSdk"
+        "TetheringReleaseTargetSdk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "NetworkStackApiStableShims",
-        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
     ],
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
 
 // Due to b/143733063, APK can't access a jni lib that is in APEX (but not in the APK).
 cc_library {
     name: "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
-    sdk_version: "30",
+    sdk_version: "current",
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
@@ -186,20 +193,21 @@
     optimize: {
         proguard_flags_files: ["proguard.flags"],
     },
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
 }
 
 // Updatable tethering packaged for finalized API
 android_app {
     name: "Tethering",
-    defaults: ["TetheringAppDefaults", "TetheringApiLevel"],
+    defaults: [
+        "TetheringAppDefaults",
+        "TetheringApiLevel",
+    ],
     static_libs: ["TetheringApiStableLib"],
     certificate: "networkstack",
     manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
     use_embedded_native_libs: true,
     privapp_allowlist: ":privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
 }
 
 android_app {
@@ -215,7 +223,9 @@
     use_embedded_native_libs: true,
     privapp_allowlist: ":privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        error_checks: ["NewApi"],
+    },
 }
 
 sdk {
@@ -233,7 +243,9 @@
 
 java_library_static {
     name: "tetheringstatsprotos",
-    proto: {type: "lite"},
+    proto: {
+        type: "lite",
+    },
     srcs: [
         "src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/stats.proto",
     ],
@@ -246,6 +258,6 @@
     name: "statslog-tethering-java-gen",
     tools: ["stats-log-api-gen"],
     cmd: "$(location stats-log-api-gen) --java $(out) --module network_tethering" +
-         " --javaPackage com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics --javaClass TetheringStatsLog",
+        " --javaPackage com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics --javaClass TetheringStatsLog",
     out: ["com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringStatsLog.java"],
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index ee44f3c..304a6ed 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
     name: "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
     enabled: true,
 }
+
 java_defaults {
     name: "NetworkStackApiShimSettingsForCurrentBranch",
     // API shims to include in the networking modules built from the branch. Branches that disable
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@
     // (X_current API level).
     static_libs: ["NetworkStackApiCurrentShims"],
 }
+
 apex_defaults {
     name: "ConnectivityApexDefaults",
     // Tethering app to include in the AOSP apex. Branches that disable the "next" targets may use
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@
     // package names and keys, so that apex will be unused anyway.
     apps: ["TetheringNext"], // Replace to "Tethering" if ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults is false.
 }
+
 enable_tethering_next_apex = true
 // This is a placeholder comment to avoid merge conflicts
 // as the above target may have different "enabled" values
@@ -50,16 +54,6 @@
         "//external/cronet/third_party/boringssl:libcrypto",
         "//external/cronet/third_party/boringssl:libssl",
     ],
-    arch: {
-        riscv64: {
-            // TODO: remove this when there is a riscv64 libcronet
-            exclude_jni_libs: [
-                "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet",
-                "//external/cronet/third_party/boringssl:libcrypto",
-                "//external/cronet/third_party/boringssl:libssl",
-            ],
-        },
-    },
 }
 
 apex {
@@ -80,6 +74,7 @@
         first: {
             jni_libs: [
                 "libservice-connectivity",
+                "libservice-thread-jni",
                 "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
             ],
             native_shared_libs: [
@@ -91,7 +86,7 @@
         both: {
             jni_libs: [
                 "libframework-connectivity-jni",
-                "libframework-connectivity-tiramisu-jni"
+                "libframework-connectivity-tiramisu-jni",
             ],
         },
     },
@@ -108,16 +103,18 @@
         "dscpPolicy.o",
         "netd.o",
         "offload.o",
-        "offload@btf.o",
+        "offload@mainline.o",
         "test.o",
-        "test@btf.o",
+        "test@mainline.o",
     ],
     apps: [
         "ServiceConnectivityResources",
     ],
     prebuilts: [
-        "ot-daemon.init.34rc",
         "current_sdkinfo",
+        "netbpfload.mainline.rc",
+        "netbpfload.35rc",
+        "ot-daemon.init.34rc",
     ],
     manifest: "manifest.json",
     key: "com.android.tethering.key",
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/permissions/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/permissions/Android.bp
index 69c1aa2..20772a8 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/permissions/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/permissions/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
     default_visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering:__subpackages__"],
 }
@@ -22,4 +23,4 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
     srcs: ["permissions.xml"],
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
index c26c32f..9fa073b 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@
     name: "framework-tethering",
     defaults: [
         "framework-tethering-defaults",
-        "FlaggedApiDefaults",
     ],
     impl_library_visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering:__subpackages__",
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
-        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
         "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin/tests",
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/staticlibs/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/thread/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Wifi/service/tests/wifitests",
@@ -55,14 +56,19 @@
 
     hostdex: true, // for hiddenapi check
     permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+    },
+    aconfig_declarations: [
+        "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+    ],
 }
 
 java_library {
-  name: "framework-tethering-pre-jarjar",
-  defaults: [
-    "framework-tethering-defaults",
-  ],
+    name: "framework-tethering-pre-jarjar",
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-tethering-defaults",
+    ],
 }
 
 java_genrule {
@@ -88,7 +94,7 @@
     name: "framework-tethering-defaults",
     defaults: ["framework-module-defaults"],
     srcs: [
-      ":framework-tethering-srcs"
+        ":framework-tethering-srcs",
     ],
     libs: ["framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib"],
     aidl: {
@@ -107,5 +113,5 @@
         "src/**/*.aidl",
         "src/**/*.java",
     ],
-    path: "src"
+    path: "src",
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/lint-baseline.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/lint-baseline.txt
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d09598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
+BroadcastBehavior: android.net.TetheringManager#ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED:
+    Field 'ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED' is missing @BroadcastBehavior
+
+
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener):
+    Method 'requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#startTethering(android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback):
+    Method 'startTethering' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#startTethering(int, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback):
+    Method 'startTethering' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#stopAllTethering():
+    Method 'stopAllTethering' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#stopTethering(int):
+    Method 'stopTethering' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+
+
+SdkConstant: android.net.TetheringManager#ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED:
+    Field 'ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED' is missing @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+
+
+Todo: android.net.TetheringConstants:
+    Documentation mentions 'TODO'
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
index 844ff64..a287b42 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
@@ -95,13 +95,16 @@
     method public default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable android.net.Network);
   }
 
-  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest {
+  public static final class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") public int describeContents();
     method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address();
     method public int getConnectivityScope();
     method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address();
     method public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi();
     method public int getTetheringType();
     method public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest> CREATOR;
   }
 
   public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-lint-baseline.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e678ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
+BroadcastBehavior: android.net.TetheringManager#ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED:
+    Field 'ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED' is missing @BroadcastBehavior
+
+
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener):
+    Method 'requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#startTethering(android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback):
+    Method 'startTethering' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#stopAllTethering():
+    Method 'stopAllTethering' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.TetheringManager#stopTethering(int):
+    Method 'stopTethering' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+
+
+SdkConstant: android.net.TetheringManager#ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED:
+    Field 'ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED' is missing @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
index cd914d3..7b769d4 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
 
 import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -59,6 +62,14 @@
  */
 @SystemApi
 public class TetheringManager {
+    // TODO : remove this class when udc-mainline-prod is abandoned and android.net.flags.Flags is
+    // available here
+    /** @hide */
+    public static class Flags {
+        static final String TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG =
+                "com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config";
+    }
+
     private static final String TAG = TetheringManager.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
     private static final long CONNECTOR_POLL_INTERVAL_MILLIS = 200L;
@@ -673,14 +684,44 @@
     /**
      *  Use with {@link #startTethering} to specify additional parameters when starting tethering.
      */
-    public static class TetheringRequest {
+    public static final class TetheringRequest implements Parcelable {
         /** A configuration set for TetheringRequest. */
         private final TetheringRequestParcel mRequestParcel;
 
-        private TetheringRequest(final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
+        private TetheringRequest(@NonNull final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
             mRequestParcel = request;
         }
 
+        private TetheringRequest(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+            mRequestParcel = in.readParcelable(TetheringRequestParcel.class.getClassLoader());
+        }
+
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @NonNull
+        public static final Creator<TetheringRequest> CREATOR = new Creator<>() {
+            @Override
+            public TetheringRequest createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+                return new TetheringRequest(in);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public TetheringRequest[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new TetheringRequest[size];
+            }
+        };
+
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @Override
+        public int describeContents() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @Override
+        public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+            dest.writeParcelable(mRequestParcel, flags);
+        }
+
         /** Builder used to create TetheringRequest. */
         public static class Builder {
             private final TetheringRequestParcel mBuilderParcel;
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 460c216..0000000
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.net {
-
-  public final class TetheringConstants {
-    field public static final String EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE = "extraAddTetherType";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK = "extraProvisionCallback";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE = "extraRemTetherType";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION = "extraRunProvision";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_SET_ALARM = "extraSetAlarm";
-  }
-
-  public class TetheringManager {
-    ctor public TetheringManager(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.util.function.Supplier<android.os.IBinder>);
-    method public int getLastTetherError(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
-    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableIfaces();
-    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableUsbRegexs();
-    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableWifiRegexs();
-    method @NonNull public String[] getTetheredIfaces();
-    method @NonNull public String[] getTetheringErroredIfaces();
-    method public boolean isTetheringSupported();
-    method public boolean isTetheringSupported(@NonNull String);
-    method public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, @NonNull android.os.ResultReceiver, boolean);
-    method @Deprecated public int setUsbTethering(boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void startTethering(int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
-    method @Deprecated public int tether(@NonNull String);
-    method @Deprecated public int untether(@NonNull String);
-  }
-
-  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback {
-    method public void onAvailable(@NonNull String);
-    method public void onUnavailable();
-  }
-
-  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest {
-    method public void release();
-  }
-
-  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
-    method @Deprecated public default void onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps);
-  }
-
-  @Deprecated public static class TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps {
-    method @Deprecated @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
-    method @Deprecated @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getTetherableUsbRegexs();
-    method @Deprecated @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getTetherableWifiRegexs();
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/removed.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 844ff64..0000000
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.net {
-
-  public final class TetheredClient implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public TetheredClient(@NonNull android.net.MacAddress, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo>, int);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo> getAddresses();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.MacAddress getMacAddress();
-    method public int getTetheringType();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheredClient> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class TetheredClient.AddressInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkAddress getAddress();
-    method @Nullable public String getHostname();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class TetheringInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
-    method public int getType();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringInterface> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public class TetheringManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void startTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopAllTethering();
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopTethering(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE}) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
-    field @Deprecated public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED";
-    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = "android.net.extra.ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = "tetherArray";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER = "availableArray";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER = "erroredArray";
-    field public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TETHERING_ETHERNET = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int TETHERING_INVALID = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13; // 0xd
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10; // 0xa
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15; // 0xf
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14; // 0xe
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16; // 0x10
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7; // 0x7
-    field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public static interface TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener {
-    method public void onTetheringEntitlementResult(int);
-  }
-
-  public static interface TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
-    method public default void onTetheringFailed(int);
-    method public default void onTetheringStarted();
-  }
-
-  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
-    method public default void onClientsChanged(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.TetheredClient>);
-    method public default void onError(@NonNull String, int);
-    method public default void onError(@NonNull android.net.TetheringInterface, int);
-    method public default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
-    method public default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
-    method public default void onOffloadStatusChanged(int);
-    method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
-    method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
-    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
-    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
-    method public default void onTetheringSupported(boolean);
-    method public default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-  }
-
-  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest {
-    method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address();
-    method public int getConnectivityScope();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address();
-    method public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi();
-    method public int getTetheringType();
-    method public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck();
-  }
-
-  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
-    ctor public TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest build();
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setConnectivityScope(int);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(boolean);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setShouldShowEntitlementUi(boolean);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setStaticIpv4Addresses(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress, @NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp b/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
index ed80128..fd40d41 100644
--- a/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
+++ b/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
 int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator(JNIEnv* env);
-int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils(JNIEnv* env);
 
 extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
diff --git a/Tethering/lint-baseline.xml b/Tethering/lint-baseline.xml
index 37511c6..4f92c9c 100644
--- a/Tethering/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/Tethering/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<issues format="6" by="lint 8.0.0-dev" type="baseline" dependencies="true" variant="all" version="8.0.0-dev">
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha01" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha01">
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
         errorLine2="                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java"
-            line="293"
+            line="283"
             column="44"/>
     </issue>
 
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
index 35e6453..4696a72 100644
--- a/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
     <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="2338023450330652098">"Тууралоо үчүн басыңыз."</string>
     <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3183576627492925522">"Модем режими өчүк"</string>
     <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6655882039707534929">"Кеңири маалымат үчүн администраторуңузга кайрылыңыз"</string>
-    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="7030733422705019001">"Хотспот жана байланыш түйүнүүн статусу"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="7030733422705019001">"Байланыш түйүнү жана байланыш түйүнүүн статусу"</string>
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="2052743091868702475"></string>
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6932020551635470134"></string>
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8836277213343697023"></string>
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index 79d9a23..9e0c970 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
@@ -136,8 +137,8 @@
     private static final MacAddress NULL_MAC_ADDRESS = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00");
 
     private static final String TAG = "IpServer";
-    private static final boolean DBG = false;
-    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    private static final boolean DBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
+    private static final boolean VDBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE);
     private static final Class[] sMessageClasses = {
             IpServer.class
     };
@@ -838,7 +839,7 @@
 
     private void addInterfaceToNetwork(final int netId, @NonNull final String ifaceName) {
         try {
-            if (null != mRoutingCoordinator.value) {
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && null != mRoutingCoordinator.value) {
                 // TODO : remove this call in favor of using the LocalNetworkConfiguration
                 // correctly, which will let ConnectivityService do it automatically.
                 mRoutingCoordinator.value.addInterfaceToNetwork(netId, ifaceName);
@@ -852,7 +853,7 @@
 
     private void addInterfaceForward(@NonNull final String fromIface,
             @NonNull final String toIface) throws ServiceSpecificException, RemoteException {
-        if (null != mRoutingCoordinator.value) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && null != mRoutingCoordinator.value) {
             mRoutingCoordinator.value.addInterfaceForward(fromIface, toIface);
         } else {
             mNetd.tetherAddForward(fromIface, toIface);
@@ -862,7 +863,7 @@
 
     private void removeInterfaceForward(@NonNull final String fromIface,
             @NonNull final String toIface) {
-        if (null != mRoutingCoordinator.value) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && null != mRoutingCoordinator.value) {
             try {
                 mRoutingCoordinator.value.removeInterfaceForward(fromIface, toIface);
             } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
@@ -899,7 +900,7 @@
     }
 
     private void configureLocalIPv6Routes(
-            HashSet<IpPrefix> deprecatedPrefixes, HashSet<IpPrefix> newPrefixes) {
+            ArraySet<IpPrefix> deprecatedPrefixes, ArraySet<IpPrefix> newPrefixes) {
         // [1] Remove the routes that are deprecated.
         if (!deprecatedPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
             removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, deprecatedPrefixes));
@@ -907,7 +908,7 @@
 
         // [2] Add only the routes that have not previously been added.
         if (newPrefixes != null && !newPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
-            HashSet<IpPrefix> addedPrefixes = (HashSet) newPrefixes.clone();
+            ArraySet<IpPrefix> addedPrefixes = new ArraySet<IpPrefix>(newPrefixes);
             if (mLastRaParams != null) {
                 addedPrefixes.removeAll(mLastRaParams.prefixes);
             }
@@ -919,7 +920,7 @@
     }
 
     private void configureLocalIPv6Dns(
-            HashSet<Inet6Address> deprecatedDnses, HashSet<Inet6Address> newDnses) {
+            ArraySet<Inet6Address> deprecatedDnses, ArraySet<Inet6Address> newDnses) {
         // TODO: Is this really necessary? Can we not fail earlier if INetd cannot be located?
         if (mNetd == null) {
             if (newDnses != null) newDnses.clear();
@@ -940,7 +941,7 @@
 
         // [2] Add only the local DNS IP addresses that have not previously been added.
         if (newDnses != null && !newDnses.isEmpty()) {
-            final HashSet<Inet6Address> addedDnses = (HashSet) newDnses.clone();
+            final ArraySet<Inet6Address> addedDnses = new ArraySet<Inet6Address>(newDnses);
             if (mLastRaParams != null) {
                 addedDnses.removeAll(mLastRaParams.dnses);
             }
@@ -1547,7 +1548,7 @@
     // Accumulate routes representing "prefixes to be assigned to the local
     // interface", for subsequent modification of local_network routing.
     private static ArrayList<RouteInfo> getLocalRoutesFor(
-            String ifname, HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+            String ifname, ArraySet<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
         final ArrayList<RouteInfo> localRoutes = new ArrayList<RouteInfo>();
         for (IpPrefix ipp : prefixes) {
             localRoutes.add(new RouteInfo(ipp, null, ifname, RTN_UNICAST));
@@ -1578,8 +1579,8 @@
     /** Get IPv6 prefixes from LinkProperties */
     @NonNull
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static HashSet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull Collection<LinkAddress> addrs) {
-        final HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes = new HashSet<>();
+    static ArraySet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull Collection<LinkAddress> addrs) {
+        final ArraySet<IpPrefix> prefixes = new ArraySet<>();
         for (LinkAddress linkAddr : addrs) {
             if (linkAddr.getPrefixLength() != RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH) continue;
             prefixes.add(new IpPrefix(linkAddr.getAddress(), RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH));
@@ -1588,7 +1589,7 @@
     }
 
     @NonNull
-    private HashSet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
+    private ArraySet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
         return getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(lp.getLinkAddresses());
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
index 50d6c4b..d848ea8 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.StructTimeval;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
@@ -134,23 +135,23 @@
         public boolean hasDefaultRoute;
         public byte hopLimit;
         public int mtu;
-        public HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes;
-        public HashSet<Inet6Address> dnses;
+        public ArraySet<IpPrefix> prefixes;
+        public ArraySet<Inet6Address> dnses;
 
         public RaParams() {
             hasDefaultRoute = false;
             hopLimit = DEFAULT_HOPLIMIT;
             mtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU;
-            prefixes = new HashSet<IpPrefix>();
-            dnses = new HashSet<Inet6Address>();
+            prefixes = new ArraySet<IpPrefix>();
+            dnses = new ArraySet<Inet6Address>();
         }
 
         public RaParams(RaParams other) {
             hasDefaultRoute = other.hasDefaultRoute;
             hopLimit = other.hopLimit;
             mtu = other.mtu;
-            prefixes = (HashSet) other.prefixes.clone();
-            dnses = (HashSet) other.dnses.clone();
+            prefixes = new ArraySet<IpPrefix>(other.prefixes);
+            dnses = new ArraySet<Inet6Address>(other.dnses);
         }
 
         /**
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 2b14a42..00d9152 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
@@ -90,7 +89,6 @@
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -380,7 +378,7 @@
             if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_MAP_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
+                    Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create downstream4 map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -392,7 +390,7 @@
             if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_UPSTREAM4_MAP_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
+                    Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create upstream4 map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -404,7 +402,7 @@
             if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
+                    TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create downstream6 map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -415,7 +413,7 @@
         @Nullable public IBpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> getBpfUpstream6Map() {
             if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_UPSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_UPSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
                         TetherUpstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create upstream6 map: " + e);
@@ -428,7 +426,7 @@
             if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_STATS_MAP_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherStatsKey.class, TetherStatsValue.class);
+                    TetherStatsKey.class, TetherStatsValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create stats map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -440,7 +438,7 @@
             if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_LIMIT_MAP_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherLimitKey.class, TetherLimitValue.class);
+                    TetherLimitKey.class, TetherLimitValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create limit map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -452,7 +450,7 @@
             if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DEV_MAP_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherDevKey.class, TetherDevValue.class);
+                    TetherDevKey.class, TetherDevValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create dev map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -1258,12 +1256,18 @@
         pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
 
-    private IpPrefix longToPrefix(long ip64) {
-        final ByteBuffer prefixBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(IPV6_ADDR_LEN);
-        prefixBuffer.putLong(ip64);
+    /**
+     * Returns a /64 IpPrefix corresponding to the passed in byte array
+     *
+     * @param ip64 byte array to convert format
+     * @return the converted IpPrefix
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static IpPrefix bytesToPrefix(final byte[] ip64) {
         IpPrefix sourcePrefix;
+        byte[] prefixBytes = Arrays.copyOf(ip64, IPV6_ADDR_LEN);
         try {
-            sourcePrefix = new IpPrefix(InetAddress.getByAddress(prefixBuffer.array()), 64);
+            sourcePrefix = new IpPrefix(InetAddress.getByAddress(prefixBytes), 64);
         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
             // Cannot happen. InetAddress.getByAddress can only throw an exception if the byte array
             // is the wrong length, but we allocate it with fixed length IPV6_ADDR_LEN.
@@ -1274,7 +1278,7 @@
 
     private String ipv6UpstreamRuleToString(TetherUpstream6Key key, Tether6Value value) {
         return String.format("%d(%s) [%s] [%s] -> %d(%s) %04x [%s] [%s]",
-                key.iif, getIfName(key.iif), key.dstMac, longToPrefix(key.src64), value.oif,
+                key.iif, getIfName(key.iif), key.dstMac, bytesToPrefix(key.src64), value.oif,
                 getIfName(value.oif), value.ethProto, value.ethSrcMac, value.ethDstMac);
     }
 
@@ -1338,19 +1342,6 @@
         pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
 
-    private <K extends Struct, V extends Struct> void dumpRawMap(IBpfMap<K, V> map,
-            IndentingPrintWriter pw) throws ErrnoException {
-        if (map == null) {
-            pw.println("No BPF support");
-            return;
-        }
-        if (map.isEmpty()) {
-            pw.println("No entries");
-            return;
-        }
-        map.forEach((k, v) -> pw.println(BpfDump.toBase64EncodedString(k, v)));
-    }
-
     /**
      * Dump raw BPF map into the base64 encoded strings "<base64 key>,<base64 value>".
      * Allow to dump only one map path once. For test only.
@@ -1370,16 +1361,16 @@
         // TODO: dump downstream4 map.
         if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, DUMPSYS_RAWMAP_ARG_STATS)) {
             try (IBpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> statsMap = mDeps.getBpfStatsMap()) {
-                dumpRawMap(statsMap, pw);
-            } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+                BpfDump.dumpRawMap(statsMap, pw);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
                 pw.println("Error dumping stats map: " + e);
             }
             return;
         }
         if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, DUMPSYS_RAWMAP_ARG_UPSTREAM4)) {
             try (IBpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> upstreamMap = mDeps.getBpfUpstream4Map()) {
-                dumpRawMap(upstreamMap, pw);
-            } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+                BpfDump.dumpRawMap(upstreamMap, pw);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
                 pw.println("Error dumping IPv4 map: " + e);
             }
             return;
@@ -1570,7 +1561,7 @@
          */
         @NonNull
         public TetherUpstream6Key makeTetherUpstream6Key() {
-            long prefix64 = ByteBuffer.wrap(sourcePrefix.getRawAddress()).getLong();
+            final byte[] prefix64 = Arrays.copyOf(sourcePrefix.getRawAddress(), 8);
             return new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac, prefix64);
         }
 
@@ -1597,10 +1588,8 @@
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
-            // TODO: if this is ever used in production code, don't pass ifindices
-            // to Objects.hash() to avoid autoboxing overhead.
-            return Objects.hash(upstreamIfindex, downstreamIfindex, sourcePrefix, inDstMac,
-                    outSrcMac, outDstMac);
+            return 13 * upstreamIfindex + 41 * downstreamIfindex
+                    + Objects.hash(sourcePrefix, inDstMac, outSrcMac, outDstMac);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -1725,9 +1714,8 @@
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
-            // TODO: if this is ever used in production code, don't pass ifindices
-            // to Objects.hash() to avoid autoboxing overhead.
-            return Objects.hash(upstreamIfindex, downstreamIfindex, address, srcMac, dstMac);
+            return 13 * upstreamIfindex + 41 * downstreamIfindex
+                    + Objects.hash(address, srcMac, dstMac);
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalAidlImpl.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalAidlImpl.java
index e7dc757..9ef0f45 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalAidlImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalAidlImpl.java
@@ -19,18 +19,21 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.ForwardedStats;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.IOffload;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.ITetheringOffloadCallback;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.NatTimeoutUpdate;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.NetworkProtocol;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.OffloadCallbackEvent;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.NativeHandle;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.os.ServiceManager;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OffloadHalCallback;
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@
 /**
  * The implementation of IOffloadHal which based on Stable AIDL interface
  */
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
 public class OffloadHalAidlImpl implements IOffloadHal {
     private static final String TAG = OffloadHalAidlImpl.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final String HAL_INSTANCE_NAME = IOffload.DESCRIPTOR + "/default";
@@ -52,6 +56,7 @@
 
     private TetheringOffloadCallback mTetheringOffloadCallback;
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
     public OffloadHalAidlImpl(int version, @NonNull IOffload offload, @NonNull Handler handler,
             @NonNull SharedLog log) {
         mOffloadVersion = version;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalHidlImpl.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalHidlImpl.java
index e0a9878..71922f9 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalHidlImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHalHidlImpl.java
@@ -74,10 +74,7 @@
      */
     public boolean initOffload(@NonNull NativeHandle handle1, @NonNull NativeHandle handle2,
             @NonNull OffloadHalCallback callback) {
-        final String logmsg = String.format("initOffload(%d, %d, %s)",
-                handle1.getFileDescriptor().getInt$(), handle2.getFileDescriptor().getInt$(),
-                (callback == null) ? "null"
-                : "0x" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(callback)));
+        final String logmsg = "initOffload()";
 
         mOffloadHalCallback = callback;
         mTetheringOffloadCallback = new TetheringOffloadCallback(
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
index 53c80ae..13a7a22 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
 
@@ -198,7 +199,8 @@
         public NativeHandle createConntrackSocket(final int groups) {
             final FileDescriptor fd;
             try {
-                fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(OsConstants.NETLINK_NETFILTER);
+                fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(OsConstants.NETLINK_NETFILTER,
+                        SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 mLog.e("Unable to create conntrack socket " + e);
                 return null;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
index 6c0ca82..528991f 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
     private final TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
     // keyed by downstream type(TetheringManager.TETHERING_*).
     private final ArrayMap<AddressKey, LinkAddress> mCachedAddresses;
+    private final Random mRandom;
 
     public PrivateAddressCoordinator(Context context, TetheringConfiguration config) {
         mDownstreams = new ArraySet<>();
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@
 
         mTetheringPrefixes = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new IpPrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
             new IpPrefix("172.16.0.0/12"), new IpPrefix("10.0.0.0/8")));
+        mRandom = new Random();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -187,7 +189,10 @@
             return cachedAddress;
         }
 
-        for (IpPrefix prefixRange : mTetheringPrefixes) {
+        final int prefixIndex = getStartedPrefixIndex();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetheringPrefixes.size(); i++) {
+            final IpPrefix prefixRange = mTetheringPrefixes.get(
+                    (prefixIndex + i) % mTetheringPrefixes.size());
             final LinkAddress newAddress = chooseDownstreamAddress(prefixRange);
             if (newAddress != null) {
                 mDownstreams.add(ipServer);
@@ -200,6 +205,28 @@
         return null;
     }
 
+    private int getStartedPrefixIndex() {
+        if (!mConfig.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled()) return 0;
+
+        final int random = getRandomInt() & 0xffffff;
+        // This is to select the starting prefix range (/8, /12, or /16) instead of the actual
+        // LinkAddress. To avoid complex operations in the selection logic and make the selected
+        // rate approximate consistency with that /8 is around 2^4 times of /12 and /12 is around
+        // 2^4 times of /16, we simply define a map between the value and the prefix value like
+        // this:
+        //
+        // Value 0 ~ 0xffff (65536/16777216 = 0.39%) -> 192.168.0.0/16
+        // Value 0x10000 ~ 0xfffff (983040/16777216 = 5.86%) -> 172.16.0.0/12
+        // Value 0x100000 ~ 0xffffff (15728640/16777216 = 93.7%) -> 10.0.0.0/8
+        if (random > 0xfffff) {
+            return 2;
+        } else if (random > 0xffff) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
     private int getPrefixBaseAddress(final IpPrefix prefix) {
         return inet4AddressToIntHTH((Inet4Address) prefix.getAddress());
     }
@@ -263,12 +290,13 @@
         // is less than 127.0.0.0 = 0x7f000000 = 2130706432.
         //
         // Additionally, it makes debug output easier to read by making the numbers smaller.
-        final int randomPrefixStart = getRandomInt() & ~prefixRangeMask & prefixMask;
+        final int randomInt = getRandomInt();
+        final int randomPrefixStart = randomInt & ~prefixRangeMask & prefixMask;
 
         // A random offset within the prefix. Used to determine the local address once the prefix
         // is selected. It does not result in an IPv4 address ending in .0, .1, or .255
-        // For a PREFIX_LENGTH of 255, this is a number between 2 and 254.
-        final int subAddress = getSanitizedSubAddr(~prefixMask);
+        // For a PREFIX_LENGTH of 24, this is a number between 2 and 254.
+        final int subAddress = getSanitizedSubAddr(randomInt, ~prefixMask);
 
         // Find a prefix length PREFIX_LENGTH between randomPrefixStart and the end of the block,
         // such that the prefix does not conflict with any upstream.
@@ -310,12 +338,12 @@
     /** Get random int which could be used to generate random address. */
     @VisibleForTesting
     public int getRandomInt() {
-        return (new Random()).nextInt();
+        return mRandom.nextInt();
     }
 
     /** Get random subAddress and avoid selecting x.x.x.0, x.x.x.1 and x.x.x.255 address. */
-    private int getSanitizedSubAddr(final int subAddrMask) {
-        final int randomSubAddr = getRandomInt() & subAddrMask;
+    private int getSanitizedSubAddr(final int randomInt, final int subAddrMask) {
+        final int randomSubAddr = randomInt & subAddrMask;
         // If prefix length > 30, the selecting speace would be less than 4 which may be hard to
         // avoid 3 consecutive address.
         if (PREFIX_LENGTH > 30) return randomSubAddr;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
index 36a1c3c..0cc3dd9 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48, padding = 6)
     public final MacAddress dstMac; // Destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress).
 
-    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S64)
-    public final long src64; // The top 64-bits of the source ip.
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 8)
+    public final byte[] src64; // The top 64-bits of the source ip.
 
-    public TetherUpstream6Key(int iif, @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac, long src64) {
+    public TetherUpstream6Key(int iif, @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac, final byte[] src64) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(dstMac);
 
         this.iif = iif;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index 996ee11..d85d92f 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
@@ -161,11 +162,8 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -175,8 +173,8 @@
 public class Tethering {
 
     private static final String TAG = Tethering.class.getSimpleName();
-    private static final boolean DBG = false;
-    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    private static final boolean DBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
+    private static final boolean VDBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE);
 
     private static final Class[] sMessageClasses = {
             Tethering.class, TetherMainSM.class, IpServer.class
@@ -243,9 +241,6 @@
     private final TetherMainSM mTetherMainSM;
     private final OffloadController mOffloadController;
     private final UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
-    // TODO: Figure out how to merge this and other downstream-tracking objects
-    // into a single coherent structure.
-    private final HashSet<IpServer> mForwardedDownstreams;
     private final VersionedBroadcastListener mCarrierConfigChange;
     private final TetheringDependencies mDeps;
     private final EntitlementManager mEntitlementMgr;
@@ -273,8 +268,6 @@
 
     private boolean mRndisEnabled;       // track the RNDIS function enabled state
     private boolean mNcmEnabled;         // track the NCM function enabled state
-    // True iff. WiFi tethering should be started when soft AP is ready.
-    private boolean mWifiTetherRequested;
     private Network mTetherUpstream;
     private TetherStatesParcel mTetherStatesParcel;
     private boolean mDataSaverEnabled = false;
@@ -303,9 +296,9 @@
         mContext = mDeps.getContext();
         mNetd = mDeps.getINetd(mContext);
         mRoutingCoordinator = mDeps.getRoutingCoordinator(mContext);
-        mLooper = mDeps.getTetheringLooper();
-        mNotificationUpdater = mDeps.getNotificationUpdater(mContext, mLooper);
-        mTetheringMetrics = mDeps.getTetheringMetrics();
+        mLooper = mDeps.makeTetheringLooper();
+        mNotificationUpdater = mDeps.makeNotificationUpdater(mContext, mLooper);
+        mTetheringMetrics = mDeps.makeTetheringMetrics();
 
         // This is intended to ensrure that if something calls startTethering(bluetooth) just after
         // bluetooth is enabled. Before onServiceConnected is called, store the calls into this
@@ -319,7 +312,7 @@
         mTetherMainSM.start();
 
         mHandler = mTetherMainSM.getHandler();
-        mOffloadController = mDeps.getOffloadController(mHandler, mLog,
+        mOffloadController = mDeps.makeOffloadController(mHandler, mLog,
                 new OffloadController.Dependencies() {
 
                     @Override
@@ -327,15 +320,16 @@
                         return mConfig;
                     }
                 });
-        mUpstreamNetworkMonitor = mDeps.getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(mContext, mTetherMainSM, mLog,
-                TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK);
-        mForwardedDownstreams = new HashSet<>();
+        mUpstreamNetworkMonitor = mDeps.makeUpstreamNetworkMonitor(mContext, mHandler, mLog,
+                (what, obj) -> {
+                    mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK, what, 0, obj);
+                });
 
         IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
         filter.addAction(ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED);
         // EntitlementManager will send EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED when cellular upstream
         // permission is changed according to entitlement check result.
-        mEntitlementMgr = mDeps.getEntitlementManager(mContext, mHandler, mLog,
+        mEntitlementMgr = mDeps.makeEntitlementManager(mContext, mHandler, mLog,
                 () -> mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(
                 TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED));
         mEntitlementMgr.setOnTetherProvisioningFailedListener((downstream, reason) -> {
@@ -368,14 +362,15 @@
 
         // Load tethering configuration.
         updateConfiguration();
+        mConfig.readEnableSyncSM(mContext);
         // It is OK for the configuration to be passed to the PrivateAddressCoordinator at
         // construction time because the only part of the configuration it uses is
         // shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp(), and currently do not support changing that.
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = mDeps.getPrivateAddressCoordinator(mContext, mConfig);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = mDeps.makePrivateAddressCoordinator(mContext, mConfig);
 
         // Must be initialized after tethering configuration is loaded because BpfCoordinator
         // constructor needs to use the configuration.
-        mBpfCoordinator = mDeps.getBpfCoordinator(
+        mBpfCoordinator = mDeps.makeBpfCoordinator(
                 new BpfCoordinator.Dependencies() {
                     @NonNull
                     public Handler getHandler() {
@@ -404,7 +399,7 @@
                 });
 
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && mConfig.isWearTetheringEnabled()) {
-            mWearableConnectionManager = mDeps.getWearableConnectionManager(mContext);
+            mWearableConnectionManager = mDeps.makeWearableConnectionManager(mContext);
         } else {
             mWearableConnectionManager = null;
         }
@@ -762,7 +757,6 @@
             }
             if ((enable && mgr.startTetheredHotspot(null /* use existing softap config */))
                     || (!enable && mgr.stopSoftAp())) {
-                mWifiTetherRequested = enable;
                 return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
             }
         } finally {
@@ -873,7 +867,7 @@
 
     private void changeBluetoothTetheringSettings(@NonNull final BluetoothPan bluetoothPan,
             final boolean enable) {
-        final BluetoothPanShim panShim = mDeps.getBluetoothPanShim(bluetoothPan);
+        final BluetoothPanShim panShim = mDeps.makeBluetoothPanShim(bluetoothPan);
         if (enable) {
             if (mBluetoothIfaceRequest != null) {
                 Log.d(TAG, "Bluetooth tethering settings already enabled");
@@ -1469,10 +1463,6 @@
     }
 
     private void disableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int apState) {
-        // Regardless of whether we requested this transition, the AP has gone
-        // down.  Don't try to tether again unless we're requested to do so.
-        mWifiTetherRequested = false;
-
         mLog.log("Canceling WiFi tethering request - interface=" + ifname + " state=" + apState);
 
         disableWifiIpServingCommon(TETHERING_WIFI, ifname);
@@ -1504,8 +1494,7 @@
     private void enableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int wifiIpMode) {
         mLog.log("request WiFi tethering - interface=" + ifname + " state=" + wifiIpMode);
 
-        // Map wifiIpMode values to IpServer.Callback serving states, inferring
-        // from mWifiTetherRequested as a final "best guess".
+        // Map wifiIpMode values to IpServer.Callback serving states.
         final int ipServingMode;
         switch (wifiIpMode) {
             case IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED:
@@ -1652,11 +1641,6 @@
         mLog.log(state.getName() + " got " + sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what)));
     }
 
-    private boolean upstreamWanted() {
-        if (!mForwardedDownstreams.isEmpty()) return true;
-        return mWifiTetherRequested;
-    }
-
     // Needed because the canonical source of upstream truth is just the
     // upstream interface set, |mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet|.
     private boolean pertainsToCurrentUpstream(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
@@ -1714,12 +1698,16 @@
         private final ArrayList<IpServer> mNotifyList;
         private final IPv6TetheringCoordinator mIPv6TetheringCoordinator;
         private final OffloadWrapper mOffload;
+        // TODO: Figure out how to merge this and other downstream-tracking objects
+        // into a single coherent structure.
+        private final HashSet<IpServer> mForwardedDownstreams;
 
         private static final int UPSTREAM_SETTLE_TIME_MS     = 10000;
 
         TetherMainSM(String name, Looper looper, TetheringDependencies deps) {
             super(name, looper);
 
+            mForwardedDownstreams = new HashSet<>();
             mInitialState = new InitialState();
             mTetherModeAliveState = new TetherModeAliveState();
             mSetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState = new SetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState();
@@ -1737,7 +1725,7 @@
             addState(mSetDnsForwardersErrorState);
 
             mNotifyList = new ArrayList<>();
-            mIPv6TetheringCoordinator = deps.getIPv6TetheringCoordinator(mNotifyList, mLog);
+            mIPv6TetheringCoordinator = deps.makeIPv6TetheringCoordinator(mNotifyList, mLog);
             mOffload = new OffloadWrapper();
 
             setInitialState(mInitialState);
@@ -2055,6 +2043,10 @@
             }
         }
 
+        private boolean upstreamWanted() {
+            return !mForwardedDownstreams.isEmpty();
+        }
+
         class TetherModeAliveState extends State {
             boolean mUpstreamWanted = false;
             boolean mTryCell = true;
@@ -2392,6 +2384,9 @@
                 hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS)
                         || hasCallingPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
                         || hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_STACK);
+        if (callback == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             mTetheringEventCallbacks.register(callback, new CallbackCookie(hasListPermission));
             final TetheringCallbackStartedParcel parcel = new TetheringCallbackStartedParcel();
@@ -2650,7 +2645,7 @@
             }
             pw.println(" - lastError = " + tetherState.lastError);
         }
-        pw.println("Upstream wanted: " + upstreamWanted());
+        pw.println("Upstream wanted: " + mTetherMainSM.upstreamWanted());
         pw.println("Current upstream interface(s): " + mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
 
@@ -2692,31 +2687,10 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-
-        // Don't crash the system if something in doDump throws an exception, but try to propagate
-        // the exception to the caller.
-        AtomicReference<RuntimeException> exceptionRef = new AtomicReference<>();
-        mHandler.post(() -> {
-            try {
-                doDump(fd, writer, args);
-            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-                exceptionRef.set(e);
-            }
-            latch.countDown();
-        });
-
-        try {
-            if (!latch.await(DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
-                writer.println("Dump timeout after " + DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
-                return;
-            }
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            exceptionRef.compareAndSet(null, new IllegalStateException("Dump interrupted", e));
+        if (!HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(mHandler, () -> doDump(fd, writer, args),
+                DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
+            writer.println("Dump timeout after " + DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
         }
-
-        final RuntimeException e = exceptionRef.get();
-        if (e != null) throw e;
     }
 
     private void maybeDhcpLeasesChanged() {
@@ -2732,84 +2706,73 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private IpServer.Callback makeControlCallback() {
-        return new IpServer.Callback() {
-            @Override
-            public void updateInterfaceState(IpServer who, int state, int lastError) {
-                notifyInterfaceStateChange(who, state, lastError);
+    private class ControlCallback extends IpServer.Callback {
+        @Override
+        public void updateInterfaceState(IpServer who, int state, int lastError) {
+            final String iface = who.interfaceName();
+            final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+            if (tetherState != null && tetherState.ipServer.equals(who)) {
+                tetherState.lastState = state;
+                tetherState.lastError = lastError;
+            } else {
+                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "got notification from stale iface " + iface);
             }
 
-            @Override
-            public void updateLinkProperties(IpServer who, LinkProperties newLp) {
-                notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(who, newLp);
-            }
+            mLog.log(String.format("OBSERVED iface=%s state=%s error=%s", iface, state, lastError));
 
-            @Override
-            public void dhcpLeasesChanged() {
-                maybeDhcpLeasesChanged();
+            // If TetherMainSM is in ErrorState, TetherMainSM stays there.
+            // Thus we give a chance for TetherMainSM to recover to InitialState
+            // by sending CMD_CLEAR_ERROR
+            if (lastError == TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR) {
+                mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.CMD_CLEAR_ERROR, who);
             }
-
-            @Override
-            public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) {
-                mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.EVENT_REQUEST_CHANGE_DOWNSTREAM,
-                        tetheringType, 0, enabled ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
+            int which;
+            switch (state) {
+                case IpServer.STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
+                case IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE:
+                    which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_INACTIVE;
+                    break;
+                case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
+                case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                    which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_ACTIVE;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown interface state: " + state);
+                    return;
             }
-        };
-    }
-
-    // TODO: Move into TetherMainSM.
-    private void notifyInterfaceStateChange(IpServer who, int state, int error) {
-        final String iface = who.interfaceName();
-        final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
-        if (tetherState != null && tetherState.ipServer.equals(who)) {
-            tetherState.lastState = state;
-            tetherState.lastError = error;
-        } else {
-            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "got notification from stale iface " + iface);
+            mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, who);
+            sendTetherStateChangedBroadcast();
         }
 
-        mLog.log(String.format("OBSERVED iface=%s state=%s error=%s", iface, state, error));
-
-        // If TetherMainSM is in ErrorState, TetherMainSM stays there.
-        // Thus we give a chance for TetherMainSM to recover to InitialState
-        // by sending CMD_CLEAR_ERROR
-        if (error == TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR) {
-            mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.CMD_CLEAR_ERROR, who);
-        }
-        int which;
-        switch (state) {
-            case IpServer.STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
-            case IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE:
-                which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_INACTIVE;
-                break;
-            case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
-            case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
-                which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_ACTIVE;
-                break;
-            default:
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown interface state: " + state);
+        @Override
+        public void updateLinkProperties(IpServer who, LinkProperties newLp) {
+            final String iface = who.interfaceName();
+            final int state;
+            final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+            if (tetherState != null && tetherState.ipServer.equals(who)) {
+                state = tetherState.lastState;
+            } else {
+                mLog.log("got notification from stale iface " + iface);
                 return;
-        }
-        mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, who);
-        sendTetherStateChangedBroadcast();
-    }
+            }
 
-    private void notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(IpServer who, LinkProperties newLp) {
-        final String iface = who.interfaceName();
-        final int state;
-        final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
-        if (tetherState != null && tetherState.ipServer.equals(who)) {
-            state = tetherState.lastState;
-        } else {
-            mLog.log("got notification from stale iface " + iface);
-            return;
+            mLog.log(String.format(
+                    "OBSERVED LinkProperties update iface=%s state=%s lp=%s",
+                    iface, IpServer.getStateString(state), newLp));
+            final int which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_UPDATE_LINKPROPERTIES;
+            mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, newLp);
         }
 
-        mLog.log(String.format(
-                "OBSERVED LinkProperties update iface=%s state=%s lp=%s",
-                iface, IpServer.getStateString(state), newLp));
-        final int which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_UPDATE_LINKPROPERTIES;
-        mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, newLp);
+        @Override
+        public void dhcpLeasesChanged() {
+            maybeDhcpLeasesChanged();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) {
+            mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.EVENT_REQUEST_CHANGE_DOWNSTREAM,
+                    tetheringType, 0, enabled ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
+        }
     }
 
     private boolean hasSystemFeature(final String feature) {
@@ -2851,9 +2814,9 @@
         mLog.i("adding IpServer for: " + iface);
         final TetherState tetherState = new TetherState(
                 new IpServer(iface, mHandler, interfaceType, mLog, mNetd, mBpfCoordinator,
-                        mRoutingCoordinator, makeControlCallback(), mConfig,
+                        mRoutingCoordinator, new ControlCallback(), mConfig,
                         mPrivateAddressCoordinator, mTetheringMetrics,
-                        mDeps.getIpServerDependencies()), isNcm);
+                        mDeps.makeIpServerDependencies()), isNcm);
         mTetherStates.put(iface, tetherState);
         tetherState.ipServer.start();
     }
@@ -2879,4 +2842,9 @@
             } catch (RemoteException e) { }
         });
     }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public TetherMainSM getTetherMainSMForTesting() {
+        return mTetherMainSM;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
index 502fee8..298940e 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -130,6 +130,11 @@
     public static final String TETHER_ENABLE_WEAR_TETHERING =
             "tether_enable_wear_tethering";
 
+    public static final String TETHER_FORCE_RANDOM_PREFIX_BASE_SELECTION =
+            "tether_force_random_prefix_base_selection";
+
+    public static final String TETHER_ENABLE_SYNC_SM = "tether_enable_sync_sm";
+
     /**
      * Default value that used to periodic polls tether offload stats from tethering offload HAL
      * to make the data warnings work.
@@ -137,7 +142,7 @@
     public static final int DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000;
 
     /** A flag for using synchronous or asynchronous state machine. */
-    public static final boolean USE_SYNC_SM = false;
+    public static boolean USE_SYNC_SM = false;
 
     public final String[] tetherableUsbRegexs;
     public final String[] tetherableWifiRegexs;
@@ -171,6 +176,7 @@
     private final int mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength;
 
     private final boolean mEnableWearTethering;
+    private final boolean mRandomPrefixBase;
 
     private final int mUsbTetheringFunction;
     protected final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
@@ -288,6 +294,8 @@
 
         mEnableWearTethering = shouldEnableWearTethering(ctx);
 
+        mRandomPrefixBase = mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(ctx, TETHER_FORCE_RANDOM_PREFIX_BASE_SELECTION);
+
         configLog.log(toString());
     }
 
@@ -376,6 +384,20 @@
         return mEnableWearTethering;
     }
 
+    public boolean isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled() {
+        return mRandomPrefixBase;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether sync SM is enabled then set it to USE_SYNC_SM. This should be called once
+     * when tethering is created. Otherwise if the flag is pushed while tethering is enabled,
+     * then it's possible for some IpServer(s) running the new sync state machine while others
+     * use the async state machine.
+     */
+    public void readEnableSyncSM(final Context ctx) {
+        USE_SYNC_SM = mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(ctx, TETHER_ENABLE_SYNC_SM);
+    }
+
     /** Does the dumping.*/
     public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
         pw.print("activeDataSubId: ");
@@ -426,6 +448,12 @@
 
         pw.print("mUsbTetheringFunction: ");
         pw.println(isUsingNcm() ? "NCM" : "RNDIS");
+
+        pw.print("mRandomPrefixBase: ");
+        pw.println(mRandomPrefixBase);
+
+        pw.print("USE_SYNC_SM: ");
+        pw.println(USE_SYNC_SM);
     }
 
     /** Returns the string representation of this object.*/
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
index c274165..3f86056 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
@@ -54,58 +53,58 @@
  */
 public abstract class TetheringDependencies {
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the BpfCoordinator to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the BpfCoordinator to be used by tethering.
      */
-    public @NonNull BpfCoordinator getBpfCoordinator(
+    public @NonNull BpfCoordinator makeBpfCoordinator(
             @NonNull BpfCoordinator.Dependencies deps) {
         return new BpfCoordinator(deps);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the offload hardware interface to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the offload hardware interface to be used by tethering.
      */
-    public OffloadHardwareInterface getOffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log) {
+    public OffloadHardwareInterface makeOffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log) {
         return new OffloadHardwareInterface(h, log);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the offload controller to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the offload controller to be used by tethering.
      */
     @NonNull
-    public OffloadController getOffloadController(@NonNull Handler h,
+    public OffloadController makeOffloadController(@NonNull Handler h,
             @NonNull SharedLog log, @NonNull OffloadController.Dependencies deps) {
         final NetworkStatsManager statsManager =
                 (NetworkStatsManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE);
-        return new OffloadController(h, getOffloadHardwareInterface(h, log),
+        return new OffloadController(h, makeOffloadHardwareInterface(h, log),
                 getContext().getContentResolver(), statsManager, log, deps);
     }
 
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the UpstreamNetworkMonitor to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the UpstreamNetworkMonitor to be used by tethering.
      */
-    public UpstreamNetworkMonitor getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx, StateMachine target,
-            SharedLog log, int what) {
-        return new UpstreamNetworkMonitor(ctx, target, log, what);
+    public UpstreamNetworkMonitor makeUpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx, Handler h,
+            SharedLog log, UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EventListener listener) {
+        return new UpstreamNetworkMonitor(ctx, h, log, listener);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the IPv6TetheringCoordinator to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the IPv6TetheringCoordinator to be used by tethering.
      */
-    public IPv6TetheringCoordinator getIPv6TetheringCoordinator(
+    public IPv6TetheringCoordinator makeIPv6TetheringCoordinator(
             ArrayList<IpServer> notifyList, SharedLog log) {
         return new IPv6TetheringCoordinator(notifyList, log);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get dependencies to be used by IpServer.
+     * Make dependencies to be used by IpServer.
      */
-    public abstract IpServer.Dependencies getIpServerDependencies();
+    public abstract IpServer.Dependencies makeIpServerDependencies();
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the EntitlementManager to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the EntitlementManager to be used by tethering.
      */
-    public EntitlementManager getEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
+    public EntitlementManager makeEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
             Runnable callback) {
         return new EntitlementManager(ctx, h, log, callback);
     }
@@ -137,17 +136,17 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the TetheringNotificationUpdater to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the TetheringNotificationUpdater to be used by tethering.
      */
-    public TetheringNotificationUpdater getNotificationUpdater(@NonNull final Context ctx,
+    public TetheringNotificationUpdater makeNotificationUpdater(@NonNull final Context ctx,
             @NonNull final Looper looper) {
         return new TetheringNotificationUpdater(ctx, looper);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get tethering thread looper.
+     * Make tethering thread looper.
      */
-    public abstract Looper getTetheringLooper();
+    public abstract Looper makeTetheringLooper();
 
     /**
      *  Get Context of TetheringService.
@@ -157,6 +156,7 @@
     /**
      * Get a reference to BluetoothAdapter to be used by tethering.
      */
+    @Nullable
     public abstract BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter();
 
     /**
@@ -167,26 +167,26 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to PrivateAddressCoordinator to be used by Tethering.
+     * Make PrivateAddressCoordinator to be used by Tethering.
      */
-    public PrivateAddressCoordinator getPrivateAddressCoordinator(Context ctx,
+    public PrivateAddressCoordinator makePrivateAddressCoordinator(Context ctx,
             TetheringConfiguration cfg) {
         return new PrivateAddressCoordinator(ctx, cfg);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get BluetoothPanShim object to enable/disable bluetooth tethering.
+     * Make BluetoothPanShim object to enable/disable bluetooth tethering.
      *
      * TODO: use BluetoothPan directly when mainline module is built with API 32.
      */
-    public BluetoothPanShim getBluetoothPanShim(BluetoothPan pan) {
+    public BluetoothPanShim makeBluetoothPanShim(BluetoothPan pan) {
         return BluetoothPanShimImpl.newInstance(pan);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get a reference to the TetheringMetrics to be used by tethering.
+     * Make the TetheringMetrics to be used by tethering.
      */
-    public TetheringMetrics getTetheringMetrics() {
+    public TetheringMetrics makeTetheringMetrics() {
         return new TetheringMetrics();
     }
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
      * Returns the implementation of WearableConnectionManager.
      */
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public WearableConnectionManager getWearableConnectionManager(Context ctx) {
+    public WearableConnectionManager makeWearableConnectionManager(Context ctx) {
         return new WearableConnectionManager(ctx);
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
index 96ddfa0..623f502 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 import android.app.Service;
 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.IIntResultListener;
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@
     public TetheringDependencies makeTetheringDependencies() {
         return new TetheringDependencies() {
             @Override
-            public Looper getTetheringLooper() {
+            public Looper makeTetheringLooper() {
                 final HandlerThread tetherThread = new HandlerThread("android.tethering");
                 tetherThread.start();
                 return tetherThread.getLooper();
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@
             }
 
             @Override
-            public IpServer.Dependencies getIpServerDependencies() {
+            public IpServer.Dependencies makeIpServerDependencies() {
                 return new IpServer.Dependencies() {
                     @Override
                     public void makeDhcpServer(String ifName, DhcpServingParamsParcel params,
@@ -377,7 +378,11 @@
 
             @Override
             public BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter() {
-                return BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
+                final BluetoothManager btManager = getSystemService(BluetoothManager.class);
+                if (btManager == null) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                return btManager.getAdapter();
             }
         };
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
index ac2aa7b..7a05d74 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ConnectivityManagerShim;
@@ -111,9 +110,8 @@
 
     private final Context mContext;
     private final SharedLog mLog;
-    private final StateMachine mTarget;
     private final Handler mHandler;
-    private final int mWhat;
+    private final EventListener mEventListener;
     private final HashMap<Network, UpstreamNetworkState> mNetworkMap = new HashMap<>();
     private HashSet<IpPrefix> mLocalPrefixes;
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
@@ -135,12 +133,11 @@
     private Network mDefaultInternetNetwork;
     private boolean mPreferTestNetworks;
 
-    public UpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx, StateMachine tgt, SharedLog log, int what) {
+    public UpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log, EventListener listener) {
         mContext = ctx;
-        mTarget = tgt;
-        mHandler = mTarget.getHandler();
+        mHandler = h;
         mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
-        mWhat = what;
+        mEventListener = listener;
         mLocalPrefixes = new HashSet<>();
         mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = false;
         mCM = (ConnectivityManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
@@ -374,11 +371,12 @@
                     network, newNc));
         }
 
-        mNetworkMap.put(network, new UpstreamNetworkState(
-                prev.linkProperties, newNc, network));
+        final UpstreamNetworkState uns =
+                new UpstreamNetworkState(prev.linkProperties, newNc, network);
+        mNetworkMap.put(network, uns);
         // TODO: If sufficient information is available to select a more
         // preferable upstream, do so now and notify the target.
-        notifyTarget(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, network);
+        mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, uns);
     }
 
     private @Nullable UpstreamNetworkState updateLinkProperties(@NonNull Network network,
@@ -411,7 +409,7 @@
     private void handleLinkProp(Network network, LinkProperties newLp) {
         final UpstreamNetworkState ns = updateLinkProperties(network, newLp);
         if (ns != null) {
-            notifyTarget(EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES, ns);
+            mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES, ns);
         }
     }
 
@@ -438,7 +436,7 @@
         // preferable upstream, do so now and notify the target.  Likewise,
         // if the current upstream network is gone, notify the target of the
         // fact that we now have no upstream at all.
-        notifyTarget(EVENT_ON_LOST, mNetworkMap.remove(network));
+        mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(EVENT_ON_LOST, mNetworkMap.remove(network));
     }
 
     private void maybeHandleNetworkSwitch(@NonNull Network network) {
@@ -456,14 +454,14 @@
         // Default network changed. Update local data and notify tethering.
         Log.d(TAG, "New default Internet network: " + network);
         mDefaultInternetNetwork = network;
-        notifyTarget(EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED, ns);
+        mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED, ns);
     }
 
     private void recomputeLocalPrefixes() {
         final HashSet<IpPrefix> localPrefixes = allLocalPrefixes(mNetworkMap.values());
         if (!mLocalPrefixes.equals(localPrefixes)) {
             mLocalPrefixes = localPrefixes;
-            notifyTarget(NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES, localPrefixes.clone());
+            mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES, localPrefixes.clone());
         }
     }
 
@@ -502,12 +500,13 @@
                 // onLinkPropertiesChanged right after this method and mDefaultInternetNetwork will
                 // be updated then.
                 //
-                // Technically, not updating here isn't necessary, because the notifications to
-                // Tethering sent by notifyTarget are messages sent to a state machine running on
-                // the same thread as this method, and so cannot arrive until after this method has
-                // returned. However, it is not a good idea to rely on that because fact that
-                // Tethering uses multiple state machines running on the same thread is a major
-                // source of race conditions and something that should be fixed.
+                // Technically, mDefaultInternetNetwork could be updated here, because the
+                // Callback#onChange implementation sends messages to the state machine running
+                // on the same thread as this method. If there is new default network change,
+                // the message cannot arrive until onLinkPropertiesChanged returns.
+                // However, it is not a good idea to rely on that because fact that Tethering uses
+                // multiple state machines running on the same thread is a major source of race
+                // conditions and something that should be fixed.
                 //
                 // TODO: is it correct that this code always updates EntitlementManager?
                 // This code runs when the default network connects or changes capabilities, but the
@@ -551,7 +550,7 @@
                 mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = false;
                 mEntitlementMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
                 Log.d(TAG, "Lost default Internet network: " + network);
-                notifyTarget(EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED, null);
+                mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED, null);
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -569,14 +568,6 @@
         if (cb != null) cm().unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
     }
 
-    private void notifyTarget(int which, Network network) {
-        notifyTarget(which, mNetworkMap.get(network));
-    }
-
-    private void notifyTarget(int which, Object obj) {
-        mTarget.sendMessage(mWhat, which, 0, obj);
-    }
-
     private static class TypeStatePair {
         public int type = TYPE_NONE;
         public UpstreamNetworkState ns = null;
@@ -698,4 +689,10 @@
     public void setPreferTestNetworks(boolean prefer) {
         mPreferTestNetworks = prefer;
     }
+
+    /** An interface to notify upstream network changes. */
+    public interface EventListener {
+        /** Notify the client of some event */
+        void onUpstreamEvent(int what, Object obj);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
index 72ca666..22cf3c5 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -24,5 +25,5 @@
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index 2594a5e..337d408 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
         "net-tests-utils",
         "net-utils-device-common",
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
         "testables",
         "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
     ],
@@ -45,12 +47,11 @@
 android_library {
     name: "TetheringIntegrationTestsBaseLib",
     target_sdk_version: "current",
-    platform_apis: true,
     defaults: ["TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults"],
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests/mts",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/cts/net",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
 
 // Library including tethering integration tests targeting the latest stable SDK.
@@ -58,7 +59,6 @@
 android_library {
     name: "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
     target_sdk_version: "33",
-    platform_apis: true,
     defaults: ["TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults"],
     srcs: [
         "src/**/*.java",
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/cts/tethering",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
 
 // Library including tethering integration tests targeting current development SDK.
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@
 android_library {
     name: "TetheringIntegrationTestsLib",
     target_sdk_version: "current",
-    platform_apis: true,
     defaults: ["TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults"],
     srcs: [
         "src/**/*.java",
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/cts/tethering",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests/mts",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
 
 // TODO: remove because TetheringIntegrationTests has been covered by ConnectivityCoverageTests.
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
index 377da91..120b871 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
@@ -31,12 +31,14 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.isExpectedIcmpPacket;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.isExpectedTcpPacket;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.isExpectedUdpPacket;
+
 import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.dumpHexString;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCPHDR_ACK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCPHDR_SYN;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
@@ -46,7 +48,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
-import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback;
@@ -56,8 +57,6 @@
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringTester.TetheredDevice;
 import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
-import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils;
-import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
@@ -75,7 +74,6 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
@@ -84,8 +82,10 @@
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -141,11 +141,14 @@
     protected static final ByteBuffer TX_PAYLOAD =
             ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x56, (byte) 0x78 });
 
-    private final Context mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
-    private final EthernetManager mEm = mContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
-    private final TetheringManager mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
-    private final PackageManager mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
-    private final CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+    private static final Context sContext =
+            InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
+    protected static final EthernetManager sEm = sContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
+    private static final TetheringManager sTm = sContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+    private static final PackageManager sPackageManager = sContext.getPackageManager();
+    private static final CtsNetUtils sCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
+    private static final List<String> sCallbackErrors =
+            Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
 
     // Late initialization in setUp()
     private boolean mRunTests;
@@ -161,29 +164,7 @@
     private MyTetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
 
     public Context getContext() {
-        return mContext;
-    }
-
-    @BeforeClass
-    public static void setUpOnce() throws Exception {
-        // The first test case may experience tethering restart with IP conflict handling.
-        // Tethering would cache the last upstreams so that the next enabled tethering avoids
-        // picking up the address that is in conflict with the upstreams. To protect subsequent
-        // tests, turn tethering on and off before running them.
-        final Context ctx = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
-        final CtsTetheringUtils utils = new CtsTetheringUtils(ctx);
-        final TestTetheringEventCallback callback = utils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
-        try {
-            if (!callback.isWifiTetheringSupported(ctx)) return;
-
-            callback.expectNoTetheringActive();
-
-            utils.startWifiTethering(callback);
-            callback.getCurrentValidUpstream();
-            utils.stopWifiTethering(callback);
-        } finally {
-            utils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
-        }
+        return sContext;
     }
 
     @Before
@@ -195,13 +176,14 @@
         mRunTests = isEthernetTetheringSupported();
         assumeTrue(mRunTests);
 
-        mTetheredInterfaceRequester = new TetheredInterfaceRequester(mHandler, mEm);
+        mTetheredInterfaceRequester = new TetheredInterfaceRequester();
+        sCallbackErrors.clear();
     }
 
     private boolean isEthernetTetheringSupported() throws Exception {
-        if (mEm == null) return false;
+        if (sEm == null) return false;
 
-        return runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> mTm.isTetheringSupported());
+        return runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> sTm.isTetheringSupported());
     }
 
     protected void maybeStopTapPacketReader(final TapPacketReader tapPacketReader)
@@ -212,7 +194,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    protected void maybeCloseTestInterface(final TestNetworkInterface testInterface)
+    protected static void maybeCloseTestInterface(final TestNetworkInterface testInterface)
             throws Exception {
         if (testInterface != null) {
             testInterface.getFileDescriptor().close();
@@ -220,8 +202,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    protected void maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(final MyTetheringEventCallback callback)
-            throws Exception {
+    protected static void maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(
+            final MyTetheringEventCallback callback) throws Exception {
         if (callback != null) {
             callback.awaitInterfaceUntethered();
             callback.unregister();
@@ -230,7 +212,7 @@
 
     protected void stopEthernetTethering(final MyTetheringEventCallback callback) {
         runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> {
-            mTm.stopTethering(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+            sTm.stopTethering(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
             maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
         });
     }
@@ -275,20 +257,24 @@
             mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
             mHandlerThread.join();
         }
+
+        if (sCallbackErrors.size() > 0) {
+            fail("Some callbacks had errors: " + sCallbackErrors);
+        }
     }
 
-    protected boolean isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() throws Exception {
+    protected static boolean isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() throws Exception {
         // Before T, all ethernet interfaces could be used for server mode. Instead of
         // waiting timeout, just checking whether the system currently has any
         // ethernet interface is more reliable.
         if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            return runAsShell(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, () -> mEm.isAvailable());
+            return runAsShell(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, () -> sEm.isAvailable());
         }
 
         // If previous test case doesn't release tethering interface successfully, the other tests
         // after that test may be skipped as unexcepted.
         // TODO: figure out a better way to check default tethering interface existenion.
-        final TetheredInterfaceRequester requester = new TetheredInterfaceRequester(mHandler, mEm);
+        final TetheredInterfaceRequester requester = new TetheredInterfaceRequester();
         try {
             // Use short timeout (200ms) for requesting an existing interface, if any, because
             // it should reurn faster than requesting a new tethering interface. Using default
@@ -306,15 +292,15 @@
         }
     }
 
-    protected void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean include) {
+    protected static void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean include) {
         runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
-            mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(include);
+            sEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(include);
         });
     }
 
-    protected void setPreferTestNetworks(boolean prefer) {
+    protected static void setPreferTestNetworks(boolean prefer) {
         runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
-            mTm.setPreferTestNetworks(prefer);
+            sTm.setPreferTestNetworks(prefer);
         });
     }
 
@@ -344,7 +330,6 @@
 
 
     protected static final class MyTetheringEventCallback implements TetheringEventCallback {
-        private final TetheringManager mTm;
         private final CountDownLatch mTetheringStartedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         private final CountDownLatch mTetheringStoppedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         private final CountDownLatch mLocalOnlyStartedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
@@ -355,7 +340,7 @@
         private final TetheringInterface mIface;
         private final Network mExpectedUpstream;
 
-        private boolean mAcceptAnyUpstream = false;
+        private final boolean mAcceptAnyUpstream;
 
         private volatile boolean mInterfaceWasTethered = false;
         private volatile boolean mInterfaceWasLocalOnly = false;
@@ -368,24 +353,26 @@
         // seconds. See b/289881008.
         private static final int EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
 
-        MyTetheringEventCallback(TetheringManager tm, String iface) {
-            this(tm, iface, null);
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(String iface) {
+            mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
+            mExpectedUpstream = null;
             mAcceptAnyUpstream = true;
         }
 
-        MyTetheringEventCallback(TetheringManager tm, String iface, Network expectedUpstream) {
-            mTm = tm;
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(String iface, @NonNull Network expectedUpstream) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(expectedUpstream);
             mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
             mExpectedUpstream = expectedUpstream;
+            mAcceptAnyUpstream = false;
         }
 
         public void unregister() {
-            mTm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(this);
+            sTm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(this);
             mUnregistered = true;
         }
         @Override
         public void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(List<String> interfaces) {
-            fail("Should only call callback that takes a Set<TetheringInterface>");
+            addCallbackError("Should only call callback that takes a Set<TetheringInterface>");
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -406,7 +393,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(List<String> interfaces) {
-            fail("Should only call callback that takes a Set<TetheringInterface>");
+            addCallbackError("Should only call callback that takes a Set<TetheringInterface>");
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -475,7 +462,7 @@
             // Ignore stale callbacks registered by previous test cases.
             if (mUnregistered) return;
 
-            fail("TetheringEventCallback got error:" + error + " on iface " + ifName);
+            addCallbackError("TetheringEventCallback got error:" + error + " on iface " + ifName);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -504,6 +491,11 @@
 
             Log.d(TAG, "Got upstream changed: " + network);
             mUpstream = network;
+            // The callback always updates the current tethering status when it's first registered.
+            // If the caller registers the callback before tethering starts, the null upstream
+            // would be updated. Filtering out the null case because it's not a valid upstream that
+            // we care about.
+            if (mUpstream == null) return;
             if (mAcceptAnyUpstream || Objects.equals(mUpstream, mExpectedUpstream)) {
                 mUpstreamLatch.countDown();
             }
@@ -525,18 +517,23 @@
         }
     }
 
-    protected MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
+    private static void addCallbackError(String error) {
+        Log.e(TAG, error);
+        sCallbackErrors.add(error);
+    }
+
+    protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
             TetheringRequest request, Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
         // Enable ethernet tethering with null expectedUpstream means the test accept any upstream
         // after etherent tethering started.
         final MyTetheringEventCallback callback;
         if (expectedUpstream != null) {
-            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(mTm, iface, expectedUpstream);
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(iface, expectedUpstream);
         } else {
-            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(mTm, iface);
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(iface);
         }
         runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
-            mTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(mHandler::post, callback);
+            sTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(c -> c.run() /* executor */, callback);
             // Need to hold the shell permission until callback is registered. This helps to avoid
             // the test become flaky.
             callback.awaitCallbackRegistered();
@@ -551,12 +548,12 @@
 
             @Override
             public void onTetheringFailed(int resultCode) {
-                fail("Unexpectedly got onTetheringFailed");
+                addCallbackError("Unexpectedly got onTetheringFailed");
             }
         };
         Log.d(TAG, "Starting Ethernet tethering");
         runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> {
-            mTm.startTethering(request, mHandler::post /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
+            sTm.startTethering(request, c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
             // Binder call is an async call. Need to hold the shell permission until tethering
             // started. This helps to avoid the test become flaky.
             if (!tetheringStartedLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
@@ -579,7 +576,7 @@
         return callback;
     }
 
-    protected MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
+    protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
             Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
         return enableEthernetTethering(iface,
                 new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
@@ -605,17 +602,9 @@
     }
 
     protected static final class TetheredInterfaceRequester implements TetheredInterfaceCallback {
-        private final Handler mHandler;
-        private final EthernetManager mEm;
-
         private TetheredInterfaceRequest mRequest;
         private final CompletableFuture<String> mFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
 
-        TetheredInterfaceRequester(Handler handler, EthernetManager em) {
-            mHandler = handler;
-            mEm = em;
-        }
-
         @Override
         public void onAvailable(String iface) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Ethernet interface available: " + iface);
@@ -631,7 +620,7 @@
             assertNull("BUG: more than one tethered interface request", mRequest);
             Log.d(TAG, "Requesting tethered interface");
             mRequest = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
-                    mEm.requestTetheredInterface(mHandler::post, this));
+                    sEm.requestTetheredInterface(c -> c.run() /* executor */, this));
             return mFuture;
         }
 
@@ -652,9 +641,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    protected TestNetworkInterface createTestInterface() throws Exception {
+    protected static TestNetworkInterface createTestInterface() throws Exception {
         TestNetworkManager tnm = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () ->
-                mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class));
+                sContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class));
         TestNetworkInterface iface = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () ->
                 tnm.createTapInterface());
         Log.d(TAG, "Created test interface " + iface.getInterfaceName());
@@ -669,7 +658,7 @@
         lp.setLinkAddresses(addresses);
         lp.setDnsServers(dnses);
 
-        return runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> initTestNetwork(mContext, lp, TIMEOUT_MS));
+        return runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> initTestNetwork(sContext, lp, TIMEOUT_MS));
     }
 
     protected void sendDownloadPacketUdp(@NonNull final InetAddress srcIp,
@@ -851,7 +840,7 @@
     private void maybeRetryTestedUpstreamChanged(final Network expectedUpstream,
             final TimeoutException fallbackException) throws Exception {
         // Fall back original exception because no way to reselect if there is no WIFI feature.
-        assertTrue(fallbackException.toString(), mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+        assertTrue(fallbackException.toString(), sPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
 
         // Try to toggle wifi network, if any, to reselect upstream network via default network
         // switching. Because test network has higher priority than internet network, this can
@@ -862,12 +851,12 @@
         // trigger the reselection, the total test time may over test suite 1 minmute timeout.
         // Probably need to disable/restore all internet networks in a common place of test
         // process. Currently, EthernetTetheringTest is part of CTS test which needs wifi network
-        // connection if device has wifi feature. CtsNetUtils#toggleWifi() checks wifi connection
-        // during the toggling process.
-        // See Tethering#chooseUpstreamType, CtsNetUtils#toggleWifi.
+        // connection if device has wifi feature.
+        // See Tethering#chooseUpstreamType
         // TODO: toggle cellular network if the device has no WIFI feature.
         Log.d(TAG, "Toggle WIFI to retry upstream selection");
-        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        sCtsNetUtils.disableWifi();
+        sCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
 
         // Wait for expected upstream.
         final CompletableFuture<Network> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
@@ -881,14 +870,14 @@
             }
         };
         try {
-            mTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(mHandler::post, callback);
+            sTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(mHandler::post, callback);
             assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", expectedUpstream,
                     future.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         } catch (TimeoutException e) {
             throw new AssertionError("Did not receive upstream " + expectedUpstream
                     + " callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
         } finally {
-            mTm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+            sTm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
         }
     }
 
@@ -925,7 +914,7 @@
         mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
         mUpstreamReader = makePacketReader(mUpstreamTracker.getTestIface());
 
-        final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = sContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
         // Currently tethering don't have API to tell when ipv6 tethering is available. Thus, make
         // sure tethering already have ipv6 connectivity before testing.
         if (cm.getLinkProperties(mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork()).hasGlobalIpv6Address()) {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 4949eaa..c54d1b4 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -150,6 +151,35 @@
             (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x04  /* Address: 1.2.3.4 */
     };
 
+    /** Enable/disable tethering once before running the tests. */
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpOnce() throws Exception {
+        // The first test case may experience tethering restart with IP conflict handling.
+        // Tethering would cache the last upstreams so that the next enabled tethering avoids
+        // picking up the address that is in conflict with the upstreams. To protect subsequent
+        // tests, turn tethering on and off before running them.
+        MyTetheringEventCallback callback = null;
+        TestNetworkInterface testIface = null;
+        assumeTrue(sEm != null);
+        try {
+            // If the physical ethernet interface is available, do nothing.
+            if (isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()) return;
+
+            testIface = createTestInterface();
+            setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+            callback = enableEthernetTethering(testIface.getInterfaceName(), null);
+            callback.awaitUpstreamChanged(true /* throwTimeoutException */);
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "WARNNING " + e);
+        } finally {
+            maybeCloseTestInterface(testIface);
+            maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+
+            setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testVirtualEthernetAlreadyExists() throws Exception {
         // This test requires manipulating packets. Skip if there is a physical Ethernet connected.
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
index 4f4b03c..c4d5636 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
         "junit-params",
         "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
     ],
 
     jni_libs: [
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/privileged/Android.bp
index c890197..ba6be66 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
index dac5b63..90ceaa1 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
@@ -77,7 +78,6 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.HashSet;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
                         final RdnssOption rdnss = Struct.parse(RdnssOption.class, RdnssBuf);
                         final String msg =
                                 rdnss.lifetime > 0 ? "Unknown dns" : "Unknown deprecated dns";
-                        final HashSet<Inet6Address> dnses =
+                        final ArraySet<Inet6Address> dnses =
                                 rdnss.lifetime > 0 ? mNewParams.dnses : mOldParams.dnses;
                         assertNotNull(msg, dnses);
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
index 0e8b044..d5d71bc 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 
     private void initTestMap() throws Exception {
         mTestMap = new BpfMap<>(
-                TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
                 TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
 
         mTestMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
                 assertEquals(OsConstants.EPERM, expected.errno);
             }
         }
-        try (BpfMap readWriteMap = new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+        try (BpfMap readWriteMap = new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
                 TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)) {
             assertNotNull(readWriteMap);
         }
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
     public void testOpenNonexistentMap() throws Exception {
         try {
             final BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> nonexistentMap = new BpfMap<>(
-                    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/nonexistent", BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/nonexistent",
                     TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
             assertEquals(OsConstants.ENOENT, expected.errno);
@@ -409,8 +409,8 @@
         final int before = getNumOpenFds();
         for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
             try (BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> map = new BpfMap<>(
-                TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)) {
+                    TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
+                    TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)) {
                 // do nothing
             }
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 36d9a63..24407ca 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 // Tests in this folder are included both in unit tests and CTS.
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@
     name: "TetheringCommonTests",
     srcs: [
         "common/**/*.java",
-        "common/**/*.kt"
+        "common/**/*.kt",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.rules",
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
 
 android_test {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index 6c1721e..47ecf58 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertSameElements;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
@@ -166,7 +167,6 @@
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@
         if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
         ArrayMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> expected = new ArrayMap<>();
         for (IpPrefix upstreamPrefix : upstreamPrefixes) {
-            long prefix64 = prefixToLong(upstreamPrefix);
+            final byte[] prefix64 = prefixToIp64(upstreamPrefix);
             final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.index,
                     DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, prefix64);
             final Tether6Value value = new Tether6Value(upstreamIfindex,
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@
         if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
         Set<TetherUpstream6Key> expected = new ArraySet<>();
         for (IpPrefix upstreamPrefix : upstreamPrefixes) {
-            long prefix64 = prefixToLong(upstreamPrefix);
+            final byte[] prefix64 = prefixToIp64(upstreamPrefix);
             final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.index,
                     DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, prefix64);
             expected.add(key);
@@ -1275,34 +1275,74 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testRuleMakeTetherDownstream6Key() throws Exception {
+    public void testIpv6DownstreamRuleMakeTetherDownstream6Key() throws Exception {
         final int mobileIfIndex = 100;
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = buildTestDownstreamRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
 
         final TetherDownstream6Key key = rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key();
-        assertEquals(key.iif, mobileIfIndex);
-        assertEquals(key.dstMac, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);  // rawip upstream
-        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(key.neigh6, NEIGH_A.getAddress()));
+        assertEquals(mobileIfIndex, key.iif);
+        assertEquals(MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, key.dstMac);  // rawip upstream
+        assertArrayEquals(NEIGH_A.getAddress(), key.neigh6);
         // iif (4) + dstMac(6) + padding(2) + neigh6 (16) = 28.
         assertEquals(28, key.writeToBytes().length);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testRuleMakeTether6Value() throws Exception {
+    public void testIpv6DownstreamRuleMakeTether6Value() throws Exception {
         final int mobileIfIndex = 100;
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = buildTestDownstreamRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
 
         final Tether6Value value = rule.makeTether6Value();
-        assertEquals(value.oif, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX);
-        assertEquals(value.ethDstMac, MAC_A);
-        assertEquals(value.ethSrcMac, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
-        assertEquals(value.ethProto, ETH_P_IPV6);
-        assertEquals(value.pmtu, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
-        // oif (4) + ethDstMac (6) + ethSrcMac (6) + ethProto (2) + pmtu (2) = 20.
+        assertEquals(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, value.oif);
+        assertEquals(MAC_A, value.ethDstMac);
+        assertEquals(DOWNSTREAM_MAC, value.ethSrcMac);
+        assertEquals(ETH_P_IPV6, value.ethProto);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU, value.pmtu);
+        // oif (4) + ethDstMac (6) + ethSrcMac (6) + ethProto (2) + pmtu (2) = 20
         assertEquals(20, value.writeToBytes().length);
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testIpv6UpstreamRuleMakeTetherUpstream6Key() {
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[]{(byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x00};
+        final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:abcd:fe00::/64");
+        final Ipv6UpstreamRule rule = buildTestUpstreamRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX,
+                DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, prefix, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
+
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = rule.makeTetherUpstream6Key();
+        assertEquals(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, key.iif);
+        assertEquals(DOWNSTREAM_MAC, key.dstMac);
+        assertArrayEquals(bytes, key.src64);
+        // iif (4) + dstMac (6) + padding (6) + src64 (8) = 24
+        assertEquals(24, key.writeToBytes().length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpv6UpstreamRuleMakeTether6Value() {
+        final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:abcd:fe00::/64");
+        final Ipv6UpstreamRule rule = buildTestUpstreamRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX,
+                DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, prefix, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
+
+        final Tether6Value value = rule.makeTether6Value();
+        assertEquals(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, value.oif);
+        assertEquals(MAC_NULL, value.ethDstMac);
+        assertEquals(MAC_NULL, value.ethSrcMac);
+        assertEquals(ETH_P_IPV6, value.ethProto);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU, value.pmtu);
+        // oif (4) + ethDstMac (6) + ethSrcMac (6) + ethProto (2) + pmtu (2) = 20
+        assertEquals(20, value.writeToBytes().length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBytesToPrefix() {
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[]{(byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x34};
+        final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:0:1234::/64");
+        assertEquals(prefix, BpfCoordinator.bytesToPrefix(bytes));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testSetDataLimit() throws Exception {
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
@@ -2269,8 +2309,8 @@
                 100 /* nonzero, CT_NEW */);
     }
 
-    private static long prefixToLong(IpPrefix prefix) {
-        return ByteBuffer.wrap(prefix.getRawAddress()).getLong();
+    private static byte[] prefixToIp64(IpPrefix prefix) {
+        return Arrays.copyOf(prefix.getRawAddress(), 8);
     }
 
     void checkRule4ExistInUpstreamDownstreamMap() throws Exception {
@@ -2515,7 +2555,7 @@
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = buildTestDownstreamRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
         mBpfDownstream6Map.insertEntry(rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key(), rule.makeTether6Value());
 
-        final long prefix64 = prefixToLong(UPSTREAM_PREFIX);
+        final byte[] prefix64 = prefixToIp64(UPSTREAM_PREFIX);
         final TetherUpstream6Key upstream6Key = new TetherUpstream6Key(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX,
                 DOWNSTREAM_MAC, prefix64);
         final Tether6Value upstream6Value = new Tether6Value(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX,
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
index 6ebd6ae..2298a1a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@
         when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mConnectivityMgr);
         when(mConnectivityMgr.getAllNetworks()).thenReturn(mAllNetworks);
         when(mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mConfig.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
         setUpIpServers();
         mPrivateAddressCoordinator = spy(new PrivateAddressCoordinator(mContext, mConfig));
     }
@@ -572,4 +574,41 @@
         assertEquals("Wrong local hotspot prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.134.5/24"),
                 localHotspotAddress);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartedPrefixRange() throws Exception {
+        when(mConfig.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("192.168.0.0/16", 0);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("192.168.0.0/16", 1);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("192.168.0.0/16", 0xffff);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("172.16.0.0/12", 0x10000);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("172.16.0.0/12", 0x11111);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("172.16.0.0/12", 0xfffff);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("10.0.0.0/8", 0x100000);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("10.0.0.0/8", 0x1fffff);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("10.0.0.0/8", 0xffffff);
+
+        startedPrefixBaseTest("192.168.0.0/16", 0x1000000);
+    }
+
+    private void startedPrefixBaseTest(final String expected, final int randomIntForPrefixBase)
+            throws Exception {
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = spy(new PrivateAddressCoordinator(mContext, mConfig));
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(randomIntForPrefixBase);
+        final LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix prefixBase = new IpPrefix(expected);
+        assertTrue(address + " is not part of " + prefixBase,
+                prefixBase.containsPrefix(asIpPrefix(address)));
+
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
index aa322dc..dd51c7a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
@@ -754,4 +754,27 @@
                 new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID, mDeps);
         assertEquals(p2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength, p2pCfg.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength());
     }
+
+    private void setTetherEnableSyncSMFlagEnabled(Boolean enabled) {
+        mDeps.setFeatureEnabled(TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_ENABLE_SYNC_SM, enabled);
+        new TetheringConfiguration(
+                mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID, mDeps).readEnableSyncSM(mMockContext);
+    }
+
+    private void assertEnableSyncSM(boolean value) {
+        assertEquals(value, TetheringConfiguration.USE_SYNC_SM);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnableSyncSMFlag() throws Exception {
+        // Test default disabled
+        setTetherEnableSyncSMFlagEnabled(null);
+        assertEnableSyncSM(false);
+
+        setTetherEnableSyncSMFlagEnabled(true);
+        assertEnableSyncSM(true);
+
+        setTetherEnableSyncSMFlagEnabled(false);
+        assertEnableSyncSM(false);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 6eba590..9f430af 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -187,7 +187,6 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
@@ -310,6 +309,7 @@
     private BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver;
     private Tethering mTethering;
     private TestTetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
+    private Tethering.TetherMainSM mTetherMainSM;
     private PhoneStateListener mPhoneStateListener;
     private InterfaceConfigurationParcel mInterfaceConfiguration;
     private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
@@ -319,6 +319,7 @@
     private SoftApCallback mSoftApCallback;
     private SoftApCallback mLocalOnlyHotspotCallback;
     private UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
+    private UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EventListener mEventListener;
     private TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
 
     private TestConnectivityManager mCm;
@@ -432,55 +433,54 @@
     }
 
     public class MockTetheringDependencies extends TetheringDependencies {
-        StateMachine mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM;
         ArrayList<IpServer> mAllDownstreams;
 
         @Override
-        public BpfCoordinator getBpfCoordinator(
+        public BpfCoordinator makeBpfCoordinator(
                 BpfCoordinator.Dependencies deps) {
             return mBpfCoordinator;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public OffloadHardwareInterface getOffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log) {
+        public OffloadHardwareInterface makeOffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log) {
             return mOffloadHardwareInterface;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public OffloadController getOffloadController(Handler h, SharedLog log,
+        public OffloadController makeOffloadController(Handler h, SharedLog log,
                 OffloadController.Dependencies deps) {
-            mOffloadCtrl = spy(super.getOffloadController(h, log, deps));
+            mOffloadCtrl = spy(super.makeOffloadController(h, log, deps));
             // Return real object here instead of mock because
             // testReportFailCallbackIfOffloadNotSupported depend on real OffloadController object.
             return mOffloadCtrl;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public UpstreamNetworkMonitor getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx,
-                StateMachine target, SharedLog log, int what) {
+        public UpstreamNetworkMonitor makeUpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx, Handler h,
+                SharedLog log, UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EventListener listener) {
             // Use a real object instead of a mock so that some tests can use a real UNM and some
             // can use a mock.
-            mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM = target;
-            mUpstreamNetworkMonitor = spy(super.getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(ctx, target, log, what));
+            mEventListener = listener;
+            mUpstreamNetworkMonitor = spy(super.makeUpstreamNetworkMonitor(ctx, h, log, listener));
             return mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public IPv6TetheringCoordinator getIPv6TetheringCoordinator(
+        public IPv6TetheringCoordinator makeIPv6TetheringCoordinator(
                 ArrayList<IpServer> notifyList, SharedLog log) {
             mAllDownstreams = notifyList;
             return mIPv6TetheringCoordinator;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public IpServer.Dependencies getIpServerDependencies() {
+        public IpServer.Dependencies makeIpServerDependencies() {
             return mIpServerDependencies;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public EntitlementManager getEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
+        public EntitlementManager makeEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
                 Runnable callback) {
-            mEntitleMgr = spy(super.getEntitlementManager(ctx, h, log, callback));
+            mEntitleMgr = spy(super.makeEntitlementManager(ctx, h, log, callback));
             return mEntitleMgr;
         }
 
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public Looper getTetheringLooper() {
+        public Looper makeTetheringLooper() {
             return mLooper.getLooper();
         }
 
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public TetheringNotificationUpdater getNotificationUpdater(Context ctx, Looper looper) {
+        public TetheringNotificationUpdater makeNotificationUpdater(Context ctx, Looper looper) {
             return mNotificationUpdater;
         }
 
@@ -528,19 +528,19 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public TetheringMetrics getTetheringMetrics() {
+        public TetheringMetrics makeTetheringMetrics() {
             return mTetheringMetrics;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public PrivateAddressCoordinator getPrivateAddressCoordinator(Context ctx,
+        public PrivateAddressCoordinator makePrivateAddressCoordinator(Context ctx,
                 TetheringConfiguration cfg) {
-            mPrivateAddressCoordinator = super.getPrivateAddressCoordinator(ctx, cfg);
+            mPrivateAddressCoordinator = super.makePrivateAddressCoordinator(ctx, cfg);
             return mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public BluetoothPanShim getBluetoothPanShim(BluetoothPan pan) {
+        public BluetoothPanShim makeBluetoothPanShim(BluetoothPan pan) {
             try {
                 when(mBluetoothPanShim.requestTetheredInterface(
                         any(), any())).thenReturn(mTetheredInterfaceRequestShim);
@@ -688,6 +688,7 @@
     private void initTetheringOnTestThread() throws Exception {
         mLooper = new TestLooper();
         mTethering = new Tethering(mTetheringDependencies);
+        mTetherMainSM = mTethering.getTetherMainSMForTesting();
         verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerNetworkStatsProvider(anyString(), any());
         verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(any());
         verifyDefaultNetworkRequestFiled();
@@ -1182,10 +1183,7 @@
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
 
         // Upstream LinkProperties changed: UpstreamNetworkMonitor sends EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES.
-        mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM.sendMessage(
-                Tethering.TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK,
-                UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES,
-                0,
+        mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES,
                 upstreamState);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
 
@@ -2713,14 +2711,12 @@
     @Test
     public void testUpstreamNetworkChanged() throws Exception {
         initTetheringOnTestThread();
-        final Tethering.TetherMainSM stateMachine = (Tethering.TetherMainSM)
-                mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM;
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNotificationUpdater);
 
         // Gain upstream.
         final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
-        stateMachine.chooseUpstreamType(true);
+        mTetherMainSM.chooseUpstreamType(true);
         mTetheringEventCallback.expectUpstreamChanged(upstreamState.network);
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater)
                 .onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(upstreamState.networkCapabilities);
@@ -2728,7 +2724,7 @@
         // Set the upstream with the same network ID but different object and the same capability.
         final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState2 = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState2);
-        stateMachine.chooseUpstreamType(true);
+        mTetherMainSM.chooseUpstreamType(true);
         // Expect that no upstream change event and capabilities changed event.
         mTetheringEventCallback.assertNoUpstreamChangeCallback();
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater, never()).onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(any());
@@ -2738,17 +2734,17 @@
         assertFalse(upstreamState3.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
         upstreamState3.networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState3);
-        stateMachine.chooseUpstreamType(true);
+        mTetherMainSM.chooseUpstreamType(true);
         // Expect that no upstream change event and capabilities changed event.
         mTetheringEventCallback.assertNoUpstreamChangeCallback();
-        stateMachine.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState3);
+        mTetherMainSM.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState3);
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater)
                 .onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(upstreamState3.networkCapabilities);
 
 
         // Lose upstream.
         initTetheringUpstream(null);
-        stateMachine.chooseUpstreamType(true);
+        mTetherMainSM.chooseUpstreamType(true);
         mTetheringEventCallback.expectUpstreamChanged(NULL_NETWORK);
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater).onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null);
     }
@@ -2756,17 +2752,15 @@
     @Test
     public void testUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged() throws Exception {
         initTetheringOnTestThread();
-        final Tethering.TetherMainSM stateMachine = (Tethering.TetherMainSM)
-                mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM;
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNotificationUpdater);
         final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
 
-        stateMachine.chooseUpstreamType(true);
+        mTetherMainSM.chooseUpstreamType(true);
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater)
                 .onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(upstreamState.networkCapabilities);
 
-        stateMachine.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState);
+        mTetherMainSM.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState);
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater)
                 .onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(upstreamState.networkCapabilities);
 
@@ -2775,7 +2769,7 @@
         // Expect that capability is changed with new capability VALIDATED.
         assertFalse(upstreamState.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
         upstreamState.networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
-        stateMachine.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState);
+        mTetherMainSM.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState);
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater)
                 .onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(upstreamState.networkCapabilities);
 
@@ -2784,7 +2778,7 @@
         final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState2 = new UpstreamNetworkState(
                 upstreamState.linkProperties, upstreamState.networkCapabilities,
                 new Network(WIFI_NETID));
-        stateMachine.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState2);
+        mTetherMainSM.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState2);
         inOrder.verify(mNotificationUpdater, never()).onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(any());
     }
 
@@ -2816,12 +2810,10 @@
         final FileDescriptor mockFd = mock(FileDescriptor.class);
         final PrintWriter mockPw = mock(PrintWriter.class);
         runUsbTethering(null);
-        mLooper.startAutoDispatch();
         mTethering.dump(mockFd, mockPw, new String[0]);
         verify(mConfig).dump(any());
         verify(mEntitleMgr).dump(any());
         verify(mOffloadCtrl).dump(any());
-        mLooper.stopAutoDispatch();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -2907,11 +2899,7 @@
             final String iface, final int transportType) {
         final UpstreamNetworkState upstream = buildV4UpstreamState(ipv4Address, network, iface,
                 transportType);
-        mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM.sendMessage(
-                Tethering.TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK,
-                UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES,
-                0,
-                upstream);
+        mEventListener.onUpstreamEvent(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES, upstream);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
     }
 
@@ -3634,6 +3622,42 @@
                 InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(ifaceConfig.ipv4Addr), ifaceConfig.prefixLength);
         assertFalse(sapPrefix.equals(lohsPrefix));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWifiTetheringWhenP2pActive() throws Exception {
+        initTetheringOnTestThread();
+        // Enable wifi P2P.
+        sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(true, true, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verifyInterfaceServingModeStarted(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        // Verify never enable upstream if only P2P active.
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).setTryCell(true);
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_P2P_IFNAME));
+
+        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any())).thenReturn(true);
+        // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+                null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mWifiManager).startTetheredHotspot(null);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER);
+
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
+    }
+
     // TODO: Test that a request for hotspot mode doesn't interfere with an
     // already operating tethering mode interface.
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
index e756bd3..90fd709 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
@@ -51,27 +53,23 @@
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.Looper;
-import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.State;
-import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.NetworkRequestInfo;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.TestNetworkAgent;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 
-import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -84,8 +82,6 @@
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
 public class UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest {
-    private static final int EVENT_UNM_UPDATE = 1;
-
     private static final boolean INCLUDES = true;
     private static final boolean EXCLUDES = false;
 
@@ -102,32 +98,24 @@
     @Mock private EntitlementManager mEntitleMgr;
     @Mock private IConnectivityManager mCS;
     @Mock private SharedLog mLog;
+    @Mock private UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EventListener mListener;
 
-    private TestStateMachine mSM;
     private TestConnectivityManager mCM;
     private UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUNM;
 
     private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
+    private InOrder mCallbackOrder;
 
     @Before public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
-        reset(mContext);
-        reset(mCS);
-        reset(mLog);
         when(mLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mLog);
         when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
 
+        mCallbackOrder = inOrder(mListener);
         mCM = spy(new TestConnectivityManager(mContext, mCS));
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mCM);
-        mSM = new TestStateMachine(mLooper.getLooper());
-        mUNM = new UpstreamNetworkMonitor(mContext, mSM, mLog, EVENT_UNM_UPDATE);
-    }
-
-    @After public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        if (mSM != null) {
-            mSM.quit();
-            mSM = null;
-        }
+        mUNM = new UpstreamNetworkMonitor(mContext, new Handler(mLooper.getLooper()), mLog,
+                mListener);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -603,14 +591,17 @@
         mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(cellAgent);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verifyCurrentLinkProperties(cellAgent);
-        int messageIndex = mSM.messages.size() - 1;
+        verifyNotifyNetworkCapabilitiesChange(cellAgent.networkCapabilities);
+        verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(cellLp);
+        verifyNotifyDefaultSwitch(cellAgent);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mListener);
 
         addLinkAddresses(cellLp, ipv6Addr1);
         mCM.sendLinkProperties(cellAgent, false /* updateDefaultFirst */);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verifyCurrentLinkProperties(cellAgent);
-        verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(messageIndex);
-        messageIndex = mSM.messages.size() - 1;
+        verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(cellLp);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mListener);
 
         removeLinkAddresses(cellLp, ipv6Addr1);
         addLinkAddresses(cellLp, ipv6Addr2);
@@ -618,7 +609,8 @@
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         assertEquals(cellAgent.linkProperties, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().linkProperties);
         verifyCurrentLinkProperties(cellAgent);
-        verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(messageIndex);
+        verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(cellLp);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mListener);
     }
 
     private void verifyCurrentLinkProperties(TestNetworkAgent agent) {
@@ -626,12 +618,33 @@
         assertEquals(agent.linkProperties, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().linkProperties);
     }
 
-    private void verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(int lastMessageIndex) {
-        assertEquals(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES,
-                mSM.messages.get(++lastMessageIndex).arg1);
-        assertEquals(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES,
-                mSM.messages.get(++lastMessageIndex).arg1);
-        assertEquals(lastMessageIndex + 1, mSM.messages.size());
+    private void verifyNotifyNetworkCapabilitiesChange(final NetworkCapabilities cap) {
+        mCallbackOrder.verify(mListener).onUpstreamEvent(
+                eq(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES),
+                argThat(uns -> uns instanceof UpstreamNetworkState
+                    && cap.equals(((UpstreamNetworkState) uns).networkCapabilities)));
+
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(final LinkProperties lp) {
+        mCallbackOrder.verify(mListener).onUpstreamEvent(
+                eq(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES),
+                argThat(uns -> uns instanceof UpstreamNetworkState
+                    && lp.equals(((UpstreamNetworkState) uns).linkProperties)));
+
+        mCallbackOrder.verify(mListener).onUpstreamEvent(
+                eq(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES), any());
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNotifyDefaultSwitch(TestNetworkAgent agent) {
+        mCallbackOrder.verify(mListener).onUpstreamEvent(
+                eq(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED),
+                argThat(uns ->
+                    uns instanceof UpstreamNetworkState
+                    && agent.networkId.equals(((UpstreamNetworkState) uns).network)
+                    && agent.linkProperties.equals(((UpstreamNetworkState) uns).linkProperties)
+                    && agent.networkCapabilities.equals(
+                        ((UpstreamNetworkState) uns).networkCapabilities)));
     }
 
     private void addLinkAddresses(LinkProperties lp, String... addrs) {
@@ -673,33 +686,6 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    public static class TestStateMachine extends StateMachine {
-        public final ArrayList<Message> messages = new ArrayList<>();
-        private final State mLoggingState = new LoggingState();
-
-        class LoggingState extends State {
-            @Override public void enter() {
-                messages.clear();
-            }
-
-            @Override public void exit() {
-                messages.clear();
-            }
-
-            @Override public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
-                messages.add(msg);
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public TestStateMachine(Looper looper) {
-            super("UpstreamNetworkMonitor.TestStateMachine", looper);
-            addState(mLoggingState);
-            setInitialState(mLoggingState);
-            super.start();
-        }
-    }
-
     static void assertPrefixSet(Set<IpPrefix> prefixes, boolean expectation, String... expected) {
         final Set<String> expectedSet = new HashSet<>();
         Collections.addAll(expectedSet, expected);
diff --git a/bpf_progs/Android.bp b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
index cdf47e7..1958aa8 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/Android.bp
+++ b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 // struct definitions shared with JNI
 //
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -93,13 +94,13 @@
 }
 
 bpf {
-    name: "offload@btf.o",
-    srcs: ["offload@btf.c"],
+    name: "offload@mainline.o",
+    srcs: ["offload@mainline.c"],
     btf: true,
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
-        "-DBTF",
+        "-DMAINLINE",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -113,13 +114,13 @@
 }
 
 bpf {
-    name: "test@btf.o",
-    srcs: ["test@btf.c"],
+    name: "test@mainline.o",
+    srcs: ["test@mainline.c"],
     btf: true,
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
-        "-DBTF",
+        "-DMAINLINE",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/block.c b/bpf_progs/block.c
index 0a2b0b8..152dda6 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/block.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/block.c
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T bpfloader
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+// The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
index addb02f..f83e5ae 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 #define __kernel_udphdr udphdr
 #include <linux/udp.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T bpfloader
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+// The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
@@ -265,6 +265,10 @@
         *(struct iphdr*)data = ip;
     }
 
+    // Count successfully translated packet
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(&v->packets, 1);
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(&v->bytes, skb->len - l2_header_size);
+
     // Redirect, possibly back to same interface, so tcpdump sees packet twice.
     if (v->oif) return bpf_redirect(v->oif, BPF_F_INGRESS);
 
@@ -416,6 +420,10 @@
     // Copy over the new ipv6 header without an ethernet header.
     *(struct ipv6hdr*)data = ip6;
 
+    // Count successfully translated packet
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(&v->packets, 1);
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(&v->bytes, skb->len);
+
     // Redirect to non v4-* interface.  Tcpdump only sees packet after this redirect.
     return bpf_redirect(v->oif, 0 /* this is effectively BPF_F_EGRESS */);
 }
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.h b/bpf_progs/clatd.h
index b5f1cdc..a75798f 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.h
@@ -39,8 +39,10 @@
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t oif;           // The output interface to redirect to (0 means don't redirect)
     struct in_addr local4;  // The destination IPv4 address
+    uint64_t packets;       // Count of translated gso (large) packets
+    uint64_t bytes;         // Sum of post-translation skb->len
 } ClatIngress6Value;
-STRUCT_SIZE(ClatIngress6Value, 4 + 4);  // 8
+STRUCT_SIZE(ClatIngress6Value, 4 + 4 + 8 + 8);  // 24
 
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t iif;           // The input interface index
@@ -54,7 +56,9 @@
     struct in6_addr pfx96;   // The destination /96 nat64 prefix, bottom 32 bits must be 0
     bool oifIsEthernet;      // Whether the output interface requires ethernet header
     uint8_t pad[3];
+    uint64_t packets;       // Count of translated gso (large) packets
+    uint64_t bytes;         // Sum of post-translation skb->len
 } ClatEgress4Value;
-STRUCT_SIZE(ClatEgress4Value, 4 + 2 * 16 + 1 + 3);  // 40
+STRUCT_SIZE(ClatEgress4Value, 4 + 2 * 16 + 1 + 3 + 8 + 8);  // 56
 
 #undef STRUCT_SIZE
diff --git a/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c b/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
index e845a69..ed114e4 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T bpfloader
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+// The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "dscpPolicy.h"
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index f223dd1..c3acaad 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T bpfloader
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+// The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include <bpf_helpers.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@
 // A single-element configuration array, packet tracing is enabled when 'true'.
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(packet_trace_enabled_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, bool, 1,
                    AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", PRIVATE,
-                   BPFLOADER_IGNORED_ON_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
+                   BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
                    LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 
 // A ring buffer on which packet information is pushed.
 DEFINE_BPF_RINGBUF_EXT(packet_trace_ringbuf, PacketTrace, PACKET_TRACE_BUF_SIZE,
                        AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", PRIVATE,
-                       BPFLOADER_IGNORED_ON_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
+                       BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
                        LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG);
 
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RO_NETD(data_saver_enabled_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, bool,
@@ -407,6 +407,9 @@
 
     BpfConfig enabledRules = getConfig(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
 
+    // BACKGROUND match does not apply to loopback traffic
+    if (skb->ifindex == 1) enabledRules &= ~BACKGROUND_MATCH;
+
     UidOwnerValue* uidEntry = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&uid);
     uint32_t uidRules = uidEntry ? uidEntry->rule : 0;
     uint32_t allowed_iif = uidEntry ? uidEntry->iif : 0;
@@ -446,8 +449,18 @@
                                                       const struct egress_bool egress,
                                                       const bool enable_tracing,
                                                       const struct kver_uint kver) {
+    // sock_uid will be 'overflowuid' if !sk_fullsock(sk_to_full_sk(skb->sk))
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
-    uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb);
+
+    // kernel's DEFAULT_OVERFLOWUID is 65534, this is the overflow 'nobody' uid,
+    // usually this being returned means that skb->sk is NULL during RX
+    // (early decap socket lookup failure), which commonly happens for incoming
+    // packets to an unconnected udp socket.
+    // But it can also happen for egress from a timewait socket.
+    // Let's treat such cases as 'root' which is_system_uid()
+    if (sock_uid == 65534) sock_uid = 0;
+
+    uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb);  // 0 iff !skb->sk
     UidTagValue* utag = bpf_cookie_tag_map_lookup_elem(&cookie);
     uint32_t uid, tag;
     if (utag) {
@@ -506,7 +519,7 @@
 // This program is optional, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+ on user builds.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$trace_user", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_ingress_trace_user, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_IGNORED_ON_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
                     IGNORE_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, IGNORE_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
@@ -516,7 +529,7 @@
 // This program is required, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+, userdebug/eng.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$trace", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_ingress_trace, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_IGNORED_ON_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
                     LOAD_ON_ENG, IGNORE_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
@@ -538,9 +551,9 @@
 // This program is optional, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+ on user builds.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/egress/stats$trace_user", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_egress_trace_user, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_IGNORED_ON_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
-                    LOAD_ON_ENG, IGNORE_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+                    IGNORE_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, IGNORE_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, TRACE_ON, KVER_5_8);
 }
@@ -548,7 +561,7 @@
 // This program is required, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+, userdebug/eng.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/egress/stats$trace", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_egress_trace, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_IGNORED_ON_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
                     LOAD_ON_ENG, IGNORE_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
@@ -616,12 +629,13 @@
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
     if (is_system_uid(sock_uid)) return BPF_MATCH;
 
-    // 65534 is the overflow 'nobody' uid, usually this being returned means
-    // that skb->sk is NULL during RX (early decap socket lookup failure),
-    // which commonly happens for incoming packets to an unconnected udp socket.
-    // Additionally bpf_get_socket_cookie() returns 0 if skb->sk is NULL
-    if ((sock_uid == 65534) && !bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb) && is_received_skb(skb))
-        return BPF_MATCH;
+    // kernel's DEFAULT_OVERFLOWUID is 65534, this is the overflow 'nobody' uid,
+    // usually this being returned means that skb->sk is NULL during RX
+    // (early decap socket lookup failure), which commonly happens for incoming
+    // packets to an unconnected udp socket.
+    // But it can also happen for egress from a timewait socket.
+    // Let's treat such cases as 'root' which is_system_uid()
+    if (sock_uid == 65534) return BPF_MATCH;
 
     UidOwnerValue* allowlistMatch = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&sock_uid);
     if (allowlistMatch) return allowlistMatch->rule & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH ? BPF_MATCH : BPF_NOMATCH;
@@ -633,7 +647,8 @@
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
     UidOwnerValue* denylistMatch = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&sock_uid);
-    if (denylistMatch) return denylistMatch->rule & PENALTY_BOX_MATCH ? BPF_MATCH : BPF_NOMATCH;
+    uint32_t penalty_box = PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
+    if (denylistMatch) return denylistMatch->rule & penalty_box ? BPF_MATCH : BPF_NOMATCH;
     return BPF_NOMATCH;
 }
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.h b/bpf_progs/netd.h
index d1fc58d..8a56b4a 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.h
@@ -178,10 +178,10 @@
 #endif // __cplusplus
 
 // LINT.IfChange(match_type)
-enum UidOwnerMatchType {
+enum UidOwnerMatchType : uint32_t {
     NO_MATCH = 0,
     HAPPY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 0),
-    PENALTY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 1),
+    PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH = (1 << 1),
     DOZABLE_MATCH = (1 << 2),
     STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 3),
     POWERSAVE_MATCH = (1 << 4),
@@ -192,17 +192,19 @@
     OEM_DENY_1_MATCH = (1 << 9),
     OEM_DENY_2_MATCH = (1 << 10),
     OEM_DENY_3_MATCH = (1 << 11),
+    BACKGROUND_MATCH = (1 << 12),
+    PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH = (1 << 13),
 };
 // LINT.ThenChange(../framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java)
 
-enum BpfPermissionMatch {
+enum BpfPermissionMatch : uint8_t {
     BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET = 1 << 2,
     BPF_PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 1 << 3,
 };
 // In production we use two identical stats maps to record per uid stats and
 // do swap and clean based on the configuration specified here. The statsMapType
 // value in configuration map specified which map is currently in use.
-enum StatsMapType {
+enum StatsMapType : uint32_t {
     SELECT_MAP_A,
     SELECT_MAP_B,
 };
@@ -244,7 +246,8 @@
 // DROP_IF_SET is set of rules that DROP if rule is globally enabled, and per-uid bit is set
 #define DROP_IF_SET (STANDBY_MATCH | OEM_DENY_1_MATCH | OEM_DENY_2_MATCH | OEM_DENY_3_MATCH)
 // DROP_IF_UNSET is set of rules that should DROP if globally enabled, and per-uid bit is NOT set
-#define DROP_IF_UNSET (DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH | LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH)
+#define DROP_IF_UNSET (DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH \
+                        | LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH | BACKGROUND_MATCH)
 
 // Warning: funky bit-wise arithmetic: in parallel, for all DROP_IF_SET/UNSET rules
 // check whether the rules are globally enabled, and if so whether the rules are
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
index 90f96a1..4f152bf 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@
 #define __kernel_udphdr udphdr
 #include <linux/udp.h>
 
-#ifdef BTF
+#ifdef MAINLINE
 // BTF is incompatible with bpfloaders < v0.10, hence for S (v0.2) we must
 // ship a different file than for later versions, but we need bpfloader v0.25+
 // for obj@ver.o support
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#else /* BTF */
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
+#else /* MAINLINE */
 // The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader
 #define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_S_VERSION
-#define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#endif /* BTF */
+#define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+#endif /* MAINLINE */
 
 // Warning: values other than AID_ROOT don't work for map uid on BpfLoader < v0.21
 #define TETHERING_UID AID_ROOT
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload@btf.c b/bpf_progs/offload@mainline.c
similarity index 100%
rename from bpf_progs/offload@btf.c
rename to bpf_progs/offload@mainline.c
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test.c b/bpf_progs/test.c
index 70b08b7..fff3512 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/test.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/test.c
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@
 #include <linux/in.h>
 #include <linux/ip.h>
 
-#ifdef BTF
+#ifdef MAINLINE
 // BTF is incompatible with bpfloaders < v0.10, hence for S (v0.2) we must
 // ship a different file than for later versions, but we need bpfloader v0.25+
 // for obj@ver.o support
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#else /* BTF */
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
+#else /* MAINLINE */
 // The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader
 #define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_S_VERSION
-#define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#endif /* BTF */
+#define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+#endif /* MAINLINE */
 
 // Warning: values other than AID_ROOT don't work for map uid on BpfLoader < v0.21
 #define TETHERING_UID AID_ROOT
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test@btf.c b/bpf_progs/test@mainline.c
similarity index 100%
rename from bpf_progs/test@btf.c
rename to bpf_progs/test@mainline.c
diff --git a/clatd/Android.bp b/clatd/Android.bp
index 595c6b9..43eb2d8 100644
--- a/clatd/Android.bp
+++ b/clatd/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["external_android-clat_license"],
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@
     defaults: ["clatd_defaults"],
     srcs: [
         ":clatd_common",
-        "main.c"
+        "main.c",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libip_checksum",
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@
     defaults: ["clatd_defaults"],
     srcs: [
         ":clatd_common",
-        "clatd_test.cpp"
+        "clatd_test.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libbase",
diff --git a/common/Android.bp b/common/Android.bp
index 1d73a46..5fabf41 100644
--- a/common/Android.bp
+++ b/common/Android.bp
@@ -15,17 +15,18 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-build = ["TrunkStable.bp"]
+build = ["FlaggedApi.bp"]
 
 // This is a placeholder comment to avoid merge conflicts
 // as the above target may not exist
 // depending on the branch
 
-// The library requires the final artifact to contain net-utils-device-common-struct.
+// The library requires the final artifact to contain net-utils-device-common-struct-base.
 java_library {
     name: "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
     srcs: [
@@ -44,10 +45,12 @@
         // For libraries which are statically linked in framework-connectivity, do not
         // statically link here because callers of this library might already have a static
         // version linked.
-        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+    },
 }
diff --git a/common/FlaggedApi.bp b/common/FlaggedApi.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21be1d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/FlaggedApi.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+    package: "com.android.net.flags",
+    container: "com.android.tethering",
+    srcs: ["flags.aconfig"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "com.android.net.thread.flags-aconfig",
+    package: "com.android.net.thread.flags",
+    container: "com.android.tethering",
+    srcs: ["thread_flags.aconfig"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+aconfig_declarations {
+    name: "nearby_flags",
+    package: "com.android.nearby.flags",
+    container: "com.android.tethering",
+    srcs: ["nearby_flags.aconfig"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
diff --git a/common/OWNERS b/common/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7f5d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+per-file thread_flags.aconfig = file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/thread/OWNERS
diff --git a/common/flags.aconfig b/common/flags.aconfig
index 0c46b48..6c3e89d 100644
--- a/common/flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/flags.aconfig
@@ -1,28 +1,12 @@
 package: "com.android.net.flags"
+container: "com.android.tethering"
 
-flag {
-  name: "track_multiple_network_activities"
-  namespace: "android_core_networking"
-  description: "NetworkActivityTracker tracks multiple networks including non default networks"
-  bug: "267870186"
-}
-
-flag {
-  name: "forbidden_capability"
-  namespace: "android_core_networking"
-  description: "This flag controls the forbidden capability API"
-  bug: "302997505"
-}
-
-flag {
-  name: "nsd_expired_services_removal"
-  namespace: "android_core_networking"
-  description: "Remove expired services from MdnsServiceCache"
-  bug: "304649384"
-}
+# This file contains aconfig flags for FlaggedAPI annotations
+# Flags used from platform code must be in under frameworks
 
 flag {
   name: "set_data_saver_via_cm"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Set data saver through ConnectivityManager API"
   bug: "297836825"
@@ -30,7 +14,96 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "support_is_uid_networking_blocked"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "This flag controls whether isUidNetworkingBlocked is supported"
   bug: "297836825"
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "basic_background_restrictions_enabled"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Block network access for apps in a low importance background state"
+  bug: "304347838"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "ipsec_transform_state"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking_ipsec"
+  description: "The flag controls the access for getIpSecTransformState and IpSecTransformState"
+  bug: "308011229"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "The flag controls the access for the parcelable TetheringRequest with getSoftApConfiguration/setSoftApConfiguration API"
+  bug: "216524590"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "request_restricted_wifi"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for API to support requesting restricted wifi"
+  bug: "315835605"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "net_capability_local_network"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for local network capability API"
+  bug: "313000440"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "support_transport_satellite"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for satellite transport API"
+  bug: "320514105"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "nsd_subtypes_support_enabled"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for API to support nsd subtypes"
+  bug: "265095929"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "register_nsd_offload_engine_api"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for API to register nsd offload engine"
+  bug: "301713539"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "metered_network_firewall_chains"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for metered network firewall chain API"
+  bug: "332628891"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "blocked_reason_oem_deny_chains"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for oem deny chains blocked reasons API"
+  bug: "328732146"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "blocked_reason_network_restricted"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED API"
+  bug: "339559837"
+}
diff --git a/common/nearby_flags.aconfig b/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55a865b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package: "com.android.nearby.flags"
+container: "com.android.tethering"
+
+flag {
+    name: "powered_off_finding"
+    is_exported: true
+    namespace: "nearby"
+    description: "Controls whether the Powered Off Finding feature is enabled"
+    bug: "307898240"
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
index 69fab09..71f7516 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
@@ -36,11 +36,24 @@
     @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
     public final short oifIsEthernet; // Whether the output interface requires ethernet header
 
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long packets; // Count of translated gso (large) packets
+
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long bytes; // Sum of post-translation skb->len
+
     public ClatEgress4Value(final int oif, final Inet6Address local6, final Inet6Address pfx96,
-            final short oifIsEthernet) {
+            final short oifIsEthernet, final long packets, final long bytes) {
         this.oif = oif;
         this.local6 = local6;
         this.pfx96 = pfx96;
         this.oifIsEthernet = oifIsEthernet;
+        this.packets = packets;
+        this.bytes = bytes;
+    }
+
+    public ClatEgress4Value(final int oif, final Inet6Address local6, final Inet6Address pfx96,
+            final short oifIsEthernet) {
+        this(oif, local6, pfx96, oifIsEthernet, 0, 0);
     }
 }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
index fb81caa..25f737b 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
@@ -30,8 +30,21 @@
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv4Address)
     public final Inet4Address local4; // The destination IPv4 address
 
-    public ClatIngress6Value(final int oif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long packets; // Count of translated gso (large) packets
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long bytes; // Sum of post-translation skb->len
+
+    public ClatIngress6Value(final int oif, final Inet4Address local4, final long packets,
+            final long bytes) {
         this.oif = oif;
         this.local4 = local4;
+        this.packets = packets;
+        this.bytes = bytes;
+    }
+
+    public ClatIngress6Value(final int oif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+        this(oif, local4, 0, 0);
     }
 }
diff --git a/thread/flags/thread_base.aconfig b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
similarity index 77%
rename from thread/flags/thread_base.aconfig
rename to common/thread_flags.aconfig
index bf1f288..43acd1b 100644
--- a/thread/flags/thread_base.aconfig
+++ b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package: "com.android.net.thread.flags"
+container: "com.android.tethering"
 
 flag {
     name: "thread_enabled"
+    is_exported: true
     namespace: "thread_network"
     description: "Controls whether the Android Thread feature is enabled"
     bug: "301473012"
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index d177ea9..bc919ac 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@
     name: "enable-framework-connectivity-t-targets",
     enabled: true,
 }
+
 // The above defaults can be used to disable framework-connectivity t
 // targets while minimizing merge conflicts in the build rules.
 
@@ -57,6 +59,10 @@
         "app-compat-annotations",
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
     ],
+    static_libs: [
+        // Cannot go to framework-connectivity because mid_sdk checks require 31.
+        "modules-utils-binary-xml",
+    ],
     impl_only_libs: [
         // The build system will use framework-bluetooth module_current stubs, because
         // of sdk_version: "module_current" above.
@@ -112,6 +118,7 @@
         "framework-bluetooth",
         "framework-wifi",
         "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "framework-location.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
@@ -124,7 +131,6 @@
     defaults: [
         "framework-connectivity-t-defaults",
         "enable-framework-connectivity-t-targets",
-        "FlaggedApiDefaults",
     ],
     // Do not add static_libs to this library: put them in framework-connectivity instead.
     // The jarjar rules are only so that references to jarjared utils in
@@ -135,6 +141,7 @@
         "sdk_module-lib_current_framework-connectivity",
     ],
     libs: [
+        "framework-location.stubs.module_lib",
         "sdk_module-lib_current_framework-connectivity",
     ],
     permitted_packages: [
@@ -175,6 +182,7 @@
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//frameworks/opt/net/ethernet/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
@@ -183,10 +191,16 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/staticlibs/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/thread/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Wifi/service/tests/wifitests",
     ],
+    aconfig_declarations: [
+        "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+        "com.android.net.thread.flags-aconfig",
+        "nearby_flags",
+    ],
 }
 
 // This rule is not used anymore(b/268440216).
diff --git a/framework-t/api/OWNERS b/framework-t/api/OWNERS
index 607f85a..8ef735c 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/OWNERS
+++ b/framework-t/api/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/nearby/OWNERS
 file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/remoteauth/OWNERS
+file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/thread/OWNERS
diff --git a/framework-t/api/current.txt b/framework-t/api/current.txt
index 86745d4..9ae0cf7 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/current.txt
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@
 
   public final class IpSecTransform implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
     method public void close();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.ipsec_transform_state") public void requestIpSecTransformState(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<android.net.IpSecTransformState,java.lang.RuntimeException>);
   }
 
   public static class IpSecTransform.Builder {
@@ -138,6 +139,29 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setIpv4Encapsulation(@NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, int);
   }
 
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.ipsec_transform_state") public final class IpSecTransformState implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public long getByteCount();
+    method public long getPacketCount();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getReplayBitmap();
+    method public long getRxHighestSequenceNumber();
+    method public long getTimestampMillis();
+    method public long getTxHighestSequenceNumber();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpSecTransformState> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.ipsec_transform_state") public static final class IpSecTransformState.Builder {
+    ctor public IpSecTransformState.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransformState build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransformState.Builder setByteCount(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransformState.Builder setPacketCount(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransformState.Builder setReplayBitmap(@NonNull byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransformState.Builder setRxHighestSequenceNumber(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransformState.Builder setTimestampMillis(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransformState.Builder setTxHighestSequenceNumber(long);
+  }
+
   public class TrafficStats {
     ctor public TrafficStats();
     method public static void clearThreadStatsTag();
@@ -186,9 +210,26 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd {
 
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.nsd_subtypes_support_enabled") public final class DiscoveryRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method @NonNull public String getServiceType();
+    method @Nullable public String getSubtype();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class DiscoveryRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public DiscoveryRequest.Builder(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest.Builder setNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest.Builder setSubtype(@Nullable String);
+  }
+
   public final class NsdManager {
     method public void discoverServices(String, int, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
     method public void discoverServices(@NonNull String, int, @Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.nsd_subtypes_support_enabled") public void discoverServices(@NonNull android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void discoverServices(@NonNull String, int, @NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
     method public void registerService(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener);
     method public void registerService(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener);
@@ -251,6 +292,7 @@
     method public int getPort();
     method public String getServiceName();
     method public String getServiceType();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.nsd_subtypes_support_enabled") @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getSubtypes();
     method public void removeAttribute(String);
     method public void setAttribute(String, String);
     method @Deprecated public void setHost(java.net.InetAddress);
@@ -259,6 +301,7 @@
     method public void setPort(int);
     method public void setServiceName(String);
     method public void setServiceType(String);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.nsd_subtypes_support_enabled") public void setSubtypes(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.String>);
     method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo> CREATOR;
   }
diff --git a/framework-t/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
index 3158bd4..6f954df 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -5,3 +5,17 @@
     Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
 BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryTaggedSummary(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long):
     Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+
+
+MissingPermission: android.net.IpSecManager#startTunnelModeTransformMigration(android.net.IpSecTransform, java.net.InetAddress, java.net.InetAddress):
+    Feature field FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNEL_MIGRATION required by method android.net.IpSecManager.startTunnelModeTransformMigration(android.net.IpSecTransform, java.net.InetAddress, java.net.InetAddress) is hidden or removed
+
+
+RequiresPermission: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#registerUsageCallback(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback):
+    Method 'registerUsageCallback' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.EthernetManager#disableInterface(String, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>):
+    Method 'disableInterface' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.EthernetManager#enableInterface(String, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>):
+    Method 'enableInterface' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.EthernetManager#updateConfiguration(String, android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>):
+    Method 'updateConfiguration' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
index 23510e1..1f1953c 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
@@ -59,11 +59,17 @@
   }
 
   public class NearbyManager {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding") @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED) public int getPoweredOffFindingMode();
     method public void queryOffloadCapability(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull java.util.function.Consumer<android.nearby.OffloadCapability>);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding") @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED) public void setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(@NonNull java.util.List<byte[]>);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding") @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED) public void setPoweredOffFindingMode(int);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void startBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int startScan(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.ScanCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void stopBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void stopScan(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanCallback);
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding") public static final int POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED = 1; // 0x1
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding") public static final int POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED = 2; // 0x2
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding") public static final int POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED = 0; // 0x0
   }
 
   public final class OffloadCapability implements android.os.Parcelable {
@@ -378,11 +384,11 @@
 package android.net.nsd {
 
   public final class NsdManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void registerOffloadEngine(@NonNull String, long, long, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void unregisterOffloadEngine(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api") @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void registerOffloadEngine(@NonNull String, long, long, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api") @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void unregisterOffloadEngine(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
   }
 
-  public interface OffloadEngine {
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api") public interface OffloadEngine {
     method public void onOffloadServiceRemoved(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo);
     method public void onOffloadServiceUpdated(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo);
     field public static final int OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK = 1; // 0x1
@@ -391,7 +397,7 @@
     field public static final int OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY = 1; // 0x1
   }
 
-  public final class OffloadServiceInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api") public final class OffloadServiceInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
     ctor public OffloadServiceInfo(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo.Key, @NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>, @NonNull String, @Nullable byte[], @IntRange(from=0, to=java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE) int, long);
     method public int describeContents();
     method @NonNull public String getHostname();
@@ -418,7 +424,6 @@
 package android.net.thread {
 
   @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.thread_enabled") public final class ActiveOperationalDataset implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @NonNull public static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset createRandomDataset();
     method public int describeContents();
     method @NonNull public static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset fromThreadTlvs(@NonNull byte[]);
     method @NonNull public android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp getActiveTimestamp();
@@ -493,10 +498,56 @@
   }
 
   @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.thread_enabled") public final class ThreadNetworkController {
+    method public void createRandomizedDataset(@NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
     method public int getThreadVersion();
+    method public static boolean isAttached(int);
+    method @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void join(@NonNull android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
+    method @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void leave(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED"}) public void registerOperationalDatasetCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.OperationalDatasetCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerStateCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void scheduleMigration(@NonNull android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
+    method @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void setEnabled(boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED"}) public void unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(@NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.OperationalDatasetCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void unregisterStateCallback(@NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback);
+    field public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_ROUTER = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int STATE_DISABLED = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int STATE_DISABLING = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int STATE_ENABLED = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int THREAD_VERSION_1_3 = 4; // 0x4
   }
 
+  public static interface ThreadNetworkController.OperationalDatasetCallback {
+    method public void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(@Nullable android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset);
+    method public default void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(@Nullable android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset);
+  }
+
+  public static interface ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback {
+    method public void onDeviceRoleChanged(int);
+    method public default void onPartitionIdChanged(long);
+    method public default void onThreadEnableStateChanged(int);
+  }
+
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.thread_enabled") public class ThreadNetworkException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public ThreadNetworkException(int, @NonNull String);
+    method public int getErrorCode();
+    field public static final int ERROR_ABORTED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int ERROR_BUSY = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED = 10; // 0xa
+    field public static final int ERROR_RESPONSE_BAD_FORMAT = 9; // 0x9
+    field public static final int ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED = 12; // 0xc
+    field public static final int ERROR_TIMEOUT = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int ERROR_UNAVAILABLE = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int ERROR_UNKNOWN = 11; // 0xb
+    field public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL = 7; // 0x7
+  }
+
   @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.thread_enabled") public final class ThreadNetworkManager {
     method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController> getAllThreadNetworkControllers();
   }
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
index c6055f6..4f7af87 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,18 @@
     Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
 
 
+MissingPermission: android.net.IpSecManager#startTunnelModeTransformMigration(android.net.IpSecTransform, java.net.InetAddress, java.net.InetAddress):
+    Feature field FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNEL_MIGRATION required by method android.net.IpSecManager.startTunnelModeTransformMigration(android.net.IpSecTransform, java.net.InetAddress, java.net.InetAddress) is hidden or removed
+
+
+RequiresPermission: android.net.EthernetManager#disableInterface(String, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>):
+    Method 'disableInterface' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.EthernetManager#enableInterface(String, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>):
+    Method 'enableInterface' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.EthernetManager#updateConfiguration(String, android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest, java.util.concurrent.Executor, android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>):
+    Method 'updateConfiguration' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+
+
 UnflaggedApi: android.nearby.CredentialElement#equals(Object):
     New API must be flagged with @FlaggedApi: method android.nearby.CredentialElement.equals(Object)
 UnflaggedApi: android.nearby.CredentialElement#hashCode():
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
index d139544..18c839f 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
@@ -510,6 +510,27 @@
      * Query network usage statistics details for a given uid.
      * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
      *
+     * @param networkType As defined in {@link ConnectivityManager}, e.g.
+     *            {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}
+     *            etc.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when querying for the mobile network type to receive usage
+     *                     for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param startTime Start of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param uid UID of app
+     * @return Statistics which is described above.
+     * @throws SecurityException if permissions are insufficient to read network statistics.
      * @see #queryDetailsForUidTagState(int, String, long, long, int, int, int)
      */
     @NonNull
@@ -731,8 +752,8 @@
     /**
      * Query realtime mobile network usage statistics.
      *
-     * Return a snapshot of current UID network statistics, as it applies
-     * to the mobile radios of the device. The snapshot will include any
+     * Return a snapshot of current UID network statistics for both cellular and satellite (which
+     * also uses same mobile radio as cellular) when called. The snapshot will include any
      * tethering traffic, video calling data usage and count of
      * network operations set by {@link TrafficStats#incrementOperationCount}
      * made over a mobile radio.
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
index d89964d..d7cff2c 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 import android.net.thread.IThreadNetworkManager;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager;
 
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
 /**
  * Class for performing registration for Connectivity services which are exposed via updatable APIs
  * since Android T.
@@ -83,14 +85,17 @@
                 }
         );
 
-        SystemServiceRegistry.registerStaticService(
-                MDnsManager.MDNS_SERVICE,
-                MDnsManager.class,
-                (serviceBinder) -> {
-                    IMDns service = IMDns.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
-                    return new MDnsManager(service);
-                }
-        );
+        // mdns service is removed from Netd from Android V.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            SystemServiceRegistry.registerStaticService(
+                    MDnsManager.MDNS_SERVICE,
+                    MDnsManager.class,
+                    (serviceBinder) -> {
+                        IMDns service = IMDns.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
+                        return new MDnsManager(service);
+                    }
+            );
+        }
 
         SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
                 ThreadNetworkManager.SERVICE_NAME,
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
index b8070f0..719f60d 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
@@ -642,7 +642,14 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Listen to changes in the state of ethernet.
+     * Register a IntConsumer to be called back on ethernet state changes.
+     *
+     * <p>{@link IntConsumer#accept} with the current ethernet state will be triggered immediately
+     * upon adding a listener. The same callback is invoked on Ethernet state change, i.e. when
+     * calling {@link #setEthernetEnabled}.
+     * <p>The reported state is represented by:
+     * {@link #ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED}: ethernet is now disabled.
+     * {@link #ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED}: ethernet is now enabled.
      *
      * @param executor to run callbacks on.
      * @param listener to listen ethernet state changed.
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl
index 88ffd0e..f972ab9 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.net.IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
 import android.net.IpSecSpiResponse;
 import android.net.IpSecTransformResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformState;
 import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@
 
     void deleteTransform(int transformId);
 
+    IpSecTransformState getTransformState(int transformId);
+
     void applyTransportModeTransform(
             in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int direction, int transformId);
 
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
index c86f7fd..7f0c1fe 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
@@ -101,4 +101,7 @@
      * Note that invocation of any interface will be sent to all providers.
      */
      void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(String iface, long warning, long limit);
+
+     /** Clear TrafficStats rate-limit caches. */
+     void clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches();
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
index 3afa6ef..3f74e1c 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
@@ -65,6 +65,13 @@
 public class IpSecManager {
     private static final String TAG = "IpSecManager";
 
+    // TODO : remove this class when udc-mainline-prod is abandoned and android.net.flags.Flags is
+    // available here
+    /** @hide */
+    public static class Flags {
+        static final String IPSEC_TRANSFORM_STATE = "com.android.net.flags.ipsec_transform_state";
+    }
+
     /**
      * Feature flag to declare the kernel support of updating IPsec SAs.
      *
@@ -1084,6 +1091,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
+    public IpSecTransformState getTransformState(int transformId)
+            throws IllegalStateException, RemoteException {
+        return mService.getTransformState(transformId);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Construct an instance of IpSecManager within an application context.
      *
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
index c236b6c..70c9bc8 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@
  */
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.Flags.IPSEC_TRANSFORM_STATE;
 import static android.net.IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
 
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -26,6 +29,8 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
@@ -38,6 +43,7 @@
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /**
  * This class represents a transform, which roughly corresponds to an IPsec Security Association.
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@
     private IpSecTransform activate()
             throws IOException, IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException,
                     IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException {
-        synchronized (this) {
+        synchronized (mLock) {
             try {
                 IpSecTransformResponse result = getIpSecManager(mContext).createTransform(
                         mConfig, new Binder(), mContext.getOpPackageName());
@@ -158,20 +164,23 @@
     public void close() {
         Log.d(TAG, "Removing Transform with Id " + mResourceId);
 
-        // Always safe to attempt cleanup
-        if (mResourceId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
-            mCloseGuard.close();
-            return;
-        }
-        try {
-            getIpSecManager(mContext).deleteTransform(mResourceId);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
-            // actionable by the user.
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
-        } finally {
-            mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
-            mCloseGuard.close();
+        synchronized(mLock) {
+            // Always safe to attempt cleanup
+            if (mResourceId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+                mCloseGuard.close();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                    getIpSecManager(mContext).deleteTransform(mResourceId);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
+                // actionable by the user.
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
+            } finally {
+                mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+                mCloseGuard.close();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -190,14 +199,56 @@
     }
 
     private final IpSecConfig mConfig;
-    private int mResourceId;
+    private final Object mLock = new Object();
+    private int mResourceId; // Partly guarded by mLock to ensure basic safety, not correctness
     private final Context mContext;
     private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard = CloseGuard.get();
 
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting
     public int getResourceId() {
-        return mResourceId;
+        synchronized(mLock) {
+            return mResourceId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the current state of this IpSecTransform.
+     *
+     * @param executor The {@link Executor} on which to call the supplied callback.
+     * @param callback Callback that's called after the transform state is ready or when an error
+     *     occurs.
+     * @see IpSecTransformState
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(IPSEC_TRANSFORM_STATE)
+    public void requestIpSecTransformState(
+            @CallbackExecutor @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<IpSecTransformState, RuntimeException> callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
+
+        // TODO: Consider adding check to prevent DDoS attack.
+
+        try {
+            IpSecTransformState ipSecTransformState;
+            synchronized(mLock) {
+                ipSecTransformState = getIpSecManager(mContext).getTransformState(mResourceId);
+            }
+            executor.execute(
+                    () -> {
+                        callback.onResult(ipSecTransformState);
+                    });
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            executor.execute(
+                    () -> {
+                        callback.onError(e);
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            executor.execute(
+                    () -> {
+                        callback.onError(e.rethrowFromSystemServer());
+                    });
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformState.aidl
similarity index 67%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
copy to framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformState.aidl
index 4306c99..69cce28 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformState.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
-}
+/** @hide */
+parcelable IpSecTransformState;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformState.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformState.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b80ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformState.java
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.Flags.IPSEC_TRANSFORM_STATE;
+
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility;
+
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents a snapshot of the state of an IpSecTransform
+ *
+ * <p>This class provides the current state of an IpSecTransform, enabling link metric analysis by
+ * the caller. Use cases include understanding transform usage, such as packet and byte counts, as
+ * well as observing out-of-order delivery by checking the bitmap. Additionally, callers can query
+ * IpSecTransformStates at two timestamps. By comparing the changes in packet counts and sequence
+ * numbers, callers can estimate IPsec data loss in the inbound direction.
+ */
+@FlaggedApi(IPSEC_TRANSFORM_STATE)
+public final class IpSecTransformState implements Parcelable {
+    private final long mTimestamp;
+    private final long mTxHighestSequenceNumber;
+    private final long mRxHighestSequenceNumber;
+    private final long mPacketCount;
+    private final long mByteCount;
+    private final byte[] mReplayBitmap;
+
+    private IpSecTransformState(
+            long timestamp,
+            long txHighestSequenceNumber,
+            long rxHighestSequenceNumber,
+            long packetCount,
+            long byteCount,
+            byte[] replayBitmap) {
+        mTimestamp = timestamp;
+        mTxHighestSequenceNumber = txHighestSequenceNumber;
+        mRxHighestSequenceNumber = rxHighestSequenceNumber;
+        mPacketCount = packetCount;
+        mByteCount = byteCount;
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(replayBitmap, "replayBitmap is null");
+        mReplayBitmap = replayBitmap.clone();
+
+        validate();
+    }
+
+    private void validate() {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mReplayBitmap, "mReplayBitmap is null");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deserializes a IpSecTransformState from a PersistableBundle.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = Visibility.PRIVATE)
+    public IpSecTransformState(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(in, "The input PersistableBundle is null");
+        mTimestamp = in.readLong();
+        mTxHighestSequenceNumber = in.readLong();
+        mRxHighestSequenceNumber = in.readLong();
+        mPacketCount = in.readLong();
+        mByteCount = in.readLong();
+        mReplayBitmap = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(in.readString());
+
+        validate();
+    }
+
+    // Parcelable methods
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeLong(mTimestamp);
+        out.writeLong(mTxHighestSequenceNumber);
+        out.writeLong(mRxHighestSequenceNumber);
+        out.writeLong(mPacketCount);
+        out.writeLong(mByteCount);
+        out.writeString(HexDump.toHexString(mReplayBitmap));
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<IpSecTransformState> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<IpSecTransformState>() {
+                @NonNull
+                public IpSecTransformState createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new IpSecTransformState(in);
+                }
+
+                @NonNull
+                public IpSecTransformState[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpSecTransformState[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the timestamp (milliseconds) when this state was created, as per {@link
+     * SystemClock#elapsedRealtime}
+     *
+     * @see Builder#setTimestampMillis(long)
+     */
+    public long getTimestampMillis() {
+        return mTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the highest sequence number sent so far as an unsigned long
+     *
+     * @see Builder#setTxHighestSequenceNumber(long)
+     */
+    public long getTxHighestSequenceNumber() {
+        return mTxHighestSequenceNumber;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the highest sequence number received so far as an unsigned long
+     *
+     * @see Builder#setRxHighestSequenceNumber(long)
+     */
+    public long getRxHighestSequenceNumber() {
+        return mRxHighestSequenceNumber;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the number of packets processed so far as an unsigned long.
+     *
+     * <p>The packet count direction (inbound or outbound) aligns with the direction in which the
+     * IpSecTransform is applied to.
+     *
+     * @see Builder#setPacketCount(long)
+     */
+    public long getPacketCount() {
+        return mPacketCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the number of bytes processed so far as an unsigned long
+     *
+     * <p>The byte count direction (inbound or outbound) aligns with the direction in which the
+     * IpSecTransform is applied to.
+     *
+     * @see Builder#setByteCount(long)
+     */
+    public long getByteCount() {
+        return mByteCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the replay bitmap
+     *
+     * <p>This bitmap represents a replay window, allowing the caller to observe out-of-order
+     * delivery. The last bit represents the highest sequence number received so far and bits for
+     * the received packets will be marked as true.
+     *
+     * <p>The size of a replay bitmap will never change over the lifetime of an IpSecTransform
+     *
+     * <p>The replay bitmap is solely useful for inbound IpSecTransforms. For outbound
+     * IpSecTransforms, all bits will be unchecked.
+     *
+     * @see Builder#setReplayBitmap(byte[])
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public byte[] getReplayBitmap() {
+        return mReplayBitmap.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder class for testing purposes
+     *
+     * <p>Except for testing, IPsec callers normally do not instantiate {@link IpSecTransformState}
+     * themselves but instead get a reference via {@link IpSecTransformState}
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(IPSEC_TRANSFORM_STATE)
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private long mTimestamp;
+        private long mTxHighestSequenceNumber;
+        private long mRxHighestSequenceNumber;
+        private long mPacketCount;
+        private long mByteCount;
+        private byte[] mReplayBitmap;
+
+        public Builder() {
+            mTimestamp = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the timestamp (milliseconds) when this state was created
+         *
+         * @see IpSecTransformState#getTimestampMillis()
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setTimestampMillis(long timestamp) {
+            mTimestamp = timestamp;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the highest sequence number sent so far as an unsigned long
+         *
+         * @see IpSecTransformState#getTxHighestSequenceNumber()
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setTxHighestSequenceNumber(long seqNum) {
+            mTxHighestSequenceNumber = seqNum;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the highest sequence number received so far as an unsigned long
+         *
+         * @see IpSecTransformState#getRxHighestSequenceNumber()
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRxHighestSequenceNumber(long seqNum) {
+            mRxHighestSequenceNumber = seqNum;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the number of packets processed so far as an unsigned long
+         *
+         * @see IpSecTransformState#getPacketCount()
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setPacketCount(long packetCount) {
+            mPacketCount = packetCount;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the number of bytes processed so far as an unsigned long
+         *
+         * @see IpSecTransformState#getByteCount()
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setByteCount(long byteCount) {
+            mByteCount = byteCount;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the replay bitmap
+         *
+         * @see IpSecTransformState#getReplayBitmap()
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setReplayBitmap(@NonNull byte[] bitMap) {
+            mReplayBitmap = bitMap.clone();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Build and validate the IpSecTransformState
+         *
+         * @return an immutable IpSecTransformState instance
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public IpSecTransformState build() {
+            return new IpSecTransformState(
+                    mTimestamp,
+                    mTxHighestSequenceNumber,
+                    mRxHighestSequenceNumber,
+                    mPacketCount,
+                    mByteCount,
+                    mReplayBitmap);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
index 23902dc..7c9b3ec 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
 import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@
 
     /** Returns the {@link NetworkStatsAccess.Level} for the given caller. */
     public static @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(
-            Context context, int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage) {
+            Context context, int callingPid, int callingUid, @Nullable String callingPackage) {
         final DevicePolicyManager mDpm = context.getSystemService(DevicePolicyManager.class);
         final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)
                 context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
 
         final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(callingUid);
 
-        final boolean isNetworkStack = PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(
+        final boolean isNetworkStack = PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf(
                 context, callingPid, callingUid, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
 
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
index e23faa4..934b4c6 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
@@ -26,11 +26,13 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_PROXY;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_REMOVED;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionPlan;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.AtomicFile;
 import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.FileRotator;
+import com.android.modules.utils.FastDataInput;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
 
@@ -113,15 +117,28 @@
     private long mEndMillis;
     private long mTotalBytes;
     private boolean mDirty;
+    private final boolean mUseFastDataInput;
 
     /**
      * Construct a {@link NetworkStatsCollection} object.
      *
-     * @param bucketDuration duration of the buckets in this object, in milliseconds.
+     * @param bucketDurationMillis duration of the buckets in this object, in milliseconds.
      * @hide
      */
     public NetworkStatsCollection(long bucketDurationMillis) {
+        this(bucketDurationMillis, false /* useFastDataInput */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@link NetworkStatsCollection} object.
+     *
+     * @param bucketDurationMillis duration of the buckets in this object, in milliseconds.
+     * @param useFastDataInput true if using {@link FastDataInput} is preferred. Otherwise, false.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkStatsCollection(long bucketDurationMillis, boolean useFastDataInput) {
         mBucketDurationMillis = bucketDurationMillis;
+        mUseFastDataInput = useFastDataInput;
         reset();
     }
 
@@ -480,7 +497,11 @@
     /** @hide */
     @Override
     public void read(InputStream in) throws IOException {
-        read((DataInput) new DataInputStream(in));
+        if (mUseFastDataInput) {
+            read(FastDataInput.obtain(in));
+        } else {
+            read((DataInput) new DataInputStream(in));
+        }
     }
 
     private void read(DataInput in) throws IOException {
@@ -784,6 +805,7 @@
         dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build(), "wifi");
         dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_ETHERNET).build(), "eth");
         dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_BLUETOOTH).build(), "bt");
+        dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_PROXY).build(), "proxy");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -922,6 +944,100 @@
         }
     }
 
+
+    private static String str(NetworkStatsCollection.Key key) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder()
+                .append(key.ident.toString())
+                .append(" uid=").append(key.uid);
+        if (key.set != SET_FOREGROUND) {
+            sb.append(" set=").append(key.set);
+        }
+        if (key.tag != 0) {
+            sb.append(" tag=").append(key.tag);
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    // The importer will modify some keys when importing them.
+    // In order to keep the comparison code simple, add such special cases here and simply
+    // ignore them. This should not impact fidelity much because the start/end checks and the total
+    // bytes check still need to pass.
+    private static boolean couldKeyChangeOnImport(NetworkStatsCollection.Key key) {
+        if (key.ident.isEmpty()) return false;
+        final NetworkIdentity firstIdent = key.ident.iterator().next();
+
+        // Non-mobile network with non-empty RAT type.
+        // This combination is invalid and the NetworkIdentity.Builder will throw if it is passed
+        // in, but it looks like it was previously possible to persist it to disk. The importer sets
+        // the RAT type to NETWORK_TYPE_ALL.
+        if (firstIdent.getType() != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
+                && firstIdent.getRatType() != NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare two {@link NetworkStatsCollection} instances and returning a human-readable
+     * string description of difference for debugging purpose.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String compareStats(NetworkStatsCollection migrated,
+                                      NetworkStatsCollection legacy, boolean allowKeyChange) {
+        final Map<NetworkStatsCollection.Key, NetworkStatsHistory> migEntries =
+                migrated.getEntries();
+        final Map<NetworkStatsCollection.Key, NetworkStatsHistory> legEntries = legacy.getEntries();
+
+        final ArraySet<NetworkStatsCollection.Key> unmatchedLegKeys =
+                new ArraySet<>(legEntries.keySet());
+
+        for (NetworkStatsCollection.Key legKey : legEntries.keySet()) {
+            final NetworkStatsHistory legHistory = legEntries.get(legKey);
+            final NetworkStatsHistory migHistory = migEntries.get(legKey);
+
+            if (migHistory == null && allowKeyChange && couldKeyChangeOnImport(legKey)) {
+                unmatchedLegKeys.remove(legKey);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (migHistory == null) {
+                return "Missing migrated history for legacy key " + str(legKey)
+                        + ", legacy history was " + legHistory;
+            }
+            if (!migHistory.isSameAs(legHistory)) {
+                return "Difference in history for key " + legKey + "; legacy history " + legHistory
+                        + ", migrated history " + migHistory;
+            }
+            unmatchedLegKeys.remove(legKey);
+        }
+
+        if (!unmatchedLegKeys.isEmpty()) {
+            final NetworkStatsHistory first = legEntries.get(unmatchedLegKeys.valueAt(0));
+            return "Found unmatched legacy keys: count=" + unmatchedLegKeys.size()
+                    + ", first unmatched collection " + first;
+        }
+
+        if (migrated.getStartMillis() != legacy.getStartMillis()
+                || migrated.getEndMillis() != legacy.getEndMillis()) {
+            return "Start / end of the collections "
+                    + migrated.getStartMillis() + "/" + legacy.getStartMillis() + " and "
+                    + migrated.getEndMillis() + "/" + legacy.getEndMillis()
+                    + " don't match";
+        }
+
+        if (migrated.getTotalBytes() != legacy.getTotalBytes()) {
+            return "Total bytes " + migrated.getTotalBytes() + " and " + legacy.getTotalBytes()
+                    + " don't match for collections with start/end "
+                    + migrated.getStartMillis()
+                    + "/" + legacy.getStartMillis();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
     /**
      * the identifier that associate with the {@link NetworkStatsHistory} object to identify
      * a certain record in the {@link NetworkStatsCollection} object.
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.java
index 33bd884..77b166c 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.java
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
          * @param matchRule the target match rule to be checked.
          */
         private static void assertRequestableMatchRule(final int matchRule) {
-            if (!isKnownMatchRule(matchRule) || matchRule == MATCH_PROXY) {
+            if (!isKnownMatchRule(matchRule)) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid match rule: "
                         + getMatchRuleName(matchRule));
             }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
index a69b38d..77c8001 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
@@ -692,6 +693,27 @@
         return UNSUPPORTED;
     }
 
+    /** Clear TrafficStats rate-limit caches.
+     *
+     * This is mainly for {@link com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService} to
+     * clear rate-limit cache to avoid caching for TrafficStats API results.
+     * Tests might get stale values after generating network traffic, which
+     * generally need to wait for cache expiry to get updated values.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    public static void clearRateLimitCaches() {
+        try {
+            getStatsService().clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return the number of packets transmitted on the specified interface since the interface
      * was created. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so both TCP and
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6afb2d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.annotation.LongDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates parameters for {@link NsdManager#registerService}.
+ * @hide
+ */
+//@FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.ADVERTISE_REQUEST_API)
+public final class AdvertisingRequest implements Parcelable {
+
+    /**
+     * Only update the registration without sending exit and re-announcement.
+     */
+    public static final long NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY = 1;
+
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<AdvertisingRequest> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<>() {
+                @Override
+                public AdvertisingRequest createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    final NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = in.readParcelable(
+                            NsdServiceInfo.class.getClassLoader(), NsdServiceInfo.class);
+                    final int protocolType = in.readInt();
+                    final long advertiseConfig = in.readLong();
+                    final long ttlSeconds = in.readLong();
+                    final Duration ttl = ttlSeconds < 0 ? null : Duration.ofSeconds(ttlSeconds);
+                    return new AdvertisingRequest(serviceInfo, protocolType, advertiseConfig, ttl);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public AdvertisingRequest[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new AdvertisingRequest[size];
+                }
+            };
+    @NonNull
+    private final NsdServiceInfo mServiceInfo;
+    private final int mProtocolType;
+    // Bitmask of @AdvertisingConfig flags. Uses a long to allow 64 possible flags in the future.
+    private final long mAdvertisingConfig;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final Duration mTtl;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @LongDef(flag = true, prefix = {"NSD_ADVERTISING"}, value = {
+            NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY,
+    })
+    @interface AdvertisingConfig {}
+
+    /**
+     * The constructor for the advertiseRequest
+     */
+    private AdvertisingRequest(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int protocolType,
+            long advertisingConfig, @NonNull Duration ttl) {
+        mServiceInfo = serviceInfo;
+        mProtocolType = protocolType;
+        mAdvertisingConfig = advertisingConfig;
+        mTtl = ttl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link NsdServiceInfo}
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public NsdServiceInfo getServiceInfo() {
+        return mServiceInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the service advertise protocol
+     */
+    public int getProtocolType() {
+        return mProtocolType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the advertising config.
+     */
+    public long getAdvertisingConfig() {
+        return mAdvertisingConfig;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the time interval that the resource records may be cached on a DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * The value will be {@code null} if it's not specified with the {@link #Builder}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_CUSTOM_TTL_ENABLED)
+    @Nullable
+    public Duration getTtl() {
+        return mTtl;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("serviceInfo: ").append(mServiceInfo)
+                .append(", protocolType: ").append(mProtocolType)
+                .append(", advertisingConfig: ").append(mAdvertisingConfig)
+                .append(", ttl: ").append(mTtl);
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (!(other instanceof AdvertisingRequest)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            final AdvertisingRequest otherRequest = (AdvertisingRequest) other;
+            return mServiceInfo.equals(otherRequest.mServiceInfo)
+                    && mProtocolType == otherRequest.mProtocolType
+                    && mAdvertisingConfig == otherRequest.mAdvertisingConfig
+                    && Objects.equals(mTtl, otherRequest.mTtl);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mServiceInfo, mProtocolType, mAdvertisingConfig, mTtl);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeParcelable(mServiceInfo, flags);
+        dest.writeInt(mProtocolType);
+        dest.writeLong(mAdvertisingConfig);
+        dest.writeLong(mTtl == null ? -1L : mTtl.getSeconds());
+    }
+
+//    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.ADVERTISE_REQUEST_API)
+    /**
+     * The builder for creating new {@link AdvertisingRequest} objects.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        @NonNull
+        private final NsdServiceInfo mServiceInfo;
+        private final int mProtocolType;
+        private long mAdvertisingConfig;
+        @Nullable
+        private Duration mTtl;
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link Builder} object.
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int protocolType) {
+            mServiceInfo = serviceInfo;
+            mProtocolType = protocolType;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets advertising configuration flags.
+         *
+         * @param advertisingConfigFlags Bitmask of {@code AdvertisingConfig} flags.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setAdvertisingConfig(long advertisingConfigFlags) {
+            mAdvertisingConfig = advertisingConfigFlags;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the time interval that the resource records may be cached on a DNS resolver.
+         *
+         * If this method is not called or {@code ttl} is {@code null}, default TTL values
+         * will be used for the service when it's registered. Otherwise, the {@code ttl}
+         * will be used for all resource records of this service.
+         *
+         * When registering a service, {@link NsdManager#FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS} will be returned
+         * if {@code ttl} is smaller than 30 seconds.
+         *
+         * Note: the value after the decimal point (in unit of seconds) will be discarded. For
+         * example, {@code 30} seconds will be used when {@code Duration.ofSeconds(30L, 50_000L)}
+         * is provided.
+         *
+         * @param ttl the maximum duration that the DNS resource records will be cached
+         *
+         * @see AdvertisingRequest#getTtl
+         * @hide
+         */
+        // @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_CUSTOM_TTL_ENABLED)
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setTtl(@Nullable Duration ttl) {
+            if (ttl == null) {
+                mTtl = null;
+                return this;
+            }
+            final long ttlSeconds = ttl.getSeconds();
+            if (ttlSeconds < 0 || ttlSeconds > 0xffffffffL) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "ttlSeconds exceeds the allowed range (value = " + ttlSeconds
+                                + ", allowedRanged = [0, 0xffffffffL])");
+            }
+            mTtl = Duration.ofSeconds(ttlSeconds);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /** Creates a new {@link AdvertisingRequest} object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public AdvertisingRequest build() {
+            return new AdvertisingRequest(mServiceInfo, mProtocolType, mAdvertisingConfig, mTtl);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/DiscoveryRequest.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/DiscoveryRequest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0b71ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/DiscoveryRequest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates parameters for {@link NsdManager#discoverServices}.
+ */
+@FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_SUBTYPES_SUPPORT_ENABLED)
+public final class DiscoveryRequest implements Parcelable {
+    private final int mProtocolType;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final String mServiceType;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final String mSubtype;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final Network mNetwork;
+
+    // TODO: add mDiscoveryConfig for more fine-grained discovery behavior control
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<DiscoveryRequest> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<>() {
+                @Override
+                public DiscoveryRequest createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    int protocolType = in.readInt();
+                    String serviceType = in.readString();
+                    String subtype = in.readString();
+                    Network network =
+                            in.readParcelable(Network.class.getClassLoader(), Network.class);
+                    return new DiscoveryRequest(protocolType, serviceType, subtype, network);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public DiscoveryRequest[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new DiscoveryRequest[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    private DiscoveryRequest(int protocolType, @NonNull String serviceType,
+            @Nullable String subtype, @Nullable Network network) {
+        mProtocolType = protocolType;
+        mServiceType = serviceType;
+        mSubtype = subtype;
+        mNetwork = network;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the service type in format of dot-joint string of two labels.
+     *
+     * For example, "_ipp._tcp" for internet printer and "_matter._tcp" for <a
+     * href="https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter">Matter</a> operational device.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getServiceType() {
+        return mServiceType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the subtype without the trailing "._sub" label or {@code null} if no subtype is
+     * specified.
+     *
+     * For example, the return value will be "_printer" for subtype "_printer._sub".
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getSubtype() {
+        return mSubtype;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the service discovery protocol.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int getProtocolType() {
+        return mProtocolType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link Network} on which the query should be sent or {@code null} if no
+     * network is specified.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append(", protocolType: ").append(mProtocolType)
+            .append(", serviceType: ").append(mServiceType)
+            .append(", subtype: ").append(mSubtype)
+            .append(", network: ").append(mNetwork);
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (!(other instanceof DiscoveryRequest)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            DiscoveryRequest otherRequest = (DiscoveryRequest) other;
+            return mProtocolType == otherRequest.mProtocolType
+                    && Objects.equals(mServiceType, otherRequest.mServiceType)
+                    && Objects.equals(mSubtype, otherRequest.mSubtype)
+                    && Objects.equals(mNetwork, otherRequest.mNetwork);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mProtocolType, mServiceType, mSubtype, mNetwork);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mProtocolType);
+        dest.writeString(mServiceType);
+        dest.writeString(mSubtype);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mNetwork, flags);
+    }
+
+    /** The builder for creating new {@link DiscoveryRequest} objects. */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final int mProtocolType;
+
+        @NonNull
+        private String mServiceType;
+
+        @Nullable
+        private String mSubtype;
+
+        @Nullable
+        private Network mNetwork;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new default {@link Builder} object with given service type.
+         *
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code serviceType} is {@code null} or an empty
+         * string
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull String serviceType) {
+            this(NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, serviceType);
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public Builder(int protocolType, @NonNull String serviceType) {
+            NsdManager.checkProtocol(protocolType);
+            mProtocolType = protocolType;
+            setServiceType(serviceType);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the service type to be discovered or {@code null} if no services should be queried.
+         *
+         * The {@code serviceType} must be a dot-joint string of two labels. For example,
+         * "_ipp._tcp" for internet printer. Additionally, the first label must start with
+         * underscore ('_') and the second label must be either "_udp" or "_tcp". Otherwise, {@link
+         * NsdManager#discoverServices} will fail with {@link NsdManager#FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETER}.
+         *
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code serviceType} is {@code null} or an empty
+         * string
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setServiceType(@NonNull String serviceType) {
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceType)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service type cannot be empty");
+            }
+            mServiceType = serviceType;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the optional subtype of the services to be discovered.
+         *
+         * If a non-empty {@code subtype} is specified, it must start with underscore ('_') and
+         * have the trailing "._sub" removed. Otherwise, {@link NsdManager#discoverServices} will
+         * fail with {@link NsdManager#FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETER}. For example, {@code subtype} should
+         * be "_printer" for DNS name "_printer._sub._http._tcp". In this case, only services with
+         * this {@code subtype} will be queried, rather than all services of the base service type.
+         *
+         * Note that a non-empty service type must be specified with {@link #setServiceType} if a
+         * non-empty subtype is specified by this method.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setSubtype(@Nullable String subtype) {
+            mSubtype = subtype;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the {@link Network} on which the discovery queries should be sent.
+         *
+         * @param network the discovery network or {@code null} if the query should be sent on
+         * all supported networks
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
+            mNetwork = network;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link DiscoveryRequest} object.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public DiscoveryRequest build() {
+            return new DiscoveryRequest(mProtocolType, mServiceType, mSubtype, mNetwork);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManagerCallback.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManagerCallback.aidl
index d89bfa9..55820ec 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManagerCallback.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManagerCallback.aidl
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.net.nsd;
 
 import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
 
 /**
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@
  * @hide
  */
 oneway interface INsdManagerCallback {
-    void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
+    void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, in DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest);
     void onDiscoverServicesFailed(int listenerKey, int error);
     void onServiceFound(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
     void onServiceLost(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
index e671db1..9a31278 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import android.net.nsd.AdvertisingRequest;
+import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
 import android.net.nsd.IOffloadEngine;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
@@ -27,9 +29,9 @@
  * {@hide}
  */
 interface INsdServiceConnector {
-    void registerService(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    void registerService(int listenerKey, in AdvertisingRequest advertisingRequest);
     void unregisterService(int listenerKey);
-    void discoverServices(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    void discoverServices(int listenerKey, in DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest);
     void stopDiscovery(int listenerKey);
     void resolveService(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
     void startDaemon();
@@ -38,4 +40,4 @@
     void unregisterServiceInfoCallback(int listenerKey);
     void registerOffloadEngine(String ifaceName, in IOffloadEngine cb, long offloadCapabilities, long offloadType);
     void unregisterOffloadEngine(in IOffloadEngine cb);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/MDnsManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/MDnsManager.java
index c11e60c..c7ded25 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/MDnsManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/MDnsManager.java
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     public void startDaemon() {
         try {
             mMdns.startDaemon();
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Start mdns failed.", e);
         }
     }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     public void stopDaemon() {
         try {
             mMdns.stopDaemon();
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Stop mdns failed.", e);
         }
     }
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
                 registrationType, port, txtRecord, interfaceIdx);
         try {
             mMdns.registerService(info);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Register service failed.", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
                 registrationType, "" /* domainName */, interfaceIdx, NETID_UNSET);
         try {
             mMdns.discover(info);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Discover service failed.", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
                 new byte[0] /* txtRecord */, interfaceIdx);
         try {
             mMdns.resolve(info);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Resolve service failed.", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
                 "" /* address */, interfaceIdx, NETID_UNSET);
         try {
             mMdns.getServiceAddress(info);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Get service address failed.", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
     public boolean stopOperation(int id) {
         try {
             mMdns.stopOperation(id);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Stop operation failed.", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
     public void registerEventListener(@NonNull IMDnsEventListener listener) {
         try {
             mMdns.registerEventListener(listener);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Register listener failed.", e);
         }
     }
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
     public void unregisterEventListener(@NonNull IMDnsEventListener listener) {
         try {
             mMdns.unregisterEventListener(listener);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Unregister listener failed.", e);
         }
     }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
index ef0e34b..b21e22a 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND;
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -34,10 +35,10 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.ConnectivityThread;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -45,10 +46,12 @@
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
@@ -56,6 +59,8 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 /**
  * The Network Service Discovery Manager class provides the API to discover services
@@ -143,6 +148,70 @@
     private static final String TAG = NsdManager.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final boolean DBG = false;
 
+    // TODO : remove this class when udc-mainline-prod is abandoned and android.net.flags.Flags is
+    // available here
+    /** @hide */
+    public static class Flags {
+        static final String REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE_API =
+                "com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api";
+        static final String NSD_SUBTYPES_SUPPORT_ENABLED =
+                "com.android.net.flags.nsd_subtypes_support_enabled";
+        static final String ADVERTISE_REQUEST_API =
+                "com.android.net.flags.advertise_request_api";
+        static final String NSD_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME_ENABLED =
+                "com.android.net.flags.nsd_custom_hostname_enabled";
+        static final String NSD_CUSTOM_TTL_ENABLED =
+                "com.android.net.flags.nsd_custom_ttl_enabled";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A regex for the acceptable format of a type or subtype label.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String TYPE_LABEL_REGEX = "_[a-zA-Z0-9-_]{1,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]";
+
+    /**
+     * A regex for the acceptable format of a subtype label.
+     *
+     * As per RFC 6763 7.1, "Subtype strings are not required to begin with an underscore, though
+     * they often do.", and "Subtype strings [...] may be constructed using arbitrary 8-bit data
+     * values.  In many cases these data values may be UTF-8 [RFC3629] representations of text, or
+     * even (as in the example above) plain ASCII [RFC20], but they do not have to be.".
+     *
+     * This regex is overly conservative as it mandates the underscore and only allows printable
+     * ASCII characters (codes 0x20 to 0x7e, space to tilde), except for comma (0x2c) and dot
+     * (0x2e); so the NsdManager API does not allow everything the RFC allows. This may be revisited
+     * in the future, but using arbitrary bytes makes logging and testing harder, and using other
+     * characters would probably be a bad idea for interoperability for apps.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String SUBTYPE_LABEL_REGEX = "_["
+            + "\\x20-\\x2b"
+            + "\\x2d"
+            + "\\x2f-\\x7e"
+            + "]{1,62}";
+
+    /**
+     * A regex for the acceptable format of a service type specification.
+     *
+     * When it matches, matcher group 1 is an optional leading subtype when using legacy dot syntax
+     * (_subtype._type._tcp). Matcher group 2 is the actual type, and matcher group 3 contains
+     * optional comma-separated subtypes.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String TYPE_REGEX =
+            // Optional leading subtype (_subtype._type._tcp)
+            // (?: xxx) is a non-capturing parenthesis, don't capture the dot
+            "^(?:(" + SUBTYPE_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.)?"
+                    // Actual type (_type._tcp.local)
+                    + "(" + TYPE_LABEL_REGEX + "\\._(?:tcp|udp))"
+                    // Drop '.' at the end of service type that is compatible with old backend.
+                    // e.g. allow "_type._tcp.local."
+                    + "\\.?"
+                    // Optional subtype after comma, for "_type._tcp,_subtype1,_subtype2" format
+                    + "((?:," + SUBTYPE_LABEL_REGEX + ")*)"
+                    + "$";
+
     /**
      * Broadcast intent action to indicate whether network service discovery is
      * enabled or disabled. An extra {@link #EXTRA_NSD_STATE} provides the state
@@ -260,6 +329,20 @@
     /** Dns based service discovery protocol */
     public static final int PROTOCOL_DNS_SD = 0x0001;
 
+    /**
+     * The minimum TTL seconds which is allowed for a service registration.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final long TTL_SECONDS_MIN = 30L;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum TTL seconds which is allowed for a service registration.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final long TTL_SECONDS_MAX = 10 * 3600L;
+
     private static final SparseArray<String> EVENT_NAMES = new SparseArray<>();
     static {
         EVENT_NAMES.put(DISCOVER_SERVICES, "DISCOVER_SERVICES");
@@ -306,6 +389,7 @@
     }
 
     private static final int FIRST_LISTENER_KEY = 1;
+    private static final int DNSSEC_PROTOCOL = 3;
 
     private final INsdServiceConnector mService;
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -316,6 +400,8 @@
     @GuardedBy("mMapLock")
     private final SparseArray<NsdServiceInfo> mServiceMap = new SparseArray<>();
     @GuardedBy("mMapLock")
+    private final SparseArray<DiscoveryRequest> mDiscoveryMap = new SparseArray<>();
+    @GuardedBy("mMapLock")
     private final SparseArray<Executor> mExecutorMap = new SparseArray<>();
     private final Object mMapLock = new Object();
     // Map of listener key sent by client -> per-network discovery tracker
@@ -365,6 +451,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE_API)
     @SystemApi
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
             NETWORK_STACK})
@@ -402,6 +489,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE_API)
     @SystemApi
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
             NETWORK_STACK})
@@ -632,10 +720,9 @@
      */
     public NsdManager(Context context, INsdManager service) {
         mContext = context;
-
-        HandlerThread t = new HandlerThread("NsdManager");
-        t.start();
-        mHandler = new ServiceHandler(t.getLooper());
+        // Use a common singleton thread ConnectivityThread to be shared among all nsd tasks.
+        // Instead of launching separate threads to handle tasks from the various instances.
+        mHandler = new ServiceHandler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
 
         try {
             mService = service.connect(new NsdCallbackImpl(mHandler), CompatChanges.isChangeEnabled(
@@ -644,9 +731,12 @@
             throw new RuntimeException("Failed to connect to NsdService");
         }
 
-        // Only proactively start the daemon if the target SDK < S, otherwise the internal service
-        // would automatically start/stop the native daemon as needed.
-        if (!CompatChanges.isChangeEnabled(RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)) {
+        // Only proactively start the daemon if the target SDK < S AND platform < V, For target
+        // SDK >= S AND platform < V, the internal service would automatically start/stop the native
+        // daemon as needed. For platform >= V, no action is required because the native daemon is
+        // completely removed.
+        if (!CompatChanges.isChangeEnabled(RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
+                && !SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
             try {
                 mService.startDaemon();
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -667,6 +757,12 @@
             mServHandler.sendMessage(mServHandler.obtainMessage(message, 0, listenerKey, info));
         }
 
+        private void sendDiscoveryRequest(
+                int message, int listenerKey, DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest) {
+            mServHandler.sendMessage(
+                    mServHandler.obtainMessage(message, 0, listenerKey, discoveryRequest));
+        }
+
         private void sendError(int message, int listenerKey, int error) {
             mServHandler.sendMessage(mServHandler.obtainMessage(message, error, listenerKey));
         }
@@ -676,8 +772,8 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
-            sendInfo(DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED, listenerKey, info);
+        public void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest) {
+            sendDiscoveryRequest(DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED, listenerKey, discoveryRequest);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -955,10 +1051,12 @@
             final Object obj = message.obj;
             final Object listener;
             final NsdServiceInfo ns;
+            final DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest;
             final Executor executor;
             synchronized (mMapLock) {
                 listener = mListenerMap.get(key);
                 ns = mServiceMap.get(key);
+                discoveryRequest = mDiscoveryMap.get(key);
                 executor = mExecutorMap.get(key);
             }
             if (listener == null) {
@@ -966,17 +1064,22 @@
                 return;
             }
             if (DBG) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "received " + nameOf(what) + " for key " + key + ", service " + ns);
+                if (discoveryRequest != null) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "received " + nameOf(what) + " for key " + key + ", discovery "
+                            + discoveryRequest);
+                } else {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "received " + nameOf(what) + " for key " + key + ", service " + ns);
+                }
             }
             switch (what) {
                 case DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED:
-                    final String s = getNsdServiceInfoType((NsdServiceInfo) obj);
+                    final String s = getNsdServiceInfoType((DiscoveryRequest) obj);
                     executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onDiscoveryStarted(s));
                     break;
                 case DISCOVER_SERVICES_FAILED:
                     removeListener(key);
                     executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onStartDiscoveryFailed(
-                            getNsdServiceInfoType(ns), errorCode));
+                            getNsdServiceInfoType(discoveryRequest), errorCode));
                     break;
                 case SERVICE_FOUND:
                     executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onServiceFound(
@@ -991,12 +1094,12 @@
                     // the effect for the client is indistinguishable from STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED
                     removeListener(key);
                     executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onStopDiscoveryFailed(
-                            getNsdServiceInfoType(ns), errorCode));
+                            getNsdServiceInfoType(discoveryRequest), errorCode));
                     break;
                 case STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED:
                     removeListener(key);
                     executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onDiscoveryStopped(
-                            getNsdServiceInfoType(ns)));
+                            getNsdServiceInfoType(discoveryRequest)));
                     break;
                 case REGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED:
                     removeListener(key);
@@ -1069,17 +1172,39 @@
         return mListenerKey;
     }
 
-    // Assert that the listener is not in the map, then add it and returns its key
-    private int putListener(Object listener, Executor e, NsdServiceInfo s) {
-        checkListener(listener);
-        final int key;
+    private int putListener(Object listener, Executor e, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
         synchronized (mMapLock) {
-            int valueIndex = mListenerMap.indexOfValue(listener);
+            return putListener(listener, e, mServiceMap, serviceInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int putListener(Object listener, Executor e, DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest) {
+        synchronized (mMapLock) {
+            return putListener(listener, e, mDiscoveryMap, discoveryRequest);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Assert that the listener is not in the map, then add it and returns its key
+    private <T> int putListener(Object listener, Executor e, SparseArray<T> map, T value) {
+        synchronized (mMapLock) {
+            checkListener(listener);
+            final int key;
+            final int valueIndex = mListenerMap.indexOfValue(listener);
             if (valueIndex != -1) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("listener already in use");
             }
             key = nextListenerKey();
             mListenerMap.put(key, listener);
+            map.put(key, value);
+            mExecutorMap.put(key, e);
+            return key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int updateRegisteredListener(Object listener, Executor e, NsdServiceInfo s) {
+        final int key;
+        synchronized (mMapLock) {
+            key = getListenerKey(listener);
             mServiceMap.put(key, s);
             mExecutorMap.put(key, e);
         }
@@ -1090,6 +1215,7 @@
         synchronized (mMapLock) {
             mListenerMap.remove(key);
             mServiceMap.remove(key);
+            mDiscoveryMap.remove(key);
             mExecutorMap.remove(key);
         }
     }
@@ -1105,9 +1231,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static String getNsdServiceInfoType(NsdServiceInfo s) {
-        if (s == null) return "?";
-        return s.getServiceType();
+    private static String getNsdServiceInfoType(DiscoveryRequest r) {
+        if (r == null) return "?";
+        return r.getServiceType();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1150,14 +1276,111 @@
      */
     public void registerService(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int protocolType,
             @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull RegistrationListener listener) {
-        if (serviceInfo.getPort() <= 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port number");
-        }
-        checkServiceInfo(serviceInfo);
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(serviceInfo);
         checkProtocol(protocolType);
-        int key = putListener(listener, executor, serviceInfo);
+        final AdvertisingRequest.Builder builder = new AdvertisingRequest.Builder(serviceInfo,
+                protocolType);
+        // Optionally assume that the request is an update request if it uses subtypes and the same
+        // listener. This is not documented behavior as support for advertising subtypes via
+        // "_servicename,_sub1,_sub2" has never been documented in the first place, and using
+        // multiple subtypes was broken in T until a later module update. Subtype registration is
+        // documented in the NsdServiceInfo.setSubtypes API instead, but this provides a limited
+        // option for users of the older undocumented behavior, only for subtype changes.
+        if (isSubtypeUpdateRequest(serviceInfo, listener)) {
+            builder.setAdvertisingConfig(AdvertisingRequest.NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY);
+        }
+        registerService(builder.build(), executor, listener);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isSubtypeUpdateRequest(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, @NonNull
+            RegistrationListener listener) {
+        // If the listener is the same object, serviceInfo is for the same service name and
+        // type (outside of subtypes), and either of them use subtypes, treat the request as a
+        // subtype update request.
+        synchronized (mMapLock) {
+            int valueIndex = mListenerMap.indexOfValue(listener);
+            if (valueIndex == -1) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            final int key = mListenerMap.keyAt(valueIndex);
+            NsdServiceInfo existingService = mServiceMap.get(key);
+            if (existingService == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            final Pair<String, String> existingTypeSubtype = getTypeAndSubtypes(
+                    existingService.getServiceType());
+            final Pair<String, String> newTypeSubtype = getTypeAndSubtypes(
+                    serviceInfo.getServiceType());
+            if (existingTypeSubtype == null || newTypeSubtype == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            final boolean existingHasNoSubtype = TextUtils.isEmpty(existingTypeSubtype.second);
+            final boolean updatedHasNoSubtype = TextUtils.isEmpty(newTypeSubtype.second);
+            if (existingHasNoSubtype && updatedHasNoSubtype) {
+                // Only allow subtype changes when subtypes are used. This ensures that this
+                // behavior does not affect most requests.
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return Objects.equals(existingService.getServiceName(), serviceInfo.getServiceName())
+                    && Objects.equals(existingTypeSubtype.first, newTypeSubtype.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the base type from a type specification with "_type._tcp,sub1,sub2" syntax.
+     *
+     * <p>This rejects specifications using dot syntax to specify subtypes ("_sub1._type._tcp").
+     *
+     * @return Type and comma-separated list of subtypes, or null if invalid format.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private static Pair<String, String> getTypeAndSubtypes(@Nullable String typeWithSubtype) {
+        if (typeWithSubtype == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(TYPE_REGEX).matcher(typeWithSubtype);
+        if (!matcher.matches()) return null;
+        // Reject specifications using leading subtypes with a dot
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(matcher.group(1))) return null;
+        return new Pair<>(matcher.group(2), matcher.group(3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a service to be discovered by other services.
+     *
+     * <p> The function call immediately returns after sending a request to register service
+     * to the framework. The application is notified of a successful registration
+     * through the callback {@link RegistrationListener#onServiceRegistered} or a failure
+     * through {@link RegistrationListener#onRegistrationFailed}.
+     *
+     * <p> The application should call {@link #unregisterService} when the service
+     * registration is no longer required, and/or whenever the application is stopped.
+     * @param  advertisingRequest service being registered
+     * @param executor Executor to run listener callbacks with
+     * @param listener The listener notifies of a successful registration and is used to
+     * unregister this service through a call on {@link #unregisterService}. Cannot be null.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+//    @FlaggedApi(Flags.ADVERTISE_REQUEST_API)
+    public void registerService(@NonNull AdvertisingRequest advertisingRequest,
+            @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull RegistrationListener listener) {
+        final NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = advertisingRequest.getServiceInfo();
+        final int protocolType = advertisingRequest.getProtocolType();
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(serviceInfo);
+        checkProtocol(protocolType);
+        final int key;
+        // For update only request, the old listener has to be reused
+        if ((advertisingRequest.getAdvertisingConfig()
+                & AdvertisingRequest.NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY) > 0) {
+            key = updateRegisteredListener(listener, executor, serviceInfo);
+        } else {
+            key = putListener(listener, executor, serviceInfo);
+        }
         try {
-            mService.registerService(key, serviceInfo);
+            mService.registerService(key, advertisingRequest);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -1251,15 +1474,44 @@
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceType)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service type cannot be empty");
         }
-        checkProtocol(protocolType);
+        DiscoveryRequest request = new DiscoveryRequest.Builder(protocolType, serviceType)
+                .setNetwork(network).build();
+        discoverServices(request, executor, listener);
+    }
 
-        NsdServiceInfo s = new NsdServiceInfo();
-        s.setServiceType(serviceType);
-        s.setNetwork(network);
-
-        int key = putListener(listener, executor, s);
+    /**
+     * Initiates service discovery to browse for instances of a service type. Service discovery
+     * consumes network bandwidth and will continue until the application calls
+     * {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     *
+     * <p> The function call immediately returns after sending a request to start service
+     * discovery to the framework. The application is notified of a success to initiate
+     * discovery through the callback {@link DiscoveryListener#onDiscoveryStarted} or a failure
+     * through {@link DiscoveryListener#onStartDiscoveryFailed}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon successful start, application is notified when a service is found with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceFound} or when a service is lost with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceLost}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon failure to start, service discovery is not active and application does
+     * not need to invoke {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}
+     *
+     * <p> The application should call {@link #stopServiceDiscovery} when discovery of this
+     * service type is no longer required, and/or whenever the application is paused or
+     * stopped.
+     *
+     * @param discoveryRequest the {@link DiscoveryRequest} object which specifies the discovery
+     * parameters such as service type, subtype and network
+     * @param executor Executor to run listener callbacks with
+     * @param listener  The listener notifies of a successful discovery and is used
+     * to stop discovery on this serviceType through a call on {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.NSD_SUBTYPES_SUPPORT_ENABLED)
+    public void discoverServices(@NonNull DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest,
+            @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull DiscoveryListener listener) {
+        int key = putListener(listener, executor, discoveryRequest);
         try {
-            mService.discoverServices(key, s);
+            mService.discoverServices(key, discoveryRequest);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -1310,12 +1562,10 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service type cannot be empty");
         }
         Objects.requireNonNull(networkRequest, "NetworkRequest cannot be null");
-        checkProtocol(protocolType);
+        DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest =
+                new DiscoveryRequest.Builder(protocolType, serviceType).build();
 
-        NsdServiceInfo s = new NsdServiceInfo();
-        s.setServiceType(serviceType);
-
-        final int baseListenerKey = putListener(listener, executor, s);
+        final int baseListenerKey = putListener(listener, executor, discoveryRequest);
 
         final PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker discoveryInfo = new PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker(
                 serviceType, protocolType, executor, listener);
@@ -1396,7 +1646,7 @@
     @Deprecated
     public void resolveService(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
             @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull ResolveListener listener) {
-        checkServiceInfo(serviceInfo);
+        checkServiceInfoForResolution(serviceInfo);
         int key = putListener(listener, executor, serviceInfo);
         try {
             mService.resolveService(key, serviceInfo);
@@ -1447,9 +1697,10 @@
      * @param executor Executor to run callbacks with
      * @param listener to receive callback upon service update
      */
+    // TODO: use {@link DiscoveryRequest} to specify the service to be subscribed
     public void registerServiceInfoCallback(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
             @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull ServiceInfoCallback listener) {
-        checkServiceInfo(serviceInfo);
+        checkServiceInfoForResolution(serviceInfo);
         int key = putListener(listener, executor, serviceInfo);
         try {
             mService.registerServiceInfoCallback(key, serviceInfo);
@@ -1488,13 +1739,13 @@
         Objects.requireNonNull(listener, "listener cannot be null");
     }
 
-    private static void checkProtocol(int protocolType) {
+    static void checkProtocol(int protocolType) {
         if (protocolType != PROTOCOL_DNS_SD) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported protocol");
         }
     }
 
-    private static void checkServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+    private static void checkServiceInfoForResolution(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(serviceInfo, "NsdServiceInfo cannot be null");
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceName())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service name cannot be empty");
@@ -1503,4 +1754,133 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service type cannot be empty");
         }
     }
+
+    private enum ServiceValidationType {
+        NO_SERVICE,
+        HAS_SERVICE, // A service with a positive port
+        HAS_SERVICE_ZERO_PORT, // A service with a zero port
+    }
+
+    private enum HostValidationType {
+        DEFAULT_HOST, // No host is specified so the default host will be used
+        CUSTOM_HOST, // A custom host with addresses is specified
+        CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESS, // A custom host without address is specified
+    }
+
+    private enum PublicKeyValidationType {
+        NO_KEY,
+        HAS_KEY,
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the service is valid for registration and classify it as one of {@link
+     * ServiceValidationType}.
+     */
+    private static ServiceValidationType validateService(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        final boolean hasServiceName = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceName());
+        final boolean hasServiceType = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceType());
+        if (!hasServiceName && !hasServiceType && serviceInfo.getPort() == 0) {
+            return ServiceValidationType.NO_SERVICE;
+        }
+        if (!hasServiceName || !hasServiceType) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The service name or the service type is missing");
+        }
+        if (serviceInfo.getPort() < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port");
+        }
+        if (serviceInfo.getPort() == 0) {
+            return ServiceValidationType.HAS_SERVICE_ZERO_PORT;
+        }
+        return ServiceValidationType.HAS_SERVICE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the host is valid for registration and classify it as one of {@link
+     * HostValidationType}.
+     */
+    private static HostValidationType validateHost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        final boolean hasHostname = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostname());
+        final boolean hasHostAddresses = !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostAddresses());
+        if (!hasHostname) {
+            // Keep compatible with the legacy behavior: It's allowed to set host
+            // addresses for a service registration although the host addresses
+            // won't be registered. To register the addresses for a host, the
+            // hostname must be specified.
+            return HostValidationType.DEFAULT_HOST;
+        }
+        if (!hasHostAddresses) {
+            return HostValidationType.CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESS;
+        }
+        return HostValidationType.CUSTOM_HOST;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the public key is valid for registration and classify it as one of {@link
+     * PublicKeyValidationType}.
+     *
+     * <p>For simplicity, it only checks if the protocol is DNSSEC and the RDATA is not fewer than 4
+     * bytes. See RFC 3445 Section 3.
+     */
+    private static PublicKeyValidationType validatePublicKey(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        byte[] publicKey = serviceInfo.getPublicKey();
+        if (publicKey == null) {
+            return PublicKeyValidationType.NO_KEY;
+        }
+        if (publicKey.length < 4) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The public key should be at least 4 bytes long");
+        }
+        int protocol = publicKey[2];
+        if (protocol == DNSSEC_PROTOCOL) {
+            return PublicKeyValidationType.HAS_KEY;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                "The public key's protocol ("
+                        + protocol
+                        + ") is invalid. It should be DNSSEC_PROTOCOL (3)");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the {@link NsdServiceInfo} is valid for registration.
+     *
+     * <p>Firstly, check if service, host and public key are all valid respectively. Then check if
+     * the combination of service, host and public key is valid.
+     *
+     * <p>If the {@code serviceInfo} is invalid, throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}
+     * describing the reason.
+     *
+     * <p>There are the invalid combinations of service, host and public key:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>Neither service nor host is specified.
+     *   <li>No public key is specified and the service has a zero port.
+     *   <li>The registration only contains the hostname but addresses are missing.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>Keys are used to reserve hostnames or service names while the service/host is temporarily
+     * inactive, so registrations with a key and just a hostname or a service name are acceptable.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static void checkServiceInfoForRegistration(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(serviceInfo, "NsdServiceInfo cannot be null");
+
+        final ServiceValidationType serviceValidation = validateService(serviceInfo);
+        final HostValidationType hostValidation = validateHost(serviceInfo);
+        final PublicKeyValidationType publicKeyValidation = validatePublicKey(serviceInfo);
+
+        if (serviceValidation == ServiceValidationType.NO_SERVICE
+                && hostValidation == HostValidationType.DEFAULT_HOST) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Nothing to register");
+        }
+        if (publicKeyValidation == PublicKeyValidationType.NO_KEY) {
+            if (serviceValidation == ServiceValidationType.HAS_SERVICE_ZERO_PORT) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The port is missing");
+            }
+            if (serviceValidation == ServiceValidationType.NO_SERVICE
+                    && hostValidation == HostValidationType.CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESS) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "The host addresses must be specified unless there is a service");
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
index caeecdd..2f675a9 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.toHexString;
+
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
@@ -31,10 +35,14 @@
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
 
 /**
  * A class representing service information for network service discovery
@@ -44,30 +52,67 @@
 
     private static final String TAG = "NsdServiceInfo";
 
+    @Nullable
     private String mServiceName;
 
+    @Nullable
     private String mServiceType;
 
-    private final ArrayMap<String, byte[]> mTxtRecord = new ArrayMap<>();
+    private final Set<String> mSubtypes;
 
-    private final List<InetAddress> mHostAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final ArrayMap<String, byte[]> mTxtRecord;
+
+    private final List<InetAddress> mHostAddresses;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private String mHostname;
 
     private int mPort;
 
     @Nullable
+    private byte[] mPublicKey;
+
+    @Nullable
     private Network mNetwork;
 
     private int mInterfaceIndex;
 
+    // The timestamp that one or more resource records associated with this service are considered
+    // invalid.
+    @Nullable
+    private Instant mExpirationTime;
+
     public NsdServiceInfo() {
+        mSubtypes = new ArraySet<>();
+        mTxtRecord = new ArrayMap<>();
+        mHostAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
     }
 
     /** @hide */
     public NsdServiceInfo(String sn, String rt) {
+        this();
         mServiceName = sn;
         mServiceType = rt;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a copy of {@code other}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NsdServiceInfo(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo other) {
+        mServiceName = other.getServiceName();
+        mServiceType = other.getServiceType();
+        mSubtypes = new ArraySet<>(other.getSubtypes());
+        mTxtRecord = new ArrayMap<>(other.mTxtRecord);
+        mHostAddresses = new ArrayList<>(other.getHostAddresses());
+        mHostname = other.getHostname();
+        mPort = other.getPort();
+        mNetwork = other.getNetwork();
+        mInterfaceIndex = other.getInterfaceIndex();
+        mExpirationTime = other.getExpirationTime();
+    }
+
     /** Get the service name */
     public String getServiceName() {
         return mServiceName;
@@ -142,6 +187,77 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Get the hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>When a service is resolved, it returns the hostname of the resolved service . The top
+     * level domain ".local." is omitted.
+     *
+     * <p>For example, it returns "MyHost" when the service's hostname is "MyHost.local.".
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+//    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME_ENABLED)
+    @Nullable
+    public String getHostname() {
+        return mHostname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a custom hostname for this service instance for registration.
+     *
+     * <p>A hostname must be in ".local." domain. The ".local." must be omitted when calling this
+     * method.
+     *
+     * <p>For example, you should call setHostname("MyHost") to use the hostname "MyHost.local.".
+     *
+     * <p>If a hostname is set with this method, the addresses set with {@link #setHostAddresses}
+     * will be registered with the hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>If the hostname is null (which is the default for a new {@link NsdServiceInfo}), a random
+     * hostname is used and the addresses of this device will be registered.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+//    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME_ENABLED)
+    public void setHostname(@Nullable String hostname) {
+        mHostname = hostname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the public key RDATA to be advertised in a KEY RR (RFC 2535).
+     *
+     * <p>This is the public key of the key pair used for signing a DNS message (e.g. SRP). Clients
+     * typically don't need this information, but the KEY RR is usually published to claim the use
+     * of the DNS name so that another mDNS advertiser can't take over the ownership during a
+     * temporary power down of the original host device.
+     *
+     * <p>When the public key is set to non-null, exactly one KEY RR will be advertised for each of
+     * the service and host name if they are not null.
+     *
+     * @hide // For Thread only
+     */
+    public void setPublicKey(@Nullable byte[] publicKey) {
+        if (publicKey == null) {
+            mPublicKey = null;
+            return;
+        }
+        mPublicKey = Arrays.copyOf(publicKey, publicKey.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the public key RDATA in the KEY RR (RFC 2535) or {@code null} if no KEY RR exists.
+     *
+     * @hide // For Thread only
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] getPublicKey() {
+        if (mPublicKey == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(mPublicKey, mPublicKey.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Unpack txt information from a base-64 encoded byte array.
      *
      * @param txtRecordsRawBytes The raw base64 encoded byte array.
@@ -391,20 +507,125 @@
         mInterfaceIndex = interfaceIndex;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Sets the subtypes to be advertised for this service instance.
+     *
+     * The elements in {@code subtypes} should be the subtype identifiers which have the trailing
+     * "._sub" removed. For example, the subtype should be "_printer" for
+     * "_printer._sub._http._tcp.local".
+     *
+     * Only one subtype will be registered if multiple elements of {@code subtypes} have the same
+     * case-insensitive value.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_SUBTYPES_SUPPORT_ENABLED)
+    public void setSubtypes(@NonNull Set<String> subtypes) {
+        mSubtypes.clear();
+        mSubtypes.addAll(subtypes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns subtypes of this service instance.
+     *
+     * When this object is returned by the service discovery/browse APIs (etc. {@link
+     * NsdManager.DiscoveryListener}), the return value may or may not include the subtypes of this
+     * service.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_SUBTYPES_SUPPORT_ENABLED)
+    @NonNull
+    public Set<String> getSubtypes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(mSubtypes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the timestamp after when this service is expired.
+     *
+     * Note: the value after the decimal point (in unit of seconds) will be discarded. For
+     * example, {@code 30} seconds will be used when {@code Duration.ofSeconds(30L, 50_000L)}
+     * is provided.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setExpirationTime(@Nullable Instant expirationTime) {
+        if (expirationTime == null) {
+            mExpirationTime = null;
+        } else {
+            mExpirationTime = Instant.ofEpochSecond(expirationTime.getEpochSecond());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the timestamp after when this service is expired or {@code null} if it's unknown.
+     *
+     * A service is considered expired if any of its DNS record is expired.
+     *
+     * Clients that are depending on the refreshness of the service information should not continue
+     * use this service after the returned timestamp. Instead, clients may re-send queries for the
+     * service to get updated the service information.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_CUSTOM_TTL_ENABLED)
+    @Nullable
+    public Instant getExpirationTime() {
+        return mExpirationTime;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         sb.append("name: ").append(mServiceName)
                 .append(", type: ").append(mServiceType)
+                .append(", subtypes: ").append(TextUtils.join(", ", mSubtypes))
                 .append(", hostAddresses: ").append(TextUtils.join(", ", mHostAddresses))
+                .append(", hostname: ").append(mHostname)
                 .append(", port: ").append(mPort)
-                .append(", network: ").append(mNetwork);
+                .append(", network: ").append(mNetwork)
+                .append(", expirationTime: ").append(mExpirationTime);
 
-        byte[] txtRecord = getTxtRecord();
-        sb.append(", txtRecord: ").append(new String(txtRecord, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        final StringJoiner txtJoiner =
+                new StringJoiner(", " /* delimiter */, "{" /* prefix */, "}" /* suffix */);
+
+        sb.append(", txtRecord: ");
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTxtRecord.size(); i++) {
+            txtJoiner.add(mTxtRecord.keyAt(i) + "=" + getPrintableTxtValue(mTxtRecord.valueAt(i)));
+        }
+        sb.append(txtJoiner.toString());
         return sb.toString();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns printable string for {@code txtValue}.
+     *
+     * If {@code txtValue} contains non-printable ASCII characters, a HEX string with prefix "0x"
+     * will be returned. Otherwise, the ASCII string of {@code txtValue} is returned.
+     *
+     */
+    private static String getPrintableTxtValue(@Nullable byte[] txtValue) {
+        if (txtValue == null) {
+            return "(null)";
+        }
+
+        if (containsNonPrintableChars(txtValue)) {
+            return "0x" + toHexString(txtValue);
+        }
+
+        return new String(txtValue, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if {@code txtValue} contains non-printable ASCII characters.
+     *
+     * The printable characters are in range of [32, 126].
+     */
+    private static boolean containsNonPrintableChars(byte[] txtValue) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < txtValue.length; i++) {
+            if (txtValue[i] < 32 || txtValue[i] > 126) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
     public int describeContents() {
         return 0;
@@ -414,6 +635,7 @@
     public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
         dest.writeString(mServiceName);
         dest.writeString(mServiceType);
+        dest.writeStringList(new ArrayList<>(mSubtypes));
         dest.writeInt(mPort);
 
         // TXT record key/value pairs.
@@ -436,6 +658,9 @@
         for (InetAddress address : mHostAddresses) {
             InetAddressUtils.parcelInetAddress(dest, address, flags);
         }
+        dest.writeString(mHostname);
+        dest.writeLong(mExpirationTime != null ? mExpirationTime.getEpochSecond() : -1);
+        dest.writeByteArray(mPublicKey);
     }
 
     /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
@@ -445,6 +670,7 @@
                 NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
                 info.mServiceName = in.readString();
                 info.mServiceType = in.readString();
+                info.setSubtypes(new ArraySet<>(in.createStringArrayList()));
                 info.mPort = in.readInt();
 
                 // TXT record key/value pairs.
@@ -464,6 +690,10 @@
                 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                     info.mHostAddresses.add(InetAddressUtils.unparcelInetAddress(in));
                 }
+                info.mHostname = in.readString();
+                final long seconds = in.readLong();
+                info.setExpirationTime(seconds < 0 ? null : Instant.ofEpochSecond(seconds));
+                info.mPublicKey = in.createByteArray();
                 return info;
             }
 
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java
index b566b13..9015985 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.LongDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api")
 @SystemApi
 public interface OffloadEngine {
     /**
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
index d5dbf19..98dc83a 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntRange;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api")
 @SystemApi
 @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 public final class OffloadServiceInfo implements Parcelable {
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/OWNERS b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 607f85a..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/nearby/OWNERS
-file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/remoteauth/OWNERS
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/current.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 86745d4..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,267 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.app.usage {
-
-  public final class NetworkStats implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method public void close();
-    method public boolean getNextBucket(@Nullable android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket);
-    method public boolean hasNextBucket();
-  }
-
-  public static class NetworkStats.Bucket {
-    ctor public NetworkStats.Bucket();
-    method public int getDefaultNetworkStatus();
-    method public long getEndTimeStamp();
-    method public int getMetered();
-    method public int getRoaming();
-    method public long getRxBytes();
-    method public long getRxPackets();
-    method public long getStartTimeStamp();
-    method public int getState();
-    method public int getTag();
-    method public long getTxBytes();
-    method public long getTxPackets();
-    method public int getUid();
-    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int METERED_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int METERED_NO = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int METERED_YES = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int ROAMING_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int ROAMING_NO = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int ROAMING_YES = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int STATE_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int STATE_DEFAULT = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int STATE_FOREGROUND = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TAG_NONE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int UID_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int UID_REMOVED = -4; // 0xfffffffc
-    field public static final int UID_TETHERING = -5; // 0xfffffffb
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkStatsManager {
-    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetails(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUid(int, @Nullable String, long, long, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTag(int, @Nullable String, long, long, int, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTagState(int, @Nullable String, long, long, int, int, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats querySummary(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket querySummaryForDevice(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket querySummaryForUser(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method public void registerUsageCallback(int, @Nullable String, long, @NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback);
-    method public void registerUsageCallback(int, @Nullable String, long, @NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback, @Nullable android.os.Handler);
-    method public void unregisterUsageCallback(@NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback);
-  }
-
-  public abstract static class NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback {
-    ctor public NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback();
-    method public abstract void onThresholdReached(int, @Nullable String);
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net {
-
-  public final class EthernetNetworkSpecifier extends android.net.NetworkSpecifier implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public EthernetNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull String);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class IpSecAlgorithm implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public IpSecAlgorithm(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[]);
-    ctor public IpSecAlgorithm(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[], int);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getKey();
-    method @NonNull public String getName();
-    method @NonNull public static java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getSupportedAlgorithms();
-    method public int getTruncationLengthBits();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field public static final String AUTH_AES_CMAC = "cmac(aes)";
-    field public static final String AUTH_AES_XCBC = "xcbc(aes)";
-    field public static final String AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM = "rfc4106(gcm(aes))";
-    field public static final String AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305 = "rfc7539esp(chacha20,poly1305)";
-    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_MD5 = "hmac(md5)";
-    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA1 = "hmac(sha1)";
-    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA256 = "hmac(sha256)";
-    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA384 = "hmac(sha384)";
-    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA512 = "hmac(sha512)";
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpSecAlgorithm> CREATOR;
-    field public static final String CRYPT_AES_CBC = "cbc(aes)";
-    field public static final String CRYPT_AES_CTR = "rfc3686(ctr(aes))";
-  }
-
-  public class IpSecManager {
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex allocateSecurityParameterIndex(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress) throws android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex allocateSecurityParameterIndex(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int) throws android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException, android.net.IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException;
-    method public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.Socket, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket openUdpEncapsulationSocket(int) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket openUdpEncapsulationSocket() throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
-    method public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
-    field public static final int DIRECTION_IN = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int DIRECTION_OUT = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public static final class IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException extends android.util.AndroidException {
-  }
-
-  public static final class IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method public void close();
-    method public int getSpi();
-  }
-
-  public static final class IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException extends android.util.AndroidException {
-    method public int getSpi();
-  }
-
-  public static final class IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method public void close() throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public java.io.FileDescriptor getFileDescriptor();
-    method public int getPort();
-  }
-
-  public final class IpSecTransform implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method public void close();
-  }
-
-  public static class IpSecTransform.Builder {
-    ctor public IpSecTransform.Builder(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform buildTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException, android.net.IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException;
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setAuthenticatedEncryption(@NonNull android.net.IpSecAlgorithm);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setAuthentication(@NonNull android.net.IpSecAlgorithm);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setEncryption(@NonNull android.net.IpSecAlgorithm);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setIpv4Encapsulation(@NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, int);
-  }
-
-  public class TrafficStats {
-    ctor public TrafficStats();
-    method public static void clearThreadStatsTag();
-    method public static void clearThreadStatsUid();
-    method public static int getAndSetThreadStatsTag(int);
-    method public static long getMobileRxBytes();
-    method public static long getMobileRxPackets();
-    method public static long getMobileTxBytes();
-    method public static long getMobileTxPackets();
-    method public static long getRxBytes(@NonNull String);
-    method public static long getRxPackets(@NonNull String);
-    method public static int getThreadStatsTag();
-    method public static int getThreadStatsUid();
-    method public static long getTotalRxBytes();
-    method public static long getTotalRxPackets();
-    method public static long getTotalTxBytes();
-    method public static long getTotalTxPackets();
-    method public static long getTxBytes(@NonNull String);
-    method public static long getTxPackets(@NonNull String);
-    method public static long getUidRxBytes(int);
-    method public static long getUidRxPackets(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpRxBytes(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpRxSegments(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpTxBytes(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpTxSegments(int);
-    method public static long getUidTxBytes(int);
-    method public static long getUidTxPackets(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpRxBytes(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpRxPackets(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpTxBytes(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpTxPackets(int);
-    method public static void incrementOperationCount(int);
-    method public static void incrementOperationCount(int, int);
-    method public static void setThreadStatsTag(int);
-    method public static void setThreadStatsUid(int);
-    method public static void tagDatagramSocket(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.net.SocketException;
-    method public static void tagFileDescriptor(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public static void tagSocket(@NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.net.SocketException;
-    method public static void untagDatagramSocket(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.net.SocketException;
-    method public static void untagFileDescriptor(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public static void untagSocket(@NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.net.SocketException;
-    field public static final int UNSUPPORTED = -1; // 0xffffffff
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net.nsd {
-
-  public final class NsdManager {
-    method public void discoverServices(String, int, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
-    method public void discoverServices(@NonNull String, int, @Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void discoverServices(@NonNull String, int, @NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
-    method public void registerService(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener);
-    method public void registerService(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener);
-    method public void registerServiceInfoCallback(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback);
-    method @Deprecated public void resolveService(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener);
-    method @Deprecated public void resolveService(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener);
-    method public void stopServiceDiscovery(android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
-    method public void stopServiceResolution(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener);
-    method public void unregisterService(android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener);
-    method public void unregisterServiceInfoCallback(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback);
-    field public static final String ACTION_NSD_STATE_CHANGED = "android.net.nsd.STATE_CHANGED";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_NSD_STATE = "nsd_state";
-    field public static final int FAILURE_ALREADY_ACTIVE = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int FAILURE_OPERATION_NOT_RUNNING = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int NSD_STATE_DISABLED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int NSD_STATE_ENABLED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int PROTOCOL_DNS_SD = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public static interface NsdManager.DiscoveryListener {
-    method public void onDiscoveryStarted(String);
-    method public void onDiscoveryStopped(String);
-    method public void onServiceFound(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
-    method public void onServiceLost(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
-    method public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String, int);
-    method public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String, int);
-  }
-
-  public static interface NsdManager.RegistrationListener {
-    method public void onRegistrationFailed(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int);
-    method public void onServiceRegistered(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
-    method public void onServiceUnregistered(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
-    method public void onUnregistrationFailed(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int);
-  }
-
-  public static interface NsdManager.ResolveListener {
-    method public default void onResolutionStopped(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
-    method public void onResolveFailed(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int);
-    method public void onServiceResolved(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
-    method public default void onStopResolutionFailed(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int);
-  }
-
-  public static interface NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback {
-    method public void onServiceInfoCallbackRegistrationFailed(int);
-    method public void onServiceInfoCallbackUnregistered();
-    method public void onServiceLost();
-    method public void onServiceUpdated(@NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
-  }
-
-  public final class NsdServiceInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public NsdServiceInfo();
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,byte[]> getAttributes();
-    method @Deprecated public java.net.InetAddress getHost();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getHostAddresses();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.Network getNetwork();
-    method public int getPort();
-    method public String getServiceName();
-    method public String getServiceType();
-    method public void removeAttribute(String);
-    method public void setAttribute(String, String);
-    method @Deprecated public void setHost(java.net.InetAddress);
-    method public void setHostAddresses(@NonNull java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress>);
-    method public void setNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method public void setPort(int);
-    method public void setServiceName(String);
-    method public void setServiceType(String);
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/lint-baseline.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2996a3e..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/lint-baseline.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-// Baseline format: 1.0
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetails(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUid(int, String, long, long, int):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUidTag(int, String, long, long, int, int):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUidTagState(int, String, long, long, int, int, int):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForDevice(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForUser(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-
-
-BuilderSetStyle: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder#buildTransportModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress, android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex):
-    Builder methods names should use setFoo() / addFoo() / clearFoo() style: method android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder.buildTransportModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress,android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex)
-
-
-EqualsAndHashCode: android.net.IpSecTransform#equals(Object):
-    Must override both equals and hashCode; missing one in android.net.IpSecTransform
-
-
-ExecutorRegistration: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#registerUsageCallback(int, String, long, android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback, android.os.Handler):
-    Registration methods should have overload that accepts delivery Executor: `registerUsageCallback`
-
-
-GenericException: android.app.usage.NetworkStats#finalize():
-    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
-GenericException: android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex#finalize():
-    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
-GenericException: android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket#finalize():
-    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
-GenericException: android.net.IpSecTransform#finalize():
-    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
-
-
-MissingBuildMethod: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder:
-    android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder does not declare a `build()` method, but builder classes are expected to
-
-
-MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetails(int, String, long, long):
-    Missing nullability on method `queryDetails` return
-MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(int, String, long, long):
-    Missing nullability on method `querySummary` return
-MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForDevice(int, String, long, long):
-    Missing nullability on method `querySummaryForDevice` return
-MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForUser(int, String, long, long):
-    Missing nullability on method `querySummaryForUser` return
-MissingNullability: android.net.IpSecAlgorithm#writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int) parameter #0:
-    Missing nullability on parameter `out` in method `writeToParcel`
-MissingNullability: android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket#getFileDescriptor():
-    Missing nullability on method `getFileDescriptor` return
-
-
-RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetails(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
-RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
-RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForDevice(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
-RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForUser(int, String, long, long):
-    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
-
-
-StaticFinalBuilder: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder:
-    Builder must be final: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder
-
-
-StaticUtils: android.net.TrafficStats:
-    Fully-static utility classes must not have constructor
-
-
-UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.IpSecManager#applyTransportModeTransform(java.io.FileDescriptor, int, android.net.IpSecTransform) parameter #0:
-    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter socket in android.net.IpSecManager.applyTransportModeTransform(java.io.FileDescriptor socket, int direction, android.net.IpSecTransform transform)
-UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.IpSecManager#removeTransportModeTransforms(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
-    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter socket in android.net.IpSecManager.removeTransportModeTransforms(java.io.FileDescriptor socket)
-UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket#getFileDescriptor():
-    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in method android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket.getFileDescriptor()
-UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.TrafficStats#tagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
-    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in android.net.TrafficStats.tagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
-UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.TrafficStats#untagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
-    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in android.net.TrafficStats.untagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
-UseParcelFileDescriptor: com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger#tag(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
-    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger.tag(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
-UseParcelFileDescriptor: com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger#untag(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
-    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger.untag(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a8d47b..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.app.usage {
-
-  public class NetworkStatsManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void forceUpdate();
-    method public static int getCollapsedRatType(int);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.NetworkStats getMobileUidStats();
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.NetworkStats getWifiUidStats();
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void noteUidForeground(int, boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void notifyNetworkStatus(@NonNull java.util.List<android.net.Network>, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot>, @Nullable String, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo>);
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForDevice(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long);
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTagState(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long, int, int, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats querySummary(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket querySummaryForDevice(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long);
-    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryTaggedSummary(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}, conditional=true) public void registerUsageCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setDefaultGlobalAlert(long);
-    method public void setPollForce(boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setPollOnOpen(boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(@NonNull String, long, long);
-    field public static final int NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA = -2; // 0xfffffffe
-  }
-
-  public abstract static class NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback {
-    method public void onThresholdReached(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate);
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.nearby {
-
-  public final class NearbyFrameworkInitializer {
-    method public static void registerServiceWrappers();
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net {
-
-  public final class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu {
-    method public static void registerServiceWrappers();
-  }
-
-  public class EthernetManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void addEthernetStateListener(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull java.util.function.IntConsumer);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void addInterfaceStateListener(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.EthernetManager.InterfaceStateListener);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getInterfaceList();
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void removeEthernetStateListener(@NonNull java.util.function.IntConsumer);
-    method public void removeInterfaceStateListener(@NonNull android.net.EthernetManager.InterfaceStateListener);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setEthernetEnabled(boolean);
-    method public void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean);
-    field public static final int ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int ROLE_CLIENT = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int ROLE_NONE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int ROLE_SERVER = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int STATE_ABSENT = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int STATE_LINK_DOWN = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int STATE_LINK_UP = 2; // 0x2
-  }
-
-  public static interface EthernetManager.InterfaceStateListener {
-    method public void onInterfaceStateChanged(@NonNull String, int, int, @Nullable android.net.IpConfiguration);
-  }
-
-  public class IpSecManager {
-    field public static final int DIRECTION_FWD = 2; // 0x2
-  }
-
-  public static final class IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method public int getResourceId();
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkIdentity {
-    method public int getOemManaged();
-    method public int getRatType();
-    method public int getSubId();
-    method @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
-    method public int getType();
-    method @Nullable public String getWifiNetworkKey();
-    method public boolean isDefaultNetwork();
-    method public boolean isMetered();
-    method public boolean isRoaming();
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkIdentity.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkIdentity.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder clearRatType();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setDefaultNetwork(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setMetered(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setNetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setOemManaged(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setRatType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setRoaming(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setSubId(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setSubscriberId(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setWifiNetworkKey(@Nullable String);
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkStateSnapshot implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public NetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @Nullable String, int);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getLegacyType();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
-    method public int getSubId();
-    method @Deprecated @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkStatsCollection {
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Map<android.net.NetworkStatsCollection.Key,android.net.NetworkStatsHistory> getEntries();
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkStatsCollection.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkStatsCollection.Builder(long);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsCollection.Builder addEntry(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStatsCollection.Key, @NonNull android.net.NetworkStatsHistory);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsCollection build();
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkStatsCollection.Key {
-    ctor public NetworkStatsCollection.Key(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.NetworkIdentity>, int, int, int);
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkStatsHistory implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry> getEntries();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStatsHistory> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkStatsHistory.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkStatsHistory.Builder(long, int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Builder addEntry(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsHistory build();
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkStatsHistory.Entry {
-    ctor public NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(long, long, long, long, long, long, long);
-    method public long getActiveTime();
-    method public long getBucketStart();
-    method public long getOperations();
-    method public long getRxBytes();
-    method public long getRxPackets();
-    method public long getTxBytes();
-    method public long getTxPackets();
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkTemplate implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getDefaultNetworkStatus();
-    method public int getMatchRule();
-    method public int getMeteredness();
-    method public int getOemManaged();
-    method public int getRatType();
-    method public int getRoaming();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getSubscriberIds();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getWifiNetworkKeys();
-    method public boolean matches(@NonNull android.net.NetworkIdentity);
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkTemplate> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int MATCH_BLUETOOTH = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int MATCH_CARRIER = 10; // 0xa
-    field public static final int MATCH_ETHERNET = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int MATCH_MOBILE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int MATCH_PROXY = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int MATCH_WIFI = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int NETWORK_TYPE_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_NO = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_PAID = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_YES = -2; // 0xfffffffe
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkTemplate.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkTemplate.Builder(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setDefaultNetworkStatus(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setMeteredness(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setOemManaged(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setRatType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setRoaming(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setSubscriberIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.String>);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setWifiNetworkKeys(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.String>);
-  }
-
-  public class TrafficStats {
-    method public static void attachSocketTagger();
-    method public static void init(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static void setThreadStatsTagDownload();
-  }
-
-  public final class UnderlyingNetworkInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public UnderlyingNetworkInfo(int, @NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
-    method public int getOwnerUid();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getUnderlyingInterfaces();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 3158bd4..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-// Baseline format: 1.0
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUidTagState(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long, int, int, int):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
-BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryTaggedSummary(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long):
-    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/removed.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ba87d8..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.net {
-
-  public class TrafficStats {
-    method @Deprecated public static void setThreadStatsUidSelf();
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f0119e..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,417 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.app.usage {
-
-  public class NetworkStatsManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void registerNetworkStatsProvider(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void unregisterNetworkStatsProvider(@NonNull android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider);
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.nearby {
-
-  public interface BroadcastCallback {
-    method public void onStatusChanged(int);
-    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE_ALREADY_REGISTERED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE_MISSING_PERMISSIONS = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE_SIZE_EXCEED_LIMIT = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int STATUS_OK = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public abstract class BroadcastRequest {
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getMediums();
-    method @IntRange(from=0xffffff81, to=126) public int getTxPower();
-    method public int getType();
-    method public int getVersion();
-    field public static final int BROADCAST_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int BROADCAST_TYPE_UNKNOWN = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int MEDIUM_BLE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int PRESENCE_VERSION_UNKNOWN = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int PRESENCE_VERSION_V0 = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int PRESENCE_VERSION_V1 = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int UNKNOWN_TX_POWER = -127; // 0xffffff81
-  }
-
-  public final class CredentialElement implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public CredentialElement(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[]);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getKey();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getValue();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.CredentialElement> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class DataElement implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public DataElement(int, @NonNull byte[]);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getKey();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getValue();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.DataElement> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public abstract class NearbyDevice {
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getMediums();
-    method @Nullable public String getName();
-    method @IntRange(from=0xffffff81, to=126) public int getRssi();
-    method public static boolean isValidMedium(int);
-  }
-
-  public class NearbyManager {
-    method public void queryOffloadCapability(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull java.util.function.Consumer<android.nearby.OffloadCapability>);
-    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void startBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int startScan(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.ScanCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void stopBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void stopScan(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanCallback);
-  }
-
-  public final class OffloadCapability implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public long getVersion();
-    method public boolean isFastPairSupported();
-    method public boolean isNearbyShareSupported();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.OffloadCapability> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class OffloadCapability.Builder {
-    ctor public OffloadCapability.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.OffloadCapability build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.OffloadCapability.Builder setFastPairSupported(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.OffloadCapability.Builder setNearbyShareSupported(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.OffloadCapability.Builder setVersion(long);
-  }
-
-  public final class PresenceBroadcastRequest extends android.nearby.BroadcastRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getActions();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential getCredential();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.DataElement> getExtendedProperties();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getSalt();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder {
-    ctor public PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>, @NonNull byte[], @NonNull android.nearby.PrivateCredential);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder addAction(@IntRange(from=1, to=255) int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder addExtendedProperty(@NonNull android.nearby.DataElement);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder setTxPower(@IntRange(from=0xffffff81, to=126) int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder setVersion(int);
-  }
-
-  public abstract class PresenceCredential {
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getAuthenticityKey();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.CredentialElement> getCredentialElements();
-    method public int getIdentityType();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getSecretId();
-    method public int getType();
-    field public static final int CREDENTIAL_TYPE_PRIVATE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int CREDENTIAL_TYPE_PUBLIC = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public final class PresenceDevice extends android.nearby.NearbyDevice implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getDeviceId();
-    method @Nullable public String getDeviceImageUrl();
-    method public int getDeviceType();
-    method public long getDiscoveryTimestampMillis();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getEncryptedIdentity();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.DataElement> getExtendedProperties();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getSalt();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getSecretId();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PresenceDevice> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class PresenceDevice.Builder {
-    ctor public PresenceDevice.Builder(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[]);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder addExtendedProperty(@NonNull android.nearby.DataElement);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder addMedium(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setDeviceImageUrl(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setDeviceType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setDiscoveryTimestampMillis(long);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setName(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setRssi(int);
-  }
-
-  public final class PresenceScanFilter extends android.nearby.ScanFilter implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.PublicCredential> getCredentials();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.DataElement> getExtendedProperties();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getPresenceActions();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class PresenceScanFilter.Builder {
-    ctor public PresenceScanFilter.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder addCredential(@NonNull android.nearby.PublicCredential);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder addExtendedProperty(@NonNull android.nearby.DataElement);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder addPresenceAction(@IntRange(from=1, to=255) int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder setMaxPathLoss(@IntRange(from=0, to=127) int);
-  }
-
-  public final class PrivateCredential extends android.nearby.PresenceCredential implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getDeviceName();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getMetadataEncryptionKey();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PrivateCredential> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class PrivateCredential.Builder {
-    ctor public PrivateCredential.Builder(@NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential.Builder addCredentialElement(@NonNull android.nearby.CredentialElement);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential.Builder setIdentityType(int);
-  }
-
-  public final class PublicCredential extends android.nearby.PresenceCredential implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getEncryptedMetadata();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getPublicKey();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PublicCredential> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class PublicCredential.Builder {
-    ctor public PublicCredential.Builder(@NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[]);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PublicCredential.Builder addCredentialElement(@NonNull android.nearby.CredentialElement);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PublicCredential build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PublicCredential.Builder setIdentityType(int);
-  }
-
-  public interface ScanCallback {
-    method public void onDiscovered(@NonNull android.nearby.NearbyDevice);
-    method public default void onError(int);
-    method public void onLost(@NonNull android.nearby.NearbyDevice);
-    method public void onUpdated(@NonNull android.nearby.NearbyDevice);
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public abstract class ScanFilter {
-    method @IntRange(from=0, to=127) public int getMaxPathLoss();
-    method public int getType();
-  }
-
-  public final class ScanRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.ScanFilter> getScanFilters();
-    method public int getScanMode();
-    method public int getScanType();
-    method @NonNull public android.os.WorkSource getWorkSource();
-    method public boolean isBleEnabled();
-    method public boolean isOffloadOnly();
-    method public static boolean isValidScanMode(int);
-    method public static boolean isValidScanType(int);
-    method @NonNull public static String scanModeToString(int);
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.ScanRequest> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_BALANCED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_NO_POWER = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 2; // 0x2
-  }
-
-  public static final class ScanRequest.Builder {
-    ctor public ScanRequest.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder addScanFilter(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanFilter);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setBleEnabled(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setOffloadOnly(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setScanMode(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setScanType(int);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS) public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setWorkSource(@Nullable android.os.WorkSource);
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net {
-
-  public class EthernetManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}) public void disableInterface(@NonNull String, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}) public void enableInterface(@NonNull String, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest requestTetheredInterface(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}) public void updateConfiguration(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>);
-  }
-
-  public static interface EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback {
-    method public void onAvailable(@NonNull String);
-    method public void onUnavailable();
-  }
-
-  public static class EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest {
-    method public void release();
-  }
-
-  public final class EthernetNetworkManagementException extends java.lang.RuntimeException implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public EthernetNetworkManagementException(@NonNull String);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.IpConfiguration getIpConfiguration();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder {
-    ctor public EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder();
-    ctor public EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder(@NonNull android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder setIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.IpConfiguration);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder setNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-  }
-
-  public class IpSecManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void applyTunnelModeTransform(@NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public android.net.IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface createIpSecTunnelInterface(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull android.net.Network) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void startTunnelModeTransformMigration(@NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-  }
-
-  public static final class IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void addAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void close();
-    method @NonNull public String getInterfaceName();
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void removeAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void setUnderlyingNetwork(@NonNull android.net.Network) throws java.io.IOException;
-  }
-
-  public static class IpSecTransform.Builder {
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public android.net.IpSecTransform buildTunnelModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException, android.net.IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException;
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkStats implements java.lang.Iterable<android.net.NetworkStats.Entry> android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public NetworkStats(long, int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats add(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStats);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats addEntry(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStats.Entry);
-    method public android.net.NetworkStats clone();
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Iterator<android.net.NetworkStats.Entry> iterator();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats subtract(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStats);
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStats> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final String IFACE_VT = "vt_data0";
-    field public static final int METERED_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int METERED_NO = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int METERED_YES = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int ROAMING_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int ROAMING_NO = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int ROAMING_YES = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int SET_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int SET_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int SET_FOREGROUND = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TAG_NONE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int UID_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int UID_TETHERING = -5; // 0xfffffffb
-  }
-
-  public static class NetworkStats.Entry {
-    ctor public NetworkStats.Entry(@Nullable String, int, int, int, int, int, int, long, long, long, long, long);
-    method public int getDefaultNetwork();
-    method public int getMetered();
-    method public long getOperations();
-    method public int getRoaming();
-    method public long getRxBytes();
-    method public long getRxPackets();
-    method public int getSet();
-    method public int getTag();
-    method public long getTxBytes();
-    method public long getTxPackets();
-    method public int getUid();
-  }
-
-  public class TrafficStats {
-    method public static void setThreadStatsTagApp();
-    method public static void setThreadStatsTagBackup();
-    method public static void setThreadStatsTagRestore();
-    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_END = -113; // 0xffffff8f
-    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_START = -128; // 0xffffff80
-    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_RANGE_END = -257; // 0xfffffeff
-    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_RANGE_START = -768; // 0xfffffd00
-    field public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_END = -241; // 0xffffff0f
-    field public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_START = -256; // 0xffffff00
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net.netstats.provider {
-
-  public abstract class NetworkStatsProvider {
-    ctor public NetworkStatsProvider();
-    method public void notifyAlertReached();
-    method public void notifyLimitReached();
-    method public void notifyStatsUpdated(int, @NonNull android.net.NetworkStats, @NonNull android.net.NetworkStats);
-    method public void notifyWarningReached();
-    method public abstract void onRequestStatsUpdate(int);
-    method public abstract void onSetAlert(long);
-    method public abstract void onSetLimit(@NonNull String, long);
-    method public void onSetWarningAndLimit(@NonNull String, long, long);
-    field public static final int QUOTA_UNLIMITED = -1; // 0xffffffff
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net.nsd {
-
-  public final class NsdManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void registerOffloadEngine(@NonNull String, long, long, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void unregisterOffloadEngine(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
-  }
-
-  public interface OffloadEngine {
-    method public void onOffloadServiceRemoved(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo);
-    method public void onOffloadServiceUpdated(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo);
-    field public static final int OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_REPLIES = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public final class OffloadServiceInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public OffloadServiceInfo(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo.Key, @NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>, @NonNull String, @Nullable byte[], @IntRange(from=0, to=java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE) int, long);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getHostname();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo.Key getKey();
-    method @Nullable public byte[] getOffloadPayload();
-    method public long getOffloadType();
-    method public int getPriority();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getSubtypes();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class OffloadServiceInfo.Key implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public OffloadServiceInfo.Key(@NonNull String, @NonNull String);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getServiceName();
-    method @NonNull public String getServiceType();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo.Key> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-lint-baseline.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9baf991..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-lint-baseline.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-// Baseline format: 1.0
-BuilderSetStyle: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder#buildTunnelModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress, android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex):
-    Builder methods names should use setFoo() / addFoo() / clearFoo() style: method android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder.buildTunnelModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress,android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex)
-
-
-GenericException: android.net.IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface#finalize():
-    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
diff --git a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt b/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/framework-t/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index c88bacc..deb1c5a 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -15,19 +15,11 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-// In the branch which does not support FlaggedAPI, use this default to ignore the annotated APIs.
-java_defaults {
-    name: "FlaggedApiDefaults",
-}
-
-// The above variables may have different values
-// depending on the branch, and this comment helps
-// separate them from the rest of the file to avoid merge conflicts
-
 filegroup {
     name: "framework-connectivity-internal-sources",
     srcs: [
@@ -94,7 +86,9 @@
         "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "mdns_aidl_interface-lateststable-java",
+        // Not using the latest stable version because all functions in the latest version of
+        // mdns_aidl_interface are deprecated.
+        "mdns_aidl_interface-V1-java",
         "modules-utils-backgroundthread",
         "modules-utils-build",
         "modules-utils-preconditions",
@@ -102,6 +96,7 @@
     ],
     impl_only_static_libs: [
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
     ],
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
@@ -112,7 +107,6 @@
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
 }
 
 java_library {
@@ -123,7 +117,6 @@
     static_libs: [
         "httpclient_api",
         "httpclient_impl",
-        "http_client_logging",
         // Framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar is identical to framework-connectivity
         // implementation, but without the jarjar rules. However, framework-connectivity
         // is not based on framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar, it's rebuilt from source
@@ -131,6 +124,7 @@
         // Even if the library is included in "impl_only_static_libs" of defaults. This is still
         // needed because java_library which doesn't understand "impl_only_static_libs".
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
     ],
     libs: [
         // This cannot be in the defaults clause above because if it were, it would be used
@@ -141,7 +135,7 @@
         "framework-tethering.impl",
         "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
-    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"]
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
 
 java_defaults {
@@ -152,7 +146,6 @@
     ],
     impl_only_static_libs: [
         "httpclient_impl",
-        "http_client_logging",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -161,7 +154,6 @@
     defaults: [
         "framework-connectivity-defaults",
         "CronetJavaDefaults",
-        "FlaggedApiDefaults",
     ],
     installable: true,
     jarjar_rules: ":framework-connectivity-jarjar-rules",
@@ -173,17 +165,16 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t",
-        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/service",
         "//frameworks/base",
 
         // Tests using hidden APIs
         "//cts/tests/netlegacy22.api",
         "//cts/tests/tests/app.usage", // NetworkUsageStatsTest
         "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
-        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//frameworks/opt/net/ethernet/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
@@ -193,10 +184,17 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Cronet/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/thread/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Wifi/service/tests/wifitests",
     ],
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
+    aconfig_declarations: [
+        "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+    ],
 }
 
 platform_compat_config {
@@ -266,7 +264,7 @@
         ":framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar{.jar}",
         ":framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib{.jar}",
         ":framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib{.jar}",
-        ":framework-connectivity-flagged-apis{.jar}",
+        ":framework-connectivity-module-api-stubs-including-flagged{.jar}",
         "jarjar-excludes.txt",
     ],
     tools: [
@@ -279,7 +277,7 @@
         "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
         "--apistubs $(location :framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib{.jar}) " +
         "--apistubs $(location :framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib{.jar}) " +
-        "--apistubs $(location :framework-connectivity-flagged-apis{.jar}) " +
+        "--apistubs $(location :framework-connectivity-module-api-stubs-including-flagged{.jar}) " +
         // Make a ":"-separated list. There will be an extra ":" but empty items are ignored.
         "--unsupportedapi $$(printf ':%s' $(locations :connectivity-hiddenapi-files)) " +
         "--excludes $(location jarjar-excludes.txt) " +
@@ -292,7 +290,7 @@
 }
 
 droidstubs {
-    name: "framework-connectivity-flagged-apis-droidstubs",
+    name: "framework-connectivity-module-api-stubs-including-flagged-droidstubs",
     srcs: [
         ":framework-connectivity-sources",
         ":framework-connectivity-tiramisu-updatable-sources",
@@ -300,7 +298,10 @@
         ":framework-thread-sources",
     ],
     flags: [
-        "--show-annotation android.annotation.FlaggedApi",
+        "--show-for-stub-purposes-annotation android.annotation.SystemApi" +
+            "\\(client=android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.PRIVILEGED_APPS\\)",
+        "--show-for-stub-purposes-annotation android.annotation.SystemApi" +
+            "\\(client=android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES\\)",
     ],
     aidl: {
         include_dirs: [
@@ -311,8 +312,8 @@
 }
 
 java_library {
-    name: "framework-connectivity-flagged-apis",
-    srcs: [":framework-connectivity-flagged-apis-droidstubs"],
+    name: "framework-connectivity-module-api-stubs-including-flagged",
+    srcs: [":framework-connectivity-module-api-stubs-including-flagged-droidstubs"],
 }
 
 // Library providing limited APIs within the connectivity module, so that R+ components like
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/TetheringManager.aidl
similarity index 60%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
copy to framework/aidl-export/android/net/TetheringManager.aidl
index 3809534..1235722 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/TetheringManager.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+/**
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -14,10 +15,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
-}
+parcelable TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.aidl
similarity index 67%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
copy to framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.aidl
index 4306c99..2848074 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net.nsd;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
-}
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable AdvertisingRequest;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/DiscoveryRequest.aidl
similarity index 67%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
copy to framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/DiscoveryRequest.aidl
index 4306c99..481a066 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/DiscoveryRequest.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net.nsd;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
-}
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable DiscoveryRequest;
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index 6860c3c..ef8415c 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -315,6 +315,7 @@
     method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
     method public int getOwnerUid();
     method public int getSignalStrength();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.request_restricted_wifi") @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getSubscriptionIds();
     method @Nullable public android.net.TransportInfo getTransportInfo();
     method public boolean hasCapability(int);
     method public boolean hasEnterpriseId(int);
@@ -332,6 +333,7 @@
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IA = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IMS = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET = 12; // 0xc
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.net_capability_local_network") public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK = 36; // 0x24
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MCX = 23; // 0x17
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMS = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL = 33; // 0x21
@@ -360,6 +362,7 @@
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_CELLULAR = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_ETHERNET = 3; // 0x3
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_LOWPAN = 6; // 0x6
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.support_transport_satellite") public static final int TRANSPORT_SATELLITE = 10; // 0xa
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_THREAD = 9; // 0x9
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_USB = 8; // 0x8
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_VPN = 4; // 0x4
@@ -418,6 +421,7 @@
     method public int describeContents();
     method @NonNull public int[] getCapabilities();
     method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.request_restricted_wifi") @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getSubscriptionIds();
     method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
     method public boolean hasCapability(int);
     method public boolean hasTransport(int);
@@ -437,6 +441,7 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(boolean);
     method @Deprecated public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String);
     method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.request_restricted_wifi") @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
   }
 
   public class ParseException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {
diff --git a/framework/api/lint-baseline.txt b/framework/api/lint-baseline.txt
index 2f4004a..4465bcb 100644
--- a/framework/api/lint-baseline.txt
+++ b/framework/api/lint-baseline.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,19 @@
 // Baseline format: 1.0
+BroadcastBehavior: android.net.ConnectivityManager#ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED:
+    Field 'ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED' is missing @BroadcastBehavior
+
+
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork(android.net.NetworkRequest, android.app.PendingIntent):
+    Method 'requestNetwork' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork(android.net.NetworkRequest, android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback):
+    Method 'requestNetwork' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities#getOwnerUid():
+    Method 'getOwnerUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder#setTrafficStatsUid(int):
+    Method 'setTrafficStatsUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder#setTrafficStatsUid(int):
+    Method 'setTrafficStatsUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+
+
 VisiblySynchronized: android.net.NetworkInfo#toString():
     Internal locks must not be exposed (synchronizing on this or class is still
-    externally observable): method android.net.NetworkInfo.toString()
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 4d55067..cd7307f 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -45,15 +45,22 @@
     field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER = 65536; // 0x10000
     field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK = -65536; // 0xffff0000
     field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED = 131072; // 0x20000
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.basic_background_restrictions_enabled") public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND = 64; // 0x40
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 16; // 0x10
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 32; // 0x20
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.blocked_reason_network_restricted") public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED = 256; // 0x100
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.blocked_reason_oem_deny_chains") public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY = 128; // 0x80
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 8; // 0x8
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.basic_background_restrictions_enabled") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND = 6; // 0x6
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5; // 0x5
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW = 10; // 0xa
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN = 12; // 0xc
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER = 11; // 0xb
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1 = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2 = 8; // 0x8
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3 = 9; // 0x9
@@ -233,6 +240,7 @@
 
   public final class VpnTransportInfo implements android.os.Parcelable android.net.TransportInfo {
     ctor @Deprecated public VpnTransportInfo(int, @Nullable String);
+    method public long getApplicableRedactions();
     method @Nullable public String getSessionId();
     method @NonNull public android.net.VpnTransportInfo makeCopy(long);
   }
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53a8c5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
+BroadcastBehavior: android.net.ConnectivityManager#ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED:
+    Field 'ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED' is missing @BroadcastBehavior
+
+
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#isTetheringSupported():
+    Method 'isTetheringSupported' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork(android.net.NetworkRequest, android.app.PendingIntent):
+    Method 'requestNetwork' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork(android.net.NetworkRequest, android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback):
+    Method 'requestNetwork' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#requestRouteToHostAddress(int, java.net.InetAddress):
+    Method 'requestRouteToHostAddress' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.LinkProperties#getCaptivePortalApiUrl():
+    Method 'getCaptivePortalApiUrl' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.LinkProperties#getCaptivePortalData():
+    Method 'getCaptivePortalData' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities#getOwnerUid():
+    Method 'getOwnerUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities#getUnderlyingNetworks():
+    Method 'getUnderlyingNetworks' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder#setAllowedUids(java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>):
+    Method 'setAllowedUids' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder#setSignalStrength(int):
+    Method 'setSignalStrength' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder#setUnderlyingNetworks(java.util.List<android.net.Network>):
+    Method 'setUnderlyingNetworks' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder#setSignalStrength(int):
+    Method 'setSignalStrength' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder#setTrafficStatsUid(int):
+    Method 'setTrafficStatsUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder#setTrafficStatsUid(int):
+    Method 'setTrafficStatsUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index e812024..bef29a4 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -307,7 +307,6 @@
     method @NonNull public int[] getAdministratorUids();
     method @Nullable public static String getCapabilityCarrierName(int);
     method @Nullable public String getSsid();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getSubscriptionIds();
     method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
     method @Nullable public java.util.List<android.net.Network> getUnderlyingNetworks();
     method public boolean isPrivateDnsBroken();
@@ -373,7 +372,6 @@
 
   public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP) public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSignalStrength(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
   }
 
   public final class NetworkScore implements android.os.Parcelable {
diff --git a/framework/api/system-lint-baseline.txt b/framework/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
index 9a97707..3ac97c0 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -1 +1,29 @@
 // Baseline format: 1.0
+BroadcastBehavior: android.net.ConnectivityManager#ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED:
+    Field 'ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED' is missing @BroadcastBehavior
+
+
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#isTetheringSupported():
+    Method 'isTetheringSupported' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork(android.net.NetworkRequest, android.app.PendingIntent):
+    Method 'requestNetwork' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork(android.net.NetworkRequest, android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback):
+    Method 'requestNetwork' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.LinkProperties#getCaptivePortalApiUrl():
+    Method 'getCaptivePortalApiUrl' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.LinkProperties#getCaptivePortalData():
+    Method 'getCaptivePortalData' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities#getOwnerUid():
+    Method 'getOwnerUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities#getUnderlyingNetworks():
+    Method 'getUnderlyingNetworks' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder#setSignalStrength(int):
+    Method 'setSignalStrength' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder#setUnderlyingNetworks(java.util.List<android.net.Network>):
+    Method 'setUnderlyingNetworks' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder#setSignalStrength(int):
+    Method 'setSignalStrength' documentation mentions permissions already declared by @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder#setTrafficStatsUid(int):
+    Method 'setTrafficStatsUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
+RequiresPermission: android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder#setTrafficStatsUid(int):
+    Method 'setTrafficStatsUid' documentation mentions permissions without declaring @RequiresPermission
diff --git a/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
index ca297e5..3779a00 100644
--- a/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
+++ b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <bpf/BpfClassic.h>
+#include <bpf/KernelUtils.h>
 #include <DnsProxydProtocol.h> // NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS
 #include <nativehelper/JNIPlatformHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedPrimitiveArray.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include "jni.h"
@@ -240,6 +242,23 @@
             trw.rcv_wnd, trw.rcv_wup, tcpinfo.tcpi_rcv_wscale);
 }
 
+static void android_net_utils_setsockoptBytes(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jobject javaFd,
+        jint level, jint option, jbyteArray javaBytes) {
+    int sock = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, javaFd);
+    ScopedByteArrayRO value(env, javaBytes);
+    if (setsockopt(sock, level, option, value.get(), value.size()) != 0) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "setsockoptBytes", errno);
+    }
+}
+
+static jboolean android_net_utils_isKernel64Bit(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz) {
+    return bpf::isKernel64Bit();
+}
+
+static jboolean android_net_utils_isKernelX86(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz) {
+    return bpf::isX86();
+}
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /*
@@ -260,6 +279,10 @@
     { "resNetworkResult", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)Landroid/net/DnsResolver$DnsResponse;", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkResult },
     { "resNetworkCancel", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkCancel },
     { "getDnsNetwork", "()Landroid/net/Network;", (void*) android_net_utils_getDnsNetwork },
+    { "setsockoptBytes", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;II[B)V",
+    (void*) android_net_utils_setsockoptBytes},
+    { "isKernel64Bit", "()Z", (void*) android_net_utils_isKernel64Bit },
+    { "isKernelX86", "()Z", (void*) android_net_utils_isKernelX86 },
 };
 // clang-format on
 
diff --git a/framework/lint-baseline.xml b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
index f68aad7..2c0b15f 100644
--- a/framework/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<issues format="6" by="lint 8.0.0-dev" type="baseline" dependencies="true" variant="all" version="8.0.0-dev">
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha01" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha01">
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
@@ -8,78 +8,177 @@
         errorLine2="                                                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
-            line="2456"
+            line="2490"
             column="71"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.Proxy#setHttpProxyConfiguration`"
-        errorLine1="                Proxy.setHttpProxyConfiguration(getInstance().getDefaultProxy());"
-        errorLine2="                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
-            line="5323"
-            column="23"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.Build#isDebuggable`"
-        errorLine1="            if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {"
-        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java"
-            line="1072"
-            column="24"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.UserHandle#getUid`"
-        errorLine1="        final int end = nextUser.getUid(0 /* appId */) - 1;"
-        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java"
-            line="50"
-            column="34"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.UserHandle#getUid`"
-        errorLine1="        final int start = user.getUid(0 /* appId */);"
-        errorLine2="                               ~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java"
-            line="49"
-            column="32"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.provider.Settings#checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation`"
         errorLine1="        return Settings.checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(context, uid, callingPackage,"
         errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
-            line="2799"
+            line="2853"
             column="25"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.Proxy#setHttpProxyConfiguration`"
+        errorLine1="                Proxy.setHttpProxyConfiguration(getInstance().getDefaultProxy());"
+        errorLine2="                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="5422"
+            column="23"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#clearDnsCache`"
         errorLine1="            InetAddress.clearDnsCache();"
         errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
-            line="5329"
+            line="5428"
             column="25"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher#dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange`"
+        errorLine1="            NetworkEventDispatcher.getInstance().dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange();"
+        errorLine2="                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="5431"
+            column="50"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher#getInstance`"
+        errorLine1="            NetworkEventDispatcher.getInstance().dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange();"
+        errorLine2="                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="5431"
+            column="36"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.Build#isDebuggable`"
+        errorLine1="            if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {"
+        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java"
+            line="1095"
+            column="24"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Field requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.OsConstants#ENONET`"
+        errorLine1='                    new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, new ErrnoException("resNetworkQuery", ENONET))));'
+        errorLine2="                                                                                         ~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java"
+            line="367"
+            column="90"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java"
+            line="181"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java"
+            line="373"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="                        IoUtils.closeQuietly(is);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
+            line="171"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(zos);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
+            line="178"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(bis);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
+            line="401"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(bos);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
+            line="416"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.InetAddressUtils#isNumericAddress`"
+        errorLine1="        return InetAddressUtils.isNumericAddress(address);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/InetAddresses.java"
+            line="46"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.InetAddressUtils#parseNumericAddress`"
+        errorLine1="        return InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress(address);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/InetAddresses.java"
+            line="63"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#getAllByNameOnNet`"
         errorLine1="        return InetAddress.getAllByNameOnNet(host, getNetIdForResolv());"
         errorLine2="                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
@@ -103,17 +202,6 @@
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="                        IoUtils.closeQuietly(is);"
-        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
-            line="168"
-            column="33"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
         errorLine1="                        if (failed) IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);"
         errorLine2="                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
@@ -157,105 +245,6 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(bis);"
-        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
-            line="391"
-            column="21"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(bos);"
-        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
-            line="406"
-            column="21"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);"
-        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java"
-            line="181"
-            column="21"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);"
-        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java"
-            line="373"
-            column="21"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(zos);"
-        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/util/FileRotator.java"
-            line="175"
-            column="21"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.InetAddressUtils#isNumericAddress`"
-        errorLine1="        return InetAddressUtils.isNumericAddress(address);"
-        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/InetAddresses.java"
-            line="46"
-            column="33"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.InetAddressUtils#parseNumericAddress`"
-        errorLine1="        return InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress(address);"
-        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/InetAddresses.java"
-            line="63"
-            column="33"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher#dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange`"
-        errorLine1="            NetworkEventDispatcher.getInstance().dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange();"
-        errorLine2="                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
-            line="5332"
-            column="50"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher#getInstance`"
-        errorLine1="            NetworkEventDispatcher.getInstance().dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange();"
-        errorLine2="                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
-            line="5332"
-            column="36"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionFactory#createInstance`"
         errorLine1="        HttpURLConnectionFactory urlConnectionFactory = HttpURLConnectionFactory.createInstance();"
         errorLine2="                                                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
@@ -267,17 +256,6 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionFactory#openConnection`"
-        errorLine1="        return urlConnectionFactory.openConnection(url, socketFactory, proxy);"
-        errorLine2="                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/Network.java"
-            line="372"
-            column="37"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionFactory#setDns`"
         errorLine1="        urlConnectionFactory.setDns(dnsLookup); // Let traffic go via dnsLookup"
         errorLine2="                             ~~~~~~">
@@ -300,35 +278,13 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier`"
-        errorLine1="                    return setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));"
-        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionFactory#openConnection`"
+        errorLine1="        return urlConnectionFactory.openConnection(url, socketFactory, proxy);"
+        errorLine2="                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
-            line="525"
-            column="48"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Cast from `EthernetNetworkSpecifier` to `NetworkSpecifier` requires API level 31 (current min is 30)"
-        errorLine1="                    return setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));"
-        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
-            line="525"
-            column="48"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes`"
-        errorLine1="                    (EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes)attributes));"
-        errorLine2="                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java"
-            line="1421"
-            column="22"/>
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/Network.java"
+            line="372"
+            column="37"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
@@ -338,18 +294,18 @@
         errorLine2="                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java"
-            line="1418"
+            line="1462"
             column="35"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes`"
-        errorLine1="                    (NrQosSessionAttributes)attributes));"
-        errorLine2="                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes`"
+        errorLine1="                    (EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes)attributes));"
+        errorLine2="                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java"
-            line="1425"
+            line="1465"
             column="22"/>
     </issue>
 
@@ -360,8 +316,63 @@
         errorLine2="                                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java"
-            line="1422"
+            line="1466"
             column="42"/>
     </issue>
 
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes`"
+        errorLine1="                    (NrQosSessionAttributes)attributes));"
+        errorLine2="                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java"
+            line="1469"
+            column="22"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier`"
+        errorLine1="                    return setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));"
+        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
+            line="553"
+            column="48"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Cast from `EthernetNetworkSpecifier` to `NetworkSpecifier` requires API level 31 (current min is 30)"
+        errorLine1="                    return setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));"
+        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
+            line="553"
+            column="48"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.UserHandle#getUid`"
+        errorLine1="        final int start = user.getUid(0 /* appId */);"
+        errorLine2="                               ~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java"
+            line="49"
+            column="32"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.UserHandle#getUid`"
+        errorLine1="        final int end = nextUser.getUid(0 /* appId */) - 1;"
+        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java"
+            line="50"
+            column="34"/>
+    </issue>
+
 </issues>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
index c784597..f3773de 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
@@ -16,8 +16,12 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@
     // LINT.IfChange(match_type)
     public static final long NO_MATCH = 0;
     public static final long HAPPY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 0);
-    public static final long PENALTY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 1);
+    public static final long PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH = (1 << 1);
     public static final long DOZABLE_MATCH = (1 << 2);
     public static final long STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 3);
     public static final long POWERSAVE_MATCH = (1 << 4);
@@ -77,10 +81,12 @@
     public static final long OEM_DENY_1_MATCH = (1 << 9);
     public static final long OEM_DENY_2_MATCH = (1 << 10);
     public static final long OEM_DENY_3_MATCH = (1 << 11);
+    public static final long BACKGROUND_MATCH = (1 << 12);
+    public static final long PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH = (1 << 13);
 
     public static final List<Pair<Long, String>> MATCH_LIST = Arrays.asList(
             Pair.create(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH"),
-            Pair.create(PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_MATCH"),
+            Pair.create(PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(DOZABLE_MATCH, "DOZABLE_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(STANDBY_MATCH, "STANDBY_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(POWERSAVE_MATCH, "POWERSAVE_MATCH"),
@@ -90,11 +96,14 @@
             Pair.create(LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH, "LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(OEM_DENY_1_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_1_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(OEM_DENY_2_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_2_MATCH"),
-            Pair.create(OEM_DENY_3_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_3_MATCH")
+            Pair.create(OEM_DENY_3_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_3_MATCH"),
+            Pair.create(BACKGROUND_MATCH, "BACKGROUND_MATCH"),
+            Pair.create(PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH")
     );
 
     /**
-     * List of all firewall allow chains.
+     * List of all firewall allow chains that are applied to all networks regardless of meteredness
+     * See {@link #METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS} for allow chains that are only applied to metered networks.
      *
      * Allow chains mean the firewall denies all uids by default, uids must be explicitly allowed.
      */
@@ -102,11 +111,13 @@
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE,
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE,
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED,
-            FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY,
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
     );
 
     /**
-     * List of all firewall deny chains.
+     * List of all firewall deny chains that are applied to all networks regardless of meteredness
+     * See {@link #METERED_DENY_CHAINS} for deny chains that are only applied to metered networks.
      *
      * Deny chains mean the firewall allows all uids by default, uids must be explicitly denied.
      */
@@ -116,5 +127,24 @@
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2,
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3
     );
+
+    /**
+     * List of all firewall allow chains that are only applied to metered networks.
+     * See {@link #ALLOW_CHAINS} for allow chains that are applied to all networks regardless of
+     * meteredness.
+     */
+    public static final List<Integer> METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS = List.of(
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * List of all firewall deny chains that are only applied to metered networks.
+     * See {@link #DENY_CHAINS} for deny chains that are applied to all networks regardless of
+     * meteredness.
+     */
+    public static final List<Integer> METERED_DENY_CHAINS = List.of(
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN
+    );
     // LINT.ThenChange(../../../../bpf_progs/netd.h)
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsReader.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsReader.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 37c58f0..0000000
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsReader.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,252 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net;
-
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.getMatchByFirewallChain;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.isFirewallAllowList;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.throwIfPreT;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
-
-import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
-import android.os.Build;
-import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
-
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
-import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
-import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
-
-/**
- * A helper class to *read* java BpfMaps.
- * @hide
- */
-@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)  // BPF maps were only mainlined in T
-public class BpfNetMapsReader {
-    // Locally store the handle of bpf maps. The FileDescriptors are statically cached inside the
-    // BpfMap implementation.
-
-    // Bpf map to store various networking configurations, the format of the value is different
-    // for different keys. See BpfNetMapsConstants#*_CONFIGURATION_KEY for keys.
-    private final IBpfMap<S32, U32> mConfigurationMap;
-    // Bpf map to store per uid traffic control configurations.
-    // See {@link UidOwnerValue} for more detail.
-    private final IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> mUidOwnerMap;
-    private final Dependencies mDeps;
-
-    // Bitmaps for calculating whether a given uid is blocked by firewall chains.
-    private static final long sMaskDropIfSet;
-    private static final long sMaskDropIfUnset;
-
-    static {
-        long maskDropIfSet = 0L;
-        long maskDropIfUnset = 0L;
-
-        for (int chain : BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS) {
-            final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
-            maskDropIfUnset |= match;
-        }
-        for (int chain : BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS) {
-            final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
-            maskDropIfSet |= match;
-        }
-        sMaskDropIfSet = maskDropIfSet;
-        sMaskDropIfUnset = maskDropIfUnset;
-    }
-
-    private static class SingletonHolder {
-        static final BpfNetMapsReader sInstance = new BpfNetMapsReader();
-    }
-
-    @NonNull
-    public static BpfNetMapsReader getInstance() {
-        return SingletonHolder.sInstance;
-    }
-
-    private BpfNetMapsReader() {
-        this(new Dependencies());
-    }
-
-    // While the production code uses the singleton to optimize for performance and deal with
-    // concurrent access, the test needs to use a non-static approach for dependency injection and
-    // mocking virtual bpf maps.
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public BpfNetMapsReader(@NonNull Dependencies deps) {
-        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
-                    BpfNetMapsReader.class.getSimpleName() + " is not supported below Android T");
-        }
-        mDeps = deps;
-        mConfigurationMap = mDeps.getConfigurationMap();
-        mUidOwnerMap = mDeps.getUidOwnerMap();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Dependencies of BpfNetMapReader, for injection in tests.
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public static class Dependencies {
-        /** Get the configuration map. */
-        public IBpfMap<S32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
-            try {
-                return new BpfMap<>(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDONLY,
-                        S32.class, U32.class);
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open configuration map", e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /** Get the uid owner map. */
-        public IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> getUidOwnerMap() {
-            try {
-                return new BpfMap<>(UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDONLY,
-                        S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid owner map", e);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the specified firewall chain's status.
-     *
-     * @param chain target chain
-     * @return {@code true} if chain is enabled, {@code false} if chain is not enabled.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    public boolean isChainEnabled(final int chain) {
-        return isChainEnabled(mConfigurationMap, chain);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get firewall rule of specified firewall chain on specified uid.
-     *
-     * @param chain target chain
-     * @param uid        target uid
-     * @return either {@link ConnectivityManager#FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW} or
-     *         {@link ConnectivityManager#FIREWALL_RULE_DENY}.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    public int getUidRule(final int chain, final int uid) {
-        return getUidRule(mUidOwnerMap, chain, uid);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the specified firewall chain's status.
-     *
-     * @param configurationMap target configurationMap
-     * @param chain target chain
-     * @return {@code true} if chain is enabled, {@code false} if chain is not enabled.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    public static boolean isChainEnabled(
-            final IBpfMap<Struct.S32, Struct.U32> configurationMap, final int chain) {
-        throwIfPreT("isChainEnabled is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
-        try {
-            final Struct.U32 config = configurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
-            return (config.val & match) != 0;
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
-                    "Unable to get firewall chain status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get firewall rule of specified firewall chain on specified uid.
-     *
-     * @param uidOwnerMap target uidOwnerMap.
-     * @param chain target chain.
-     * @param uid target uid.
-     * @return either FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW or FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException      in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                       cause of the failure.
-     */
-    public static int getUidRule(final IBpfMap<Struct.S32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap,
-            final int chain, final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("getUidRule is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
-        final boolean isAllowList = isFirewallAllowList(chain);
-        try {
-            final UidOwnerValue uidMatch = uidOwnerMap.getValue(new Struct.S32(uid));
-            final boolean isMatchEnabled = uidMatch != null && (uidMatch.rule & match) != 0;
-            return isMatchEnabled == isAllowList ? FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW : FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
-                    "Unable to get uid rule status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return whether the network is blocked by firewall chains for the given uid.
-     *
-     * @param uid The target uid.
-     * @param isNetworkMetered Whether the target network is metered.
-     * @param isDataSaverEnabled Whether the data saver is enabled.
-     *
-     * @return True if the network is blocked. Otherwise, false.
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if the read fails.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public boolean isUidNetworkingBlocked(final int uid, boolean isNetworkMetered,
-            boolean isDataSaverEnabled) {
-        throwIfPreT("isUidBlockedByFirewallChains is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        final long uidRuleConfig;
-        final long uidMatch;
-        try {
-            uidRuleConfig = mConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val;
-            final UidOwnerValue value = mUidOwnerMap.getValue(new S32(uid));
-            uidMatch = (value != null) ? value.rule : 0L;
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
-                    "Unable to get firewall chain status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
-        }
-
-        final boolean blockedByAllowChains = 0 != (uidRuleConfig & ~uidMatch & sMaskDropIfUnset);
-        final boolean blockedByDenyChains = 0 != (uidRuleConfig & uidMatch & sMaskDropIfSet);
-        if (blockedByAllowChains || blockedByDenyChains) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (!isNetworkMetered) return false;
-        if ((uidMatch & PENALTY_BOX_MATCH) != 0) return true;
-        if ((uidMatch & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) != 0) return false;
-        return isDataSaverEnabled;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
index e9c9137..4099e2a 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
@@ -17,31 +17,69 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.BACKGROUND_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DOZABLE_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.MATCH_LIST;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.NO_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_1_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_2_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_3_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.POWERSAVE_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.RESTRICTED_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.STANDBY_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.EINVAL;
 
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
+
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
 
 import java.util.StringJoiner;
 
@@ -53,7 +91,29 @@
 // Note that this class should be put into bootclasspath instead of static libraries.
 // Because modules could have different copies of this class if this is statically linked,
 // which would be problematic if the definitions in these modules are not synchronized.
+// Note that NetworkStack can not use this before U due to b/326143935
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 public class BpfNetMapsUtils {
+    // Bitmaps for calculating whether a given uid is blocked by firewall chains.
+    private static final long sMaskDropIfSet;
+    private static final long sMaskDropIfUnset;
+
+    static {
+        long maskDropIfSet = 0L;
+        long maskDropIfUnset = 0L;
+
+        for (int chain : BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS) {
+            final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
+            maskDropIfUnset |= match;
+        }
+        for (int chain : BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS) {
+            final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
+            maskDropIfSet |= match;
+        }
+        sMaskDropIfSet = maskDropIfSet;
+        sMaskDropIfUnset = maskDropIfUnset;
+    }
+
     // Prevent this class from being accidental instantiated.
     private BpfNetMapsUtils() {}
 
@@ -70,6 +130,8 @@
                 return POWERSAVE_MATCH;
             case FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
                 return RESTRICTED_MATCH;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND:
+                return BACKGROUND_MATCH;
             case FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
                 return LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH;
             case FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1:
@@ -78,6 +140,12 @@
                 return OEM_DENY_2_MATCH;
             case FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3:
                 return OEM_DENY_3_MATCH;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW:
+                return HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER:
+                return PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN:
+                return PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
             default:
                 throw new ServiceSpecificException(EINVAL, "Invalid firewall chain: " + chain);
         }
@@ -90,9 +158,9 @@
      * DENYLIST means the firewall allows all by default, uids must be explicitly denied
      */
     public static boolean isFirewallAllowList(final int chain) {
-        if (ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+        if (ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
             return true;
-        } else if (DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+        } else if (DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
             return false;
         }
         throw new ServiceSpecificException(EINVAL, "Invalid firewall chain: " + chain);
@@ -121,14 +189,186 @@
         return sj.toString();
     }
 
-    public static final boolean PRE_T = !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT();
-
     /**
      * Throw UnsupportedOperationException if SdkLevel is before T.
      */
     public static void throwIfPreT(final String msg) {
-        if (PRE_T) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException(msg);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the specified firewall chain's status.
+     *
+     * @param configurationMap target configurationMap
+     * @param chain target chain
+     * @return {@code true} if chain is enabled, {@code false} if chain is not enabled.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public static boolean isChainEnabled(
+            final IBpfMap<S32, U32> configurationMap, final int chain) {
+        throwIfPreT("isChainEnabled is not available on pre-T devices");
+
+        final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
+        try {
+            final U32 config = configurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
+            return (config.val & match) != 0;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
+                    "Unable to get firewall chain status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get firewall rule of specified firewall chain on specified uid.
+     *
+     * @param uidOwnerMap target uidOwnerMap.
+     * @param chain target chain.
+     * @param uid target uid.
+     * @return either FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW or FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException      in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                       cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public static int getUidRule(final IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap,
+            final int chain, final int uid) {
+        throwIfPreT("getUidRule is not available on pre-T devices");
+
+        final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
+        final boolean isAllowList = isFirewallAllowList(chain);
+        try {
+            final UidOwnerValue uidMatch = uidOwnerMap.getValue(new S32(uid));
+            final boolean isMatchEnabled = uidMatch != null && (uidMatch.rule & match) != 0;
+            return isMatchEnabled == isAllowList ? FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW : FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
+                    "Unable to get uid rule status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get blocked reasons for specified uid
+     *
+     * @param uid Target Uid
+     * @return Reasons of network access blocking for an UID
+     */
+    public static int getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(final int uid,
+            IBpfMap<S32, U32> configurationMap,
+            IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap,
+            IBpfMap<S32, U8> dataSaverEnabledMap
+    ) {
+        final long uidRuleConfig;
+        final long uidMatch;
+        try {
+            uidRuleConfig = configurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val;
+            final UidOwnerValue value = uidOwnerMap.getValue(new Struct.S32(uid));
+            uidMatch = (value != null) ? value.rule : 0L;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
+                    "Unable to get firewall chain status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+        final long blockingMatches = (uidRuleConfig & ~uidMatch & sMaskDropIfUnset)
+                | (uidRuleConfig & uidMatch & sMaskDropIfSet);
+
+        int blockedReasons = BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+        if ((blockingMatches & POWERSAVE_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & DOZABLE_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & STANDBY_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & RESTRICTED_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & BACKGROUND_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & (OEM_DENY_1_MATCH | OEM_DENY_2_MATCH | OEM_DENY_3_MATCH)) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
+        }
+
+        // Metered chains are not enabled by configuration map currently.
+        if ((uidMatch & PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+        }
+        if ((uidMatch & PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+        }
+        if ((uidMatch & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) == 0 && getDataSaverEnabled(dataSaverEnabledMap)) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+        }
+
+        return blockedReasons;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the network is blocked by firewall chains for the given uid.
+     *
+     * Note that {@link #getDataSaverEnabled(IBpfMap)} has a latency before V.
+     *
+     * @param uid The target uid.
+     * @param isNetworkMetered Whether the target network is metered.
+     *
+     * @return True if the network is blocked. Otherwise, false.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if the read fails.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean isUidNetworkingBlocked(final int uid, boolean isNetworkMetered,
+            IBpfMap<S32, U32> configurationMap,
+            IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap,
+            IBpfMap<S32, U8> dataSaverEnabledMap
+    ) {
+        throwIfPreT("isUidBlockedByFirewallChains is not available on pre-T devices");
+
+        // System uid is not blocked by firewall chains, see bpf_progs/netd.c
+        // TODO: use UserHandle.isCore() once it is accessible
+        if (uid < Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final int blockedReasons = getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                uid,
+                configurationMap,
+                uidOwnerMap,
+                dataSaverEnabledMap);
+        if (isNetworkMetered) {
+            return blockedReasons != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+        } else {
+            return (blockedReasons & ~BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK) != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get Data Saver enabled or disabled
+     *
+     * Note that before V, the data saver status in bpf is written by ConnectivityService
+     * when receiving {@link ConnectivityManager#ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED}. Thus,
+     * the status is not synchronized.
+     * On V+, the data saver status is set by platform code when enabling/disabling
+     * data saver, which is synchronized.
+     *
+     * @return whether Data Saver is enabled or disabled.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public static boolean getDataSaverEnabled(IBpfMap<S32, U8> dataSaverEnabledMap) {
+        throwIfPreT("getDataSaverEnabled is not available on pre-T devices");
+
+        try {
+            return dataSaverEnabledMap.getValue(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY).val == DATA_SAVER_ENABLED;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno, "Unable to get data saver: "
+                    + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 66b2840..0b37fa5 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
-import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT;
-import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN;
@@ -27,8 +25,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException;
 
-import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
-
 import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -41,16 +37,12 @@
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.SystemService;
-import android.annotation.TargetApi;
-import android.app.Application;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DetectionMethod;
 import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
 import android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback;
@@ -82,7 +74,7 @@
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 import libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher;
 
@@ -104,7 +96,6 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
 /**
  * Class that answers queries about the state of network connectivity. It also
@@ -135,6 +126,14 @@
                 "com.android.net.flags.set_data_saver_via_cm";
         static final String SUPPORT_IS_UID_NETWORKING_BLOCKED =
                 "com.android.net.flags.support_is_uid_networking_blocked";
+        static final String BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED =
+                "com.android.net.flags.basic_background_restrictions_enabled";
+        static final String METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS =
+                "com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains";
+        static final String BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY_CHAINS =
+                "com.android.net.flags.blocked_reason_oem_deny_chains";
+        static final String BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED =
+                "com.android.net.flags.blocked_reason_network_restricted";
     }
 
     /**
@@ -908,6 +907,40 @@
     public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 1 << 5;
 
     /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to default background restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND = 1 << 6;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to OEM-specific application restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @see #FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1
+     * @see #FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2
+     * @see #FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY = 1 << 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app does not have permission to access the specified network,
+     * for example, because it does not have the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET}
+     * permission.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED = 1 << 8;
+
+    /**
      * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Data saver restrictions that would
      * result in its metered network access being blocked.
      *
@@ -946,6 +979,9 @@
             BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE,
             BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN,
             BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED,
@@ -963,7 +999,6 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
     private final IConnectivityManager mService;
 
-    // LINT.IfChange(firewall_chain)
     /**
      * Firewall chain for device idle (doze mode).
      * Allowlist of apps that have network access in device idle.
@@ -1005,6 +1040,16 @@
     public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5;
 
     /**
+     * Firewall chain used for always-on default background restrictions.
+     * Allowlist of apps that have access because either they are in the foreground or they are
+     * exempted for specific situations while in the background.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND = 6;
+
+    /**
      * Firewall chain used for OEM-specific application restrictions.
      *
      * Denylist of apps that will not have network access due to OEM-specific restrictions. If an
@@ -1055,6 +1100,61 @@
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3 = 9;
 
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain for allow list on metered networks
+     *
+     * UIDs added to this chain have access to metered networks, unless they're also in one of the
+     * denylist, {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER},
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN}
+     *
+     * Note that this chain is used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables and
+     * can not be controlled by {@link ConnectivityManager#setFirewallChainEnabled}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Merge this chain with data saver and support setFirewallChainEnabled
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain for user-set restrictions on metered networks
+     *
+     * UIDs added to this chain do not have access to metered networks.
+     * UIDs should be added to this chain based on user settings.
+     * To restrict metered network based on admin configuration (e.g. enterprise policies),
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN} should be used.
+     * This chain corresponds to {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED}
+     *
+     * Note that this chain is used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables and
+     * can not be controlled by {@link ConnectivityManager#setFirewallChainEnabled}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Support setFirewallChainEnabled to control this chain
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER = 11;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain for admin-set restrictions on metered networks
+     *
+     * UIDs added to this chain do not have access to metered networks.
+     * UIDs should be added to this chain based on admin configuration (e.g. enterprise policies).
+     * To restrict metered network based on user settings, {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}
+     * should be used.
+     * This chain corresponds to {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED}
+     *
+     * Note that this chain is used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables and
+     * can not be controlled by {@link ConnectivityManager#setFirewallChainEnabled}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Support setFirewallChainEnabled to control this chain
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN = 12;
+
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "FIREWALL_CHAIN_", value = {
@@ -1063,12 +1163,15 @@
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2,
-        FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN
     })
     public @interface FirewallChain {}
-    // LINT.ThenChange(packages/modules/Connectivity/service/native/include/Common.h)
 
     /**
      * A firewall rule which allows or drops packets depending on existing policy.
@@ -6010,6 +6113,13 @@
     /**
      * Sets data saver switch.
      *
+     * <p>This API configures the bandwidth control, and filling data saver status in BpfMap,
+     * which is intended for internal use by the network stack to optimize performance
+     * when frequently checking data saver status for multiple uids without doing IPC.
+     * It does not directly control the global data saver mode that users manage in settings.
+     * To query the comprehensive data saver status for a specific UID, including allowlist
+     * considerations, use {@link #getRestrictBackgroundStatus}.
+     *
      * @param enable True if enable.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if failed.
      * @hide
@@ -6045,7 +6155,7 @@
     })
     public void addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, true /* add */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6068,7 +6178,7 @@
     })
     public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, false /* remove */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6078,10 +6188,17 @@
      * Adds the specified UID to the list of UIDs that are not allowed to use background data on
      * metered networks. Takes precedence over {@link #addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList}.
      *
+     * On V+, {@link #setUidFirewallRule} should be used with
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER} or {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN}
+     * based on the reason so that users can receive {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED}
+     * or {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED}, respectively.
+     * This API always uses {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}.
+     *
      * @param uid uid of target app
      * @throws IllegalStateException if updating deny list failed.
      * @hide
      */
+    // TODO(b/332649177): Deprecate this API after V
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
@@ -6090,7 +6207,7 @@
     })
     public void addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, true /* add */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6101,10 +6218,17 @@
      * networks if background data is not restricted. The deny list takes precedence over the
      * allow list.
      *
+     * On V+, {@link #setUidFirewallRule} should be used with
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER} or {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN}
+     * based on the reason so that users can receive {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED}
+     * or {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED}, respectively.
+     * This API always uses {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}.
+     *
      * @param uid uid of target app
      * @throws IllegalStateException if updating deny list failed.
      * @hide
      */
+    // TODO(b/332649177): Deprecate this API after V
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
@@ -6113,7 +6237,7 @@
     })
     public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, false /* remove */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6171,6 +6295,10 @@
     /**
      * Enables or disables the specified firewall chain.
      *
+     * Note that metered firewall chains can not be controlled by this API.
+     * See {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW}, {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}, and
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN} for more detail.
+     *
      * @param chain target chain.
      * @param enable whether the chain should be enabled.
      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
@@ -6239,90 +6367,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Helper class to track data saver status.
-     *
-     * The class will fetch current data saver status from {@link NetworkPolicyManager} when
-     * initialized, and listening for status changed intent to cache the latest status.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) // RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED requires T.
-    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
-    public static class DataSaverStatusTracker extends BroadcastReceiver {
-        private static final Object sDataSaverStatusTrackerLock = new Object();
-
-        private static volatile DataSaverStatusTracker sInstance;
-
-        /**
-         * Gets a static instance of the class.
-         *
-         * @param context A {@link Context} for initialization. Note that since the data saver
-         *                status is global on a device, passing any context is equivalent.
-         * @return The static instance of a {@link DataSaverStatusTracker}.
-         */
-        public static DataSaverStatusTracker getInstance(@NonNull Context context) {
-            if (sInstance == null) {
-                synchronized (sDataSaverStatusTrackerLock) {
-                    if (sInstance == null) {
-                        sInstance = new DataSaverStatusTracker(context);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return sInstance;
-        }
-
-        private final NetworkPolicyManager mNpm;
-        // The value updates on the caller's binder thread or UI thread.
-        private final AtomicBoolean mIsDataSaverEnabled;
-
-        @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
-        public DataSaverStatusTracker(final Context context) {
-            // To avoid leaks, take the application context.
-            final Context appContext;
-            if (context instanceof Application) {
-                appContext = context;
-            } else {
-                appContext = context.getApplicationContext();
-            }
-
-            if ((appContext.getApplicationInfo().flags & FLAG_PERSISTENT) == 0
-                    && (appContext.getApplicationInfo().flags & FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected caller: "
-                        + appContext.getApplicationInfo().packageName);
-            }
-
-            mNpm = appContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);
-            final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(
-                    ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED);
-            // The receiver should not receive broadcasts from other Apps.
-            appContext.registerReceiver(this, filter, Context.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED);
-            mIsDataSaverEnabled = new AtomicBoolean();
-            updateDataSaverEnabled();
-        }
-
-        // Runs on caller's UI thread.
-        @Override
-        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-            if (intent.getAction().equals(ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED)) {
-                updateDataSaverEnabled();
-            } else {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected intent " + intent);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public boolean getDataSaverEnabled() {
-            return mIsDataSaverEnabled.get();
-        }
-
-        private void updateDataSaverEnabled() {
-            // Uid doesn't really matter, but use a fixed UID to make things clearer.
-            final int dataSaverForCallerUid = mNpm.getRestrictBackgroundStatus(Process.SYSTEM_UID);
-            mIsDataSaverEnabled.set(dataSaverForCallerUid
-                    != ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Return whether the network is blocked for the given uid and metered condition.
      *
      * Similar to {@link NetworkPolicyManager#isUidNetworkingBlocked}, but directly reads the BPF
@@ -6343,18 +6387,21 @@
     // Only the system server process and the network stack have access.
     @FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_IS_UID_NETWORKING_BLOCKED)
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)  // BPF maps were only mainlined in T
+    // Note b/326143935 kernel bug can trigger crash on some T device.
+    @RequiresApi(VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     @RequiresPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
     public boolean isUidNetworkingBlocked(int uid, boolean isNetworkMetered) {
-        final BpfNetMapsReader reader = BpfNetMapsReader.getInstance();
-
-        final boolean isDataSaverEnabled;
-        // TODO: For U-QPR3+ devices, get data saver status from bpf configuration map directly.
-        final DataSaverStatusTracker dataSaverStatusTracker =
-                DataSaverStatusTracker.getInstance(mContext);
-        isDataSaverEnabled = dataSaverStatusTracker.getDataSaverEnabled();
-
-        return reader.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, isNetworkMetered, isDataSaverEnabled);
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "isUidNetworkingBlocked is not supported on pre-U devices");
+        }
+        final NetworkStackBpfNetMaps reader = NetworkStackBpfNetMaps.getInstance();
+        // Note that before V, the data saver status in bpf is written by ConnectivityService
+        // when receiving {@link #ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED}. Thus,
+        // the status is not synchronized.
+        // On V+, the data saver status is set by platform code when enabling/disabling
+        // data saver, which is synchronized.
+        return reader.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, isNetworkMetered);
     }
 
     /** @hide */
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index d3a02b9..55c7085 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -242,10 +242,6 @@
 
     void setDataSaverEnabled(boolean enable);
 
-    void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(int uid, boolean add);
-
-    void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(int uid, boolean add);
-
     void setUidFirewallRule(int chain, int uid, int rule);
 
     int getUidFirewallRule(int chain, int uid);
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/LocalNetworkConfig.java b/framework/src/android/net/LocalNetworkConfig.java
index fca7fd1..17b1064 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/LocalNetworkConfig.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/LocalNetworkConfig.java
@@ -62,11 +62,19 @@
         return mUpstreamSelector;
     }
 
-    public @NonNull MulticastRoutingConfig getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig() {
+    /**
+     * Get the upstream multicast routing config
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public MulticastRoutingConfig getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig() {
         return mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
     }
 
-    public @NonNull MulticastRoutingConfig getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig() {
+    /**
+     * Get the downstream multicast routing config
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public MulticastRoutingConfig getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig() {
         return mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
     }
 
@@ -82,6 +90,15 @@
         dest.writeParcelable(mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig, flags);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "LocalNetworkConfig{"
+                + "UpstreamSelector=" + mUpstreamSelector
+                + ", UpstreamMulticastConfig=" + mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig
+                + ", DownstreamMulticastConfig=" + mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig
+                + '}';
+    }
+
     public static final @NonNull Creator<LocalNetworkConfig> CREATOR = new Creator<>() {
         public LocalNetworkConfig createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
             final NetworkRequest upstreamSelector = in.readParcelable(null);
@@ -100,13 +117,13 @@
 
     public static final class Builder {
         @Nullable
-        NetworkRequest mUpstreamSelector;
+        private NetworkRequest mUpstreamSelector;
 
         @Nullable
-        MulticastRoutingConfig mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
+        private MulticastRoutingConfig mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
 
         @Nullable
-        MulticastRoutingConfig mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
+        private MulticastRoutingConfig mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
 
         /**
          * Create a Builder
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/MulticastRoutingConfig.java b/framework/src/android/net/MulticastRoutingConfig.java
index ebd9fc5..4a3e1be 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/MulticastRoutingConfig.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/MulticastRoutingConfig.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 
@@ -30,7 +31,9 @@
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
 
 /**
  * A class representing a configuration for multicast routing.
@@ -38,8 +41,8 @@
  * Internal usage to Connectivity
  * @hide
  */
-// TODO : @SystemApi
-public class MulticastRoutingConfig implements Parcelable {
+// @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class MulticastRoutingConfig implements Parcelable {
     private static final String TAG = MulticastRoutingConfig.class.getSimpleName();
 
     /** Do not forward any multicast packets. */
@@ -55,6 +58,7 @@
      */
     public static final int FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE = 2;
 
+    /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef(prefix = { "FORWARD_" }, value = {
             FORWARD_NONE,
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@
      */
     public static final int MULTICAST_SCOPE_NONE = -1;
 
+    /** @hide */
     public static final MulticastRoutingConfig CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE =
             new MulticastRoutingConfig(FORWARD_NONE, MULTICAST_SCOPE_NONE, null);
 
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@
      * Returns the minimal group address scope that is allowed for forwarding.
      * If the forwarding mode is not FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, will be MULTICAST_SCOPE_NONE.
      */
-    public int getMinScope() {
+    public int getMinimumScope() {
         return mMinScope;
     }
 
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@
      * The list will be empty if the forwarding mode is not FORWARD_SELECTED.
      */
     @NonNull
-    public Set<Inet6Address> getMulticastListeningAddresses() {
+    public Set<Inet6Address> getListeningAddresses() {
         return mListeningAddresses;
     }
 
@@ -133,7 +138,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
         dest.writeInt(mForwardingMode);
         dest.writeInt(mMinScope);
         dest.writeInt(mListeningAddresses.size());
@@ -147,9 +152,10 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
+    @NonNull
     public static final Creator<MulticastRoutingConfig> CREATOR = new Creator<>() {
         @Override
-        public MulticastRoutingConfig createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+        public MulticastRoutingConfig createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
             return new MulticastRoutingConfig(in);
         }
 
@@ -159,43 +165,67 @@
         }
     };
 
-    public static class Builder {
+    private static String forwardingModeToString(final int forwardingMode) {
+        switch (forwardingMode) {
+            case FORWARD_NONE: return "NONE";
+            case FORWARD_SELECTED: return "SELECTED";
+            case FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE: return "WITH_MIN_SCOPE";
+            default: return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class Builder {
         @MulticastForwardingMode
         private final int mForwardingMode;
         private int mMinScope;
         private final ArraySet<Inet6Address> mListeningAddresses;
 
-        private Builder(@MulticastForwardingMode final int mode, int scope) {
+        // The two constructors with runtime checks for the mode and scope are arguably
+        // less convenient than three static factory methods, but API guidelines mandates
+        // that Builders are built with a constructor and not factory methods.
+        /**
+         * Create a new builder for forwarding mode FORWARD_NONE or FORWARD_SELECTED.
+         *
+         * <p>On a Builder for FORWARD_NONE, no properties can be set.
+         * <p>On a Builder for FORWARD_SELECTED, listening addresses can be added and removed
+         * but the minimum scope can't be set.
+         *
+         * @param mode {@link #FORWARD_NONE} or {@link #FORWARD_SELECTED}. Any other
+         *             value will result in IllegalArgumentException.
+         * @see #Builder(int, int)
+         */
+        public Builder(@MulticastForwardingMode final int mode) {
+            if (FORWARD_NONE != mode && FORWARD_SELECTED != mode) {
+                if (FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE == mode) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE requires "
+                            + "passing the scope as a second argument");
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown forwarding mode : " + mode);
+                }
+            }
             mForwardingMode = mode;
-            mMinScope = scope;
+            mMinScope = MULTICAST_SCOPE_NONE;
             mListeningAddresses = new ArraySet<>();
         }
 
         /**
-         * Create a builder that forwards nothing.
-         * No properties can be set on such a builder.
-         */
-        public static Builder newBuilderForwardingNone() {
-            return new Builder(FORWARD_NONE, MULTICAST_SCOPE_NONE);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Create a builder that forwards packets above a certain scope
+         * Create a new builder for forwarding mode FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE.
          *
-         * The scope can be changed on this builder, but not the listening addresses.
-         * @param scope the initial scope
-         */
-        public static Builder newBuilderWithMinScope(final int scope) {
-            return new Builder(FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, scope);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Create a builder that forwards a specified list of listening addresses.
+         * <p>On this Builder the scope can be set with {@link #setMinimumScope}, but
+         * listening addresses can't be added or removed.
          *
-         * Addresses can be added and removed from this builder, but the scope can't be set.
+         * @param mode Must be {@link #FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE}.
+         * @param scope the minimum scope for this multicast routing config.
+         * @see Builder#Builder(int)
          */
-        public static Builder newBuilderWithListeningAddresses() {
-            return new Builder(FORWARD_SELECTED, MULTICAST_SCOPE_NONE);
+        public Builder(@MulticastForwardingMode final int mode, int scope) {
+            if (FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE != mode) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Forwarding with a min scope must "
+                        + "use forward mode FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE");
+            }
+            mForwardingMode = mode;
+            mMinScope = scope;
+            mListeningAddresses = new ArraySet<>();
         }
 
         /**
@@ -203,6 +233,7 @@
          * This is only meaningful (indeed, allowed) for configs in FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE mode.
          * @return this builder
          */
+        @NonNull
         public Builder setMinimumScope(final int scope) {
             if (FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE != mForwardingMode) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't set the scope on a builder in mode "
@@ -219,6 +250,7 @@
          * If this address was already added, this is a no-op.
          * @return this builder
          */
+        @NonNull
         public Builder addListeningAddress(@NonNull final Inet6Address address) {
             if (FORWARD_SELECTED != mForwardingMode) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't add an address on a builder in mode "
@@ -236,7 +268,8 @@
          * If this address was not added, or was already removed, this is a no-op.
          * @return this builder
          */
-        public Builder removeListeningAddress(@NonNull final Inet6Address address) {
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder clearListeningAddress(@NonNull final Inet6Address address) {
             if (FORWARD_SELECTED != mForwardingMode) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't remove an address on a builder in mode "
                         + modeToString(mForwardingMode));
@@ -248,6 +281,7 @@
         /**
          * Build the config.
          */
+        @NonNull
         public MulticastRoutingConfig build() {
             return new MulticastRoutingConfig(mForwardingMode, mMinScope, mListeningAddresses);
         }
@@ -261,4 +295,41 @@
             default: return "unknown multicast routing mode " + mode;
         }
     }
+
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (other == this) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (!(other instanceof MulticastRoutingConfig)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            final MulticastRoutingConfig otherConfig = (MulticastRoutingConfig) other;
+            return mForwardingMode == otherConfig.mForwardingMode
+                && mMinScope == otherConfig.mMinScope
+                && mListeningAddresses.equals(otherConfig.mListeningAddresses);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mForwardingMode, mMinScope, mListeningAddresses);
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringJoiner resultJoiner = new StringJoiner(" ", "{", "}");
+
+        resultJoiner.add("ForwardingMode:");
+        resultJoiner.add(modeToString(mForwardingMode));
+
+        if (mForwardingMode == FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE) {
+            resultJoiner.add("MinScope:");
+            resultJoiner.add(Integer.toString(mMinScope));
+        }
+
+        if (mForwardingMode == FORWARD_SELECTED && !mListeningAddresses.isEmpty()) {
+            resultJoiner.add("ListeningAddresses: [");
+            resultJoiner.add(TextUtils.join(",", mListeningAddresses));
+            resultJoiner.add("]");
+        }
+
+        return resultJoiner.toString();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index 4e9087c..574ab2f 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -756,11 +756,20 @@
             }
             final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) mInitialConfiguration.context
                     .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-            mNetwork = cm.registerNetworkAgent(new NetworkAgentBinder(mHandler),
-                    new NetworkInfo(mInitialConfiguration.info),
-                    mInitialConfiguration.properties, mInitialConfiguration.capabilities,
-                    mInitialConfiguration.localNetworkConfig, mInitialConfiguration.score,
-                    mInitialConfiguration.config, providerId);
+            if (mInitialConfiguration.localNetworkConfig == null) {
+                // Call registerNetworkAgent without localNetworkConfig argument to pass
+                // android.net.cts.NetworkAgentTest#testAgentStartsInConnecting in old cts
+                mNetwork = cm.registerNetworkAgent(new NetworkAgentBinder(mHandler),
+                        new NetworkInfo(mInitialConfiguration.info),
+                        mInitialConfiguration.properties, mInitialConfiguration.capabilities,
+                        mInitialConfiguration.score, mInitialConfiguration.config, providerId);
+            } else {
+                mNetwork = cm.registerNetworkAgent(new NetworkAgentBinder(mHandler),
+                        new NetworkInfo(mInitialConfiguration.info),
+                        mInitialConfiguration.properties, mInitialConfiguration.capabilities,
+                        mInitialConfiguration.localNetworkConfig, mInitialConfiguration.score,
+                        mInitialConfiguration.config, providerId);
+            }
             mInitialConfiguration = null; // All this memory can now be GC'd
         }
         return mNetwork;
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index f959114..45efbfe 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.describeDifferences;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.LongDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -29,9 +30,6 @@
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
-// Can't be imported because aconfig tooling doesn't exist on udc-mainline-prod yet
-// See inner class Flags which mimics this for the time being
-// import android.net.flags.Flags;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
@@ -130,6 +128,12 @@
     public static class Flags {
         static final String FLAG_FORBIDDEN_CAPABILITY =
                 "com.android.net.flags.forbidden_capability";
+        static final String FLAG_NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK =
+                "com.android.net.flags.net_capability_local_network";
+        static final String REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI =
+                "com.android.net.flags.request_restricted_wifi";
+        static final String SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE =
+                "com.android.net.flags.support_transport_satellite";
     }
 
     /**
@@ -716,17 +720,24 @@
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH = 35;
 
     /**
-     * This is a local network, e.g. a tethering downstream or a P2P direct network.
+     * Indicates that this network is a local network.
      *
-     * <p>
-     * Note that local networks are not sent to callbacks by default. To receive callbacks about
-     * them, the {@link NetworkRequest} instance must be prepared to see them, either by
-     * adding the capability with {@link NetworkRequest.Builder#addCapability}, by removing
-     * this forbidden capability with {@link NetworkRequest.Builder#removeForbiddenCapability},
-     * or by clearing all capabilites with {@link NetworkRequest.Builder#clearCapabilities()}.
-     * </p>
-     * @hide
+     * Local networks are networks where the device is not obtaining IP addresses from the
+     * network, but advertising IP addresses itself. Examples of local networks are:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>USB tethering or Wi-Fi hotspot networks to which the device is sharing its Internet
+     * connectivity.
+     * <li>Thread networks where the current device is the Thread Border Router.
+     * <li>Wi-Fi P2P networks where the current device is the Group Owner.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * Networks used to obtain Internet access are never local networks.
+     *
+     * Apps that target an SDK before {@link Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM} will not see
+     * networks with this capability unless they explicitly set the NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK
+     * in their NetworkRequests.
      */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK = 36;
 
     private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
@@ -738,22 +749,22 @@
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
      * network is connected.
      */
-    private static final long MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES = BitUtils.packBitList(
+    private static final long MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES =
             // TRUSTED can change when user explicitly connects to an untrusted network in Settings.
             // http://b/18206275
-            NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED) |
             // The value of NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT is 32, which cannot use int to do bit shift,
             // otherwise there will be an overflow. Use long to do bit shift instead.
-            NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT);
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT);
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are not allowed in NetworkRequests. This exists because the
@@ -773,10 +784,10 @@
     /**
      * Capabilities that are set by default when the object is constructed.
      */
-    private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES = BitUtils.packBitList(
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+    private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES =
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that are managed by ConnectivityService.
@@ -784,11 +795,10 @@
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final long CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES =
-            BitUtils.packBitList(
-                    NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
-                    NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
-                    NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
-                    NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that are allowed for all test networks. This list must be set so that it is safe
@@ -797,15 +807,14 @@
      * IMS, SUPL, etc.
      */
     private static final long TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES =
-            BitUtils.packBitList(
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
 
     /**
      * Extra allowed capabilities for test networks that do not have TRANSPORT_CELLULAR. Test
@@ -813,7 +822,9 @@
      * the risk of being used by running apps.
      */
     private static final long TEST_NETWORKS_EXTRA_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES_ON_NON_CELL =
-            BitUtils.packBitList(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS, NET_CAPABILITY_DUN, NET_CAPABILITY_RCS);
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_DUN) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_RCS);
 
     /**
      * Adds the given capability to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
@@ -1163,7 +1174,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public void maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() {
-        if (NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.inferRestrictedCapability(this)) {
+        if (NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.inferRestrictedCapability(mNetworkCapabilities)) {
             removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
         }
     }
@@ -1257,6 +1268,7 @@
             TRANSPORT_TEST,
             TRANSPORT_USB,
             TRANSPORT_THREAD,
+            TRANSPORT_SATELLITE,
     })
     public @interface Transport { }
 
@@ -1313,10 +1325,16 @@
      */
     public static final int TRANSPORT_THREAD = 9;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a Satellite transport.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_SATELLITE = 10;
+
     /** @hide */
     public static final int MIN_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
     /** @hide */
-    public static final int MAX_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_THREAD;
+    public static final int MAX_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_SATELLITE;
 
     private static final int ALL_VALID_TRANSPORTS;
     static {
@@ -1343,18 +1361,18 @@
         "TEST",
         "USB",
         "THREAD",
+        "SATELLITE",
     };
 
     /**
      * Allowed transports on an unrestricted test network (in addition to TRANSPORT_TEST).
      */
     private static final long UNRESTRICTED_TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_TRANSPORTS =
-            BitUtils.packBitList(
-                    TRANSPORT_TEST,
-                    // Test eth networks are created with EthernetManager#setIncludeTestInterfaces
-                    TRANSPORT_ETHERNET,
-                    // Test VPN networks can be created but their UID ranges must be empty.
-                    TRANSPORT_VPN);
+            (1L << TRANSPORT_TEST) |
+            // Test eth networks are created with EthernetManager#setIncludeTestInterfaces
+            (1L << TRANSPORT_ETHERNET) |
+            // Test VPN networks can be created but their UID ranges must be empty.
+            (1L << TRANSPORT_VPN);
 
     /**
      * Adds the given transport type to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
@@ -1457,6 +1475,18 @@
         return mTransportTypes == (1 << transportType);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns true iff this NC has the specified transport and no other, ignoring TRANSPORT_TEST.
+     *
+     * If this NC has the passed transport and no other, this method returns true.
+     * If this NC has the passed transport, TRANSPORT_TEST and no other, this method returns true.
+     * Otherwise, this method returns false.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasSingleTransportBesidesTest(@Transport int transportType) {
+        return (mTransportTypes & ~(1 << TRANSPORT_TEST)) == (1 << transportType);
+    }
+
     private boolean satisfiedByTransportTypes(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         return ((this.mTransportTypes == 0)
                 || ((this.mTransportTypes & nc.mTransportTypes) != 0));
@@ -1739,9 +1769,12 @@
     public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setNetworkSpecifier(
             @NonNull NetworkSpecifier networkSpecifier) {
         if (networkSpecifier != null
-                // Transport can be test, or test + a single other transport
+                // Transport can be test, or test + a single other transport or cellular + satellite
+                // transport. Note: cellular + satellite combination is allowed since both transport
+                // use the same specifier, TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.
                 && mTransportTypes != (1L << TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                && Long.bitCount(mTransportTypes & ~(1L << TRANSPORT_TEST)) != 1) {
+                && Long.bitCount(mTransportTypes & ~(1L << TRANSPORT_TEST)) != 1
+                && !specifierAcceptableForMultipleTransports(mTransportTypes)) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Must have a single non-test transport specified to "
                     + "use setNetworkSpecifier");
         }
@@ -1751,6 +1784,12 @@
         return this;
     }
 
+    private boolean specifierAcceptableForMultipleTransports(long transportTypes) {
+        return (transportTypes & ~(1L << TRANSPORT_TEST))
+                // Cellular and satellite use the same NetworkSpecifier.
+                == (1 << TRANSPORT_CELLULAR | 1 << TRANSPORT_SATELLITE);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the optional transport specific information.
      *
@@ -2782,10 +2821,9 @@
      * receiver holds the NETWORK_FACTORY permission. In all other cases, it will be the empty set.
      *
      * @return
-     * @hide
      */
     @NonNull
-    @SystemApi
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI)
     public Set<Integer> getSubscriptionIds() {
         return new ArraySet<>(mSubIds);
     }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index 9824faa..f7600b2 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
@@ -34,14 +33,13 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
-// TODO : replace with android.net.flags.Flags when aconfig is supported on udc-mainline-prod
-// import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Flags;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Transport;
 import android.os.Build;
@@ -145,6 +143,12 @@
  * Look up the specific capability to learn whether its usage requires this self-certification.
  */
 public class NetworkRequest implements Parcelable {
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static class Flags {
+        static final String REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI =
+                "com.android.net.flags.request_restricted_wifi";
+    }
     /**
      * The first requestId value that will be allocated.
      * @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
@@ -284,15 +288,6 @@
                 NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
                 NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
 
-        /**
-         * Capabilities that are forbidden by default.
-         * Forbidden capabilities only make sense in NetworkRequest, not for network agents.
-         * Therefore these capabilities are only in NetworkRequest.
-         */
-        private static final int[] DEFAULT_FORBIDDEN_CAPABILITIES = new int[] {
-            NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK
-        };
-
         private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
 
         // A boolean that represents whether the NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability should be deduced when
@@ -308,16 +303,6 @@
             // it for apps that do not have the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
             mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
             mNetworkCapabilities.setSingleUid(Process.myUid());
-            // Default forbidden capabilities are foremost meant to help with backward
-            // compatibility. When adding new types of network identified by a capability that
-            // might confuse older apps, a default forbidden capability will have apps not see
-            // these networks unless they explicitly ask for it.
-            // If the app called clearCapabilities() it will see everything, but then it
-            // can be argued that it's fair to send them too, since it asked for everything
-            // explicitly.
-            for (final int forbiddenCap : DEFAULT_FORBIDDEN_CAPABILITIES) {
-                mNetworkCapabilities.addForbiddenCapability(forbiddenCap);
-            }
         }
 
         /**
@@ -627,10 +612,9 @@
          * NETWORK_FACTORY permission.
          *
          * @param subIds A {@code Set} that represents subscription IDs.
-         * @hide
          */
         @NonNull
-        @SystemApi
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI)
         public Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull Set<Integer> subIds) {
             mNetworkCapabilities.setSubscriptionIds(subIds);
             return this;
@@ -887,4 +871,17 @@
         // a new array.
         return networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the subscription ids set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
+     *
+     * @return Set of Integer values for this instance.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI)
+    public Set<Integer> getSubscriptionIds() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getSubscriptionIds() already returns
+        // a new set.
+        return networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMaps.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMaps.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7c4e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMaps.java
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
+
+/**
+ * A helper class to *read* java BpfMaps for network stack.
+ * BpfMap operations that are not used from network stack should be in
+ * {@link com.android.server.BpfNetMaps}
+ * @hide
+ */
+// NetworkStack can not use this before U due to b/326143935
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+public class NetworkStackBpfNetMaps {
+    private static final String TAG = NetworkStackBpfNetMaps.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // Locally store the handle of bpf maps. The FileDescriptors are statically cached inside the
+    // BpfMap implementation.
+
+    // Bpf map to store various networking configurations, the format of the value is different
+    // for different keys. See BpfNetMapsConstants#*_CONFIGURATION_KEY for keys.
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, U32> mConfigurationMap;
+    // Bpf map to store per uid traffic control configurations.
+    // See {@link UidOwnerValue} for more detail.
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> mUidOwnerMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, U8> mDataSaverEnabledMap;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    private static class SingletonHolder {
+        static final NetworkStackBpfNetMaps sInstance = new NetworkStackBpfNetMaps();
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static NetworkStackBpfNetMaps getInstance() {
+        return SingletonHolder.sInstance;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStackBpfNetMaps() {
+        this(new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    // While the production code uses the singleton to optimize for performance and deal with
+    // concurrent access, the test needs to use a non-static approach for dependency injection and
+    // mocking virtual bpf maps.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkStackBpfNetMaps(@NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    NetworkStackBpfNetMaps.class.getSimpleName()
+                            + " is not supported below Android T");
+        }
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mConfigurationMap = mDeps.getConfigurationMap();
+        mUidOwnerMap = mDeps.getUidOwnerMap();
+        mDataSaverEnabledMap = mDeps.getDataSaverEnabledMap();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of BpfNetMapReader, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /** Get the configuration map. */
+        public IBpfMap<S32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDONLY,
+                        S32.class, U32.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open configuration map", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get the uid owner map. */
+        public IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> getUidOwnerMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDONLY,
+                        S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid owner map", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get the data saver enabled map. */
+        public  IBpfMap<S32, U8> getDataSaverEnabledMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDONLY, S32.class,
+                        U8.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open data saver enabled map", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the specified firewall chain's status.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain
+     * @return {@code true} if chain is enabled, {@code false} if chain is not enabled.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public boolean isChainEnabled(final int chain) {
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.isChainEnabled(mConfigurationMap, chain);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get firewall rule of specified firewall chain on specified uid.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain
+     * @param uid        target uid
+     * @return either {@link ConnectivityManager#FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW} or
+     *         {@link ConnectivityManager#FIREWALL_RULE_DENY}.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public int getUidRule(final int chain, final int uid) {
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.getUidRule(mUidOwnerMap, chain, uid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the network is blocked by firewall chains for the given uid.
+     *
+     * Note that {@link #getDataSaverEnabled()} has a latency before V.
+     *
+     * @param uid The target uid.
+     * @param isNetworkMetered Whether the target network is metered.
+     *
+     * @return True if the network is blocked. Otherwise, false.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if the read fails.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isUidNetworkingBlocked(final int uid, boolean isNetworkMetered) {
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, isNetworkMetered,
+                mConfigurationMap, mUidOwnerMap, mDataSaverEnabledMap);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get Data Saver enabled or disabled
+     *
+     * Note that before V, the data saver status in bpf is written by ConnectivityService
+     * when receiving {@link ConnectivityManager#ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED}. Thus,
+     * the status is not synchronized.
+     * On V+, the data saver status is set by platform code when enabling/disabling
+     * data saver, which is synchronized.
+     *
+     * @return whether Data Saver is enabled or disabled.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public boolean getDataSaverEnabled() {
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.getDataSaverEnabled(mDataSaverEnabledMap);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
index 2679b62..18feb84 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -426,4 +426,21 @@
         return routedIPCount;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Sets a socket option with byte array
+     *
+     * @param fd The socket file descriptor
+     * @param level The level at which the option is defined
+     * @param option The socket option for which the value is to be set
+     * @param value The option value to be set in byte array
+     * @throws ErrnoException if setsockopt fails
+     */
+    public static native void setsockoptBytes(FileDescriptor fd, int level, int option,
+            byte[] value) throws ErrnoException;
+
+    /** Returns whether the Linux Kernel is 64 bit */
+    public static native boolean isKernel64Bit();
+
+    /** Returns whether the Linux Kernel is x86 */
+    public static native boolean isKernelX86();
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosSession.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosSession.java
index 25f3965..d1edae9 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/QosSession.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosSession.java
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
 /**
  * Provides identifying information of a QoS session.  Sent to an application through
  * {@link QosCallback}.
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@
             TYPE_EPS_BEARER,
             TYPE_NR_BEARER,
     })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @interface QosSessionType {}
 
     private QosSession(final Parcel in) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
index fae2499..6b18629 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
+import java.util.Objects;
+
 /**
  * APF program support capabilities. APF stands for Android Packet Filtering and it is a flexible
  * way to drop unwanted network packets to save power.
@@ -102,15 +104,20 @@
                 && apfPacketFormat == other.apfPacketFormat;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(apfVersionSupported, maximumApfProgramSize, apfPacketFormat);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Determines whether the APF interpreter advertises support for the data buffer access opcodes
      * LDDW (LoaD Data Word) and STDW (STore Data Word). Full LDDW (LoaD Data Word) and
-     * STDW (STore Data Word) support is present from APFv4 on.
+     * STDW (STore Data Word) support is present from APFv3 on.
      *
      * @return {@code true} if the IWifiStaIface#readApfPacketFilterData is supported.
      */
     public boolean hasDataAccess() {
-        return apfVersionSupported >= 4;
+        return apfVersionSupported > 2;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
index dfe5867..c726dab 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
@@ -84,6 +84,43 @@
     @ChangeId
     @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public static final long ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND = 270306772L;
+
+    /**
+     * Apps targeting Android V or higher receive network callbacks from local networks as default
+     *
+     * Apps targeting lower than {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM} need
+     * to add {@link android.net.NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK} to the
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkCapabilities} of the {@link android.net.NetworkRequest} to receive
+     * {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} from local networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @ChangeId
+    @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    public static final long ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK = 319212206L;
+
+    /**
+     * On Android {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM} or higher releases,
+     * network access from apps targeting Android 36 or higher that do not have the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} permission is considered blocked.
+     * This results in API behaviors change for apps without
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} permission.
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkInfo} returned from {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager} APIs
+     * always has {@link android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState#BLOCKED}.
+     * {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager#getActiveNetwork()} always returns null.
+     * {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback#onBlockedStatusChanged()} is always
+     * called with blocked=true.
+     * <p>
+     * For backwards compatibility, apps running on older releases, or targeting older SDK levels,
+     * network access from apps without {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} permission is
+     * considered not blocked even though apps cannot access any networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @ChangeId
+    @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public static final long NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION = 333340911L;
+
     private ConnectivityCompatChanges() {
     }
 }
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/current.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6860c3c..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,816 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.net {
-
-  public class CaptivePortal implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public void ignoreNetwork();
-    method public void reportCaptivePortalDismissed();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.CaptivePortal> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager {
-    method public void registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
-    method public void unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
-  }
-
-  public abstract static class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback {
-    ctor public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
-    method public void onConnectivityReportAvailable(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport);
-    method public void onDataStallSuspected(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport);
-    method public void onNetworkConnectivityReported(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean);
-  }
-
-  public static final class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport(@NonNull android.net.Network, long, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public android.os.PersistableBundle getAdditionalInfo();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
-    method public long getReportTimestamp();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport> CREATOR;
-    field public static final String KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK = "networkProbesAttempted";
-    field public static final String KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK = "networkProbesSucceeded";
-    field public static final String KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT = "networkValidationResult";
-    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_DNS = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_FALLBACK = 32; // 0x20
-    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_HTTP = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_HTTPS = 16; // 0x10
-    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_PRIVATE_DNS = 64; // 0x40
-    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIALLY_VALID = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public static final class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport(@NonNull android.net.Network, long, int, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getDetectionMethod();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
-    method public long getReportTimestamp();
-    method @NonNull public android.os.PersistableBundle getStallDetails();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final String KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS = "dnsConsecutiveTimeouts";
-    field public static final String KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS = "tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis";
-    field public static final String KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE = "tcpPacketFailRate";
-  }
-
-  public class ConnectivityManager {
-    method public void addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener);
-    method public boolean bindProcessToNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
-    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network getActiveNetwork();
-    method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo();
-    method @Deprecated @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo();
-    method @Deprecated @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network[] getAllNetworks();
-    method @Deprecated public boolean getBackgroundDataSetting();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.Network getBoundNetworkForProcess();
-    method public int getConnectionOwnerUid(int, @NonNull java.net.InetSocketAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetSocketAddress);
-    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getDefaultProxy();
-    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public int getMultipathPreference(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int);
-    method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public int getNetworkPreference();
-    method @Nullable public byte[] getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash();
-    method @Deprecated @Nullable public static android.net.Network getProcessDefaultNetwork();
-    method public int getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public boolean isActiveNetworkMetered();
-    method public boolean isDefaultNetworkActive();
-    method @Deprecated public static boolean isNetworkTypeValid(int);
-    method public void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
-    method public void releaseNetworkRequest(@NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
-    method public void removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener);
-    method @Deprecated public void reportBadNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method public void reportNetworkConnectivity(@Nullable android.net.Network, boolean);
-    method public boolean requestBandwidthUpdate(@NonNull android.net.Network);
-    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
-    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
-    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, int);
-    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler, int);
-    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
-    method @Deprecated public void setNetworkPreference(int);
-    method @Deprecated public static boolean setProcessDefaultNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
-    method public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
-    field @Deprecated public static final String ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED";
-    field public static final String ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN = "android.net.conn.CAPTIVE_PORTAL";
-    field public static final String ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED";
-    field @Deprecated public static final String CONNECTIVITY_ACTION = "android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE";
-    field @Deprecated public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_URL = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_URL";
-    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_EXTRA_INFO = "extraInfo";
-    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_IS_FAILOVER = "isFailover";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK = "android.net.extra.NETWORK";
-    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO = "networkInfo";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST = "android.net.extra.NETWORK_REQUEST";
-    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE = "networkType";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_NO_CONNECTIVITY = "noConnectivity";
-    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_OTHER_NETWORK_INFO = "otherNetwork";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_REASON = "reason";
-    field public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED = 2; // 0x2
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_BLUETOOTH = 7; // 0x7
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_DUMMY = 8; // 0x8
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_ETHERNET = 9; // 0x9
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE = 0; // 0x0
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_DUN = 4; // 0x4
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI = 5; // 0x5
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_MMS = 2; // 0x2
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL = 3; // 0x3
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_VPN = 17; // 0x11
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_WIFI = 1; // 0x1
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_WIMAX = 6; // 0x6
-  }
-
-  public static class ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
-    ctor public ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback();
-    ctor public ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback(int);
-    method public void onAvailable(@NonNull android.net.Network);
-    method public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean);
-    method public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-    method public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
-    method public void onLosing(@NonNull android.net.Network, int);
-    method public void onLost(@NonNull android.net.Network);
-    method public void onUnavailable();
-    field public static final int FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public static interface ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener {
-    method public void onNetworkActive();
-  }
-
-  public class DhcpInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public DhcpInfo();
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.DhcpInfo> CREATOR;
-    field public int dns1;
-    field public int dns2;
-    field public int gateway;
-    field public int ipAddress;
-    field public int leaseDuration;
-    field public int netmask;
-    field public int serverAddress;
-  }
-
-  public final class DnsResolver {
-    method @NonNull public static android.net.DnsResolver getInstance();
-    method public void query(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull String, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress>>);
-    method public void query(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull String, int, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress>>);
-    method public void rawQuery(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull byte[], int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super byte[]>);
-    method public void rawQuery(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull String, int, int, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super byte[]>);
-    field public static final int CLASS_IN = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int ERROR_PARSE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int ERROR_SYSTEM = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int FLAG_EMPTY = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int FLAG_NO_CACHE_STORE = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int FLAG_NO_RETRY = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TYPE_A = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TYPE_AAAA = 28; // 0x1c
-  }
-
-  public static interface DnsResolver.Callback<T> {
-    method public void onAnswer(@NonNull T, int);
-    method public void onError(@NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.DnsException);
-  }
-
-  public static class DnsResolver.DnsException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public DnsResolver.DnsException(int, @Nullable Throwable);
-    field public final int code;
-  }
-
-  public class InetAddresses {
-    method public static boolean isNumericAddress(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public static java.net.InetAddress parseNumericAddress(@NonNull String);
-  }
-
-  public final class IpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getHttpProxy();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration getStaticIpConfiguration();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpConfiguration> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class IpConfiguration.Builder {
-    ctor public IpConfiguration.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.Builder setHttpProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.Builder setStaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.StaticIpConfiguration);
-  }
-
-  public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public IpPrefix(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int);
-    method public boolean contains(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.net.InetAddress getAddress();
-    method @IntRange(from=0, to=128) public int getPrefixLength();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getRawAddress();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpPrefix> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public class LinkAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public java.net.InetAddress getAddress();
-    method public int getFlags();
-    method @IntRange(from=0, to=128) public int getPrefixLength();
-    method public int getScope();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.LinkAddress> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class LinkProperties implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public LinkProperties();
-    method public boolean addRoute(@NonNull android.net.RouteInfo);
-    method public void clear();
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @Nullable public java.net.Inet4Address getDhcpServerAddress();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getDnsServers();
-    method @Nullable public String getDomains();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getHttpProxy();
-    method @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.LinkAddress> getLinkAddresses();
-    method public int getMtu();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.IpPrefix getNat64Prefix();
-    method @Nullable public String getPrivateDnsServerName();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.RouteInfo> getRoutes();
-    method public boolean isPrivateDnsActive();
-    method public boolean isWakeOnLanSupported();
-    method public void setDhcpServerAddress(@Nullable java.net.Inet4Address);
-    method public void setDnsServers(@NonNull java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
-    method public void setDomains(@Nullable String);
-    method public void setHttpProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
-    method public void setInterfaceName(@Nullable String);
-    method public void setLinkAddresses(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.LinkAddress>);
-    method public void setMtu(int);
-    method public void setNat64Prefix(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix);
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.LinkProperties> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class MacAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public static android.net.MacAddress fromBytes(@NonNull byte[]);
-    method @NonNull public static android.net.MacAddress fromString(@NonNull String);
-    method public int getAddressType();
-    method @Nullable public java.net.Inet6Address getLinkLocalIpv6FromEui48Mac();
-    method public boolean isLocallyAssigned();
-    method public boolean matches(@NonNull android.net.MacAddress, @NonNull android.net.MacAddress);
-    method @NonNull public byte[] toByteArray();
-    method @NonNull public String toOuiString();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field public static final android.net.MacAddress BROADCAST_ADDRESS;
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.MacAddress> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int TYPE_BROADCAST = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TYPE_MULTICAST = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TYPE_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public class Network implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public void bindSocket(java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void bindSocket(java.net.Socket) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void bindSocket(java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public static android.net.Network fromNetworkHandle(long);
-    method public java.net.InetAddress[] getAllByName(String) throws java.net.UnknownHostException;
-    method public java.net.InetAddress getByName(String) throws java.net.UnknownHostException;
-    method public long getNetworkHandle();
-    method public javax.net.SocketFactory getSocketFactory();
-    method public java.net.URLConnection openConnection(java.net.URL) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public java.net.URLConnection openConnection(java.net.URL, java.net.Proxy) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.Network> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public NetworkCapabilities();
-    ctor public NetworkCapabilities(android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getCapabilities();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getEnterpriseIds();
-    method public int getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps();
-    method public int getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
-    method public int getOwnerUid();
-    method public int getSignalStrength();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.TransportInfo getTransportInfo();
-    method public boolean hasCapability(int);
-    method public boolean hasEnterpriseId(int);
-    method public boolean hasTransport(int);
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkCapabilities> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = 17; // 0x11
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_CBS = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_DUN = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS = 10; // 0xa
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE = 29; // 0x1d
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND = 19; // 0x13
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT = 32; // 0x20
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IA = 7; // 0x7
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IMS = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET = 12; // 0xc
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MCX = 23; // 0x17
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMS = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL = 33; // 0x21
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED = 20; // 0x14
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED = 11; // 0xb
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED = 13; // 0xd
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING = 18; // 0x12
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED = 21; // 0x15
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN = 15; // 0xf
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH = 35; // 0x23
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY = 34; // 0x22
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_RCS = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED = 25; // 0x19
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED = 14; // 0xe
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED = 16; // 0x10
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1 = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2 = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3 = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_4 = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5 = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED = -2147483648; // 0x80000000
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_CELLULAR = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_ETHERNET = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_LOWPAN = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_THREAD = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_USB = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_VPN = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE = 5; // 0x5
-  }
-
-  @Deprecated public class NetworkInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor @Deprecated public NetworkInfo(int, int, @Nullable String, @Nullable String);
-    method @Deprecated public int describeContents();
-    method @Deprecated @NonNull public android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState getDetailedState();
-    method @Deprecated public String getExtraInfo();
-    method @Deprecated public String getReason();
-    method @Deprecated public android.net.NetworkInfo.State getState();
-    method @Deprecated public int getSubtype();
-    method @Deprecated public String getSubtypeName();
-    method @Deprecated public int getType();
-    method @Deprecated public String getTypeName();
-    method @Deprecated public boolean isAvailable();
-    method @Deprecated public boolean isConnected();
-    method @Deprecated public boolean isConnectedOrConnecting();
-    method @Deprecated public boolean isFailover();
-    method @Deprecated public boolean isRoaming();
-    method @Deprecated public void setDetailedState(@NonNull android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState, @Nullable String, @Nullable String);
-    method @Deprecated public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @Deprecated @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  @Deprecated public enum NetworkInfo.DetailedState {
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState AUTHENTICATING;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState BLOCKED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState CONNECTED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState CONNECTING;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState DISCONNECTED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState DISCONNECTING;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState FAILED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState IDLE;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState OBTAINING_IPADDR;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState SCANNING;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState SUSPENDED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState VERIFYING_POOR_LINK;
-  }
-
-  @Deprecated public enum NetworkInfo.State {
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State CONNECTED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State CONNECTING;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State DISCONNECTED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State DISCONNECTING;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State SUSPENDED;
-    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State UNKNOWN;
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getCapabilities();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
-    method public boolean hasCapability(int);
-    method public boolean hasTransport(int);
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkRequest> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkRequest.Builder();
-    ctor public NetworkRequest.Builder(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
-    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder addCapability(int);
-    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder addTransportType(int);
-    method public android.net.NetworkRequest build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder clearCapabilities();
-    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeCapability(int);
-    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeTransportType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(boolean);
-    method @Deprecated public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String);
-    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
-  }
-
-  public class ParseException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {
-    ctor public ParseException(@NonNull String);
-    ctor public ParseException(@NonNull String, @NonNull Throwable);
-    field public String response;
-  }
-
-  public class ProxyInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public ProxyInfo(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
-    method public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildDirectProxy(String, int);
-    method public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildDirectProxy(String, int, java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
-    method public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildPacProxy(android.net.Uri);
-    method @NonNull public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildPacProxy(@NonNull android.net.Uri, int);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public String[] getExclusionList();
-    method public String getHost();
-    method public android.net.Uri getPacFileUrl();
-    method public int getPort();
-    method public boolean isValid();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ProxyInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class RouteInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpPrefix getDestination();
-    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getGateway();
-    method @Nullable public String getInterface();
-    method public int getType();
-    method public boolean hasGateway();
-    method public boolean isDefaultRoute();
-    method public boolean matches(java.net.InetAddress);
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.RouteInfo> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int RTN_THROW = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int RTN_UNREACHABLE = 7; // 0x7
-  }
-
-  public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method public final void close();
-    method public final void start(@IntRange(from=0xa, to=0xe10) int);
-    method public final void stop();
-    field public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = -31; // 0xffffffe1
-    field public static final int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = -32; // 0xffffffe0
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL = -24; // 0xffffffe8
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21; // 0xffffffeb
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23; // 0xffffffe9
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = -20; // 0xffffffec
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22; // 0xffffffea
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET = -25; // 0xffffffe7
-    field public static final int ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE = -26; // 0xffffffe6
-    field public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = -30; // 0xffffffe2
-  }
-
-  public static class SocketKeepalive.Callback {
-    ctor public SocketKeepalive.Callback();
-    method public void onDataReceived();
-    method public void onError(int);
-    method public void onStarted();
-    method public void onStopped();
-  }
-
-  public final class StaticIpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getDnsServers();
-    method @Nullable public String getDomains();
-    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getGateway();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkAddress getIpAddress();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.StaticIpConfiguration> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class StaticIpConfiguration.Builder {
-    ctor public StaticIpConfiguration.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setDnsServers(@NonNull Iterable<java.net.InetAddress>);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setDomains(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setGateway(@Nullable java.net.InetAddress);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setIpAddress(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
-  }
-
-  public interface TransportInfo {
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net.http {
-
-  public abstract class BidirectionalStream {
-    ctor public BidirectionalStream();
-    method public abstract void cancel();
-    method public abstract void flush();
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.HeaderBlock getHeaders();
-    method @NonNull public abstract String getHttpMethod();
-    method public abstract int getPriority();
-    method public abstract int getTrafficStatsTag();
-    method public abstract int getTrafficStatsUid();
-    method public abstract boolean hasTrafficStatsTag();
-    method public abstract boolean hasTrafficStatsUid();
-    method public abstract boolean isDelayRequestHeadersUntilFirstFlushEnabled();
-    method public abstract boolean isDone();
-    method public abstract void read(@NonNull java.nio.ByteBuffer);
-    method public abstract void start();
-    method public abstract void write(@NonNull java.nio.ByteBuffer, boolean);
-    field public static final int STREAM_PRIORITY_HIGHEST = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int STREAM_PRIORITY_IDLE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int STREAM_PRIORITY_LOW = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int STREAM_PRIORITY_LOWEST = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int STREAM_PRIORITY_MEDIUM = 3; // 0x3
-  }
-
-  public abstract static class BidirectionalStream.Builder {
-    ctor public BidirectionalStream.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder addHeader(@NonNull String, @NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream build();
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder setDelayRequestHeadersUntilFirstFlushEnabled(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder setHttpMethod(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder setPriority(int);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder setTrafficStatsTag(int);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder setTrafficStatsUid(int);
-  }
-
-  public static interface BidirectionalStream.Callback {
-    method public void onCanceled(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream, @Nullable android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo);
-    method public void onFailed(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream, @Nullable android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo, @NonNull android.net.http.HttpException);
-    method public void onReadCompleted(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo, @NonNull java.nio.ByteBuffer, boolean);
-    method public void onResponseHeadersReceived(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo);
-    method public void onResponseTrailersReceived(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo, @NonNull android.net.http.HeaderBlock);
-    method public void onStreamReady(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream);
-    method public void onSucceeded(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo);
-    method public void onWriteCompleted(@NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo, @NonNull java.nio.ByteBuffer, boolean);
-  }
-
-  public abstract class CallbackException extends android.net.http.HttpException {
-    ctor protected CallbackException(@Nullable String, @Nullable Throwable);
-  }
-
-  public class ConnectionMigrationOptions {
-    method public int getAllowNonDefaultNetworkUsage();
-    method public int getDefaultNetworkMigration();
-    method public int getPathDegradationMigration();
-    field public static final int MIGRATION_OPTION_DISABLED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int MIGRATION_OPTION_ENABLED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int MIGRATION_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public static final class ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder {
-    ctor public ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder setAllowNonDefaultNetworkUsage(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder setDefaultNetworkMigration(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions.Builder setPathDegradationMigration(int);
-  }
-
-  public final class DnsOptions {
-    method public int getPersistHostCache();
-    method @Nullable public java.time.Duration getPersistHostCachePeriod();
-    method public int getPreestablishConnectionsToStaleDnsResults();
-    method public int getStaleDns();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.http.DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions getStaleDnsOptions();
-    method public int getUseHttpStackDnsResolver();
-    field public static final int DNS_OPTION_DISABLED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int DNS_OPTION_ENABLED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int DNS_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public static final class DnsOptions.Builder {
-    ctor public DnsOptions.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.Builder setPersistHostCache(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.Builder setPersistHostCachePeriod(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.Builder setPreestablishConnectionsToStaleDnsResults(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.Builder setStaleDns(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.Builder setStaleDnsOptions(@NonNull android.net.http.DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.Builder setUseHttpStackDnsResolver(int);
-  }
-
-  public static class DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions {
-    method public int getAllowCrossNetworkUsage();
-    method @Nullable public java.time.Duration getFreshLookupTimeout();
-    method @Nullable public java.time.Duration getMaxExpiredDelay();
-    method public int getUseStaleOnNameNotResolved();
-  }
-
-  public static final class DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder {
-    ctor public DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder setAllowCrossNetworkUsage(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder setFreshLookupTimeout(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder setMaxExpiredDelay(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.DnsOptions.StaleDnsOptions.Builder setUseStaleOnNameNotResolved(int);
-  }
-
-  public abstract class HeaderBlock {
-    ctor public HeaderBlock();
-    method @NonNull public abstract java.util.List<java.util.Map.Entry<java.lang.String,java.lang.String>> getAsList();
-    method @NonNull public abstract java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.util.List<java.lang.String>> getAsMap();
-  }
-
-  public abstract class HttpEngine {
-    method public void bindToNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method @NonNull public abstract java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory createUrlStreamHandlerFactory();
-    method @NonNull public static String getVersionString();
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Builder newBidirectionalStreamBuilder(@NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.http.BidirectionalStream.Callback);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder newUrlRequestBuilder(@NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest.Callback);
-    method @NonNull public abstract java.net.URLConnection openConnection(@NonNull java.net.URL) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public abstract void shutdown();
-  }
-
-  public static class HttpEngine.Builder {
-    ctor public HttpEngine.Builder(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder addPublicKeyPins(@NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.Set<byte[]>, boolean, @NonNull java.time.Instant);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder addQuicHint(@NonNull String, int, int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine build();
-    method @NonNull public String getDefaultUserAgent();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setConnectionMigrationOptions(@NonNull android.net.http.ConnectionMigrationOptions);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setDnsOptions(@NonNull android.net.http.DnsOptions);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setEnableBrotli(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setEnableHttp2(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setEnableHttpCache(int, long);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setEnablePublicKeyPinningBypassForLocalTrustAnchors(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setEnableQuic(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setQuicOptions(@NonNull android.net.http.QuicOptions);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setStoragePath(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.HttpEngine.Builder setUserAgent(@NonNull String);
-    field public static final int HTTP_CACHE_DISABLED = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int HTTP_CACHE_DISK = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int HTTP_CACHE_DISK_NO_HTTP = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int HTTP_CACHE_IN_MEMORY = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public class HttpException extends java.io.IOException {
-    ctor public HttpException(@Nullable String, @Nullable Throwable);
-  }
-
-  public final class InlineExecutionProhibitedException extends java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException {
-    ctor public InlineExecutionProhibitedException();
-  }
-
-  public abstract class NetworkException extends android.net.http.HttpException {
-    ctor public NetworkException(@Nullable String, @Nullable Throwable);
-    method public abstract int getErrorCode();
-    method public abstract boolean isImmediatelyRetryable();
-    field public static final int ERROR_ADDRESS_UNREACHABLE = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int ERROR_CONNECTION_CLOSED = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int ERROR_CONNECTION_REFUSED = 7; // 0x7
-    field public static final int ERROR_CONNECTION_RESET = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int ERROR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int ERROR_HOSTNAME_NOT_RESOLVED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int ERROR_INTERNET_DISCONNECTED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int ERROR_NETWORK_CHANGED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int ERROR_OTHER = 11; // 0xb
-    field public static final int ERROR_QUIC_PROTOCOL_FAILED = 10; // 0xa
-    field public static final int ERROR_TIMED_OUT = 4; // 0x4
-  }
-
-  public abstract class QuicException extends android.net.http.NetworkException {
-    ctor protected QuicException(@Nullable String, @Nullable Throwable);
-  }
-
-  public class QuicOptions {
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getAllowedQuicHosts();
-    method @Nullable public String getHandshakeUserAgent();
-    method @Nullable public java.time.Duration getIdleConnectionTimeout();
-    method public int getInMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize();
-    method public boolean hasInMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize();
-  }
-
-  public static final class QuicOptions.Builder {
-    ctor public QuicOptions.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.QuicOptions.Builder addAllowedQuicHost(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.QuicOptions build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.QuicOptions.Builder setHandshakeUserAgent(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.QuicOptions.Builder setIdleConnectionTimeout(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.http.QuicOptions.Builder setInMemoryServerConfigsCacheSize(int);
-  }
-
-  public abstract class UploadDataProvider implements java.io.Closeable {
-    ctor public UploadDataProvider();
-    method public void close() throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public abstract long getLength() throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public abstract void read(@NonNull android.net.http.UploadDataSink, @NonNull java.nio.ByteBuffer) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public abstract void rewind(@NonNull android.net.http.UploadDataSink) throws java.io.IOException;
-  }
-
-  public abstract class UploadDataSink {
-    ctor public UploadDataSink();
-    method public abstract void onReadError(@NonNull Exception);
-    method public abstract void onReadSucceeded(boolean);
-    method public abstract void onRewindError(@NonNull Exception);
-    method public abstract void onRewindSucceeded();
-  }
-
-  public abstract class UrlRequest {
-    method public abstract void cancel();
-    method public abstract void followRedirect();
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.HeaderBlock getHeaders();
-    method @Nullable public abstract String getHttpMethod();
-    method public abstract int getPriority();
-    method public abstract void getStatus(@NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest.StatusListener);
-    method public abstract int getTrafficStatsTag();
-    method public abstract int getTrafficStatsUid();
-    method public abstract boolean hasTrafficStatsTag();
-    method public abstract boolean hasTrafficStatsUid();
-    method public abstract boolean isCacheDisabled();
-    method public abstract boolean isDirectExecutorAllowed();
-    method public abstract boolean isDone();
-    method public abstract void read(@NonNull java.nio.ByteBuffer);
-    method public abstract void start();
-    field public static final int REQUEST_PRIORITY_HIGHEST = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int REQUEST_PRIORITY_IDLE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int REQUEST_PRIORITY_LOW = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int REQUEST_PRIORITY_LOWEST = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int REQUEST_PRIORITY_MEDIUM = 3; // 0x3
-  }
-
-  public abstract static class UrlRequest.Builder {
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder addHeader(@NonNull String, @NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder bindToNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest build();
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder setCacheDisabled(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder setDirectExecutorAllowed(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder setHttpMethod(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder setPriority(int);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder setTrafficStatsTag(int);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder setTrafficStatsUid(int);
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.UrlRequest.Builder setUploadDataProvider(@NonNull android.net.http.UploadDataProvider, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor);
-  }
-
-  public static interface UrlRequest.Callback {
-    method public void onCanceled(@NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest, @Nullable android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo);
-    method public void onFailed(@NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest, @Nullable android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo, @NonNull android.net.http.HttpException);
-    method public void onReadCompleted(@NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo, @NonNull java.nio.ByteBuffer) throws java.lang.Exception;
-    method public void onRedirectReceived(@NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo, @NonNull String) throws java.lang.Exception;
-    method public void onResponseStarted(@NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo) throws java.lang.Exception;
-    method public void onSucceeded(@NonNull android.net.http.UrlRequest, @NonNull android.net.http.UrlResponseInfo);
-  }
-
-  public static class UrlRequest.Status {
-    field public static final int CONNECTING = 10; // 0xa
-    field public static final int DOWNLOADING_PAC_FILE = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int ESTABLISHING_PROXY_TUNNEL = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int IDLE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int INVALID = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int READING_RESPONSE = 14; // 0xe
-    field public static final int RESOLVING_HOST = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int RESOLVING_HOST_IN_PAC_FILE = 7; // 0x7
-    field public static final int RESOLVING_PROXY_FOR_URL = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int SENDING_REQUEST = 12; // 0xc
-    field public static final int SSL_HANDSHAKE = 11; // 0xb
-    field public static final int WAITING_FOR_AVAILABLE_SOCKET = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int WAITING_FOR_CACHE = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int WAITING_FOR_DELEGATE = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int WAITING_FOR_RESPONSE = 13; // 0xd
-    field public static final int WAITING_FOR_STALLED_SOCKET_POOL = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public static interface UrlRequest.StatusListener {
-    method public void onStatus(int);
-  }
-
-  public abstract class UrlResponseInfo {
-    ctor public UrlResponseInfo();
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.http.HeaderBlock getHeaders();
-    method public abstract int getHttpStatusCode();
-    method @NonNull public abstract String getHttpStatusText();
-    method @NonNull public abstract String getNegotiatedProtocol();
-    method public abstract long getReceivedByteCount();
-    method @NonNull public abstract String getUrl();
-    method @NonNull public abstract java.util.List<java.lang.String> getUrlChain();
-    method public abstract boolean wasCached();
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/lint-baseline.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/lint-baseline.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f4004a..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/lint-baseline.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-// Baseline format: 1.0
-VisiblySynchronized: android.net.NetworkInfo#toString():
-    Internal locks must not be exposed (synchronizing on this or class is still
-    externally observable): method android.net.NetworkInfo.toString()
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 193bd92..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.net {
-
-  public final class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer {
-    method public static void registerServiceWrappers();
-  }
-
-  public class ConnectivityManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void factoryReset();
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot> getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy();
-    method @NonNull public static android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getIpSecNetIdRange();
-    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public android.net.LinkProperties getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, int, @NonNull String);
-    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, int, @NonNull String);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(int, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS}) public void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void replaceFirewallChain(int, @NonNull int[]);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void requestBackgroundNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
-    method @Deprecated public boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int, java.net.InetAddress);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptPartialConnectivity(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAvoidUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setFirewallChainEnabled(int, boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference>, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setUidFirewallRule(int, int, int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setVpnDefaultForUids(@NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void simulateDataStall(int, long, @NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network);
-    method public void systemReady();
-    field public static final String ACTION_CLEAR_DNS_CACHE = "android.net.action.CLEAR_DNS_CACHE";
-    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION = "android.net.action.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
-    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = "android.net.action.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
-    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = "android.net.action.PROMPT_UNVALIDATED";
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED = 262144; // 0x40000
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER = 65536; // 0x10000
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK = -65536; // 0xffff0000
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED = 131072; // 0x20000
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 16; // 0x10
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 32; // 0x20
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NONE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1 = 7; // 0x7
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2 = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3 = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_DENY = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_BLOCKING = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK = 2; // 0x2
-  }
-
-  public static class ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
-    method public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, int);
-  }
-
-  public class ConnectivitySettingsManager {
-    method public static void clearGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @Nullable public static String getCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static int getCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
-    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method @NonNull public static android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public static int getDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
-    method @Nullable public static android.net.ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static long getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public static boolean getMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
-    method @NonNull public static java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getMobileDataPreferredUids(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static int getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @Nullable public static String getNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static int getNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
-    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method @NonNull public static String getPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @Nullable public static String getPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static int getPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method @NonNull public static java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static boolean getWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
-    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public static void setCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull android.content.Context, @Nullable String);
-    method public static void setCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
-    method public static void setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public static void setDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>);
-    method public static void setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public static void setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0, to=100) int);
-    method public static void setGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.net.ProxyInfo);
-    method public static void setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=-1L, to=4294967295L) long);
-    method public static void setMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public static void setMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
-    method public static void setMobileDataPreferredUids(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
-    method public static void setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
-    method public static void setNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull String);
-    method public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0) int);
-    method public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public static void setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull int);
-    method public static void setPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull android.content.Context, @Nullable String);
-    method public static void setPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
-    method public static void setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
-    method public static void setWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
-    method public static void setWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME = 3; // 0x3
-  }
-
-  public final class DhcpOption implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public DhcpOption(byte, @Nullable byte[]);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public byte getType();
-    method @Nullable public byte[] getValue();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.DhcpOption> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkAgentConfig implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
-    method public boolean isBypassableVpn();
-    method public boolean isVpnValidationRequired();
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkAgentConfig.Builder {
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setBypassableVpn(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setSubscriberId(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setVpnRequiresValidation(boolean);
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getAllowedUids();
-    method @Nullable public java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>> getUids();
-    method public boolean hasForbiddenCapability(int);
-    field public static final long REDACT_ALL = -1L; // 0xffffffffffffffffL
-    field public static final long REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 1L; // 0x1L
-    field public static final long REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS = 2L; // 0x2L
-    field public static final long REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS = 4L; // 0x4L
-    field public static final long REDACT_NONE = 0L; // 0x0L
-    field public static final int TRANSPORT_TEST = 7; // 0x7
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkCapabilities.Builder {
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setAllowedUids(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setUids(@Nullable java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @NonNull public int[] getEnterpriseIds();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getForbiddenCapabilities();
-    method public boolean hasEnterpriseId(int);
-    method public boolean hasForbiddenCapability(int);
-  }
-
-  public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder addForbiddenCapability(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeForbiddenCapability(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setUids(@Nullable java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
-  }
-
-  public final class ProfileNetworkPreference implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getExcludedUids();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getIncludedUids();
-    method public int getPreference();
-    method public int getPreferenceEnterpriseId();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder {
-    ctor public ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setExcludedUids(@NonNull int[]);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setIncludedUids(@NonNull int[]);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setPreference(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setPreferenceEnterpriseId(int);
-  }
-
-  public final class TestNetworkInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public TestNetworkInterface(@NonNull android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor, @NonNull String);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor getFileDescriptor();
-    method @NonNull public String getInterfaceName();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.MacAddress getMacAddress();
-    method public int getMtu();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TestNetworkInterface> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public class TestNetworkManager {
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public android.net.TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface();
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public android.net.TestNetworkInterface createTunInterface(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.LinkAddress>);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public void setupTestNetwork(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.os.IBinder);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public void teardownTestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.Network);
-    field public static final String TEST_TAP_PREFIX = "testtap";
-  }
-
-  public final class TestNetworkSpecifier extends android.net.NetworkSpecifier implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public TestNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull String);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public interface TransportInfo {
-    method public default long getApplicableRedactions();
-    method @NonNull public default android.net.TransportInfo makeCopy(long);
-  }
-
-  public final class VpnTransportInfo implements android.os.Parcelable android.net.TransportInfo {
-    ctor @Deprecated public VpnTransportInfo(int, @Nullable String);
-    method @Nullable public String getSessionId();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.VpnTransportInfo makeCopy(long);
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/module-lib-removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/removed.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 303a1e6..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.net {
-
-  public class ConnectivityManager {
-    method @Deprecated public boolean requestRouteToHost(int, int);
-    method @Deprecated public int startUsingNetworkFeature(int, String);
-    method @Deprecated public int stopUsingNetworkFeature(int, String);
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e812024..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/system-current.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,546 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
-package android.net {
-
-  public class CaptivePortal implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @Deprecated public void logEvent(int, @NonNull String);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void reevaluateNetwork();
-    method public void useNetwork();
-    field public static final int APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED = 100; // 0x64
-    field public static final int APP_RETURN_DISMISSED = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int APP_RETURN_UNWANTED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS = 2; // 0x2
-  }
-
-  public final class CaptivePortalData implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public long getByteLimit();
-    method public long getExpiryTimeMillis();
-    method public long getRefreshTimeMillis();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.Uri getUserPortalUrl();
-    method public int getUserPortalUrlSource();
-    method @Nullable public CharSequence getVenueFriendlyName();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.Uri getVenueInfoUrl();
-    method public int getVenueInfoUrlSource();
-    method public boolean isCaptive();
-    method public boolean isSessionExtendable();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT = 1; // 0x1
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.CaptivePortalData> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static class CaptivePortalData.Builder {
-    ctor public CaptivePortalData.Builder();
-    ctor public CaptivePortalData.Builder(@Nullable android.net.CaptivePortalData);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setBytesRemaining(long);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setCaptive(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setExpiryTime(long);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setRefreshTime(long);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setSessionExtendable(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setUserPortalUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setUserPortalUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri, int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setVenueFriendlyName(@Nullable CharSequence);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setVenueInfoUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setVenueInfoUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri, int);
-  }
-
-  public class ConnectivityManager {
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD) public android.net.SocketKeepalive createNattKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD) public android.net.SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull java.net.Socket, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS) public String getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public boolean isTetheringSupported();
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY}) public int registerNetworkProvider(@NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider);
-    method public void registerQosCallback(@NonNull android.net.QosSocketInfo, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.QosCallback);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, int, int, @NonNull android.os.Handler, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAirplaneMode(boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE) public void setOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.net.OemNetworkPreferences, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public boolean shouldAvoidBadWifi();
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.Bundle);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void startTethering(int, boolean, android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void startTethering(int, boolean, android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback, android.os.Handler);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void stopTethering(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY}) public void unregisterNetworkProvider(@NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider);
-    method public void unregisterQosCallback(@NonNull android.net.QosCallback);
-    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback);
-    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC";
-    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT";
-    field public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN = 13; // 0xd
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
-    field public static final int TYPE_NONE = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_PROXY = 16; // 0x10
-    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_WIFI_P2P = 13; // 0xd
-  }
-
-  @Deprecated public abstract static class ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback {
-    ctor @Deprecated public ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback();
-    method @Deprecated public void onTetheringFailed();
-    method @Deprecated public void onTetheringStarted();
-  }
-
-  @Deprecated public static interface ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener {
-    method @Deprecated public void onTetheringEntitlementResult(int);
-  }
-
-  @Deprecated public abstract static class ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback {
-    ctor @Deprecated public ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback();
-    method @Deprecated public void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable android.net.Network);
-  }
-
-  public final class DscpPolicy implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getDestinationAddress();
-    method @Nullable public android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getDestinationPortRange();
-    method public int getDscpValue();
-    method public int getPolicyId();
-    method public int getProtocol();
-    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getSourceAddress();
-    method public int getSourcePort();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.DscpPolicy> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int PROTOCOL_ANY = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int SOURCE_PORT_ANY = -1; // 0xffffffff
-  }
-
-  public static final class DscpPolicy.Builder {
-    ctor public DscpPolicy.Builder(int, int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setDestinationAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setDestinationPortRange(@NonNull android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setProtocol(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setSourceAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setSourcePort(int);
-  }
-
-  public final class InvalidPacketException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public InvalidPacketException(int);
-    method public int getError();
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21; // 0xffffffeb
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23; // 0xffffffe9
-    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22; // 0xffffffea
-  }
-
-  public final class IpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public IpConfiguration();
-    ctor public IpConfiguration(@NonNull android.net.IpConfiguration);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment getIpAssignment();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings getProxySettings();
-    method public void setHttpProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
-    method public void setIpAssignment(@NonNull android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment);
-    method public void setProxySettings(@NonNull android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings);
-    method public void setStaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.StaticIpConfiguration);
-  }
-
-  public enum IpConfiguration.IpAssignment {
-    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment DHCP;
-    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment STATIC;
-    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment UNASSIGNED;
-  }
-
-  public enum IpConfiguration.ProxySettings {
-    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings NONE;
-    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings PAC;
-    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings STATIC;
-    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings UNASSIGNED;
-  }
-
-  public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public IpPrefix(@NonNull String);
-  }
-
-  public class KeepalivePacketData {
-    ctor protected KeepalivePacketData(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=65535) int, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=65535) int, @NonNull byte[]) throws android.net.InvalidPacketException;
-    method @NonNull public java.net.InetAddress getDstAddress();
-    method public int getDstPort();
-    method @NonNull public byte[] getPacket();
-    method @NonNull public java.net.InetAddress getSrcAddress();
-    method public int getSrcPort();
-  }
-
-  public class LinkAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int, int, int);
-    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int, int, int, long, long);
-    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int);
-    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull String);
-    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull String, int, int);
-    method public long getDeprecationTime();
-    method public long getExpirationTime();
-    method public boolean isGlobalPreferred();
-    method public boolean isIpv4();
-    method public boolean isIpv6();
-    method public boolean isSameAddressAs(@Nullable android.net.LinkAddress);
-    field public static final long LIFETIME_PERMANENT = 9223372036854775807L; // 0x7fffffffffffffffL
-    field public static final long LIFETIME_UNKNOWN = -1L; // 0xffffffffffffffffL
-  }
-
-  public final class LinkProperties implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public LinkProperties(@Nullable android.net.LinkProperties);
-    ctor public LinkProperties(@Nullable android.net.LinkProperties, boolean);
-    method public boolean addDnsServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method public boolean addLinkAddress(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
-    method public boolean addPcscfServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getAddresses();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getAllInterfaceNames();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.LinkAddress> getAllLinkAddresses();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.RouteInfo> getAllRoutes();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.Uri getCaptivePortalApiUrl();
-    method @Nullable public android.net.CaptivePortalData getCaptivePortalData();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getPcscfServers();
-    method @Nullable public String getTcpBufferSizes();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getValidatedPrivateDnsServers();
-    method public boolean hasGlobalIpv6Address();
-    method public boolean hasIpv4Address();
-    method public boolean hasIpv4DefaultRoute();
-    method public boolean hasIpv4DnsServer();
-    method public boolean hasIpv6DefaultRoute();
-    method public boolean hasIpv6DnsServer();
-    method public boolean isIpv4Provisioned();
-    method public boolean isIpv6Provisioned();
-    method public boolean isProvisioned();
-    method public boolean isReachable(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method public boolean removeDnsServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method public boolean removeLinkAddress(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
-    method public boolean removeRoute(@NonNull android.net.RouteInfo);
-    method public void setCaptivePortalApiUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri);
-    method public void setCaptivePortalData(@Nullable android.net.CaptivePortalData);
-    method public void setPcscfServers(@NonNull java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
-    method public void setPrivateDnsServerName(@Nullable String);
-    method public void setTcpBufferSizes(@Nullable String);
-    method public void setUsePrivateDns(boolean);
-    method public void setValidatedPrivateDnsServers(@NonNull java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
-  }
-
-  public final class NattKeepalivePacketData extends android.net.KeepalivePacketData implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public NattKeepalivePacketData(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull byte[]) throws android.net.InvalidPacketException;
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NattKeepalivePacketData> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public class Network implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public Network(@NonNull android.net.Network);
-    method public int getNetId();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy();
-  }
-
-  public abstract class NetworkAgent {
-    ctor public NetworkAgent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.os.Looper, @NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, int, @NonNull android.net.NetworkAgentConfig, @Nullable android.net.NetworkProvider);
-    ctor public NetworkAgent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.os.Looper, @NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @NonNull android.net.NetworkScore, @NonNull android.net.NetworkAgentConfig, @Nullable android.net.NetworkProvider);
-    method @Nullable public android.net.Network getNetwork();
-    method public void markConnected();
-    method public void onAddKeepalivePacketFilter(int, @NonNull android.net.KeepalivePacketData);
-    method public void onAutomaticReconnectDisabled();
-    method public void onBandwidthUpdateRequested();
-    method public void onDscpPolicyStatusUpdated(int, int);
-    method public void onNetworkCreated();
-    method public void onNetworkDestroyed();
-    method public void onNetworkUnwanted();
-    method public void onQosCallbackRegistered(int, @NonNull android.net.QosFilter);
-    method public void onQosCallbackUnregistered(int);
-    method public void onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(int);
-    method public void onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(boolean);
-    method public void onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(@NonNull int[]);
-    method public void onStartSocketKeepalive(int, @NonNull java.time.Duration, @NonNull android.net.KeepalivePacketData);
-    method public void onStopSocketKeepalive(int);
-    method public void onValidationStatus(int, @Nullable android.net.Uri);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.Network register();
-    method public void sendAddDscpPolicy(@NonNull android.net.DscpPolicy);
-    method public void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
-    method public void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-    method public void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore);
-    method public void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from=0, to=99) int);
-    method public final void sendQosCallbackError(int, int);
-    method public final void sendQosSessionAvailable(int, int, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
-    method public final void sendQosSessionLost(int, int, int);
-    method public void sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies();
-    method public void sendRemoveDscpPolicy(int);
-    method public final void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int, int);
-    method @Deprecated public void setLegacySubtype(int, @NonNull String);
-    method public void setLingerDuration(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
-    method public void setTeardownDelayMillis(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
-    method public void setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
-    method public void unregister();
-    method public void unregisterAfterReplacement(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
-    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID = 1; // 0x1
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkAgentConfig implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getLegacyType();
-    method @NonNull public String getLegacyTypeName();
-    method public boolean isExplicitlySelected();
-    method public boolean isPartialConnectivityAcceptable();
-    method public boolean isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkAgentConfig> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkAgentConfig.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkAgentConfig.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setExplicitlySelected(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyExtraInfo(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacySubType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacySubTypeName(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyTypeName(@NonNull String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setNat64DetectionEnabled(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setProvisioningNotificationEnabled(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(boolean);
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @NonNull public int[] getAdministratorUids();
-    method @Nullable public static String getCapabilityCarrierName(int);
-    method @Nullable public String getSsid();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getSubscriptionIds();
-    method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
-    method @Nullable public java.util.List<android.net.Network> getUnderlyingNetworks();
-    method public boolean isPrivateDnsBroken();
-    method public boolean satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31; // 0x1f
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED = 28; // 0x1c
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID = 22; // 0x16
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE = 26; // 0x1a
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 24; // 0x18
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL = 27; // 0x1b
-    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM = 30; // 0x1e
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkCapabilities.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
-    ctor public NetworkCapabilities.Builder(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addCapability(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addEnterpriseId(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addTransportType(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeCapability(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeEnterpriseId(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeTransportType(int);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setAdministratorUids(@NonNull int[]);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(@Nullable android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setOwnerUid(int);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setRequestorPackageName(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setRequestorUid(int);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSignalStrength(int);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSsid(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setTransportInfo(@Nullable android.net.TransportInfo);
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
-    method @NonNull public static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder withoutDefaultCapabilities();
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkProvider {
-    ctor public NetworkProvider(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.os.Looper, @NonNull String);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public void declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
-    method public int getProviderId();
-    method public void onNetworkRequestWithdrawn(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
-    method public void onNetworkRequested(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @IntRange(from=0, to=99) int, int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public void registerNetworkOffer(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public void unregisterNetworkOffer(@NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback);
-    field public static final int ID_NONE = -1; // 0xffffffff
-  }
-
-  public static interface NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback {
-    method public void onNetworkNeeded(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
-    method public void onNetworkUnneeded(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkReleasedException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public NetworkReleasedException();
-  }
-
-  public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @Nullable public String getRequestorPackageName();
-    method public int getRequestorUid();
-  }
-
-  public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
-    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP) public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSignalStrength(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
-  }
-
-  public final class NetworkScore implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getKeepConnectedReason();
-    method public int getLegacyInt();
-    method public boolean isExiting();
-    method public boolean isTransportPrimary();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkScore> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public static final class NetworkScore.Builder {
-    ctor public NetworkScore.Builder();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setExiting(boolean);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setKeepConnectedReason(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setLegacyInt(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setTransportPrimary(boolean);
-  }
-
-  public final class OemNetworkPreferences implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Integer> getNetworkPreferences();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.OemNetworkPreferences> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public static final class OemNetworkPreferences.Builder {
-    ctor public OemNetworkPreferences.Builder();
-    ctor public OemNetworkPreferences.Builder(@NonNull android.net.OemNetworkPreferences);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.Builder addNetworkPreference(@NonNull String, int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.OemNetworkPreferences build();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.Builder clearNetworkPreference(@NonNull String);
-  }
-
-  public abstract class QosCallback {
-    ctor public QosCallback();
-    method public void onError(@NonNull android.net.QosCallbackException);
-    method public void onQosSessionAvailable(@NonNull android.net.QosSession, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
-    method public void onQosSessionLost(@NonNull android.net.QosSession);
-  }
-
-  public static class QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {
-  }
-
-  public final class QosCallbackException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public QosCallbackException(@NonNull String);
-    ctor public QosCallbackException(@NonNull Throwable);
-  }
-
-  public abstract class QosFilter {
-    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.Network getNetwork();
-    method public abstract boolean matchesLocalAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, int);
-    method public boolean matchesProtocol(int);
-    method public abstract boolean matchesRemoteAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, int);
-  }
-
-  public final class QosSession implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public QosSession(int, int);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getSessionId();
-    method public int getSessionType();
-    method public long getUniqueId();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.QosSession> CREATOR;
-    field public static final int TYPE_EPS_BEARER = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TYPE_NR_BEARER = 2; // 0x2
-  }
-
-  public interface QosSessionAttributes {
-  }
-
-  public final class QosSocketInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public QosSocketInfo(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.io.IOException;
-    ctor public QosSocketInfo(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.io.IOException;
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public java.net.InetSocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress();
-    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
-    method @Nullable public java.net.InetSocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.QosSocketInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class RouteInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public RouteInfo(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix, @Nullable java.net.InetAddress, @Nullable String, int);
-    ctor public RouteInfo(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix, @Nullable java.net.InetAddress, @Nullable String, int, int);
-    method public int getMtu();
-  }
-
-  public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
-    method public final void start(@IntRange(from=0xa, to=0xe10) int, int, @Nullable android.net.Network);
-    field public static final int ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT = -33; // 0xffffffdf
-    field public static final int FLAG_AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
-  }
-
-  public class SocketLocalAddressChangedException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public SocketLocalAddressChangedException();
-  }
-
-  public class SocketNotBoundException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public SocketNotBoundException();
-  }
-
-  public class SocketNotConnectedException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public SocketNotConnectedException();
-  }
-
-  public class SocketRemoteAddressChangedException extends java.lang.Exception {
-    ctor public SocketRemoteAddressChangedException();
-  }
-
-  public final class StaticIpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public StaticIpConfiguration();
-    ctor public StaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.StaticIpConfiguration);
-    method public void addDnsServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
-    method public void clear();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.RouteInfo> getRoutes(@Nullable String);
-  }
-
-  public final class TcpKeepalivePacketData extends android.net.KeepalivePacketData implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public TcpKeepalivePacketData(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull byte[], int, int, int, int, int, int) throws android.net.InvalidPacketException;
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getIpTos();
-    method public int getIpTtl();
-    method public int getTcpAck();
-    method public int getTcpSeq();
-    method public int getTcpWindow();
-    method public int getTcpWindowScale();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketData> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-  public final class VpnTransportInfo implements android.os.Parcelable android.net.TransportInfo {
-    ctor public VpnTransportInfo(int, @Nullable String, boolean, boolean);
-    method public boolean areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive();
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public int getType();
-    method public boolean isBypassable();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.VpnTransportInfo> CREATOR;
-  }
-
-}
-
-package android.net.apf {
-
-  public final class ApfCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public ApfCapabilities(int, int, int);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method public static boolean getApfDrop8023Frames();
-    method @NonNull public static int[] getApfEtherTypeBlackList();
-    method public boolean hasDataAccess();
-    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.apf.ApfCapabilities> CREATOR;
-    field public final int apfPacketFormat;
-    field public final int apfVersionSupported;
-    field public final int maximumApfProgramSize;
-  }
-
-}
-
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/system-lint-baseline.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/system-lint-baseline.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a97707..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/system-lint-baseline.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Baseline format: 1.0
diff --git a/framework/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt b/framework/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d802177..0000000
--- a/framework/udc-extended-api/system-removed.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/nearby/README.md b/nearby/README.md
index 8451882..8dac61c 100644
--- a/nearby/README.md
+++ b/nearby/README.md
@@ -47,12 +47,29 @@
 ## Build and Install
 
 ```sh
-$ source build/envsetup.sh && lunch <TARGET>
-$ m com.google.android.tethering.next deapexer
-$ $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP/out/host/linux-x86/bin/deapexer decompress --input \
-    ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/system/apex/com.google.android.tethering.next.capex \
-    --output /tmp/tethering.apex
-$ adb install -r /tmp/tethering.apex
+For master on AOSP (Android) host
+$ source build/envsetup.sh
+$ lunch aosp_oriole-trunk_staging-userdebug
+$ m com.android.tethering
+$ $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP/out/host/linux-x86/bin/deapexer decompress --input $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/apex/com.android.tethering.capex --output /tmp/tethering.apex
+$ adb install /tmp/tethering.apex
+$ adb reboot
+
+NOTE: Developers should use AOSP by default, udc-mainline-prod should not be used unless for Google internal features.
+For udc-mainline-prod on Google internal host
+Build unbundled module using banchan
+$ source build/envsetup.sh
+$ banchan com.google.android.tethering mainline_modules_arm64
+$ m apps_only dist
+$ adb install out/dist/com.google.android.tethering.apex
+$ adb reboot
+Ensure that the module you are installing is compatible with the module currently preloaded on the phone (in /system/apex/com.google.android.tethering.apex). Compatible means:
+
+1. Same package name
+2. Same keys used to sign the apex and the payload
+3. Higher version
+
+See go/mainline-local-build#build-install-local-module for more information
 ```
 
 ## Build and Install from tm-mainline-prod branch
@@ -63,7 +80,7 @@
 This is because the device is flashed with AOSP built from master or other branches, which has
 prebuilt APEX with higher version. We can use root access to replace the prebuilt APEX with the APEX
 built from tm-mainline-prod as below.
-1. adb root && adb remount; adb shell mount -orw,remount /system/apex
+1. adb root && adb remount -R
 2. cp tethering.next.apex com.google.android.tethering.apex
 3. adb push  com.google.android.tethering.apex  /system/apex/
 4. adb reboot
diff --git a/nearby/apex/Android.bp b/nearby/apex/Android.bp
index d7f063a..5fdf5c9 100644
--- a/nearby/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/apex/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/nearby/framework/Android.bp b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
index 4bb9efd..4be102c 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "framework-annotations-lib",
         "framework-bluetooth",
+        "framework-location.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "modules-utils-preconditions",
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/BroadcastRequest.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/BroadcastRequest.java
index 90f4d0f..6d6357d 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/BroadcastRequest.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/BroadcastRequest.java
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @IntDef({MEDIUM_BLE})
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     public @interface Medium {}
 
     /**
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java
index 10c1132..8f032bf 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java
@@ -39,10 +39,15 @@
     private final int mKey;
     private final byte[] mValue;
 
-    /** @hide */
+    /**
+     * Note this interface is used for internal implementation only.
+     * We only keep those data element types used for encoding and decoding from the specs.
+     * Please read the nearby specs for learning more about each data type and use it as the only
+     * source.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     @IntDef({
-            DataType.BLE_SERVICE_DATA,
-            DataType.BLE_ADDRESS,
             DataType.SALT,
             DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY,
             DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY,
@@ -50,20 +55,17 @@
             DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY,
             DataType.TX_POWER,
             DataType.ACTION,
-            DataType.MODEL_ID,
-            DataType.EDDYSTONE_EPHEMERAL_IDENTIFIER,
             DataType.ACCOUNT_KEY_DATA,
             DataType.CONNECTION_STATUS,
             DataType.BATTERY,
+            DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO,
+            DataType.BLE_SERVICE_DATA,
+            DataType.BLE_ADDRESS,
             DataType.SCAN_MODE,
             DataType.TEST_DE_BEGIN,
             DataType.TEST_DE_END
     })
     public @interface DataType {
-        int BLE_SERVICE_DATA = 100;
-        int BLE_ADDRESS = 101;
-        // This is to indicate if the scan is offload only
-        int SCAN_MODE = 102;
         int SALT = 0;
         int PRIVATE_IDENTITY = 1;
         int TRUSTED_IDENTITY = 2;
@@ -71,11 +73,19 @@
         int PROVISIONED_IDENTITY = 4;
         int TX_POWER = 5;
         int ACTION = 6;
-        int MODEL_ID = 7;
-        int EDDYSTONE_EPHEMERAL_IDENTIFIER = 8;
         int ACCOUNT_KEY_DATA = 9;
         int CONNECTION_STATUS = 10;
         int BATTERY = 11;
+
+        int ENCRYPTION_INFO = 16;
+
+        // Not defined in the spec. Reserved for internal use only.
+        int BLE_SERVICE_DATA = 100;
+        int BLE_ADDRESS = 101;
+        // This is to indicate if the scan is offload only
+        int SCAN_MODE = 102;
+
+        int DEVICE_TYPE = 22;
         // Reserves test DE ranges from {@link DataElement.DataType#TEST_DE_BEGIN}
         // to {@link DataElement.DataType#TEST_DE_END}, inclusive.
         // Reserves 128 Test DEs.
@@ -84,27 +94,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static boolean isValidType(int type) {
-        return type == DataType.BLE_SERVICE_DATA
-                || type == DataType.ACCOUNT_KEY_DATA
-                || type == DataType.BLE_ADDRESS
-                || type == DataType.SCAN_MODE
-                || type == DataType.SALT
-                || type == DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.TX_POWER
-                || type == DataType.ACTION
-                || type == DataType.MODEL_ID
-                || type == DataType.EDDYSTONE_EPHEMERAL_IDENTIFIER
-                || type == DataType.CONNECTION_STATUS
-                || type == DataType.BATTERY;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * @return {@code true} if this is identity type.
      * @hide
      */
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/INearbyManager.aidl b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/INearbyManager.aidl
index 7af271e..21ae0ac 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/INearbyManager.aidl
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/INearbyManager.aidl
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
 import android.nearby.BroadcastRequestParcelable;
 import android.nearby.ScanRequest;
+import android.nearby.PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId;
 import android.nearby.aidl.IOffloadCallback;
 
 /**
@@ -40,4 +41,10 @@
     void stopBroadcast(in IBroadcastListener callback, String packageName, @nullable String attributionTag);
 
     void queryOffloadCapability(in IOffloadCallback callback) ;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    void setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(in List<PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId> eids);
+
+    void setPoweredOffModeEnabled(boolean enabled);
+
+    boolean getPoweredOffModeEnabled();
+}
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyDevice.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyDevice.java
index e8fcc28..e7db0c5 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyDevice.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyDevice.java
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -149,6 +151,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @IntDef({Medium.BLE, Medium.BLUETOOTH})
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     public @interface Medium {
         int BLE = 1;
         int BLUETOOTH = 2;
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
index a70b303..cae653d 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -25,16 +26,22 @@
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.SystemService;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.location.LocationManager;
 import android.nearby.aidl.IOffloadCallback;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
@@ -63,6 +70,7 @@
             ScanStatus.SUCCESS,
             ScanStatus.ERROR,
     })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     public @interface ScanStatus {
         // The undetermined status, some modules may be initializing. Retry is suggested.
         int UNKNOWN = 0;
@@ -72,8 +80,51 @@
         int ERROR = 2;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Return value of {@link #getPoweredOffFindingMode()} when this powered off finding is not
+     * supported the device.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding")
+    public static final int POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Return value of {@link #getPoweredOffFindingMode()} and argument of {@link
+     * #setPoweredOffFindingMode(int)} when powered off finding is supported but disabled. The
+     * device will not start to advertise when powered off.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding")
+    public static final int POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Return value of {@link #getPoweredOffFindingMode()} and argument of {@link
+     * #setPoweredOffFindingMode(int)} when powered off finding is enabled. The device will start to
+     * advertise when powered off.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding")
+    public static final int POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Powered off finding modes.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @IntDef(
+            prefix = {"POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE"},
+            value = {
+                    POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED,
+                    POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED,
+                    POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED,
+            })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface PoweredOffFindingMode {}
+
     private static final String TAG = "NearbyManager";
 
+    private static final int POWERED_OFF_FINDING_EID_LENGTH = 20;
+
+    private static final String POWER_OFF_FINDING_SUPPORTED_PROPERTY =
+            "ro.bluetooth.finder.supported";
+
     /**
      * TODO(b/286137024): Remove this when CTS R5 is rolled out.
      * Whether allows Fast Pair to scan.
@@ -281,6 +332,8 @@
      */
     public void queryOffloadCapability(@NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
             @NonNull Consumer<OffloadCapability> callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
         try {
             mService.queryOffloadCapability(new OffloadTransport(executor, callback));
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -451,4 +504,124 @@
                 "successfully %s Fast Pair scan", enable ? "enables" : "disables"));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Sets the precomputed EIDs for advertising when the phone is powered off. The Bluetooth
+     * controller will store these EIDs in its memory, and will start advertising them in Find My
+     * Device network EID frames when powered off, only if the powered off finding mode was
+     * previously enabled by calling {@link #setPoweredOffFindingMode(int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>The EIDs are cryptographic ephemeral identifiers that change periodically, based on the
+     * Android clock at the time of the shutdown. They are used as the public part of asymmetric key
+     * pairs. Members of the Find My Device network can use them to encrypt the location of where
+     * they sight the advertising device. Only someone in possession of the private key (the device
+     * owner or someone that the device owner shared the key with) can decrypt this encrypted
+     * location.
+     *
+     * <p>Android will typically call this method during the shutdown process. Even after the
+     * method was called, it is still possible to call {#link setPoweredOffFindingMode() to disable
+     * the advertisement, for example to temporarily disable it for a single shutdown.
+     *
+     * <p>If called more than once, the EIDs of the most recent call overrides the EIDs from any
+     * previous call.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the length of one of the EIDs is not 20 bytes
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding")
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(@NonNull List<byte[]> eids) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(eids);
+        if (!isPoweredOffFindingSupported()) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Powered off finding is not supported on this device");
+        }
+        List<PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId> ephemeralIdList = eids.stream().map(
+                eid -> {
+                    Preconditions.checkArgument(eid.length == POWERED_OFF_FINDING_EID_LENGTH);
+                    PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId ephemeralId = new PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId();
+                    ephemeralId.bytes = eid;
+                    return ephemeralId;
+                }).toList();
+        try {
+            mService.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(ephemeralIdList);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns the powered off finding on or off. Power off finding will operate only if this method
+     * was called at least once since boot, and the value of the argument {@code
+     * poweredOffFindinMode} was {@link #POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED} the last time the method
+     * was called.
+     *
+     * <p>When an Android device with the powered off finding feature is turned off (either as part
+     * of a normal shutdown or due to dead battery), its Bluetooth chip starts to advertise Find My
+     * Device network EID frames with the EID payload that were provided by the last call to {@link
+     * #setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(List)}. These EIDs can be sighted by other Android devices
+     * in BLE range that are part of the Find My Device network. The Android sighters use the EID to
+     * encrypt the location of the Android device and upload it to the server, in a way that only
+     * the owner of the advertising device, or people that the owner shared their encryption key
+     * with, can decrypt the location.
+     *
+     * @param poweredOffFindingMode {@link #POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED} or {@link
+     * #POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED}
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if called with {@link #POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED} when
+     * Bluetooth or location services are disabled
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding")
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void setPoweredOffFindingMode(@PoweredOffFindingMode int poweredOffFindingMode) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                poweredOffFindingMode == POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED
+                        || poweredOffFindingMode == POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED,
+                "invalid poweredOffFindingMode");
+        if (!isPoweredOffFindingSupported()) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Powered off finding is not supported on this device");
+        }
+        if (poweredOffFindingMode == POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED) {
+            Preconditions.checkState(areLocationAndBluetoothEnabled(),
+                    "Location services and Bluetooth must be on");
+        }
+        try {
+            mService.setPoweredOffModeEnabled(
+                    poweredOffFindingMode == POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the state of the powered off finding feature.
+     *
+     * <p>{@link #POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED} if the feature is not supported by the
+     * device, {@link #POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED} if this was the last value set by {@link
+     * #setPoweredOffFindingMode(int)} or if no value was set since boot, {@link
+     * #POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED} if this was the last value set by {@link
+     * #setPoweredOffFindingMode(int)}
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi("com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding")
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED)
+    public @PoweredOffFindingMode int getPoweredOffFindingMode() {
+        if (!isPoweredOffFindingSupported()) {
+            return POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+        try {
+            return mService.getPoweredOffModeEnabled()
+                    ? POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED : POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPoweredOffFindingSupported() {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(SystemProperties.get(POWER_OFF_FINDING_SUPPORTED_PROPERTY));
+    }
+
+    private boolean areLocationAndBluetoothEnabled() {
+        return mContext.getSystemService(BluetoothManager.class).getAdapter().isEnabled()
+                && mContext.getSystemService(LocationManager.class).isLocationEnabled();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId.aidl
similarity index 61%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
copy to nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId.aidl
index 4306c99..9f4bfef 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2024, The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -14,10 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.nearby;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
+/**
+ * Find My Device network ephemeral ID for powered off finding.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId {
+    byte[20] bytes;
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/Android.bp b/nearby/service/Android.bp
index 4630902..749113d 100644
--- a/nearby/service/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/service/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@
     srcs: [":nearby-service-srcs"],
 
     defaults: [
-        "framework-system-server-module-defaults"
+        "framework-system-server-module-defaults",
     ],
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.core_core",
+        "android.hardware.bluetooth.finder-V1-java",
         "guava",
         "libprotobuf-java-lite",
         "modules-utils-build",
@@ -66,13 +68,16 @@
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
 
 genrule {
     name: "statslog-nearby-java-gen",
     tools: ["stats-log-api-gen"],
     cmd: "$(location stats-log-api-gen) --java $(out) --module nearby " +
-         " --javaPackage com.android.server.nearby.proto --javaClass NearbyStatsLog" +
-         " --minApiLevel 33",
+        " --javaPackage com.android.server.nearby.proto --javaClass NearbyStatsLog" +
+        " --minApiLevel 33",
     out: ["com/android/server/nearby/proto/NearbyStatsLog.java"],
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfiguration.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfiguration.java
index 9b32d69..9ef905d 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfiguration.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfiguration.java
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@
     public static final String NEARBY_REFACTOR_DISCOVERY_MANAGER =
             "nearby_refactor_discovery_manager";
 
+    /**
+     * Flag to guard enable BLE during Nearby Service init time.
+     */
+    public static final String NEARBY_ENABLE_BLE_IN_INIT = "nearby_enable_ble_in_init";
+
     private static final boolean IS_USER_BUILD = "user".equals(Build.TYPE);
 
     private final DeviceConfigListener mDeviceConfigListener = new DeviceConfigListener();
@@ -67,6 +72,8 @@
     private boolean mSupportTestApp;
     @GuardedBy("mDeviceConfigLock")
     private boolean mRefactorDiscoveryManager;
+    @GuardedBy("mDeviceConfigLock")
+    private boolean mEnableBleInInit;
 
     public NearbyConfiguration() {
         mDeviceConfigListener.start();
@@ -131,6 +138,15 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if enableBLE() is called during NearbyService init time.
+     */
+    public boolean enableBleInInit() {
+        synchronized (mDeviceConfigLock) {
+            return mEnableBleInInit;
+        }
+    }
+
     private class DeviceConfigListener implements DeviceConfig.OnPropertiesChangedListener {
         public void start() {
             DeviceConfig.addOnPropertiesChangedListener(getNamespace(),
@@ -149,6 +165,8 @@
                         NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, false /* defaultValue */);
                 mRefactorDiscoveryManager = getDeviceConfigBoolean(
                         NEARBY_REFACTOR_DISCOVERY_MANAGER, false /* defaultValue */);
+                mEnableBleInInit = getDeviceConfigBoolean(
+                        NEARBY_ENABLE_BLE_IN_INIT, true /* defaultValue */);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyService.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyService.java
index 3c183ec..1575f07 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyService.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyService.java
@@ -35,12 +35,14 @@
 import android.nearby.INearbyManager;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
 import android.nearby.NearbyManager;
+import android.nearby.PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId;
 import android.nearby.ScanRequest;
 import android.nearby.aidl.IOffloadCallback;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.server.nearby.injector.Injector;
+import com.android.server.nearby.managers.BluetoothFinderManager;
 import com.android.server.nearby.managers.BroadcastProviderManager;
 import com.android.server.nearby.managers.DiscoveryManager;
 import com.android.server.nearby.managers.DiscoveryProviderManager;
@@ -50,6 +52,8 @@
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.permissions.BroadcastPermissions;
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.permissions.DiscoveryPermissions;
 
+import java.util.List;
+
 /** Service implementing nearby functionality. */
 public class NearbyService extends INearbyManager.Stub {
     public static final String TAG = "NearbyService";
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@
             };
     private final DiscoveryManager mDiscoveryProviderManager;
     private final BroadcastProviderManager mBroadcastProviderManager;
+    private final BluetoothFinderManager mBluetoothFinderManager;
 
     public NearbyService(Context context) {
         mContext = context;
@@ -90,6 +95,7 @@
                 mNearbyConfiguration.refactorDiscoveryManager()
                         ? new DiscoveryProviderManager(context, mInjector)
                         : new DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy(context, mInjector);
+        mBluetoothFinderManager = new BluetoothFinderManager();
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -148,6 +154,30 @@
         mDiscoveryProviderManager.queryOffloadCapability(callback);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(List<PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId> eids) {
+        // Permissions check
+        enforceBluetoothPrivilegedPermission(mContext);
+
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.sendEids(eids);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setPoweredOffModeEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        // Permissions check
+        enforceBluetoothPrivilegedPermission(mContext);
+
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(enabled);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean getPoweredOffModeEnabled() {
+        // Permissions check
+        enforceBluetoothPrivilegedPermission(mContext);
+
+        return mBluetoothFinderManager.getPoweredOffFinderMode();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Called by the service initializer.
      *
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManager.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..365b099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.managers;
+
+import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
+
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.hardware.bluetooth.finder.Eid;
+import android.hardware.bluetooth.finder.IBluetoothFinder;
+import android.nearby.PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceManager;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Connects to {@link IBluetoothFinder} HAL and invokes its API. */
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+public class BluetoothFinderManager {
+
+    private static final String HAL_INSTANCE_NAME = IBluetoothFinder.DESCRIPTOR + "/default";
+
+    private IBluetoothFinder mBluetoothFinder;
+    private IBinder.DeathRecipient mServiceDeathRecipient;
+    private final Object mLock = new Object();
+
+    private boolean initBluetoothFinderHal() {
+        final String methodStr = "initBluetoothFinderHal";
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) return false;
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (mBluetoothFinder != null) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "Bluetooth Finder HAL is already initialized");
+                return true;
+            }
+            try {
+                mBluetoothFinder = getServiceMockable();
+                if (mBluetoothFinder == null) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain IBluetoothFinder");
+                    return false;
+                }
+                Log.i(TAG, "Obtained IBluetoothFinder. Local ver: " + IBluetoothFinder.VERSION
+                        + ", Remote ver: " + mBluetoothFinder.getInterfaceVersion());
+
+                IBinder serviceBinder = getServiceBinderMockable();
+                if (serviceBinder == null) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain the service binder for IBluetoothFinder");
+                    return false;
+                }
+                mServiceDeathRecipient = new BluetoothFinderDeathRecipient();
+                serviceBinder.linkToDeath(mServiceDeathRecipient, /* flags= */ 0);
+
+                Log.i(TAG, "Bluetooth Finder HAL initialization was successful");
+                return true;
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                handleRemoteException(e, methodStr);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, methodStr + " encountered an exception: "  + e);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected IBluetoothFinder getServiceMockable() {
+        return IBluetoothFinder.Stub.asInterface(
+                ServiceManager.waitForDeclaredService(HAL_INSTANCE_NAME));
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected IBinder getServiceBinderMockable() {
+        return mBluetoothFinder.asBinder();
+    }
+
+    private class BluetoothFinderDeathRecipient implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            Log.e(TAG, "BluetoothFinder service died.");
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                mBluetoothFinder = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** See comments for {@link IBluetoothFinder#sendEids(Eid[])} */
+    public void sendEids(List<PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId> eids) {
+        final String methodStr = "sendEids";
+        if (!checkHalAndLogFailure(methodStr)) return;
+        Eid[] eidArray = eids.stream().map(
+                ephmeralId -> {
+                    Eid eid = new Eid();
+                    eid.bytes = ephmeralId.bytes;
+                    return eid;
+                }).toArray(Eid[]::new);
+        try {
+            mBluetoothFinder.sendEids(eidArray);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            handleRemoteException(e, methodStr);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            handleServiceSpecificException(e, methodStr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** See comments for {@link IBluetoothFinder#setPoweredOffFinderMode(boolean)} */
+    public void setPoweredOffFinderMode(boolean enable) {
+        final String methodStr = "setPoweredOffMode";
+        if (!checkHalAndLogFailure(methodStr)) return;
+        try {
+            mBluetoothFinder.setPoweredOffFinderMode(enable);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            handleRemoteException(e, methodStr);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            handleServiceSpecificException(e, methodStr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** See comments for {@link IBluetoothFinder#getPoweredOffFinderMode()} */
+    public boolean getPoweredOffFinderMode() {
+        final String methodStr = "getPoweredOffMode";
+        if (!checkHalAndLogFailure(methodStr)) return false;
+        try {
+            return mBluetoothFinder.getPoweredOffFinderMode();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            handleRemoteException(e, methodStr);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            handleServiceSpecificException(e, methodStr);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkHalAndLogFailure(String methodStr) {
+        if ((mBluetoothFinder == null) && !initBluetoothFinderHal()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to call " + methodStr + " because IBluetoothFinder is null.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void handleRemoteException(RemoteException e, String methodStr) {
+        mBluetoothFinder = null;
+        Log.e(TAG, methodStr + " failed with remote exception: " + e);
+    }
+
+    private void handleServiceSpecificException(ServiceSpecificException e, String methodStr) {
+        Log.e(TAG, methodStr + " failed with service-specific exception: " + e);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java
index 024bff8..28a33fa 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest;
 import android.nearby.IBroadcastListener;
 import android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest;
+import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
@@ -49,6 +50,10 @@
     private final NearbyConfiguration mNearbyConfiguration;
 
     private IBroadcastListener mBroadcastListener;
+    // Used with mBroadcastListener. Now we only support single client, for multi clients, a map
+    // between live binder to the information over the binder is needed.
+    // TODO: Finish multi-client logic for broadcast.
+    private BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient mDeathRecipient;
 
     public BroadcastProviderManager(Context context, Injector injector) {
         this(ForegroundThread.getExecutor(),
@@ -62,6 +67,7 @@
         mLock = new Object();
         mNearbyConfiguration = new NearbyConfiguration();
         mBroadcastListener = null;
+        mDeathRecipient = null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -70,6 +76,15 @@
     public void startBroadcast(BroadcastRequest broadcastRequest, IBroadcastListener listener) {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                if (listener == null) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (mBroadcastListener != null) {
+                    Log.i(TAG, "We do not support multi clients yet,"
+                            + " please stop previous broadcast first.");
+                    reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
+                    return;
+                }
                 if (!mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()) {
                     NearbyConfiguration configuration = new NearbyConfiguration();
                     if (!configuration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()) {
@@ -89,7 +104,17 @@
                     reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
                     return;
                 }
+                BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient deathRecipient =
+                        new BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient(listener);
+                try {
+                    listener.asBinder().linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // This binder has already died, so call the DeathRecipient as if we had
+                    // called linkToDeath in time.
+                    deathRecipient.binderDied();
+                }
                 mBroadcastListener = listener;
+                mDeathRecipient = deathRecipient;
                 mBleBroadcastProvider.start(presenceBroadcastRequest.getVersion(),
                         advertisement.toBytes(), this);
             });
@@ -113,13 +138,19 @@
      */
     public void stopBroadcast(IBroadcastListener listener) {
         synchronized (mLock) {
-            if (!mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()
-                    && !mNearbyConfiguration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()) {
-                reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
-                return;
+            if (listener != null) {
+                if (!mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()
+                        && !mNearbyConfiguration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()) {
+                    reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (mDeathRecipient != null) {
+                    listener.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
+                }
             }
             mBroadcastListener = null;
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> mBleBroadcastProvider.stop());
+            mDeathRecipient = null;
+            mExecutor.execute(mBleBroadcastProvider::stop);
         }
     }
 
@@ -142,4 +173,21 @@
             Log.e(TAG, "remote exception when reporting status");
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Class to make listener unregister after the binder is dead.
+     */
+    public class BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        public IBroadcastListener mListener;
+
+        BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient(IBroadcastListener listener) {
+            mListener = listener;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Binder is dead - stop broadcast listener");
+            stopBroadcast(mListener);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java
index 0c41426..8995232 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration;
 import com.android.server.nearby.injector.Injector;
 import com.android.server.nearby.managers.registration.DiscoveryRegistration;
 import com.android.server.nearby.provider.AbstractDiscoveryProvider;
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@
     private final BleDiscoveryProvider mBleDiscoveryProvider;
     private final Injector mInjector;
     private final Executor mExecutor;
+    private final NearbyConfiguration mNearbyConfiguration;
 
     public DiscoveryProviderManager(Context context, Injector injector) {
         Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager: ");
@@ -75,6 +78,7 @@
         mChreDiscoveryProvider = new ChreDiscoveryProvider(mContext,
                 new ChreCommunication(injector, mContext, mExecutor), mExecutor);
         mInjector = injector;
+        mNearbyConfiguration = new NearbyConfiguration();
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -86,6 +90,7 @@
         mInjector = injector;
         mBleDiscoveryProvider = bleDiscoveryProvider;
         mChreDiscoveryProvider = chreDiscoveryProvider;
+        mNearbyConfiguration = new NearbyConfiguration();
     }
 
     private static boolean isChreOnly(Set<ScanFilter> scanFilters) {
@@ -141,6 +146,10 @@
 
     /** Called after boot completed. */
     public void init() {
+        // Register BLE only scan when Bluetooth is turned off
+        if (mNearbyConfiguration.enableBleInInit()) {
+            setBleScanEnabled();
+        }
         if (mInjector.getContextHubManager() != null) {
             mChreDiscoveryProvider.init();
         }
@@ -242,7 +251,7 @@
     @GuardedBy("mMultiplexerLock")
     private void startBleProvider(Set<ScanFilter> scanFilters) {
         if (!mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().isStarted()) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager starts Ble scanning.");
+            Log.d(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager starts BLE scanning.");
             mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().setListener(this);
             mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().setProviderScanMode(mMerged.getScanMode());
             mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().setProviderScanFilters(
@@ -313,4 +322,29 @@
     public void onMergedRegistrationsUpdated() {
         invalidateProviderScanMode();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers Nearby service to Ble scan if Bluetooth is off. (Even when Bluetooth is off)
+     * @return {@code true} when Nearby currently can scan through Bluetooth or Ble or successfully
+     * registers Nearby service to Ble scan when Blutooth is off.
+     */
+    public boolean setBleScanEnabled() {
+        BluetoothAdapter adapter = mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter();
+        if (adapter == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter is null.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (adapter.isEnabled() || adapter.isLeEnabled()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Ble always on scan is disabled.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.enableBLE()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to register Ble scan.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java
index 4b76eba..3ef8fb7 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration;
 import com.android.server.nearby.injector.Injector;
 import com.android.server.nearby.metrics.NearbyMetrics;
 import com.android.server.nearby.presence.PresenceDiscoveryResult;
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@
     private final Context mContext;
     private final BleDiscoveryProvider mBleDiscoveryProvider;
     private final Injector mInjector;
+    private final NearbyConfiguration mNearbyConfiguration;
     @ScanRequest.ScanMode
     private int mScanMode;
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@
                         mContext, new ChreCommunication(injector, mContext, executor), executor);
         mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap = new HashMap<>();
         mInjector = injector;
+        mNearbyConfiguration = new NearbyConfiguration();
         Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy: ");
     }
 
@@ -96,6 +100,7 @@
         mBleDiscoveryProvider = bleDiscoveryProvider;
         mChreDiscoveryProvider = chreDiscoveryProvider;
         mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap = scanTypeScanListenerRecordMap;
+        mNearbyConfiguration = new NearbyConfiguration();
     }
 
     private static boolean isChreOnly(List<ScanFilter> scanFilters) {
@@ -142,18 +147,18 @@
             for (IBinder listenerBinder : mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap.keySet()) {
                 ScanListenerRecord record = mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap.get(listenerBinder);
                 if (record == null) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager cannot find the scan record.");
+                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy cannot find the scan record.");
                     continue;
                 }
                 CallerIdentity callerIdentity = record.getCallerIdentity();
                 if (!DiscoveryPermissions.noteDiscoveryResultDelivery(
                         appOpsManager, callerIdentity)) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "[DiscoveryProviderManager] scan permission revoked "
+                    Log.w(TAG, "[DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy] scan permission revoked "
                             + "- not forwarding results");
                     try {
                         record.getScanListener().onError(ScanCallback.ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
                     } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                        Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager failed to report error.", e);
+                        Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy failed to report error.", e);
                     }
                     return;
                 }
@@ -180,7 +185,7 @@
                     NearbyMetrics.logScanDeviceDiscovered(
                             record.hashCode(), record.getScanRequest(), nearbyDevice);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager failed to report onDiscovered.", e);
+                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy failed to report onDiscovered.", e);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -193,18 +198,18 @@
             for (IBinder listenerBinder : mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap.keySet()) {
                 ScanListenerRecord record = mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap.get(listenerBinder);
                 if (record == null) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager cannot find the scan record.");
+                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy cannot find the scan record.");
                     continue;
                 }
                 CallerIdentity callerIdentity = record.getCallerIdentity();
                 if (!DiscoveryPermissions.noteDiscoveryResultDelivery(
                         appOpsManager, callerIdentity)) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "[DiscoveryProviderManager] scan permission revoked "
+                    Log.w(TAG, "[DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy] scan permission revoked "
                             + "- not forwarding results");
                     try {
                         record.getScanListener().onError(ScanCallback.ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
                     } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                        Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager failed to report error.", e);
+                        Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy failed to report error.", e);
                     }
                     return;
                 }
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@
                 try {
                     record.getScanListener().onError(errorCode);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager failed to report onError.", e);
+                    Log.w(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy failed to report onError.", e);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -220,6 +225,10 @@
 
     /** Called after boot completed. */
     public void init() {
+        // Register BLE only scan when Bluetooth is turned off
+        if (mNearbyConfiguration.enableBleInInit()) {
+            setBleScanEnabled();
+        }
         if (mInjector.getContextHubManager() != null) {
             mChreDiscoveryProvider.init();
         }
@@ -293,10 +302,10 @@
             if (listenerBinder != null && deathRecipient != null) {
                 listenerBinder.unlinkToDeath(removedRecord.getDeathRecipient(), 0);
             }
-            Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager unregistered scan listener.");
+            Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy unregistered scan listener.");
             NearbyMetrics.logScanStopped(removedRecord.hashCode(), removedRecord.getScanRequest());
             if (mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap.isEmpty()) {
-                Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager stops provider because there is no "
+                Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy stops provider because there is no "
                         + "scan listener registered.");
                 stopProviders();
                 return;
@@ -306,8 +315,8 @@
 
             // Removes current highest scan mode requested and sets the next highest scan mode.
             if (removedRecord.getScanRequest().getScanMode() == mScanMode) {
-                Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager starts to find the new highest scan mode "
-                        + "because the highest scan mode listener was unregistered.");
+                Log.v(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy starts to find the new highest "
+                        + "scan mode because the highest scan mode listener was unregistered.");
                 @ScanRequest.ScanMode int highestScanModeRequested = ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_NO_POWER;
                 // find the next highest scan mode;
                 for (ScanListenerRecord record : mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap.values()) {
@@ -377,7 +386,7 @@
 
     private void startBleProvider(List<ScanFilter> scanFilters) {
         if (!mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().isStarted()) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager starts Ble scanning.");
+            Log.d(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy starts BLE scanning.");
             mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().setListener(this);
             mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().setProviderScanMode(mScanMode);
             mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController().setProviderScanFilters(scanFilters);
@@ -387,7 +396,7 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     void startChreProvider(List<ScanFilter> scanFilters) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManager starts CHRE scanning.");
+        Log.d(TAG, "DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy starts CHRE scanning.");
         mChreDiscoveryProvider.getController().setProviderScanFilters(scanFilters);
         mChreDiscoveryProvider.getController().setProviderScanMode(mScanMode);
         mChreDiscoveryProvider.getController().start();
@@ -503,4 +512,29 @@
             unregisterScanListener(listener);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers Nearby service to Ble scan if Bluetooth is off. (Even when Bluetooth is off)
+     * @return {@code true} when Nearby currently can scan through Bluetooth or Ble or successfully
+     * registers Nearby service to Ble scan when Blutooth is off.
+     */
+    public boolean setBleScanEnabled() {
+        BluetoothAdapter adapter = mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter();
+        if (adapter == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter is null.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (adapter.isEnabled() || adapter.isLeEnabled()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Ble always on scan is disabled.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.enableBLE()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to register Ble scan.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfo.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac1e18f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.nearby.DataElement;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Data Element that indicates the presence of extended 16 bytes salt instead of 2 byte salt and to
+ * indicate which encoding scheme (MIC tag or Signature) is used for a section. If present, it must
+ * be the first DE in a section.
+ */
+public class EncryptionInfo {
+
+    @IntDef({EncodingScheme.MIC, EncodingScheme.SIGNATURE})
+    public @interface EncodingScheme {
+        int MIC = 0;
+        int SIGNATURE = 1;
+    }
+
+    // 1st byte : encryption scheme
+    // 2nd to 17th bytes: salt
+    public static final int ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH = 17;
+    private static final int ENCODING_SCHEME_MASK = 0b01111000;
+    private static final int ENCODING_SCHEME_OFFSET = 3;
+    @EncodingScheme
+    private final int mEncodingScheme;
+    private final byte[] mSalt;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@link DataElement}.
+     */
+    public EncryptionInfo(@NonNull byte[] value) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(value.length == ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH);
+        mEncodingScheme = (value[0] & ENCODING_SCHEME_MASK) >> ENCODING_SCHEME_OFFSET;
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(isValidEncodingScheme(mEncodingScheme));
+        mSalt = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, 1, ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isValidEncodingScheme(int scheme) {
+        return scheme == EncodingScheme.MIC || scheme == EncodingScheme.SIGNATURE;
+    }
+
+    @EncodingScheme
+    public int getEncodingScheme() {
+        return mEncodingScheme;
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getSalt() {
+        return mSalt;
+    }
+
+    /** Combines the encoding scheme and salt to a byte array
+     * that represents an {@link EncryptionInfo}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] toByte(@EncodingScheme int encodingScheme, byte[] salt) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(salt)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (salt.length != ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH - 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte schemeByte =
+                (byte) ((encodingScheme << ENCODING_SCHEME_OFFSET) & ENCODING_SCHEME_MASK);
+        return ArrayUtils.append(schemeByte, salt);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java
index 34a7514..c2304cc 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java
@@ -16,22 +16,27 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
 
+import static android.nearby.BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1;
+
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
+import static com.android.server.nearby.presence.EncryptionInfo.ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH;
+import static com.android.server.nearby.presence.PresenceConstants.PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES;
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest;
+import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest.BroadcastVersion;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
+import android.nearby.DataElement.DataType;
 import android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest;
 import android.nearby.PresenceCredential;
 import android.nearby.PublicCredential;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.Cryptor;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpFake;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpIdentityV1;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpV1;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorMicImp;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -51,37 +56,51 @@
  * The header contains:
  * version (3 bits) | 5 bit reserved for future use (RFU)
  */
-public class ExtendedAdvertisement extends Advertisement{
+public class ExtendedAdvertisement extends Advertisement {
 
     public static final int SALT_DATA_LENGTH = 2;
-
     static final int HEADER_LENGTH = 1;
 
     static final int IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH = 16;
-
+    // Identity Index is always 2 .
+    // 0 is reserved, 1 is Salt or Credential Element.
+    private static final int CIPHER_START_INDEX = 2;
     private final List<DataElement> mDataElements;
+    private final byte[] mKeySeed;
 
-    private final byte[] mAuthenticityKey;
+    private final byte[] mData;
 
-    // All Data Elements including salt and identity.
-    // Each list item (byte array) is a Data Element (with its header).
-    private final List<byte[]> mCompleteDataElementsBytes;
-    // Signature generated from data elements.
-    private final byte[] mHmacTag;
+    private ExtendedAdvertisement(
+            @PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType,
+            byte[] identity,
+            byte[] salt,
+            byte[] keySeed,
+            List<Integer> actions,
+            List<DataElement> dataElements) {
+        this.mVersion = PRESENCE_VERSION_V1;
+        this.mIdentityType = identityType;
+        this.mIdentity = identity;
+        this.mSalt = salt;
+        this.mKeySeed = keySeed;
+        this.mDataElements = dataElements;
+        this.mActions = actions;
+        mData = toBytesInternal();
+    }
 
     /**
      * Creates an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} from a Presence Broadcast Request.
+     *
      * @return {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object. {@code null} when the request is illegal.
      */
     @Nullable
     public static ExtendedAdvertisement createFromRequest(PresenceBroadcastRequest request) {
-        if (request.getVersion() != BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
+        if (request.getVersion() != PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
             Log.v(TAG, "ExtendedAdvertisement only supports V1 now.");
             return null;
         }
 
         byte[] salt = request.getSalt();
-        if (salt.length != SALT_DATA_LENGTH) {
+        if (salt.length != SALT_DATA_LENGTH && salt.length != ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH - 1) {
             Log.v(TAG, "Salt does not match correct length");
             return null;
         }
@@ -94,12 +113,12 @@
         }
 
         List<Integer> actions = request.getActions();
-        if (actions.isEmpty()) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "ExtendedAdvertisement must contain at least one action");
-            return null;
-        }
-
         List<DataElement> dataElements = request.getExtendedProperties();
+        // DataElements should include actions.
+        for (int action : actions) {
+            dataElements.add(
+                    new DataElement(DataType.ACTION, new byte[]{(byte) action}));
+        }
         return new ExtendedAdvertisement(
                 request.getCredential().getIdentityType(),
                 identity,
@@ -109,149 +128,252 @@
                 dataElements);
     }
 
-    /** Serialize an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object into bytes with {@link DataElement}s */
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] toBytes() {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(getLength());
-
-        // Header
-        buffer.put(ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.constructHeader(getVersion()));
-
-        // Salt
-        buffer.put(mCompleteDataElementsBytes.get(0));
-
-        // Identity
-        buffer.put(mCompleteDataElementsBytes.get(1));
-
-        List<Byte> rawDataBytes = new ArrayList<>();
-        // Data Elements (Already includes salt and identity)
-        for (int i = 2; i < mCompleteDataElementsBytes.size(); i++) {
-            byte[] dataElementBytes = mCompleteDataElementsBytes.get(i);
-            for (Byte b : dataElementBytes) {
-                rawDataBytes.add(b);
-            }
-        }
-
-        byte[] dataElements = new byte[rawDataBytes.size()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < rawDataBytes.size(); i++) {
-            dataElements[i] = rawDataBytes.get(i);
-        }
-
-        buffer.put(
-                getCryptor(/* encrypt= */ true).encrypt(dataElements, getSalt(), mAuthenticityKey));
-
-        buffer.put(mHmacTag);
-
-        return buffer.array();
-    }
-
-    /** Deserialize from bytes into an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object.
-     * {@code null} when there is something when parsing.
+    /**
+     * Deserialize from bytes into an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object.
+     * Return {@code null} when there is an error in parsing.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public static ExtendedAdvertisement fromBytes(byte[] bytes, PublicCredential publicCredential) {
-        @BroadcastRequest.BroadcastVersion
+    public static ExtendedAdvertisement fromBytes(byte[] bytes, PublicCredential sharedCredential) {
+        @BroadcastVersion
         int version = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getVersion(bytes);
-        if (version != PresenceBroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
+        if (version != PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
             Log.v(TAG, "ExtendedAdvertisement is used in V1 only and version is " + version);
             return null;
         }
 
-        byte[] authenticityKey = publicCredential.getAuthenticityKey();
-
-        int index = HEADER_LENGTH;
-        // Salt
-        byte[] saltHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
-        DataElementHeader saltHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, saltHeaderArray);
-        if (saltHeader == null || saltHeader.getDataType() != DataElement.DataType.SALT) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "First data element has to be salt.");
+        byte[] keySeed = sharedCredential.getAuthenticityKey();
+        byte[] metadataEncryptionKeyUnsignedAdvTag = sharedCredential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag();
+        if (keySeed == null || metadataEncryptionKeyUnsignedAdvTag == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        index += saltHeaderArray.length;
-        byte[] salt = new byte[saltHeader.getDataLength()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < saltHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
-            salt[i] = bytes[index++];
-        }
 
-        // Identity
+        int index = 0;
+        // Header
+        byte[] header = new byte[]{bytes[index]};
+        index += HEADER_LENGTH;
+        // Section header
+        byte[] sectionHeader = new byte[]{bytes[index]};
+        index += HEADER_LENGTH;
+        // Salt or Encryption Info
+        byte[] firstHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
+        DataElementHeader firstHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, firstHeaderArray);
+        if (firstHeader == null) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Cannot find salt.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        @DataType int firstType = firstHeader.getDataType();
+        if (firstType != DataType.SALT && firstType != DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "First data element has to be Salt or Encryption Info.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        index += firstHeaderArray.length;
+        byte[] firstDeBytes = new byte[firstHeader.getDataLength()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < firstHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
+            firstDeBytes[i] = bytes[index++];
+        }
+        byte[] nonce = getNonce(firstType, firstDeBytes);
+        if (nonce == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte[] saltBytes = firstType == DataType.SALT
+                ? firstDeBytes : (new EncryptionInfo(firstDeBytes)).getSalt();
+
+        // Identity header
         byte[] identityHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
         DataElementHeader identityHeader =
                 DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, identityHeaderArray);
-        if (identityHeader == null) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "The second element has to be identity.");
+        if (identityHeader == null || identityHeader.getDataLength() != IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "The second element has to be a 16-bytes identity.");
             return null;
         }
         index += identityHeaderArray.length;
         @PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType =
                 toPresenceCredentialIdentityType(identityHeader.getDataType());
-        if (identityType == PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "The identity type is unknown.");
+        if (identityType != PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE
+                && identityType != PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Only supports encrypted advertisement.");
             return null;
         }
-        byte[] encryptedIdentity = new byte[identityHeader.getDataLength()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < identityHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
-            encryptedIdentity[i] = bytes[index++];
-        }
-        byte[] identity =
-                CryptorImpIdentityV1
-                        .getInstance().decrypt(encryptedIdentity, salt, authenticityKey);
-
-        Cryptor cryptor = getCryptor(/* encrypt= */ true);
-        byte[] encryptedDataElements =
-                new byte[bytes.length - index - cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
-        // Decrypt other data elements
-        System.arraycopy(bytes, index, encryptedDataElements, 0, encryptedDataElements.length);
-        byte[] decryptedDataElements =
-                cryptor.decrypt(encryptedDataElements, salt, authenticityKey);
-        if (decryptedDataElements == null) {
+        // Ciphertext
+        Cryptor cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] ciphertext = new byte[bytes.length - index - cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
+        System.arraycopy(bytes, index, ciphertext, 0, ciphertext.length);
+        byte[] plaintext = cryptor.decrypt(ciphertext, nonce, keySeed);
+        if (plaintext == null) {
             return null;
         }
 
+        // Verification
+        // Verify the computed metadata encryption key tag
+        // First 16 bytes is metadata encryption key data
+        byte[] metadataEncryptionKey = new byte[IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH];
+        System.arraycopy(plaintext, 0, metadataEncryptionKey, 0, IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH);
+        // Verify metadata encryption key tag
+        byte[] computedMetadataEncryptionKeyTag =
+                CryptorMicImp.generateMetadataEncryptionKeyTag(metadataEncryptionKey,
+                        keySeed);
+        if (!Arrays.equals(computedMetadataEncryptionKeyTag, metadataEncryptionKeyUnsignedAdvTag)) {
+            Log.w(TAG,
+                    "The calculated metadata encryption key tag is different from the metadata "
+                            + "encryption key unsigned adv tag in the SharedCredential.");
+            return null;
+        }
         // Verify the computed HMAC tag is equal to HMAC tag in advertisement
-        if (cryptor.getSignatureLength() > 0) {
-            byte[] expectedHmacTag = new byte[cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
-            System.arraycopy(
-                    bytes, bytes.length - cryptor.getSignatureLength(),
-                    expectedHmacTag, 0, cryptor.getSignatureLength());
-            if (!cryptor.verify(decryptedDataElements, authenticityKey, expectedHmacTag)) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "HMAC tags not match.");
-                return null;
-            }
+        byte[] expectedHmacTag = new byte[cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
+        System.arraycopy(
+                bytes, bytes.length - cryptor.getSignatureLength(),
+                expectedHmacTag, 0, cryptor.getSignatureLength());
+        byte[] micInput =  ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(
+                PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES, header, sectionHeader,
+                firstHeaderArray, firstDeBytes,
+                nonce, identityHeaderArray, ciphertext);
+        if (!cryptor.verify(micInput, keySeed, expectedHmacTag)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "HMAC tag not match.");
+            return null;
         }
 
-        int dataElementArrayIndex = 0;
-        // Other Data Elements
-        List<Integer> actions = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<DataElement> dataElements = new ArrayList<>();
-        while (dataElementArrayIndex < decryptedDataElements.length) {
-            byte[] deHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils
-                    .getDataElementHeader(decryptedDataElements, dataElementArrayIndex);
-            DataElementHeader deHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, deHeaderArray);
-            dataElementArrayIndex += deHeaderArray.length;
+        byte[] otherDataElements = new byte[plaintext.length - IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH];
+        System.arraycopy(plaintext, IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH,
+                otherDataElements, 0, otherDataElements.length);
+        List<DataElement> dataElements = getDataElementsFromBytes(version, otherDataElements);
+        if (dataElements.isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        List<Integer> actions = getActionsFromDataElements(dataElements);
+        if (actions == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new ExtendedAdvertisement(identityType, metadataEncryptionKey, saltBytes, keySeed,
+                actions, dataElements);
+    }
 
-            @DataElement.DataType int type = Objects.requireNonNull(deHeader).getDataType();
-            if (type == DataElement.DataType.ACTION) {
-                if (deHeader.getDataLength() != 1) {
-                    Log.v(TAG, "Action id should only 1 byte.");
+    @PresenceCredential.IdentityType
+    private static int toPresenceCredentialIdentityType(@DataType int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
+            case DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED;
+            case DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED;
+            case DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY:
+            default:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @DataType
+    private static int toDataType(@PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType) {
+        switch (identityType) {
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE:
+                return DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY;
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED:
+                return DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY;
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED:
+                return DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY;
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
+            default:
+                return DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the given {@link DataType} is salt, or one of the
+     * identities. Identities should be able to convert to {@link PresenceCredential.IdentityType}s.
+     */
+    private static boolean isSaltOrIdentity(@DataType int type) {
+        return type == DataType.SALT || type == DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO
+                || type == DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY
+                || type == DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY
+                || type == DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY
+                || type == DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
+    }
+
+    /** Serialize an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object into bytes with {@link DataElement}s */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] toBytes() {
+        return mData.clone();
+    }
+
+    /** Serialize an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object into bytes with {@link DataElement}s */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] toBytesInternal() {
+        int sectionLength = 0;
+        // Salt
+        DataElement saltDe;
+        byte[] nonce;
+        try {
+            switch (mSalt.length) {
+                case SALT_DATA_LENGTH:
+                    saltDe = new DataElement(DataType.SALT, mSalt);
+                    nonce = CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(mSalt);
+                    break;
+                case ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH - 1:
+                    saltDe = new DataElement(DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO,
+                            EncryptionInfo.toByte(EncryptionInfo.EncodingScheme.MIC, mSalt));
+                    nonce = CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(mSalt, CIPHER_START_INDEX);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Invalid salt size.");
                     return null;
-                }
-                actions.add((int) decryptedDataElements[dataElementArrayIndex++]);
-            } else {
-                if (isSaltOrIdentity(type)) {
-                    Log.v(TAG, "Type " + type + " is duplicated. There should be only one salt"
-                            + " and one identity in the advertisement.");
-                    return null;
-                }
-                byte[] deData = new byte[deHeader.getDataLength()];
-                for (int i = 0; i < deHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
-                    deData[i] = decryptedDataElements[dataElementArrayIndex++];
-                }
-                dataElements.add(new DataElement(type, deData));
             }
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to generate the IV for encryption.", e);
+            return null;
         }
 
-        return new ExtendedAdvertisement(identityType, identity, salt, authenticityKey, actions,
-                dataElements);
+        byte[] saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes =
+                ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(saltDe);
+        sectionLength += saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes.length;
+        // 16 bytes encrypted identity
+        @DataType int identityDataType = toDataType(getIdentityType());
+        byte[] identityHeaderBytes = new DataElementHeader(PRESENCE_VERSION_V1,
+                identityDataType, mIdentity.length).toBytes();
+        sectionLength += identityHeaderBytes.length;
+        final List<DataElement> dataElementList = getDataElements();
+        byte[] ciphertext = getCiphertext(nonce, dataElementList);
+        if (ciphertext == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        sectionLength += ciphertext.length;
+        // mic
+        sectionLength += CryptorMicImp.MIC_LENGTH;
+        mLength = sectionLength;
+        // header
+        byte header = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.constructHeader(getVersion());
+        mLength += HEADER_LENGTH;
+        // section header
+        if (sectionLength > 255) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "A section should be shorter than 255 bytes.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte sectionHeader = (byte) sectionLength;
+        mLength += HEADER_LENGTH;
+
+        // generates mic
+        ByteBuffer micInputBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(
+                mLength + PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES.length + nonce.length - CryptorMicImp.MIC_LENGTH);
+        micInputBuffer.put(PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES);
+        micInputBuffer.put(header);
+        micInputBuffer.put(sectionHeader);
+        micInputBuffer.put(saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes);
+        micInputBuffer.put(nonce);
+        micInputBuffer.put(identityHeaderBytes);
+        micInputBuffer.put(ciphertext);
+        byte[] micInput = micInputBuffer.array();
+        byte[] mic = CryptorMicImp.getInstance().sign(micInput, mKeySeed);
+        if (mic == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(mLength);
+        buffer.put(header);
+        buffer.put(sectionHeader);
+        buffer.put(saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes);
+        buffer.put(identityHeaderBytes);
+        buffer.put(ciphertext);
+        buffer.put(mic);
+        return buffer.array();
     }
 
     /** Returns the {@link DataElement}s in the advertisement. */
@@ -260,7 +382,7 @@
     }
 
     /** Returns the {@link DataElement}s in the advertisement according to the key. */
-    public List<DataElement> getDataElements(@DataElement.DataType int key) {
+    public List<DataElement> getDataElements(@DataType int key) {
         List<DataElement> res = new ArrayList<>();
         for (DataElement dataElement : mDataElements) {
             if (key == dataElement.getKey()) {
@@ -285,125 +407,86 @@
                 getActions());
     }
 
-    ExtendedAdvertisement(
-            @PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType,
-            byte[] identity,
-            byte[] salt,
-            byte[] authenticityKey,
-            List<Integer> actions,
-            List<DataElement> dataElements) {
-        this.mVersion = BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1;
-        this.mIdentityType = identityType;
-        this.mIdentity = identity;
-        this.mSalt = salt;
-        this.mAuthenticityKey = authenticityKey;
-        this.mActions = actions;
-        this.mDataElements = dataElements;
-        this.mCompleteDataElementsBytes = new ArrayList<>();
+    @Nullable
+    private byte[] getCiphertext(byte[] nonce, List<DataElement> dataElements) {
+        Cryptor cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] rawDeBytes = mIdentity;
+        for (DataElement dataElement : dataElements) {
+            rawDeBytes = ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(rawDeBytes,
+                    ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(dataElement));
+        }
+        return cryptor.encrypt(rawDeBytes, nonce, mKeySeed);
+    }
 
-        int length = HEADER_LENGTH; // header
+    private static List<DataElement> getDataElementsFromBytes(
+            @BroadcastVersion int version, byte[] bytes) {
+        List<DataElement> res = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(bytes)) {
+            return res;
+        }
+        int index = 0;
+        while (index < bytes.length) {
+            byte[] deHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils
+                    .getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
+            DataElementHeader deHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, deHeaderArray);
+            index += deHeaderArray.length;
+            @DataType int type = Objects.requireNonNull(deHeader).getDataType();
+            if (isSaltOrIdentity(type)) {
+                Log.v(TAG, "Type " + type + " is duplicated. There should be only one salt"
+                        + " and one identity in the advertisement.");
+                return new ArrayList<>();
+            }
+            byte[] deData = new byte[deHeader.getDataLength()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < deHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
+                deData[i] = bytes[index++];
+            }
+            res.add(new DataElement(type, deData));
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
 
-        // Salt
-        DataElement saltElement = new DataElement(DataElement.DataType.SALT, salt);
-        byte[] saltByteArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(saltElement);
-        mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(saltByteArray);
-        length += saltByteArray.length;
+    @Nullable
+    private static byte[] getNonce(@DataType int type, byte[] data) {
+        try {
+            if (type == DataType.SALT) {
+                if (data.length != SALT_DATA_LENGTH) {
+                    Log.v(TAG, "Salt DataElement needs to be 2 bytes.");
+                    return null;
+                }
+                return CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(data);
+            } else if (type == DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO) {
+                try {
+                    EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+                    if (info.getEncodingScheme() != EncryptionInfo.EncodingScheme.MIC) {
+                        Log.v(TAG, "Not support Signature yet.");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    return CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(info.getSalt(), CIPHER_START_INDEX);
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Salt DataElement needs to be 17 bytes.", e);
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }  catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to decrypt metadata encryption key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
 
-        // Identity
-        byte[] encryptedIdentity =
-                CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance().encrypt(identity, salt, authenticityKey);
-        DataElement identityElement = new DataElement(toDataType(identityType), encryptedIdentity);
-        byte[] identityByteArray =
-                ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(identityElement);
-        mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(identityByteArray);
-        length += identityByteArray.length;
-
-        List<Byte> dataElementBytes = new ArrayList<>();
-        // Intents
-        for (int action : mActions) {
-            DataElement actionElement = new DataElement(DataElement.DataType.ACTION,
-                    new byte[] {(byte) action});
-            byte[] intentByteArray =
-                    ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(actionElement);
-            mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(intentByteArray);
-            for (Byte b : intentByteArray) {
-                dataElementBytes.add(b);
+    @Nullable
+    private static List<Integer> getActionsFromDataElements(List<DataElement> dataElements) {
+        List<Integer> actions = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DataElement dataElement : dataElements) {
+            if (dataElement.getKey() == DataElement.DataType.ACTION) {
+                byte[] value = dataElement.getValue();
+                if (value.length != 1) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Action should be only 1 byte.");
+                    return null;
+                }
+                actions.add(Byte.toUnsignedInt(value[0]));
             }
         }
-
-        // Data Elements (Extended properties)
-        for (DataElement dataElement : mDataElements) {
-            byte[] deByteArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(dataElement);
-            mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(deByteArray);
-            for (Byte b : deByteArray) {
-                dataElementBytes.add(b);
-            }
-        }
-
-        byte[] data = new byte[dataElementBytes.size()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < dataElementBytes.size(); i++) {
-            data[i] = dataElementBytes.get(i);
-        }
-        Cryptor cryptor = getCryptor(/* encrypt= */ true);
-        byte[] encryptedDeBytes = cryptor.encrypt(data, salt, authenticityKey);
-
-        length += encryptedDeBytes.length;
-
-        // Signature
-        byte[] hmacTag = Objects.requireNonNull(cryptor.sign(data, authenticityKey));
-        mHmacTag = hmacTag;
-        length += hmacTag.length;
-
-        this.mLength = length;
-    }
-
-    @PresenceCredential.IdentityType
-    private static int toPresenceCredentialIdentityType(@DataElement.DataType int type) {
-        switch (type) {
-            case DataElement.DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
-            case DataElement.DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED;
-            case DataElement.DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED;
-            case DataElement.DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY:
-            default:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @DataElement.DataType
-    private static int toDataType(@PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType) {
-        switch (identityType) {
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE:
-                return DataElement.DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY;
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED:
-                return DataElement.DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY;
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED:
-                return DataElement.DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY;
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
-            default:
-                return DataElement.DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code true} if the given {@link DataElement.DataType} is salt, or one of the
-     * identities. Identities should be able to convert to {@link PresenceCredential.IdentityType}s.
-     */
-    private static boolean isSaltOrIdentity(@DataElement.DataType int type) {
-        return type == DataElement.DataType.SALT || type == DataElement.DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataElement.DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataElement.DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataElement.DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
-    }
-
-    private static Cryptor getCryptor(boolean encrypt) {
-        if (encrypt) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "get V1 Cryptor");
-            return CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        }
-        Log.d(TAG, "get fake Cryptor");
-        return CryptorImpFake.getInstance();
+        return actions;
     }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java
index 39bc60b..50dada2 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java
@@ -18,10 +18,14 @@
 
 import android.os.ParcelUuid;
 
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
 /**
  * Constants for Nearby Presence operations.
  */
 public class PresenceConstants {
+    /** The Presence UUID value in byte array format. */
+    public static final byte[] PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES = ArrayUtils.intToByteArray(0xFCF1);
 
     /** Presence advertisement service data uuid. */
     public static final ParcelUuid PRESENCE_UUID =
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
index 6829fba..66ae79c 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
                         case BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V0:
                             bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(getAdvertiseSettings(),
                                     advertiseData, this);
+                            Log.v(TAG, "Start to broadcast V0 advertisement.");
                             break;
                         case BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1:
                             if (adapter.isLeExtendedAdvertisingSupported()) {
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@
                                         getAdvertisingSetParameters(),
                                         advertiseData,
                                         null, null, null, mAdvertisingSetCallback);
+                                Log.v(TAG, "Start to broadcast V1 advertisement.");
                             } else {
                                 Log.w(TAG, "Failed to start advertising set because the chipset"
                                         + " does not supports LE Extended Advertising feature.");
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@
                                     + " is wrong.");
                             advertiseStarted = false;
                     }
-                } catch (NullPointerException | IllegalStateException | SecurityException e) {
+                } catch (NullPointerException | IllegalStateException | SecurityException
+                    | IllegalArgumentException e) {
                     Log.w(TAG, "Failed to start advertising.", e);
                     advertiseStarted = false;
                 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java
index 355f7cf..e4651b7 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 import com.android.server.nearby.presence.ExtendedAdvertisement;
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.ForegroundThread;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpIdentityV1;
 
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
@@ -69,15 +68,6 @@
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
     @Nullable
     private List<android.nearby.ScanFilter> mScanFilters;
-    private android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback mScanCallbackLegacy =
-            new android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback() {
-                @Override
-                public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult scanResult) {
-                }
-                @Override
-                public void onScanFailed(int errorCode) {
-                }
-            };
     private android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback mScanCallback =
             new android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback() {
                 @Override
@@ -133,10 +123,6 @@
                         .addMedium(NearbyDevice.Medium.BLE)
                         .setName(deviceName)
                         .setRssi(rssi);
-        for (int i : advertisement.getActions()) {
-            builder.addExtendedProperty(new DataElement(DataElement.DataType.ACTION,
-                    new byte[]{(byte) i}));
-        }
         for (DataElement dataElement : advertisement.getDataElements()) {
             builder.addExtendedProperty(dataElement);
         }
@@ -175,7 +161,6 @@
         if (isBleAvailable()) {
             Log.d(TAG, "BleDiscoveryProvider started");
             startScan(getScanFilters(), getScanSettings(/* legacy= */ false), mScanCallback);
-            startScan(getScanFilters(), getScanSettings(/* legacy= */ true), mScanCallbackLegacy);
             return;
         }
         Log.w(TAG, "Cannot start BleDiscoveryProvider because Ble is not available.");
@@ -192,7 +177,6 @@
         }
         Log.v(TAG, "Ble scan stopped.");
         bluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(mScanCallback);
-        bluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(mScanCallbackLegacy);
         synchronized (mLock) {
             if (mScanFilters != null) {
                 mScanFilters = null;
@@ -284,17 +268,13 @@
                         if (advertisement == null) {
                             continue;
                         }
-                        if (CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance().verify(
-                                advertisement.getIdentity(),
-                                credential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag())) {
-                            builder.setPresenceDevice(getPresenceDevice(advertisement, deviceName,
-                                    rssi));
-                            builder.setEncryptionKeyTag(credential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag());
-                            if (!ArrayUtils.isEmpty(credential.getSecretId())) {
-                                builder.setDeviceId(Arrays.hashCode(credential.getSecretId()));
-                            }
-                            return;
+                        builder.setPresenceDevice(getPresenceDevice(advertisement, deviceName,
+                                rssi));
+                        builder.setEncryptionKeyTag(credential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag());
+                        if (!ArrayUtils.isEmpty(credential.getSecretId())) {
+                            builder.setDeviceId(Arrays.hashCode(credential.getSecretId()));
                         }
+                        return;
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java
index 7ab0523..21ec252 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
 
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS;
+
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -132,7 +135,6 @@
     protected void onSetScanFilters(List<ScanFilter> filters) {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             mScanFilters = filters == null ? null : List.copyOf(filters);
-            updateFiltersLocked();
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@
             builder.setFastPairSupported(version != ChreCommunication.INVALID_NANO_APP_VERSION);
             try {
                 callback.onQueryComplete(builder.build());
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            } catch (RemoteException | NullPointerException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         });
@@ -351,7 +353,11 @@
                                             DataElement.DataType.ACTION,
                                             new byte[]{(byte) filterResult.getIntent()}));
                         }
-
+                        if (filterResult.hasTimestampNs()) {
+                            presenceDeviceBuilder
+                                    .setDiscoveryTimestampMillis(MILLISECONDS.convert(
+                                            filterResult.getTimestampNs(), NANOSECONDS));
+                        }
                         PublicCredential publicCredential =
                                 new PublicCredential.Builder(
                                         secretId,
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java
index 35251d8..e69d004 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
  * ArrayUtils class that help manipulate array.
  */
 public class ArrayUtils {
+    private static final char[] HEX_UPPERCASE = {
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
+    };
+
     /** Concatenate N arrays of bytes into a single array. */
     public static byte[] concatByteArrays(byte[]... arrays) {
         // Degenerate case - no input provided.
@@ -52,4 +56,67 @@
     public static boolean isEmpty(byte[] bytes) {
         return bytes == null || bytes.length == 0;
     }
+
+    /** Appends a byte array to a byte. */
+    public static byte[] append(byte a, byte[] b) {
+        if (b == null) {
+            return new byte[]{a};
+        }
+
+        int length = b.length;
+        byte[] result = new byte[length + 1];
+        result[0] = a;
+        System.arraycopy(b, 0, result, 1, length);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts an Integer to a 2-byte array.
+     */
+    public static byte[] intToByteArray(int value) {
+        return new byte[] {(byte) (value >> 8), (byte) value};
+    }
+
+    /** Appends a byte to a byte array. */
+    public static byte[] append(byte[] a, byte b) {
+        if (a == null) {
+            return new byte[]{b};
+        }
+
+        int length = a.length;
+        byte[] result = new byte[length + 1];
+        System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, 0, length);
+        result[length] = b;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert an hex string to a byte array. */
+
+    public static byte[] stringToBytes(String hex) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        int length = hex.length();
+        if (length % 2 != 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hex string has odd number of characters");
+        }
+        byte[] out = new byte[length / 2];
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
+            // Byte.parseByte() doesn't work here because it expects a hex value in -128, 127, and
+            // our hex values are in 0, 255.
+            out[i / 2] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /** Encodes a byte array as a hexadecimal representation of bytes. */
+    public static String bytesToStringUppercase(byte[] bytes) {
+        int length = bytes.length;
+        StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(length * 2);
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            if (i == length - 1 && (bytes[i] & 0xff) == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            out.append(HEX_UPPERCASE[(bytes[i] & 0xf0) >>> 4]);
+            out.append(HEX_UPPERCASE[bytes[i] & 0x0f]);
+        }
+        return out.toString();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java
index 3c5132d..ba9ca41 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 
@@ -30,22 +34,28 @@
 
 /** Class for encryption/decryption functionality. */
 public abstract class Cryptor {
+    /**
+     * In the form of "algorithm/mode/padding". Must be the same across broadcast and scan devices.
+     */
+    public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/CTR/NoPadding";
+
+    public static final byte[] NP_HKDF_SALT = "Google Nearby".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
 
     /** AES only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes. */
     static final int AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE = 16;
 
-    private static final String HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM = "HmacSHA256";
+    public static final String HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM = "HmacSHA256";
 
     /**
      * Encrypt the provided data blob.
      *
      * @param data data blob to be encrypted.
-     * @param salt used for IV
+     * @param iv advertisement nonce
      * @param secretKeyBytes secrete key accessed from credentials
      * @return encrypted data, {@code null} if failed to encrypt.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] salt, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
+    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] iv, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
         return data;
     }
 
@@ -53,12 +63,12 @@
      * Decrypt the original data blob from the provided byte array.
      *
      * @param encryptedData data blob to be decrypted.
-     * @param salt used for IV
+     * @param iv advertisement nonce
      * @param secretKeyBytes secrete key accessed from credentials
      * @return decrypted data, {@code null} if failed to decrypt.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] salt, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
+    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] iv, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
         return encryptedData;
     }
 
@@ -90,7 +100,7 @@
      * A HAMC sha256 based HKDF algorithm to pseudo randomly hash data and salt into a byte array of
      * given size.
      */
-    // Based on google3/third_party/tink/java/src/main/java/com/google/crypto/tink/subtle/Hkdf.java
+    // Based on crypto/tink/subtle/Hkdf.java
     @Nullable
     static byte[] computeHkdf(byte[] ikm, byte[] salt, int size) {
         Mac mac;
@@ -146,4 +156,66 @@
 
         return result;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes an HKDF.
+     *
+     * @param macAlgorithm the MAC algorithm used for computing the Hkdf. I.e., "HMACSHA1" or
+     *                     "HMACSHA256".
+     * @param ikm          the input keying material.
+     * @param salt         optional salt. A possibly non-secret random value.
+     *                     (If no salt is provided i.e. if salt has length 0)
+     *                     then an array of 0s of the same size as the hash
+     *                     digest is used as salt.
+     * @param info         optional context and application specific information.
+     * @param size         The length of the generated pseudorandom string in bytes.
+     * @throws GeneralSecurityException if the {@code macAlgorithm} is not supported or if {@code
+     *                                  size} is too large or if {@code salt} is not a valid key for
+     *                                  macAlgorithm (which should not
+     *                                  happen since HMAC allows key sizes up to 2^64).
+     */
+    public static byte[] computeHkdf(
+            String macAlgorithm, final byte[] ikm, final byte[] salt, final byte[] info, int size)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(macAlgorithm);
+        if (size > 255 * mac.getMacLength()) {
+            throw new GeneralSecurityException("size too large");
+        }
+        if (salt == null || salt.length == 0) {
+            // According to RFC 5869, Section 2.2 the salt is optional. If no salt is provided
+            // then HKDF uses a salt that is an array of zeros of the same length as the hash
+            // digest.
+            mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(new byte[mac.getMacLength()], macAlgorithm));
+        } else {
+            mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(salt, macAlgorithm));
+        }
+        byte[] prk = mac.doFinal(ikm);
+        byte[] result = new byte[size];
+        int ctr = 1;
+        int pos = 0;
+        mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(prk, macAlgorithm));
+        byte[] digest = new byte[0];
+        while (true) {
+            mac.update(digest);
+            mac.update(info);
+            mac.update((byte) ctr);
+            digest = mac.doFinal();
+            if (pos + digest.length < size) {
+                System.arraycopy(digest, 0, result, pos, digest.length);
+                pos += digest.length;
+                ctr++;
+            } else {
+                System.arraycopy(digest, 0, result, pos, size - pos);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /** Generates the HMAC bytes. */
+    public static byte[] generateHmac(String algorithm, byte[] input, byte[] key) {
+        return Hashing.hmacSha256(new SecretKeySpec(key, algorithm))
+                .hashBytes(input)
+                .asBytes();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpFake.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpFake.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c0ec9e..0000000
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpFake.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
-/**
- * A Cryptor that returns the original data without actual encryption
- */
-public class CryptorImpFake extends Cryptor {
-    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
-    @Nullable
-    private static CryptorImpFake sCryptor;
-
-    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpFake. */
-    public static CryptorImpFake getInstance() {
-        if (sCryptor == null) {
-            sCryptor = new CryptorImpFake();
-        }
-        return sCryptor;
-    }
-
-    private CryptorImpFake() {
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b0e19b4..0000000
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
-
-import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-
-import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
-import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
-import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.Cipher;
-import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
-import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
-import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
-import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
-
-/**
- * {@link android.nearby.BroadcastRequest#PRESENCE_VERSION_V1} for identity
- * encryption and decryption.
- */
-public class CryptorImpIdentityV1 extends Cryptor {
-
-    // 3 16 byte arrays known by both the encryptor and decryptor.
-    private static final byte[] EK_IV =
-            new byte[] {14, -123, -39, 42, 109, 127, 83, 27, 27, 11, 91, -38, 92, 17, -84, 66};
-    private static final byte[] ESALT_IV =
-            new byte[] {46, 83, -19, 10, -127, -31, -31, 12, 31, 76, 63, -9, 33, -66, 15, -10};
-    private static final byte[] KTAG_IV =
-            {-22, -83, -6, 67, 16, -99, -13, -9, 8, -3, -16, 37, -75, 47, 1, -56};
-
-    /** Length of encryption key required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE = 32;
-
-    /** Length of salt required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int AES_CTR_IV_SIZE = 16;
-
-    /** Length HMAC tag */
-    public static final int HMAC_TAG_SIZE = 8;
-
-    /**
-     * In the form of "algorithm/mode/padding". Must be the same across broadcast and scan devices.
-     */
-    private static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/CTR/NoPadding";
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static final String ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM = KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES;
-
-    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
-    @Nullable private static CryptorImpIdentityV1 sCryptor;
-
-    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpIdentityV1. */
-    public static CryptorImpIdentityV1 getInstance() {
-        if (sCryptor == null) {
-            sCryptor = new CryptorImpIdentityV1();
-        }
-        return sCryptor;
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, EK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Encrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] esalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ESALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (esalt == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate salt.");
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(esalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(data);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, EK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Decrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get cipher instance.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] esalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ESALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (esalt == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(esalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to decrypt bytes with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generates a digital signature for the data.
-     *
-     * @return signature {@code null} if failed to sign
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] sign(byte[] data, byte[] salt) {
-        if (data == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Not generate HMAC tag because of invalid data input.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 8 bytes HMAC tag
-        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(data, salt, HMAC_TAG_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generates a digital signature for the data.
-     * Uses KTAG_IV as salt value.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] sign(byte[] data) {
-        // Generates a 8 bytes HMAC tag
-        return sign(data, KTAG_IV);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] key, byte[] signature) {
-        return Arrays.equals(sign(data, key), signature);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies the signature generated by data and key, with the original signed data. Uses
-     * KTAG_IV as salt value.
-     */
-    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] signature) {
-        return verify(data, KTAG_IV, signature);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 15073fb..0000000
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
-
-import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-
-import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
-import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
-import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.Cipher;
-import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
-import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
-import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
-import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
-
-/**
- * {@link android.nearby.BroadcastRequest#PRESENCE_VERSION_V1} for encryption and decryption.
- */
-public class CryptorImpV1 extends Cryptor {
-
-    /**
-     * In the form of "algorithm/mode/padding". Must be the same across broadcast and scan devices.
-     */
-    private static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/CTR/NoPadding";
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static final String ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM = KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES;
-
-    /** Length of encryption key required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE = 32;
-
-    /** Length of salt required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int AES_CTR_IV_SIZE = 16;
-
-    /** Length HMAC tag */
-    public static final int HMAC_TAG_SIZE = 16;
-
-    // 3 16 byte arrays known by both the encryptor and decryptor.
-    private static final byte[] AK_IV =
-            new byte[] {12, -59, 19, 23, 96, 57, -59, 19, 117, -31, -116, -61, 86, -25, -33, -78};
-    private static final byte[] ASALT_IV =
-            new byte[] {111, 48, -83, -79, -10, -102, -16, 73, 43, 55, 102, -127, 58, -19, -113, 4};
-    private static final byte[] HK_IV =
-            new byte[] {12, -59, 19, 23, 96, 57, -59, 19, 117, -31, -116, -61, 86, -25, -33, -78};
-
-    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
-    @Nullable private static CryptorImpV1 sCryptor;
-
-    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpV1. */
-    public static CryptorImpV1 getInstance() {
-        if (sCryptor == null) {
-            sCryptor = new CryptorImpV1();
-        }
-        return sCryptor;
-    }
-
-    private CryptorImpV1() {
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, AK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Encrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] asalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ASALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (asalt == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate salt.");
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(asalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(data);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, AK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Decrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get cipher instance.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] asalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ASALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (asalt == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(asalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to decrypt bytes with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] sign(byte[] data, byte[] key) {
-        return generateHmacTag(data, key);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int getSignatureLength() {
-        return HMAC_TAG_SIZE;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] key, byte[] signature) {
-        return Arrays.equals(sign(data, key), signature);
-    }
-
-    /** Generates a 16 bytes HMAC tag. This is used for decryptor to verify if the computed HMAC tag
-     * is equal to HMAC tag in advertisement to see data integrity. */
-    @Nullable
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    byte[] generateHmacTag(byte[] data, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (data == null || authenticityKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Not generate HMAC tag because of invalid data input.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes HMAC key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] hmacKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, HK_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (hmacKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate HMAC key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 16 bytes HMAC tag from authenticity_key
-        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(data, hmacKey, HMAC_TAG_SIZE);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImp.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImp.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dbf85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImp.java
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
+
+import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
+
+import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
+import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
+import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
+import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
+
+/**
+ * MIC encryption and decryption for {@link android.nearby.BroadcastRequest#PRESENCE_VERSION_V1}
+ * advertisement
+ */
+public class CryptorMicImp extends Cryptor {
+
+    public static final int MIC_LENGTH = 16;
+
+    private static final String ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM = KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES;
+    private static final byte[] AES_KEY_INFO_BYTES = "Unsigned Section AES key".getBytes(
+            StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_SALT_DE = "Unsigned Section IV".getBytes(
+            StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE =
+            "V1 derived salt".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_KEY_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES =
+            "Unsigned Section metadata key HMAC key".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] MIC_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES = "Unsigned Section HMAC key".getBytes(
+            StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final int AES_KEY_SIZE = 16;
+    private static final int ADV_NONCE_SIZE_SALT_DE = 16;
+    private static final int ADV_NONCE_SIZE_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE = 12;
+    private static final int HMAC_KEY_SIZE = 32;
+
+    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
+    @Nullable
+    private static CryptorMicImp sCryptor;
+
+    private CryptorMicImp() {
+    }
+
+    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpV1. */
+    public static CryptorMicImp getInstance() {
+        if (sCryptor == null) {
+            sCryptor = new CryptorMicImp();
+        }
+        return sCryptor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate the meta data encryption key tag
+     * @param metadataEncryptionKey used as identity
+     * @param keySeed authenticity key saved in local and shared credential
+     * @return bytes generated by hmac or {@code null} when there is an error
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] generateMetadataEncryptionKeyTag(byte[] metadataEncryptionKey,
+            byte[] keySeed) {
+        try {
+            byte[] metadataKeyHmacKey = generateMetadataKeyHmacKey(keySeed);
+            return Cryptor.generateHmac(/* algorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM, /* input= */
+                    metadataEncryptionKey, /* key= */ metadataKeyHmacKey);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate Metadata encryption key tag.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param salt from the 2 bytes Salt Data Element
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] generateAdvNonce(byte[] salt) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ salt,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_SALT_DE,
+                /* size= */ ADV_NONCE_SIZE_SALT_DE);
+    }
+
+    /** Generates the 12 bytes nonce with salt from the 2 bytes Salt Data Element */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] generateAdvNonce(byte[] salt, int deIndex)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        // go/nearby-specs-working-doc
+        // Indices are encoded as big-endian unsigned 32-bit integers, starting at 1.
+        // Index 0 is reserved
+        byte[] indexBytes = new byte[4];
+        indexBytes[3] = (byte) deIndex;
+        byte[] info =
+                ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE, indexBytes);
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ salt,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ info,
+                /* size= */ ADV_NONCE_SIZE_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] input, byte[] iv, byte[] keySeed) {
+        if (input == null || iv == null || keySeed == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Cipher cipher;
+        try {
+            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        byte[] aesKey;
+        try {
+            aesKey = generateAesKey(keySeed);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Encryption failed because failed to generate the AES key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (aesKey == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Failed to generate the AES key.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
+        try {
+            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
+        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
+            return null;
+
+        }
+        try {
+            return cipher.doFinal(input);
+        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] iv, byte[] keySeed) {
+        if (encryptedData == null || iv == null || keySeed == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Cipher cipher;
+        try {
+            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get cipher instance.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte[] aesKey;
+        try {
+            aesKey = generateAesKey(keySeed);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Decryption failed because failed to generate the AES key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
+        try {
+            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
+        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
+        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to decrypt bytes with secret key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] sign(byte[] data, byte[] key) {
+        byte[] res = generateHmacTag(data, key);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getSignatureLength() {
+        return MIC_LENGTH;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] key, byte[] signature) {
+        return Arrays.equals(sign(data, key), signature);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a 16 bytes HMAC tag. This is used for decryptor to verify if the computed HMAC tag
+     * is equal to HMAC tag in advertisement to see data integrity.
+     *
+     * @param input   concatenated advertisement UUID, header, section header, derived salt, and
+     *                section content
+     * @param keySeed the MIC HMAC key is calculated using the derived key
+     * @return the first 16 bytes of HMAC-SHA256 result
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    byte[] generateHmacTag(byte[] input, byte[] keySeed) {
+        try {
+            if (input == null || keySeed == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            byte[] micHmacKey = generateMicHmacKey(keySeed);
+            byte[] hmac = Cryptor.generateHmac(/* algorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM, /* input= */
+                    input, /* key= */ micHmacKey);
+            if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(hmac)) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return Arrays.copyOf(hmac, MIC_LENGTH);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate mic hmac key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static byte[] generateAesKey(byte[] keySeed) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ keySeed,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ AES_KEY_INFO_BYTES,
+                /* size= */ AES_KEY_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] generateMetadataKeyHmacKey(byte[] keySeed)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return generateHmacKey(keySeed, METADATA_KEY_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] generateMicHmacKey(byte[] keySeed) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return generateHmacKey(keySeed, MIC_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] generateHmacKey(byte[] keySeed, byte[] info)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ keySeed,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ info,
+                /* size= */ HMAC_KEY_SIZE);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/service/lint-baseline.xml b/nearby/service/lint-baseline.xml
index a4761ab..3477594 100644
--- a/nearby/service/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/nearby/service/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<issues format="6" by="lint 8.0.0-dev" type="baseline" dependencies="true" variant="all" version="8.0.0-dev">
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha01" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha01">
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
         errorLine2="                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreCommunication.java"
-            line="263"
+            line="289"
             column="54"/>
     </issue>
 
diff --git a/nearby/service/proto/Android.bp b/nearby/service/proto/Android.bp
index 1b00cf6..be5a0b3 100644
--- a/nearby/service/proto/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/service/proto/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -41,4 +42,4 @@
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto b/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto
index e1bf455..bf9357b 100644
--- a/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto
+++ b/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@
   repeated DataElement data_element = 7;
   optional bytes ble_service_data = 8;
   optional ResultType result_type = 9;
+  // Timestamp when the device is discovered, in nanoseconds,
+  // relative to Android SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos().
+  optional uint64 timestamp_ns = 10;
 }
 
 message BleFilterResults {
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/Android.bp
index 66a1ffe..8009303 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -33,12 +34,14 @@
         "framework-bluetooth.stubs.module_lib",
         "framework-configinfrastructure",
         "framework-connectivity-t.impl",
+        "framework-location.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
     srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
         "mts-tethering",
+        "mcts-tethering",
     ],
     certificate: "platform",
     sdk_version: "module_current",
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
index bc9691d..576e806 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import android.app.UiAutomation;
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
-import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
-import android.bluetooth.cts.BTAdapterUtils;
+import android.bluetooth.test_utils.EnableBluetoothRule;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.location.LocationManager;
 import android.nearby.BroadcastCallback;
 import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest;
 import android.nearby.NearbyDevice;
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
 import android.nearby.ScanCallback;
 import android.nearby.ScanRequest;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -50,13 +52,16 @@
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
 import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
 
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.ClassRule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
@@ -70,6 +75,9 @@
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 public class NearbyManagerTest {
+
+    @ClassRule static final EnableBluetoothRule sEnableBluetooth = new EnableBluetoothRule();
+
     private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[]{1, 2};
     private static final byte[] SECRET_ID = new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4};
     private static final byte[] META_DATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY = new byte[14];
@@ -122,8 +130,6 @@
 
         mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
         mNearbyManager = mContext.getSystemService(NearbyManager.class);
-
-        enableBluetooth();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -189,12 +195,97 @@
         mScanCallback.onError(ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
     }
 
-    private void enableBluetooth() {
-        BluetoothManager manager = mContext.getSystemService(BluetoothManager.class);
-        BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = manager.getAdapter();
-        if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
-            assertThat(BTAdapterUtils.enableAdapter(bluetoothAdapter, mContext)).isTrue();
-        }
+    @Test
+    public void testsetPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds() {
+        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
+
+        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(List.of(new byte[20], new byte[20]));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testsetPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds_noPrivilegedPermission() {
+        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
+
+        mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(List.of(new byte[20])));
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAndGetPoweredOffFindingMode_enabled() {
+        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
+
+        enableLocation();
+        // enableLocation() has dropped shell permission identity.
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(
+                NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED);
+        assertThat(mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode())
+                .isEqualTo(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAndGetPoweredOffFindingMode_disabled() {
+        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
+
+        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(
+                NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED);
+        assertThat(mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode())
+                .isEqualTo(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPoweredOffFindingMode_noPrivilegedPermission() {
+        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
+
+        enableLocation();
+        mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mNearbyManager
+                .setPoweredOffFindingMode(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPoweredOffFindingMode_noPrivilegedPermission() {
+        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
+
+        mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode());
+    }
+
+    private void enableLocation() {
+        LocationManager locationManager = mContext.getSystemService(LocationManager.class);
+        UserHandle user = Process.myUserHandle();
+        SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                mUiAutomation, () -> locationManager.setLocationEnabledForUser(true, user));
     }
 
     private static class OffloadCallback implements Consumer<OffloadCapability> {
diff --git a/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/Android.bp
index 9b6e488..5e64009 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/src/android/nearby/integration/privileged/NearbyManagerTest.kt b/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/src/android/nearby/integration/privileged/NearbyManagerTest.kt
index 506b4e2..b949720 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/src/android/nearby/integration/privileged/NearbyManagerTest.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/integration/privileged/src/android/nearby/integration/privileged/NearbyManagerTest.kt
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import org.junit.Assert.assertThrows
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -96,4 +97,49 @@
         )
         nearbyManager.stopBroadcast(broadcastCallback)
     }
+
+    /** Verify privileged app can set powered off finding ephemeral IDs without exception. */
+    @Test
+    fun testNearbyManagerSetPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds_fromPrivilegedApp_succeed() {
+        val nearbyManager = appContext.getSystemService(Context.NEARBY_SERVICE) as NearbyManager
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (nearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return
+
+        val eid = ByteArray(20)
+
+        nearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(listOf(eid))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that [NearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds] checkes the ephemeral ID
+     * length.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun testNearbyManagerSetPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds_wrongSize_throwsException() {
+        val nearbyManager = appContext.getSystemService(Context.NEARBY_SERVICE) as NearbyManager
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (nearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException::class.java) {
+            nearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(listOf(ByteArray(21)))
+        }
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException::class.java) {
+            nearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(listOf(ByteArray(19)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Verify privileged app can set and get powered off finding mode without exception. */
+    @Test
+    fun testNearbyManagerSetGetPoweredOffMode_fromPrivilegedApp_succeed() {
+        val nearbyManager = appContext.getSystemService(Context.NEARBY_SERVICE) as NearbyManager
+        // Only test supporting devices.
+        if (nearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+                == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return
+
+        nearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED)
+        assertThat(nearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode())
+                .isEqualTo(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/Android.bp
index 75f765b..e6259c5 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/src/android/nearby/integration/untrusted/NearbyManagerTest.kt b/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/src/android/nearby/integration/untrusted/NearbyManagerTest.kt
index 7bf9f63..015d022 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/src/android/nearby/integration/untrusted/NearbyManagerTest.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/integration/untrusted/src/android/nearby/integration/untrusted/NearbyManagerTest.kt
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.uiautomator.LogcatWaitMixin
 import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.util.Calendar
 import org.junit.Assert.assertThrows
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import java.time.Duration
-import java.util.Calendar
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
 class NearbyManagerTest {
@@ -151,6 +151,46 @@
         ).isTrue()
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Verify untrusted app can't set powered off finding ephemeral IDs because it needs
+     * BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED permission which is not for use by third-party applications.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun testNearbyManagerSetPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds_fromUnTrustedApp_throwsException() {
+        val nearbyManager = appContext.getSystemService(Context.NEARBY_SERVICE) as NearbyManager
+        val eid = ByteArray(20)
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException::class.java) {
+            nearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(listOf(eid))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify untrusted app can't set powered off finding mode because it needs BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED
+     * permission which is not for use by third-party applications.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun testNearbyManagerSetPoweredOffFindingMode_fromUnTrustedApp_throwsException() {
+        val nearbyManager = appContext.getSystemService(Context.NEARBY_SERVICE) as NearbyManager
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException::class.java) {
+            nearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify untrusted app can't get powered off finding mode because it needs BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED
+     * permission which is not for use by third-party applications.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun testNearbyManagerGetPoweredOffFindingMode_fromUnTrustedApp_throwsException() {
+        val nearbyManager = appContext.getSystemService(Context.NEARBY_SERVICE) as NearbyManager
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException::class.java) {
+            nearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
+        }
+    }
+
     companion object {
         private val WAIT_INVALID_OPERATIONS_LOGS_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(5)
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 112c751..2950568 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@
         "platform-test-annotations",
         "service-nearby-pre-jarjar",
         "truth",
-        // "Robolectric_all-target",
     ],
     // these are needed for Extended Mockito
     jni_libs: [
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
index 5ddfed3..644e178 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
@@ -68,7 +69,12 @@
                 "3", false);
         Thread.sleep(500);
 
-        assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()).isTrue();
+        // TestAppSupported Flag can only be set to true in user-debug devices.
+        if (Build.isDebuggable()) {
+            assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()).isTrue();
+        } else {
+            assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()).isFalse();
+        }
         assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()).isTrue();
         assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.getNanoAppMinVersion()).isEqualTo(3);
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32286e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.managers;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.hardware.bluetooth.finder.Eid;
+import android.hardware.bluetooth.finder.IBluetoothFinder;
+import android.nearby.PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.IBinder.DeathRecipient;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class BluetoothFinderManagerTest {
+    private BluetoothFinderManager mBluetoothFinderManager;
+    private boolean mGetServiceCalled = false;
+
+    @Mock private IBluetoothFinder mIBluetoothFinderMock;
+    @Mock private IBinder mServiceBinderMock;
+
+    private ArgumentCaptor<DeathRecipient> mDeathRecipientCaptor =
+            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DeathRecipient.class);
+
+    private ArgumentCaptor<Eid[]> mEidArrayCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Eid[].class);
+
+    private class BluetoothFinderManagerSpy extends BluetoothFinderManager {
+        @Override
+        protected IBluetoothFinder getServiceMockable() {
+            mGetServiceCalled = true;
+            return mIBluetoothFinderMock;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected IBinder getServiceBinderMockable() {
+            return mServiceBinderMock;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mBluetoothFinderManager = new BluetoothFinderManagerSpy();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendEids() throws Exception {
+        byte[] eidBytes1 = {
+                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
+                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
+                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
+                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde
+        };
+        byte[] eidBytes2 = {
+                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
+                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
+                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
+                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef
+        };
+        PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId ephemeralId1 = new PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId();
+        PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId ephemeralId2 = new PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId();
+        ephemeralId1.bytes = eidBytes1;
+        ephemeralId2.bytes = eidBytes2;
+
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.sendEids(List.of(ephemeralId1, ephemeralId2));
+
+        verify(mIBluetoothFinderMock).sendEids(mEidArrayCaptor.capture());
+        assertThat(mEidArrayCaptor.getValue()[0].bytes).isEqualTo(eidBytes1);
+        assertThat(mEidArrayCaptor.getValue()[1].bytes).isEqualTo(eidBytes2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendEids_remoteException() throws Exception {
+        doThrow(new RemoteException())
+                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).sendEids(any());
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.sendEids(List.of());
+
+        // Verify that we get the service again following a RemoteException.
+        mGetServiceCalled = false;
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.sendEids(List.of());
+        assertThat(mGetServiceCalled).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendEids_serviceSpecificException() throws Exception {
+        doThrow(new ServiceSpecificException(1))
+                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).sendEids(any());
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.sendEids(List.of());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPoweredOffFinderMode() throws Exception {
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
+        verify(mIBluetoothFinderMock).setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
+
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(false);
+        verify(mIBluetoothFinderMock).setPoweredOffFinderMode(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPoweredOffFinderMode_remoteException() throws Exception {
+        doThrow(new RemoteException())
+                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).setPoweredOffFinderMode(anyBoolean());
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
+
+        // Verify that we get the service again following a RemoteException.
+        mGetServiceCalled = false;
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
+        assertThat(mGetServiceCalled).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPoweredOffFinderMode_serviceSpecificException() throws Exception {
+        doThrow(new ServiceSpecificException(1))
+                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).setPoweredOffFinderMode(anyBoolean());
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPoweredOffFinderMode() throws Exception {
+        when(mIBluetoothFinderMock.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertThat(mBluetoothFinderManager.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).isTrue();
+
+        when(mIBluetoothFinderMock.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertThat(mBluetoothFinderManager.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPoweredOffFinderMode_remoteException() throws Exception {
+        when(mIBluetoothFinderMock.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).thenThrow(new RemoteException());
+        assertThat(mBluetoothFinderManager.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).isFalse();
+
+        // Verify that we get the service again following a RemoteException.
+        mGetServiceCalled = false;
+        assertThat(mBluetoothFinderManager.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).isFalse();
+        assertThat(mGetServiceCalled).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPoweredOffFinderMode_serviceSpecificException() throws Exception {
+        when(mIBluetoothFinderMock.getPoweredOffFinderMode())
+                .thenThrow(new ServiceSpecificException(1));
+        assertThat(mBluetoothFinderManager.getPoweredOffFinderMode()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeathRecipient() throws Exception {
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
+        verify(mServiceBinderMock).linkToDeath(mDeathRecipientCaptor.capture(), anyInt());
+        mDeathRecipientCaptor.getValue().binderDied();
+
+        // Verify that we get the service again following a binder death.
+        mGetServiceCalled = false;
+        mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
+        assertThat(mGetServiceCalled).isTrue();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
index bc38210..7ff7b13 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest;
 import android.nearby.PresenceCredential;
 import android.nearby.PrivateCredential;
+import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
@@ -74,6 +77,8 @@
     IBroadcastListener mBroadcastListener;
     @Mock
     BleBroadcastProvider mBleBroadcastProvider;
+    @Mock
+    IBinder mBinder;
     private Context mContext;
     private BroadcastProviderManager mBroadcastProviderManager;
     private BroadcastRequest mBroadcastRequest;
@@ -82,9 +87,12 @@
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
+        when(mBroadcastListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(mBinder);
         mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
         DeviceConfig.setProperty(
                 NAMESPACE, NEARBY_ENABLE_PRESENCE_BROADCAST_LEGACY, "true", false);
+        DeviceConfig.setProperty(
+                NAMESPACE, NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, "true", false);
 
         mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
         mBroadcastProviderManager = new BroadcastProviderManager(
@@ -104,15 +112,28 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testStartAdvertising() {
+    public void testStartAdvertising() throws Exception {
         mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, mBroadcastListener);
         verify(mBleBroadcastProvider).start(eq(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V0),
                 any(byte[].class), any(BleBroadcastProvider.BroadcastListener.class));
+        verify(mBinder).linkToDeath(any(), eq(0));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testStopAdvertising() {
+        mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, mBroadcastListener);
         mBroadcastProviderManager.stopBroadcast(mBroadcastListener);
+        verify(mBinder).unlinkToDeath(any(), eq(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterAdvertising_twoTimes_fail() throws Exception {
+        IBroadcastListener newListener = mock(IBroadcastListener.class);
+        IBinder newBinder = mock(IBinder.class);
+        when(newListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(newBinder);
+        mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, mBroadcastListener);
+        mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, newListener);
+        verify(newListener).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java
index aa0dad3..0ca571a 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.managers;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.nearby.PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE;
 
@@ -23,10 +24,12 @@
 
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -36,6 +39,8 @@
 import android.nearby.ScanRequest;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
 import com.android.server.nearby.injector.Injector;
 import com.android.server.nearby.provider.BleDiscoveryProvider;
 import com.android.server.nearby.provider.ChreCommunication;
@@ -86,6 +91,8 @@
     DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.ScanListenerDeathRecipient mScanListenerDeathRecipient;
     @Mock
     IBinder mIBinder;
+    @Mock
+    BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
     private DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy mDiscoveryProviderManager;
     private Map<IBinder, DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.ScanListenerRecord>
             mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap;
@@ -135,10 +142,15 @@
 
     @Before
     public void setup() {
+        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation().adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
+                READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         when(mInjector.getAppOpsManager()).thenReturn(mAppOpsManager);
+        when(mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter()).thenReturn(mBluetoothAdapter);
         when(mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mBluetoothController);
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mChreController);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
 
         mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap = new HashMap<>();
         mDiscoveryProviderManager =
@@ -164,6 +176,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void test_enableBleWhenBleOff() throws Exception {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        mDiscoveryProviderManager.init();
+        verify(mBluetoothAdapter, times(1)).enableBLE();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStartProviders_chreOnlyChreAvailable_bleProviderNotStarted() {
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.available()).thenReturn(true);
 
@@ -375,4 +394,62 @@
                 .isTrue();
         assertThat(manager.mChreDiscoveryProvider.getFiltersLocked()).isNotNull();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bluetoothEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bleEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enableFailed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_scanIsOn() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_failed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java
index 7ecf631..7cea34a 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.managers;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.nearby.PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE;
 
@@ -24,10 +25,12 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -37,6 +40,8 @@
 import android.nearby.ScanRequest;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
 import com.android.server.nearby.injector.Injector;
 import com.android.server.nearby.provider.BleDiscoveryProvider;
 import com.android.server.nearby.provider.ChreCommunication;
@@ -80,6 +85,8 @@
     CallerIdentity mCallerIdentity;
     @Mock
     IBinder mIBinder;
+    @Mock
+    BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
     private Executor mExecutor;
     private DiscoveryProviderManager mDiscoveryProviderManager;
 
@@ -128,12 +135,17 @@
 
     @Before
     public void setup() {
+        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation().adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
+                READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
         when(mInjector.getAppOpsManager()).thenReturn(mAppOpsManager);
         when(mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mBluetoothController);
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mChreController);
         when(mScanListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(mIBinder);
+        when(mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter()).thenReturn(mBluetoothAdapter);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
 
         mDiscoveryProviderManager =
                 new DiscoveryProviderManager(mContext, mExecutor, mInjector,
@@ -157,6 +169,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void test_enableBleWhenBleOff() throws Exception {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        mDiscoveryProviderManager.init();
+        verify(mBluetoothAdapter, times(1)).enableBLE();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStartProviders_chreOnlyChreAvailable_bleProviderNotStarted() {
         reset(mBluetoothController);
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.available()).thenReturn(true);
@@ -336,4 +355,62 @@
                 .isTrue();
         assertThat(manager.mChreDiscoveryProvider.getFiltersLocked()).isNotNull();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bluetoothEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bleEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enableFailed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_scanIsOn() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_failed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfoTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ec7c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import com.android.server.nearby.presence.EncryptionInfo.EncodingScheme;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link EncryptionInfo}.
+ */
+public class EncryptionInfoTest {
+    private static final byte[] SALT =
+            new byte[]{25, -21, 35, -108, -26, -126, 99, 60, 110, 45, -116, 34, 91, 126, -23, 127};
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_illegalLength() {
+        byte[] data = new byte[]{1, 2};
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new EncryptionInfo(data));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_illegalEncodingScheme() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EncryptionInfo(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b10110000, SALT)));
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EncryptionInfo(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b01101000, SALT)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_getMethods_signature() {
+        byte[] data = ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b10001000, SALT);
+        EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+        assertThat(info.getEncodingScheme()).isEqualTo(EncodingScheme.SIGNATURE);
+        assertThat(info.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_getMethods_mic() {
+        byte[] data = ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b10000000, SALT);
+        EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+        assertThat(info.getEncodingScheme()).isEqualTo(EncodingScheme.MIC);
+        assertThat(info.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void test_toBytes() {
+        byte[] data = EncryptionInfo.toByte(EncodingScheme.MIC, SALT);
+        EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+        assertThat(info.getEncodingScheme()).isEqualTo(EncodingScheme.MIC);
+        assertThat(info.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java
index 895df69..3f00a42 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
 
+import static com.android.server.nearby.presence.PresenceConstants.PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES;
+
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest;
@@ -25,19 +27,22 @@
 import android.nearby.PrivateCredential;
 import android.nearby.PublicCredential;
 
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpIdentityV1;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpV1;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorMicImp;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class ExtendedAdvertisementTest {
+    private static final int EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH = 67;
     private static final int IDENTITY_TYPE = PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
+    private static final int DATA_TYPE_ACTION = 6;
     private static final int DATA_TYPE_MODEL_ID = 7;
     private static final int DATA_TYPE_BLE_ADDRESS = 101;
     private static final int DATA_TYPE_PUBLIC_IDENTITY = 3;
@@ -49,18 +54,23 @@
     private static final DataElement BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT =
             new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_BLE_ADDRESS, BLE_ADDRESS);
 
-    private static final byte[] IDENTITY =
-            new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4};
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY =
+            new byte[]{-39, -55, 115, 78, -57, 40, 115, 0, -112, 86, -86, 7, -42, 68, 11, 12};
     private static final int MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE = 0;
     private static final byte[] SALT = {2, 3};
+
     private static final int PRESENCE_ACTION_1 = 1;
     private static final int PRESENCE_ACTION_2 = 2;
+    private static final DataElement PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1 =
+            new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_ACTION, new byte[]{PRESENCE_ACTION_1});
+    private static final DataElement PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2 =
+            new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_ACTION, new byte[]{PRESENCE_ACTION_2});
 
     private static final byte[] SECRET_ID = new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4};
     private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
             new byte[]{-97, 10, 107, -86, 25, 65, -54, -95, -72, 59, 54, 93, 9, 3, -24, -88};
     private static final byte[] PUBLIC_KEY =
-            new byte[] {
+            new byte[]{
                     48, 89, 48, 19, 6, 7, 42, -122, 72, -50, 61, 2, 1, 6, 8, 42, -122, 72, -50, 61,
                     66, 0, 4, -56, -39, -92, 69, 0, 52, 23, 67, 83, -14, 75, 52, -14, -5, -41, 48,
                     -83, 31, 42, -39, 102, -13, 22, -73, -73, 86, 30, -96, -84, -13, 4, 122, 104,
@@ -68,7 +78,7 @@
                     123, 41, -119, -25, 1, -112, 112
             };
     private static final byte[] ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES =
-            new byte[] {
+            new byte[]{
                     -44, -25, -95, -124, -7, 90, 116, -8, 7, -120, -23, -22, -106, -44, -19, 61,
                     -18, 39, 29, 78, 108, -11, -39, 85, -30, 64, -99, 102, 65, 37, -42, 114, -37,
                     88, -112, 8, -75, -53, 23, -16, -104, 67, 49, 48, -53, 73, -109, 44, -23, -11,
@@ -78,23 +88,65 @@
                     -4, -46, -30, -85, -50, 100, 46, -66, -128, 7, 66, 9, 88, 95, 12, -13, 81, -91,
             };
     private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG =
-            new byte[] {-126, -104, 1, -1, 26, -46, -68, -86};
+            new byte[]{-100, 102, -35, -99, 66, -85, -55, -58, -52, 11, -74, 102, 109, -89, 1, -34,
+                    45, 43, 107, -60, 99, -21, 28, 34, 31, -100, -96, 108, 108, -18, 107, 5};
+
+    private static final String ENCODED_ADVERTISEMENT_ENCRYPTION_INFO =
+            "2091911000DE2A89ED98474AF3E41E48487E8AEBDE90014C18BCB9F9AAC5C11A1BE00A10A5DCD2C49A74BE"
+                    + "BAF0FE72FD5053B9DF8B9976C80BE0DCE8FEE83F1BFA9A89EB176CA48EE4ED5D15C6CDAD6B9E"
+                    + "41187AA6316D7BFD8E454A53971AC00836F7AB0771FF0534050037D49C6AEB18CF9F8590E5CD"
+                    + "EE2FBC330FCDC640C63F0735B7E3F02FE61A0496EF976A158AD3455D";
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG_2 =
+            new byte[]{-54, -39, 41, 16, 61, 79, -116, 14, 94, 0, 84, 45, 26, -108, 66, -48, 124,
+                    -81, 61, 56, -98, -47, 14, -19, 116, 106, -27, 123, -81, 49, 83, -42};
+
     private static final String DEVICE_NAME = "test_device";
 
+    private static final byte[] SALT_16 =
+            ArrayUtils.stringToBytes("DE2A89ED98474AF3E41E48487E8AEBDE");
+    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY_2 =  ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "959D2F3CAB8EE4A2DEB0255C03762CF5D39EB919300420E75A089050FB025E20");
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2 =  ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "EF5E9A0867560E52AE1F05FCA7E48D29");
+
+    private static final DataElement DE1 = new DataElement(571, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "537F96FD94E13BE589F0141145CFC0EEC4F86FBDB2"));
+    private static final DataElement DE2 = new DataElement(541, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "D301FFB24B5B"));
+    private static final DataElement DE3 = new DataElement(51, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "EA95F07C25B75C04E1B2B8731F6A55BA379FB141"));
+    private static final DataElement DE4 = new DataElement(729, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "2EFD3101E2311BBB108F0A7503907EAF0C2EAAA60CDA8D33A294C4CEACE0"));
+    private static final DataElement DE5 = new DataElement(411, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes("B0"));
+
     private PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder mBuilder;
+    private PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder mBuilderCredentialInfo;
     private PrivateCredential mPrivateCredential;
+    private PrivateCredential mPrivateCredential2;
+
     private PublicCredential mPublicCredential;
+    private PublicCredential mPublicCredential2;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         mPrivateCredential =
-                new PrivateCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, IDENTITY, DEVICE_NAME)
+                new PrivateCredential.Builder(
+                        SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY, DEVICE_NAME)
+                        .setIdentityType(PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE)
+                        .build();
+        mPrivateCredential2 =
+                new PrivateCredential.Builder(
+                        SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY_2, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2, DEVICE_NAME)
                         .setIdentityType(PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE)
                         .build();
         mPublicCredential =
                 new PublicCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, PUBLIC_KEY,
                         ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG)
                         .build();
+        mPublicCredential2 =
+                new PublicCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY_2, PUBLIC_KEY,
+                        ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG_2)
+                        .build();
         mBuilder =
                 new PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(Collections.singletonList(MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE),
                         SALT, mPrivateCredential)
@@ -103,6 +155,16 @@
                         .addAction(PRESENCE_ACTION_2)
                         .addExtendedProperty(new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_BLE_ADDRESS, BLE_ADDRESS))
                         .addExtendedProperty(new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_MODEL_ID, MODE_ID_DATA));
+
+        mBuilderCredentialInfo =
+                new PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(Collections.singletonList(MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE),
+                        SALT_16, mPrivateCredential2)
+                        .setVersion(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE1)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE2)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE3)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE4)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE5);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -112,36 +174,50 @@
 
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getActions())
                 .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
-        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
-        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(66);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
                 BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getDataElements())
-                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+                .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2,
+                        MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_createFromRequest_credentialInfo() {
+        ExtendedAdvertisement originalAdvertisement = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(
+                mBuilderCredentialInfo.build());
+
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
+                BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT_16);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getDataElements())
+                .containsExactly(DE1, DE2, DE3, DE4, DE5);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void test_createFromRequest_encodeAndDecode() {
         ExtendedAdvertisement originalAdvertisement = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(
                 mBuilder.build());
-
         byte[] generatedBytes = originalAdvertisement.toBytes();
-
         ExtendedAdvertisement newAdvertisement =
                 ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(generatedBytes, mPublicCredential);
 
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getActions())
                 .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
-        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY);
+        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
-        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(66);
+        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
                 BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getDataElements())
-                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT,
+                        PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -170,45 +246,77 @@
                         .setVersion(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1)
                         .addAction(PRESENCE_ACTION_1);
         assertThat(ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(builder2.build())).isNull();
-
-        // empty action
-        PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder builder3 =
-                new PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(Collections.singletonList(MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE),
-                        SALT, mPrivateCredential)
-                        .setVersion(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
-        assertThat(ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(builder3.build())).isNull();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void test_toBytes() {
+    public void test_toBytesSalt() throws Exception {
         ExtendedAdvertisement adv = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(mBuilder.build());
         assertThat(adv.toBytes()).isEqualTo(getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void test_fromBytes() {
+    public void test_fromBytesSalt() throws Exception {
         byte[] originalBytes = getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray();
         ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
                 ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(originalBytes, mPublicCredential);
 
         assertThat(adv.getActions())
                 .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
-        assertThat(adv.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY);
+        assertThat(adv.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY);
         assertThat(adv.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
-        assertThat(adv.getLength()).isEqualTo(66);
+        assertThat(adv.getLength()).isEqualTo(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
         assertThat(adv.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
                 BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
         assertThat(adv.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
         assertThat(adv.getDataElements())
-                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT,
+                        PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_toBytesCredentialElement() {
+        ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
+                ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(mBuilderCredentialInfo.build());
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.bytesToStringUppercase(adv.toBytes())).isEqualTo(
+                ENCODED_ADVERTISEMENT_ENCRYPTION_INFO);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_fromBytesCredentialElement() {
+        ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
+                ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(
+                        ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(ENCODED_ADVERTISEMENT_ENCRYPTION_INFO),
+                        mPublicCredential2);
+        assertThat(adv.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2);
+        assertThat(adv.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
+        assertThat(adv.getVersion()).isEqualTo(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
+        assertThat(adv.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT_16);
+        assertThat(adv.getDataElements()).containsExactly(DE1, DE2, DE3, DE4, DE5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_fromBytes_metadataTagNotMatched_fail() throws Exception {
+        byte[] originalBytes = getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray();
+        PublicCredential credential =
+                new PublicCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, PUBLIC_KEY,
+                        ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES,
+                        new byte[]{113, 90, -55, 73, 25, -9, 55, -44, 102, 44, 81, -68, 101, 21, 32,
+                                92, -107, 3, 108, 90, 28, -73, 16, 49, -95, -121, 8, -45, -27, 16,
+                                6, 108})
+                        .build();
+        ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
+                ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(originalBytes, credential);
+        assertThat(adv).isNull();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void test_toString() {
         ExtendedAdvertisement adv = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(mBuilder.build());
         assertThat(adv.toString()).isEqualTo("ExtendedAdvertisement:"
-                + "<VERSION: 1, length: 66, dataElementCount: 2, identityType: 1, "
-                + "identity: [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4], salt: [2, 3],"
+                + "<VERSION: 1, length: " + EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH
+                + ", dataElementCount: 4, identityType: 1, "
+                + "identity: " + Arrays.toString(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY)
+                + ", salt: [2, 3],"
                 + " actions: [1, 2]>");
     }
 
@@ -222,26 +330,22 @@
         assertThat(adv.getDataElements(DATA_TYPE_PUBLIC_IDENTITY)).isEmpty();
     }
 
-    private static byte[] getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray() {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(66);
+    private static byte[] getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray() throws Exception {
+        CryptorMicImp cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
         buffer.put((byte) 0b00100000); // Header V1
-        buffer.put((byte) 0b00100000); // Salt header: length 2, type 0
+        buffer.put(
+                (byte) (EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH - 2)); // Section header (section length)
+
         // Salt data
-        buffer.put(SALT);
+        // Salt header: length 2, type 0
+        byte[] saltBytes = ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00100000}, SALT);
+        buffer.put(saltBytes);
         // Identity header: length 16, type 1 (private identity)
-        buffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b10010000, (byte) 0b00000001});
-        // Identity data
-        buffer.put(CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance().encrypt(IDENTITY, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
+        byte[] identityHeader = new byte[]{(byte) 0b10010000, (byte) 0b00000001};
+        buffer.put(identityHeader);
 
         ByteBuffer deBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(28);
-        // Action1 header: length 1, type 6
-        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
-        // Action1 data
-        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_1);
-        // Action2 header: length 1, type 6
-        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
-        // Action2 data
-        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
         // Ble address header: length 7, type 102
         deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b10000111, (byte) 0b01100101});
         // Ble address data
@@ -250,11 +354,30 @@
         deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b10001101, (byte) 0b00000111});
         // model id data
         deBuffer.put(MODE_ID_DATA);
+        // Action1 header: length 1, type 6
+        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
+        // Action1 data
+        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_1);
+        // Action2 header: length 1, type 6
+        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
+        // Action2 data
+        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
+        byte[] deBytes = deBuffer.array();
+        byte[] nonce = CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(SALT);
+        byte[] ciphertext =
+                cryptor.encrypt(
+                        ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY, deBytes),
+                        nonce, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        buffer.put(ciphertext);
 
-        byte[] data = deBuffer.array();
-        CryptorImpV1 cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        buffer.put(cryptor.encrypt(data, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
-        buffer.put(cryptor.sign(data, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
+        byte[] dataToSign = ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(
+                PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES, /* UUID */
+                new byte[]{(byte) 0b00100000}, /* header */
+                new byte[]{(byte) (EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH - 2)} /* sectionHeader */,
+                saltBytes, /* salt */
+                nonce, identityHeader, ciphertext);
+        byte[] mic = cryptor.sign(dataToSign, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        buffer.put(mic);
 
         return buffer.array();
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java
index 05b556b..0b1a742 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.provider;
 
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeast;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@
 
         AdvertiseSettings settings = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder().build();
         mBleBroadcastProvider.onStartSuccess(settings);
-        verify(mBroadcastListener).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
+        verify(mBroadcastListener, atLeast(1)).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@
         // advertising set can not be mocked, so we will allow nulls
         mBleBroadcastProvider.mAdvertisingSetCallback.onAdvertisingSetStarted(null, -30,
                 AdvertisingSetCallback.ADVERTISE_SUCCESS);
-        verify(mBroadcastListener).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
+        verify(mBroadcastListener, atLeast(1)).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
index 154441b..590a46e 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
@@ -192,7 +192,12 @@
 
     @Test
     @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
-    public void testOnNearbyDeviceDiscoveredWithDataElements() {
+    public void testOnNearbyDeviceDiscoveredWithDataElements_TIME() {
+        // The feature only supports user-debug builds.
+        if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         // Disables the setting of test app support
         boolean isSupportedTestApp = getDeviceConfigBoolean(
                 NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, false /* defaultValue */);
@@ -209,6 +214,7 @@
         // First byte is length of service data, padding zeros should be thrown away.
         final byte [] bleServiceData = new byte[] {5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0};
         final byte [] testData = new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+        final long timestampNs = 1697765417070000000L;
 
         final List<DataElement> expectedExtendedProperties = new ArrayList<>();
         expectedExtendedProperties.add(new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_CONNECTION_STATUS_KEY,
@@ -262,6 +268,7 @@
                                 .setValue(ByteString.copyFrom(testData))
                                 .setValueLength(testData.length)
                         )
+                        .setTimestampNs(timestampNs)
                         .build();
         Blefilter.BleFilterResults results =
                 Blefilter.BleFilterResults.newBuilder().addResult(result).build();
@@ -285,11 +292,18 @@
             DeviceConfig.setProperty(NAMESPACE, NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, "true", false);
             assertThat(new NearbyConfiguration().isTestAppSupported()).isTrue();
         }
+        // Nanoseconds to Milliseconds
+        assertThat((mNearbyDevice.getValue().getPresenceDevice())
+                .getDiscoveryTimestampMillis()).isEqualTo(timestampNs / 1000000);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 33, codeName = "T")
     public void testOnNearbyDeviceDiscoveredWithTestDataElements() {
+        // The feature only supports user-debug builds.
+        if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {
+            return;
+        }
         // Enables the setting of test app support
         boolean isSupportedTestApp = getDeviceConfigBoolean(
                 NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, false /* defaultValue */);
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java
index a759baf..455c432 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
-import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
-
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public final class ArrayUtilsTest {
@@ -30,51 +28,58 @@
     private static final byte[] BYTES_ALL = new byte[] {7, 9, 8};
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysNoInput() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays().length).isEqualTo(0);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysOneEmptyArray() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_EMPTY).length).isEqualTo(0);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysOneNonEmptyArray() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_ONE)).isEqualTo(BYTES_ONE);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysMultipleNonEmptyArrays() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_ONE, BYTES_TWO)).isEqualTo(BYTES_ALL);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysMultipleArrays() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_ONE, BYTES_EMPTY, BYTES_TWO))
                 .isEqualTo(BYTES_ALL);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testIsEmptyNull_returnsTrue() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.isEmpty(null)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testIsEmpty_returnsTrue() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.isEmpty(new byte[]{})).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testIsEmpty_returnsFalse() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.isEmpty(BYTES_ALL)).isFalse();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppendByte() {
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 2, BYTES_ONE)).isEqualTo(new byte[]{2, 7, 9});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppendByteNull() {
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 2, null)).isEqualTo(new byte[]{2});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppendByteToArray() {
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.append(BYTES_ONE, (byte) 2)).isEqualTo(new byte[]{7, 9, 2});
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1Test.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1Test.java
deleted file mode 100644
index f0294fc..0000000
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1Test.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-public class CryptorImpIdentityV1Test {
-    private static final String TAG = "CryptorImpIdentityV1Test";
-    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[] {102, 22};
-    private static final byte[] DATA =
-            new byte[] {107, -102, 101, 107, 20, 62, 2, 73, 113, 59, 8, -14, -58, 122};
-    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
-            new byte[] {-89, 88, -50, -42, -99, 57, 84, -24, 121, 1, -104, -8, -26, -73, -36, 100};
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encrypt_decrypt() {
-        Cryptor identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] encryptedData = identityCryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-
-        assertThat(identityCryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY)).isEqualTo(DATA);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encryption() {
-        Cryptor identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] encryptedData = identityCryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "encrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(encryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(encryptedData).isEqualTo(getEncryptedData());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_decryption() {
-        Cryptor identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] decryptedData =
-                identityCryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "decrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(decryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(decryptedData).isEqualTo(DATA);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void generateHmacTag() {
-        CryptorImpIdentityV1 identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] generatedTag = identityCryptor.sign(DATA);
-        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{50, 116, 95, -87, 63, 123, -79, -43};
-        assertThat(generatedTag).isEqualTo(expectedTag);
-    }
-
-    private static byte[] getEncryptedData() {
-        return new byte[]{6, -31, -32, -123, 43, -92, -47, -110, -65, 126, -15, -51, -19, -43};
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1Test.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1Test.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ca2575..0000000
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1Test.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-/**
- * Unit test for {@link CryptorImpV1}
- */
-public final class CryptorImpV1Test {
-    private static final String TAG = "CryptorImpV1Test";
-    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[] {102, 22};
-    private static final byte[] DATA =
-            new byte[] {107, -102, 101, 107, 20, 62, 2, 73, 113, 59, 8, -14, -58, 122};
-    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
-            new byte[] {-89, 88, -50, -42, -99, 57, 84, -24, 121, 1, -104, -8, -26, -73, -36, 100};
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encryption() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] encryptedData = v1Cryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "encrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(encryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(encryptedData).isEqualTo(getEncryptedData());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encryption_invalidInput() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 6})).isNull();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_decryption() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] decryptedData =
-                v1Cryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "decrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(decryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(decryptedData).isEqualTo(DATA);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_decryption_invalidInput() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), SALT, new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 6})).isNull();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void generateSign() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] generatedTag = v1Cryptor.sign(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{
-                100, 88, -104, 80, -66, 107, -38, 95, 34, 40, -56, -23, -90, 90, -87, 12};
-        assertThat(generatedTag).isEqualTo(expectedTag);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_verify() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{
-                100, 88, -104, 80, -66, 107, -38, 95, 34, 40, -56, -23, -90, 90, -87, 12};
-
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, expectedTag)).isTrue();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, DATA)).isFalse();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_generateHmacTag_sameResult() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] res1 = v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        assertThat(res1)
-                .isEqualTo(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullData() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(/* data= */ null, AUTHENTICITY_KEY)).isNull();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullKey() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, /* authenticityKey= */ null)).isNull();
-    }
-
-    private static byte[] getEncryptedData() {
-        return new byte[]{-92, 94, -99, -97, 81, -48, -7, 119, -64, -22, 45, -49, -50, 92};
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImpTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImpTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6d2333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImpTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link CryptorMicImp}
+ */
+public final class CryptorMicImpTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "CryptorImpV1Test";
+    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[]{102, 22};
+    private static final byte[] DATA =
+            new byte[]{107, -102, 101, 107, 20, 62, 2, 73, 113, 59, 8, -14, -58, 122};
+    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
+            new byte[]{-89, 88, -50, -42, -99, 57, 84, -24, 121, 1, -104, -8, -26, -73, -36, 100};
+
+    private static byte[] getEncryptedData() {
+        return new byte[]{112, 23, -111, 87, 122, -27, 45, -25, -35, 84, -89, 115, 61, 113};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_encryption() throws Exception {
+        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] encryptedData =
+                v1Cryptor.encrypt(DATA,  CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(SALT), AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        assertThat(encryptedData).isEqualTo(getEncryptedData());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_decryption() throws Exception {
+        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] decryptedData =
+                v1Cryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(SALT),
+                        AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        assertThat(decryptedData).isEqualTo(DATA);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_verify() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{
+                -80, -51, -101, -7, -65, 110, 37, 68, 122, -128, 57, -90, -115, -59, -61, 46};
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, expectedTag)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, DATA)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_generateHmacTag_sameResult() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] res1 = v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        assertThat(res1)
+                .isEqualTo(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullData() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(/* data= */ null, AUTHENTICITY_KEY)).isNull();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullKey() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, /* authenticityKey= */ null)).isNull();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java
index ca612e3..1fb2236 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
         assertThat(res2).hasLength(outputSize);
         assertThat(res1).isNotEqualTo(res2);
         assertThat(res1)
-                .isEqualTo(CryptorImpV1.computeHkdf(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, outputSize));
+                .isEqualTo(CryptorMicImp.computeHkdf(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, outputSize));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/netbpfload/Android.bp b/netbpfload/Android.bp
index 1f92374..f278695 100644
--- a/netbpfload/Android.bp
+++ b/netbpfload/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,22 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
+}
+
+install_symlink {
+    name: "mainline_tethering_platform_components",
+
+    symlink_target: "/apex/com.android.tethering/bin/ethtool",
+    // installed_location is relative to /system because that's the default partition for soong
+    // modules, unless we add something like `system_ext_specific: true` like in hwservicemanager.
+    installed_location: "bin/ethtool",
+
+    init_rc: ["netbpfload.rc"],
+    required: ["bpfloader"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "netbpfload",
 
@@ -40,12 +56,29 @@
         "com.android.tethering",
         "//apex_available:platform",
     ],
-    // really should be Android 14/U (34), but we cannot include binaries built
+    // really should be Android 13/T (33), but we cannot include binaries built
     // against newer sdk in the apex, which still targets 30(R):
     // module "netbpfload" variant "android_x86_apex30": should support
     // min_sdk_version(30) for "com.android.tethering": newer SDK(34).
     min_sdk_version: "30",
+    installable: false,
+}
 
-    init_rc: ["netbpfload.rc"],
-    required: ["bpfloader"],
+// Versioned netbpfload init rc: init system will process it only on api T/33+ devices
+// Note: R[30] S[31] Sv2[32] T[33] U[34] V[35])
+//
+// For details of versioned rc files see:
+// https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/HEAD/init/README.md#versioned-rc-files-within-apexs
+prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "netbpfload.mainline.rc",
+    src: "netbpfload.mainline.rc",
+    filename: "netbpfload.33rc",
+    installable: false,
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "netbpfload.35rc",
+    src: "netbpfload.35rc",
+    filename: "netbpfload.35rc",
+    installable: false,
 }
diff --git a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index 6152287..f42e8a5 100644
--- a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -51,23 +51,23 @@
 #include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
 #include "loader.h"
 
-using android::base::EndsWith;
-using android::bpf::domain;
+namespace android {
+namespace bpf {
+
+using base::StartsWith;
+using base::EndsWith;
 using std::string;
 
-bool exists(const char* const path) {
+static bool exists(const char* const path) {
     int v = access(path, F_OK);
-    if (!v) {
-        ALOGI("%s exists.", path);
-        return true;
-    }
+    if (!v) return true;
     if (errno == ENOENT) return false;
     ALOGE("FATAL: access(%s, F_OK) -> %d [%d:%s]", path, v, errno, strerror(errno));
     abort();  // can only hit this if permissions (likely selinux) are screwed up
 }
 
 
-const android::bpf::Location locations[] = {
+const Location locations[] = {
         // S+ Tethering mainline module (network_stack): tether offload
         {
                 .dir = "/apex/com.android.tethering/etc/bpf/",
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
         },
 };
 
-int loadAllElfObjects(const android::bpf::Location& location) {
+static int loadAllElfObjects(const unsigned int bpfloader_ver, const Location& location) {
     int retVal = 0;
     DIR* dir;
     struct dirent* ent;
@@ -111,12 +111,12 @@
             progPath += s;
 
             bool critical;
-            int ret = android::bpf::loadProg(progPath.c_str(), &critical, location);
+            int ret = loadProg(progPath.c_str(), &critical, bpfloader_ver, location);
             if (ret) {
                 if (critical) retVal = ret;
                 ALOGE("Failed to load object: %s, ret: %s", progPath.c_str(), std::strerror(-ret));
             } else {
-                ALOGI("Loaded object: %s", progPath.c_str());
+                ALOGD("Loaded object: %s", progPath.c_str());
             }
         }
         closedir(dir);
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
     return retVal;
 }
 
-int createSysFsBpfSubDir(const char* const prefix) {
+static int createSysFsBpfSubDir(const char* const prefix) {
     if (*prefix) {
         mode_t prevUmask = umask(0);
 
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@
 // Technically 'value' doesn't need to be newline terminated, but it's best
 // to include a newline to match 'echo "value" > /proc/sys/...foo' behaviour,
 // which is usually how kernel devs test the actual sysctl interfaces.
-int writeProcSysFile(const char *filename, const char *value) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+static int writeProcSysFile(const char *filename, const char *value) {
+    base::unique_fd fd(open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (fd < 0) {
         const int err = errno;
         ALOGE("open('%s', O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC) -> %s", filename, strerror(err));
@@ -169,19 +169,172 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
-    (void)argc;
-    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+#define APEX_MOUNT_POINT "/apex/com.android.tethering"
+const char * const platformBpfLoader = "/system/bin/bpfloader";
 
+static int logTetheringApexVersion(void) {
+    char * found_blockdev = NULL;
+    FILE * f = NULL;
+    char buf[4096];
+
+    f = fopen("/proc/mounts", "re");
+    if (!f) return 1;
+
+    // /proc/mounts format: block_device [space] mount_point [space] other stuff... newline
+    while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f)) {
+        char * blockdev = buf;
+        char * space = strchr(blockdev, ' ');
+        if (!space) continue;
+        *space = '\0';
+        char * mntpath = space + 1;
+        space = strchr(mntpath, ' ');
+        if (!space) continue;
+        *space = '\0';
+        if (strcmp(mntpath, APEX_MOUNT_POINT)) continue;
+        found_blockdev = strdup(blockdev);
+        break;
+    }
+    fclose(f);
+    f = NULL;
+
+    if (!found_blockdev) return 2;
+    ALOGV("Found Tethering Apex mounted from blockdev %s", found_blockdev);
+
+    f = fopen("/proc/mounts", "re");
+    if (!f) { free(found_blockdev); return 3; }
+
+    while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f)) {
+        char * blockdev = buf;
+        char * space = strchr(blockdev, ' ');
+        if (!space) continue;
+        *space = '\0';
+        char * mntpath = space + 1;
+        space = strchr(mntpath, ' ');
+        if (!space) continue;
+        *space = '\0';
+        if (strcmp(blockdev, found_blockdev)) continue;
+        if (strncmp(mntpath, APEX_MOUNT_POINT "@", strlen(APEX_MOUNT_POINT "@"))) continue;
+        char * at = strchr(mntpath, '@');
+        if (!at) continue;
+        char * ver = at + 1;
+        ALOGI("Tethering APEX version %s", ver);
+    }
+    fclose(f);
+    free(found_blockdev);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool isGSI() {
+    // From //system/gsid/libgsi.cpp IsGsiRunning()
+    return !access("/metadata/gsi/dsu/booted", F_OK);
+}
+
+static bool hasGSM() {
+    static string ph = base::GetProperty("gsm.current.phone-type", "");
+    static bool gsm = (ph != "");
+    static bool logged = false;
+    if (!logged) {
+        logged = true;
+        ALOGI("hasGSM(gsm.current.phone-type='%s'): %s", ph.c_str(), gsm ? "true" : "false");
+    }
+    return gsm;
+}
+
+static bool isTV() {
+    if (hasGSM()) return false;  // TVs don't do GSM
+
+    static string key = base::GetProperty("ro.oem.key1", "");
+    static bool tv = StartsWith(key, "ATV00");
+    static bool logged = false;
+    if (!logged) {
+        logged = true;
+        ALOGI("isTV(ro.oem.key1='%s'): %s.", key.c_str(), tv ? "true" : "false");
+    }
+    return tv;
+}
+
+static int doLoad(char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
     const int device_api_level = android_get_device_api_level();
+    const bool isAtLeastT = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_T__);
     const bool isAtLeastU = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_U__);
+    const bool isAtLeastV = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_V__);
 
-    if (!android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
-        ALOGE("Android U QPR2 requires kernel 4.19.");
+    // last in U QPR2 beta1
+    const bool has_platform_bpfloader_rc = exists("/system/etc/init/bpfloader.rc");
+    // first in U QPR2 beta~2
+    const bool has_platform_netbpfload_rc = exists("/system/etc/init/netbpfload.rc");
+
+    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad (%s) api:%d/%d kver:%07x (%s) rc:%d%d",
+          argv[0], android_get_application_target_sdk_version(), device_api_level,
+          kernelVersion(), describeArch(),
+          has_platform_bpfloader_rc, has_platform_netbpfload_rc);
+
+    if (!has_platform_bpfloader_rc && !has_platform_netbpfload_rc) {
+        ALOGE("Unable to find platform's bpfloader & netbpfload init scripts.");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (android::bpf::isUserspace32bit() && android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) {
+    if (has_platform_bpfloader_rc && has_platform_netbpfload_rc) {
+        ALOGE("Platform has *both* bpfloader & netbpfload init scripts.");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    logTetheringApexVersion();
+
+    if (!isAtLeastT) {
+        ALOGE("Impossible - not reachable on Android <T.");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (isAtLeastT && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0)) {
+        ALOGE("Android T requires kernel 4.9.");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (isAtLeastU && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+        ALOGE("Android U requires kernel 4.14.");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (isAtLeastV && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+        ALOGE("Android V requires kernel 4.19.");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (isAtLeastV && isX86() && !isKernel64Bit()) {
+        ALOGE("Android V requires X86 kernel to be 64-bit.");
+        if (!isTV()) return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (isAtLeastV) {
+        bool bad = false;
+
+        if (!isLtsKernel()) {
+            ALOGW("Android V only supports LTS kernels.");
+            bad = true;
+        }
+
+#define REQUIRE(maj, min, sub) \
+        if (isKernelVersion(maj, min) && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(maj, min, sub)) { \
+            ALOGW("Android V requires %d.%d kernel to be %d.%d.%d+.", maj, min, maj, min, sub); \
+            bad = true; \
+        }
+
+        REQUIRE(4, 19, 236)
+        REQUIRE(5, 4, 186)
+        REQUIRE(5, 10, 199)
+        REQUIRE(5, 15, 136)
+        REQUIRE(6, 1, 57)
+        REQUIRE(6, 6, 0)
+
+#undef REQUIRE
+
+        if (bad && !isGSI()) {
+            ALOGE("Unsupported kernel version (%07x).", kernelVersion());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) {
         /* Android 14/U should only launch on 64-bit kernels
          *   T launches on 5.10/5.15
          *   U launches on 5.15/6.1
@@ -202,24 +355,26 @@
          * and 32-bit userspace on 64-bit kernel bpf ringbuffer compatibility is broken.
          */
         ALOGE("64-bit userspace required on 6.2+ kernels.");
-        return 1;
+        if (!isTV()) return 1;
     }
 
     // Ensure we can determine the Android build type.
-    if (!android::bpf::isEng() && !android::bpf::isUser() && !android::bpf::isUserdebug()) {
+    if (!isEng() && !isUser() && !isUserdebug()) {
         ALOGE("Failed to determine the build type: got %s, want 'eng', 'user', or 'userdebug'",
-              android::bpf::getBuildType().c_str());
+              getBuildType().c_str());
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (isAtLeastU) {
+    if (isAtLeastV) {
         // Linux 5.16-rc1 changed the default to 2 (disabled but changeable),
         // but we need 0 (enabled)
         // (this writeFile is known to fail on at least 4.19, but always defaults to 0 on
         // pre-5.13, on 5.13+ it depends on CONFIG_BPF_UNPRIV_DEFAULT_OFF)
         if (writeProcSysFile("/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled", "0\n") &&
-            android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 13, 0)) return 1;
+            isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 13, 0)) return 1;
+    }
 
+    if (isAtLeastU) {
         // Enable the eBPF JIT -- but do note that on 64-bit kernels it is likely
         // already force enabled by the kernel config option BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON.
         // (Note: this (open) will fail with ENOENT 'No such file or directory' if
@@ -242,9 +397,22 @@
         if (createSysFsBpfSubDir(location.prefix)) return 1;
     }
 
+    // Note: there's no actual src dir for fs_bpf_loader .o's,
+    // so it is not listed in 'locations[].prefix'.
+    // This is because this is primarily meant for triggering genfscon rules,
+    // and as such this will likely always be the case.
+    // Thus we need to manually create the /sys/fs/bpf/loader subdirectory.
+    if (createSysFsBpfSubDir("loader")) return 1;
+
+    // Version of Network BpfLoader depends on the Android OS version
+    unsigned int bpfloader_ver = 42u;  // [42] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_VERSION
+    if (isAtLeastT) ++bpfloader_ver;   // [43] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
+    if (isAtLeastU) ++bpfloader_ver;   // [44] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION
+    if (isAtLeastV) ++bpfloader_ver;   // [45] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION
+
     // Load all ELF objects, create programs and maps, and pin them
     for (const auto& location : locations) {
-        if (loadAllElfObjects(location) != 0) {
+        if (loadAllElfObjects(bpfloader_ver, location) != 0) {
             ALOGE("=== CRITICAL FAILURE LOADING BPF PROGRAMS FROM %s ===", location.dir);
             ALOGE("If this triggers reliably, you're probably missing kernel options or patches.");
             ALOGE("If this triggers randomly, you might be hitting some memory allocation "
@@ -257,19 +425,41 @@
 
     int key = 1;
     int value = 123;
-    android::base::unique_fd map(
-            android::bpf::createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(key), sizeof(value), 2, 0));
-    if (android::bpf::writeToMapEntry(map, &key, &value, BPF_ANY)) {
+    base::unique_fd map(
+            createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(key), sizeof(value), 2, 0));
+    if (writeToMapEntry(map, &key, &value, BPF_ANY)) {
         ALOGE("Critical kernel bug - failure to write into index 1 of 2 element bpf map array.");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    ALOGI("done, transferring control to platform bpfloader.");
+    if (isAtLeastV) {
+        ALOGI("done, transferring control to platform bpfloader.");
 
-    const char * args[] = { "/system/bin/bpfloader", NULL, };
-    if (execve(args[0], (char**)args, envp)) {
-        ALOGE("FATAL: execve('/system/bin/bpfloader'): %d[%s]", errno, strerror(errno));
+        const char * args[] = { platformBpfLoader, NULL, };
+        execve(args[0], (char**)args, envp);
+        ALOGE("FATAL: execve('%s'): %d[%s]", platformBpfLoader, errno, strerror(errno));
+        return 1;
     }
 
-    return 1;
+    ALOGI("mainline done!");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace bpf
+}  // namespace android
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+
+    if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "done")) {
+        // we're being re-exec'ed from platform bpfloader to 'finalize' things
+        if (!android::base::SetProperty("bpf.progs_loaded", "1")) {
+            ALOGE("Failed to set bpf.progs_loaded property to 1.");
+            return 125;
+        }
+        ALOGI("success.");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return android::bpf::doLoad(argv, envp);
 }
diff --git a/netbpfload/loader.cpp b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
index c534b2c..289b4d7 100644
--- a/netbpfload/loader.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "NetBpfLoader"
+#define LOG_TAG "NetBpfLoad"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -31,24 +31,11 @@
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-// This is BpfLoader v0.41
-// WARNING: If you ever hit cherrypick conflicts here you're doing it wrong:
-// You are NOT allowed to cherrypick bpfloader related patches out of order.
-// (indeed: cherrypicking is probably a bad idea and you should merge instead)
-// Mainline supports ONLY the published versions of the bpfloader for each Android release.
-#define BPFLOADER_VERSION_MAJOR 0u
-#define BPFLOADER_VERSION_MINOR 41u
-#define BPFLOADER_VERSION ((BPFLOADER_VERSION_MAJOR << 16) | BPFLOADER_VERSION_MINOR)
-
 #include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
 #include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
 #include "bpf/bpf_map_def.h"
 #include "loader.h"
 
-#if BPFLOADER_VERSION < COMPILE_FOR_BPFLOADER_VERSION
-#error "BPFLOADER_VERSION is less than COMPILE_FOR_BPFLOADER_VERSION"
-#endif
-
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
@@ -413,9 +400,6 @@
                         size_t sizeOfBpfProgDef) {
     vector<char> pdData;
     int ret = readSectionByName("progs", elfFile, pdData);
-    // Older file formats do not require a 'progs' section at all.
-    // (We should probably figure out whether this is behaviour which is safe to remove now.)
-    if (ret == -2) return 0;
     if (ret) return ret;
 
     if (pdData.size() % sizeOfBpfProgDef) {
@@ -528,7 +512,7 @@
 
         ret = readSectionByIdx(elfFile, i, cs_temp.data);
         if (ret) return ret;
-        ALOGD("Loaded code section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
+        ALOGV("Loaded code section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
 
         vector<string> csSymNames;
         ret = getSectionSymNames(elfFile, oldName, csSymNames, STT_FUNC);
@@ -548,13 +532,13 @@
             if (name == (".rel" + oldName)) {
                 ret = readSectionByIdx(elfFile, i + 1, cs_temp.rel_data);
                 if (ret) return ret;
-                ALOGD("Loaded relo section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
+                ALOGV("Loaded relo section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
             }
         }
 
         if (cs_temp.data.size() > 0) {
             cs.push_back(std::move(cs_temp));
-            ALOGD("Adding section %d to cs list", i);
+            ALOGV("Adding section %d to cs list", i);
         }
     }
     return 0;
@@ -574,6 +558,14 @@
 
 static bool mapMatchesExpectations(const unique_fd& fd, const string& mapName,
                                    const struct bpf_map_def& mapDef, const enum bpf_map_type type) {
+    // bpfGetFd... family of functions require at minimum a 4.14 kernel,
+    // so on 4.9-T kernels just pretend the map matches our expectations.
+    // Additionally we'll get almost equivalent test coverage on newer devices/kernels.
+    // This is because the primary failure mode we're trying to detect here
+    // is either a source code misconfiguration (which is likely kernel independent)
+    // or a newly introduced kernel feature/bug (which is unlikely to get backported to 4.9).
+    if (!isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) return true;
+
     // Assuming fd is a valid Bpf Map file descriptor then
     // all the following should always succeed on a 4.14+ kernel.
     // If they somehow do fail, they'll return -1 (and set errno),
@@ -621,7 +613,8 @@
 }
 
 static int createMaps(const char* elfPath, ifstream& elfFile, vector<unique_fd>& mapFds,
-                      const char* prefix, const size_t sizeOfBpfMapDef) {
+                      const char* prefix, const size_t sizeOfBpfMapDef,
+                      const unsigned int bpfloader_ver) {
     int ret;
     vector<char> mdData;
     vector<struct bpf_map_def> md;
@@ -663,14 +656,14 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)mapNames.size(); i++) {
         if (md[i].zero != 0) abort();
 
-        if (BPFLOADER_VERSION < md[i].bpfloader_min_ver) {
+        if (bpfloader_ver < md[i].bpfloader_min_ver) {
             ALOGI("skipping map %s which requires bpfloader min ver 0x%05x", mapNames[i].c_str(),
                   md[i].bpfloader_min_ver);
             mapFds.push_back(unique_fd());
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (BPFLOADER_VERSION >= md[i].bpfloader_max_ver) {
+        if (bpfloader_ver >= md[i].bpfloader_max_ver) {
             ALOGI("skipping map %s which requires bpfloader max ver 0x%05x", mapNames[i].c_str(),
                   md[i].bpfloader_max_ver);
             mapFds.push_back(unique_fd());
@@ -711,6 +704,16 @@
         }
 
         enum bpf_map_type type = md[i].type;
+        if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+            // On Linux Kernels older than 4.14 this map type doesn't exist, but it can kind
+            // of be approximated: ARRAY has the same userspace api, though it is not usable
+            // by the same ebpf programs.  However, that's okay because the bpf_redirect_map()
+            // helper doesn't exist on 4.9-T anyway (so the bpf program would fail to load,
+            // and thus needs to be tagged as 4.14+ either way), so there's nothing useful you
+            // could do with a DEVMAP anyway (that isn't already provided by an ARRAY)...
+            // Hence using an ARRAY instead of a DEVMAP simply makes life easier for userspace.
+            type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY;
+        }
         if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
             // On Linux Kernels older than 5.4 this map type doesn't exist, but it can kind
             // of be approximated: HASH has the same userspace visible api.
@@ -733,15 +736,15 @@
         domain selinux_context = getDomainFromSelinuxContext(md[i].selinux_context);
         if (specified(selinux_context)) {
             ALOGI("map %s selinux_context [%-32s] -> %d -> '%s' (%s)", mapNames[i].c_str(),
-                  md[i].selinux_context, selinux_context, lookupSelinuxContext(selinux_context),
-                  lookupPinSubdir(selinux_context));
+                  md[i].selinux_context, static_cast<int>(selinux_context),
+                  lookupSelinuxContext(selinux_context), lookupPinSubdir(selinux_context));
         }
 
         domain pin_subdir = getDomainFromPinSubdir(md[i].pin_subdir);
         if (unrecognized(pin_subdir)) return -ENOTDIR;
         if (specified(pin_subdir)) {
             ALOGI("map %s pin_subdir [%-32s] -> %d -> '%s'", mapNames[i].c_str(), md[i].pin_subdir,
-                  pin_subdir, lookupPinSubdir(pin_subdir));
+                  static_cast<int>(pin_subdir), lookupPinSubdir(pin_subdir));
         }
 
         // Format of pin location is /sys/fs/bpf/<pin_subdir|prefix>map_<objName>_<mapName>
@@ -766,7 +769,8 @@
               .max_entries = max_entries,
               .map_flags = md[i].map_flags,
             };
-            strlcpy(req.map_name, mapNames[i].c_str(), sizeof(req.map_name));
+            if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 15, 0))
+                strlcpy(req.map_name, mapNames[i].c_str(), sizeof(req.map_name));
             fd.reset(bpf(BPF_MAP_CREATE, req));
             saved_errno = errno;
             ALOGD("bpf_create_map name %s, ret: %d", mapNames[i].c_str(), fd.get());
@@ -865,7 +869,7 @@
 
     // Occasionally might be useful for relocation debugging, but pretty spammy
     if (0) {
-        ALOGD("applying relo to instruction at byte offset: %llu, "
+        ALOGV("applying relo to instruction at byte offset: %llu, "
               "insn offset %d, insn %llx",
               (unsigned long long)offset, insnIndex, *(unsigned long long*)insn);
     }
@@ -910,7 +914,7 @@
 }
 
 static int loadCodeSections(const char* elfPath, vector<codeSection>& cs, const string& license,
-                            const char* prefix) {
+                            const char* prefix, const unsigned int bpfloader_ver) {
     unsigned kvers = kernelVersion();
 
     if (!kvers) {
@@ -946,8 +950,8 @@
 
         ALOGD("cs[%d].name:%s requires bpfloader version [0x%05x,0x%05x)", i, name.c_str(),
               bpfMinVer, bpfMaxVer);
-        if (BPFLOADER_VERSION < bpfMinVer) continue;
-        if (BPFLOADER_VERSION >= bpfMaxVer) continue;
+        if (bpfloader_ver < bpfMinVer) continue;
+        if (bpfloader_ver >= bpfMaxVer) continue;
 
         if ((cs[i].prog_def->ignore_on_eng && isEng()) ||
             (cs[i].prog_def->ignore_on_user && isUser()) ||
@@ -970,13 +974,14 @@
 
         if (specified(selinux_context)) {
             ALOGI("prog %s selinux_context [%-32s] -> %d -> '%s' (%s)", name.c_str(),
-                  cs[i].prog_def->selinux_context, selinux_context,
+                  cs[i].prog_def->selinux_context, static_cast<int>(selinux_context),
                   lookupSelinuxContext(selinux_context), lookupPinSubdir(selinux_context));
         }
 
         if (specified(pin_subdir)) {
             ALOGI("prog %s pin_subdir [%-32s] -> %d -> '%s'", name.c_str(),
-                  cs[i].prog_def->pin_subdir, pin_subdir, lookupPinSubdir(pin_subdir));
+                  cs[i].prog_def->pin_subdir, static_cast<int>(pin_subdir),
+                  lookupPinSubdir(pin_subdir));
         }
 
         // strip any potential $foo suffix
@@ -1008,7 +1013,8 @@
               .log_size = static_cast<__u32>(log_buf.size()),
               .expected_attach_type = cs[i].expected_attach_type,
             };
-            strlcpy(req.prog_name, cs[i].name.c_str(), sizeof(req.prog_name));
+            if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 15, 0))
+                strlcpy(req.prog_name, cs[i].name.c_str(), sizeof(req.prog_name));
             fd.reset(bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD, req));
 
             ALOGD("BPF_PROG_LOAD call for %s (%s) returned fd: %d (%s)", elfPath,
@@ -1082,7 +1088,8 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical, const Location& location) {
+int loadProg(const char* const elfPath, bool* const isCritical, const unsigned int bpfloader_ver,
+             const Location& location) {
     vector<char> license;
     vector<char> critical;
     vector<codeSection> cs;
@@ -1121,27 +1128,27 @@
             readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, DEFAULT_SIZEOF_BPF_PROG_DEF);
 
     // inclusive lower bound check
-    if (BPFLOADER_VERSION < bpfLoaderMinVer) {
+    if (bpfloader_ver < bpfLoaderMinVer) {
         ALOGI("BpfLoader version 0x%05x ignoring ELF object %s with min ver 0x%05x",
-              BPFLOADER_VERSION, elfPath, bpfLoaderMinVer);
+              bpfloader_ver, elfPath, bpfLoaderMinVer);
         return 0;
     }
 
     // exclusive upper bound check
-    if (BPFLOADER_VERSION >= bpfLoaderMaxVer) {
+    if (bpfloader_ver >= bpfLoaderMaxVer) {
         ALOGI("BpfLoader version 0x%05x ignoring ELF object %s with max ver 0x%05x",
-              BPFLOADER_VERSION, elfPath, bpfLoaderMaxVer);
+              bpfloader_ver, elfPath, bpfLoaderMaxVer);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (BPFLOADER_VERSION < bpfLoaderMinRequiredVer) {
+    if (bpfloader_ver < bpfLoaderMinRequiredVer) {
         ALOGI("BpfLoader version 0x%05x failing due to ELF object %s with required min ver 0x%05x",
-              BPFLOADER_VERSION, elfPath, bpfLoaderMinRequiredVer);
+              bpfloader_ver, elfPath, bpfLoaderMinRequiredVer);
         return -1;
     }
 
     ALOGI("BpfLoader version 0x%05x processing ELF object %s with ver [0x%05x,0x%05x)",
-          BPFLOADER_VERSION, elfPath, bpfLoaderMinVer, bpfLoaderMaxVer);
+          bpfloader_ver, elfPath, bpfLoaderMinVer, bpfLoaderMaxVer);
 
     if (sizeOfBpfMapDef < DEFAULT_SIZEOF_BPF_MAP_DEF) {
         ALOGE("sizeof(bpf_map_def) of %zu is too small (< %d)", sizeOfBpfMapDef,
@@ -1164,18 +1171,18 @@
     /* Just for future debugging */
     if (0) dumpAllCs(cs);
 
-    ret = createMaps(elfPath, elfFile, mapFds, location.prefix, sizeOfBpfMapDef);
+    ret = createMaps(elfPath, elfFile, mapFds, location.prefix, sizeOfBpfMapDef, bpfloader_ver);
     if (ret) {
         ALOGE("Failed to create maps: (ret=%d) in %s", ret, elfPath);
         return ret;
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)mapFds.size(); i++)
-        ALOGD("map_fd found at %d is %d in %s", i, mapFds[i].get(), elfPath);
+        ALOGV("map_fd found at %d is %d in %s", i, mapFds[i].get(), elfPath);
 
     applyMapRelo(elfFile, mapFds, cs);
 
-    ret = loadCodeSections(elfPath, cs, string(license.data()), location.prefix);
+    ret = loadCodeSections(elfPath, cs, string(license.data()), location.prefix, bpfloader_ver);
     if (ret) ALOGE("Failed to load programs, loadCodeSections ret=%d", ret);
 
     return ret;
diff --git a/netbpfload/loader.h b/netbpfload/loader.h
index b884637..4da6830 100644
--- a/netbpfload/loader.h
+++ b/netbpfload/loader.h
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
 };
 
 // BPF loader implementation. Loads an eBPF ELF object
-int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical, const Location &location = {});
+int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical, const unsigned int bpfloader_ver,
+             const Location &location = {});
 
 // Exposed for testing
 unsigned int readSectionUint(const char* name, std::ifstream& elfFile, unsigned int defVal);
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.35rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.35rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fbcb5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netbpfload/netbpfload.35rc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+service bpfloader /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload
+    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
+    group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
+    user root
+    file /dev/kmsg w
+    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
+    oneshot
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
+    override
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.mainline.rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.mainline.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d38a503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netbpfload/netbpfload.mainline.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+service mdnsd_loadbpf /system/bin/bpfloader
+    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
+    group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
+    user root
+    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
+    oneshot
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
+
+service bpfloader /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload
+    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
+    group system root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw
+    user system
+    file /dev/kmsg w
+    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
+    oneshot
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
+    override
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
index 14181dc..e1af47f 100644
--- a/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+++ b/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
@@ -17,15 +17,18 @@
 on load_bpf_programs
     exec_start bpfloader
 
-service bpfloader /system/bin/netbpfload
+# Note: This will actually execute /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload
+# by virtue of 'service bpfloader' being overridden by the apex shipped .rc
+# Warning: most of the below settings are irrelevant unless the apex is missing.
+service bpfloader /system/bin/false
     # netbpfload will do network bpf loading, then execute /system/bin/bpfloader
-    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
+    #! capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
     # The following group memberships are a workaround for lack of DAC_OVERRIDE
     # and allow us to open (among other things) files that we created and are
     # no longer root owned (due to CHOWN) but still have group read access to
     # one of the following groups.  This is not perfect, but a more correct
     # solution requires significantly more effort to implement.
-    group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
+    #! group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
     user root
     #
     # Set RLIMIT_MEMLOCK to 1GiB for bpfloader
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@
     #
     # As such we simply use 1GiB as a reasonable approximation of infinity.
     #
-    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
+    #! rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
     oneshot
     #
     # How to debug bootloops caused by 'bpfloader-failed'.
@@ -81,6 +84,5 @@
     #    'cannot prove return value is 0 or 1' or 'unsupported / unknown operation / helper',
     #    'invalid bpf_context access', etc.
     #
-    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
-    # we're not really updatable, but want to be able to load bpf programs shipped in apexes
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,netbpfload-missing
     updatable
diff --git a/netd/Android.bp b/netd/Android.bp
index 4325d89..fe4d999 100644
--- a/netd/Android.bp
+++ b/netd/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -58,21 +59,26 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "netd_updatable_unit_test",
     defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
     test_config_template: ":net_native_test_config_template",
-    require_root: true,  // required by setrlimitForTest()
+    require_root: true, // required by setrlimitForTest()
     header_libs: [
         "bpf_connectivity_headers",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "BpfHandlerTest.cpp",
-        "BpfBaseTest.cpp"
+        "BpfBaseTest.cpp",
     ],
+    version_script: ":connectivity_mainline_test_map",
+    stl: "libc++_static",
     static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
         "libnetd_updatable",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
         "libcutils",
         "liblog",
         "libnetdutils",
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index a7a4059..91fec90 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "BpfHandler"
+#define LOG_TAG "NetdUpdatable"
 
 #include "BpfHandler.h"
 
@@ -53,14 +53,10 @@
                                     bpf_attach_type type) {
     unique_fd cgroupProg(retrieveProgram(programPath));
     if (!cgroupProg.ok()) {
-        const int err = errno;
-        ALOGE("Failed to get program from %s: %s", programPath, strerror(err));
-        return statusFromErrno(err, "cgroup program get failed");
+        return statusFromErrno(errno, fmt::format("Failed to get program from {}", programPath));
     }
     if (android::bpf::attachProgram(type, cgroupProg, cgroupFd)) {
-        const int err = errno;
-        ALOGE("Program from %s attach failed: %s", programPath, strerror(err));
-        return statusFromErrno(err, "program attach failed");
+        return statusFromErrno(errno, fmt::format("Program {} attach failed", programPath));
     }
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
@@ -68,31 +64,39 @@
 static Status checkProgramAccessible(const char* programPath) {
     unique_fd prog(retrieveProgram(programPath));
     if (!prog.ok()) {
-        const int err = errno;
-        ALOGE("Failed to get program from %s: %s", programPath, strerror(err));
-        return statusFromErrno(err, "program retrieve failed");
+        return statusFromErrno(errno, fmt::format("Failed to get program from {}", programPath));
     }
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
 
 static Status initPrograms(const char* cg2_path) {
+    if (!cg2_path) return Status("cg2_path is NULL");
+
     // This code was mainlined in T, so this should be trivially satisfied.
-    if (!modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) abort();
+    if (!modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) return Status("S- platform is unsupported");
 
     // S requires eBPF support which was only added in 4.9, so this should be satisfied.
-    if (!bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0)) abort();
+    if (!bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0)) {
+        return Status("kernel version < 4.9.0 is unsupported");
+    }
 
     // U bumps the kernel requirement up to 4.14
-    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU() && !bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) abort();
+    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU() && !bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+        return Status("U+ platform with kernel version < 4.14.0 is unsupported");
+    }
 
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
         // V bumps the kernel requirement up to 4.19
         // see also: //system/netd/tests/kernel_test.cpp TestKernel419
-        if (!bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) abort();
+        if (!bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+            return Status("V+ platform with kernel version < 4.19.0 is unsupported");
+        }
 
         // Technically already required by U, but only enforce on V+
         // see also: //system/netd/tests/kernel_test.cpp TestKernel64Bit
-        if (bpf::isKernel32Bit() && bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 16, 0)) abort();
+        if (bpf::isKernel32Bit() && bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 16, 0)) {
+            return Status("V+ platform with 32 bit kernel, version >= 5.16.0 is unsupported");
+        }
     }
 
     // Linux 6.1 is highest version supported by U, starting with V new kernels,
@@ -102,10 +106,14 @@
     // it does not affect unprivileged apps, the 32-on-64 compatibility
     // problems are AFAIK limited to various CAP_NET_ADMIN protected interfaces.
     // see also: //system/bpf/bpfloader/BpfLoader.cpp main()
-    if (bpf::isUserspace32bit() && bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) abort();
+    if (bpf::isUserspace32bit() && bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) {
+        return Status("32 bit userspace with Kernel version >= 6.2.0 is unsupported");
+    }
 
     // U mandates this mount point (though it should also be the case on T)
-    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU() && !!strcmp(cg2_path, "/sys/fs/cgroup")) abort();
+    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU() && !!strcmp(cg2_path, "/sys/fs/cgroup")) {
+        return Status("U+ platform with cg2_path != /sys/fs/cgroup is unsupported");
+    }
 
     unique_fd cg_fd(open(cg2_path, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (!cg_fd.ok()) {
@@ -157,9 +165,39 @@
 BpfHandler::BpfHandler(uint32_t perUidLimit, uint32_t totalLimit)
     : mPerUidStatsEntriesLimit(perUidLimit), mTotalUidStatsEntriesLimit(totalLimit) {}
 
+// copied with minor changes from waitForProgsLoaded()
+// p/m/C's staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/WaitForProgsLoaded.h
+static inline void waitForNetProgsLoaded() {
+    // infinite loop until success with 5/10/20/40/60/60/60... delay
+    for (int delay = 5;; delay *= 2) {
+        if (delay > 60) delay = 60;
+        if (base::WaitForProperty("init.svc.bpfloader", "stopped", std::chrono::seconds(delay))
+            && !access("/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared", F_OK))
+            return;
+        ALOGW("Waited %ds for init.svc.bpfloader=stopped, still waiting...", delay);
+    }
+}
+
 Status BpfHandler::init(const char* cg2_path) {
-    // Make sure BPF programs are loaded before doing anything
-    android::bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
+    if (base::GetProperty("bpf.progs_loaded", "") != "1") {
+        // Make sure BPF programs are loaded before doing anything
+        ALOGI("Waiting for BPF programs");
+
+        // TODO: use !modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() once api finalized
+        if (android_get_device_api_level() < __ANDROID_API_V__) {
+            waitForNetProgsLoaded();
+            ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
+
+            if (!base::SetProperty("ctl.start", "mdnsd_loadbpf")) {
+                ALOGE("Failed to set property ctl.start=mdnsd_loadbpf, see dmesg for reason.");
+                abort();
+            }
+
+            ALOGI("Waiting for remaining BPF programs");
+        }
+
+        android::bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
+    }
     ALOGI("BPF programs are loaded");
 
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initPrograms(cg2_path));
diff --git a/netd/NetdUpdatable.cpp b/netd/NetdUpdatable.cpp
index 41b1fdb..3b15916 100644
--- a/netd/NetdUpdatable.cpp
+++ b/netd/NetdUpdatable.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 
     android::netdutils::Status ret = sBpfHandler.init(cg2_path);
     if (!android::netdutils::isOk(ret)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": BPF handler init failed";
-        return -ret.code();
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Failed: (" << ret.code() << ") " << ret.msg();
+        abort();
     }
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/remoteauth/framework/Android.bp b/remoteauth/framework/Android.bp
index 71b621a..2f1737f 100644
--- a/remoteauth/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/remoteauth/framework/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/Android.bp b/remoteauth/service/Android.bp
index 98ed2b2..32ae54f 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/Android.bp
+++ b/remoteauth/service/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "framework-bluetooth",
+        "framework-connectivity",
         "error_prone_annotations",
         "framework-configinfrastructure",
         "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectionInfo.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectionInfo.java
index 8bfdd36..d2a828c 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectionInfo.java
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectionInfo.java
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@
 // TODO(b/295407748): Change to use @DataClass.
 // TODO(b/296625303): Change to VANILLA_ICE_CREAM when AssociationInfo is available in V.
 @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-public final class CdmConnectionInfo extends ConnectionInfo {
+public final class CdmConnectionInfo extends ConnectionInfo<AssociationInfo> {
     @NonNull private final AssociationInfo mAssociationInfo;
 
     public CdmConnectionInfo(int connectionId, @NonNull AssociationInfo associationInfo) {
-       super(connectionId);
+        super(connectionId);
         mAssociationInfo = associationInfo;
     }
 
@@ -78,10 +78,6 @@
         out.writeTypedObject(mAssociationInfo, 0);
     }
 
-    public AssociationInfo getAssociationInfo() {
-        return mAssociationInfo;
-    }
-
     /** Returns a string representation of ConnectionInfo. */
     @Override
     public String toString() {
@@ -98,11 +94,16 @@
         }
 
         CdmConnectionInfo other = (CdmConnectionInfo) o;
-        return mAssociationInfo.equals(other.getAssociationInfo());
+        return super.equals(o) && mAssociationInfo.equals(other.getConnectionParams());
     }
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
         return Objects.hash(mAssociationInfo);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public AssociationInfo getConnectionParams() {
+        return mAssociationInfo;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectivityManager.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectivityManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49745c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectivityManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.remoteauth.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.remoteauth.connectivity.DiscoveryFilter.DeviceType;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.companion.AssociationInfo;
+import android.companion.AssociationRequest;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+
+/**
+ * Discovers devices associated with the companion device manager.
+ *
+ * TODO(b/296625303): Change to VANILLA_ICE_CREAM when AssociationInfo is available in V.
+ */
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+public class CdmConnectivityManager implements ConnectivityManager {
+    private static final String TAG = "CdmConnectivityManager";
+
+    private final CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper;
+
+    private ExecutorService mExecutor;
+    private Map<DiscoveredDeviceReceiver, Future> mPendingDiscoveryCallbacks =
+            new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    public CdmConnectivityManager(
+            @NonNull ExecutorService executor,
+            @NonNull CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper companionDeviceManagerWrapper) {
+        mExecutor = executor;
+        mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper = companionDeviceManagerWrapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs associated discovery callbacks for discovered devices.
+     *
+     * @param discoveredDeviceReceiver callback.
+     * @param device discovered device.
+     */
+    private void notifyOnDiscovered(
+            @NonNull DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver,
+            @NonNull DiscoveredDevice device) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(device);
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Notifying discovered device");
+        discoveredDeviceReceiver.onDiscovered(device);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Posts an async task to discover CDM associations and run callback if device is discovered.
+     *
+     * @param discoveryFilter filter for association.
+     * @param discoveredDeviceReceiver callback.
+     */
+    private void startDiscoveryAsync(@NonNull DiscoveryFilter discoveryFilter,
+            @NonNull DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(discoveryFilter);
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        List<AssociationInfo> associations = mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getAllAssociations();
+        Log.i(TAG, "Found associations: " + associations.size());
+        for (AssociationInfo association : associations) {
+            String deviceProfile = getDeviceProfileFromType(discoveryFilter.getDeviceType());
+            // TODO(b/297574984): Include device presence signal before notifying discovery result.
+            if (mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getDeviceProfile(association)
+                    .equals(deviceProfile)) {
+                notifyOnDiscovered(
+                        discoveredDeviceReceiver,
+                        createDiscoveredDeviceFromAssociation(association));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the device profile from association info.
+     *
+     * @param deviceType Discovery filter device type.
+     * @return Device profile string defined in {@link AssociationRequest}.
+     * @throws AssertionError if type cannot be mapped.
+     */
+    private String getDeviceProfileFromType(@DeviceType int deviceType) {
+        if (deviceType == DiscoveryFilter.WATCH) {
+            return AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_WATCH;
+        } else {
+            // Should not reach here.
+            throw new AssertionError(deviceType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates discovered device from association info.
+     *
+     * @param info Association info.
+     * @return discovered device object.
+     */
+    private @NonNull DiscoveredDevice createDiscoveredDeviceFromAssociation(
+            @NonNull AssociationInfo info) {
+        return new DiscoveredDevice(
+                new CdmConnectionInfo(info.getId(), info),
+                info.getDisplayName() == null ? "" : info.getDisplayName().toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Triggers the discovery for CDM associations.
+     *
+     * Runs discovery only if a callback has not been previously registered.
+     *
+     * @param discoveryFilter filter for associations.
+     * @param discoveredDeviceReceiver callback to be run on discovery result.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void startDiscovery(
+            @NonNull DiscoveryFilter discoveryFilter,
+            @NonNull DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper);
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(discoveryFilter);
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        try {
+            mPendingDiscoveryCallbacks.computeIfAbsent(
+                    discoveredDeviceReceiver,
+                    discoveryFuture -> mExecutor.submit(
+                        () -> startDiscoveryAsync(discoveryFilter, discoveryFuture),
+                        /* result= */ null));
+        } catch (RejectedExecutionException | NullPointerException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start async discovery: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Stops discovery. */
+    @Override
+    public void stopDiscovery(
+            @NonNull DiscoveryFilter discoveryFilter,
+            @NonNull DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(discoveryFilter);
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        Future<Void> discoveryFuture = mPendingDiscoveryCallbacks.remove(discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+        if (null != discoveryFuture && !discoveryFuture.cancel(/* mayInterruptIfRunning= */ true)) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Discovery was possibly completed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public Connection connect(@NonNull ConnectionInfo connectionInfo,
+            @NonNull EventListener eventListener) {
+        // Not implemented.
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startListening(MessageReceiver messageReceiver) {
+        // Not implemented.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stopListening(MessageReceiver messageReceiver) {
+        // Not implemented.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the callback is already registered and pending.
+     *
+     * @param discoveredDeviceReceiver callback
+     * @return true if the callback is pending, false otherwise.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasPendingCallbacks(@NonNull DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver) {
+        return mPendingDiscoveryCallbacks.containsKey(discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaf3edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.remoteauth.connectivity;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.companion.AssociationInfo;
+import android.companion.CompanionDeviceManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Wraps {@link android.companion.CompanionDeviceManager} for easier testing. */
+// TODO(b/296625303): Change to VANILLA_ICE_CREAM when AssociationInfo is available in V.
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+public class CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper {
+    private static final String TAG = "CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper";
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private CompanionDeviceManager mCompanionDeviceManager;
+
+    public CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper(@NonNull Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns device profile string from the association info.
+     *
+     * @param associationInfo the association info.
+     * @return String indicating device profile
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getDeviceProfile(@NonNull AssociationInfo associationInfo) {
+        return associationInfo.getDeviceProfile();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all associations.
+     *
+     * @return associations or null if no associated devices present.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public List<AssociationInfo> getAllAssociations() {
+        if (mCompanionDeviceManager == null) {
+            try {
+                mCompanionDeviceManager = mContext.getSystemService(CompanionDeviceManager.class);
+            } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "CompanionDeviceManager service does not exist: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return mCompanionDeviceManager.getAllAssociations();
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get CompanionDeviceManager associations: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/Connection.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/Connection.java
index eb5458d..dca8b9f 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/Connection.java
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/Connection.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
  * A connection with the peer device.
  *
  * <p>Connections are used to exchange data with the peer device.
- *
  */
 public interface Connection {
     /** Unknown error. */
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectionInfo.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectionInfo.java
index 39bfa8d..6e0edb4 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectionInfo.java
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectionInfo.java
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@
  * <p>Connection information captures the details of underlying connection such as connection id,
  * type of connection and peer device mac address.
  *
+ * @param <T> connection params per connection type.
  */
 // TODO(b/295407748) Change to use @DataClass.
-public abstract class ConnectionInfo implements Parcelable {
+public abstract class ConnectionInfo<T> implements Parcelable {
     int mConnectionId;
 
     public ConnectionInfo(int connectionId) {
@@ -85,4 +86,9 @@
     public int hashCode() {
         return Objects.hash(mConnectionId);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns connection related parameters.
+     */
+    public abstract T getConnectionParams();
 }
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManager.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManager.java
index bc0d77e..7b30285 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 
-/**
- * Performs discovery and triggers a connection to an associated device.
- */
+/** Performs discovery and triggers a connection to an associated device. */
 public interface ConnectivityManager {
     /**
      * Starts device discovery.
@@ -63,8 +61,12 @@
 
     /** Reason codes for connect failure. */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
-    @IntDef({ERROR_REASON_UNKNOWN, ERROR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT, ERROR_CONNECTION_REFUSED,
-            ERROR_DEVICE_UNAVAILABLE})
+    @IntDef({
+        ERROR_REASON_UNKNOWN,
+        ERROR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT,
+        ERROR_CONNECTION_REFUSED,
+        ERROR_DEVICE_UNAVAILABLE
+    })
     @interface ReasonCode {}
 
     /**
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManagerFactory.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManagerFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3407fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManagerFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.remoteauth.connectivity;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
+
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+/**
+ * Factory class to create different types of connectivity managers based on the underlying
+ * network transports (for example CompanionDeviceManager).
+ */
+public final class ConnectivityManagerFactory {
+    private static final ExecutorService EXECUTOR = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates and returns a ConnectivityManager object depending on connection type.
+     *
+     * @param context of the caller.
+     * @return ConnectivityManager object.
+     */
+    public static ConnectivityManager getConnectivityManager(@NonNull Context context) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(context);
+
+        // For now, we only have one case, but ideally this should create a new type based on some
+        // feature flag.
+        return new CdmConnectivityManager(EXECUTOR, new CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper(
+                new WeakReference<>(context.getApplicationContext()).get()));
+    }
+
+    private ConnectivityManagerFactory() {}
+}
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveredDevice.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveredDevice.java
index a3e1e58..8cad3eb 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveredDevice.java
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveredDevice.java
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
     private @NonNull ConnectionInfo mConnectionInfo;
     private @Nullable String mDisplayName;
 
-    public DiscoveredDevice(
-            @NonNull ConnectionInfo connectionInfo, @Nullable String displayName) {
+    public DiscoveredDevice(@NonNull ConnectionInfo connectionInfo, @Nullable String displayName) {
         this.mConnectionInfo = connectionInfo;
         this.mDisplayName = displayName;
     }
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveryFilter.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveryFilter.java
index 36c4b60..3590f20 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveryFilter.java
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/DiscoveryFilter.java
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
  * the filter criteria (device type, name or peer address).
  */
 public final class DiscoveryFilter {
-
     /** Device type WATCH. */
     public static final int WATCH = 0;
 
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@
         private Builder() {}
 
         /** Static method to create a new builder */
-        public static Builder newInstance() {
+        public static Builder builder() {
             return new Builder();
         }
 
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/EventListener.java b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/EventListener.java
index 8ec851a..eaf57e0 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/EventListener.java
+++ b/remoteauth/service/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/EventListener.java
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 
-/**
- * Listens to the events from underlying transport.
- */
+/** Listens to the events from underlying transport. */
 public interface EventListener {
     /** Called when remote device is disconnected from the underlying transport. */
     void onDisconnect(@NonNull ConnectionInfo connectionInfo);
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp b/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp
index a95a8fb..fc91e0c 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
     srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
     rustlibs: [
         "libbinder_rs",
-        "libjni",
+        "libjni_legacy",
         "liblazy_static",
         "liblog_rust",
         "liblogger",
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs
index 0a189f2..421fe7e 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs
+++ b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
         logger::init(
             logger::Config::default()
                 .with_tag_on_device("remoteauth")
-                .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace)
+                .with_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Trace)
                 .with_filter("trace,jni=info"),
         );
     }
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_protocol.rs b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_protocol.rs
index ac2eb8c..e44ab8b 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_protocol.rs
+++ b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_protocol.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     logger::init(
         logger::Config::default()
             .with_tag_on_device("remoteauth")
-            .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace)
+            .with_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Trace)
             .with_filter("trace,jni=info"),
     );
     get_boolean_result(native_init(env), "native_init")
diff --git a/remoteauth/tests/unit/Android.bp b/remoteauth/tests/unit/Android.bp
index a21c033..47b9e31 100644
--- a/remoteauth/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/remoteauth/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -32,17 +33,20 @@
         "android.test.base",
         "android.test.mock",
         "android.test.runner",
+        "framework-annotations-lib",
     ],
     compile_multilib: "both",
 
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.ext.junit",
+        "androidx.test.ext.truth",
         "androidx.test.rules",
         "com.uwb.support.generic",
         "framework-remoteauth-static",
         "junit",
         "libprotobuf-java-lite",
         "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
+        "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
         "platform-test-annotations",
         "service-remoteauth-pre-jarjar",
         "truth",
diff --git a/remoteauth/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml b/remoteauth/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
index 0449409..a5294c8 100644
--- a/remoteauth/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/remoteauth/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -31,5 +31,6 @@
     <instrumentation
         android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
         android:targetPackage="android.remoteauth.test"
-        android:label="RemoteAuth Mainline Module Tests" />
+        android:label="RemoteAuth Mainline Module Tests"
+        android:directBootAware="true"/>
 </manifest>
diff --git a/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectivityManagerTest.java b/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectivityManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..824344a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/CdmConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.remoteauth.connectivity;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.companion.AssociationInfo;
+import android.companion.AssociationRequest;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.SettableFuture;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnit;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoRule;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link CdmConnectivityManager}. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class CdmConnectivityManagerTest {
+    @Rule public final MockitoRule mocks = MockitoJUnit.rule();
+
+    @Mock CompanionDeviceManagerWrapper mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper;
+
+    private CdmConnectivityManager mCdmConnectivityManager;
+    private ExecutorService mTestExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        mCdmConnectivityManager =
+                new CdmConnectivityManager(mTestExecutor, mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        mTestExecutor.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartDiscovery_callsGetAllAssociationsOnce() throws InterruptedException {
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), Utils.getFakeDiscoveredDeviceReceiver());
+
+        mTestExecutor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(1)).getAllAssociations();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartDiscovery_fetchesNoAssociations() {
+        SettableFuture<Boolean> future = SettableFuture.create();
+
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getAllAssociations())
+                .thenReturn(Utils.getFakeAssociationInfoList(0));
+
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future.set(true);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onLost(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future.set(true);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        assertThat(future.isDone()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartDiscovery_DoesNotReturnNonWatchAssociations() throws InterruptedException {
+        SettableFuture<Boolean> future = SettableFuture.create();
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future.set(true);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onLost(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future.set(true);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class)))
+                .thenReturn(Utils.FAKE_DEVICE_PROFILE);
+
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        mTestExecutor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(1)).getAllAssociations();
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(0))
+                .getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class));
+        assertThat(future.isDone()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartDiscovery_returnsOneWatchAssociation() throws InterruptedException {
+        SettableFuture<Boolean> future = SettableFuture.create();
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future.set(true);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getAllAssociations())
+                .thenReturn(Utils.getFakeAssociationInfoList(1));
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class)))
+                .thenReturn(AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_WATCH);
+
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        mTestExecutor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(1)).getAllAssociations();
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(1))
+                .getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class));
+        assertThat(future.isDone()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartDiscovery_returnsMultipleWatchAssociations() throws InterruptedException {
+        int numAssociations = 3;
+        SettableFuture<Boolean> future = SettableFuture.create();
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    int mNumCallbacks = 0;
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        ++mNumCallbacks;
+                        if (mNumCallbacks == numAssociations) {
+                            future.set(true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getAllAssociations())
+                .thenReturn(Utils.getFakeAssociationInfoList(numAssociations));
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class)))
+                .thenReturn(AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_WATCH);
+
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        mTestExecutor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(1)).getAllAssociations();
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(numAssociations))
+                .getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class));
+        assertThat(future.isDone()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleStartDiscovery_runsAllCallbacks() throws InterruptedException {
+        SettableFuture<Boolean> future1 = SettableFuture.create();
+        SettableFuture<Boolean> future2 = SettableFuture.create();
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver1 =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future1.set(true);
+                    }
+                };
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver2 =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future2.set(true);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getAllAssociations())
+                .thenReturn(Utils.getFakeAssociationInfoList(1));
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class)))
+                .thenReturn(AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_WATCH);
+
+        // Start discovery twice with different callbacks.
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), discoveredDeviceReceiver1);
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), discoveredDeviceReceiver2);
+
+        mTestExecutor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(2)).getAllAssociations();
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(2))
+                .getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class));
+        assertThat(future1.isDone()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(future2.isDone()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartDiscovery_returnsExpectedDiscoveredDevice() throws InterruptedException {
+        SettableFuture<Boolean> future = SettableFuture.create();
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice device) {
+                        assertThat(device.getConnectionInfo() instanceof CdmConnectionInfo)
+                                .isTrue();
+
+                        CdmConnectionInfo connectionInfo =
+                                (CdmConnectionInfo) device.getConnectionInfo();
+                        if (connectionInfo.getConnectionParams().getDeviceMacAddress().toString()
+                                .equals(Utils.FAKE_PEER_ADDRESS)
+                                && connectionInfo.getConnectionId() == Utils.FAKE_CONNECTION_ID) {
+                            future.set(true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getAllAssociations())
+                .thenReturn(Utils.getFakeAssociationInfoList(1));
+        when(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper.getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class)))
+                .thenReturn(AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_WATCH);
+
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(
+                Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter(), discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        mTestExecutor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(1)).getAllAssociations();
+        verify(mCompanionDeviceManagerWrapper, times(1))
+                .getDeviceProfile(any(AssociationInfo.class));
+        assertThat(future.isDone()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopDiscovery_removesCallback() {
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {}
+                };
+
+        DiscoveryFilter discoveryFilter = Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter();
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(discoveryFilter, discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        assertThat(mCdmConnectivityManager.hasPendingCallbacks(discoveredDeviceReceiver)).isTrue();
+
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.stopDiscovery(discoveryFilter, discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        assertThat(mCdmConnectivityManager.hasPendingCallbacks(discoveredDeviceReceiver)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopDiscovery_DoesNotRunCallback() {
+        SettableFuture future = SettableFuture.create();
+        DiscoveredDeviceReceiver discoveredDeviceReceiver =
+                new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {
+                        future.set(true);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        DiscoveryFilter discoveryFilter = Utils.getFakeDiscoveryFilter();
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.startDiscovery(discoveryFilter, discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+        mCdmConnectivityManager.stopDiscovery(discoveryFilter, discoveredDeviceReceiver);
+
+        assertThat(future.isDone()).isFalse();
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManagerFactoryTest.java b/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManagerFactoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42eff90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/ConnectivityManagerFactoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.remoteauth.connectivity;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link CdmConnectivityManager}. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class ConnectivityManagerFactoryTest {
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {}
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFactory_returnsConnectivityManager() {
+        final Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
+        ConnectivityManager connectivityManager =
+                ConnectivityManagerFactory.getConnectivityManager(context);
+
+        assertThat(connectivityManager).isNotNull();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/Utils.java b/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/Utils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5c992a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/remoteauth/connectivity/Utils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.remoteauth.connectivity;
+
+import android.companion.AssociationInfo;
+import android.companion.AssociationRequest;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class Utils {
+    public static final int FAKE_CONNECTION_ID = 1;
+    public static final int FAKE_USER_ID = 0;
+    public static final String FAKE_DISPLAY_NAME = "FAKE-DISPLAY-NAME";
+    public static final String FAKE_PEER_ADDRESS = "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff";
+    public static final String FAKE_DEVICE_PROFILE = "FAKE-DEVICE-PROFILE";
+    public static final String FAKE_PACKAGE_NAME = "FAKE-PACKAGE-NAME";
+
+    public static DiscoveryFilter getFakeDiscoveryFilter() {
+        return DiscoveryFilter.Builder.builder()
+                .setDeviceName(FAKE_DISPLAY_NAME)
+                .setPeerAddress("FAKE-PEER-ADDRESS")
+                .setDeviceType(DiscoveryFilter.WATCH)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    public static DiscoveredDeviceReceiver getFakeDiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+        return new DiscoveredDeviceReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onDiscovered(DiscoveredDevice unused) {}
+
+            @Override
+            public void onLost(DiscoveredDevice unused) {}
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a fake CDM connection info.
+     *
+     * @return connection info.
+     */
+    public static CdmConnectionInfo getFakeCdmConnectionInfo()
+            throws PackageManager.NameNotFoundException {
+        return new CdmConnectionInfo(FAKE_CONNECTION_ID, getFakeAssociationInfoList(1).get(0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a fake discovered device.
+     *
+     * @return discovered device.
+     */
+    public static DiscoveredDevice getFakeCdmDiscoveredDevice()
+            throws PackageManager.NameNotFoundException {
+        return new DiscoveredDevice(getFakeCdmConnectionInfo(), FAKE_DISPLAY_NAME);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns fake association info array.
+     *
+     * <p> Creates an AssociationInfo object with fake values.
+     *
+     * @param associationsSize number of fake association info entries to return.
+     * @return list of {@link AssociationInfo} or null.
+     */
+    public static List<AssociationInfo> getFakeAssociationInfoList(int associationsSize) {
+        if (associationsSize > 0) {
+            List<AssociationInfo> associations = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Association id starts from 1.
+            for (int i = 1; i <= associationsSize; ++i) {
+                associations.add(
+                        (new AssociationInfo.Builder(i, FAKE_USER_ID, FAKE_PACKAGE_NAME))
+                                .setDeviceProfile(AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_WATCH)
+                                .setDisplayName(FAKE_DISPLAY_NAME)
+                                .setDeviceMacAddress(MacAddress.fromString(FAKE_PEER_ADDRESS))
+                                .build());
+            }
+            return associations;
+        }
+        return new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    private Utils() {}
+}
diff --git a/service-t/Android.bp b/service-t/Android.bp
index bc49f0e..779f354 100644
--- a/service-t/Android.bp
+++ b/service-t/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
     ],
     visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
 }
+
 // The above filegroup can be used to specify different sources depending
 // on the branch, while minimizing merge conflicts in the rest of the
 // build rules.
@@ -73,11 +75,15 @@
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
     visibility: [
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
     ],
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
 
 // Test building mDNS as a standalone, so that it can be imported into other repositories as-is.
@@ -94,11 +100,12 @@
     min_sdk_version: "21",
     lint: {
         error_checks: ["NewApi"],
+
     },
     srcs: [
         "src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/**/*.java",
         ":framework-connectivity-t-mdns-standalone-build-sources",
-        ":service-mdns-droidstubs"
+        ":service-mdns-droidstubs",
     ],
     exclude_srcs: [
         "src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java",
@@ -127,7 +134,7 @@
     srcs: ["src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/SocketNetLinkMonitorFactory.java"],
     libs: [
         "net-utils-device-common-mdns-standalone-build-test",
-        "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar"
+        "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
     ],
     visibility: [
         "//visibility:private",
diff --git a/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
index bdbb655..c999398 100644
--- a/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
+++ b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
@@ -34,77 +34,77 @@
 
 using android::bpf::bpfGetUidStats;
 using android::bpf::bpfGetIfaceStats;
-using android::bpf::bpfGetIfIndexStats;
+using android::bpf::bpfRegisterIface;
 using android::bpf::NetworkTraceHandler;
 
 namespace android {
 
-// NOTE: keep these in sync with TrafficStats.java
-static const uint64_t UNKNOWN = -1;
-
-enum StatsType {
-    RX_BYTES = 0,
-    RX_PACKETS = 1,
-    TX_BYTES = 2,
-    TX_PACKETS = 3,
-};
-
-static uint64_t getStatsType(StatsValue* stats, StatsType type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case RX_BYTES:
-            return stats->rxBytes;
-        case RX_PACKETS:
-            return stats->rxPackets;
-        case TX_BYTES:
-            return stats->txBytes;
-        case TX_PACKETS:
-            return stats->txPackets;
-        default:
-            return UNKNOWN;
-    }
+static void nativeRegisterIface(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jstring iface) {
+    ScopedUtfChars iface8(env, iface);
+    if (iface8.c_str() == nullptr) return;
+    bpfRegisterIface(iface8.c_str());
 }
 
-static jlong nativeGetTotalStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint type) {
+static jobject statsValueToEntry(JNIEnv* env, StatsValue* stats) {
+    // Find the Java class that represents the structure
+    jclass gEntryClass = env->FindClass("android/net/NetworkStats$Entry");
+    if (gEntryClass == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Find the constructor.
+    jmethodID constructorID = env->GetMethodID(gEntryClass, "<init>", "()V");
+    if (constructorID == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Create a new instance of the Java class
+    jobject result = env->NewObject(gEntryClass, constructorID);
+    if (result == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Set the values of the structure fields in the Java object
+    env->SetLongField(result, env->GetFieldID(gEntryClass, "rxBytes", "J"), stats->rxBytes);
+    env->SetLongField(result, env->GetFieldID(gEntryClass, "txBytes", "J"), stats->txBytes);
+    env->SetLongField(result, env->GetFieldID(gEntryClass, "rxPackets", "J"), stats->rxPackets);
+    env->SetLongField(result, env->GetFieldID(gEntryClass, "txPackets", "J"), stats->txPackets);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static jobject nativeGetTotalStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
     StatsValue stats = {};
 
-    if (bpfGetIfaceStats(NULL, &stats) == 0) {
-        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
+    if (bpfGetIfaceStats(nullptr, &stats) == 0) {
+        return statsValueToEntry(env, &stats);
     } else {
-        return UNKNOWN;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 }
 
-static jlong nativeGetIfaceStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jstring iface, jint type) {
+static jobject nativeGetIfaceStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jstring iface) {
     ScopedUtfChars iface8(env, iface);
-    if (iface8.c_str() == NULL) {
-        return UNKNOWN;
+    if (iface8.c_str() == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     StatsValue stats = {};
 
     if (bpfGetIfaceStats(iface8.c_str(), &stats) == 0) {
-        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
+        return statsValueToEntry(env, &stats);
     } else {
-        return UNKNOWN;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 }
 
-static jlong nativeGetIfIndexStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint ifindex, jint type) {
-    StatsValue stats = {};
-    if (bpfGetIfIndexStats(ifindex, &stats) == 0) {
-        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
-    } else {
-        return UNKNOWN;
-    }
-}
-
-static jlong nativeGetUidStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint uid, jint type) {
+static jobject nativeGetUidStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint uid) {
     StatsValue stats = {};
 
     if (bpfGetUidStats(uid, &stats) == 0) {
-        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
+        return statsValueToEntry(env, &stats);
     } else {
-        return UNKNOWN;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 }
 
@@ -113,11 +113,31 @@
 }
 
 static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
-        {"nativeGetTotalStat", "(I)J", (void*)nativeGetTotalStat},
-        {"nativeGetIfaceStat", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)J", (void*)nativeGetIfaceStat},
-        {"nativeGetIfIndexStat", "(II)J", (void*)nativeGetIfIndexStat},
-        {"nativeGetUidStat", "(II)J", (void*)nativeGetUidStat},
-        {"nativeInitNetworkTracing", "()V", (void*)nativeInitNetworkTracing},
+        {
+            "nativeRegisterIface",
+            "(Ljava/lang/String;)V",
+            (void*)nativeRegisterIface
+        },
+        {
+            "nativeGetTotalStat",
+            "()Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;",
+            (void*)nativeGetTotalStat
+        },
+        {
+            "nativeGetIfaceStat",
+            "(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;",
+            (void*)nativeGetIfaceStat
+        },
+        {
+            "nativeGetUidStat",
+            "(I)Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;",
+            (void*)nativeGetUidStat
+        },
+        {
+            "nativeInitNetworkTracing",
+            "()V",
+            (void*)nativeInitNetworkTracing
+        },
 };
 
 int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService(JNIEnv* env) {
diff --git a/service-t/lint-baseline.xml b/service-t/lint-baseline.xml
index 38d3ab0..e4b92d6 100644
--- a/service-t/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/service-t/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -1,104 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<issues format="6" by="lint 8.0.0-dev" type="baseline" dependencies="true" variant="all" version="8.0.0-dev">
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier#getInterfaceName`"
-        errorLine1="        if (!((EthernetNetworkSpecifier) spec).getInterfaceName().matches(iface)) {"
-        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java"
-            line="224"
-            column="48"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo#getInterface`"
-        errorLine1="            delta.migrateTun(info.getOwnerUid(), info.getInterface(),"
-        errorLine2="                                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
-            line="276"
-            column="55"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo#getOwnerUid`"
-        errorLine1="            delta.migrateTun(info.getOwnerUid(), info.getInterface(),"
-        errorLine2="                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
-            line="276"
-            column="35"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo#getUnderlyingInterfaces`"
-        errorLine1="                    info.getUnderlyingInterfaces());"
-        errorLine2="                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
-            line="277"
-            column="26"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#parseNumericAddress`"
-        errorLine1="                        dnsAddresses.add(InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(address));"
-        errorLine2="                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java"
-            line="875"
-            column="54"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#parseNumericAddress`"
-        errorLine1="                    staticIpConfigBuilder.setGateway(InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(value));"
-        errorLine2="                                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java"
-            line="870"
-            column="66"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(os);"
-        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java"
-            line="556"
-            column="25"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(sockFd);"
-        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java"
-            line="1309"
-            column="25"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(mSocket);"
-        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java"
-            line="1034"
-            column="21"/>
-    </issue>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha01" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha01">
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
@@ -113,6 +14,17 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
+        message="Cast from `EthernetNetworkSpecifier` to `NetworkSpecifier` requires API level 31 (current min is 30)"
+        errorLine1="                .setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName))"
+        errorLine2="                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java"
+            line="156"
+            column="38"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier`"
         errorLine1="            nc.setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface));"
         errorLine2="                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
@@ -124,39 +36,6 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.util.AtomicFile`"
-        errorLine1="        mFile = new AtomicFile(new File(path), logger);"
-        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/PersistentInt.java"
-            line="53"
-            column="17"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new java.net.InetSocketAddress`"
-        errorLine1="        super(handler, new RecvBuffer(buffer, new InetSocketAddress()));"
-        errorLine2="                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java"
-            line="66"
-            column="47"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Cast from `EthernetNetworkSpecifier` to `NetworkSpecifier` requires API level 31 (current min is 30)"
-        errorLine1="                .setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName))"
-        errorLine2="                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java"
-            line="156"
-            column="38"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
         message="Cast from `EthernetNetworkSpecifier` to `NetworkSpecifier` requires API level 31 (current min is 30)"
         errorLine1="            nc.setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface));"
         errorLine2="                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
@@ -169,6 +48,28 @@
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
         message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier`"
+        errorLine1="        if (!(spec instanceof EthernetNetworkSpecifier)) {"
+        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java"
+            line="221"
+            column="31"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier#getInterfaceName`"
+        errorLine1="        if (!((EthernetNetworkSpecifier) spec).getInterfaceName().matches(iface)) {"
+        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java"
+            line="224"
+            column="48"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier`"
         errorLine1="        if (!((EthernetNetworkSpecifier) spec).getInterfaceName().matches(iface)) {"
         errorLine2="               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
@@ -179,13 +80,178 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier`"
-        errorLine1="        if (!(spec instanceof EthernetNetworkSpecifier)) {"
-        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#parseNumericAddress`"
+        errorLine1="                    staticIpConfigBuilder.setGateway(InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(value));"
+        errorLine2="                                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java"
-            line="221"
-            column="31"/>
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java"
+            line="885"
+            column="66"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#parseNumericAddress`"
+        errorLine1="                        dnsAddresses.add(InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(address));"
+        errorLine2="                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java"
+            line="890"
+            column="54"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(mSocket);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java"
+            line="1042"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(sockFd);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java"
+            line="1318"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Field requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.OsConstants#UDP_ENCAP`"
+        errorLine1="                    OsConstants.UDP_ENCAP,"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java"
+            line="1326"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Field requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.OsConstants#UDP_ENCAP_ESPINUDP`"
+        errorLine1="                    OsConstants.UDP_ENCAP_ESPINUDP);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java"
+            line="1327"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `BpfNetMaps`"
+        errorLine1="            return new BpfNetMaps(ctx);"
+        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
+            line="111"
+            column="20"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `swapActiveStatsMap`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfNetMaps.swapActiveStatsMap();"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
+            line="185"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo#getInterface`"
+        errorLine1="            delta.migrateTun(info.getOwnerUid(), info.getInterface(),"
+        errorLine2="                                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
+            line="240"
+            column="55"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo#getOwnerUid`"
+        errorLine1="            delta.migrateTun(info.getOwnerUid(), info.getInterface(),"
+        errorLine2="                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
+            line="240"
+            column="35"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo#getUnderlyingInterfaces`"
+        errorLine1="                    info.getUnderlyingInterfaces());"
+        errorLine2="                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java"
+            line="241"
+            column="26"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(os);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java"
+            line="580"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): `newInstance`"
+        errorLine1="                            opts = BroadcastOptionsShimImpl.newInstance("
+        errorLine2="                                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java"
+            line="562"
+            column="61"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.util.AtomicFile`"
+        errorLine1="        mFile = new AtomicFile(new File(path), logger);"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/PersistentInt.java"
+            line="53"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `addOrUpdateInterfaceAddress`"
+        errorLine1="                    mCb.addOrUpdateInterfaceAddress(ifaddrMsg.index, la);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java"
+            line="69"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `deleteInterfaceAddress`"
+        errorLine1="                mCb.deleteInterfaceAddress(ifaddrMsg.index, la);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java"
+            line="73"
+            column="21"/>
     </issue>
 
 </issues>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/Android.bp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/Android.bp
index 0dfd0af..b1925bd 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/Android.bp
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -57,9 +58,12 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "libnetworkstats_test",
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
     test_config_template: ":net_native_test_config_template",
-    require_root: true,  // required by setrlimitForTest()
+    require_root: true, // required by setrlimitForTest()
     header_libs: ["bpf_connectivity_headers"],
     srcs: [
         "BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp",
@@ -72,7 +76,10 @@
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
         "-Wthread-safety",
     ],
+    version_script: ":connectivity_mainline_test_map",
+    stl: "libc++_static",
     static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
         "libgmock",
         "libnetworkstats",
         "libperfetto_client_experimental",
@@ -80,7 +87,6 @@
         "perfetto_trace_protos",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
         "liblog",
         "libcutils",
         "libandroid_net",
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
index 3101397..d3e331e 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,35 @@
 
 using base::Result;
 
+BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& getIfaceIndexNameMap() {
+    static BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+    return ifaceIndexNameMap;
+}
+
+const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& getIfaceStatsMap() {
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
+    return ifaceStatsMap;
+}
+
+Result<IfaceValue> ifindex2name(const uint32_t ifindex) {
+    Result<IfaceValue> v = getIfaceIndexNameMap().readValue(ifindex);
+    if (v.ok()) return v;
+    IfaceValue iv = {};
+    if (!if_indextoname(ifindex, iv.name)) return v;
+    getIfaceIndexNameMap().writeValue(ifindex, iv, BPF_ANY);
+    return iv;
+}
+
+void bpfRegisterIface(const char* iface) {
+    if (!iface) return;
+    if (strlen(iface) >= sizeof(IfaceValue)) return;
+    uint32_t ifindex = if_nametoindex(iface);
+    if (!ifindex) return;
+    IfaceValue ifname = {};
+    strlcpy(ifname.name, iface, sizeof(ifname.name));
+    getIfaceIndexNameMap().writeValue(ifindex, ifname, BPF_ANY);
+}
+
 int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, StatsValue* stats,
                            const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& appUidStatsMap) {
     auto statsEntry = appUidStatsMap.readValue(uid);
@@ -58,19 +87,19 @@
 
 int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats,
                              const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap,
-                             const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceNameMap) {
+                             const IfIndexToNameFunc ifindex2name) {
     *stats = {};
     int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
     const auto processIfaceStats =
-            [iface, stats, &ifaceNameMap, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal](
+            [iface, stats, ifindex2name, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal](
                     const uint32_t& key,
                     const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap) -> Result<void> {
-        char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
-        if (getIfaceNameFromMap(ifaceNameMap, ifaceStatsMap, key, ifname, key,
-                                &unknownIfaceBytesTotal)) {
+        Result<IfaceValue> ifname = ifindex2name(key);
+        if (!ifname.ok()) {
+            maybeLogUnknownIface(key, ifaceStatsMap, key, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
             return Result<void>();
         }
-        if (!iface || !strcmp(iface, ifname)) {
+        if (!iface || !strcmp(iface, ifname.value().name)) {
             Result<StatsValue> statsEntry = ifaceStatsMap.readValue(key);
             if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
                 return statsEntry.error();
@@ -84,9 +113,7 @@
 }
 
 int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats) {
-    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
-    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
-    return bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(iface, stats, ifaceStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
+    return bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(iface, stats, getIfaceStatsMap(), ifindex2name);
 }
 
 int bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(uint32_t ifindex, StatsValue* stats,
@@ -101,14 +128,13 @@
 }
 
 int bpfGetIfIndexStats(int ifindex, StatsValue* stats) {
-    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
-    return bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(ifindex, stats, ifaceStatsMap);
+    return bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(ifindex, stats, getIfaceStatsMap());
 }
 
 stats_line populateStatsEntry(const StatsKey& statsKey, const StatsValue& statsEntry,
-                              const char* ifname) {
+                              const IfaceValue& ifname) {
     stats_line newLine;
-    strlcpy(newLine.iface, ifname, sizeof(newLine.iface));
+    strlcpy(newLine.iface, ifname.name, sizeof(newLine.iface));
     newLine.uid = (int32_t)statsKey.uid;
     newLine.set = (int32_t)statsKey.counterSet;
     newLine.tag = (int32_t)statsKey.tag;
@@ -121,22 +147,22 @@
 
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(std::vector<stats_line>& lines,
                                        const BpfMapRO<StatsKey, StatsValue>& statsMap,
-                                       const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap) {
+                                       const IfIndexToNameFunc ifindex2name) {
     int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
     const auto processDetailUidStats =
-            [&lines, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal, &ifaceMap](
+            [&lines, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal, &ifindex2name](
                     const StatsKey& key,
                     const BpfMapRO<StatsKey, StatsValue>& statsMap) -> Result<void> {
-        char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
-        if (getIfaceNameFromMap(ifaceMap, statsMap, key.ifaceIndex, ifname, key,
-                                &unknownIfaceBytesTotal)) {
+        Result<IfaceValue> ifname = ifindex2name(key.ifaceIndex);
+        if (!ifname.ok()) {
+            maybeLogUnknownIface(key.ifaceIndex, statsMap, key, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
             return Result<void>();
         }
         Result<StatsValue> statsEntry = statsMap.readValue(key);
         if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
             return base::ResultError(statsEntry.error().message(), statsEntry.error().code());
         }
-        stats_line newLine = populateStatsEntry(key, statsEntry.value(), ifname);
+        stats_line newLine = populateStatsEntry(key, statsEntry.value(), ifname.value());
         lines.push_back(newLine);
         if (newLine.tag) {
             // account tagged traffic in the untagged stats (for historical reasons?)
@@ -166,7 +192,6 @@
 }
 
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetail(std::vector<stats_line>* lines) {
-    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
     static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, uint32_t> configurationMap(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH);
     static BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> statsMapA(STATS_MAP_A_PATH);
     static BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> statsMapB(STATS_MAP_B_PATH);
@@ -196,7 +221,7 @@
     // TODO: the above comment feels like it may be obsolete / out of date,
     // since we no longer swap the map via netd binder rpc - though we do
     // still swap it.
-    int ret = parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(*lines, *inactiveStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
+    int ret = parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(*lines, *inactiveStatsMap, ifindex2name);
     if (ret) {
         ALOGE("parse detail network stats failed: %s", strerror(errno));
         return ret;
@@ -213,13 +238,14 @@
 
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(std::vector<stats_line>& lines,
                                     const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& statsMap,
-                                    const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap) {
+                                    const IfIndexToNameFunc ifindex2name) {
     int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
-    const auto processDetailIfaceStats = [&lines, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal, &ifaceMap, &statsMap](
+    const auto processDetailIfaceStats = [&lines, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal, ifindex2name, &statsMap](
                                              const uint32_t& key, const StatsValue& value,
                                              const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>&) {
-        char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
-        if (getIfaceNameFromMap(ifaceMap, statsMap, key, ifname, key, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal)) {
+        Result<IfaceValue> ifname = ifindex2name(key);
+        if (!ifname.ok()) {
+            maybeLogUnknownIface(key, statsMap, key, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
             return Result<void>();
         }
         StatsKey fakeKey = {
@@ -227,7 +253,7 @@
                 .tag = (uint32_t)TAG_NONE,
                 .counterSet = (uint32_t)SET_ALL,
         };
-        lines.push_back(populateStatsEntry(fakeKey, value, ifname));
+        lines.push_back(populateStatsEntry(fakeKey, value, ifname.value()));
         return Result<void>();
     };
     Result<void> res = statsMap.iterateWithValue(processDetailIfaceStats);
@@ -242,9 +268,7 @@
 }
 
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDev(std::vector<stats_line>* lines) {
-    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
-    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
-    return parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(*lines, ifaceStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
+    return parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(*lines, getIfaceStatsMap(), ifindex2name);
 }
 
 void groupNetworkStats(std::vector<stats_line>& lines) {
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
index bcc4550..484c166 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@
     BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue> mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap;
     BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue> mFakeIfaceStatsMap;
 
+    IfIndexToNameFunc mIfIndex2Name = [this](const uint32_t ifindex){
+        return mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap.readValue(ifindex);
+    };
+
     void SetUp() {
         ASSERT_EQ(0, setrlimitForTest());
 
@@ -228,7 +232,7 @@
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX2, TEST_COUNTERSET1, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, 0, IFACE_INDEX3, TEST_COUNTERSET1, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)3, lines.size());
 }
 
@@ -256,16 +260,15 @@
     EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
 
     StatsValue result1 = {};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME1, &result1, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
-                                          mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME1, &result1, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     expectStatsEqual(value1, result1);
     StatsValue result2 = {};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME2, &result2, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
-                                          mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME2, &result2, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     expectStatsEqual(value2, result2);
     StatsValue totalResult = {};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(NULL, &totalResult, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
-                                          mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(NULL, &totalResult, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     StatsValue totalValue = {
             .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0 * 2 + TEST_PACKET1,
             .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0 * 2 + TEST_BYTES1,
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@
                       mFakeStatsMap);
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
     std::vector<stats_line> lines;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)7, lines.size());
 }
 
@@ -324,7 +327,7 @@
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET1, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
     std::vector<stats_line> lines;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)4, lines.size());
 }
 
@@ -352,18 +355,20 @@
             .counterSet = TEST_COUNTERSET0,
             .ifaceIndex = ifaceIndex,
     };
-    char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
     int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
-    ASSERT_EQ(-ENODEV, getIfaceNameFromMap(mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap, mFakeStatsMap, ifaceIndex,
-                                           ifname, curKey, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal));
+    ASSERT_EQ(false, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap.readValue(ifaceIndex).ok());
+    maybeLogUnknownIface(ifaceIndex, mFakeStatsMap, curKey, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
+
     ASSERT_EQ(((int64_t)(TEST_BYTES0 * 20 + TEST_BYTES1 * 20)), unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
     curKey.ifaceIndex = IFACE_INDEX2;
-    ASSERT_EQ(-ENODEV, getIfaceNameFromMap(mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap, mFakeStatsMap, ifaceIndex,
-                                           ifname, curKey, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(false, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap.readValue(ifaceIndex).ok());
+    maybeLogUnknownIface(ifaceIndex, mFakeStatsMap, curKey, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
+
     ASSERT_EQ(-1, unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
     std::vector<stats_line> lines;
     // TODO: find a way to test the total of unknown Iface Bytes go above limit.
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)1, lines.size());
     expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, 0, lines.front());
 }
@@ -394,8 +399,7 @@
     ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX4;
     EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value2, BPF_ANY));
     std::vector<stats_line> lines;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0,
-              parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(lines, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(lines, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)4, lines.size());
 
     expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[0]);
@@ -439,13 +443,13 @@
     std::vector<stats_line> lines;
 
     // Test empty stats.
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 0, lines.size());
     lines.clear();
 
     // Test 1 line stats.
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 2, lines.size());  // TEST_TAG != 0 -> 1 entry becomes 2 lines
     expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, 0, lines[0]);
     expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[1]);
@@ -457,7 +461,7 @@
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG + 1, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value2,
                       mFakeStatsMap);
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 9, lines.size());
     lines.clear();
 
@@ -465,7 +469,7 @@
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX3, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
     populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX3, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 9, lines.size());
 
     // Verify Sorted & Grouped.
@@ -490,8 +494,7 @@
     ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX3;
     EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(0,
-              parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(lines, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(lines, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 2, lines.size());
 
     expectStatsLineEqual(value3, IFACE_NAME1, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[0]);
@@ -532,7 +535,7 @@
     // TODO: Mutate counterSet and enlarge TEST_MAP_SIZE if overflow on counterSet is possible.
 
     std::vector<stats_line> lines;
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, mFakeStatsMap, mIfIndex2Name));
     ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 12, lines.size());
 
     // Uid 0 first
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
index 8058d05..59eb195 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
@@ -55,36 +55,27 @@
 bool operator==(const stats_line& lhs, const stats_line& rhs);
 bool operator<(const stats_line& lhs, const stats_line& rhs);
 
+// This mirrors BpfMap.h's:
+//   Result<Value> readValue(const Key key) const
+// for a BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>
+using IfIndexToNameFunc = std::function<Result<IfaceValue>(const uint32_t)>;
+
 // For test only
 int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, StatsValue* stats,
                            const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& appUidStatsMap);
 // For test only
 int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats,
                              const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap,
-                             const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceNameMap);
+                             const IfIndexToNameFunc ifindex2name);
 // For test only
 int bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(uint32_t ifindex, StatsValue* stats,
                                const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap);
 // For test only
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(std::vector<stats_line>& lines,
                                        const BpfMapRO<StatsKey, StatsValue>& statsMap,
-                                       const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap);
+                                       const IfIndexToNameFunc ifindex2name);
 // For test only
 int cleanStatsMapInternal(const base::unique_fd& cookieTagMap, const base::unique_fd& tagStatsMap);
-// For test only
-template <class Key>
-int getIfaceNameFromMap(const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap,
-                        const BpfMapRO<Key, StatsValue>& statsMap,
-                        uint32_t ifaceIndex, char* ifname,
-                        const Key& curKey, int64_t* unknownIfaceBytesTotal) {
-    auto iface = ifaceMap.readValue(ifaceIndex);
-    if (!iface.ok()) {
-        maybeLogUnknownIface(ifaceIndex, statsMap, curKey, unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
-        return -ENODEV;
-    }
-    strlcpy(ifname, iface.value().name, sizeof(IfaceValue));
-    return 0;
-}
 
 template <class Key>
 void maybeLogUnknownIface(int ifaceIndex, const BpfMapRO<Key, StatsValue>& statsMap,
@@ -112,8 +103,9 @@
 // For test only
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(std::vector<stats_line>& lines,
                                     const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue>& statsMap,
-                                    const BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap);
+                                    const IfIndexToNameFunc ifindex2name);
 
+void bpfRegisterIface(const char* iface);
 int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, StatsValue* stats);
 int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats);
 int bpfGetIfIndexStats(int ifindex, StatsValue* stats);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
index 42a922d..a92dfaf 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
@@ -193,7 +193,8 @@
      * @param sentQueryCount The count of sent queries before stop discovery.
      */
     public void reportServiceDiscoveryStop(boolean isLegacy, int transactionId, long durationMs,
-            int foundCallbackCount, int lostCallbackCount, int servicesCount, int sentQueryCount) {
+            int foundCallbackCount, int lostCallbackCount, int servicesCount, int sentQueryCount,
+            boolean isServiceFromCache) {
         final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder(isLegacy, transactionId);
         builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_DISCOVER);
         builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_DISCOVERY_STOP);
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@
         builder.setLostCallbackCount(lostCallbackCount);
         builder.setFoundServiceCount(servicesCount);
         builder.setSentQueryCount(sentQueryCount);
+        builder.setIsKnownService(isServiceFromCache);
         mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
     }
 
@@ -247,12 +249,15 @@
      * @param isLegacy Whether this call is using legacy backend.
      * @param transactionId The transaction id of service resolution.
      * @param durationMs The duration before stop resolving the service.
+     * @param sentQueryCount The count of sent queries during resolving.
      */
-    public void reportServiceResolutionStop(boolean isLegacy, int transactionId, long durationMs) {
+    public void reportServiceResolutionStop(boolean isLegacy, int transactionId, long durationMs,
+            int sentQueryCount) {
         final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder(isLegacy, transactionId);
         builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE);
         builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_STOP);
         builder.setEventDurationMillisec(durationMs);
+        builder.setSentQueryCount(sentQueryCount);
         mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.java b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08a8603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.java
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.metrics;
+
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_XT;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__FAST_DATA_INPUT_STATE__FDIS_DISABLED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__FAST_DATA_INPUT_STATE__FDIS_ENABLED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__OPERATION_TYPE__ROT_READ;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UID;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UIDTAG;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UNKNOWN;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_XT;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Helper class to log NetworkStats related metrics.
+ *
+ * This class does not provide thread-safe.
+ */
+public class NetworkStatsMetricsLogger {
+    final Dependencies mDeps;
+    int mReadIndex = 1;
+
+    /** Dependency class */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Writes a NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATION_REPORTED event to ConnectivityStatsLog.
+         */
+        public void writeRecorderFileReadingStats(int recorderType, int readIndex,
+                                                  int readLatencyMillis,
+                                                  int fileCount, int totalFileSize,
+                                                  int keys, int uids, int totalHistorySize,
+                                                  boolean useFastDataInput) {
+            ConnectivityStatsLog.write(NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED,
+                    NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__OPERATION_TYPE__ROT_READ,
+                    recorderType,
+                    readIndex,
+                    readLatencyMillis,
+                    fileCount,
+                    totalFileSize,
+                    keys,
+                    uids,
+                    totalHistorySize,
+                    useFastDataInput
+                            ? NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__FAST_DATA_INPUT_STATE__FDIS_ENABLED
+                            : NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__FAST_DATA_INPUT_STATE__FDIS_DISABLED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStatsMetricsLogger() {
+        mDeps = new Dependencies();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkStatsMetricsLogger(Dependencies deps) {
+        mDeps = deps;
+    }
+
+    private static int prefixToRecorderType(@NonNull String prefix) {
+        switch (prefix) {
+            case PREFIX_XT:
+                return NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_XT;
+            case PREFIX_UID:
+                return NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UID;
+            case PREFIX_UID_TAG:
+                return NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UIDTAG;
+            default:
+                return NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get file count and total byte count for the given directory and prefix.
+     *
+     * @return File count and total byte count as a pair, or 0s if met errors.
+     */
+    private static Pair<Integer, Integer> getStatsFilesAttributes(
+            @Nullable File statsDir, @NonNull String prefix) {
+        if (statsDir == null || !statsDir.isDirectory()) return new Pair<>(0, 0);
+
+        // Only counts the matching files.
+        // The files are named in the following format:
+        //   <prefix>.<startTimestamp>-[<endTimestamp>]
+        //   e.g. uid_tag.12345-
+        // See FileRotator#FileInfo for more detail.
+        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^" + prefix + "\\.[0-9]+-[0-9]*$");
+
+        int totalFiles = 0;
+        int totalBytes = 0;
+        for (String name : emptyIfNull(statsDir.list())) {
+            if (!pattern.matcher(name).matches()) continue;
+
+            totalFiles++;
+            // Cast to int is safe since stats persistent files are several MBs in total.
+            totalBytes += (int) (new File(statsDir, name).length());
+
+        }
+        return new Pair<>(totalFiles, totalBytes);
+    }
+
+    private static String [] emptyIfNull(@Nullable String [] array) {
+        return (array == null) ? new String[0] : array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Log statistics from the NetworkStatsRecorder file reading process into statsd.
+     */
+    public void logRecorderFileReading(@NonNull String prefix, int readLatencyMillis,
+            @Nullable File statsDir, @NonNull NetworkStatsCollection collection,
+            boolean useFastDataInput) {
+        final Set<Integer> uids = new HashSet<>();
+        final Map<NetworkStatsCollection.Key, NetworkStatsHistory> entries =
+                collection.getEntries();
+
+        for (final NetworkStatsCollection.Key key : entries.keySet()) {
+            uids.add(key.uid);
+        }
+
+        int totalHistorySize = 0;
+        for (final NetworkStatsHistory history : entries.values()) {
+            totalHistorySize += history.size();
+        }
+
+        final Pair<Integer, Integer> fileAttributes = getStatsFilesAttributes(statsDir, prefix);
+        mDeps.writeRecorderFileReadingStats(prefixToRecorderType(prefix),
+                mReadIndex++,
+                readLatencyMillis,
+                fileAttributes.first /* fileCount */,
+                fileAttributes.second /* totalFileSize */,
+                entries.size(),
+                uids.size(),
+                totalHistorySize,
+                useFastDataInput);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
index a884840..54b9ced 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import android.net.IpSecSpiResponse;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
 import android.net.IpSecTransformResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformState;
 import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
 import android.net.IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.BinderUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
@@ -109,6 +111,7 @@
     @VisibleForTesting static final int MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS = 10;
 
     private final INetd mNetd;
+    private final IpSecXfrmController mIpSecXfrmCtrl;
 
     static {
         try {
@@ -152,6 +155,11 @@
             }
             return netd;
         }
+
+        /** Get a instance of IpSecXfrmController */
+        public IpSecXfrmController getIpSecXfrmController() {
+            return new IpSecXfrmController();
+        }
     }
 
     final UidFdTagger mUidFdTagger;
@@ -1111,6 +1119,7 @@
         mContext = context;
         mDeps = Objects.requireNonNull(deps, "Missing dependencies.");
         mUidFdTagger = uidFdTagger;
+        mIpSecXfrmCtrl = mDeps.getIpSecXfrmController();
         try {
             mNetd = mDeps.getNetdInstance(mContext);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -1862,6 +1871,52 @@
         releaseResource(userRecord.mTransformRecords, resourceId);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public synchronized IpSecTransformState getTransformState(int transformId)
+            throws IllegalStateException, RemoteException {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, "IpsecService#getTransformState");
+
+        if (transformId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("This transform is already closed");
+        }
+
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        TransformRecord transformInfo =
+                userRecord.mTransformRecords.getResourceOrThrow(transformId);
+
+        final int spi = transformInfo.getSpiRecord().getSpi();
+        final InetAddress destAddress =
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(
+                        transformInfo.getConfig().getDestinationAddress());
+        Log.d(TAG, "getTransformState for spi " + spi + " destAddress " + destAddress);
+
+        // Make netlink call
+        final XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage xfrmNewSaMsg;
+        try {
+            xfrmNewSaMsg = mIpSecXfrmCtrl.ipSecGetSa(destAddress, Integer.toUnsignedLong(spi));
+        } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "getTransformState: failed to get IpSecTransformState" + e.toString());
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to get IpSecTransformState", e);
+        }
+
+        // Keep the netlink socket open to save time for the next call. It is cheap to have a
+        // persistent netlink socket in the system server
+
+        if (xfrmNewSaMsg == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "getTransformState: failed to get IpSecTransformState xfrmNewSaMsg is null");
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to get IpSecTransformState");
+        }
+
+        return new IpSecTransformState.Builder()
+                .setTxHighestSequenceNumber(xfrmNewSaMsg.getTxSequenceNumber())
+                .setRxHighestSequenceNumber(xfrmNewSaMsg.getRxSequenceNumber())
+                .setPacketCount(xfrmNewSaMsg.getPacketCount())
+                .setByteCount(xfrmNewSaMsg.getByteCount())
+                .setReplayBitmap(xfrmNewSaMsg.getBitmap())
+                .build();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Apply an active transport mode transform to a socket, which will apply the IPsec security
      * association as a correspondent policy to the provided socket
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmController.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cfbf83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.IPPROTO_ESP;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.NETLINK_XFRM;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.XFRM_MSG_NEWSA;
+
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkErrorMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * This class handles IPSec XFRM commands between IpSecService and the Linux kernel
+ *
+ * <p>Synchronization in IpSecXfrmController is done on all entrypoints due to potential race
+ * conditions at the kernel/xfrm level.
+ */
+public class IpSecXfrmController {
+    private static final String TAG = IpSecXfrmController.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false; // STOPSHIP: if true
+
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE = 8 * 1024;
+
+    @NonNull private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+    @Nullable private FileDescriptor mNetlinkSocket;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public IpSecXfrmController(@NonNull Dependencies dependencies) {
+        mDependencies = dependencies;
+    }
+
+    public IpSecXfrmController() {
+        this(new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start the XfrmController
+     *
+     * <p>The method is idempotent
+     */
+    public synchronized void openNetlinkSocketIfNeeded() throws ErrnoException, SocketException {
+        if (mNetlinkSocket == null) {
+            mNetlinkSocket = mDependencies.newNetlinkSocket();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the XfrmController
+     *
+     * <p>The method is idempotent
+     */
+    public synchronized void closeNetlinkSocketIfNeeded() {
+        if (mNetlinkSocket != null) {
+            mDependencies.releaseNetlinkSocket(mNetlinkSocket);
+            mNetlinkSocket = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public synchronized FileDescriptor getNetlinkSocket() {
+        return mNetlinkSocket;
+    }
+
+    /** Dependencies of IpSecXfrmController, for injection in tests. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /** Get a new XFRM netlink socket and connect it */
+        public FileDescriptor newNetlinkSocket() throws ErrnoException, SocketException {
+            final FileDescriptor fd =
+                    NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_XFRM, SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE);
+            NetlinkUtils.connectToKernel(fd);
+            return fd;
+        }
+
+        /** Close the netlink socket */
+        // TODO: b/205923322 This annotation is to suppress the lint error complaining that
+        // #closeQuietly requires Android S. It can be removed when the infra supports setting
+        // service-connectivity min_sdk to 31
+        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+        public void releaseNetlinkSocket(FileDescriptor fd) {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(fd);
+        }
+
+        /** Send a netlink message to a socket */
+        public void sendMessage(FileDescriptor fd, byte[] bytes)
+                throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException {
+            NetlinkUtils.sendMessage(fd, bytes, 0, bytes.length, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        /** Receive a netlink message from a socket */
+        public ByteBuffer recvMessage(FileDescriptor fd)
+                throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException {
+            return NetlinkUtils.recvMessage(fd, DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("IpSecXfrmController.this")
+    private NetlinkMessage sendRequestAndGetResponse(String methodTag, byte[] req)
+            throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException, IOException {
+        openNetlinkSocketIfNeeded();
+
+        logD(methodTag + ":  send request " + req.length + " bytes");
+        logV(HexDump.dumpHexString(req));
+        mDependencies.sendMessage(mNetlinkSocket, req);
+
+        final ByteBuffer response = mDependencies.recvMessage(mNetlinkSocket);
+        logD(methodTag + ": receive response " + response.limit() + " bytes");
+        logV(HexDump.dumpHexString(response.array(), 0 /* offset */, response.limit()));
+
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = XfrmNetlinkMessage.parse(response, NETLINK_XFRM);
+        if (msg == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Fail to parse the response message");
+        }
+
+        final int msgType = msg.getHeader().nlmsg_type;
+        if (msgType == NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_ERROR) {
+            final NetlinkErrorMessage errorMsg = (NetlinkErrorMessage) msg;
+            final int errorCode = errorMsg.getNlMsgError().error;
+            throw new ErrnoException(methodTag, errorCode);
+        }
+
+        return msg;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the state of an IPsec SA */
+    @NonNull
+    public synchronized XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage ipSecGetSa(
+            @NonNull final InetAddress destAddress, long spi)
+            throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException, IOException {
+        logD("ipSecGetSa: destAddress=" + destAddress + " spi=" + spi);
+
+        final byte[] req =
+                XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage.newXfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage(
+                        destAddress, spi, (short) IPPROTO_ESP);
+        try {
+            final NetlinkMessage msg = sendRequestAndGetResponse("ipSecGetSa", req);
+
+            final int messageType = msg.getHeader().nlmsg_type;
+            if (messageType != XFRM_MSG_NEWSA) {
+                throw new IOException("unexpected response type " + messageType);
+            }
+
+            return (XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage) msg;
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+            // Maybe thrown from Struct.parse
+            throw new IOException("Failed to parse the response " + exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void logV(String details) {
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.v(TAG, details);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void logD(String details) {
+        Log.d(TAG, details);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
index c74f229..f8b0d53 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.DEVICE_POWER;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NETID_UNSET;
@@ -25,6 +26,9 @@
 import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT;
 import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT;
 import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.SUBTYPE_LABEL_REGEX;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.TYPE_REGEX;
+import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastU;
@@ -32,6 +36,8 @@
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserMetrics;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.NO_PACKET;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.MAX_LABEL_LENGTH;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.Clock;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -50,6 +56,8 @@
 import android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener;
 import android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo;
 import android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo;
+import android.net.nsd.AdvertisingRequest;
+import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
@@ -85,11 +93,13 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.ExecutorProvider;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAdvertiser;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAdvertisingOptions;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsDiscoveryManager;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsFeatureFlags;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceSocket;
@@ -107,9 +117,13 @@
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -168,6 +182,8 @@
             "mdns_advertiser_allowlist_";
     private static final String MDNS_ALLOWLIST_FLAG_SUFFIX = "_version";
 
+    private static final String FORCE_ENABLE_FLAG_FOR_TEST_PREFIX = "test_";
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final String MDNS_CONFIG_RUNNING_APP_ACTIVE_IMPORTANCE_CUTOFF =
             "mdns_config_running_app_active_importance_cutoff";
@@ -184,11 +200,14 @@
     static final int NO_TRANSACTION = -1;
     private static final int NO_SENT_QUERY_COUNT = 0;
     private static final int DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK = 1000;
+    private static final int MAX_SUBTYPE_COUNT = 100;
+    private static final int DNSSEC_PROTOCOL = 3;
     private static final SharedLog LOGGER = new SharedLog("serviceDiscovery");
 
     private final Context mContext;
     private final NsdStateMachine mNsdStateMachine;
-    private final MDnsManager mMDnsManager;
+    // It can be null on V+ device since mdns native service provided by netd is removed.
+    private final @Nullable MDnsManager mMDnsManager;
     private final MDnsEventCallback mMDnsEventCallback;
     @NonNull
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
@@ -238,6 +257,8 @@
 
     private final RemoteCallbackList<IOffloadEngine> mOffloadEngines =
             new RemoteCallbackList<>();
+    @NonNull
+    private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
 
     private static class OffloadEngineInfo {
         @NonNull final String mInterfaceName;
@@ -255,19 +276,15 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static class MdnsListener implements MdnsServiceBrowserListener {
+    abstract static class MdnsListener implements MdnsServiceBrowserListener {
         protected final int mClientRequestId;
         protected final int mTransactionId;
         @NonNull
-        protected final NsdServiceInfo mReqServiceInfo;
-        @NonNull
         protected final String mListenedServiceType;
 
-        MdnsListener(int clientRequestId, int transactionId, @NonNull NsdServiceInfo reqServiceInfo,
-                @NonNull String listenedServiceType) {
+        MdnsListener(int clientRequestId, int transactionId, @NonNull String listenedServiceType) {
             mClientRequestId = clientRequestId;
             mTransactionId = transactionId;
-            mReqServiceInfo = reqServiceInfo;
             mListenedServiceType = listenedServiceType;
         }
 
@@ -305,13 +322,17 @@
 
         @Override
         public void onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(int receivedPacketNumber, int errorCode) { }
+
+        // Ensure toString gets overridden
+        @NonNull
+        public abstract String toString();
     }
 
     private class DiscoveryListener extends MdnsListener {
 
         DiscoveryListener(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                @NonNull NsdServiceInfo reqServiceInfo, @NonNull String listenServiceType) {
-            super(clientRequestId, transactionId, reqServiceInfo, listenServiceType);
+                @NonNull String listenServiceType) {
+            super(clientRequestId, transactionId, listenServiceType);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -335,13 +356,21 @@
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK, new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId));
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("DiscoveryListener: serviceType=%s", getListenedServiceType());
+        }
     }
 
     private class ResolutionListener extends MdnsListener {
+        private final String mServiceName;
 
         ResolutionListener(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                @NonNull NsdServiceInfo reqServiceInfo, @NonNull String listenServiceType) {
-            super(clientRequestId, transactionId, reqServiceInfo, listenServiceType);
+                @NonNull String listenServiceType, @NonNull String serviceName) {
+            super(clientRequestId, transactionId, listenServiceType);
+            mServiceName = serviceName;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -357,13 +386,22 @@
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK, new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId));
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("ResolutionListener serviceName=%s, serviceType=%s",
+                    mServiceName, getListenedServiceType());
+        }
     }
 
     private class ServiceInfoListener extends MdnsListener {
+        private final String mServiceName;
 
         ServiceInfoListener(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                @NonNull NsdServiceInfo reqServiceInfo, @NonNull String listenServiceType) {
-            super(clientRequestId, transactionId, reqServiceInfo, listenServiceType);
+                @NonNull String listenServiceType, @NonNull String serviceName) {
+            super(clientRequestId, transactionId, listenServiceType);
+            this.mServiceName = serviceName;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -394,6 +432,13 @@
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK, new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId));
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("ServiceInfoListener serviceName=%s, serviceType=%s",
+                    mServiceName, getListenedServiceType());
+        }
     }
 
     private class SocketRequestMonitor implements MdnsSocketProvider.SocketRequestMonitor {
@@ -534,6 +579,11 @@
                 if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Daemon is already started.");
                 return;
             }
+
+            if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "maybeStartDaemon: mMDnsManager is null");
+                return;
+            }
             mMDnsManager.registerEventListener(mMDnsEventCallback);
             mMDnsManager.startDaemon();
             mIsDaemonStarted = true;
@@ -546,6 +596,11 @@
                 if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Daemon has not been started.");
                 return;
             }
+
+            if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "maybeStopDaemon: mMDnsManager is null");
+                return;
+            }
             mMDnsManager.unregisterEventListener(mMDnsEventCallback);
             mMDnsManager.stopDaemon();
             mIsDaemonStarted = false;
@@ -630,9 +685,12 @@
             }
 
             private void storeAdvertiserRequestMap(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                    ClientInfo clientInfo, @Nullable Network requestedNetwork) {
+                    ClientInfo clientInfo, @NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                final String serviceFullName =
+                        serviceInfo.getServiceName() + "." + serviceInfo.getServiceType();
                 clientInfo.mClientRequests.put(clientRequestId, new AdvertiserClientRequest(
-                        transactionId, requestedNetwork, mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                        transactionId, serviceInfo.getNetwork(), serviceFullName,
+                        mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                 mTransactionIdToClientInfoMap.put(transactionId, clientInfo);
                 updateMulticastLock();
             }
@@ -686,18 +744,73 @@
                 return mClients.get(args.connector);
             }
 
+            /**
+             * Returns {@code false} if {@code subtypes} exceeds the maximum number limit or
+             * contains invalid subtype label.
+             */
+            private boolean checkSubtypeLabels(Set<String> subtypes) {
+                if (subtypes.size() > MAX_SUBTYPE_COUNT) {
+                    mServiceLogs.e(
+                            "Too many subtypes: " + subtypes.size() + " (max = "
+                                    + MAX_SUBTYPE_COUNT + ")");
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                for (String subtype : subtypes) {
+                    if (!checkSubtypeLabel(subtype)) {
+                        mServiceLogs.e("Subtype " + subtype + " is invalid");
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            private Set<String> dedupSubtypeLabels(Collection<String> subtypes) {
+                final Map<String, String> subtypeMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(subtypes.size());
+                for (String subtype : subtypes) {
+                    subtypeMap.put(MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(subtype), subtype);
+                }
+                return new ArraySet<>(subtypeMap.values());
+            }
+
+            private boolean checkTtl(
+                        @Nullable Duration ttl, @NonNull ClientInfo clientInfo) {
+                if (ttl == null) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                final long ttlSeconds = ttl.toSeconds();
+                final int uid = clientInfo.getUid();
+
+                // Allows Thread module in the system_server to register TTL that is smaller than
+                // 30 seconds
+                final long minTtlSeconds = uid == SYSTEM_UID ? 0 : NsdManager.TTL_SECONDS_MIN;
+
+                // Allows Thread module in the system_server to register TTL that is larger than
+                // 10 hours
+                final long maxTtlSeconds =
+                        uid == SYSTEM_UID ? 0xffffffffL : NsdManager.TTL_SECONDS_MAX;
+
+                if (ttlSeconds < minTtlSeconds || ttlSeconds > maxTtlSeconds) {
+                    mServiceLogs.e("ttlSeconds exceeds allowed range (value = "
+                            + ttlSeconds + ", allowedRange = [" + minTtlSeconds
+                            + ", " + maxTtlSeconds + " ])");
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
             @Override
             public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
                 final ClientInfo clientInfo;
                 final int transactionId;
                 final int clientRequestId = msg.arg2;
-                final ListenerArgs args;
                 final OffloadEngineInfo offloadEngineInfo;
                 switch (msg.what) {
                     case NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Discover services");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
-                        clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
+                        final DiscoveryArgs discoveryArgs = (DiscoveryArgs) msg.obj;
+                        clientInfo = mClients.get(discoveryArgs.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
                         // cleared and cause NPE. Add a null check here to prevent this corner case.
@@ -712,55 +825,70 @@
                             break;
                         }
 
-                        final NsdServiceInfo info = args.serviceInfo;
+                        final DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest = discoveryArgs.discoveryRequest;
                         transactionId = getUniqueId();
-                        final Pair<String, String> typeAndSubtype =
-                                parseTypeAndSubtype(info.getServiceType());
+                        final Pair<String, List<String>> typeAndSubtype =
+                                parseTypeAndSubtype(discoveryRequest.getServiceType());
                         final String serviceType = typeAndSubtype == null
                                 ? null : typeAndSubtype.first;
                         if (clientInfo.mUseJavaBackend
                                 || mDeps.isMdnsDiscoveryManagerEnabled(mContext)
                                 || useDiscoveryManagerForType(serviceType)) {
-                            if (serviceType == null) {
+                            if (serviceType == null || typeAndSubtype.second.size() > 1) {
                                 clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
                                         NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, false /* isLegacy */);
                                 break;
                             }
 
+                            String subtype = discoveryRequest.getSubtype();
+                            if (subtype == null && !typeAndSubtype.second.isEmpty()) {
+                                subtype = typeAndSubtype.second.get(0);
+                            }
+
+                            if (subtype != null && !checkSubtypeLabel(subtype)) {
+                                clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
+                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS, false /* isLegacy */);
+                                break;
+                            }
+
                             final String listenServiceType = serviceType + ".local";
                             maybeStartMonitoringSockets();
                             final MdnsListener listener = new DiscoveryListener(clientRequestId,
-                                    transactionId, info, listenServiceType);
+                                    transactionId, listenServiceType);
                             final MdnsSearchOptions.Builder optionsBuilder =
                                     MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
-                                            .setNetwork(info.getNetwork())
+                                            .setNetwork(discoveryRequest.getNetwork())
                                             .setRemoveExpiredService(true)
-                                            .setIsPassiveMode(true);
-                            if (typeAndSubtype.second != null) {
-                                // The parsing ensures subtype starts with an underscore.
+                                            .setQueryMode(
+                                                    mMdnsFeatureFlags.isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled()
+                                                            ? AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
+                                                            : PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE);
+                            if (subtype != null) {
+                                // checkSubtypeLabels() ensures that subtypes start with '_' but
                                 // MdnsSearchOptions expects the underscore to not be present.
-                                optionsBuilder.addSubtype(typeAndSubtype.second.substring(1));
+                                optionsBuilder.addSubtype(subtype.substring(1));
                             }
                             mMdnsDiscoveryManager.registerListener(
                                     listenServiceType, listener, optionsBuilder.build());
                             final ClientRequest request = storeDiscoveryManagerRequestMap(
                                     clientRequestId, transactionId, listener, clientInfo,
-                                    info.getNetwork());
-                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(clientRequestId, info, request);
+                                    discoveryRequest.getNetwork());
+                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(
+                                    clientRequestId, discoveryRequest, request);
                             clientInfo.log("Register a DiscoveryListener " + transactionId
                                     + " for service type:" + listenServiceType);
                         } else {
                             maybeStartDaemon();
-                            if (discoverServices(transactionId, info)) {
+                            if (discoverServices(transactionId, discoveryRequest)) {
                                 if (DBG) {
                                     Log.d(TAG, "Discover " + msg.arg2 + " " + transactionId
-                                            + info.getServiceType());
+                                            + discoveryRequest.getServiceType());
                                 }
                                 final ClientRequest request = storeLegacyRequestMap(clientRequestId,
                                         transactionId, clientInfo, msg.what,
                                         mClock.elapsedRealtime());
                                 clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(
-                                        clientRequestId, info, request);
+                                        clientRequestId, discoveryRequest, request);
                             } else {
                                 stopServiceDiscovery(transactionId);
                                 clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
@@ -771,7 +899,7 @@
                     }
                     case NsdManager.STOP_DISCOVERY: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Stop service discovery");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        final ListenerArgs args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
                         clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
@@ -809,7 +937,7 @@
                     }
                     case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Register service");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        final AdvertisingArgs args = (AdvertisingArgs) msg.obj;
                         clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
@@ -824,36 +952,111 @@
                                     NsdManager.FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT, true /* isLegacy */);
                             break;
                         }
-
-                        transactionId = getUniqueId();
-                        final NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = args.serviceInfo;
+                        final AdvertisingRequest advertisingRequest = args.advertisingRequest;
+                        if (advertisingRequest == null) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Unknown advertisingRequest in registration");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        final NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = advertisingRequest.getServiceInfo();
                         final String serviceType = serviceInfo.getServiceType();
-                        final Pair<String, String> typeSubtype = parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType);
+                        final Pair<String, List<String>> typeSubtype = parseTypeAndSubtype(
+                                serviceType);
                         final String registerServiceType = typeSubtype == null
                                 ? null : typeSubtype.first;
+                        final String hostname = serviceInfo.getHostname();
+                        // Keep compatible with the legacy behavior: It's allowed to set host
+                        // addresses for a service registration although the host addresses
+                        // won't be registered. To register the addresses for a host, the
+                        // hostname must be specified.
+                        if (hostname == null) {
+                            serviceInfo.setHostAddresses(Collections.emptyList());
+                        }
                         if (clientInfo.mUseJavaBackend
                                 || mDeps.isMdnsAdvertiserEnabled(mContext)
                                 || useAdvertiserForType(registerServiceType)) {
-                            if (registerServiceType == null) {
+                            if (serviceType != null && registerServiceType == null) {
                                 Log.e(TAG, "Invalid service type: " + serviceType);
                                 clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
                                         NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, false /* isLegacy */);
                                 break;
                             }
-                            serviceInfo.setServiceType(registerServiceType);
-                            serviceInfo.setServiceName(truncateServiceName(
-                                    serviceInfo.getServiceName()));
+                            boolean isUpdateOnly = (advertisingRequest.getAdvertisingConfig()
+                                    & AdvertisingRequest.NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY) > 0;
+                            // If it is an update request, then reuse the old transactionId
+                            if (isUpdateOnly) {
+                                final ClientRequest existingClientRequest =
+                                        clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
+                                if (existingClientRequest == null) {
+                                    Log.e(TAG, "Invalid update on requestId: " + clientRequestId);
+                                    clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
+                                            NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                            false /* isLegacy */);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                transactionId = existingClientRequest.mTransactionId;
+                            } else {
+                                transactionId = getUniqueId();
+                            }
 
+                            if (registerServiceType != null) {
+                                serviceInfo.setServiceType(registerServiceType);
+                                serviceInfo.setServiceName(
+                                        truncateServiceName(serviceInfo.getServiceName()));
+                            }
+
+                            if (!checkHostname(hostname)) {
+                                clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
+                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS, false /* isLegacy */);
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            if (!checkPublicKey(serviceInfo.getPublicKey())) {
+                                Log.e(TAG,
+                                        "Invalid public key: "
+                                                + Arrays.toString(serviceInfo.getPublicKey()));
+                                clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(
+                                        clientRequestId,
+                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS,
+                                        false /* isLegacy */);
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            Set<String> subtypes = new ArraySet<>(serviceInfo.getSubtypes());
+                            if (typeSubtype != null && typeSubtype.second != null) {
+                                for (String subType : typeSubtype.second) {
+                                    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subType)) {
+                                        subtypes.add(subType);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            subtypes = dedupSubtypeLabels(subtypes);
+
+                            if (!checkSubtypeLabels(subtypes)) {
+                                clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
+                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS, false /* isLegacy */);
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            if (!checkTtl(advertisingRequest.getTtl(), clientInfo)) {
+                                clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(clientRequestId,
+                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS, false /* isLegacy */);
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            serviceInfo.setSubtypes(subtypes);
                             maybeStartMonitoringSockets();
-                            // TODO: pass in the subtype as well. Including the subtype in the
-                            // service type would generate service instance names like
-                            // Name._subtype._sub._type._tcp, which is incorrect
-                            // (it should be Name._type._tcp).
-                            mAdvertiser.addService(transactionId, serviceInfo, typeSubtype.second);
+                            final MdnsAdvertisingOptions mdnsAdvertisingOptions =
+                                    MdnsAdvertisingOptions.newBuilder()
+                                            .setIsOnlyUpdate(isUpdateOnly)
+                                            .setTtl(advertisingRequest.getTtl())
+                                            .build();
+                            mAdvertiser.addOrUpdateService(transactionId, serviceInfo,
+                                    mdnsAdvertisingOptions, clientInfo.mUid);
                             storeAdvertiserRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo,
-                                    serviceInfo.getNetwork());
+                                    serviceInfo);
                         } else {
                             maybeStartDaemon();
+                            transactionId = getUniqueId();
                             if (registerService(transactionId, serviceInfo)) {
                                 if (DBG) {
                                     Log.d(TAG, "Register " + clientRequestId
@@ -873,7 +1076,7 @@
                     }
                     case NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "unregister service");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        final ListenerArgs args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
                         clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
@@ -916,7 +1119,7 @@
                     }
                     case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Resolve service");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        final ListenerArgs args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
                         clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
@@ -928,7 +1131,7 @@
 
                         final NsdServiceInfo info = args.serviceInfo;
                         transactionId = getUniqueId();
-                        final Pair<String, String> typeSubtype =
+                        final Pair<String, List<String>> typeSubtype =
                                 parseTypeAndSubtype(info.getServiceType());
                         final String serviceType = typeSubtype == null
                                 ? null : typeSubtype.first;
@@ -944,10 +1147,15 @@
 
                             maybeStartMonitoringSockets();
                             final MdnsListener listener = new ResolutionListener(clientRequestId,
-                                    transactionId, info, resolveServiceType);
+                                    transactionId, resolveServiceType, info.getServiceName());
+                            final int ifaceIdx = info.getNetwork() != null
+                                    ? 0 : info.getInterfaceIndex();
                             final MdnsSearchOptions options = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                                     .setNetwork(info.getNetwork())
-                                    .setIsPassiveMode(true)
+                                    .setInterfaceIndex(ifaceIdx)
+                                    .setQueryMode(mMdnsFeatureFlags.isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled()
+                                            ? AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
+                                            : PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE)
                                     .setResolveInstanceName(info.getServiceName())
                                     .setRemoveExpiredService(true)
                                     .build();
@@ -978,7 +1186,7 @@
                     }
                     case NsdManager.STOP_RESOLUTION: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Stop service resolution");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        final ListenerArgs args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
                         clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
@@ -1017,7 +1225,7 @@
                     }
                     case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE_CALLBACK: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Register a service callback");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        final ListenerArgs args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
                         clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
@@ -1029,7 +1237,7 @@
 
                         final NsdServiceInfo info = args.serviceInfo;
                         transactionId = getUniqueId();
-                        final Pair<String, String> typeAndSubtype =
+                        final Pair<String, List<String>> typeAndSubtype =
                                 parseTypeAndSubtype(info.getServiceType());
                         final String serviceType = typeAndSubtype == null
                                 ? null : typeAndSubtype.first;
@@ -1042,10 +1250,15 @@
 
                         maybeStartMonitoringSockets();
                         final MdnsListener listener = new ServiceInfoListener(clientRequestId,
-                                transactionId, info, resolveServiceType);
+                                transactionId, resolveServiceType, info.getServiceName());
+                        final int ifIndex = info.getNetwork() != null
+                                ? 0 : info.getInterfaceIndex();
                         final MdnsSearchOptions options = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                                 .setNetwork(info.getNetwork())
-                                .setIsPassiveMode(true)
+                                .setInterfaceIndex(ifIndex)
+                                .setQueryMode(mMdnsFeatureFlags.isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled()
+                                        ? AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
+                                        : PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE)
                                 .setResolveInstanceName(info.getServiceName())
                                 .setRemoveExpiredService(true)
                                 .build();
@@ -1060,7 +1273,7 @@
                     }
                     case NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE_CALLBACK: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Unregister a service callback");
-                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        final ListenerArgs args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
                         clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
                         // If the binder death notification for a INsdManagerCallback was received
                         // before any calls are received by NsdService, the clientInfo would be
@@ -1384,6 +1597,8 @@
                         servInfo,
                         network == null ? INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID : network.netId,
                         serviceInfo.getInterfaceIndex());
+                servInfo.setSubtypes(dedupSubtypeLabels(serviceInfo.getSubtypes()));
+                servInfo.setExpirationTime(serviceInfo.getExpirationTime());
                 return servInfo;
             }
 
@@ -1419,6 +1634,12 @@
                         NsdManager.nameOf(code), transactionId));
                 switch (code) {
                     case NsdManager.SERVICE_FOUND:
+                        // Set the ServiceFromCache flag only if the service is actually being
+                        // retrieved from the cache. This flag should not be overridden by later
+                        // service found event, which may not be cached.
+                        if (event.mIsServiceFromCache) {
+                            request.setServiceFromCache(true);
+                        }
                         clientInfo.onServiceFound(clientRequestId, info, request);
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.SERVICE_LOST:
@@ -1437,6 +1658,7 @@
                                 Log.e(TAG, "Invalid attribute", e);
                             }
                         }
+                        info.setHostname(getHostname(serviceInfo));
                         final List<InetAddress> addresses = getInetAddresses(serviceInfo);
                         if (addresses.size() != 0) {
                             info.setHostAddresses(addresses);
@@ -1473,6 +1695,7 @@
                             }
                         }
 
+                        info.setHostname(getHostname(serviceInfo));
                         final List<InetAddress> addresses = getInetAddresses(serviceInfo);
                         info.setHostAddresses(addresses);
                         clientInfo.onServiceUpdated(clientRequestId, info, request);
@@ -1519,6 +1742,16 @@
         return addresses;
     }
 
+    @NonNull
+    private static String getHostname(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        String[] hostname = serviceInfo.getHostName();
+        // Strip the "local" top-level domain.
+        if (hostname.length >= 2 && hostname[hostname.length - 1].equals("local")) {
+            hostname = Arrays.copyOf(hostname, hostname.length - 1);
+        }
+        return String.join(".", hostname);
+    }
+
     private static void setServiceNetworkForCallback(NsdServiceInfo info, int netId, int ifaceIdx) {
         switch (netId) {
             case NETID_UNSET:
@@ -1577,34 +1810,78 @@
      * underscore; they are alphanumerical characters or dashes or underscore, except the
      * last one that is just alphanumerical. The last label must be _tcp or _udp.
      *
-     * <p>The subtype may also be specified with a comma after the service type, for example
-     * _type._tcp,_subtype.
+     * <p>The subtypes may also be specified with a comma after the service type, for example
+     * _type._tcp,_subtype1,_subtype2
      *
      * @param serviceType the request service type for discovery / resolution service
      * @return constructed service type or null if the given service type is invalid.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public static Pair<String, String> parseTypeAndSubtype(String serviceType) {
+    public static Pair<String, List<String>> parseTypeAndSubtype(String serviceType) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceType)) return null;
-
-        final String typeOrSubtypePattern = "_[a-zA-Z0-9-_]{1,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]";
-        final Pattern serviceTypePattern = Pattern.compile(
-                // Optional leading subtype (_subtype._type._tcp)
-                // (?: xxx) is a non-capturing parenthesis, don't capture the dot
-                "^(?:(" + typeOrSubtypePattern + ")\\.)?"
-                        // Actual type (_type._tcp.local)
-                        + "(" + typeOrSubtypePattern + "\\._(?:tcp|udp))"
-                        // Drop '.' at the end of service type that is compatible with old backend.
-                        // e.g. allow "_type._tcp.local."
-                        + "\\.?"
-                        // Optional subtype after comma, for "_type._tcp,_subtype" format
-                        + "(?:,(" + typeOrSubtypePattern + "))?"
-                        + "$");
+        final Pattern serviceTypePattern = Pattern.compile(TYPE_REGEX);
         final Matcher matcher = serviceTypePattern.matcher(serviceType);
         if (!matcher.matches()) return null;
-        // Use the subtype either at the beginning or after the comma
-        final String subtype = matcher.group(1) != null ? matcher.group(1) : matcher.group(3);
-        return new Pair<>(matcher.group(2), subtype);
+        final String queryType = matcher.group(2);
+        // Use the subtype at the beginning
+        if (matcher.group(1) != null) {
+            return new Pair<>(queryType, List.of(matcher.group(1)));
+        }
+        // Use the subtypes at the end
+        final String subTypesStr = matcher.group(3);
+        if (subTypesStr != null && !subTypesStr.isEmpty()) {
+            final String[] subTypes = subTypesStr.substring(1).split(",");
+            return new Pair<>(queryType, List.of(subTypes));
+        }
+
+        return new Pair<>(queryType, Collections.emptyList());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the hostname is valid.
+     *
+     * <p>For now NsdService only allows single-label hostnames conforming to RFC 1035. In other
+     * words, the hostname should be at most 63 characters long and it only contains letters, digits
+     * and hyphens.
+     *
+     * <p>Additionally, this allows hostname starting with a digit to support Matter devices. Per
+     * Matter spec 4.3.1.1:
+     *
+     * <p>The target host name SHALL be constructed using one of the available link-layer addresses,
+     * such as a 48-bit device MAC address (for Ethernet and Wi‑Fi) or a 64-bit MAC Extended Address
+     * (for Thread) expressed as a fixed-length twelve-character (or sixteen-character) hexadecimal
+     * string, encoded as ASCII (UTF-8) text using capital letters, e.g., B75AFB458ECD.<domain>.
+     */
+    public static boolean checkHostname(@Nullable String hostname) {
+        if (hostname == null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        String HOSTNAME_REGEX = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?$";
+        return Pattern.compile(HOSTNAME_REGEX).matcher(hostname).matches();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the public key is valid.
+     *
+     * <p>For simplicity, it only checks if the protocol is DNSSEC and the RDATA is not fewer than 4
+     * bytes. See RFC 3445 Section 3.
+     *
+     * <p>Message format: flags (2 bytes), protocol (1 byte), algorithm (1 byte), public key.
+     */
+    private static boolean checkPublicKey(@Nullable byte[] publicKey) {
+        if (publicKey == null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (publicKey.length < 4) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int protocol = publicKey[2];
+        return protocol == DNSSEC_PROTOCOL;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if {@code subtype} is a valid DNS-SD subtype label. */
+    private static boolean checkSubtypeLabel(String subtype) {
+        return Pattern.compile("^" + SUBTYPE_LABEL_REGEX + "$").matcher(subtype).matches();
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -1618,7 +1895,8 @@
         mContext = ctx;
         mNsdStateMachine = new NsdStateMachine(TAG, handler);
         mNsdStateMachine.start();
-        mMDnsManager = ctx.getSystemService(MDnsManager.class);
+        // It can fail on V+ device since mdns native service provided by netd is removed.
+        mMDnsManager = SdkLevel.isAtLeastV() ? null : ctx.getSystemService(MDnsManager.class);
         mMDnsEventCallback = new MDnsEventCallback(mNsdStateMachine);
         mDeps = deps;
 
@@ -1640,22 +1918,36 @@
         am.addOnUidImportanceListener(new UidImportanceListener(handler),
                 mRunningAppActiveImportanceCutoff);
 
-        final MdnsFeatureFlags flags = new MdnsFeatureFlags.Builder()
+        mMdnsFeatureFlags = new MdnsFeatureFlags.Builder()
                 .setIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled(mDeps.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_FORCE_DISABLE_MDNS_OFFLOAD))
                 .setIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.INCLUDE_INET_ADDRESS_RECORDS_IN_PROBING))
-                .setIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled(mDeps.isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(
-                        MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_EXPIRED_SERVICES_REMOVAL))
+                .setIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                        mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_EXPIRED_SERVICES_REMOVAL))
+                .setIsLabelCountLimitEnabled(mDeps.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                        mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_LIMIT_LABEL_COUNT))
+                .setIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                        mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_KNOWN_ANSWER_SUPPRESSION))
+                .setIsUnicastReplyEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                        mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_UNICAST_REPLY_ENABLED))
+                .setIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                        mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE))
+                .setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                        mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_QUERY_WITH_KNOWN_ANSWER))
+                .setOverrideProvider(flag -> mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                        mContext, FORCE_ENABLE_FLAG_FOR_TEST_PREFIX + flag))
                 .build();
         mMdnsSocketClient =
                 new MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(handler.getLooper(), mMdnsSocketProvider,
-                        LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient"));
+                        LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient"), mMdnsFeatureFlags);
         mMdnsDiscoveryManager = deps.makeMdnsDiscoveryManager(new ExecutorProvider(),
-                mMdnsSocketClient, LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsDiscoveryManager"), flags);
+                mMdnsSocketClient, LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsDiscoveryManager"),
+                mMdnsFeatureFlags);
         handler.post(() -> mMdnsSocketClient.setCallback(mMdnsDiscoveryManager));
         mAdvertiser = deps.makeMdnsAdvertiser(handler.getLooper(), mMdnsSocketProvider,
-                new AdvertiserCallback(), LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsAdvertiser"), flags);
+                new AdvertiserCallback(), LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsAdvertiser"),
+                mMdnsFeatureFlags, mContext);
         mClock = deps.makeClock();
     }
 
@@ -1711,13 +2003,6 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled
-         */
-        public boolean isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(String feature) {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(feature);
-        }
-
-        /**
          * @see MdnsDiscoveryManager
          */
         public MdnsDiscoveryManager makeMdnsDiscoveryManager(
@@ -1734,8 +2019,8 @@
         public MdnsAdvertiser makeMdnsAdvertiser(
                 @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider socketProvider,
                 @NonNull MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback cb, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
-                MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags) {
-            return new MdnsAdvertiser(looper, socketProvider, cb, sharedLog, featureFlags);
+                MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags, Context context) {
+            return new MdnsAdvertiser(looper, socketProvider, cb, sharedLog, featureFlags, context);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1921,9 +2206,10 @@
             final int clientRequestId = getClientRequestIdOrLog(clientInfo, transactionId);
             if (clientRequestId < 0) return;
 
-            // onRegisterServiceSucceeded only has the service name in its info. This aligns with
-            // historical behavior.
+            // onRegisterServiceSucceeded only has the service name and hostname in its info. This
+            // aligns with historical behavior.
             final NsdServiceInfo cbInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(registeredInfo.getServiceName(), null);
+            cbInfo.setHostname(registeredInfo.getHostname());
             final ClientRequest request = clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
             clientInfo.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(clientRequestId, cbInfo, request);
         }
@@ -2008,33 +2294,56 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static class AdvertisingArgs {
+        public final NsdServiceConnector connector;
+        public final AdvertisingRequest advertisingRequest;
+
+        AdvertisingArgs(NsdServiceConnector connector, AdvertisingRequest advertisingRequest) {
+            this.connector = connector;
+            this.advertisingRequest = advertisingRequest;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class DiscoveryArgs {
+        public final NsdServiceConnector connector;
+        public final DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest;
+        DiscoveryArgs(NsdServiceConnector connector, DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest) {
+            this.connector = connector;
+            this.discoveryRequest = discoveryRequest;
+        }
+    }
+
     private class NsdServiceConnector extends INsdServiceConnector.Stub
             implements IBinder.DeathRecipient  {
+
         @Override
-        public void registerService(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        public void registerService(int listenerKey, AdvertisingRequest advertisingRequest)
+                throws RemoteException {
+            NsdManager.checkServiceInfoForRegistration(advertisingRequest.getServiceInfo());
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
                     NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE, 0, listenerKey,
-                    new ListenerArgs(this, serviceInfo)));
+                    new AdvertisingArgs(this, advertisingRequest)
+            ));
         }
 
         @Override
         public void unregisterService(int listenerKey) {
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
                     NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE, 0, listenerKey,
-                    new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+                    new ListenerArgs(this, (NsdServiceInfo) null)));
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void discoverServices(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        public void discoverServices(int listenerKey, DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest) {
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
                     NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES, 0, listenerKey,
-                    new ListenerArgs(this, serviceInfo)));
+                    new DiscoveryArgs(this, discoveryRequest)));
         }
 
         @Override
         public void stopDiscovery(int listenerKey) {
-            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
-                    NsdManager.STOP_DISCOVERY, 0, listenerKey, new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.STOP_DISCOVERY,
+                    0, listenerKey, new ListenerArgs(this, (NsdServiceInfo) null)));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -2046,8 +2355,8 @@
 
         @Override
         public void stopResolution(int listenerKey) {
-            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
-                    NsdManager.STOP_RESOLUTION, 0, listenerKey, new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.STOP_RESOLUTION,
+                    0, listenerKey, new ListenerArgs(this, (NsdServiceInfo) null)));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -2061,13 +2370,13 @@
         public void unregisterServiceInfoCallback(int listenerKey) {
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
                     NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE_CALLBACK, 0, listenerKey,
-                    new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+                    new ListenerArgs(this, (NsdServiceInfo) null)));
         }
 
         @Override
         public void startDaemon() {
-            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
-                    NsdManager.DAEMON_STARTUP, new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.DAEMON_STARTUP,
+                    new ListenerArgs(this, (NsdServiceInfo) null)));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -2102,20 +2411,25 @@
             if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
                 throw new SecurityException("API is not available in before API level 33");
             }
-            // REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE was only added to the SDK in V, but may
-            // be back ported to older builds: accept it as long as it's signature-protected
-            if (PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(context, REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE)
-                    && (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV() || PermissionUtils.isSystemSignaturePermission(
-                    context, REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE))) {
-                return;
+
+            final ArrayList<String> permissionsList = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(NETWORK_STACK,
+                    PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, NETWORK_SETTINGS));
+
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                // REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE was only added to the SDK in V.
+                permissionsList.add(REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE);
+            } else if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) {
+                // REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE cannot be backport to U. In U, check the DEVICE_POWER
+                // permission instead.
+                permissionsList.add(DEVICE_POWER);
             }
-            if (PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(context, NETWORK_STACK,
-                    PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, NETWORK_SETTINGS)) {
+
+            if (PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf(context,
+                    permissionsList.toArray(new String[0]))) {
                 return;
             }
             throw new SecurityException("Requires one of the following permissions: "
-                    + String.join(", ", List.of(REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE, NETWORK_STACK,
-                    PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, NETWORK_SETTINGS)) + ".");
+                    + String.join(", ", permissionsList) + ".");
         }
     }
 
@@ -2133,6 +2447,11 @@
     }
 
     private boolean registerService(int transactionId, NsdServiceInfo service) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "registerService: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if (DBG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "registerService: " + transactionId + " " + service);
         }
@@ -2150,13 +2469,22 @@
     }
 
     private boolean unregisterService(int transactionId) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "unregisterService: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
         return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(transactionId);
     }
 
-    private boolean discoverServices(int transactionId, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
-        final String type = serviceInfo.getServiceType();
-        final int discoverInterface = getNetworkInterfaceIndex(serviceInfo);
-        if (serviceInfo.getNetwork() != null && discoverInterface == IFACE_IDX_ANY) {
+    private boolean discoverServices(int transactionId, DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "discoverServices: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final String type = discoveryRequest.getServiceType();
+        final int discoverInterface = getNetworkInterfaceIndex(discoveryRequest);
+        if (discoveryRequest.getNetwork() != null && discoverInterface == IFACE_IDX_ANY) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Interface to discover service on not found");
             return false;
         }
@@ -2164,10 +2492,18 @@
     }
 
     private boolean stopServiceDiscovery(int transactionId) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "stopServiceDiscovery: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
         return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(transactionId);
     }
 
     private boolean resolveService(int transactionId, NsdServiceInfo service) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "resolveService: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
         final String name = service.getServiceName();
         final String type = service.getServiceType();
         final int resolveInterface = getNetworkInterfaceIndex(service);
@@ -2198,7 +2534,26 @@
             }
             return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
         }
+        return getNetworkInterfaceIndex(network);
+    }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the interface to use to discover a service on a specific network, or {@link
+     * IFACE_IDX_ANY} if no network is specified.
+     */
+    private int getNetworkInterfaceIndex(DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest) {
+        final Network network = discoveryRequest.getNetwork();
+        if (network == null) {
+            return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
+        }
+        return getNetworkInterfaceIndex(network);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the interface of a specific network, or {@link IFACE_IDX_ANY} if no interface is
+     * associated with {@code network}.
+     */
+    private int getNetworkInterfaceIndex(@NonNull Network network) {
         String interfaceName = getNetworkInterfaceName(network);
         if (interfaceName == null) {
             return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
@@ -2241,31 +2596,62 @@
     }
 
     private boolean stopResolveService(int transactionId) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "stopResolveService: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
         return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(transactionId);
     }
 
     private boolean getAddrInfo(int transactionId, String hostname, int interfaceIdx) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "getAddrInfo: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
         return mMDnsManager.getServiceAddress(transactionId, hostname, interfaceIdx);
     }
 
     private boolean stopGetAddrInfo(int transactionId) {
+        if (mMDnsManager == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "stopGetAddrInfo: mMDnsManager is null");
+            return false;
+        }
         return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(transactionId);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
-        if (!PermissionUtils.checkDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, writer)) return;
+        if (!PermissionUtils.hasDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, writer)) return;
 
         final IndentingPrintWriter pw = new IndentingPrintWriter(writer, "  ");
         // Dump state machine logs
         mNsdStateMachine.dump(fd, pw, args);
 
+        // Dump clients
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Active clients:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(mNsdStateMachine.getHandler(), () -> {
+            for (ClientInfo clientInfo : mClients.values()) {
+                pw.println(clientInfo.toString());
+            }
+        }, 10_000);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
         // Dump service and clients logs
         pw.println();
         pw.println("Logs:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
         mServiceLogs.reverseDump(pw);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        //Dump DiscoveryManager
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("DiscoveryManager:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(
+                mNsdStateMachine.getHandler(), () -> mMdnsDiscoveryManager.dump(pw), 10_000);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
 
     private abstract static class ClientRequest {
@@ -2324,6 +2710,21 @@
         public int getSentQueryCount() {
             return mSentQueryCount;
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return getRequestDescriptor() + " {" + mTransactionId
+                    + ", startTime " + mStartTimeMs
+                    + ", foundServices " + mFoundServiceCount
+                    + ", lostServices " + mLostServiceCount
+                    + ", fromCache " + mIsServiceFromCache
+                    + ", sentQueries " + mSentQueryCount
+                    + "}";
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        protected abstract String getRequestDescriptor();
     }
 
     private static class LegacyClientRequest extends ClientRequest {
@@ -2333,6 +2734,12 @@
             super(transactionId, startTimeMs);
             mRequestCode = requestCode;
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        protected String getRequestDescriptor() {
+            return "Legacy (" + mRequestCode + ")";
+        }
     }
 
     private abstract static class JavaBackendClientRequest extends ClientRequest {
@@ -2352,9 +2759,20 @@
     }
 
     private static class AdvertiserClientRequest extends JavaBackendClientRequest {
+        @NonNull
+        private final String mServiceFullName;
+
         private AdvertiserClientRequest(int transactionId, @Nullable Network requestedNetwork,
-                long startTimeMs) {
+                @NonNull String serviceFullName, long startTimeMs) {
             super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, startTimeMs);
+            mServiceFullName = serviceFullName;
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String getRequestDescriptor() {
+            return String.format("Advertiser: serviceFullName=%s, net=%s",
+                    mServiceFullName, getRequestedNetwork());
         }
     }
 
@@ -2367,12 +2785,26 @@
             super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, startTimeMs);
             mListener = listener;
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String getRequestDescriptor() {
+            return String.format("Discovery/%s, net=%s", mListener, getRequestedNetwork());
+        }
     }
 
     /* Information tracked per client */
     private class ClientInfo {
 
-        private static final int MAX_LIMIT = 10;
+        /**
+         * Maximum number of requests (callbacks) for a client.
+         *
+         * 200 listeners should be more than enough for most use-cases: even if a client tries to
+         * file callbacks for every service on a local network, there are generally much less than
+         * 200 devices on a local network (a /24 only allows 255 IPv4 devices), and while some
+         * devices may have multiple services, many devices do not advertise any.
+         */
+        private static final int MAX_LIMIT = 200;
         private final INsdManagerCallback mCb;
         /* Remembers a resolved service until getaddrinfo completes */
         private NsdServiceInfo mResolvedService;
@@ -2403,22 +2835,24 @@
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-            sb.append("mResolvedService ").append(mResolvedService).append("\n");
-            sb.append("mIsLegacy ").append(mIsPreSClient).append("\n");
-            sb.append("mUseJavaBackend ").append(mUseJavaBackend).append("\n");
-            sb.append("mUid ").append(mUid).append("\n");
+            sb.append("mUid ").append(mUid).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mResolvedService ").append(mResolvedService).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mIsLegacy ").append(mIsPreSClient).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mUseJavaBackend ").append(mUseJavaBackend).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mClientRequests:\n");
             for (int i = 0; i < mClientRequests.size(); i++) {
                 int clientRequestId = mClientRequests.keyAt(i);
-                sb.append("clientRequestId ")
-                        .append(clientRequestId)
-                        .append(" transactionId ").append(mClientRequests.valueAt(i).mTransactionId)
-                        .append(" type ").append(
-                                mClientRequests.valueAt(i).getClass().getSimpleName())
+                sb.append("  ").append(clientRequestId)
+                        .append(": ").append(mClientRequests.valueAt(i).toString())
                         .append("\n");
             }
             return sb.toString();
         }
 
+        public int getUid() {
+            return mUid;
+        }
+
         private boolean isPreSClient() {
             return mIsPreSClient;
         }
@@ -2459,10 +2893,12 @@
                                 request.getFoundServiceCount(),
                                 request.getLostServiceCount(),
                                 request.getServicesCount(),
-                                request.getSentQueryCount());
+                                request.getSentQueryCount(),
+                                request.isServiceFromCache());
                     } else if (listener instanceof ResolutionListener) {
                         mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(false /* isLegacy */, transactionId,
-                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                                request.getSentQueryCount());
                     } else if (listener instanceof ServiceInfoListener) {
                         mMetrics.reportServiceInfoCallbackUnregistered(transactionId,
                                 request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
@@ -2498,12 +2934,14 @@
                                 request.getFoundServiceCount(),
                                 request.getLostServiceCount(),
                                 request.getServicesCount(),
-                                NO_SENT_QUERY_COUNT);
+                                NO_SENT_QUERY_COUNT,
+                                request.isServiceFromCache());
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE:
                         stopResolveService(transactionId);
                         mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(true /* isLegacy */, transactionId,
-                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                                NO_SENT_QUERY_COUNT);
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE:
                         unregisterService(transactionId);
@@ -2561,12 +2999,12 @@
                     && !(request instanceof AdvertiserClientRequest);
         }
 
-        void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info,
+        void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest,
                 ClientRequest request) {
             mMetrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(
                     isLegacyClientRequest(request), request.mTransactionId);
             try {
-                mCb.onDiscoverServicesStarted(listenerKey, info);
+                mCb.onDiscoverServicesStarted(listenerKey, discoveryRequest);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onDiscoverServicesStarted", e);
             }
@@ -2620,7 +3058,8 @@
                     request.getFoundServiceCount(),
                     request.getLostServiceCount(),
                     request.getServicesCount(),
-                    request.getSentQueryCount());
+                    request.getSentQueryCount(),
+                    request.isServiceFromCache());
             try {
                 mCb.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(listenerKey);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2719,7 +3158,8 @@
             mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(
                     isLegacyClientRequest(request),
                     request.mTransactionId,
-                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                    request.getSentQueryCount());
             try {
                 mCb.onStopResolutionSucceeded(listenerKey);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
index 1582fb6..54943c7 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
@@ -62,8 +64,6 @@
     @NonNull
     private final WeakReference<MdnsSocketClientBase> weakRequestSender;
     @NonNull
-    private final MdnsPacketWriter packetWriter;
-    @NonNull
     private final String[] serviceTypeLabels;
     @NonNull
     private final List<String> subtypes;
@@ -78,11 +78,16 @@
     private final MdnsUtils.Clock clock;
     @NonNull
     private final SharedLog sharedLog;
+    @NonNull
+    private final MdnsServiceTypeClient.Dependencies dependencies;
     private final boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
+    private final byte[] packetCreationBuffer = new byte[1500]; // TODO: use interface MTU
+    @NonNull
+    private final List<MdnsResponse> existingServices;
+    private final boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswer;
 
     EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable(
             @NonNull MdnsSocketClientBase requestSender,
-            @NonNull MdnsPacketWriter packetWriter,
             @NonNull String serviceType,
             @NonNull Collection<String> subtypes,
             boolean expectUnicastResponse,
@@ -92,9 +97,11 @@
             boolean sendDiscoveryQueries,
             @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve,
             @NonNull MdnsUtils.Clock clock,
-            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
+            @NonNull MdnsServiceTypeClient.Dependencies dependencies,
+            @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> existingServices,
+            boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswer) {
         weakRequestSender = new WeakReference<>(requestSender);
-        this.packetWriter = packetWriter;
         serviceTypeLabels = TextUtils.split(serviceType, "\\.");
         this.subtypes = new ArrayList<>(subtypes);
         this.expectUnicastResponse = expectUnicastResponse;
@@ -105,6 +112,9 @@
         this.servicesToResolve = new ArrayList<>(servicesToResolve);
         this.clock = clock;
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
+        this.dependencies = dependencies;
+        this.existingServices = new ArrayList<>(existingServices);
+        this.isQueryWithKnownAnswer = isQueryWithKnownAnswer;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -122,17 +132,22 @@
                 return Pair.create(INVALID_TRANSACTION_ID, new ArrayList<>());
             }
 
-            int numQuestions = 0;
+            final List<MdnsRecord> questions = new ArrayList<>();
 
             if (sendDiscoveryQueries) {
-                numQuestions++; // Base service type
-                if (!subtypes.isEmpty()) {
-                    numQuestions += subtypes.size();
+                // Base service type
+                questions.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(serviceTypeLabels, expectUnicastResponse));
+                for (String subtype : subtypes) {
+                    final String[] labels = new String[serviceTypeLabels.length + 2];
+                    labels[0] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_PREFIX + subtype;
+                    labels[1] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_LABEL;
+                    System.arraycopy(serviceTypeLabels, 0, labels, 2, serviceTypeLabels.length);
+
+                    questions.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(labels, expectUnicastResponse));
                 }
             }
 
             // List of (name, type) to query
-            final ArrayList<Pair<String[], Integer>> missingKnownAnswerRecords = new ArrayList<>();
             final long now = clock.elapsedRealtime();
             for (MdnsResponse response : servicesToResolve) {
                 final String[] serviceName = response.getServiceName();
@@ -142,13 +157,13 @@
                 boolean renewSrv = !response.hasServiceRecord() || MdnsUtils.isRecordRenewalNeeded(
                         response.getServiceRecord(), now);
                 if (renewSrv && renewTxt) {
-                    missingKnownAnswerRecords.add(new Pair<>(serviceName, MdnsRecord.TYPE_ANY));
+                    questions.add(new MdnsAnyRecord(serviceName, expectUnicastResponse));
                 } else {
                     if (renewTxt) {
-                        missingKnownAnswerRecords.add(new Pair<>(serviceName, MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT));
+                        questions.add(new MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, expectUnicastResponse));
                     }
                     if (renewSrv) {
-                        missingKnownAnswerRecords.add(new Pair<>(serviceName, MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV));
+                        questions.add(new MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, expectUnicastResponse));
                         // The hostname is not yet known, so queries for address records will be
                         // sent the next time the EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable is enqueued if the reply
                         // does not contain them. In practice, advertisers should include the
@@ -157,102 +172,99 @@
                     } else if (!response.hasInet4AddressRecord()
                             && !response.hasInet6AddressRecord()) {
                         final String[] host = response.getServiceRecord().getServiceHost();
-                        missingKnownAnswerRecords.add(new Pair<>(host, MdnsRecord.TYPE_A));
-                        missingKnownAnswerRecords.add(new Pair<>(host, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA));
+                        questions.add(new MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                                host, MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, expectUnicastResponse));
+                        questions.add(new MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                                host, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA, expectUnicastResponse));
                     }
                 }
             }
-            numQuestions += missingKnownAnswerRecords.size();
 
-            if (numQuestions == 0) {
+            if (questions.size() == 0) {
                 // No query to send
                 return Pair.create(INVALID_TRANSACTION_ID, new ArrayList<>());
             }
 
-            // Header.
-            packetWriter.writeUInt16(transactionId); // transaction ID
-            packetWriter.writeUInt16(MdnsConstants.FLAGS_QUERY); // flags
-            packetWriter.writeUInt16(numQuestions); // number of questions
-            packetWriter.writeUInt16(0); // number of answers (not yet known; will be written later)
-            packetWriter.writeUInt16(0); // number of authority entries
-            packetWriter.writeUInt16(0); // number of additional records
-
-            // Question(s) for missing records on known answers
-            for (Pair<String[], Integer> question : missingKnownAnswerRecords) {
-                writeQuestion(question.first, question.second);
-            }
-
-            // Question(s) for discovering other services with the type. There will be one question
-            // for each (fqdn+subtype, recordType) combination, as well as one for each (fqdn,
-            // recordType) combination.
+            // Put the existing ptr records into known-answer section.
+            final List<MdnsRecord> knownAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
             if (sendDiscoveryQueries) {
-                for (String subtype : subtypes) {
-                    String[] labels = new String[serviceTypeLabels.length + 2];
-                    labels[0] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_PREFIX + subtype;
-                    labels[1] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_LABEL;
-                    System.arraycopy(serviceTypeLabels, 0, labels, 2, serviceTypeLabels.length);
+                for (MdnsResponse existingService : existingServices) {
+                    for (MdnsPointerRecord ptrRecord : existingService.getPointerRecords()) {
+                        // Ignore any PTR records that don't match the current query.
+                        if (!CollectionUtils.any(questions,
+                                q -> q instanceof MdnsPointerRecord
+                                        && MdnsUtils.equalsDnsLabelIgnoreDnsCase(
+                                                q.getName(), ptrRecord.getName()))) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
 
-                    writeQuestion(labels, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR);
+                        knownAnswers.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(
+                                ptrRecord.getName(),
+                                ptrRecord.getReceiptTime(),
+                                ptrRecord.getCacheFlush(),
+                                ptrRecord.getRemainingTTL(now), // Put the remaining ttl.
+                                ptrRecord.getPointer()));
+                    }
                 }
-                writeQuestion(serviceTypeLabels, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR);
             }
 
-            sendPacketToIpv4AndIpv6(requestSender, MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT);
+            final MdnsPacket queryPacket = new MdnsPacket(
+                    transactionId,
+                    MdnsConstants.FLAGS_QUERY,
+                    questions,
+                    knownAnswers,
+                    Collections.emptyList(), /* authorityRecords */
+                    Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
+            sendPacketToIpv4AndIpv6(requestSender, MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, queryPacket);
             for (Integer emulatorPort : castShellEmulatorMdnsPorts) {
-                sendPacketToIpv4AndIpv6(requestSender, emulatorPort);
+                sendPacketToIpv4AndIpv6(requestSender, emulatorPort, queryPacket);
             }
             return Pair.create(transactionId, subtypes);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
             sharedLog.e(String.format("Failed to create mDNS packet for subtype: %s.",
                     TextUtils.join(",", subtypes)), e);
             return Pair.create(INVALID_TRANSACTION_ID, new ArrayList<>());
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeQuestion(String[] labels, int type) throws IOException {
-        packetWriter.writeLabels(labels);
-        packetWriter.writeUInt16(type);
-        packetWriter.writeUInt16(
-                MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET
-                        | (expectUnicastResponse ? MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST : 0));
-    }
-
-    private void sendPacket(MdnsSocketClientBase requestSender, InetSocketAddress address)
-            throws IOException {
-        DatagramPacket packet = packetWriter.getPacket(address);
+    private void sendPacket(MdnsSocketClientBase requestSender, InetSocketAddress address,
+            MdnsPacket mdnsPacket) throws IOException {
+        final List<DatagramPacket> packets = dependencies.getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                packetCreationBuffer, mdnsPacket, address, isQueryWithKnownAnswer);
         if (expectUnicastResponse) {
             // MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient is only available on T+
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU
                     && requestSender instanceof MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) {
                 ((MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) requestSender).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                        packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                        packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             } else {
                 requestSender.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                        packet, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                        packets, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             }
         } else {
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU
                     && requestSender instanceof MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) {
                 ((MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) requestSender)
                         .sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                                packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                                packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             } else {
                 requestSender.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                        packet, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                        packets, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private void sendPacketToIpv4AndIpv6(MdnsSocketClientBase requestSender, int port) {
+    private void sendPacketToIpv4AndIpv6(MdnsSocketClientBase requestSender, int port,
+            MdnsPacket mdnsPacket) {
         try {
             sendPacket(requestSender,
-                    new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), port));
+                    new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), port), mdnsPacket);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             sharedLog.e("Can't send packet to IPv4", e);
         }
         try {
             sendPacket(requestSender,
-                    new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), port));
+                    new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), port), mdnsPacket);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             sharedLog.e("Can't send packet to IPv6", e);
         }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index 28e3924..42efcac 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -17,11 +17,14 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.NO_PACKET;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_HOST;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_SERVICE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.MAX_LABEL_LENGTH;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
@@ -30,19 +33,24 @@
 import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Looper;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.function.BiPredicate;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
@@ -82,6 +90,7 @@
     private final Map<String, List<OffloadServiceInfoWrapper>> mInterfaceOffloadServices =
             new ArrayMap<>();
     private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
+    private final Map<String, Integer> mServiceTypeToOffloadPriority;
 
     /**
      * Dependencies for {@link MdnsAdvertiser}, useful for testing.
@@ -145,7 +154,9 @@
                 mSharedLog.wtf("Register succeeded for unknown registration");
                 return;
             }
-            if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled) {
+            if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled
+                    // TODO: Enable offload when the serviceInfo contains a custom host.
+                    && TextUtils.isEmpty(registration.getServiceInfo().getHostname())) {
                 final String interfaceName = advertiser.getSocketInterfaceName();
                 final List<OffloadServiceInfoWrapper> existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers =
                         mInterfaceOffloadServices.computeIfAbsent(interfaceName,
@@ -173,8 +184,11 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onServiceConflict(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId) {
-            mSharedLog.i("Found conflict, restarted probing for service " + serviceId);
+        public void onServiceConflict(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId,
+                int conflictType) {
+            mSharedLog.i("Found conflict, restarted probing for service "
+                    + serviceId + " "
+                    + conflictType);
 
             final Registration registration = mRegistrations.get(serviceId);
             if (registration == null) return;
@@ -199,10 +213,22 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            // Conflict was found during probing; rename once to find a name that has no conflict
-            registration.updateForConflict(
-                    registration.makeNewServiceInfoForConflict(1 /* renameCount */),
-                    1 /* renameCount */);
+            if ((conflictType & CONFLICT_SERVICE) != 0) {
+                // Service conflict was found during probing; rename once to find a name that has no
+                // conflict
+                registration.updateForServiceConflict(
+                        registration.makeNewServiceInfoForServiceConflict(1 /* renameCount */),
+                        1 /* renameCount */);
+            }
+
+            if ((conflictType & CONFLICT_HOST) != 0) {
+                // Host conflict was found during probing; rename once to find a name that has no
+                // conflict
+                registration.updateForHostConflict(
+                        registration.makeNewServiceInfoForHostConflict(1 /* renameCount */),
+                        1 /* renameCount */);
+            }
+
             registration.mConflictDuringProbingCount++;
 
             // Keep renaming if the new name conflicts in local registrations
@@ -215,33 +241,61 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            for (int i = mAdvertiserRequests.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                if (mAdvertiserRequests.valueAt(i).onAdvertiserDestroyed(socket)) {
-                    mAdvertiserRequests.removeAt(i);
-                }
-            }
-            mAllAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+        public void onAllServicesRemoved(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
+            if (DBG) { mSharedLog.i("onAllServicesRemoved: " + socket); }
+            // Try destroying the advertiser if all services has been removed
+            destroyAdvertiser(socket, false /* interfaceDestroyed */);
         }
     };
 
-    private boolean hasAnyConflict(
+    private boolean hasAnyServiceConflict(
             @NonNull BiPredicate<Network, InterfaceAdvertiserRequest> applicableAdvertiserFilter,
-            @NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo) {
-        return any(mAdvertiserRequests, (network, adv) ->
-                applicableAdvertiserFilter.test(network, adv) && adv.hasConflict(newInfo));
+            @NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo,
+            @NonNull Registration originalRegistration) {
+        return any(
+                mAdvertiserRequests,
+                (network, adv) ->
+                        applicableAdvertiserFilter.test(network, adv)
+                                && adv.hasServiceConflict(newInfo, originalRegistration));
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasAnyHostConflict(
+            @NonNull BiPredicate<Network, InterfaceAdvertiserRequest> applicableAdvertiserFilter,
+            @NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo,
+            int clientUid) {
+        // Check if it conflicts with custom hosts.
+        if (any(
+                mAdvertiserRequests,
+                (network, adv) ->
+                        applicableAdvertiserFilter.test(network, adv)
+                                && adv.hasHostConflict(newInfo, clientUid))) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Check if it conflicts with the default hostname.
+        return MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(newInfo.getHostname(), mDeviceHostName[0]);
     }
 
     private void updateRegistrationUntilNoConflict(
             @NonNull BiPredicate<Network, InterfaceAdvertiserRequest> applicableAdvertiserFilter,
             @NonNull Registration registration) {
-        int renameCount = 0;
         NsdServiceInfo newInfo = registration.getServiceInfo();
-        while (hasAnyConflict(applicableAdvertiserFilter, newInfo)) {
-            renameCount++;
-            newInfo = registration.makeNewServiceInfoForConflict(renameCount);
+
+        int renameServiceCount = 0;
+        while (hasAnyServiceConflict(applicableAdvertiserFilter, newInfo, registration)) {
+            renameServiceCount++;
+            newInfo = registration.makeNewServiceInfoForServiceConflict(renameServiceCount);
         }
-        registration.updateForConflict(newInfo, renameCount);
+        registration.updateForServiceConflict(newInfo, renameServiceCount);
+
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(registration.getServiceInfo().getHostname())) {
+            int renameHostCount = 0;
+            while (hasAnyHostConflict(
+                    applicableAdvertiserFilter, newInfo, registration.mClientUid)) {
+                renameHostCount++;
+                newInfo = registration.makeNewServiceInfoForHostConflict(renameHostCount);
+            }
+            registration.updateForHostConflict(newInfo, renameHostCount);
+        }
     }
 
     private void maybeSendOffloadStop(final String interfaceName, int serviceId) {
@@ -261,6 +315,30 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Destroys the advertiser for the interface indicated by {@code socket}.
+     *
+     * {@code interfaceDestroyed} should be set to {@code true} if this method is called because
+     * the associated interface has been destroyed.
+     */
+    private void destroyAdvertiser(MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, boolean interfaceDestroyed) {
+        InterfaceAdvertiserRequest advertiserRequest;
+
+        MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAllAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+        if (advertiser != null) {
+            advertiser.destroyNow();
+            if (DBG) { mSharedLog.i("MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser is destroyed: " + advertiser); }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = mAdvertiserRequests.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            advertiserRequest = mAdvertiserRequests.valueAt(i);
+            if (advertiserRequest.onAdvertiserDestroyed(socket, interfaceDestroyed)) {
+                if (DBG) { mSharedLog.i("AdvertiserRequest is removed: " + advertiserRequest); }
+                mAdvertiserRequests.removeAt(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * A request for a {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser}.
      *
      * This class tracks services to be advertised on all sockets provided via a registered
@@ -279,13 +357,22 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Called when an advertiser was destroyed, after all services were unregistered and it sent
-         * exit announcements, or the interface is gone.
+         * Called when the interface advertiser associated with {@code socket} has been destroyed.
          *
-         * @return true if this {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest} should now be deleted.
+         * {@code interfaceDestroyed} should be set to {@code true} if this method is called because
+         * the associated interface has been destroyed.
+         *
+         * @return true if the {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest} should now be deleted
          */
-        boolean onAdvertiserDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
+        boolean onAdvertiserDestroyed(
+                @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, boolean interfaceDestroyed) {
             final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser removedAdvertiser = mAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+            if (removedAdvertiser != null
+                    && !interfaceDestroyed && mPendingRegistrations.size() > 0) {
+                mSharedLog.wtf(
+                        "unexpected onAdvertiserDestroyed() when there are pending registrations");
+            }
+
             if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled && removedAdvertiser != null) {
                 final String interfaceName = removedAdvertiser.getSocketInterfaceName();
                 // If the interface is destroyed, stop all hardware offloading on that
@@ -320,17 +407,34 @@
 
         /**
          * Return whether using the proposed new {@link NsdServiceInfo} to add a registration would
-         * cause a conflict in this {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest}.
+         * cause a conflict of the service in this {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest}.
          */
-        boolean hasConflict(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo) {
-            return getConflictingService(newInfo) >= 0;
+        boolean hasServiceConflict(
+                @NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo, @NonNull Registration originalRegistration) {
+            return getConflictingRegistrationDueToService(newInfo, originalRegistration) >= 0;
         }
 
         /**
-         * Get the ID of a conflicting service, or -1 if none.
+         * Return whether using the proposed new {@link NsdServiceInfo} to add a registration would
+         * cause a conflict of the host in this {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest}.
+         *
+         * @param clientUid UID of the user who wants to advertise the serviceInfo.
          */
-        int getConflictingService(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        boolean hasHostConflict(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo, int clientUid) {
+            return getConflictingRegistrationDueToHost(newInfo, clientUid) >= 0;
+        }
+
+        /** Get the ID of a conflicting registration due to service, or -1 if none. */
+        int getConflictingRegistrationDueToService(
+                @NonNull NsdServiceInfo info, @NonNull Registration originalRegistration) {
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(info.getServiceName())) {
+                return -1;
+            }
             for (int i = 0; i < mPendingRegistrations.size(); i++) {
+                // Never conflict with itself
+                if (mPendingRegistrations.valueAt(i) == originalRegistration) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 final NsdServiceInfo other = mPendingRegistrations.valueAt(i).getServiceInfo();
                 if (MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(info.getServiceName(), other.getServiceName())
                         && MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(info.getServiceType(),
@@ -342,16 +446,49 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Add a service.
+         * Get the ID of a conflicting registration due to host, or -1 if none.
          *
-         * Conflicts must be checked via {@link #getConflictingService} before attempting to add.
+         * <p>If there's already another registration with the same hostname requested by another
+         * user, this is a conflict.
+         *
+         * <p>If there're two registrations both containing address records using the same hostname,
+         * this is a conflict.
          */
-        void addService(int id, Registration registration) {
+        int getConflictingRegistrationDueToHost(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info, int clientUid) {
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(info.getHostname())) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < mPendingRegistrations.size(); i++) {
+                final Registration otherRegistration = mPendingRegistrations.valueAt(i);
+                final NsdServiceInfo otherInfo = otherRegistration.getServiceInfo();
+                final int otherServiceId = mPendingRegistrations.keyAt(i);
+                if (clientUid != otherRegistration.mClientUid
+                        && MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+                                info.getHostname(), otherInfo.getHostname())) {
+                    return otherServiceId;
+                }
+                if (!info.getHostAddresses().isEmpty()
+                        && !otherInfo.getHostAddresses().isEmpty()
+                        && MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+                                info.getHostname(), otherInfo.getHostname())) {
+                    return otherServiceId;
+                }
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add a service to advertise.
+         *
+         * <p>Conflicts must be checked via {@link #getConflictingRegistrationDueToService} and
+         * {@link #getConflictingRegistrationDueToHost} before attempting to add.
+         */
+        void addService(int id, @NonNull Registration registration) {
             mPendingRegistrations.put(id, registration);
             for (int i = 0; i < mAdvertisers.size(); i++) {
                 try {
-                    mAdvertisers.valueAt(i).addService(
-                            id, registration.getServiceInfo(), registration.getSubtype());
+                    mAdvertisers.valueAt(i).addService(id, registration.getServiceInfo(),
+                            registration.getAdvertisingOptions());
                 } catch (NameConflictException e) {
                     mSharedLog.wtf("Name conflict adding services that should have unique names",
                             e);
@@ -359,6 +496,18 @@
             }
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Update an already registered service.
+         * The caller is expected to check that the service being updated doesn't change its name
+         */
+        void updateService(int id, @NonNull Registration registration) {
+            mPendingRegistrations.put(id, registration);
+            for (int i = 0; i < mAdvertisers.size(); i++) {
+                mAdvertisers.valueAt(i).updateService(
+                        id, registration.getServiceInfo().getSubtypes());
+            }
+        }
+
         void removeService(int id) {
             mPendingRegistrations.remove(id);
             for (int i = 0; i < mAdvertisers.size(); i++) {
@@ -405,7 +554,7 @@
                 final Registration registration = mPendingRegistrations.valueAt(i);
                 try {
                     advertiser.addService(mPendingRegistrations.keyAt(i),
-                            registration.getServiceInfo(), registration.getSubtype());
+                            registration.getServiceInfo(), registration.getAdvertisingOptions());
                 } catch (NameConflictException e) {
                     mSharedLog.wtf("Name conflict adding services that should have unique names",
                             e);
@@ -417,7 +566,7 @@
         public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
             final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAdvertisers.get(socket);
-            if (advertiser != null) advertiser.destroyNow();
+            if (advertiser != null) destroyAdvertiser(socket, true /* interfaceDestroyed */);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -467,21 +616,45 @@
     }
 
     private static class Registration {
-        @NonNull
-        final String mOriginalName;
+        @Nullable
+        final String mOriginalServiceName;
+        @Nullable
+        final String mOriginalHostname;
         boolean mNotifiedRegistrationSuccess;
-        private int mConflictCount;
+        private int mServiceNameConflictCount;
+        private int mHostnameConflictCount;
         @NonNull
         private NsdServiceInfo mServiceInfo;
-        @Nullable
-        private final String mSubtype;
+        final int mClientUid;
+        private final MdnsAdvertisingOptions mAdvertisingOptions;
         int mConflictDuringProbingCount;
         int mConflictAfterProbingCount;
 
-        private Registration(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, @Nullable String subtype) {
-            this.mOriginalName = serviceInfo.getServiceName();
+        private Registration(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int clientUid,
+                @NonNull MdnsAdvertisingOptions advertisingOptions) {
+            this.mOriginalServiceName = serviceInfo.getServiceName();
+            this.mOriginalHostname = serviceInfo.getHostname();
             this.mServiceInfo = serviceInfo;
-            this.mSubtype = subtype;
+            this.mClientUid = clientUid;
+            this.mAdvertisingOptions = advertisingOptions;
+        }
+
+        /** Check if the new {@link NsdServiceInfo} doesn't update any data other than subtypes. */
+        public boolean isSubtypeOnlyUpdate(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo) {
+            return Objects.equals(newInfo.getServiceName(), mOriginalServiceName)
+                    && Objects.equals(newInfo.getServiceType(), mServiceInfo.getServiceType())
+                    && newInfo.getPort() == mServiceInfo.getPort()
+                    && Objects.equals(newInfo.getHostname(), mOriginalHostname)
+                    && Objects.equals(newInfo.getHostAddresses(), mServiceInfo.getHostAddresses())
+                    && Objects.equals(newInfo.getNetwork(), mServiceInfo.getNetwork());
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Update subTypes for the registration.
+         */
+        public void updateSubtypes(@NonNull Set<String> subtypes) {
+            mServiceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(mServiceInfo);
+            mServiceInfo.setSubtypes(subtypes);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -490,8 +663,19 @@
          * @param newInfo New service info to use.
          * @param renameCount How many renames were done before reaching the current name.
          */
-        private void updateForConflict(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo, int renameCount) {
-            mConflictCount += renameCount;
+        private void updateForServiceConflict(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo, int renameCount) {
+            mServiceNameConflictCount += renameCount;
+            mServiceInfo = newInfo;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Update the registration to use a different host name, after a conflict was found.
+         *
+         * @param newInfo New service info to use.
+         * @param renameCount How many renames were done before reaching the current name.
+         */
+        private void updateForHostConflict(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo newInfo, int renameCount) {
+            mHostnameConflictCount += renameCount;
             mServiceInfo = newInfo;
         }
 
@@ -507,39 +691,57 @@
          * @param renameCount How much to increase the number suffix for this conflict.
          */
         @NonNull
-        public NsdServiceInfo makeNewServiceInfoForConflict(int renameCount) {
+        public NsdServiceInfo makeNewServiceInfoForServiceConflict(int renameCount) {
             // In case of conflict choose a different service name. After the first conflict use
             // "Name (2)", then "Name (3)" etc.
             // TODO: use a hidden method in NsdServiceInfo once MdnsAdvertiser is moved to service-t
-            final NsdServiceInfo newInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+            final NsdServiceInfo newInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(mServiceInfo);
             newInfo.setServiceName(getUpdatedServiceName(renameCount));
-            newInfo.setServiceType(mServiceInfo.getServiceType());
-            for (Map.Entry<String, byte[]> attr : mServiceInfo.getAttributes().entrySet()) {
-                newInfo.setAttribute(attr.getKey(),
-                        attr.getValue() == null ? null : new String(attr.getValue()));
-            }
-            newInfo.setHost(mServiceInfo.getHost());
-            newInfo.setPort(mServiceInfo.getPort());
-            newInfo.setNetwork(mServiceInfo.getNetwork());
-            // interfaceIndex is not set when registering
+            return newInfo;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Make a new hostname for the registration, after a conflict was found.
+         *
+         * <p>If a name conflict was found during probing or because different advertising requests
+         * used the same name, the registration is attempted again with a new name (here using a
+         * number suffix, -1, -2, etc). Registration success is notified once probing succeeds with
+         * a new name.
+         *
+         * @param renameCount How much to increase the number suffix for this conflict.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NsdServiceInfo makeNewServiceInfoForHostConflict(int renameCount) {
+            // In case of conflict choose a different hostname. After the first conflict use
+            // "Name-2", then "Name-3" etc.
+            final NsdServiceInfo newInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(mServiceInfo);
+            newInfo.setHostname(getUpdatedHostname(renameCount));
             return newInfo;
         }
 
         private String getUpdatedServiceName(int renameCount) {
-            final String suffix = " (" + (mConflictCount + renameCount + 1) + ")";
-            final String truncatedServiceName = MdnsUtils.truncateServiceName(mOriginalName,
+            final String suffix = " (" + (mServiceNameConflictCount + renameCount + 1) + ")";
+            final String truncatedServiceName = MdnsUtils.truncateServiceName(mOriginalServiceName,
                     MAX_LABEL_LENGTH - suffix.length());
             return truncatedServiceName + suffix;
         }
 
+        private String getUpdatedHostname(int renameCount) {
+            final String suffix = "-" + (mHostnameConflictCount + renameCount + 1);
+            final String truncatedHostname =
+                    MdnsUtils.truncateServiceName(
+                            mOriginalHostname, MAX_LABEL_LENGTH - suffix.length());
+            return truncatedHostname + suffix;
+        }
+
         @NonNull
         public NsdServiceInfo getServiceInfo() {
             return mServiceInfo;
         }
 
-        @Nullable
-        public String getSubtype() {
-            return mSubtype;
+        @NonNull
+        public MdnsAdvertisingOptions getAdvertisingOptions() {
+            return mAdvertisingOptions;
         }
     }
 
@@ -608,14 +810,16 @@
 
     public MdnsAdvertiser(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider socketProvider,
             @NonNull AdvertiserCallback cb, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
-            @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mDnsFeatureFlags) {
-        this(looper, socketProvider, cb, new Dependencies(), sharedLog, mDnsFeatureFlags);
+            @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mDnsFeatureFlags, @NonNull Context context) {
+        this(looper, socketProvider, cb, new Dependencies(), sharedLog, mDnsFeatureFlags,
+                context);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     MdnsAdvertiser(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider socketProvider,
             @NonNull AdvertiserCallback cb, @NonNull Dependencies deps,
-            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mDnsFeatureFlags) {
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mDnsFeatureFlags,
+            @NonNull Context context) {
         mLooper = looper;
         mCb = cb;
         mSocketProvider = socketProvider;
@@ -623,6 +827,31 @@
         mDeviceHostName = deps.generateHostname();
         mSharedLog = sharedLog;
         mMdnsFeatureFlags = mDnsFeatureFlags;
+        final ConnectivityResources res = new ConnectivityResources(context);
+        mServiceTypeToOffloadPriority = parseOffloadPriorityList(
+                res.get().getStringArray(R.array.config_nsdOffloadServicesPriority), sharedLog);
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String, Integer> parseOffloadPriorityList(
+            @NonNull String[] resValues, SharedLog sharedLog) {
+        final Map<String, Integer> priorities = new ArrayMap<>(resValues.length);
+        for (String entry : resValues) {
+            final String[] priorityAndType = entry.split(":", 2);
+            if (priorityAndType.length != 2) {
+                sharedLog.wtf("Invalid config_nsdOffloadServicesPriority ignored: " + entry);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final int priority;
+            try {
+                priority = Integer.parseInt(priorityAndType[0]);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                sharedLog.wtf("Invalid priority in config_nsdOffloadServicesPriority: " + entry);
+                continue;
+            }
+            priorities.put(MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(priorityAndType[1]), priority);
+        }
+        return priorities;
     }
 
     private void checkThread() {
@@ -632,42 +861,69 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Add a service to advertise.
+     * Add or update a service to advertise.
+     *
      * @param id A unique ID for the service.
      * @param service The service info to advertise.
-     * @param subtype An optional subtype to advertise the service with.
+     * @param advertisingOptions The advertising options.
+     * @param clientUid The UID who wants to advertise the service.
      */
-    public void addService(int id, NsdServiceInfo service, @Nullable String subtype) {
+    public void addOrUpdateService(int id, NsdServiceInfo service,
+            MdnsAdvertisingOptions advertisingOptions, int clientUid) {
         checkThread();
-        if (mRegistrations.get(id) != null) {
-            mSharedLog.e("Adding duplicate registration for " + service);
-            // TODO (b/264986328): add a more specific error code
-            mCb.onRegisterServiceFailed(id, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        mSharedLog.i("Adding service " + service + " with ID " + id + " and subtype " + subtype);
-
+        final Registration existingRegistration = mRegistrations.get(id);
         final Network network = service.getNetwork();
-        final Registration registration = new Registration(service, subtype);
-        final BiPredicate<Network, InterfaceAdvertiserRequest> checkConflictFilter;
-        if (network == null) {
-            // If registering on all networks, no advertiser must have conflicts
-            checkConflictFilter = (net, adv) -> true;
-        } else {
-            // If registering on one network, the matching network advertiser and the one for all
-            // networks must not have conflicts
-            checkConflictFilter = (net, adv) -> net == null || network.equals(net);
-        }
+        final Set<String> subtypes = service.getSubtypes();
+        Registration registration;
+        if (advertisingOptions.isOnlyUpdate()) {
+            if (existingRegistration == null) {
+                mSharedLog.e("Update non existing registration for " + service);
+                mCb.onRegisterServiceFailed(id, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!(existingRegistration.isSubtypeOnlyUpdate(service))) {
+                mSharedLog.e("Update request can only update subType, serviceInfo: " + service
+                        + ", existing serviceInfo: " + existingRegistration.getServiceInfo());
+                mCb.onRegisterServiceFailed(id, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return;
 
-        updateRegistrationUntilNoConflict(checkConflictFilter, registration);
+            }
+            mSharedLog.i("Update service " + service + " with ID " + id + " and subtypes "
+                    + subtypes + " advertisingOptions " + advertisingOptions);
+            registration = existingRegistration;
+            registration.updateSubtypes(subtypes);
+        } else {
+            if (existingRegistration != null) {
+                mSharedLog.e("Adding duplicate registration for " + service);
+                // TODO (b/264986328): add a more specific error code
+                mCb.onRegisterServiceFailed(id, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return;
+            }
+            mSharedLog.i("Adding service " + service + " with ID " + id + " and subtypes "
+                    + subtypes + " advertisingOptions " + advertisingOptions);
+            registration = new Registration(service, clientUid, advertisingOptions);
+            final BiPredicate<Network, InterfaceAdvertiserRequest> checkConflictFilter;
+            if (network == null) {
+                // If registering on all networks, no advertiser must have conflicts
+                checkConflictFilter = (net, adv) -> true;
+            } else {
+                // If registering on one network, the matching network advertiser and the one
+                // for all networks must not have conflicts
+                checkConflictFilter = (net, adv) -> net == null || network.equals(net);
+            }
+            updateRegistrationUntilNoConflict(checkConflictFilter, registration);
+        }
 
         InterfaceAdvertiserRequest advertiser = mAdvertiserRequests.get(network);
         if (advertiser == null) {
             advertiser = new InterfaceAdvertiserRequest(network);
             mAdvertiserRequests.put(network, advertiser);
         }
-        advertiser.addService(id, registration);
+        if (advertisingOptions.isOnlyUpdate()) {
+            advertiser.updateService(id, registration);
+        } else {
+            advertiser.addService(id, registration);
+        }
         mRegistrations.put(id, registration);
     }
 
@@ -738,21 +994,17 @@
     private OffloadServiceInfoWrapper createOffloadService(int serviceId,
             @NonNull Registration registration, byte[] rawOffloadPacket) {
         final NsdServiceInfo nsdServiceInfo = registration.getServiceInfo();
-        final List<String> subTypes = new ArrayList<>();
-        String subType = registration.getSubtype();
-        if (subType != null) {
-            subTypes.add(subType);
-        }
+        final Integer mapPriority = mServiceTypeToOffloadPriority.get(
+                MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(nsdServiceInfo.getServiceType()));
+        // Higher values of priority are less prioritized
+        final int priority = mapPriority == null ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : mapPriority;
         final OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo = new OffloadServiceInfo(
                 new OffloadServiceInfo.Key(nsdServiceInfo.getServiceName(),
                         nsdServiceInfo.getServiceType()),
-                subTypes,
+                new ArrayList<>(nsdServiceInfo.getSubtypes()),
                 String.join(".", mDeviceHostName),
                 rawOffloadPacket,
-                // TODO: define overlayable resources in
-                // ServiceConnectivityResources that set the priority based on
-                // service type.
-                0 /* priority */,
+                priority,
                 // TODO: set the offloadType based on the callback timing.
                 OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY);
         return new OffloadServiceInfoWrapper(serviceId, offloadServiceInfo);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertisingOptions.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertisingOptions.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a81d1e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertisingOptions.java
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * API configuration parameters for advertising the mDNS service.
+ *
+ * <p>Use {@link MdnsAdvertisingOptions.Builder} to create {@link MdnsAdvertisingOptions}.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class MdnsAdvertisingOptions {
+
+    private static MdnsAdvertisingOptions sDefaultOptions;
+    private final boolean mIsOnlyUpdate;
+    @Nullable
+    private final Duration mTtl;
+
+    /**
+     * Parcelable constructs for a {@link MdnsAdvertisingOptions}.
+     */
+    MdnsAdvertisingOptions(boolean isOnlyUpdate, @Nullable Duration ttl) {
+        this.mIsOnlyUpdate = isOnlyUpdate;
+        this.mTtl = ttl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Builder} for {@link MdnsAdvertisingOptions}.
+     */
+    public static Builder newBuilder() {
+        return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a default search options.
+     */
+    public static synchronized MdnsAdvertisingOptions getDefaultOptions() {
+        if (sDefaultOptions == null) {
+            sDefaultOptions = newBuilder().build();
+        }
+        return sDefaultOptions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if the advertising request is an update request.
+     */
+    public boolean isOnlyUpdate() {
+        return mIsOnlyUpdate;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the TTL for all records in a service.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Duration getTtl() {
+        return mTtl;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (!(other instanceof MdnsAdvertisingOptions)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            final MdnsAdvertisingOptions otherOptions = (MdnsAdvertisingOptions) other;
+            return mIsOnlyUpdate == otherOptions.mIsOnlyUpdate
+                    && Objects.equals(mTtl, otherOptions.mTtl);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mIsOnlyUpdate, mTtl);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "MdnsAdvertisingOptions{" + "mIsOnlyUpdate=" + mIsOnlyUpdate + ", mTtl=" + mTtl
+                + '}';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A builder to create {@link MdnsAdvertisingOptions}.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private boolean mIsOnlyUpdate = false;
+        @Nullable
+        private Duration mTtl;
+
+        private Builder() {
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets if the advertising request is an update request.
+         */
+        public Builder setIsOnlyUpdate(boolean isOnlyUpdate) {
+            this.mIsOnlyUpdate = isOnlyUpdate;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the TTL duration for all records of the service.
+         */
+        public Builder setTtl(@Nullable Duration ttl) {
+            this.mTtl = ttl;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds a {@link MdnsAdvertisingOptions} with the arguments supplied to this builder.
+         */
+        public MdnsAdvertisingOptions build() {
+            return new MdnsAdvertisingOptions(mIsOnlyUpdate, mTtl);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
index 766f999..0ab7a76 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
@@ -16,26 +16,29 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
-
 import android.Manifest.permission;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
+import androidx.annotation.GuardedBy;
+
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /**
  * This class keeps tracking the set of registered {@link MdnsServiceBrowserListener} instances, and
@@ -50,11 +53,13 @@
     @NonNull private final SharedLog sharedLog;
 
     @NonNull private final PerSocketServiceTypeClients perSocketServiceTypeClients;
-    @NonNull private final Handler handler;
-    @Nullable private final HandlerThread handlerThread;
-    @NonNull private final MdnsServiceCache serviceCache;
+    @NonNull private final DiscoveryExecutor discoveryExecutor;
     @NonNull private final MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags;
 
+    // Only accessed on the handler thread, initialized before first use
+    @Nullable
+    private MdnsServiceCache serviceCache;
+
     private static class PerSocketServiceTypeClients {
         private final ArrayMap<Pair<String, SocketKey>, MdnsServiceTypeClient> clients =
                 new ArrayMap<>();
@@ -125,33 +130,82 @@
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         this.perSocketServiceTypeClients = new PerSocketServiceTypeClients();
         this.mdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
-        if (socketClient.getLooper() != null) {
-            this.handlerThread = null;
-            this.handler = new Handler(socketClient.getLooper());
-            this.serviceCache = new MdnsServiceCache(socketClient.getLooper(), mdnsFeatureFlags);
-        } else {
-            this.handlerThread = new HandlerThread(MdnsDiscoveryManager.class.getSimpleName());
-            this.handlerThread.start();
-            this.handler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());
-            this.serviceCache = new MdnsServiceCache(handlerThread.getLooper(), mdnsFeatureFlags);
-        }
+        this.discoveryExecutor = new DiscoveryExecutor(socketClient.getLooper());
     }
 
-    private void checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(@NonNull Runnable function) {
-        if (this.handlerThread == null) {
-            function.run();
-        } else {
+    private static class DiscoveryExecutor implements Executor {
+        private final HandlerThread handlerThread;
+
+        @GuardedBy("pendingTasks")
+        @Nullable private Handler handler;
+        @GuardedBy("pendingTasks")
+        @NonNull private final ArrayList<Runnable> pendingTasks = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        DiscoveryExecutor(@Nullable Looper defaultLooper) {
+            if (defaultLooper != null) {
+                this.handlerThread = null;
+                synchronized (pendingTasks) {
+                    this.handler = new Handler(defaultLooper);
+                }
+            } else {
+                this.handlerThread = new HandlerThread(MdnsDiscoveryManager.class.getSimpleName()) {
+                    @Override
+                    protected void onLooperPrepared() {
+                        synchronized (pendingTasks) {
+                            handler = new Handler(getLooper());
+                            for (Runnable pendingTask : pendingTasks) {
+                                handler.post(pendingTask);
+                            }
+                            pendingTasks.clear();
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                this.handlerThread.start();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(@NonNull Runnable function) {
+            if (this.handlerThread == null) {
+                // Callers are expected to already be running on the handler when a defaultLooper
+                // was provided
+                function.run();
+            } else {
+                execute(function);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void execute(Runnable function) {
+            final Handler handler;
+            synchronized (pendingTasks) {
+                if (this.handler == null) {
+                    pendingTasks.add(function);
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    handler = this.handler;
+                }
+            }
             handler.post(function);
         }
+
+        void shutDown() {
+            if (this.handlerThread != null) {
+                this.handlerThread.quitSafely();
+            }
+        }
+
+        void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
+            synchronized (pendingTasks) {
+                MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Do the cleanup of the MdnsDiscoveryManager
      */
     public void shutDown() {
-        if (this.handlerThread != null) {
-            this.handlerThread.quitSafely();
-        }
+        discoveryExecutor.shutDown();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -169,7 +223,7 @@
             @NonNull MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener,
             @NonNull MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions) {
         sharedLog.i("Registering listener for serviceType: " + serviceType);
-        checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
+        discoveryExecutor.checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
                 handleRegisterListener(serviceType, listener, searchOptions));
     }
 
@@ -187,11 +241,30 @@
             }
         }
         // Request the network for discovery.
+        // This requests sockets on all networks even if the searchOptions have a given interface
+        // index (with getNetwork==null, for local interfaces), and only uses matching interfaces
+        // in that case. While this is a simple solution to only use matching sockets, a better
+        // practice would be to only request the correct socket for discovery.
+        // TODO: avoid requesting extra sockets after migrating P2P and tethering networks to local
+        // NetworkAgents.
         socketClient.notifyNetworkRequested(listener, searchOptions.getNetwork(),
                 new MdnsSocketClientBase.SocketCreationCallback() {
                     @Override
                     public void onSocketCreated(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
-                        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
+                        discoveryExecutor.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+                        final int searchInterfaceIndex = searchOptions.getInterfaceIndex();
+                        if (searchOptions.getNetwork() == null
+                                && searchInterfaceIndex > 0
+                                // The interface index in options should only match interfaces that
+                                // do not have any Network; a matching Network should be provided
+                                // otherwise.
+                                && (socketKey.getNetwork() != null
+                                    || socketKey.getInterfaceIndex() != searchInterfaceIndex)) {
+                            sharedLog.i("Skipping " + socketKey + " as ifIndex "
+                                    + searchInterfaceIndex + " was requested.");
+                            return;
+                        }
+
                         // All listeners of the same service types shares the same
                         // MdnsServiceTypeClient.
                         MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient =
@@ -206,7 +279,7 @@
 
                     @Override
                     public void onSocketDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
-                        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
+                        discoveryExecutor.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
                         final MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient =
                                 perSocketServiceTypeClients.get(serviceType, socketKey);
                         if (serviceTypeClient == null) return;
@@ -229,7 +302,8 @@
     public void unregisterListener(
             @NonNull String serviceType, @NonNull MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener) {
         sharedLog.i("Unregistering listener for serviceType:" + serviceType);
-        checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() -> handleUnregisterListener(serviceType, listener));
+        discoveryExecutor.checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
+                handleUnregisterListener(serviceType, listener));
     }
 
     private void handleUnregisterListener(
@@ -260,7 +334,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void onResponseReceived(@NonNull MdnsPacket packet, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
-        checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
+        discoveryExecutor.checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
                 handleOnResponseReceived(packet, socketKey));
     }
 
@@ -282,7 +356,7 @@
     @Override
     public void onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(int receivedPacketNumber, int errorCode,
             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
-        checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
+        discoveryExecutor.checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
                 handleOnFailedToParseMdnsResponse(receivedPacketNumber, errorCode, socketKey));
     }
 
@@ -296,12 +370,31 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     MdnsServiceTypeClient createServiceTypeClient(@NonNull String serviceType,
             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+        discoveryExecutor.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
         sharedLog.log("createServiceTypeClient for type:" + serviceType + " " + socketKey);
         final String tag = serviceType + "-" + socketKey.getNetwork()
                 + "/" + socketKey.getInterfaceIndex();
+        final Looper looper = Looper.myLooper();
+        if (serviceCache == null) {
+            serviceCache = new MdnsServiceCache(looper, mdnsFeatureFlags);
+        }
         return new MdnsServiceTypeClient(
                 serviceType, socketClient,
                 executorProvider.newServiceTypeClientSchedulerExecutor(), socketKey,
-                sharedLog.forSubComponent(tag), handler.getLooper(), serviceCache);
+                sharedLog.forSubComponent(tag), looper, serviceCache, mdnsFeatureFlags);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump DiscoveryManager state.
+     */
+    public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+        discoveryExecutor.checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() -> {
+            pw.println();
+            // Dump ServiceTypeClients
+            for (MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient
+                    : perSocketServiceTypeClients.getAllMdnsServiceTypeClient()) {
+                serviceTypeClient.dump(pw);
+            }
+        });
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
index 6f7645e..f4a08ba 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
  */
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
 /**
  * The class that contains mDNS feature flags;
  */
@@ -36,6 +39,34 @@
     public static final String NSD_EXPIRED_SERVICES_REMOVAL =
             "nsd_expired_services_removal";
 
+    /**
+     * A feature flag to control whether the label count limit should be enabled.
+     */
+    public static final String NSD_LIMIT_LABEL_COUNT = "nsd_limit_label_count";
+
+    /**
+     * A feature flag to control whether the known-answer suppression should be enabled.
+     */
+    public static final String NSD_KNOWN_ANSWER_SUPPRESSION = "nsd_known_answer_suppression";
+
+    /**
+     * A feature flag to control whether unicast replies should be enabled.
+     *
+     * <p>Enabling this feature causes replies to queries with the Query Unicast (QU) flag set to be
+     * sent unicast instead of multicast, as per RFC6762 5.4.
+     */
+    public static final String NSD_UNICAST_REPLY_ENABLED = "nsd_unicast_reply_enabled";
+
+    /**
+     * A feature flag to control whether the aggressive query mode should be enabled.
+     */
+    public static final String NSD_AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE = "nsd_aggressive_query_mode";
+
+    /**
+     * A feature flag to control whether the query with known-answer should be enabled.
+     */
+    public static final String NSD_QUERY_WITH_KNOWN_ANSWER = "nsd_query_with_known_answer";
+
     // Flag for offload feature
     public final boolean mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled;
 
@@ -45,14 +76,92 @@
     // Flag for expired services removal
     public final boolean mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled;
 
+    // Flag for label count limit
+    public final boolean mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled;
+
+    // Flag for known-answer suppression
+    public final boolean mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled;
+
+    // Flag to enable replying unicast to queries requesting unicast replies
+    public final boolean mIsUnicastReplyEnabled;
+
+    // Flag for aggressive query mode
+    public final boolean mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled;
+
+    // Flag for query with known-answer
+    public final boolean mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final FlagOverrideProvider mOverrideProvider;
+
+    /**
+     * A provider that can indicate whether a flag should be force-enabled for testing purposes.
+     */
+    public interface FlagOverrideProvider {
+        /**
+         * Indicates whether the flag should be force-enabled for testing purposes.
+         */
+        boolean isForceEnabledForTest(@NonNull String flag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the flag should be force-enabled for testing purposes.
+     */
+    private boolean isForceEnabledForTest(@NonNull String flag) {
+        return mOverrideProvider != null && mOverrideProvider.isForceEnabledForTest(flag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether {@link #NSD_UNICAST_REPLY_ENABLED} is enabled, including for testing.
+     */
+    public boolean isUnicastReplyEnabled() {
+        return mIsUnicastReplyEnabled || isForceEnabledForTest(NSD_UNICAST_REPLY_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether {@link #NSD_AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE} is enabled, including for testing.
+     */
+    public boolean isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled() {
+        return mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled || isForceEnabledForTest(NSD_AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether {@link #NSD_KNOWN_ANSWER_SUPPRESSION} is enabled, including for testing.
+     */
+    public boolean isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled() {
+        return mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled
+                || isForceEnabledForTest(NSD_KNOWN_ANSWER_SUPPRESSION);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether {@link #NSD_QUERY_WITH_KNOWN_ANSWER} is enabled, including for testing.
+     */
+    public boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled() {
+        return mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled
+                || isForceEnabledForTest(NSD_QUERY_WITH_KNOWN_ANSWER);
+    }
+
     /**
      * The constructor for {@link MdnsFeatureFlags}.
      */
     public MdnsFeatureFlags(boolean isOffloadFeatureEnabled,
-            boolean includeInetAddressRecordsInProbing, boolean isExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled) {
+            boolean includeInetAddressRecordsInProbing,
+            boolean isExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled,
+            boolean isLabelCountLimitEnabled,
+            boolean isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled,
+            boolean isUnicastReplyEnabled,
+            boolean isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled,
+            boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled,
+            @Nullable FlagOverrideProvider overrideProvider) {
         mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled = isOffloadFeatureEnabled;
         mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing = includeInetAddressRecordsInProbing;
         mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled = isExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled;
+        mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled = isLabelCountLimitEnabled;
+        mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled = isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled;
+        mIsUnicastReplyEnabled = isUnicastReplyEnabled;
+        mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled = isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled;
+        mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled = isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled;
+        mOverrideProvider = overrideProvider;
     }
 
 
@@ -67,6 +176,12 @@
         private boolean mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled;
         private boolean mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing;
         private boolean mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled;
+        private boolean mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled;
+        private boolean mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled;
+        private boolean mIsUnicastReplyEnabled;
+        private boolean mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled;
+        private boolean mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled;
+        private FlagOverrideProvider mOverrideProvider;
 
         /**
          * The constructor for {@link Builder}.
@@ -74,7 +189,13 @@
         public Builder() {
             mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled = false;
             mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing = false;
-            mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled = true; // Default enabled.
+            mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled = false;
+            mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled = true; // Default enabled.
+            mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled = false;
+            mIsUnicastReplyEnabled = true;
+            mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled = false;
+            mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled = false;
+            mOverrideProvider = null;
         }
 
         /**
@@ -109,11 +230,79 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Set whether the label count limit is enabled.
+         *
+         * @see #NSD_LIMIT_LABEL_COUNT
+         */
+        public Builder setIsLabelCountLimitEnabled(boolean isLabelCountLimitEnabled) {
+            mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled = isLabelCountLimitEnabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether the known-answer suppression is enabled.
+         *
+         * @see #NSD_KNOWN_ANSWER_SUPPRESSION
+         */
+        public Builder setIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled(boolean isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled) {
+            mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled = isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether the unicast reply feature is enabled.
+         *
+         * @see #NSD_UNICAST_REPLY_ENABLED
+         */
+        public Builder setIsUnicastReplyEnabled(boolean isUnicastReplyEnabled) {
+            mIsUnicastReplyEnabled = isUnicastReplyEnabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set a {@link FlagOverrideProvider} to be used by {@link #isForceEnabledForTest(String)}.
+         *
+         * If non-null, features that use {@link #isForceEnabledForTest(String)} will use that
+         * provider to query whether the flag should be force-enabled.
+         */
+        public Builder setOverrideProvider(@Nullable FlagOverrideProvider overrideProvider) {
+            mOverrideProvider = overrideProvider;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether the aggressive query mode is enabled.
+         *
+         * @see #NSD_AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
+         */
+        public Builder setIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled(boolean isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled) {
+            mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled = isAggressiveQueryModeEnabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether the query with known-answer is enabled.
+         *
+         * @see #NSD_QUERY_WITH_KNOWN_ANSWER
+         */
+        public Builder setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled) {
+            mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled = isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Builds a {@link MdnsFeatureFlags} with the arguments supplied to this builder.
          */
         public MdnsFeatureFlags build() {
             return new MdnsFeatureFlags(mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled,
-                    mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing, mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled);
+                    mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing,
+                    mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled,
+                    mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled,
+                    mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled,
+                    mIsUnicastReplyEnabled,
+                    mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled,
+                    mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled,
+                    mOverrideProvider);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java
index 973fd96..4399f2d 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@
         super(name, type, reader, isQuestion);
     }
 
+    public MdnsInetAddressRecord(String[] name, int type, boolean isUnicast) {
+        super(name, type,
+                MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET | (isUnicast ? MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST : 0),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */, 0L /* ttlMillis */);
+    }
+
     public MdnsInetAddressRecord(String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush,
                     long ttlMillis, InetAddress address) {
         super(name, address instanceof Inet4Address ? TYPE_A : TYPE_AAAA,
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
index 42a6b0d..0b2003f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
@@ -36,13 +36,19 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * A class that handles advertising services on a {@link MdnsInterfaceSocket} tied to an interface.
  */
 @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 public class MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser implements MulticastPacketReader.PacketHandler {
+    public static final int CONFLICT_SERVICE = 1 << 0;
+    public static final int CONFLICT_HOST = 1 << 1;
+
     private static final boolean DBG = MdnsAdvertiser.DBG;
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final long EXIT_ANNOUNCEMENT_DELAY_MS = 100L;
@@ -65,11 +71,12 @@
     private final MdnsProber mProber;
     @NonNull
     private final MdnsReplySender mReplySender;
-
     @NonNull
     private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
     @NonNull
     private final byte[] mPacketCreationBuffer;
+    @NonNull
+    private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
 
     /**
      * Callbacks called by {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser} to report status updates.
@@ -83,18 +90,26 @@
         /**
          * Called by the advertiser when a conflict was found, during or after probing.
          *
-         * If a conflict is found during probing, the {@link #renameServiceForConflict} must be
+         * <p>If a conflict is found during probing, the {@link #renameServiceForConflict} must be
          * called to restart probing and attempt registration with a different name.
+         *
+         * <p>{@code conflictType} is a bitmap telling which part of the service is conflicting. See
+         * {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser#CONFLICT_SERVICE} and {@link
+         * MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser#CONFLICT_HOST}.
          */
-        void onServiceConflict(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId);
+        void onServiceConflict(
+                @NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId, int conflictType);
 
         /**
-         * Called by the advertiser when it destroyed itself.
+         * Called when all services on this interface advertiser has already been removed and exit
+         * announcements have been sent.
          *
-         * This can happen after a call to {@link #destroyNow()}, or after all services were
-         * unregistered and the advertiser finished sending exit announcements.
+         * <p>It's guaranteed that there are no service registrations in the
+         * MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser when this callback is invoked.
+         *
+         * <p>This is typically listened by the {@link MdnsAdvertiser} to release the resources
          */
-        void onDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket);
+        void onAllServicesRemoved(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -120,6 +135,15 @@
 
             mAnnouncer.startSending(info.getServiceId(), announcementInfo,
                     0L /* initialDelayMs */);
+
+            // Re-announce the services which have the same custom hostname.
+            final String hostname = mRecordRepository.getHostnameForServiceId(info.getServiceId());
+            if (hostname != null) {
+                final List<MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo> announcementInfos =
+                        new ArrayList<>(mRecordRepository.restartAnnouncingForHostname(hostname));
+                announcementInfos.removeIf((i) -> i.getServiceId() == info.getServiceId());
+                reannounceServices(announcementInfos);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -136,10 +160,11 @@
         public void onFinished(@NonNull BaseAnnouncementInfo info) {
             if (info instanceof MdnsAnnouncer.ExitAnnouncementInfo) {
                 mRecordRepository.removeService(info.getServiceId());
-
-                if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
-                    destroyNow();
-                }
+                mCbHandler.post(() -> {
+                    if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
+                        mCb.onAllServicesRemoved(mSocket);
+                    }
+                });
             }
         }
     }
@@ -160,10 +185,11 @@
         @NonNull
         public MdnsReplySender makeReplySender(@NonNull String interfaceTag, @NonNull Looper looper,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer,
-                @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+                @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
             return new MdnsReplySender(looper, socket, packetCreationBuffer,
                     sharedLog.forSubComponent(
-                            MdnsReplySender.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceTag), DBG);
+                            MdnsReplySender.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceTag), DBG,
+                    mdnsFeatureFlags);
         }
 
         /** @see MdnsAnnouncer */
@@ -206,34 +232,47 @@
         mCb = cb;
         mCbHandler = new Handler(looper);
         mReplySender = deps.makeReplySender(sharedLog.getTag(), looper, socket,
-                packetCreationBuffer, sharedLog);
+                packetCreationBuffer, sharedLog, mdnsFeatureFlags);
         mPacketCreationBuffer = packetCreationBuffer;
         mAnnouncer = deps.makeMdnsAnnouncer(sharedLog.getTag(), looper, mReplySender,
                 mAnnouncingCallback, sharedLog);
         mProber = deps.makeMdnsProber(sharedLog.getTag(), looper, mReplySender, mProbingCallback,
                 sharedLog);
         mSharedLog = sharedLog;
+        mMdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
     }
 
     /**
      * Start the advertiser.
      *
      * The advertiser will stop itself when all services are removed and exit announcements sent,
-     * notifying via {@link Callback#onDestroyed}. This can also be triggered manually via
-     * {@link #destroyNow()}.
+     * notifying via {@link Callback#onAllServicesRemoved}.
      */
     public void start() {
         mSocket.addPacketHandler(this);
     }
 
     /**
+     * Update an already registered service without sending exit/re-announcement packet.
+     *
+     * @param id An exiting service id
+     * @param subtypes New subtypes
+     */
+    public void updateService(int id, @NonNull Set<String> subtypes) {
+        // The current implementation is intended to be used in cases where subtypes don't get
+        // announced.
+        mRecordRepository.updateService(id, subtypes);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Start advertising a service.
      *
      * @throws NameConflictException There is already a service being advertised with that name.
      */
-    public void addService(int id, NsdServiceInfo service, @Nullable String subtype)
-            throws NameConflictException {
-        final int replacedExitingService = mRecordRepository.addService(id, service, subtype);
+    public void addService(int id, NsdServiceInfo service,
+            @NonNull MdnsAdvertisingOptions advertisingOptions) throws NameConflictException {
+        final int replacedExitingService =
+                mRecordRepository.addService(id, service, advertisingOptions.getTtl());
         // Cancel announcements for the existing service. This only happens for exiting services
         // (so cancelling exiting announcements), as per RecordRepository.addService.
         if (replacedExitingService >= 0) {
@@ -253,10 +292,11 @@
         if (!mRecordRepository.hasActiveService(id)) return;
         mProber.stop(id);
         mAnnouncer.stop(id);
+        final String hostname = mRecordRepository.getHostnameForServiceId(id);
         final MdnsAnnouncer.ExitAnnouncementInfo exitInfo = mRecordRepository.exitService(id);
         if (exitInfo != null) {
-            // This effectively schedules destroyNow(), as it is to be called when the exit
-            // announcement finishes if there is no service left.
+            // This effectively schedules onAllServicesRemoved(), as it is to be called when the
+            // exit announcement finishes if there is no service left.
             // A non-zero exit announcement delay follows legacy mdnsresponder behavior, and is
             // also useful to ensure that when a host receives the exit announcement, the service
             // has been unregistered on all interfaces; so an announcement sent from interface A
@@ -266,9 +306,22 @@
         } else {
             // No exit announcement necessary: remove the service immediately.
             mRecordRepository.removeService(id);
-            if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
-                destroyNow();
-            }
+            mCbHandler.post(() -> {
+                if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
+                    mCb.onAllServicesRemoved(mSocket);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        // Re-probe/re-announce the services which have the same custom hostname. These services
+        // were probed/announced using host addresses which were just removed so they should be
+        // re-probed/re-announced without those addresses.
+        if (hostname != null) {
+            final List<MdnsProber.ProbingInfo> probingInfos =
+                    mRecordRepository.restartProbingForHostname(hostname);
+            reprobeServices(probingInfos);
+            final List<MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo> announcementInfos =
+                    mRecordRepository.restartAnnouncingForHostname(hostname);
+            reannounceServices(announcementInfos);
         }
     }
 
@@ -302,7 +355,8 @@
     /**
      * Destroy the advertiser immediately, not sending any exit announcement.
      *
-     * <p>Useful when the underlying network went away. This will trigger an onDestroyed callback.
+     * <p>This is typically called when all services on the interface are removed or when the
+     * underlying network went away.
      */
     public void destroyNow() {
         for (int serviceId : mRecordRepository.clearServices()) {
@@ -311,7 +365,6 @@
         }
         mReplySender.cancelAll();
         mSocket.removePacketHandler(this);
-        mCbHandler.post(() -> mCb.onDestroyed(mSocket));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -321,6 +374,7 @@
         final MdnsProber.ProbingInfo probingInfo = mRecordRepository.setServiceProbing(serviceId);
         if (probingInfo == null) return false;
 
+        mAnnouncer.stop(serviceId);
         mProber.restartForConflict(probingInfo);
         return true;
     }
@@ -351,7 +405,7 @@
     public void handlePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length, InetSocketAddress src) {
         final MdnsPacket packet;
         try {
-            packet = MdnsPacket.parse(new MdnsPacketReader(recvbuf, length));
+            packet = MdnsPacket.parse(new MdnsPacketReader(recvbuf, length, mMdnsFeatureFlags));
         } catch (MdnsPacket.ParseException e) {
             mSharedLog.e("Error parsing mDNS packet", e);
             if (DBG) {
@@ -359,23 +413,33 @@
             }
             return;
         }
+        // recvbuf and src are reused after this returns; ensure references to src are not kept.
+        final InetSocketAddress srcCopy = new InetSocketAddress(src.getAddress(), src.getPort());
 
         if (DBG) {
             mSharedLog.v("Parsed packet with " + packet.questions.size() + " questions, "
                     + packet.answers.size() + " answers, "
                     + packet.authorityRecords.size() + " authority, "
-                    + packet.additionalRecords.size() + " additional from " + src);
+                    + packet.additionalRecords.size() + " additional from " + srcCopy);
         }
 
-        for (int conflictServiceId : mRecordRepository.getConflictingServices(packet)) {
-            mCbHandler.post(() -> mCb.onServiceConflict(this, conflictServiceId));
+        Map<Integer, Integer> conflictingServices =
+                mRecordRepository.getConflictingServices(packet);
+
+        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : conflictingServices.entrySet()) {
+            int serviceId = entry.getKey();
+            int conflictType = entry.getValue();
+            mCbHandler.post(
+                    () -> {
+                        mCb.onServiceConflict(this, serviceId, conflictType);
+                    });
         }
 
         // Even in case of conflict, add replies for other services. But in general conflicts would
         // happen when the incoming packet has answer records (not a question), so there will be no
         // answer. One exception is simultaneous probe tiebreaking (rfc6762 8.2), in which case the
         // conflicting service is still probing and won't reply either.
-        final MdnsReplyInfo answers = mRecordRepository.getReply(packet, src);
+        final MdnsReplyInfo answers = mRecordRepository.getReply(packet, srcCopy);
 
         if (answers == null) return;
         mReplySender.queueReply(answers);
@@ -403,4 +467,19 @@
             return new byte[0];
         }
     }
+
+    private void reprobeServices(List<MdnsProber.ProbingInfo> probingInfos) {
+        for (MdnsProber.ProbingInfo probingInfo : probingInfos) {
+            mProber.stop(probingInfo.getServiceId());
+            mProber.startProbing(probingInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void reannounceServices(List<MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo> announcementInfos) {
+        for (MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo announcementInfo : announcementInfos) {
+            mAnnouncer.stop(announcementInfo.getServiceId());
+            mAnnouncer.startSending(
+                    announcementInfo.getServiceId(), announcementInfo, 0 /* initialDelayMs */);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsKeyRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsKeyRecord.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8a56e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsKeyRecord.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.toHexString;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/** An mDNS "KEY" record, which contains a public key for a name. See RFC 2535. */
+@VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
+public class MdnsKeyRecord extends MdnsRecord {
+    @Nullable private byte[] rData;
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, @NonNull MdnsPacketReader reader)
+            throws IOException {
+        this(name, reader, false);
+    }
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, @NonNull MdnsPacketReader reader,
+            boolean isQuestion) throws IOException {
+        super(name, TYPE_KEY, reader, isQuestion);
+    }
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, boolean isUnicast) {
+        super(name, TYPE_KEY,
+                MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET | (isUnicast ? MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST : 0),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */, 0L /* ttlMillis */);
+    }
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush,
+            long ttlMillis, @Nullable byte[] rData) {
+        super(name, TYPE_KEY, MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET, receiptTimeMillis, cacheFlush,
+                ttlMillis);
+        if (rData != null) {
+            this.rData = Arrays.copyOf(rData, rData.length);
+        }
+    }
+    /** Returns the KEY RDATA in bytes **/
+    public byte[] getRData() {
+        if (rData == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(rData, rData.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void readData(MdnsPacketReader reader) throws IOException {
+        rData = new byte[reader.getRemaining()];
+        reader.readBytes(rData);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void writeData(MdnsPacketWriter writer) throws IOException {
+        if (rData != null) {
+            writer.writeBytes(rData);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "KEY: " + toHexString(rData);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return (super.hashCode() * 31) + Arrays.hashCode(rData);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!(other instanceof MdnsKeyRecord)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return super.equals(other) && Arrays.equals(rData, ((MdnsKeyRecord) other).rData);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
index 4ba6912..fcfb15f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
     @NonNull private final Handler mHandler;
     @NonNull private final MdnsSocketProvider mSocketProvider;
     @NonNull private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
+    @NonNull private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
 
     private final ArrayMap<MdnsServiceBrowserListener, InterfaceSocketCallback> mSocketRequests =
             new ArrayMap<>();
@@ -58,11 +60,12 @@
     private int mReceivedPacketNumber = 0;
 
     public MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(@NonNull Looper looper,
-            @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider provider,
-            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+            @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider provider, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
+            @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
         mHandler = new Handler(looper);
         mSocketProvider = provider;
         mSharedLog = sharedLog;
+        mMdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
     }
 
     private class InterfaceSocketCallback implements MdnsSocketProvider.SocketCallback {
@@ -94,7 +97,8 @@
         @Override
         public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            notifySocketDestroyed(socketKey);
+            mActiveSockets.remove(socketKey);
+            mSocketCreationCallback.onSocketDestroyed(socketKey);
             maybeCleanupPacketHandler(socketKey);
         }
 
@@ -210,24 +214,30 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    private void sendMdnsPacket(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet, @NonNull SocketKey targetSocketKey,
-            boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+    private void sendMdnsPackets(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
+            @NonNull SocketKey targetSocketKey, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = getTargetSocket(targetSocketKey);
         if (socket == null) {
             mSharedLog.e("No socket matches targetSocketKey=" + targetSocketKey);
             return;
         }
+        if (packets.isEmpty()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "No mDns packets to send");
+            return;
+        }
 
-        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet6Address;
-        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet4Address;
+        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address;
+        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
         final boolean shouldQueryIpv6 = !onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks || !socket.hasJoinedIpv4();
         // Check ip capability and network before sending packet
         if ((isIpv6 && socket.hasJoinedIpv6() && shouldQueryIpv6)
                 || (isIpv4 && socket.hasJoinedIpv4())) {
             try {
-                socket.send(packet);
+                for (DatagramPacket packet : packets) {
+                    socket.send(packet);
+                }
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 mSharedLog.e("Failed to send a mDNS packet.", e);
             }
@@ -239,7 +249,7 @@
 
         final MdnsPacket response;
         try {
-            response = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(recvbuf, length);
+            response = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(recvbuf, length, mMdnsFeatureFlags);
         } catch (MdnsPacket.ParseException e) {
             if (e.code != MdnsResponseErrorCode.ERROR_NOT_RESPONSE_MESSAGE) {
                 mSharedLog.e(e.getMessage(), e);
@@ -256,34 +266,34 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given socket key that asks for multicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given socket key that asks for multicast response.
      */
-    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
-        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPacket(packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
+        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPackets(packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
     }
 
     @Override
     public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-            @NonNull DatagramPacket packet, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+            @NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This socket client need to specify the socket to"
                 + "send packet");
     }
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given socket key that asks for unicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given socket key that asks for unicast response.
      *
      * <p>The socket client may use a null network to identify some or all interfaces, in which case
      * passing null sends the packet to these.
      */
-    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
-        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPacket(packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
+        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPackets(packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
     }
 
     @Override
     public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-            @NonNull DatagramPacket packet, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+            @NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This socket client need to specify the socket to"
                 + "send packet");
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java
index 1fabd49..aef8211 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     @NonNull
     public final List<MdnsRecord> additionalRecords;
 
-    MdnsPacket(int flags,
+    public MdnsPacket(int flags,
             @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> questions,
             @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> answers,
             @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> authorityRecords,
@@ -196,6 +196,15 @@
                 }
             }
 
+            case MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY: {
+                try {
+                    return new MdnsKeyRecord(name, reader, isQuestion);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    throw new ParseException(MdnsResponseErrorCode.ERROR_READING_KEY_RDATA,
+                            "Failed to read KEY record from mDNS response.", e);
+                }
+            }
+
             case MdnsRecord.TYPE_NSEC: {
                 try {
                     return new MdnsNsecRecord(name, reader, isQuestion);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReader.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReader.java
index aa38844..32060a2 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReader.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReader.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
@@ -30,24 +31,31 @@
 
 /** Simple decoder for mDNS packets. */
 public class MdnsPacketReader {
+    // The total length in bytes should be less than 255 bytes anyway (including labels and label
+    // length) per RFC9267, so limit the number of labels to 128 (each label is 2 bytes with the
+    // length).
+    // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9267.html#name-label-and-name-length-valid
+    private static final int LABEL_COUNT_LIMIT = 128;
     private final byte[] buf;
     private final int count;
     private final SparseArray<LabelEntry> labelDictionary;
+    private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
     private int pos;
     private int limit;
 
     /** Constructs a reader for the given packet. */
     public MdnsPacketReader(DatagramPacket packet) {
-        this(packet.getData(), packet.getLength());
+        this(packet.getData(), packet.getLength(), MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build());
     }
 
     /** Constructs a reader for the given packet. */
-    public MdnsPacketReader(byte[] buffer, int length) {
+    public MdnsPacketReader(byte[] buffer, int length, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
         buf = buffer;
         count = length;
         pos = 0;
         limit = -1;
         labelDictionary = new SparseArray<>(16);
+        mMdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -137,6 +145,7 @@
     public String[] readLabels() throws IOException {
         List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(5);
         LabelEntry previousEntry = null;
+        int tracingHops = 0;
 
         while (getRemaining() > 0) {
             byte nextByte = peekByte();
@@ -161,6 +170,10 @@
                 // Follow the chain of labels starting at this pointer, adding all of them onto the
                 // result.
                 while (labelOffset != 0) {
+                    if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled
+                            && tracingHops > LABEL_COUNT_LIMIT) {
+                        throw new IOException("Invalid MDNS response packet: Too many labels.");
+                    }
                     LabelEntry entry = labelDictionary.get(labelOffset);
                     if (entry == null) {
                         throw new IOException(
@@ -169,6 +182,7 @@
                     }
                     result.add(entry.label);
                     labelOffset = entry.nextOffset;
+                    tracingHops++;
                 }
                 break;
             } else {
@@ -269,4 +283,4 @@
             this.label = label;
         }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java
index 41cc380..e5c90a4 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@
         super(name, TYPE_PTR, reader, isQuestion);
     }
 
+    public MdnsPointerRecord(String[] name, boolean isUnicast) {
+        super(name, TYPE_PTR,
+                MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET | (isUnicast ? MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST : 0),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */, 0L /* ttlMillis */);
+    }
+
     public MdnsPointerRecord(String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush,
                     long ttlMillis, String[] pointer) {
         super(name, TYPE_PTR, MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET, receiptTimeMillis, cacheFlush,
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
index 28bd1b4..b865319 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@
     public static final int TYPE_PTR = 0x000C;
     public static final int TYPE_SRV = 0x0021;
     public static final int TYPE_TXT = 0x0010;
+    public static final int TYPE_KEY = 0x0019;
     public static final int TYPE_NSEC = 0x002f;
     public static final int TYPE_ANY = 0x00ff;
 
@@ -176,6 +178,16 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * For questions, returns whether a unicast reply was requested.
+     *
+     * In practice this is identical to {@link #getCacheFlush()}, as the "cache flush" flag in
+     * replies is the same as "unicast reply requested" in questions.
+     */
+    public final boolean isUnicastReplyRequested() {
+        return (cls & MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Returns the record's remaining TTL.
      *
      * If the record was not sent yet (receipt time {@link #RECEIPT_TIME_NOT_SENT}), this is the
@@ -221,7 +233,7 @@
      * @param writer The writer to use.
      * @param now    The current system time. This is used when writing the updated TTL.
      */
-    @VisibleForTesting
+    @VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
     public final void write(MdnsPacketWriter writer, long now) throws IOException {
         writeHeaderFields(writer);
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
index 73c1758..36f3982 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.NO_PACKET;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_HOST;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_SERVICE;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -28,8 +30,11 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
@@ -41,11 +46,13 @@
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -53,6 +60,8 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
  * A repository of records advertised through {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser}.
@@ -68,19 +77,23 @@
     // TTL for records with a host name as the resource record's name (e.g., A, AAAA, HINFO) or a
     // host name contained within the resource record's rdata (e.g., SRV, reverse mapping PTR
     // record)
-    private static final long NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(120);
+    private static final long DEFAULT_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(120);
     // TTL for other records
-    private static final long NON_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(75);
+    private static final long DEFAULT_NON_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(75);
 
     // Top-level domain for link-local queries, as per RFC6762 3.
     private static final String LOCAL_TLD = "local";
-    // Subtype separator as per RFC6763 7.1 (_printer._sub._http._tcp.local)
-    private static final String SUBTYPE_SEPARATOR = "_sub";
 
     // Service type for service enumeration (RFC6763 9.)
     private static final String[] DNS_SD_SERVICE_TYPE =
             new String[] { "_services", "_dns-sd", "_udp", LOCAL_TLD };
 
+    private enum RecordConflictType {
+        NO_CONFLICT,
+        CONFLICT,
+        IDENTICAL
+    }
+
     @NonNull
     private final Random mDelayGenerator = new Random();
     // Map of service unique ID -> records for service
@@ -91,7 +104,10 @@
     @NonNull
     private final Looper mLooper;
     @NonNull
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    @NonNull
     private final String[] mDeviceHostname;
+    @NonNull
     private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
 
     public MdnsRecordRepository(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull String[] deviceHostname,
@@ -104,6 +120,7 @@
             @NonNull String[] deviceHostname, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
         mDeviceHostname = deviceHostname;
         mLooper = looper;
+        mDeps = deps;
         mMdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
     }
 
@@ -120,6 +137,10 @@
         public Enumeration<InetAddress> getInterfaceInetAddresses(@NonNull NetworkInterface iface) {
             return iface.getInetAddresses();
         }
+
+        public long elapsedRealTime() {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        }
     }
 
     private static class RecordInfo<T extends MdnsRecord> {
@@ -133,27 +154,31 @@
         public final boolean isSharedName;
 
         /**
-         * Whether probing is still in progress for the record.
+         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when advertised via multicast on IPv4, 0
+         * if never
          */
-        public boolean isProbing;
+        public long lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs;
 
         /**
-         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when advertised via multicast, 0 if never
+         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when advertised via multicast on IPv6, 0
+         * if never
          */
-        public long lastAdvertisedTimeMs;
+        public long lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs;
 
         /**
-         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when sent via unicast or multicast,
-         * 0 if never
+         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when sent via unicast or multicast, 0 if
+         * never.
+         *
+         * <p>Different from lastAdvertisedOnIpv(4|6)TimeMs, lastSentTimeMs is mainly used for
+         * tracking is a record is ever sent out, no matter unicast/multicast or IPv4/IPv6. It's
+         * unnecessary to maintain two versions (IPv4/IPv6) for it.
          */
         public long lastSentTimeMs;
 
-        RecordInfo(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, T record, boolean sharedName,
-                 boolean probing) {
+        RecordInfo(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, T record, boolean sharedName) {
             this.serviceInfo = serviceInfo;
             this.record = record;
             this.isSharedName = sharedName;
-            this.isProbing = probing;
         }
     }
 
@@ -162,19 +187,23 @@
         public final List<RecordInfo<?>> allRecords;
         @NonNull
         public final List<RecordInfo<MdnsPointerRecord>> ptrRecords;
-        @NonNull
+        @Nullable
         public final RecordInfo<MdnsServiceRecord> srvRecord;
-        @NonNull
+        @Nullable
         public final RecordInfo<MdnsTextRecord> txtRecord;
+        @Nullable
+        public final RecordInfo<MdnsKeyRecord> serviceKeyRecord;
+        @Nullable
+        public final RecordInfo<MdnsKeyRecord> hostKeyRecord;
+        @NonNull
+        public final List<RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord>> addressRecords;
         @NonNull
         public final NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo;
-        @Nullable
-        public final String subtype;
 
         /**
          * Whether the service is sending exit announcements and will be destroyed soon.
          */
-        public boolean exiting = false;
+        public boolean exiting;
 
         /**
          * The replied query packet count of this service.
@@ -187,94 +216,191 @@
         public int sentPacketCount = NO_PACKET;
 
         /**
+         * Whether probing is still in progress.
+         */
+        private boolean isProbing;
+
+        @Nullable
+        private Duration ttl;
+
+        /**
+         * Create a ServiceRegistration with only update the subType.
+         */
+        ServiceRegistration withSubtypes(@NonNull Set<String> newSubtypes) {
+            NsdServiceInfo newServiceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(serviceInfo);
+            newServiceInfo.setSubtypes(newSubtypes);
+            return new ServiceRegistration(srvRecord.record.getServiceHost(), newServiceInfo,
+                    repliedServiceCount, sentPacketCount, exiting, isProbing, ttl);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a ServiceRegistration for dns-sd service registration (RFC6763).
+         */
+        ServiceRegistration(@NonNull String[] deviceHostname, @NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+                int repliedServiceCount, int sentPacketCount, boolean exiting, boolean isProbing,
+                @Nullable Duration ttl) {
+            this.serviceInfo = serviceInfo;
+
+            final long nonNameRecordsTtlMillis;
+            final long nameRecordsTtlMillis;
+
+            // When custom TTL is specified, all records of the service will use the custom TTL.
+            // This is typically useful for SRP (Service Registration Protocol:
+            // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-dnssd-srp-24) Advertising Proxy
+            // where all records in a single SRP are required the same TTL.
+            if (ttl != null) {
+                nonNameRecordsTtlMillis = ttl.toMillis();
+                nameRecordsTtlMillis = ttl.toMillis();
+            } else {
+                nonNameRecordsTtlMillis = DEFAULT_NON_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS;
+                nameRecordsTtlMillis = DEFAULT_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS;
+            }
+
+            final boolean hasCustomHost = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostname());
+            final String[] hostname =
+                    hasCustomHost
+                            ? new String[] {serviceInfo.getHostname(), LOCAL_TLD}
+                            : deviceHostname;
+            final ArrayList<RecordInfo<?>> allRecords = new ArrayList<>(5);
+
+            final boolean hasService = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceType());
+            final String[] serviceType = hasService ? splitServiceType(serviceInfo) : null;
+            final String[] serviceName =
+                    hasService ? splitFullyQualifiedName(serviceInfo, serviceType) : null;
+            if (hasService && hasSrvRecord(serviceInfo)) {
+                // Service PTR records
+                ptrRecords = new ArrayList<>(serviceInfo.getSubtypes().size() + 1);
+                ptrRecords.add(new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsPointerRecord(
+                                serviceType,
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nonNameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                serviceName),
+                        true /* sharedName */));
+                for (String subtype : serviceInfo.getSubtypes()) {
+                    ptrRecords.add(new RecordInfo<>(
+                            serviceInfo,
+                            new MdnsPointerRecord(
+                                    MdnsUtils.constructFullSubtype(serviceType, subtype),
+                                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                    false /* cacheFlush */,
+                                    nonNameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                    serviceName),
+                            true /* sharedName */));
+                }
+
+                srvRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName,
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                0 /* servicePriority */, 0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                                serviceInfo.getPort(),
+                                hostname),
+                        false /* sharedName */);
+
+                txtRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsTextRecord(serviceName,
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                // Service name is verified unique after probing
+                                true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nonNameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                attrsToTextEntries(serviceInfo.getAttributes())),
+                        false /* sharedName */);
+
+                allRecords.addAll(ptrRecords);
+                allRecords.add(srvRecord);
+                allRecords.add(txtRecord);
+                // Service type enumeration record (RFC6763 9.)
+                allRecords.add(new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsPointerRecord(
+                                DNS_SD_SERVICE_TYPE,
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nonNameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                serviceType),
+                        true /* sharedName */));
+            } else {
+                ptrRecords = Collections.emptyList();
+                srvRecord = null;
+                txtRecord = null;
+            }
+
+            if (hasCustomHost) {
+                addressRecords = new ArrayList<>(serviceInfo.getHostAddresses().size());
+                for (InetAddress address : serviceInfo.getHostAddresses()) {
+                    addressRecords.add(new RecordInfo<>(
+                                    serviceInfo,
+                                    new MdnsInetAddressRecord(hostname,
+                                            0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                            true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                            nameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                            address),
+                                    false /* sharedName */));
+                }
+                allRecords.addAll(addressRecords);
+            } else {
+                addressRecords = Collections.emptyList();
+            }
+
+            final boolean hasKey = hasKeyRecord(serviceInfo);
+            if (hasKey && hasService) {
+                this.serviceKeyRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                serviceName,
+                                0L /*receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                serviceInfo.getPublicKey()),
+                        false /* sharedName */);
+                allRecords.add(this.serviceKeyRecord);
+            } else {
+                this.serviceKeyRecord = null;
+            }
+            if (hasKey && hasCustomHost) {
+                this.hostKeyRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                hostname,
+                                0L /*receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                serviceInfo.getPublicKey()),
+                        false /* sharedName */);
+                allRecords.add(this.hostKeyRecord);
+            } else {
+                this.hostKeyRecord = null;
+            }
+
+            this.allRecords = Collections.unmodifiableList(allRecords);
+            this.repliedServiceCount = repliedServiceCount;
+            this.sentPacketCount = sentPacketCount;
+            this.isProbing = isProbing;
+            this.exiting = exiting;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Create a ServiceRegistration for dns-sd service registration (RFC6763).
          *
          * @param deviceHostname Hostname of the device (for the interface used)
          * @param serviceInfo Service to advertise
          */
         ServiceRegistration(@NonNull String[] deviceHostname, @NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
-                @Nullable String subtype, int repliedServiceCount, int sentPacketCount) {
-            this.serviceInfo = serviceInfo;
-            this.subtype = subtype;
-
-            final String[] serviceType = splitServiceType(serviceInfo);
-            final String[] serviceName = splitFullyQualifiedName(serviceInfo, serviceType);
-
-            // Service PTR record
-            final RecordInfo<MdnsPointerRecord> ptrRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
-                    serviceInfo,
-                    new MdnsPointerRecord(
-                            serviceType,
-                            0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                            false /* cacheFlush */,
-                            NON_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
-                            serviceName),
-                    true /* sharedName */, true /* probing */);
-
-            if (subtype == null) {
-                this.ptrRecords = Collections.singletonList(ptrRecord);
-            } else {
-                final String[] subtypeName = new String[serviceType.length + 2];
-                System.arraycopy(serviceType, 0, subtypeName, 2, serviceType.length);
-                subtypeName[0] = subtype;
-                subtypeName[1] = SUBTYPE_SEPARATOR;
-                final RecordInfo<MdnsPointerRecord> subtypeRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
-                        serviceInfo,
-                        new MdnsPointerRecord(
-                                subtypeName,
-                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                                false /* cacheFlush */,
-                                NON_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
-                                serviceName),
-                        true /* sharedName */, true /* probing */);
-
-                this.ptrRecords = List.of(ptrRecord, subtypeRecord);
-            }
-
-            srvRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
-                    serviceInfo,
-                    new MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName,
-                            0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                            true /* cacheFlush */,
-                            NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS, 0 /* servicePriority */, 0 /* serviceWeight */,
-                            serviceInfo.getPort(),
-                            deviceHostname),
-                    false /* sharedName */, true /* probing */);
-
-            txtRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
-                    serviceInfo,
-                    new MdnsTextRecord(serviceName,
-                            0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                            true /* cacheFlush */, // Service name is verified unique after probing
-                            NON_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
-                            attrsToTextEntries(serviceInfo.getAttributes())),
-                    false /* sharedName */, true /* probing */);
-
-            final ArrayList<RecordInfo<?>> allRecords = new ArrayList<>(5);
-            allRecords.addAll(ptrRecords);
-            allRecords.add(srvRecord);
-            allRecords.add(txtRecord);
-            // Service type enumeration record (RFC6763 9.)
-            allRecords.add(new RecordInfo<>(
-                    serviceInfo,
-                    new MdnsPointerRecord(
-                            DNS_SD_SERVICE_TYPE,
-                            0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                            false /* cacheFlush */,
-                            NON_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
-                            serviceType),
-                    true /* sharedName */, true /* probing */));
-
-            this.allRecords = Collections.unmodifiableList(allRecords);
-            this.repliedServiceCount = repliedServiceCount;
-            this.sentPacketCount = sentPacketCount;
+                int repliedServiceCount, int sentPacketCount, @Nullable Duration ttl) {
+            this(deviceHostname, serviceInfo,repliedServiceCount, sentPacketCount,
+                    false /* exiting */, true /* isProbing */, ttl);
         }
 
         void setProbing(boolean probing) {
-            for (RecordInfo<?> info : allRecords) {
-                info.isProbing = probing;
-            }
+            this.isProbing = probing;
         }
+
     }
 
     /**
@@ -290,9 +416,9 @@
                             revDnsAddr,
                             0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                             true /* cacheFlush */,
-                            NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
+                            DEFAULT_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
                             mDeviceHostname),
-                    false /* sharedName */, false /* probing */));
+                    false /* sharedName */));
 
             mGeneralRecords.add(new RecordInfo<>(
                     null /* serviceInfo */,
@@ -300,38 +426,57 @@
                             mDeviceHostname,
                             0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                             true /* cacheFlush */,
-                            NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
+                            DEFAULT_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
                             addr.getAddress()),
-                    false /* sharedName */, false /* probing */));
+                    false /* sharedName */));
         }
     }
 
     /**
+     * Update a service that already registered in the repository.
+     *
+     * @param serviceId An existing service ID.
+     * @param subtypes New subtypes
+     */
+    public void updateService(int serviceId, @NonNull Set<String> subtypes) {
+        final ServiceRegistration existingRegistration = mServices.get(serviceId);
+        if (existingRegistration == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Service ID must already exist for an update request: " + serviceId);
+        }
+        final ServiceRegistration updatedRegistration = existingRegistration.withSubtypes(
+                subtypes);
+        mServices.put(serviceId, updatedRegistration);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Add a service to the repository.
      *
      * This may remove/replace any existing service that used the name added but is exiting.
      * @param serviceId A unique service ID.
      * @param serviceInfo Service info to add.
+     * @param ttl the TTL duration for all records of {@code serviceInfo} or {@code null}
      * @return If the added service replaced another with a matching name (which was exiting), the
      *         ID of the replaced service.
      * @throws NameConflictException There is already a (non-exiting) service using the name.
      */
-    public int addService(int serviceId, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, @Nullable String subtype)
+    public int addService(int serviceId, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, @Nullable Duration ttl)
             throws NameConflictException {
         if (mServices.contains(serviceId)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                     "Service ID must not be reused across registrations: " + serviceId);
         }
 
-        final int existing = getServiceByName(serviceInfo.getServiceName());
+        final int existing =
+                getServiceByNameAndType(serviceInfo.getServiceName(), serviceInfo.getServiceType());
         // It's OK to re-add a service that is exiting
         if (existing >= 0 && !mServices.get(existing).exiting) {
             throw new NameConflictException(existing);
         }
 
         final ServiceRegistration registration = new ServiceRegistration(
-                mDeviceHostname, serviceInfo, subtype, NO_PACKET /* repliedServiceCount */,
-                NO_PACKET /* sentPacketCount */);
+                mDeviceHostname, serviceInfo, NO_PACKET /* repliedServiceCount */,
+                NO_PACKET /* sentPacketCount */, ttl);
         mServices.put(serviceId, registration);
 
         // Remove existing exiting service
@@ -340,34 +485,41 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * @return The ID of the service identified by its name, or -1 if none.
+     * @return The ID of the service identified by its name and type, or -1 if none.
      */
-    private int getServiceByName(@NonNull String serviceName) {
+    private int getServiceByNameAndType(
+            @Nullable String serviceName, @Nullable String serviceType) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceName) || TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceType)) {
+            return -1;
+        }
         for (int i = 0; i < mServices.size(); i++) {
-            final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.valueAt(i);
-            if (MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(serviceName,
-                    registration.serviceInfo.getServiceName())) {
+            final NsdServiceInfo info = mServices.valueAt(i).serviceInfo;
+            if (MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(serviceName, info.getServiceName())
+                    && MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(serviceType, info.getServiceType())) {
                 return mServices.keyAt(i);
             }
         }
         return -1;
     }
 
-    private MdnsProber.ProbingInfo makeProbingInfo(int serviceId,
-            @NonNull MdnsServiceRecord srvRecord,
-            @NonNull List<MdnsInetAddressRecord> inetAddressRecords) {
+    private MdnsProber.ProbingInfo makeProbingInfo(
+            int serviceId, ServiceRegistration registration) {
         final List<MdnsRecord> probingRecords = new ArrayList<>();
         // Probe with cacheFlush cleared; it is set when announcing, as it was verified unique:
         // RFC6762 10.2
-        probingRecords.add(new MdnsServiceRecord(srvRecord.getName(),
-                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                false /* cacheFlush */,
-                srvRecord.getTtl(),
-                srvRecord.getServicePriority(), srvRecord.getServiceWeight(),
-                srvRecord.getServicePort(),
-                srvRecord.getServiceHost()));
+        if (registration.srvRecord != null) {
+            MdnsServiceRecord srvRecord = registration.srvRecord.record;
+            probingRecords.add(new MdnsServiceRecord(srvRecord.getName(),
+                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                    false /* cacheFlush */,
+                    srvRecord.getTtl(),
+                    srvRecord.getServicePriority(), srvRecord.getServiceWeight(),
+                    srvRecord.getServicePort(),
+                    srvRecord.getServiceHost()));
+        }
 
-        for (MdnsInetAddressRecord inetAddressRecord : inetAddressRecords) {
+        for (MdnsInetAddressRecord inetAddressRecord :
+                makeProbingInetAddressRecords(registration.serviceInfo)) {
             probingRecords.add(new MdnsInetAddressRecord(inetAddressRecord.getName(),
                     0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                     false /* cacheFlush */,
@@ -376,6 +528,22 @@
                             ? inetAddressRecord.getInet6Address()
                             : inetAddressRecord.getInet4Address()));
         }
+
+        List<MdnsKeyRecord> keyRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (registration.serviceKeyRecord != null) {
+            keyRecords.add(registration.serviceKeyRecord.record);
+        }
+        if (registration.hostKeyRecord != null) {
+            keyRecords.add(registration.hostKeyRecord.record);
+        }
+        for (MdnsKeyRecord keyRecord : keyRecords) {
+            probingRecords.add(new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                            keyRecord.getName(),
+                            0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                            false /* cacheFlush */,
+                            keyRecord.getTtl(),
+                            keyRecord.getRData()));
+        }
         return new MdnsProber.ProbingInfo(serviceId, probingRecords);
     }
 
@@ -464,6 +632,16 @@
         return ret;
     }
 
+    private boolean isTruncatedKnownAnswerPacket(MdnsPacket packet) {
+        if (!mMdnsFeatureFlags.isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled()
+                // Should ignore the response packet.
+                || (packet.flags & MdnsConstants.FLAGS_RESPONSE) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Check the packet contains no questions and as many more Known-Answer records as will fit.
+        return packet.questions.size() == 0 && packet.answers.size() != 0;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the reply to send to an incoming packet.
      *
@@ -472,31 +650,85 @@
      */
     @Nullable
     public MdnsReplyInfo getReply(MdnsPacket packet, InetSocketAddress src) {
-        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
-        final boolean replyUnicast = (packet.flags & MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST) != 0;
-        final ArrayList<MdnsRecord> additionalAnswerRecords = new ArrayList<>();
-        final ArrayList<RecordInfo<?>> answerInfo = new ArrayList<>();
+        final long now = mDeps.elapsedRealTime();
+        final boolean isQuestionOnIpv4 = src.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
+
+        // TODO: b/322142420 - Set<RecordInfo<?>> may contain duplicate records wrapped in different
+        // RecordInfo<?>s when custom host is enabled.
+
+        // Use LinkedHashSet for preserving the insert order of the RRs, so that RRs of the same
+        // service or host are grouped together (which is more developer-friendly).
+        final Set<RecordInfo<?>> answerInfo = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        final Set<RecordInfo<?>> additionalAnswerInfo = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        // Reply unicast if the feature is enabled AND all replied questions request unicast
+        final boolean replyUnicastEnabled = mMdnsFeatureFlags.isUnicastReplyEnabled();
+        boolean replyUnicast = replyUnicastEnabled;
         for (MdnsRecord question : packet.questions) {
             // Add answers from general records
-            addReplyFromService(question, mGeneralRecords, null /* servicePtrRecord */,
-                    null /* serviceSrvRecord */, null /* serviceTxtRecord */, replyUnicast, now,
-                    answerInfo, additionalAnswerRecords);
+            if (addReplyFromService(question, mGeneralRecords, null /* servicePtrRecord */,
+                    null /* serviceSrvRecord */, null /* serviceTxtRecord */,
+                    null /* hostname */,
+                    replyUnicastEnabled, now, answerInfo, additionalAnswerInfo,
+                    Collections.emptyList(), isQuestionOnIpv4)) {
+                replyUnicast &= question.isUnicastReplyRequested();
+            }
 
             // Add answers from each service
             for (int i = 0; i < mServices.size(); i++) {
                 final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.valueAt(i);
-                if (registration.exiting) continue;
+                if (registration.exiting || registration.isProbing) continue;
                 if (addReplyFromService(question, registration.allRecords, registration.ptrRecords,
-                        registration.srvRecord, registration.txtRecord, replyUnicast, now,
-                        answerInfo, additionalAnswerRecords)) {
+                        registration.srvRecord, registration.txtRecord,
+                        registration.serviceInfo.getHostname(),
+                        replyUnicastEnabled, now,
+                        answerInfo, additionalAnswerInfo, packet.answers, isQuestionOnIpv4)) {
+                    replyUnicast &= question.isUnicastReplyRequested();
                     registration.repliedServiceCount++;
                     registration.sentPacketCount++;
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        // If any record was already in the answer section, remove it from the additional answer
+        // section. This can typically happen when there are both queries for
+        // SRV / TXT / A / AAAA and PTR (which can cause SRV / TXT / A / AAAA records being added
+        // to the additional answer section).
+        additionalAnswerInfo.removeAll(answerInfo);
+
+        final List<MdnsRecord> additionalAnswerRecords =
+                new ArrayList<>(additionalAnswerInfo.size());
+        for (RecordInfo<?> info : additionalAnswerInfo) {
+            // Different RecordInfos may contain the same record.
+            // For example, when there are multiple services referring to the same custom host,
+            // there are multiple RecordInfos containing the same address record.
+            if (!additionalAnswerRecords.contains(info.record)) {
+                additionalAnswerRecords.add(info.record);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // RFC6762 6.1: negative responses
+        // "On receipt of a question for a particular name, rrtype, and rrclass, for which a
+        // responder does have one or more unique answers, the responder MAY also include an NSEC
+        // record in the Additional Record Section indicating the nonexistence of other rrtypes
+        // for that name and rrclass."
+        addNsecRecordsForUniqueNames(additionalAnswerRecords,
+                answerInfo.iterator(), additionalAnswerInfo.iterator());
+
         if (answerInfo.size() == 0 && additionalAnswerRecords.size() == 0) {
-            return null;
+            // RFC6762 7.2. Multipacket Known-Answer Suppression
+            // Sometimes a Multicast DNS querier will already have too many answers
+            // to fit in the Known-Answer Section of its query packets. In this
+            // case, it should issue a Multicast DNS query containing a question and
+            // as many Known-Answer records as will fit.  It MUST then set the TC
+            // (Truncated) bit in the header before sending the query.  It MUST
+            // immediately follow the packet with another query packet containing no
+            // questions and as many more Known-Answer records as will fit.  If
+            // there are still too many records remaining to fit in the packet, it
+            // again sets the TC bit and continues until all the Known-Answer
+            // records have been sent.
+            if (!isTruncatedKnownAnswerPacket(packet)) {
+                return null;
+            }
         }
 
         // Determine the send delay
@@ -520,8 +752,14 @@
         // Determine the send destination
         final InetSocketAddress dest;
         if (replyUnicast) {
+            // As per RFC6762 5.4, "if the responder has not multicast that record recently (within
+            // one quarter of its TTL), then the responder SHOULD instead multicast the response so
+            // as to keep all the peer caches up to date": this SHOULD is not implemented to
+            // minimize latency for queriers who have just started, so they did not receive previous
+            // multicast responses. Unicast replies are faster as they do not need to wait for the
+            // beacon interval on Wi-Fi.
             dest = src;
-        } else if (src.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+        } else if (isQuestionOnIpv4) {
             dest = IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR;
         } else {
             dest = IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR;
@@ -533,12 +771,29 @@
             // TODO: consider actual packet send delay after response aggregation
             info.lastSentTimeMs = now + delayMs;
             if (!replyUnicast) {
-                info.lastAdvertisedTimeMs = info.lastSentTimeMs;
+                if (isQuestionOnIpv4) {
+                    info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs = info.lastSentTimeMs;
+                } else {
+                    info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs = info.lastSentTimeMs;
+                }
             }
-            answerRecords.add(info.record);
+            // Different RecordInfos may the contain the same record
+            if (!answerRecords.contains(info.record)) {
+                answerRecords.add(info.record);
+            }
         }
 
-        return new MdnsReplyInfo(answerRecords, additionalAnswerRecords, delayMs, dest);
+        return new MdnsReplyInfo(answerRecords, additionalAnswerRecords, delayMs, dest, src,
+                new ArrayList<>(packet.answers));
+    }
+
+    private boolean isKnownAnswer(MdnsRecord answer, @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> knownAnswerRecords) {
+        for (MdnsRecord knownAnswer : knownAnswerRecords) {
+            if (answer.equals(knownAnswer) && knownAnswer.getTtl() > (answer.getTtl() / 2)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -549,16 +804,18 @@
             @Nullable List<RecordInfo<MdnsPointerRecord>> servicePtrRecords,
             @Nullable RecordInfo<MdnsServiceRecord> serviceSrvRecord,
             @Nullable RecordInfo<MdnsTextRecord> serviceTxtRecord,
-            boolean replyUnicast, long now, @NonNull List<RecordInfo<?>> answerInfo,
-            @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> additionalAnswerRecords) {
+            @Nullable String hostname,
+            boolean replyUnicastEnabled, long now, @NonNull Set<RecordInfo<?>> answerInfo,
+            @NonNull Set<RecordInfo<?>> additionalAnswerInfo,
+            @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> knownAnswerRecords,
+            boolean isQuestionOnIpv4) {
         boolean hasDnsSdPtrRecordAnswer = false;
         boolean hasDnsSdSrvRecordAnswer = false;
         boolean hasFullyOwnedNameMatch = false;
         boolean hasKnownAnswer = false;
 
-        final int answersStartIndex = answerInfo.size();
+        final int answersStartSize = answerInfo.size();
         for (RecordInfo<?> info : serviceRecords) {
-            if (info.isProbing) continue;
 
              /* RFC6762 6.: the record name must match the question name, the record rrtype
              must match the question qtype unless the qtype is "ANY" (255) or the rrtype is
@@ -580,19 +837,42 @@
             }
 
             hasKnownAnswer = true;
+
+            // RFC6762 7.1. Known-Answer Suppression:
+            // A Multicast DNS responder MUST NOT answer a Multicast DNS query if
+            // the answer it would give is already included in the Answer Section
+            // with an RR TTL at least half the correct value.  If the RR TTL of the
+            // answer as given in the Answer Section is less than half of the true
+            // RR TTL as known by the Multicast DNS responder, the responder MUST
+            // send an answer so as to update the querier's cache before the record
+            // becomes in danger of expiration.
+            if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled()
+                    && isKnownAnswer(info.record, knownAnswerRecords)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             hasDnsSdPtrRecordAnswer |= (servicePtrRecords != null
                     && CollectionUtils.any(servicePtrRecords, r -> info == r));
             hasDnsSdSrvRecordAnswer |= (info == serviceSrvRecord);
 
             // TODO: responses to probe queries should bypass this check and only ensure the
             // reply is sent 250ms after the last sent time (RFC 6762 p.15)
-            if (!replyUnicast && info.lastAdvertisedTimeMs > 0L
-                    && now - info.lastAdvertisedTimeMs < MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) {
-                continue;
+            if (!(replyUnicastEnabled && question.isUnicastReplyRequested())) {
+                if (isQuestionOnIpv4) { // IPv4
+                    if (info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs > 0L
+                            && now - info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs
+                                    < MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else { // IPv6
+                    if (info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs > 0L
+                            && now - info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs
+                                    < MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
-            // TODO: Don't reply if in known answers of the querier (7.1) if TTL is > half
-
             answerInfo.add(info);
         }
 
@@ -601,21 +881,22 @@
         // ownership, for a type for which that name has no records, the responder MUST [...]
         // respond asserting the nonexistence of that record"
         if (hasFullyOwnedNameMatch && !hasKnownAnswer) {
-            additionalAnswerRecords.add(new MdnsNsecRecord(
+            MdnsNsecRecord nsecRecord = new MdnsNsecRecord(
                     question.getName(),
                     0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                     true /* cacheFlush */,
                     // TODO: RFC6762 6.1: "In general, the TTL given for an NSEC record SHOULD
                     // be the same as the TTL that the record would have had, had it existed."
-                    NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
+                    DEFAULT_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS,
                     question.getName(),
-                    new int[] { question.getType() }));
+                    new int[] { question.getType() });
+            additionalAnswerInfo.add(
+                    new RecordInfo<>(null /* serviceInfo */, nsecRecord, false /* isSharedName */));
         }
 
         // No more records to add if no answer
-        if (answerInfo.size() == answersStartIndex) return false;
+        if (answerInfo.size() == answersStartSize) return false;
 
-        final List<RecordInfo<?>> additionalAnswerInfo = new ArrayList<>();
         // RFC6763 12.1: if including PTR record, include the SRV and TXT records it names
         if (hasDnsSdPtrRecordAnswer) {
             if (serviceTxtRecord != null) {
@@ -628,21 +909,8 @@
 
         // RFC6763 12.1&.2: if including PTR or SRV record, include the address records it names
         if (hasDnsSdPtrRecordAnswer || hasDnsSdSrvRecordAnswer) {
-            for (RecordInfo<?> record : mGeneralRecords) {
-                if (record.record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord) {
-                    additionalAnswerInfo.add(record);
-                }
-            }
+            additionalAnswerInfo.addAll(getInetAddressRecordsForHostname(hostname));
         }
-
-        for (RecordInfo<?> info : additionalAnswerInfo) {
-            additionalAnswerRecords.add(info.record);
-        }
-
-        // RFC6762 6.1: negative responses
-        addNsecRecordsForUniqueNames(additionalAnswerRecords,
-                answerInfo.listIterator(answersStartIndex),
-                additionalAnswerInfo.listIterator());
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -659,7 +927,7 @@
      *                      answer and additionalAnswer sections)
      */
     @SafeVarargs
-    private static void addNsecRecordsForUniqueNames(
+    private void addNsecRecordsForUniqueNames(
             List<MdnsRecord> destinationList,
             Iterator<RecordInfo<?>>... answerRecords) {
         // Group unique records by name. Use a TreeMap with comparator as arrays don't implement
@@ -675,6 +943,12 @@
 
         for (String[] nsecName : namesInAddedOrder) {
             final List<MdnsRecord> entryRecords = nsecByName.get(nsecName);
+
+            // Add NSEC records only when the answers include all unique records of this name
+            if (entryRecords.size() != countUniqueRecords(nsecName)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             long minTtl = Long.MAX_VALUE;
             final Set<Integer> types = new ArraySet<>(entryRecords.size());
             for (MdnsRecord record : entryRecords) {
@@ -692,6 +966,27 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /** Returns the number of unique records on this device for a given {@code name}. */
+    private int countUniqueRecords(String[] name) {
+        int cnt = countUniqueRecords(mGeneralRecords, name);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mServices.size(); i++) {
+            final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.valueAt(i);
+            cnt += countUniqueRecords(registration.allRecords, name);
+        }
+        return cnt;
+    }
+
+    private static int countUniqueRecords(List<RecordInfo<?>> records, String[] name) {
+        int cnt = 0;
+        for (RecordInfo<?> record : records) {
+            if (!record.isSharedName && Arrays.equals(name, record.record.getName())) {
+                cnt++;
+            }
+        }
+        return cnt;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Add non-shared records to a map listing them by record name, and to a list of names that
      * remembers the adding order.
@@ -706,10 +1001,10 @@
     private static void addNonSharedRecordsToMap(
             Iterator<RecordInfo<?>> records,
             Map<String[], List<MdnsRecord>> dest,
-            List<String[]> namesInAddedOrder) {
+            @Nullable List<String[]> namesInAddedOrder) {
         while (records.hasNext()) {
             final RecordInfo<?> record = records.next();
-            if (record.isSharedName) continue;
+            if (record.isSharedName || record.record instanceof MdnsNsecRecord) continue;
             final List<MdnsRecord> recordsForName = dest.computeIfAbsent(record.record.name,
                     key -> {
                         namesInAddedOrder.add(key);
@@ -719,38 +1014,112 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Nullable
+    public String getHostnameForServiceId(int id) {
+        ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.get(id);
+        if (registration == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return registration.serviceInfo.getHostname();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Restart probing the services which are being probed and using the given custom hostname.
+     *
+     * @return The list of {@link MdnsProber.ProbingInfo} to be used by advertiser.
+     */
+    public List<MdnsProber.ProbingInfo> restartProbingForHostname(@NonNull String hostname) {
+        final ArrayList<MdnsProber.ProbingInfo> probingInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+        forEachActiveServiceRegistrationWithHostname(
+                hostname,
+                (id, registration) -> {
+                    if (!registration.isProbing) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    probingInfos.add(makeProbingInfo(id, registration));
+                });
+        return probingInfos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Restart announcing the services which are using the given custom hostname.
+     *
+     * @return The list of {@link MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo} to be used by advertiser.
+     */
+    public List<MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo> restartAnnouncingForHostname(
+            @NonNull String hostname) {
+        final ArrayList<MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo> announcementInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+        forEachActiveServiceRegistrationWithHostname(
+                hostname,
+                (id, registration) -> {
+                    if (registration.isProbing) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    announcementInfos.add(makeAnnouncementInfo(id, registration));
+                });
+        return announcementInfos;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Called to indicate that probing succeeded for a service.
+     *
      * @param probeSuccessInfo The successful probing info.
      * @return The {@link MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo} to send, now that probing has succeeded.
      */
     public MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo onProbingSucceeded(
-            MdnsProber.ProbingInfo probeSuccessInfo)
-            throws IOException {
-
-        final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.get(probeSuccessInfo.getServiceId());
-        if (registration == null) throw new IOException(
-                "Service is not registered: " + probeSuccessInfo.getServiceId());
+            MdnsProber.ProbingInfo probeSuccessInfo) throws IOException {
+        final int serviceId = probeSuccessInfo.getServiceId();
+        final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.get(serviceId);
+        if (registration == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Service is not registered: " + serviceId);
+        }
         registration.setProbing(false);
 
-        final ArrayList<MdnsRecord> answers = new ArrayList<>();
+        return makeAnnouncementInfo(serviceId, registration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make the announcement info of the given service ID.
+     *
+     * @param serviceId The service ID.
+     * @param registration The service registration.
+     * @return The {@link MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo} of the given service ID.
+     */
+    private MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo makeAnnouncementInfo(
+            int serviceId, ServiceRegistration registration) {
+        final Set<MdnsRecord> answersSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
         final ArrayList<MdnsRecord> additionalAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        // Interface address records in general records
-        for (RecordInfo<?> record : mGeneralRecords) {
-            answers.add(record.record);
+        // When using default host, add interface address records from general records
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(registration.serviceInfo.getHostname())) {
+            for (RecordInfo<?> record : mGeneralRecords) {
+                answersSet.add(record.record);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // TODO: b/321617573 - include PTR records for addresses
+            // The custom host may have more addresses in other registrations
+            forEachActiveServiceRegistrationWithHostname(
+                    registration.serviceInfo.getHostname(),
+                    (id, otherRegistration) -> {
+                        if (otherRegistration.isProbing) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        for (RecordInfo<?> addressRecordInfo : otherRegistration.addressRecords) {
+                            answersSet.add(addressRecordInfo.record);
+                        }
+                    });
         }
 
         // All service records
         for (RecordInfo<?> info : registration.allRecords) {
-            answers.add(info.record);
+            answersSet.add(info.record);
         }
 
         addNsecRecordsForUniqueNames(additionalAnswers,
                 mGeneralRecords.iterator(), registration.allRecords.iterator());
 
-        return new MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo(probeSuccessInfo.getServiceId(),
-                answers, additionalAnswers);
+        return new MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo(serviceId,
+                new ArrayList<>(answersSet), additionalAnswers);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -769,8 +1138,13 @@
         for (RecordInfo<MdnsPointerRecord> ptrRecord : registration.ptrRecords) {
             answers.add(ptrRecord.record);
         }
-        answers.add(registration.srvRecord.record);
-        answers.add(registration.txtRecord.record);
+        if (registration.srvRecord != null) {
+            answers.add(registration.srvRecord.record);
+        }
+        if (registration.txtRecord != null) {
+            answers.add(registration.txtRecord.record);
+        }
+        // TODO: Support custom host. It currently only supports default host.
         for (RecordInfo<?> record : mGeneralRecords) {
             if (record.record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord) {
                 answers.add(record.record);
@@ -785,70 +1159,204 @@
                 Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
     }
 
+    /** Check if the record is in a registration */
+    private static boolean hasInetAddressRecord(
+            @NonNull ServiceRegistration registration, @NonNull MdnsInetAddressRecord record) {
+        for (RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord> localRecord : registration.addressRecords) {
+            if (Objects.equals(localRecord.record, record)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the service IDs of services conflicting with a received packet.
+     *
+     * <p>It returns a Map of service ID => conflict type. Conflict type is a bitmap telling which
+     * part of the service is conflicting. See {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser#CONFLICT_SERVICE} and
+     * {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser#CONFLICT_HOST}.
      */
-    public Set<Integer> getConflictingServices(MdnsPacket packet) {
-        // Avoid allocating a new set for each incoming packet: use an empty set by default.
-        Set<Integer> conflicting = Collections.emptySet();
+    public Map<Integer, Integer> getConflictingServices(MdnsPacket packet) {
+        Map<Integer, Integer> conflicting = new ArrayMap<>();
         for (MdnsRecord record : packet.answers) {
+            SparseIntArray conflictingWithRecord = new SparseIntArray();
             for (int i = 0; i < mServices.size(); i++) {
                 final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.valueAt(i);
                 if (registration.exiting) continue;
 
-                // Only look for conflicts in service name, as a different service name can be used
-                // if there is a conflict, but there is nothing actionable if any other conflict
-                // happens. In fact probing is only done for the service name in the SRV record.
-                // This means only SRV and TXT records need to be checked.
-                final RecordInfo<MdnsServiceRecord> srvRecord = registration.srvRecord;
-                if (!MdnsUtils.equalsDnsLabelIgnoreDnsCase(record.getName(),
-                        srvRecord.record.getName())) {
-                    continue;
+                final RecordConflictType conflictForService =
+                        conflictForService(record, registration);
+                final RecordConflictType conflictForHost = conflictForHost(record, registration);
+
+                // Identical record is found in the repository so there won't be a conflict.
+                if (conflictForService == RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL
+                        || conflictForHost == RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL) {
+                    conflictingWithRecord.clear();
+                    break;
                 }
 
-                // As per RFC6762 9., it's fine if the "conflict" is an identical record with same
-                // data.
-                if (record instanceof MdnsServiceRecord) {
-                    final MdnsServiceRecord local = srvRecord.record;
-                    final MdnsServiceRecord other = (MdnsServiceRecord) record;
-                    // Note "equals" does not consider TTL or receipt time, as intended here
-                    if (Objects.equals(local, other)) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
+                int conflictType = 0;
+                if (conflictForService == RecordConflictType.CONFLICT) {
+                    conflictType |= CONFLICT_SERVICE;
+                }
+                if (conflictForHost == RecordConflictType.CONFLICT) {
+                    conflictType |= CONFLICT_HOST;
                 }
 
-                if (record instanceof MdnsTextRecord) {
-                    final MdnsTextRecord local = registration.txtRecord.record;
-                    final MdnsTextRecord other = (MdnsTextRecord) record;
-                    if (Objects.equals(local, other)) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
+                if (conflictType != 0) {
+                    final int serviceId = mServices.keyAt(i);
+                    conflictingWithRecord.put(serviceId, conflictType);
                 }
-
-                if (conflicting.size() == 0) {
-                    // Conflict was found: use a mutable set
-                    conflicting = new ArraySet<>();
-                }
-                final int serviceId = mServices.keyAt(i);
-                conflicting.add(serviceId);
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < conflictingWithRecord.size(); i++) {
+                final int serviceId = conflictingWithRecord.keyAt(i);
+                final int conflictType = conflictingWithRecord.valueAt(i);
+                final int oldConflictType = conflicting.getOrDefault(serviceId, 0);
+                conflicting.put(serviceId, oldConflictType | conflictType);
             }
         }
 
         return conflicting;
     }
 
-    private List<MdnsInetAddressRecord> makeProbingInetAddressRecords() {
-        final List<MdnsInetAddressRecord> records = new ArrayList<>();
-        if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing) {
-            for (RecordInfo<?> record : mGeneralRecords) {
-                if (record.record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord) {
-                    records.add((MdnsInetAddressRecord) record.record);
-                }
-            }
+    private static RecordConflictType conflictForService(
+            @NonNull MdnsRecord record, @NonNull ServiceRegistration registration) {
+        String[] fullServiceName;
+        if (registration.srvRecord != null) {
+            fullServiceName = registration.srvRecord.record.getName();
+        } else if (registration.serviceKeyRecord != null) {
+            fullServiceName = registration.serviceKeyRecord.record.getName();
+        } else {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        if (!MdnsUtils.equalsDnsLabelIgnoreDnsCase(record.getName(), fullServiceName)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        // As per RFC6762 9., it's fine if the "conflict" is an identical record with same
+        // data.
+        if (record instanceof MdnsServiceRecord && equals(record, registration.srvRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsTextRecord && equals(record, registration.txtRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsKeyRecord && equals(record, registration.serviceKeyRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+
+        return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
+    }
+
+    private RecordConflictType conflictForHost(
+            @NonNull MdnsRecord record, @NonNull ServiceRegistration registration) {
+        // Only custom hosts are checked. When using the default host, the hostname is derived from
+        // a UUID and it's supposed to be unique.
+        if (registration.serviceInfo.getHostname() == null) {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        // It cannot be a hostname conflict because no record is registered with the hostname.
+        if (registration.addressRecords.isEmpty() && registration.hostKeyRecord == null) {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        // The record's name cannot be registered by NsdManager so it's not a conflict.
+        if (record.getName().length != 2 || !record.getName()[1].equals(LOCAL_TLD)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        // Different names. There won't be a conflict.
+        if (!MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+                record.getName()[0], registration.serviceInfo.getHostname())) {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        // As per RFC6762 9., it's fine if the "conflict" is an identical record with same
+        // data.
+        if (record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord
+                && hasInetAddressRecord(registration, (MdnsInetAddressRecord) record)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsKeyRecord && equals(record, registration.hostKeyRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+
+        // Per RFC 6762 8.1, when a record is being probed, any answer containing a record with that
+        // name, of any type, MUST be considered a conflicting response.
+        if (registration.isProbing) {
+            return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord && !registration.addressRecords.isEmpty()) {
+            return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsKeyRecord && registration.hostKeyRecord != null) {
+            return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+    }
+
+    private List<RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord>> getInetAddressRecordsForHostname(
+            @Nullable String hostname) {
+        List<RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord>> records = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(hostname)) {
+            forEachAddressRecord(mGeneralRecords, records::add);
+        } else {
+            forEachActiveServiceRegistrationWithHostname(
+                    hostname,
+                    (id, service) -> {
+                        if (service.isProbing) return;
+                        records.addAll(service.addressRecords);
+                    });
         }
         return records;
     }
 
+    private List<MdnsInetAddressRecord> makeProbingInetAddressRecords(
+            @NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        final List<MdnsInetAddressRecord> records = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostname())) {
+            if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing) {
+                forEachAddressRecord(mGeneralRecords, r -> records.add(r.record));
+            }
+        } else {
+            forEachActiveServiceRegistrationWithHostname(
+                    serviceInfo.getHostname(),
+                    (id, service) -> {
+                        for (RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord> recordInfo :
+                                service.addressRecords) {
+                            records.add(recordInfo.record);
+                        }
+                    });
+        }
+        return records;
+    }
+
+    private static void forEachAddressRecord(
+            List<RecordInfo<?>> records, Consumer<RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord>> consumer) {
+        for (RecordInfo<?> record : records) {
+            if (record.record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord) {
+                consumer.accept((RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord>) record);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void forEachActiveServiceRegistrationWithHostname(
+            @NonNull String hostname, BiConsumer<Integer, ServiceRegistration> consumer) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mServices.size(); ++i) {
+            int id = mServices.keyAt(i);
+            ServiceRegistration service = mServices.valueAt(i);
+            if (service.exiting) continue;
+            if (MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(service.serviceInfo.getHostname(), hostname)) {
+                consumer.accept(id, service);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * (Re)set a service to the probing state.
      * @return The {@link MdnsProber.ProbingInfo} to send for probing.
@@ -859,8 +1367,8 @@
         if (registration == null) return null;
 
         registration.setProbing(true);
-        return makeProbingInfo(
-                serviceId, registration.srvRecord.record, makeProbingInetAddressRecords());
+
+        return makeProbingInfo(serviceId, registration);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -870,7 +1378,7 @@
         final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.get(serviceId);
         if (registration == null) return false;
 
-        return registration.srvRecord.isProbing;
+        return registration.isProbing;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -894,10 +1402,9 @@
         if (existing == null) return null;
 
         final ServiceRegistration newService = new ServiceRegistration(mDeviceHostname, newInfo,
-                existing.subtype, existing.repliedServiceCount, existing.sentPacketCount);
+                existing.repliedServiceCount, existing.sentPacketCount, existing.ttl);
         mServices.put(serviceId, newService);
-        return makeProbingInfo(
-                serviceId, newService.srvRecord.record, makeProbingInetAddressRecords());
+        return makeProbingInfo(serviceId, newService);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -907,10 +1414,11 @@
         final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.get(serviceId);
         if (registration == null) return;
 
-        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        final long now = mDeps.elapsedRealTime();
         for (RecordInfo<?> record : registration.allRecords) {
             record.lastSentTimeMs = now;
-            record.lastAdvertisedTimeMs = now;
+            record.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs = now;
+            record.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs = now;
         }
         registration.sentPacketCount += sentPacketCount;
     }
@@ -975,4 +1483,21 @@
 
         return type;
     }
+
+    /** Returns whether there will be an SRV record when registering the {@code info}. */
+    private static boolean hasSrvRecord(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        return info.getPort() > 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether there will be KEY record(s) when registering the {@code info}. */
+    private static boolean hasKeyRecord(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        return info.getPublicKey() != null;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean equals(@NonNull MdnsRecord record, @Nullable RecordInfo<?> recordInfo) {
+        if (recordInfo == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return Objects.equals(record, recordInfo.record);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplyInfo.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplyInfo.java
index ce61b54..8747f67 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplyInfo.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplyInfo.java
@@ -32,22 +32,32 @@
     public final long sendDelayMs;
     @NonNull
     public final InetSocketAddress destination;
+    @NonNull
+    public final InetSocketAddress source;
+    @NonNull
+    public final List<MdnsRecord> knownAnswers;
 
     public MdnsReplyInfo(
             @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> answers,
             @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> additionalAnswers,
             long sendDelayMs,
-            @NonNull InetSocketAddress destination) {
+            @NonNull InetSocketAddress destination,
+            @NonNull InetSocketAddress source,
+            @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> knownAnswers) {
         this.answers = answers;
         this.additionalAnswers = additionalAnswers;
         this.sendDelayMs = sendDelayMs;
         this.destination = destination;
+        this.source = source;
+        this.knownAnswers = knownAnswers;
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return "{MdnsReplyInfo to " + destination + ", answers: " + answers.size()
+        return "{MdnsReplyInfo: " + source + " to " + destination
+                + ", answers: " + answers.size()
                 + ", additionalAnswers: " + additionalAnswers.size()
+                + ", knownAnswers: " + knownAnswers.size()
                 + ", sendDelayMs " + sendDelayMs + "}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
index ea3af5e..db3845a 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -24,7 +26,10 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
@@ -34,7 +39,10 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.MulticastSocket;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * A class that handles sending mDNS replies to a {@link MulticastSocket}, possibly queueing them
@@ -57,15 +65,78 @@
     @NonNull
     private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
     private final boolean mEnableDebugLog;
+    @NonNull
+    private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+    // RFC6762 15.2. Multipacket Known-Answer lists
+    // Multicast DNS responders associate the initial truncated query with its
+    // continuation packets by examining the source IP address in each packet.
+    private final Map<InetSocketAddress, MdnsReplyInfo> mSrcReplies = new ArrayMap<>();
+    @NonNull
+    private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of MdnsReplySender, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * @see Handler#sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)
+         */
+        public void sendMessageDelayed(@NonNull Handler handler, @NonNull Message message,
+                long delayMillis) {
+            handler.sendMessageDelayed(message, delayMillis);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see Handler#removeMessages(int)
+         */
+        public void removeMessages(@NonNull Handler handler, int what) {
+            handler.removeMessages(what);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see Handler#removeMessages(int)
+         */
+        public void removeMessages(@NonNull Handler handler, int what, @NonNull Object object) {
+            handler.removeMessages(what, object);
+        }
+    }
 
     public MdnsReplySender(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
             @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
-            boolean enableDebugLog) {
+            boolean enableDebugLog, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
+        this(looper, socket, packetCreationBuffer, sharedLog, enableDebugLog, new Dependencies(),
+                mdnsFeatureFlags);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public MdnsReplySender(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
+            @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
+            boolean enableDebugLog, @NonNull Dependencies dependencies,
+            @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
         mHandler = new SendHandler(looper);
         mSocket = socket;
         mPacketCreationBuffer = packetCreationBuffer;
         mSharedLog = sharedLog;
         mEnableDebugLog = enableDebugLog;
+        mDependencies = dependencies;
+        mMdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
+    }
+
+    static InetSocketAddress getReplyDestination(@NonNull InetSocketAddress queuingDest,
+            @NonNull InetSocketAddress incomingDest) {
+        // The queuing reply is multicast, just use the current destination.
+        if (queuingDest.equals(IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR) || queuingDest.equals(IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR)) {
+            return queuingDest;
+        }
+
+        // The incoming reply is multicast, change the reply from unicast to multicast since
+        // replying unicast when the query requests unicast reply is optional.
+        if (incomingDest.equals(IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR) || incomingDest.equals(IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR)) {
+            return incomingDest;
+        }
+
+        return queuingDest;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -73,8 +144,53 @@
      */
     public void queueReply(@NonNull MdnsReplyInfo reply) {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
-        // TODO: implement response aggregation (RFC 6762 6.4)
-        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SEND, reply), reply.sendDelayMs);
+
+        if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled()) {
+            mDependencies.removeMessages(mHandler, MSG_SEND, reply.source);
+
+            final MdnsReplyInfo queuingReply = mSrcReplies.remove(reply.source);
+            final ArraySet<MdnsRecord> answers = new ArraySet<>();
+            final Set<MdnsRecord> additionalAnswers = new ArraySet<>();
+            final Set<MdnsRecord> knownAnswers = new ArraySet<>();
+            if (queuingReply != null) {
+                answers.addAll(queuingReply.answers);
+                additionalAnswers.addAll(queuingReply.additionalAnswers);
+                knownAnswers.addAll(queuingReply.knownAnswers);
+            }
+            answers.addAll(reply.answers);
+            additionalAnswers.addAll(reply.additionalAnswers);
+            knownAnswers.addAll(reply.knownAnswers);
+            // RFC6762 7.2. Multipacket Known-Answer Suppression
+            // If the responder sees any of its answers listed in the Known-Answer
+            // lists of subsequent packets from the querying host, it MUST delete
+            // that answer from the list of answers it is planning to give.
+            for (MdnsRecord knownAnswer : knownAnswers) {
+                final int idx = answers.indexOf(knownAnswer);
+                if (idx >= 0 && knownAnswer.getTtl() > answers.valueAt(idx).getTtl() / 2) {
+                    answers.removeAt(idx);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (answers.size() == 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final MdnsReplyInfo newReply = new MdnsReplyInfo(
+                    new ArrayList<>(answers),
+                    new ArrayList<>(additionalAnswers),
+                    reply.sendDelayMs,
+                    queuingReply == null ? reply.destination
+                            : getReplyDestination(queuingReply.destination, reply.destination),
+                    reply.source,
+                    new ArrayList<>(knownAnswers));
+
+            mSrcReplies.put(newReply.source, newReply);
+            mDependencies.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler,
+                    mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SEND, newReply.source), newReply.sendDelayMs);
+        } else {
+            mDependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                    mHandler, mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SEND, reply), reply.sendDelayMs);
+        }
 
         if (mEnableDebugLog) {
             mSharedLog.v("Scheduling " + reply);
@@ -104,7 +220,7 @@
      */
     public void cancelAll() {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
-        mHandler.removeMessages(MSG_SEND);
+        mDependencies.removeMessages(mHandler, MSG_SEND);
     }
 
     private class SendHandler extends Handler {
@@ -114,7 +230,21 @@
 
         @Override
         public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
-            final MdnsReplyInfo replyInfo = (MdnsReplyInfo) msg.obj;
+            final MdnsReplyInfo replyInfo;
+            if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled()) {
+                // Retrieve the MdnsReplyInfo from the map via a source address, as the reply info
+                // will be combined or updated.
+                final InetSocketAddress source = (InetSocketAddress) msg.obj;
+                replyInfo = mSrcReplies.remove(source);
+            } else {
+                replyInfo = (MdnsReplyInfo) msg.obj;
+            }
+
+            if (replyInfo == null) {
+                mSharedLog.wtf("Unknown reply info.");
+                return;
+            }
+
             if (mEnableDebugLog) mSharedLog.v("Sending " + replyInfo);
 
             final int flags = 0x8400; // Response, authoritative (rfc6762 18.4)
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponse.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponse.java
index e2288c1..05ad1be 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponse.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponse.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 /** An mDNS response. */
 public class MdnsResponse {
+    public static final long EXPIRATION_NEVER = Long.MAX_VALUE;
     private final List<MdnsRecord> records;
     private final List<MdnsPointerRecord> pointerRecords;
     private MdnsServiceRecord serviceRecord;
@@ -349,6 +350,21 @@
         return serviceName;
     }
 
+    /** Get the min remaining ttl time from received records */
+    public long getMinRemainingTtl(long now) {
+        long minRemainingTtl = EXPIRATION_NEVER;
+        // TODO: Check other records(A, AAAA, TXT) ttl time.
+        if (!hasServiceRecord()) {
+            return EXPIRATION_NEVER;
+        }
+        // Check ttl time.
+        long remainingTtl = serviceRecord.getRemainingTTL(now);
+        if (remainingTtl < minRemainingTtl) {
+            minRemainingTtl = remainingTtl;
+        }
+        return minRemainingTtl;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Tests if this response is a goodbye message. This will be true if a service record is present
      * and any of the records have a TTL of 0.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java
index 050913f..b812bb4 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@
      * @throws MdnsPacket.ParseException if a response packet could not be parsed.
      */
     @NonNull
-    public static MdnsPacket parseResponse(@NonNull byte[] recvbuf, int length)
-            throws MdnsPacket.ParseException {
-        MdnsPacketReader reader = new MdnsPacketReader(recvbuf, length);
+    public static MdnsPacket parseResponse(@NonNull byte[] recvbuf, int length,
+            @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) throws MdnsPacket.ParseException {
+        final MdnsPacketReader reader = new MdnsPacketReader(recvbuf, length, mdnsFeatureFlags);
 
         final MdnsPacket mdnsPacket;
         try {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java
index 73a7e3a..f509da2 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java
@@ -37,4 +37,5 @@
     public static final int ERROR_END_OF_FILE = 12;
     public static final int ERROR_READING_NSEC_RDATA = 13;
     public static final int ERROR_READING_ANY_RDATA = 14;
+    public static final int ERROR_READING_KEY_RDATA = 15;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSearchOptions.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSearchOptions.java
index 63835d9..73405ab 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSearchOptions.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSearchOptions.java
@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@
  * @hide
  */
 public class MdnsSearchOptions implements Parcelable {
+    // Passive query mode scans less frequently in order to conserve battery and produce less
+    // network traffic.
+    public static final int PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE = 0;
+    // Active query mode scans frequently.
+    public static final int ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE = 1;
+    // Aggressive query mode scans more frequently than the active mode at first, and sends both
+    // unicast and multicast queries simultaneously, but in long sessions it eventually sends as
+    // many queries as the PASSIVE mode.
+    public static final int AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE = 2;
 
     /** @hide */
     public static final Parcelable.Creator<MdnsSearchOptions> CREATOR =
@@ -47,9 +56,10 @@
                 public MdnsSearchOptions createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
                     return new MdnsSearchOptions(
                             source.createStringArrayList(),
-                            source.readInt() == 1,
+                            source.readInt(),
                             source.readInt() == 1,
                             source.readParcelable(null),
+                            source.readInt(),
                             source.readString(),
                             source.readInt() == 1,
                             source.readInt());
@@ -64,19 +74,22 @@
     private final List<String> subtypes;
     @Nullable
     private final String resolveInstanceName;
-    private final boolean isPassiveMode;
+    private final int queryMode;
     private final boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
     private final int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff;
     private final boolean removeExpiredService;
     // The target network for searching. Null network means search on all possible interfaces.
     @Nullable private final Network mNetwork;
+    // If the target interface does not have a Network, set to the interface index, otherwise unset.
+    private final int mInterfaceIndex;
 
     /** Parcelable constructs for a {@link MdnsSearchOptions}. */
     MdnsSearchOptions(
             List<String> subtypes,
-            boolean isPassiveMode,
+            int queryMode,
             boolean removeExpiredService,
             @Nullable Network network,
+            int interfaceIndex,
             @Nullable String resolveInstanceName,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks,
             int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff) {
@@ -84,11 +97,12 @@
         if (subtypes != null) {
             this.subtypes.addAll(subtypes);
         }
-        this.isPassiveMode = isPassiveMode;
+        this.queryMode = queryMode;
         this.onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
         this.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff = numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff;
         this.removeExpiredService = removeExpiredService;
         mNetwork = network;
+        mInterfaceIndex = interfaceIndex;
         this.resolveInstanceName = resolveInstanceName;
     }
 
@@ -111,11 +125,10 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * @return {@code true} if the passive mode is used. The passive mode scans less frequently in
-     * order to conserve battery and produce less network traffic.
+     * @return the current query mode.
      */
-    public boolean isPassiveMode() {
-        return isPassiveMode;
+    public int getQueryMode() {
+        return queryMode;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -140,15 +153,27 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the network which the mdns query should target on.
+     * Returns the network which the mdns query should target.
      *
-     * @return the target network or null if search on all possible interfaces.
+     * @return the target network or null to search on all possible interfaces.
      */
     @Nullable
     public Network getNetwork() {
         return mNetwork;
     }
 
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the interface index which the mdns query should target.
+     *
+     * This is only set when the service is to be searched on an interface that does not have a
+     * Network, in which case {@link #getNetwork()} returns null.
+     * The interface index as per {@link java.net.NetworkInterface#getIndex}, or 0 if unset.
+     */
+    public int getInterfaceIndex() {
+        return mInterfaceIndex;
+    }
+
     /**
      * If non-null, queries should try to resolve all records of this specific service, rather than
      * discovering all services.
@@ -166,9 +191,10 @@
     @Override
     public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
         out.writeStringList(subtypes);
-        out.writeInt(isPassiveMode ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(queryMode);
         out.writeInt(removeExpiredService ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeParcelable(mNetwork, 0);
+        out.writeInt(mInterfaceIndex);
         out.writeString(resolveInstanceName);
         out.writeInt(onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeInt(numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff);
@@ -177,11 +203,12 @@
     /** A builder to create {@link MdnsSearchOptions}. */
     public static final class Builder {
         private final Set<String> subtypes;
-        private boolean isPassiveMode = true;
+        private int queryMode = PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
         private boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = false;
         private int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff = 3;
         private boolean removeExpiredService;
         private Network mNetwork;
+        private int mInterfaceIndex;
         private String resolveInstanceName;
 
         private Builder() {
@@ -212,14 +239,12 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Sets if the passive mode scan should be used. The passive mode scans less frequently in
-         * order to conserve battery and produce less network traffic.
+         * Sets which query mode should be used.
          *
-         * @param isPassiveMode If set to {@code true}, passive mode will be used. If set to {@code
-         *                      false}, active mode will be used.
+         * @param queryMode the query mode should be used.
          */
-        public Builder setIsPassiveMode(boolean isPassiveMode) {
-            this.isPassiveMode = isPassiveMode;
+        public Builder setQueryMode(int queryMode) {
+            this.queryMode = queryMode;
             return this;
         }
 
@@ -272,13 +297,24 @@
             return this;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Set the interface index to use for the query, if not querying on a {@link Network}.
+         *
+         * @see MdnsSearchOptions#getInterfaceIndex()
+         */
+        public Builder setInterfaceIndex(int index) {
+            mInterfaceIndex = index;
+            return this;
+        }
+
         /** Builds a {@link MdnsSearchOptions} with the arguments supplied to this builder. */
         public MdnsSearchOptions build() {
             return new MdnsSearchOptions(
                     new ArrayList<>(subtypes),
-                    isPassiveMode,
+                    queryMode,
                     removeExpiredService,
                     mNetwork,
+                    mInterfaceIndex,
                     resolveInstanceName,
                     onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks,
                     numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java
index d3493c7..e9a41d1 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java
@@ -16,16 +16,22 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsResponse.EXPIRATION_NEVER;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase;
 
+import static java.lang.Math.min;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
+
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Iterator;
@@ -67,8 +73,11 @@
         }
     }
     /**
-     * A map of cached services. Key is composed of service name, type and socket. Value is the
-     * service which use the service type to discover from each socket.
+     * A map of cached services. Key is composed of service type and socket. Value is the list of
+     * services which are discovered from the given CacheKey.
+     * When the MdnsFeatureFlags#NSD_EXPIRED_SERVICES_REMOVAL flag is enabled, the lists are sorted
+     * by expiration time, with the earliest entries appearing first. This sorting allows the
+     * removal process to progress through the expiration check efficiently.
      */
     @NonNull
     private final ArrayMap<CacheKey, List<MdnsResponse>> mCachedServices = new ArrayMap<>();
@@ -82,10 +91,20 @@
     private final Handler mHandler;
     @NonNull
     private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
+    @NonNull
+    private final MdnsUtils.Clock mClock;
+    private long mNextExpirationTime = EXPIRATION_NEVER;
 
     public MdnsServiceCache(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
+        this(looper, mdnsFeatureFlags, new MdnsUtils.Clock());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    MdnsServiceCache(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags,
+            @NonNull MdnsUtils.Clock clock) {
         mHandler = new Handler(looper);
         mMdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
+        mClock = clock;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -97,6 +116,9 @@
     @NonNull
     public List<MdnsResponse> getCachedServices(@NonNull CacheKey cacheKey) {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
+        if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled) {
+            maybeRemoveExpiredServices(cacheKey, mClock.elapsedRealtime());
+        }
         return mCachedServices.containsKey(cacheKey)
                 ? Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(mCachedServices.get(cacheKey)))
                 : Collections.emptyList();
@@ -129,6 +151,9 @@
     @Nullable
     public MdnsResponse getCachedService(@NonNull String serviceName, @NonNull CacheKey cacheKey) {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
+        if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled) {
+            maybeRemoveExpiredServices(cacheKey, mClock.elapsedRealtime());
+        }
         final List<MdnsResponse> responses = mCachedServices.get(cacheKey);
         if (responses == null) {
             return null;
@@ -137,6 +162,16 @@
         return response != null ? new MdnsResponse(response) : null;
     }
 
+    static void insertResponseAndSortList(
+            List<MdnsResponse> responses, MdnsResponse response, long now) {
+        // binarySearch returns "the index of the search key, if it is contained in the list;
+        // otherwise, (-(insertion point) - 1)"
+        final int searchRes = Collections.binarySearch(responses, response,
+                // Sort the list by ttl.
+                (o1, o2) -> Long.compare(o1.getMinRemainingTtl(now), o2.getMinRemainingTtl(now)));
+        responses.add(searchRes >= 0 ? searchRes : (-searchRes - 1), response);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Add or update a service.
      *
@@ -151,7 +186,15 @@
         final MdnsResponse existing =
                 findMatchedResponse(responses, response.getServiceInstanceName());
         responses.remove(existing);
-        responses.add(response);
+        if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled) {
+            final long now = mClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            // Insert and sort service
+            insertResponseAndSortList(responses, response, now);
+            // Update the next expiration check time when a new service is added.
+            mNextExpirationTime = getNextExpirationTime(now);
+        } else {
+            responses.add(response);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -168,14 +211,25 @@
             return null;
         }
         final Iterator<MdnsResponse> iterator = responses.iterator();
+        MdnsResponse removedResponse = null;
         while (iterator.hasNext()) {
             final MdnsResponse response = iterator.next();
             if (equalsIgnoreDnsCase(serviceName, response.getServiceInstanceName())) {
                 iterator.remove();
-                return response;
+                removedResponse = response;
+                break;
             }
         }
-        return null;
+
+        if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled) {
+            // Remove the serviceType if no response.
+            if (responses.isEmpty()) {
+                mCachedServices.remove(cacheKey);
+            }
+            // Update the next expiration check time when a service is removed.
+            mNextExpirationTime = getNextExpirationTime(mClock.elapsedRealtime());
+        }
+        return removedResponse;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -203,6 +257,87 @@
         mCallbacks.remove(cacheKey);
     }
 
+    private void notifyServiceExpired(@NonNull CacheKey cacheKey,
+            @NonNull MdnsResponse previousResponse, @Nullable MdnsResponse newResponse) {
+        final ServiceExpiredCallback callback = mCallbacks.get(cacheKey);
+        if (callback == null) {
+            // The cached service is no listener.
+            return;
+        }
+        mHandler.post(()-> callback.onServiceRecordExpired(previousResponse, newResponse));
+    }
+
+    static List<MdnsResponse> removeExpiredServices(@NonNull List<MdnsResponse> responses,
+            long now) {
+        final List<MdnsResponse> removedResponses = new ArrayList<>();
+        final Iterator<MdnsResponse> iterator = responses.iterator();
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            final MdnsResponse response = iterator.next();
+            // TODO: Check other records (A, AAAA, TXT) ttl time and remove the record if it's
+            //  expired. Then send service update notification.
+            if (!response.hasServiceRecord() || response.getMinRemainingTtl(now) > 0) {
+                // The responses are sorted by the service record ttl time. Break out of loop
+                // early if service is not expired or no service record.
+                break;
+            }
+            // Remove the ttl expired service.
+            iterator.remove();
+            removedResponses.add(response);
+        }
+        return removedResponses;
+    }
+
+    private long getNextExpirationTime(long now) {
+        if (mCachedServices.isEmpty()) {
+            return EXPIRATION_NEVER;
+        }
+
+        long minRemainingTtl = EXPIRATION_NEVER;
+        for (int i = 0; i < mCachedServices.size(); i++) {
+            minRemainingTtl = min(minRemainingTtl,
+                    // The empty lists are not kept in the map, so there's always at least one
+                    // element in the list. Therefore, it's fine to get the first element without a
+                    // null check.
+                    mCachedServices.valueAt(i).get(0).getMinRemainingTtl(now));
+        }
+        return minRemainingTtl == EXPIRATION_NEVER ? EXPIRATION_NEVER : now + minRemainingTtl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether the ttl time is expired on each service and notify to the listeners
+     */
+    private void maybeRemoveExpiredServices(CacheKey cacheKey, long now) {
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
+        if (now < mNextExpirationTime) {
+            // Skip the check if ttl time is not expired.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final List<MdnsResponse> responses = mCachedServices.get(cacheKey);
+        if (responses == null) {
+            // No such services.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final List<MdnsResponse> removedResponses = removeExpiredServices(responses, now);
+        if (removedResponses.isEmpty()) {
+            // No expired services.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (MdnsResponse previousResponse : removedResponses) {
+            notifyServiceExpired(cacheKey, previousResponse, null /* newResponse */);
+        }
+
+        // Remove the serviceType if no response.
+        if (responses.isEmpty()) {
+            mCachedServices.remove(cacheKey);
+        }
+
+        // Update next expiration time.
+        mNextExpirationTime = getNextExpirationTime(now);
+    }
+
     /*** Callbacks for listening service expiration */
     public interface ServiceExpiredCallback {
         /*** Notify the service is expired */
@@ -210,5 +345,5 @@
                 @Nullable MdnsResponse newResponse);
     }
 
-    // TODO: check ttl expiration for each service and notify to the clients.
+    // TODO: Schedule a job to check ttl expiration for all services and notify to the clients.
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java
index 78df6df..1ec9e39 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.ByteUtils;
 
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@
                             source.createStringArrayList(),
                             source.createTypedArrayList(TextEntry.CREATOR),
                             source.readInt(),
-                            source.readParcelable(null));
+                            source.readParcelable(Network.class.getClassLoader()),
+                            Instant.ofEpochSecond(source.readLong()));
                 }
 
                 @Override
@@ -89,54 +91,8 @@
     @Nullable
     private final Network network;
 
-    /** Constructs a {@link MdnsServiceInfo} object with default values. */
-    public MdnsServiceInfo(
-            String serviceInstanceName,
-            String[] serviceType,
-            @Nullable List<String> subtypes,
-            String[] hostName,
-            int port,
-            @Nullable String ipv4Address,
-            @Nullable String ipv6Address,
-            @Nullable List<String> textStrings) {
-        this(
-                serviceInstanceName,
-                serviceType,
-                subtypes,
-                hostName,
-                port,
-                List.of(ipv4Address),
-                List.of(ipv6Address),
-                textStrings,
-                /* textEntries= */ null,
-                /* interfaceIndex= */ INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED,
-                /* network= */ null);
-    }
-
-    /** Constructs a {@link MdnsServiceInfo} object with default values. */
-    public MdnsServiceInfo(
-            String serviceInstanceName,
-            String[] serviceType,
-            List<String> subtypes,
-            String[] hostName,
-            int port,
-            @Nullable String ipv4Address,
-            @Nullable String ipv6Address,
-            @Nullable List<String> textStrings,
-            @Nullable List<TextEntry> textEntries) {
-        this(
-                serviceInstanceName,
-                serviceType,
-                subtypes,
-                hostName,
-                port,
-                List.of(ipv4Address),
-                List.of(ipv6Address),
-                textStrings,
-                textEntries,
-                /* interfaceIndex= */ INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED,
-                /* network= */ null);
-    }
+    @NonNull
+    private final Instant expirationTime;
 
     /**
      * Constructs a {@link MdnsServiceInfo} object with default values.
@@ -165,7 +121,8 @@
                 textStrings,
                 textEntries,
                 interfaceIndex,
-                /* network= */ null);
+                /* network= */ null,
+                /* expirationTime= */ Instant.MAX);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -184,7 +141,8 @@
             @Nullable List<String> textStrings,
             @Nullable List<TextEntry> textEntries,
             int interfaceIndex,
-            @Nullable Network network) {
+            @Nullable Network network,
+            @NonNull Instant expirationTime) {
         this.serviceInstanceName = serviceInstanceName;
         this.serviceType = serviceType;
         this.subtypes = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -217,6 +175,7 @@
         this.attributes = Collections.unmodifiableMap(attributes);
         this.interfaceIndex = interfaceIndex;
         this.network = network;
+        this.expirationTime = Instant.ofEpochSecond(expirationTime.getEpochSecond());
     }
 
     private static List<TextEntry> parseTextStrings(List<String> textStrings) {
@@ -314,6 +273,17 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Returns the timestamp after when this service is expired or {@code null} if the expiration
+     * time is unknown.
+     *
+     * A service is considered expired if any of its DNS record is expired.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Instant getExpirationTime() {
+        return expirationTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Returns attribute value for {@code key} as a UTF-8 string. It's the caller who must make sure
      * that the value of {@code key} is indeed a UTF-8 string. {@code null} will be returned if no
      * attribute value exists for {@code key}.
@@ -364,6 +334,7 @@
         out.writeTypedList(textEntries);
         out.writeInt(interfaceIndex);
         out.writeParcelable(network, 0);
+        out.writeLong(expirationTime.getEpochSecond());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -377,7 +348,8 @@
                 + ", interfaceIndex: " + interfaceIndex
                 + ", network: " + network
                 + ", textStrings: " + textStrings
-                + ", textEntries: " + textEntries;
+                + ", textEntries: " + textEntries
+                + ", expirationTime: " + expirationTime;
     }
 
 
@@ -496,4 +468,4 @@
             out.writeByteArray(value);
         }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java
index 4d407be..0d6a9ec 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java
@@ -49,6 +49,12 @@
         super(name, TYPE_SRV, reader, isQuestion);
     }
 
+    public MdnsServiceRecord(String[] name, boolean isUnicast) {
+        super(name, TYPE_SRV,
+                MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET | (isUnicast ? MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST : 0),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */, 0L /* ttlMillis */);
+    }
+
     public MdnsServiceRecord(String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush,
                     long ttlMillis, int servicePriority, int serviceWeight, int servicePort,
                     String[] serviceHost) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
index 0a03186..b3bdbe0 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
@@ -30,15 +30,22 @@
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -52,7 +59,6 @@
 public class MdnsServiceTypeClient {
 
     private static final String TAG = MdnsServiceTypeClient.class.getSimpleName();
-    private static final int DEFAULT_MTU = 1500;
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int EVENT_START_QUERYTASK = 1;
     static final int EVENT_QUERY_RESULT = 2;
@@ -81,7 +87,8 @@
                     notifyRemovedServiceToListeners(previousResponse, "Service record expired");
                 }
             };
-    private final ArrayMap<MdnsServiceBrowserListener, MdnsSearchOptions> listeners =
+    @NonNull private final MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags;
+    private final ArrayMap<MdnsServiceBrowserListener, ListenerInfo> listeners =
             new ArrayMap<>();
     private final boolean removeServiceAfterTtlExpires =
             MdnsConfigs.removeServiceAfterTtlExpires();
@@ -95,6 +102,32 @@
     private long currentSessionId = 0;
     private long lastSentTime;
 
+    private static class ListenerInfo {
+        @NonNull
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions;
+        final Set<String> discoveredServiceNames;
+
+        ListenerInfo(@NonNull MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions,
+                @Nullable ListenerInfo previousInfo) {
+            this.searchOptions = searchOptions;
+            this.discoveredServiceNames = previousInfo == null
+                    ? MdnsUtils.newSet() : previousInfo.discoveredServiceNames;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the given service name as discovered.
+         *
+         * @return true if the service name was not discovered before.
+         */
+        boolean setServiceDiscovered(@NonNull String serviceName) {
+            return discoveredServiceNames.add(MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(serviceName));
+        }
+
+        void unsetServiceDiscovered(@NonNull String serviceName) {
+            discoveredServiceNames.remove(MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(serviceName));
+        }
+    }
+
     private class QueryTaskHandler extends Handler {
         QueryTaskHandler(Looper looper) {
             super(looper);
@@ -113,7 +146,8 @@
                     // before sending the query, it needs to be called just before sending it.
                     final List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve = makeResponsesForResolve(socketKey);
                     final QueryTask queryTask = new QueryTask(taskArgs, servicesToResolve,
-                            servicesToResolve.size() < listeners.size() /* sendDiscoveryQueries */);
+                            getAllDiscoverySubtypes(), needSendDiscoveryQueries(listeners),
+                            getExistingServices());
                     executor.submit(queryTask);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -162,7 +196,7 @@
     /**
      * Dependencies of MdnsServiceTypeClient, for injection in tests.
      */
-    @VisibleForTesting
+    @VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
     public static class Dependencies {
         /**
          * @see Handler#sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)
@@ -192,6 +226,25 @@
         public void sendMessage(@NonNull Handler handler, @NonNull Message message) {
             handler.sendMessage(message);
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Generate the DatagramPackets from given MdnsPacket and InetSocketAddress.
+         *
+         * <p> If the query with known answer feature is enabled and the MdnsPacket is too large for
+         *     a single DatagramPacket, it will be split into multiple DatagramPackets.
+         */
+        public List<DatagramPacket> getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull MdnsPacket packet,
+                @NonNull InetSocketAddress address, boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswer)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (isQueryWithKnownAnswer) {
+                return MdnsUtils.createQueryDatagramPackets(packetCreationBuffer, packet, address);
+            } else {
+                final byte[] queryBuffer =
+                        MdnsUtils.createRawDnsPacket(packetCreationBuffer, packet);
+                return List.of(new DatagramPacket(queryBuffer, 0, queryBuffer.length, address));
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -207,9 +260,10 @@
             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
             @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
             @NonNull Looper looper,
-            @NonNull MdnsServiceCache serviceCache) {
+            @NonNull MdnsServiceCache serviceCache,
+            @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags) {
         this(serviceType, socketClient, executor, new Clock(), socketKey, sharedLog, looper,
-                new Dependencies(), serviceCache);
+                new Dependencies(), serviceCache, featureFlags);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -222,7 +276,8 @@
             @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
             @NonNull Looper looper,
             @NonNull Dependencies dependencies,
-            @NonNull MdnsServiceCache serviceCache) {
+            @NonNull MdnsServiceCache serviceCache,
+            @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags) {
         this.serviceType = serviceType;
         this.socketClient = socketClient;
         this.executor = executor;
@@ -236,6 +291,7 @@
         this.serviceCache = serviceCache;
         this.mdnsQueryScheduler = new MdnsQueryScheduler();
         this.cacheKey = new MdnsServiceCache.CacheKey(serviceType, socketKey);
+        this.featureFlags = featureFlags;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -281,6 +337,7 @@
             textStrings = response.getTextRecord().getStrings();
             textEntries = response.getTextRecord().getEntries();
         }
+        Instant now = Instant.now();
         // TODO: Throw an error message if response doesn't have Inet6 or Inet4 address.
         return new MdnsServiceInfo(
                 serviceInstanceName,
@@ -293,7 +350,13 @@
                 textStrings,
                 textEntries,
                 response.getInterfaceIndex(),
-                response.getNetwork());
+                response.getNetwork(),
+                now.plusMillis(response.getMinRemainingTtl(now.toEpochMilli())));
+    }
+
+    private List<MdnsResponse> getExistingServices() {
+        return featureFlags.isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled()
+                ? serviceCache.getCachedServices(cacheKey) : Collections.emptyList();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -311,13 +374,16 @@
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
         this.searchOptions = searchOptions;
         boolean hadReply = false;
-        if (listeners.put(listener, searchOptions) == null) {
-            for (MdnsResponse existingResponse :
-                    serviceCache.getCachedServices(cacheKey)) {
+        final ListenerInfo existingInfo = listeners.get(listener);
+        final ListenerInfo listenerInfo = new ListenerInfo(searchOptions, existingInfo);
+        listeners.put(listener, listenerInfo);
+        if (existingInfo == null) {
+            for (MdnsResponse existingResponse : serviceCache.getCachedServices(cacheKey)) {
                 if (!responseMatchesOptions(existingResponse, searchOptions)) continue;
                 final MdnsServiceInfo info =
                         buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(existingResponse, serviceTypeLabels);
                 listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(info, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
+                listenerInfo.setServiceDiscovered(info.getServiceInstanceName());
                 if (existingResponse.isComplete()) {
                     listener.onServiceFound(info, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
                     hadReply = true;
@@ -330,8 +396,7 @@
         // Keep tracking the ScheduledFuture for the task so we can cancel it if caller is not
         // interested anymore.
         final QueryTaskConfig taskConfig = new QueryTaskConfig(
-                searchOptions.getSubtypes(),
-                searchOptions.isPassiveMode(),
+                searchOptions.getQueryMode(),
                 searchOptions.onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks(),
                 searchOptions.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(),
                 socketKey);
@@ -358,13 +423,23 @@
             final QueryTask queryTask = new QueryTask(
                     mdnsQueryScheduler.scheduleFirstRun(taskConfig, now,
                             minRemainingTtl, currentSessionId), servicesToResolve,
-                    servicesToResolve.size() < listeners.size() /* sendDiscoveryQueries */);
+                    getAllDiscoverySubtypes(), needSendDiscoveryQueries(listeners),
+                    getExistingServices());
             executor.submit(queryTask);
         }
 
         serviceCache.registerServiceExpiredCallback(cacheKey, serviceExpiredCallback);
     }
 
+    private Set<String> getAllDiscoverySubtypes() {
+        final Set<String> subtypes = MdnsUtils.newSet();
+        for (int i = 0; i < listeners.size(); i++) {
+            final MdnsSearchOptions listenerOptions = listeners.valueAt(i).searchOptions;
+            subtypes.addAll(listenerOptions.getSubtypes());
+        }
+        return subtypes;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the executor service.
      */
@@ -481,9 +556,10 @@
     private void notifyRemovedServiceToListeners(@NonNull MdnsResponse response,
             @NonNull String message) {
         for (int i = 0; i < listeners.size(); i++) {
-            if (!responseMatchesOptions(response, listeners.valueAt(i))) continue;
+            if (!responseMatchesOptions(response, listeners.valueAt(i).searchOptions)) continue;
             final MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener = listeners.keyAt(i);
             if (response.getServiceInstanceName() != null) {
+                listeners.valueAt(i).unsetServiceDiscovered(response.getServiceInstanceName());
                 final MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo = buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(
                         response, serviceTypeLabels);
                 if (response.isComplete()) {
@@ -512,10 +588,9 @@
         final MdnsResponse currentResponse =
                 serviceCache.getCachedService(serviceInstanceName, cacheKey);
 
-        boolean newServiceFound = false;
+        final boolean newInCache = currentResponse == null;
         boolean serviceBecomesComplete = false;
-        if (currentResponse == null) {
-            newServiceFound = true;
+        if (newInCache) {
             if (serviceInstanceName != null) {
                 serviceCache.addOrUpdateService(cacheKey, response);
             }
@@ -526,16 +601,22 @@
             serviceBecomesComplete = !before && after;
         }
         sharedLog.i(String.format(
-                "Handling response from service: %s, newServiceFound: %b, serviceBecomesComplete:"
+                "Handling response from service: %s, newInCache: %b, serviceBecomesComplete:"
                         + " %b, responseIsComplete: %b",
-                serviceInstanceName, newServiceFound, serviceBecomesComplete,
+                serviceInstanceName, newInCache, serviceBecomesComplete,
                 response.isComplete()));
         MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo =
                 buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(response, serviceTypeLabels);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < listeners.size(); i++) {
-            if (!responseMatchesOptions(response, listeners.valueAt(i))) continue;
+            // If a service stops matching the options (currently can only happen if it loses a
+            // subtype), service lost callbacks should also be sent; this is not done today as
+            // only expiration of SRV records is used, not PTR records used for subtypes, so
+            // services never lose PTR record subtypes.
+            if (!responseMatchesOptions(response, listeners.valueAt(i).searchOptions)) continue;
             final MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener = listeners.keyAt(i);
+            final ListenerInfo listenerInfo = listeners.valueAt(i);
+            final boolean newServiceFound = listenerInfo.setServiceDiscovered(serviceInstanceName);
             if (newServiceFound) {
                 sharedLog.log("onServiceNameDiscovered: " + serviceInfo);
                 listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
@@ -569,18 +650,17 @@
         return searchOptions != null && searchOptions.removeExpiredService();
     }
 
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
-        return new MdnsPacketWriter(DEFAULT_MTU);
-    }
-
     private List<MdnsResponse> makeResponsesForResolve(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
         final List<MdnsResponse> resolveResponses = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < listeners.size(); i++) {
-            final String resolveName = listeners.valueAt(i).getResolveInstanceName();
+            final String resolveName = listeners.valueAt(i).searchOptions.getResolveInstanceName();
             if (resolveName == null) {
                 continue;
             }
+            if (CollectionUtils.any(resolveResponses,
+                    r -> MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(resolveName, r.getServiceInstanceName()))) {
+                continue;
+            }
             MdnsResponse knownResponse =
                     serviceCache.getCachedService(resolveName, cacheKey);
             if (knownResponse == null) {
@@ -597,6 +677,17 @@
         return resolveResponses;
     }
 
+    private static boolean needSendDiscoveryQueries(
+            @NonNull ArrayMap<MdnsServiceBrowserListener, ListenerInfo> listeners) {
+        // Note iterators are discouraged on ArrayMap as per its documentation
+        for (int i = 0; i < listeners.size(); i++) {
+            if (listeners.valueAt(i).searchOptions.getResolveInstanceName() == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private void tryRemoveServiceAfterTtlExpires() {
         if (!shouldRemoveServiceAfterTtlExpires()) return;
 
@@ -629,12 +720,18 @@
     private class QueryTask implements Runnable {
         private final MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
         private final List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve = new ArrayList<>();
+        private final List<String> subtypes = new ArrayList<>();
         private final boolean sendDiscoveryQueries;
+        private final List<MdnsResponse> existingServices = new ArrayList<>();
         QueryTask(@NonNull MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
-                @NonNull List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve, boolean sendDiscoveryQueries) {
+                @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve,
+                @NonNull Collection<String> subtypes, boolean sendDiscoveryQueries,
+                @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> existingServices) {
             this.taskArgs = taskArgs;
             this.servicesToResolve.addAll(servicesToResolve);
+            this.subtypes.addAll(subtypes);
             this.sendDiscoveryQueries = sendDiscoveryQueries;
+            this.existingServices.addAll(existingServices);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -644,9 +741,8 @@
                 result =
                         new EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable(
                                 socketClient,
-                                createMdnsPacketWriter(),
                                 serviceType,
-                                taskArgs.config.subtypes,
+                                subtypes,
                                 taskArgs.config.expectUnicastResponse,
                                 taskArgs.config.transactionId,
                                 taskArgs.config.socketKey,
@@ -654,11 +750,14 @@
                                 sendDiscoveryQueries,
                                 servicesToResolve,
                                 clock,
-                                sharedLog)
+                                sharedLog,
+                                dependencies,
+                                existingServices,
+                                featureFlags.isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled())
                                 .call();
             } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 sharedLog.e(String.format("Failed to run EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable for subtype: %s",
-                        TextUtils.join(",", taskArgs.config.subtypes)), e);
+                        TextUtils.join(",", subtypes)), e);
                 result = Pair.create(INVALID_TRANSACTION_ID, new ArrayList<>());
             }
             dependencies.sendMessage(
@@ -693,4 +792,13 @@
                 args.sessionId, timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs));
         return timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump ServiceTypeClient state.
+     */
+    public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
+        pw.println("ServiceTypeClient: Type{" + serviceType + "} " + socketKey + " with "
+                + listeners.size() + " listeners.");
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
index c51811b..653ea6c 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
     MdnsSocket(@NonNull MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider,
             MulticastSocket multicastSocket, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
         this.multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider = multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider;
-        this.multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider.startWatchingConnectivityChanges();
         this.multicastSocket = multicastSocket;
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         // RFC Spec: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762
@@ -120,7 +119,6 @@
     public void close() {
         // This is a race with the use of the file descriptor (b/27403984).
         multicastSocket.close();
-        multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider.stopWatchingConnectivityChanges();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
index d18a19b..9cfcba1 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.MulticastLock;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
@@ -105,9 +106,11 @@
     private AtomicInteger packetsCount;
     @Nullable private Timer checkMulticastResponseTimer;
     private final SharedLog sharedLog;
+    @NonNull private final MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags;
+    private final MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider interfaceProvider;
 
     public MdnsSocketClient(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull MulticastLock multicastLock,
-            SharedLog sharedLog) {
+            SharedLog sharedLog, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         this.context = context;
         this.multicastLock = multicastLock;
@@ -116,6 +119,8 @@
         } else {
             unicastReceiverBuffer = null;
         }
+        this.mdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
+        this.interfaceProvider = new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context, sharedLog);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -136,6 +141,7 @@
         cannotReceiveMulticastResponse.set(false);
 
         shouldStopSocketLoop = false;
+        interfaceProvider.startWatchingConnectivityChanges();
         try {
             // TODO (changed when importing code): consider setting thread stats tag
             multicastSocket = createMdnsSocket(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, sharedLog);
@@ -181,6 +187,7 @@
         }
 
         multicastLock.release();
+        interfaceProvider.stopWatchingConnectivityChanges();
 
         shouldStopSocketLoop = true;
         waitForSendThreadToStop();
@@ -200,18 +207,18 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
-        sendMdnsPacket(packet, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+        sendMdnsPackets(packets, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         if (useSeparateSocketForUnicast) {
-            sendMdnsPacket(packet, unicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+            sendMdnsPackets(packets, unicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
         } else {
-            sendMdnsPacket(packet, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+            sendMdnsPackets(packets, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
         }
     }
 
@@ -232,17 +239,21 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private void sendMdnsPacket(DatagramPacket packet, Queue<DatagramPacket> packetQueueToUse,
-            boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+    private void sendMdnsPackets(List<DatagramPacket> packets,
+            Queue<DatagramPacket> packetQueueToUse, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         if (shouldStopSocketLoop && !MdnsConfigs.allowAddMdnsPacketAfterDiscoveryStops()) {
             sharedLog.w("sendMdnsPacket() is called after discovery already stopped");
             return;
         }
+        if (packets.isEmpty()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "No mDns packets to send");
+            return;
+        }
 
-        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet4Address;
-        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet6Address;
+        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
+        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address;
         final boolean ipv6Only = multicastSocket != null && multicastSocket.isOnIPv6OnlyNetwork();
         if (isIpv4 && ipv6Only) {
             return;
@@ -252,10 +263,11 @@
         }
 
         synchronized (packetQueueToUse) {
-            while (packetQueueToUse.size() >= MdnsConfigs.mdnsPacketQueueMaxSize()) {
+            while ((packetQueueToUse.size() + packets.size())
+                    > MdnsConfigs.mdnsPacketQueueMaxSize()) {
                 packetQueueToUse.remove();
             }
-            packetQueueToUse.add(packet);
+            packetQueueToUse.addAll(packets);
         }
         triggerSendThread();
     }
@@ -454,7 +466,8 @@
 
         final MdnsPacket response;
         try {
-            response = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(packet.getData(), packet.getLength());
+            response = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(
+                    packet.getData(), packet.getLength(), mdnsFeatureFlags);
         } catch (MdnsPacket.ParseException e) {
             sharedLog.w(String.format("Error while decoding %s packet (%d): %d",
                     responseType, packetNumber, e.code));
@@ -479,8 +492,7 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
-        return new MdnsSocket(new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context, sharedLog), port,
-                sharedLog);
+        return new MdnsSocket(interfaceProvider, port, sharedLog);
     }
 
     private void sendPackets(List<DatagramPacket> packets, MdnsSocket socket) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
index b6000f0..b1a543a 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * Base class for multicast socket client.
@@ -40,15 +41,15 @@
     void setCallback(@Nullable Callback callback);
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given network that asks for multicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given network that asks for multicast response.
      */
-    void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given network that asks for unicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given network that asks for unicast response.
      */
-    void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
 
     /*** Notify that the given network is requested for mdns discovery / resolution */
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java
index cf6c8ac..92cf324 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java
@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@
         super(name, TYPE_TXT, reader, isQuestion);
     }
 
+    public MdnsTextRecord(String[] name, boolean isUnicast) {
+        super(name, TYPE_TXT,
+                MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET | (isUnicast ? MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST : 0),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */, 0L /* ttlMillis */);
+    }
+
     public MdnsTextRecord(String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush, long ttlMillis,
             List<TextEntry> entries) {
         super(name, TYPE_TXT, MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET, receiptTimeMillis, cacheFlush,
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java
index 3cd77a4..70451f3 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java
@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@
     private final Set<PacketHandler> mPacketHandlers = MdnsUtils.newSet();
 
     interface PacketHandler {
+        /**
+         * Handle an incoming packet.
+         *
+         * The recvbuf and src <b>will be reused and modified</b> after this method returns, so
+         * implementers must ensure that they are not accessed after handlePacket returns.
+         */
         void handlePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length, InetSocketAddress src);
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java
index 19282b0..0894166 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java
@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.List;
-
 /**
  * A configuration for the PeriodicalQueryTask that contains parameters to build a query packet.
  * Call to getConfigForNextRun returns a config that can be used to build the next query task.
@@ -33,19 +32,26 @@
 
     private static final int INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS =
             (int) MdnsConfigs.initialTimeBetweenBurstsMs();
-    private static final int TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS = (int) MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenBurstsMs();
+    private static final int MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS =
+            (int) MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenBurstsMs();
     private static final int QUERIES_PER_BURST = (int) MdnsConfigs.queriesPerBurst();
     private static final int TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS =
             (int) MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenQueriesInBurstMs();
     private static final int QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE =
             (int) MdnsConfigs.queriesPerBurstPassive();
     private static final int UNSIGNED_SHORT_MAX_VALUE = 65536;
-    // The following fields are used by QueryTask so we need to test them.
     @VisibleForTesting
-    final List<String> subtypes;
+    // RFC 6762 5.2: The interval between the first two queries MUST be at least one second.
+    static final int INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS = 1000;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    // Basically this tries to send one query per typical DTIM interval 100ms, to maximize the
+    // chances that a query will be received if devices are using a DTIM multiplier (in which case
+    // they only listen once every [multiplier] DTIM intervals).
+    static final int TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS = 100;
+    static final int MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS = 60000;
     private final boolean alwaysAskForUnicastResponse =
             MdnsConfigs.alwaysAskForUnicastResponseInEachBurst();
-    private final boolean usePassiveMode;
+    private final int queryMode;
     final boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
     private final int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff;
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -65,8 +71,7 @@
             boolean expectUnicastResponse, boolean isFirstBurst, int burstCounter,
             int queriesPerBurst, int timeBetweenBurstsInMs,
             long delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs) {
-        this.subtypes = new ArrayList<>(other.subtypes);
-        this.usePassiveMode = other.usePassiveMode;
+        this.queryMode = other.queryMode;
         this.onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = other.onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
         this.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff = other.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff;
         this.transactionId = transactionId;
@@ -79,36 +84,72 @@
         this.queryCount = queryCount;
         this.socketKey = other.socketKey;
     }
-    QueryTaskConfig(@NonNull Collection<String> subtypes,
-            boolean usePassiveMode,
+
+    QueryTaskConfig(int queryMode,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks,
             int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff,
             @Nullable SocketKey socketKey) {
-        this.usePassiveMode = usePassiveMode;
+        this.queryMode = queryMode;
         this.onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
         this.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff = numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff;
-        this.subtypes = new ArrayList<>(subtypes);
         this.queriesPerBurst = QUERIES_PER_BURST;
         this.burstCounter = 0;
         this.transactionId = 1;
         this.expectUnicastResponse = true;
         this.isFirstBurst = true;
         // Config the scan frequency based on the scan mode.
-        if (this.usePassiveMode) {
+        if (this.queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
+            this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
+            this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs =
+                    TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
+        } else if (this.queryMode == PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
             // In passive scan mode, sends a single burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries, and then
             // in each TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS interval, sends QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE
             // queries.
-            this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
+            this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
+            this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
         } else {
             // In active scan mode, sends a burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries,
             // TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS apart, then waits for the scan interval, and
             // then repeats. The scan interval starts as INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS and
             // doubles until it maxes out at TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS.
             this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
+            this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
         }
         this.socketKey = socketKey;
         this.queryCount = 0;
-        this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
+    }
+
+    long getDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoff(boolean isFirstQueryInBurst,
+            boolean isLastQueryInBurst) {
+        if (isFirstQueryInBurst && queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (isLastQueryInBurst) {
+            return timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
+        }
+        return queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
+                ? TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS
+                : TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
+    }
+
+    boolean getNextExpectUnicastResponse(boolean isLastQueryInBurst) {
+        if (!isLastQueryInBurst) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return alwaysAskForUnicastResponse;
+    }
+
+    int getNextTimeBetweenBurstsMs(boolean isLastQueryInBurst) {
+        if (!isLastQueryInBurst) {
+            return timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
+        }
+        final int maxTimeBetweenBursts = queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
+                ? MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS : MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
+        return Math.min(timeBetweenBurstsInMs * 2, maxTimeBetweenBursts);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -120,43 +161,26 @@
         if (newTransactionId > UNSIGNED_SHORT_MAX_VALUE) {
             newTransactionId = 1;
         }
-        boolean newExpectUnicastResponse = false;
-        boolean newIsFirstBurst = isFirstBurst;
+
         int newQueriesPerBurst = queriesPerBurst;
         int newBurstCounter = burstCounter + 1;
-        long newDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
-        int newTimeBetweenBurstsInMs = timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
-        // Only the first query expects uni-cast response.
-        if (newBurstCounter == queriesPerBurst) {
+        final boolean isFirstQueryInBurst = newBurstCounter == 1;
+        final boolean isLastQueryInBurst = newBurstCounter == queriesPerBurst;
+        boolean newIsFirstBurst = isFirstBurst && !isLastQueryInBurst;
+        if (isLastQueryInBurst) {
             newBurstCounter = 0;
-
-            if (alwaysAskForUnicastResponse) {
-                newExpectUnicastResponse = true;
-            }
             // In passive scan mode, sends a single burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries, and
             // then in each TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS interval, sends QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE
             // queries.
-            if (isFirstBurst) {
-                newIsFirstBurst = false;
-                if (usePassiveMode) {
-                    newQueriesPerBurst = QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE;
-                }
+            if (isFirstBurst && queryMode == PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
+                newQueriesPerBurst = QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE;
             }
-            // In active scan mode, sends a burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries,
-            // TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS apart, then waits for the scan interval, and
-            // then repeats. The scan interval starts as INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS and
-            // doubles until it maxes out at TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS.
-            newDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
-            if (timeBetweenBurstsInMs < TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS) {
-                newTimeBetweenBurstsInMs = Math.min(timeBetweenBurstsInMs * 2,
-                        TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS);
-            }
-        } else {
-            newDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
         }
+
         return new QueryTaskConfig(this, newQueryCount, newTransactionId,
-                newExpectUnicastResponse, newIsFirstBurst, newBurstCounter, newQueriesPerBurst,
-                newTimeBetweenBurstsInMs, newDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs);
+                getNextExpectUnicastResponse(isLastQueryInBurst), newIsFirstBurst, newBurstCounter,
+                newQueriesPerBurst, getNextTimeBetweenBurstsMs(isLastQueryInBurst),
+                getDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoff(isFirstQueryInBurst, isLastQueryInBurst));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java
index 4d79f9d..3c11a24 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.Network;
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Pair;
 
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacket;
@@ -30,13 +33,18 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.CharBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
@@ -86,7 +94,10 @@
     /**
      * Compare two strings by DNS case-insensitive lowercase.
      */
-    public static boolean equalsIgnoreDnsCase(@NonNull String a, @NonNull String b) {
+    public static boolean equalsIgnoreDnsCase(@Nullable String a, @Nullable String b) {
+        if (a == null || b == null) {
+            return a == null && b == null;
+        }
         if (a.length() != b.length()) return false;
         for (int i = 0; i < a.length(); i++) {
             if (toDnsLowerCase(a.charAt(i)) != toDnsLowerCase(b.charAt(i))) {
@@ -183,13 +194,10 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Create a raw DNS packet.
+     * Write the mdns packet from given MdnsPacket.
      */
-    public static byte[] createRawDnsPacket(@NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer,
-            @NonNull MdnsPacket packet) throws IOException {
-        // TODO: support packets over size (send in multiple packets with TC bit set)
-        final MdnsPacketWriter writer = new MdnsPacketWriter(packetCreationBuffer);
-
+    public static void writeMdnsPacket(@NonNull MdnsPacketWriter writer, @NonNull MdnsPacket packet)
+            throws IOException {
         writer.writeUInt16(packet.transactionId); // Transaction ID (advertisement: 0)
         writer.writeUInt16(packet.flags); // Response, authoritative (rfc6762 18.4)
         writer.writeUInt16(packet.questions.size()); // questions count
@@ -210,12 +218,116 @@
         for (MdnsRecord record : packet.additionalRecords) {
             record.write(writer, 0L);
         }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a raw DNS packet.
+     */
+    public static byte[] createRawDnsPacket(@NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer,
+            @NonNull MdnsPacket packet) throws IOException {
+        // TODO: support packets over size (send in multiple packets with TC bit set)
+        final MdnsPacketWriter writer = new MdnsPacketWriter(packetCreationBuffer);
+        writeMdnsPacket(writer, packet);
 
         final int len = writer.getWritePosition();
         return Arrays.copyOfRange(packetCreationBuffer, 0, len);
     }
 
     /**
+     * Writes the possible query content of an MdnsPacket into the data buffer.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is specifically for query packets. It writes the question and answer sections
+     *    into the data buffer only.
+     *
+     * @param packetCreationBuffer The data buffer for the query content.
+     * @param packet The MdnsPacket to be written into the data buffer.
+     * @return A Pair containing:
+     *         1. The remaining MdnsPacket data that could not fit in the buffer.
+     *         2. The length of the data written to the buffer.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private static Pair<MdnsPacket, Integer> writePossibleMdnsPacket(
+            @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull MdnsPacket packet) throws IOException {
+        MdnsPacket remainingPacket;
+        final MdnsPacketWriter writer = new MdnsPacketWriter(packetCreationBuffer);
+        writer.writeUInt16(packet.transactionId); // Transaction ID
+
+        final int flagsPos = writer.getWritePosition();
+        writer.writeUInt16(0); // Flags, written later
+        writer.writeUInt16(0); // questions count, written later
+        writer.writeUInt16(0); // answers count, written later
+        writer.writeUInt16(0); // authority entries count, empty session for query
+        writer.writeUInt16(0); // additional records count, empty session for query
+
+        int writtenQuestions = 0;
+        int writtenAnswers = 0;
+        int lastValidPos = writer.getWritePosition();
+        try {
+            for (MdnsRecord record : packet.questions) {
+                // Questions do not have TTL or data
+                record.writeHeaderFields(writer);
+                writtenQuestions++;
+                lastValidPos = writer.getWritePosition();
+            }
+            for (MdnsRecord record : packet.answers) {
+                record.write(writer, 0L);
+                writtenAnswers++;
+                lastValidPos = writer.getWritePosition();
+            }
+            remainingPacket = null;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Went over the packet limit; truncate
+            if (writtenQuestions == 0 && writtenAnswers == 0) {
+                // No space to write even one record: just throw (as subclass of IOException)
+                throw e;
+            }
+
+            // Set the last valid position as the final position (not as a rewind)
+            writer.rewind(lastValidPos);
+            writer.clearRewind();
+
+            remainingPacket = new MdnsPacket(packet.flags,
+                    packet.questions.subList(
+                            writtenQuestions, packet.questions.size()),
+                    packet.answers.subList(
+                            writtenAnswers, packet.answers.size()),
+                    Collections.emptyList(), /* authorityRecords */
+                    Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
+        }
+
+        final int len = writer.getWritePosition();
+        writer.rewind(flagsPos);
+        writer.writeUInt16(packet.flags | (remainingPacket == null ? 0 : FLAG_TRUNCATED));
+        writer.writeUInt16(writtenQuestions);
+        writer.writeUInt16(writtenAnswers);
+        writer.unrewind();
+
+        return Pair.create(remainingPacket, len);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create Datagram packets from given MdnsPacket and InetSocketAddress.
+     *
+     * <p> If the MdnsPacket is too large for a single DatagramPacket, it will be split into
+     *     multiple DatagramPackets.
+     */
+    public static List<DatagramPacket> createQueryDatagramPackets(
+            @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull MdnsPacket packet,
+            @NonNull InetSocketAddress destination) throws IOException {
+        final List<DatagramPacket> datagramPackets = new ArrayList<>();
+        MdnsPacket remainingPacket = packet;
+        while (remainingPacket != null) {
+            final Pair<MdnsPacket, Integer> result =
+                    writePossibleMdnsPacket(packetCreationBuffer, remainingPacket);
+            remainingPacket = result.first;
+            final int len = result.second;
+            final byte[] outBuffer = Arrays.copyOfRange(packetCreationBuffer, 0, len);
+            datagramPackets.add(new DatagramPacket(outBuffer, 0, outBuffer.length, destination));
+        }
+        return datagramPackets;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Checks if the MdnsRecord needs to be renewed or not.
      *
      * <p>As per RFC6762 7.1 no need to query if remaining TTL is more than half the original one,
@@ -226,6 +338,20 @@
                 && mdnsRecord.getRemainingTTL(now) <= mdnsRecord.getTtl() / 2;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a new full subtype name with given service type and subtype labels.
+     *
+     * For example, given ["_http", "_tcp"] and "_printer", this method returns a new String array
+     * of ["_printer", "_sub", "_http", "_tcp"].
+     */
+    public static String[] constructFullSubtype(String[] serviceType, String subtype) {
+        String[] fullSubtype = new String[serviceType.length + 2];
+        fullSubtype[0] = subtype;
+        fullSubtype[1] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_LABEL;
+        System.arraycopy(serviceType, 0, fullSubtype, 2, serviceType.length);
+        return fullSubtype;
+    }
+
     /** A wrapper class of {@link SystemClock} to be mocked in unit tests. */
     public static class Clock {
         /**
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
index 0b54fdd..cadc04d 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
@@ -250,6 +250,17 @@
         return mTrackingInterfaces.containsKey(ifaceName);
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
+    @Nullable
+    protected String getHwAddress(@NonNull final String ifaceName) {
+        if (!hasInterface(ifaceName)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        NetworkInterfaceState iface = mTrackingInterfaces.get(ifaceName);
+        return iface.mHwAddress;
+    }
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     static class NetworkInterfaceState {
         final String name;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
index e7af569..b8689d6 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 
+import android.annotation.CheckResult;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -72,8 +73,9 @@
                 methodName + " is only available on automotive devices.");
     }
 
-    private boolean checkUseRestrictedNetworksPermission() {
-        return PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasUseRestrictedNetworksPermission() {
+        return PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
                 android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
     }
 
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@
     @Override
     public String[] getAvailableInterfaces() throws RemoteException {
         PermissionUtils.enforceAccessNetworkStatePermission(mContext, TAG);
-        return mTracker.getClientModeInterfaces(checkUseRestrictedNetworksPermission());
+        return mTracker.getClientModeInterfaces(hasUseRestrictedNetworksPermission());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@
     public void addListener(IEthernetServiceListener listener) throws RemoteException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(listener, "listener must not be null");
         PermissionUtils.enforceAccessNetworkStatePermission(mContext, TAG);
-        mTracker.addListener(listener, checkUseRestrictedNetworksPermission());
+        mTracker.addListener(listener, hasUseRestrictedNetworksPermission());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@
     @Override
     protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
         final IndentingPrintWriter pw = new IndentingPrintWriter(writer, "  ");
-        if (!PermissionUtils.checkDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, pw)) return;
+        if (!PermissionUtils.hasDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, pw)) return;
 
         pw.println("Current Ethernet state: ");
         pw.increaseIndent();
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
index 01b8de7..71f289e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@
     // returned when a tethered interface is requested; until then, it remains in client mode. Its
     // current mode is reflected in mTetheringInterfaceMode.
     private String mTetheringInterface;
+    // If the tethering interface is in server mode, it is not tracked by factory. The HW address
+    // must be maintained by the EthernetTracker. Its current mode is reflected in
+    // mTetheringInterfaceMode.
+    private String mTetheringInterfaceHwAddr;
     private int mTetheringInterfaceMode = INTERFACE_MODE_CLIENT;
     // Tracks whether clients were notified that the tethered interface is available
     private boolean mTetheredInterfaceWasAvailable = false;
@@ -241,11 +245,11 @@
         String ifaceMatchRegex = mDeps.getInterfaceRegexFromResource(mContext);
         // "*" is a magic string to indicate "pick the default".
         if (ifaceMatchRegex.equals("*")) {
-            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) {
-                // On U+, include both usb%d and eth%d interfaces.
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                // On V+, include both usb%d and eth%d interfaces.
                 ifaceMatchRegex = "(usb|eth)\\d+";
             } else {
-                // On T, include only eth%d interfaces.
+                // On T and U, include only eth%d interfaces.
                 ifaceMatchRegex = "eth\\d+";
             }
         }
@@ -382,10 +386,9 @@
         });
     }
 
-    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
-    protected void setInterfaceEnabled(@NonNull final String iface, boolean enabled,
-            @Nullable final EthernetCallback cb) {
-        mHandler.post(() -> updateInterfaceState(iface, enabled, cb));
+    /** Configure the administrative state of ethernet interface by toggling IFF_UP. */
+    public void setInterfaceEnabled(String iface, boolean enabled, EthernetCallback cb) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> setInterfaceAdministrativeState(iface, enabled, cb));
     }
 
     IpConfiguration getIpConfiguration(String iface) {
@@ -461,7 +464,7 @@
             if (!include) {
                 removeTestData();
             }
-            mHandler.post(() -> trackAvailableInterfaces());
+            trackAvailableInterfaces();
         });
     }
 
@@ -583,6 +586,7 @@
         removeInterface(iface);
         if (iface.equals(mTetheringInterface)) {
             mTetheringInterface = null;
+            mTetheringInterfaceHwAddr = null;
         }
         broadcastInterfaceStateChange(iface);
     }
@@ -611,13 +615,14 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        final String hwAddress = config.hwAddr;
+
         if (getInterfaceMode(iface) == INTERFACE_MODE_SERVER) {
             maybeUpdateServerModeInterfaceState(iface, true);
+            mTetheringInterfaceHwAddr = hwAddress;
             return;
         }
 
-        final String hwAddress = config.hwAddr;
-
         NetworkCapabilities nc = mNetworkCapabilities.get(iface);
         if (nc == null) {
             // Try to resolve using mac address
@@ -643,25 +648,40 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void updateInterfaceState(String iface, boolean up) {
-        updateInterfaceState(iface, up, new EthernetCallback(null /* cb */));
-    }
-
-    // TODO(b/225315248): enable/disableInterface() should not affect link state.
-    private void updateInterfaceState(String iface, boolean up, EthernetCallback cb) {
-        final int mode = getInterfaceMode(iface);
-        if (mode == INTERFACE_MODE_SERVER || !mFactory.hasInterface(iface)) {
-            // The interface is in server mode or is not tracked.
-            cb.onError("Failed to set link state " + (up ? "up" : "down") + " for " + iface);
+    private void setInterfaceAdministrativeState(String iface, boolean up, EthernetCallback cb) {
+        if (getInterfaceState(iface) == EthernetManager.STATE_ABSENT) {
+            cb.onError("Failed to enable/disable absent interface: " + iface);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (getInterfaceRole(iface) == EthernetManager.ROLE_SERVER) {
+            // TODO: support setEthernetState for server mode interfaces.
+            cb.onError("Failed to enable/disable interface in server mode: " + iface);
             return;
         }
 
+        if (up) {
+            // WARNING! setInterfaceUp() clears the IPv4 address and readds it. Calling
+            // enableInterface() on an active interface can lead to a provisioning failure which
+            // will cause IpClient to be restarted.
+            // TODO: use netlink directly rather than calling into netd.
+            NetdUtils.setInterfaceUp(mNetd, iface);
+        } else {
+            NetdUtils.setInterfaceDown(mNetd, iface);
+        }
+        cb.onResult(iface);
+    }
+
+    private void updateInterfaceState(String iface, boolean up) {
+        final int mode = getInterfaceMode(iface);
+        if (mode == INTERFACE_MODE_SERVER) {
+            // TODO: support tracking link state for interfaces in server mode.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If updateInterfaceLinkState returns false, the interface is already in the correct state.
         if (mFactory.updateInterfaceLinkState(iface, up)) {
             broadcastInterfaceStateChange(iface);
         }
-        // If updateInterfaceLinkState returns false, the interface is already in the correct state.
-        // Always return success.
-        cb.onResult(iface);
     }
 
     private void maybeUpdateServerModeInterfaceState(String iface, boolean available) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapHelper.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c95b8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
+
+/**
+ * Monitor interface added (without removed) and right interface name and its index to bpf map.
+ */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+public class BpfInterfaceMapHelper {
+    private static final String TAG = BpfInterfaceMapHelper.class.getSimpleName();
+    // This is current path but may be changed soon.
+    private static final String IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_iface_index_name_map";
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mIndexToIfaceBpfMap;
+
+    public BpfInterfaceMapHelper() {
+        this(new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public BpfInterfaceMapHelper(Dependencies deps) {
+        mIndexToIfaceBpfMap = deps.getInterfaceMap();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of BpfInerfaceMapUpdater, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /** Create BpfMap for updating interface and index mapping. */
+        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH,
+                    S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create interface map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** get interface name by interface index from bpf map */
+    public String getIfNameByIndex(final int index) {
+        try {
+            final InterfaceMapValue value = mIndexToIfaceBpfMap.getValue(new S32(index));
+            if (value == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "No if name entry for index " + index);
+                return null;
+            }
+            return value.getInterfaceNameString();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get entry for index " + index + ": " + e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump BPF map
+     *
+     * @param pw print writer
+     */
+    public void dump(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("BPF map status:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        BpfDump.dumpMapStatus(mIndexToIfaceBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
+                IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.println("BPF map content:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        BpfDump.dumpMap(mIndexToIfaceBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
+                (key, value) -> "ifaceIndex=" + key.val
+                        + " ifaceName=" + value.getInterfaceNameString());
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 27c0f9f..0000000
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package com.android.server.net;
-
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.INetd;
-import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
-import com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump;
-import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
-import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
-import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
-
-/**
- * Monitor interface added (without removed) and right interface name and its index to bpf map.
- */
-public class BpfInterfaceMapUpdater {
-    private static final String TAG = BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.class.getSimpleName();
-    // This is current path but may be changed soon.
-    private static final String IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH =
-            "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_iface_index_name_map";
-    private final IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mIndexToIfaceBpfMap;
-    private final INetd mNetd;
-    private final Handler mHandler;
-    private final Dependencies mDeps;
-
-    public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(Context ctx, Handler handler) {
-        this(ctx, handler, new Dependencies());
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(Context ctx, Handler handler, Dependencies deps) {
-        mDeps = deps;
-        mIndexToIfaceBpfMap = deps.getInterfaceMap();
-        mNetd = deps.getINetd(ctx);
-        mHandler = handler;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Dependencies of BpfInerfaceMapUpdater, for injection in tests.
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public static class Dependencies {
-        /** Create BpfMap for updating interface and index mapping. */
-        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
-            try {
-                return new BpfMap<>(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                    S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create interface map: " + e);
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /** Get InterfaceParams for giving interface name. */
-        public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifaceName) {
-            return InterfaceParams.getByName(ifaceName);
-        }
-
-        /** Get INetd binder object. */
-        public INetd getINetd(Context ctx) {
-            return INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) ctx.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Start listening interface update event.
-     * Query current interface names before listening.
-     */
-    public void start() {
-        mHandler.post(() -> {
-            if (mIndexToIfaceBpfMap == null) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to start: Null bpf map");
-                return;
-            }
-
-            try {
-                // TODO: use a NetlinkMonitor and listen for RTM_NEWLINK messages instead.
-                mNetd.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(new InterfaceChangeObserver());
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unable to register netd UnsolicitedEventListener, " + e);
-            }
-
-            final String[] ifaces;
-            try {
-                // TODO: use a netlink dump to get the current interface list.
-                ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
-            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unable to query interface names by netd, " + e);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            for (String ifaceName : ifaces) {
-                addInterface(ifaceName);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    private void addInterface(String ifaceName) {
-        final InterfaceParams iface = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(ifaceName);
-        if (iface == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to get InterfaceParams for " + ifaceName);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            mIndexToIfaceBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to update entry for " + ifaceName + ", " + e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private class InterfaceChangeObserver extends BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
-        @Override
-        public void onInterfaceAdded(String ifName) {
-            mHandler.post(() -> addInterface(ifName));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** get interface name by interface index from bpf map */
-    public String getIfNameByIndex(final int index) {
-        try {
-            final InterfaceMapValue value = mIndexToIfaceBpfMap.getValue(new S32(index));
-            if (value == null) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "No if name entry for index " + index);
-                return null;
-            }
-            return value.getInterfaceNameString();
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get entry for index " + index + ": " + e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Dump BPF map
-     *
-     * @param pw print writer
-     */
-    public void dump(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
-        pw.println("BPF map status:");
-        pw.increaseIndent();
-        BpfDump.dumpMapStatus(mIndexToIfaceBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
-                IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
-        pw.decreaseIndent();
-        pw.println("BPF map content:");
-        pw.increaseIndent();
-        BpfDump.dumpMap(mIndexToIfaceBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
-                (key, value) -> "ifaceIndex=" + key.val
-                        + " ifaceName=" + value.getInterfaceNameString());
-        pw.decreaseIndent();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
index 3da1585..8ee8591 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.YEAR_IN_MILLIS;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.NetworkIdentitySet;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.NetworkStats.NonMonotonicObserver;
@@ -32,17 +33,20 @@
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.DropBoxManager;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.service.NetworkStatsRecorderProto;
 import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.FileRotator;
+import com.android.metrics.NetworkStatsMetricsLogger;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@
     private final long mBucketDuration;
     private final boolean mOnlyTags;
     private final boolean mWipeOnError;
+    private final boolean mUseFastDataInput;
 
     private long mPersistThresholdBytes = 2 * MB_IN_BYTES;
     private NetworkStats mLastSnapshot;
@@ -89,6 +94,9 @@
     private final CombiningRewriter mPendingRewriter;
 
     private WeakReference<NetworkStatsCollection> mComplete;
+    private final NetworkStatsMetricsLogger mMetricsLogger = new NetworkStatsMetricsLogger();
+    @Nullable
+    private final File mStatsDir;
 
     /**
      * Non-persisted recorder, with only one bucket. Used by {@link NetworkStatsObservers}.
@@ -104,11 +112,13 @@
         mBucketDuration = YEAR_IN_MILLIS;
         mOnlyTags = false;
         mWipeOnError = true;
+        mUseFastDataInput = false;
 
         mPending = null;
         mSinceBoot = new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDuration);
 
         mPendingRewriter = null;
+        mStatsDir = null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -116,7 +126,7 @@
      */
     public NetworkStatsRecorder(FileRotator rotator, NonMonotonicObserver<String> observer,
             DropBoxManager dropBox, String cookie, long bucketDuration, boolean onlyTags,
-            boolean wipeOnError) {
+            boolean wipeOnError, boolean useFastDataInput, @Nullable File statsDir) {
         mRotator = Objects.requireNonNull(rotator, "missing FileRotator");
         mObserver = Objects.requireNonNull(observer, "missing NonMonotonicObserver");
         mDropBox = Objects.requireNonNull(dropBox, "missing DropBoxManager");
@@ -125,11 +135,13 @@
         mBucketDuration = bucketDuration;
         mOnlyTags = onlyTags;
         mWipeOnError = wipeOnError;
+        mUseFastDataInput = useFastDataInput;
 
         mPending = new NetworkStatsCollection(bucketDuration);
         mSinceBoot = new NetworkStatsCollection(bucketDuration);
 
         mPendingRewriter = new CombiningRewriter(mPending);
+        mStatsDir = statsDir;
     }
 
     public void setPersistThreshold(long thresholdBytes) {
@@ -179,8 +191,16 @@
         Objects.requireNonNull(mRotator, "missing FileRotator");
         NetworkStatsCollection res = mComplete != null ? mComplete.get() : null;
         if (res == null) {
+            final long readStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
             res = loadLocked(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
             mComplete = new WeakReference<NetworkStatsCollection>(res);
+            final long readEnd = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            // For legacy recorders which are used for data integrity check, which
+            // have wipeOnError flag unset, skip reporting metrics.
+            if (mWipeOnError) {
+                mMetricsLogger.logRecorderFileReading(mCookie, (int) (readEnd - readStart),
+                        mStatsDir, res, mUseFastDataInput);
+            }
         }
         return res;
     }
@@ -195,8 +215,12 @@
     }
 
     private NetworkStatsCollection loadLocked(long start, long end) {
-        if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "loadLocked() reading from disk for " + mCookie);
-        final NetworkStatsCollection res = new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDuration);
+        if (LOGD) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "loadLocked() reading from disk for " + mCookie
+                    + " useFastDataInput: " + mUseFastDataInput);
+        }
+        final NetworkStatsCollection res =
+                new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDuration, mUseFastDataInput);
         try {
             mRotator.readMatching(res, start, end);
             res.recordCollection(mPending);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 804e709..8305c1e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
@@ -50,12 +51,17 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.KB_IN_BYTES;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_XT;
 import static android.os.Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOENT;
 import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
@@ -64,6 +70,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
 
 import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.getDisplayTransport;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.POLL_REASON_PERIODIC;
@@ -95,7 +102,6 @@
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.database.ContentObserver;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
@@ -295,6 +301,17 @@
     static final String CONFIG_ENABLE_NETWORK_STATS_EVENT_LOGGER =
             "enable_network_stats_event_logger";
 
+    static final String NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_TARGET_ATTEMPTS =
+            "netstats_fastdatainput_target_attempts";
+    static final String NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME = "fastdatainput.successes";
+    static final String NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME = "fastdatainput.fallbacks";
+
+    static final String TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME =
+            "trafficstats_cache_expiry_duration_ms";
+    static final String TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME = "trafficstats_cache_max_entries";
+    static final int DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS = 1000;
+    static final int DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES = 400;
+
     private final Context mContext;
     private final NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
     private final AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
@@ -318,6 +335,8 @@
     private PersistentInt mImportLegacyAttemptsCounter = null;
     private PersistentInt mImportLegacySuccessesCounter = null;
     private PersistentInt mImportLegacyFallbacksCounter = null;
+    private PersistentInt mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter = null;
+    private PersistentInt mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter = null;
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final String ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL =
@@ -448,6 +467,13 @@
 
     private long mLastStatsSessionPoll;
 
+    private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsTotalCache;
+    private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsIfaceCache;
+    private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsUidCache;
+    static final String TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG =
+            "trafficstats_rate_limit_cache_enabled_flag";
+    private final boolean mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache;
+
     private final Object mOpenSessionCallsLock = new Object();
 
     /**
@@ -470,11 +496,13 @@
     private final LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
 
     @NonNull
-    private final BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mInterfaceMapUpdater;
+    private final BpfInterfaceMapHelper mInterfaceMapHelper;
 
     @Nullable
     private final SkDestroyListener mSkDestroyListener;
 
+    private static final int MAX_SOCKET_DESTROY_LISTENER_LOGS = 20;
+
     private static @NonNull Clock getDefaultClock() {
         return new BestClock(ZoneOffset.UTC, SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock(),
                 Clock.systemUTC());
@@ -486,9 +514,10 @@
      */
     private static class OpenSessionKey {
         public final int uid;
+        @Nullable
         public final String packageName;
 
-        OpenSessionKey(int uid, @NonNull String packageName) {
+        OpenSessionKey(int uid, @Nullable String packageName) {
             this.uid = uid;
             this.packageName = packageName;
         }
@@ -619,8 +648,7 @@
         mContentObserver = mDeps.makeContentObserver(mHandler, mSettings,
                 mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor);
         mLocationPermissionChecker = mDeps.makeLocationPermissionChecker(mContext);
-        mInterfaceMapUpdater = mDeps.makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(mContext, mHandler);
-        mInterfaceMapUpdater.start();
+        mInterfaceMapHelper = mDeps.makeBpfInterfaceMapHelper();
         mUidCounterSetMap = mDeps.getUidCounterSetMap();
         mCookieTagMap = mDeps.getCookieTagMap();
         mStatsMapA = mDeps.getStatsMapA();
@@ -635,6 +663,16 @@
             mEventLogger = null;
         }
 
+        final long cacheExpiryDurationMs = mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration();
+        final int cacheMaxEntries = mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries();
+        mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache = mDeps.supportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mContext);
+        mTrafficStatsTotalCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                cacheExpiryDurationMs, cacheMaxEntries);
+        mTrafficStatsIfaceCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                cacheExpiryDurationMs, cacheMaxEntries);
+        mTrafficStatsUidCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                cacheExpiryDurationMs, cacheMaxEntries);
+
         // TODO: Remove bpfNetMaps creation and always start SkDestroyListener
         // Following code is for the experiment to verify the SkDestroyListener refactoring. Based
         // on the experiment flag, BpfNetMaps starts C SkDestroyListener (existing code) or
@@ -688,13 +726,31 @@
          * Get the count of import legacy target attempts.
          */
         public int getImportLegacyTargetAttempts() {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
                     DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                     NETSTATS_IMPORT_LEGACY_TARGET_ATTEMPTS,
                     DEFAULT_NETSTATS_IMPORT_LEGACY_TARGET_ATTEMPTS);
         }
 
         /**
+         * Get the count of using FastDataInput target attempts.
+         */
+        public int getUseFastDataInputTargetAttempts() {
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+                    DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
+                    NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_TARGET_ATTEMPTS, 0);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Compare two {@link NetworkStatsCollection} instances and returning a human-readable
+         * string description of difference for debugging purpose.
+         */
+        public String compareStats(@NonNull NetworkStatsCollection a,
+                                   @NonNull NetworkStatsCollection b, boolean allowKeyChange) {
+            return NetworkStatsCollection.compareStats(a, b, allowKeyChange);
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Create a persistent counter for given directory and name.
          */
         public PersistentInt createPersistentCounter(@NonNull Path dir, @NonNull String name)
@@ -771,18 +827,16 @@
             return new LocationPermissionChecker(context);
         }
 
-        /** Create BpfInterfaceMapUpdater to update bpf interface map. */
+        /** Create BpfInterfaceMapHelper to update bpf interface map. */
         @NonNull
-        public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(
-                @NonNull Context ctx, @NonNull Handler handler) {
-            return new BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(ctx, handler);
+        public BpfInterfaceMapHelper makeBpfInterfaceMapHelper() {
+            return new BpfInterfaceMapHelper();
         }
 
         /** Get counter sets map for each UID. */
         public IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<S32, U8>(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                        S32.class, U8.class);
+                return new BpfMap<>(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH, S32.class, U8.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open uid counter set map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -792,8 +846,8 @@
         /** Gets the cookie tag map */
         public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue>(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH,
-                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
+                return new BpfMap<>(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH,
+                        CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open cookie tag map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -803,8 +857,7 @@
         /** Gets stats map A */
         public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapA() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue>(STATS_MAP_A_PATH,
-                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, StatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+                return new BpfMap<>(STATS_MAP_A_PATH, StatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open stats map A: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -814,8 +867,7 @@
         /** Gets stats map B */
         public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapB() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue>(STATS_MAP_B_PATH,
-                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, StatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+                return new BpfMap<>(STATS_MAP_B_PATH, StatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open stats map B: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -825,8 +877,8 @@
         /** Gets the uid stats map */
         public IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getAppUidStatsMap() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue>(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH,
-                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, UidStatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+                return new BpfMap<>(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH,
+                        UidStatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open app uid stats map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -836,8 +888,7 @@
         /** Gets interface stats map */
         public IBpfMap<S32, StatsMapValue> getIfaceStatsMap() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<S32, StatsMapValue>(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH,
-                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+                return new BpfMap<>(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH, S32.class, StatsMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to open interface stats map", e);
             }
@@ -856,7 +907,8 @@
         /** Create a new SkDestroyListener. */
         public SkDestroyListener makeSkDestroyListener(
                 IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> cookieTagMap, Handler handler) {
-            return new SkDestroyListener(cookieTagMap, handler, new SharedLog(TAG));
+            return new SkDestroyListener(
+                    cookieTagMap, handler, new SharedLog(MAX_SOCKET_DESTROY_LISTENER_LOGS, TAG));
         }
 
         /**
@@ -866,6 +918,75 @@
             return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                     ctx, CONFIG_ENABLE_NETWORK_STATS_EVENT_LOGGER);
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Get whether TrafficStats rate-limit cache is supported.
+         *
+         * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
+         * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
+         */
+        public boolean supportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(@NonNull Context ctx) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get TrafficStats rate-limit cache expiry.
+         *
+         * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
+         * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
+         */
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration() {
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING, TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME,
+                    DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get TrafficStats rate-limit cache max entries.
+         *
+         * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
+         * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
+         */
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries() {
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING, TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME,
+                    DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Retrieves native network total statistics.
+         *
+         * @return A NetworkStats.Entry containing the native statistics, or
+         *         null if an error occurs.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetTotalStat() {
+            return NetworkStatsService.nativeGetTotalStat();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Retrieves native network interface statistics for the specified interface.
+         *
+         * @param iface The name of the network interface to query.
+         * @return A NetworkStats.Entry containing the native statistics for the interface, or
+         *         null if an error occurs.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface) {
+            return NetworkStatsService.nativeGetIfaceStat(iface);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Retrieves native network uid statistics for the specified uid.
+         *
+         * @param uid The uid of the application to query.
+         * @return A NetworkStats.Entry containing the native statistics for the uid, or
+         *         null if an error occurs.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetUidStat(int uid) {
+            return NetworkStatsService.nativeGetUidStat(uid);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -892,13 +1013,7 @@
         synchronized (mStatsLock) {
             mSystemReady = true;
 
-            // create data recorders along with historical rotators
-            mXtRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_XT, mSettings.getXtConfig(), false, mStatsDir,
-                    true /* wipeOnError */);
-            mUidRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID, mSettings.getUidConfig(), false, mStatsDir,
-                    true /* wipeOnError */);
-            mUidTagRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID_TAG, mSettings.getUidTagConfig(), true,
-                    mStatsDir, true /* wipeOnError */);
+            makeRecordersLocked();
 
             updatePersistThresholdsLocked();
 
@@ -963,13 +1078,106 @@
 
     private NetworkStatsRecorder buildRecorder(
             String prefix, NetworkStatsSettings.Config config, boolean includeTags,
-            File baseDir, boolean wipeOnError) {
+            File baseDir, boolean wipeOnError, boolean useFastDataInput) {
         final DropBoxManager dropBox = (DropBoxManager) mContext.getSystemService(
                 Context.DROPBOX_SERVICE);
         return new NetworkStatsRecorder(new FileRotator(
                 baseDir, prefix, config.rotateAgeMillis, config.deleteAgeMillis),
                 mNonMonotonicObserver, dropBox, prefix, config.bucketDuration, includeTags,
-                wipeOnError);
+                wipeOnError, useFastDataInput, baseDir);
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void makeRecordersLocked() {
+        boolean useFastDataInput = true;
+        try {
+            mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter = mDeps.createPersistentCounter(mStatsDir.toPath(),
+                    NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME);
+            mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter = mDeps.createPersistentCounter(mStatsDir.toPath(),
+                    NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to create persistent counters, skip.", e);
+            useFastDataInput = false;
+        }
+
+        final int targetAttempts = mDeps.getUseFastDataInputTargetAttempts();
+        int successes = 0;
+        int fallbacks = 0;
+        try {
+            successes = mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter.get();
+            // Fallbacks counter would be set to non-zero value to indicate the reading was
+            // not successful.
+            fallbacks = mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter.get();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to read counters, skip.", e);
+            useFastDataInput = false;
+        }
+
+        final boolean doComparison;
+        if (useFastDataInput) {
+            // Use FastDataInput if it needs to be evaluated or at least one success.
+            doComparison = targetAttempts > successes + fallbacks;
+            // Set target attempt to -1 as the kill switch to disable the feature.
+            useFastDataInput = targetAttempts >= 0 && (doComparison || successes > 0);
+        } else {
+            // useFastDataInput is false due to previous failures.
+            doComparison = false;
+        }
+
+        // create data recorders along with historical rotators.
+        // Don't wipe on error if comparison is needed.
+        mXtRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_XT, mSettings.getXtConfig(), false, mStatsDir,
+                !doComparison /* wipeOnError */, useFastDataInput);
+        mUidRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID, mSettings.getUidConfig(), false, mStatsDir,
+                !doComparison /* wipeOnError */, useFastDataInput);
+        mUidTagRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID_TAG, mSettings.getUidTagConfig(), true,
+                mStatsDir, !doComparison /* wipeOnError */, useFastDataInput);
+
+        if (!doComparison) return;
+
+        final MigrationInfo[] migrations = new MigrationInfo[]{
+                new MigrationInfo(mXtRecorder),
+                new MigrationInfo(mUidRecorder),
+                new MigrationInfo(mUidTagRecorder)
+        };
+        // Set wipeOnError flag false so the recorder won't damage persistent data if reads
+        // failed and calling deleteAll.
+        final NetworkStatsRecorder[] legacyRecorders = new NetworkStatsRecorder[]{
+                buildRecorder(PREFIX_XT, mSettings.getXtConfig(), false, mStatsDir,
+                        false /* wipeOnError */, false /* useFastDataInput */),
+                buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID, mSettings.getUidConfig(), false, mStatsDir,
+                        false /* wipeOnError */, false /* useFastDataInput */),
+                buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID_TAG, mSettings.getUidTagConfig(), true, mStatsDir,
+                        false /* wipeOnError */, false /* useFastDataInput */)};
+        boolean success = true;
+        for (int i = 0; i < migrations.length; i++) {
+            try {
+                migrations[i].collection = migrations[i].recorder.getOrLoadCompleteLocked();
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to load collection, skip.", t);
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!compareImportedToLegacyStats(migrations[i], legacyRecorders[i],
+                    false /* allowKeyChange */)) {
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            if (success) {
+                mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter.set(successes + 1);
+            } else {
+                // Fallback.
+                mXtRecorder = legacyRecorders[0];
+                mUidRecorder = legacyRecorders[1];
+                mUidTagRecorder = legacyRecorders[2];
+                mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter.set(fallbacks + 1);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to update counters. success = " + success, e);
+        }
     }
 
     @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
@@ -1068,7 +1276,7 @@
                 new NetworkStatsSettings.Config(HOUR_IN_MILLIS,
                 15 * DAY_IN_MILLIS, 90 * DAY_IN_MILLIS);
         final NetworkStatsRecorder devRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_DEV, devConfig,
-                false, mStatsDir, true /* wipeOnError */);
+                false, mStatsDir, true /* wipeOnError */, false /* useFastDataInput */);
         final MigrationInfo[] migrations = new MigrationInfo[]{
                 new MigrationInfo(devRecorder), new MigrationInfo(mXtRecorder),
                 new MigrationInfo(mUidRecorder), new MigrationInfo(mUidTagRecorder)
@@ -1085,11 +1293,11 @@
             legacyRecorders = new NetworkStatsRecorder[]{
                 null /* dev Recorder */,
                 buildRecorder(PREFIX_XT, mSettings.getXtConfig(), false, legacyBaseDir,
-                        false /* wipeOnError */),
+                        false /* wipeOnError */, false /* useFastDataInput */),
                 buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID, mSettings.getUidConfig(), false, legacyBaseDir,
-                        false /* wipeOnError */),
+                        false /* wipeOnError */, false /* useFastDataInput */),
                 buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID_TAG, mSettings.getUidTagConfig(), true, legacyBaseDir,
-                        false /* wipeOnError */)};
+                        false /* wipeOnError */, false /* useFastDataInput */)};
         } else {
             legacyRecorders = null;
         }
@@ -1120,7 +1328,8 @@
 
                 if (runComparison) {
                     final boolean success =
-                            compareImportedToLegacyStats(migration, legacyRecorders[i]);
+                            compareImportedToLegacyStats(migration, legacyRecorders[i],
+                                    true /* allowKeyChange */);
                     if (!success && !dryRunImportOnly) {
                         tryIncrementLegacyFallbacksCounter();
                     }
@@ -1243,7 +1452,7 @@
      * does not match or throw with exceptions.
      */
     private boolean compareImportedToLegacyStats(@NonNull MigrationInfo migration,
-            @Nullable NetworkStatsRecorder legacyRecorder) {
+            @Nullable NetworkStatsRecorder legacyRecorder, boolean allowKeyChange) {
         final NetworkStatsCollection legacyStats;
         // Skip the recorder that doesn't need to be compared.
         if (legacyRecorder == null) return true;
@@ -1258,7 +1467,8 @@
 
         // The result of comparison is only for logging.
         try {
-            final String error = compareStats(migration.collection, legacyStats);
+            final String error = mDeps.compareStats(migration.collection, legacyStats,
+                    allowKeyChange);
             if (error != null) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Unexpected comparison result for recorder "
                         + legacyRecorder.getCookie() + ": " + error);
@@ -1272,93 +1482,6 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    private static String str(NetworkStatsCollection.Key key) {
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder()
-                .append(key.ident.toString())
-                .append(" uid=").append(key.uid);
-        if (key.set != SET_FOREGROUND) {
-            sb.append(" set=").append(key.set);
-        }
-        if (key.tag != 0) {
-            sb.append(" tag=").append(key.tag);
-        }
-        return sb.toString();
-    }
-
-    // The importer will modify some keys when importing them.
-    // In order to keep the comparison code simple, add such special cases here and simply
-    // ignore them. This should not impact fidelity much because the start/end checks and the total
-    // bytes check still need to pass.
-    private static boolean couldKeyChangeOnImport(NetworkStatsCollection.Key key) {
-        if (key.ident.isEmpty()) return false;
-        final NetworkIdentity firstIdent = key.ident.iterator().next();
-
-        // Non-mobile network with non-empty RAT type.
-        // This combination is invalid and the NetworkIdentity.Builder will throw if it is passed
-        // in, but it looks like it was previously possible to persist it to disk. The importer sets
-        // the RAT type to NETWORK_TYPE_ALL.
-        if (firstIdent.getType() != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
-                && firstIdent.getRatType() != NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    private static String compareStats(
-            NetworkStatsCollection migrated, NetworkStatsCollection legacy) {
-        final Map<NetworkStatsCollection.Key, NetworkStatsHistory> migEntries =
-                migrated.getEntries();
-        final Map<NetworkStatsCollection.Key, NetworkStatsHistory> legEntries = legacy.getEntries();
-
-        final ArraySet<NetworkStatsCollection.Key> unmatchedLegKeys =
-                new ArraySet<>(legEntries.keySet());
-
-        for (NetworkStatsCollection.Key legKey : legEntries.keySet()) {
-            final NetworkStatsHistory legHistory = legEntries.get(legKey);
-            final NetworkStatsHistory migHistory = migEntries.get(legKey);
-
-            if (migHistory == null && couldKeyChangeOnImport(legKey)) {
-                unmatchedLegKeys.remove(legKey);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (migHistory == null) {
-                return "Missing migrated history for legacy key " + str(legKey)
-                        + ", legacy history was " + legHistory;
-            }
-            if (!migHistory.isSameAs(legHistory)) {
-                return "Difference in history for key " + legKey + "; legacy history " + legHistory
-                        + ", migrated history " + migHistory;
-            }
-            unmatchedLegKeys.remove(legKey);
-        }
-
-        if (!unmatchedLegKeys.isEmpty()) {
-            final NetworkStatsHistory first = legEntries.get(unmatchedLegKeys.valueAt(0));
-            return "Found unmatched legacy keys: count=" + unmatchedLegKeys.size()
-                    + ", first unmatched collection " + first;
-        }
-
-        if (migrated.getStartMillis() != legacy.getStartMillis()
-                || migrated.getEndMillis() != legacy.getEndMillis()) {
-            return "Start / end of the collections "
-                    + migrated.getStartMillis() + "/" + legacy.getStartMillis() + " and "
-                    + migrated.getEndMillis() + "/" + legacy.getEndMillis()
-                    + " don't match";
-        }
-
-        if (migrated.getTotalBytes() != legacy.getTotalBytes()) {
-            return "Total bytes " + migrated.getTotalBytes() + " and " + legacy.getTotalBytes()
-                    + " don't match for collections with start/end "
-                    + migrated.getStartMillis()
-                    + "/" + legacy.getStartMillis();
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
     @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
     @NonNull
     private NetworkStatsCollection readPlatformCollectionForRecorder(
@@ -1435,9 +1558,9 @@
         return now - lastCallTime < POLL_RATE_LIMIT_MS;
     }
 
-    private int restrictFlagsForCaller(int flags, @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+    private int restrictFlagsForCaller(int flags, @Nullable String callingPackage) {
         // All non-privileged callers are not allowed to turn off POLL_ON_OPEN.
-        final boolean isPrivileged = PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
+        final boolean isPrivileged = PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK);
         if (!isPrivileged) {
@@ -1452,7 +1575,8 @@
         return flags;
     }
 
-    private INetworkStatsSession openSessionInternal(final int flags, final String callingPackage) {
+    private INetworkStatsSession openSessionInternal(
+            final int flags, @Nullable final String callingPackage) {
         final int restrictedFlags = restrictFlagsForCaller(flags, callingPackage);
         if ((restrictedFlags & (NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN
                 | NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_FORCE)) != 0) {
@@ -1469,6 +1593,7 @@
 
         return new INetworkStatsSession.Stub() {
             private final int mCallingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+            @Nullable
             private final String mCallingPackage = callingPackage;
             private final @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int mAccessLevel = checkAccessLevel(
                     callingPackage);
@@ -1607,7 +1732,7 @@
     }
 
     private void enforceTemplatePermissions(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template,
-            @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+            @Nullable String callingPackage) {
         // For a template with wifi network keys, it is possible for a malicious
         // client to track the user locations via querying data usage. Thus, enforce
         // fine location permission check.
@@ -1628,7 +1753,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(String callingPackage) {
+    private @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(@Nullable String callingPackage) {
         return NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(
                 mContext, Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackage);
     }
@@ -1753,6 +1878,8 @@
             if (transport == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
                 ifaceSet = mAllWifiIfacesSinceBoot;
             } else if (transport == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) {
+                // Since satellite networks appear under type mobile, this includes both cellular
+                // and satellite active interfaces
                 ifaceSet = mAllMobileIfacesSinceBoot;
             } else {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid transport " + transport);
@@ -1955,36 +2082,109 @@
         if (callingUid != android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID && callingUid != uid) {
             return UNSUPPORTED;
         }
-        return nativeGetUidStat(uid, type);
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
+
+        if (!mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache) {
+            return getEntryValueForType(mDeps.nativeGetUidStat(uid), type);
+        }
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mTrafficStatsUidCache.getOrCompute(IFACE_ALL, uid,
+                () -> mDeps.nativeGetUidStat(uid));
+
+        return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkStats.Entry getIfaceStatsInternal(@NonNull String iface) {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mDeps.nativeGetIfaceStat(iface);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        // When tethering offload is in use, nativeIfaceStats does not contain usage from
+        // offload, add it back here. Note that the included statistics might be stale
+        // since polling newest stats from hardware might impact system health and not
+        // suitable for TrafficStats API use cases.
+        entry.add(getProviderIfaceStats(iface));
+        return entry;
     }
 
     @Override
     public long getIfaceStats(@NonNull String iface, int type) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
-        long nativeIfaceStats = nativeGetIfaceStat(iface, type);
-        if (nativeIfaceStats == -1) {
-            return nativeIfaceStats;
-        } else {
-            // When tethering offload is in use, nativeIfaceStats does not contain usage from
-            // offload, add it back here. Note that the included statistics might be stale
-            // since polling newest stats from hardware might impact system health and not
-            // suitable for TrafficStats API use cases.
-            return nativeIfaceStats + getProviderIfaceStats(iface, type);
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
+
+        if (!mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache) {
+            return getEntryValueForType(getIfaceStatsInternal(iface), type);
         }
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mTrafficStatsIfaceCache.getOrCompute(iface, UID_ALL,
+                () -> getIfaceStatsInternal(iface));
+
+        return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
+    }
+
+    private long getEntryValueForType(@Nullable NetworkStats.Entry entry, int type) {
+        if (entry == null) return UNSUPPORTED;
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
+        switch (type) {
+            case TYPE_RX_BYTES:
+                return entry.rxBytes;
+            case TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
+                return entry.rxPackets;
+            case TYPE_TX_BYTES:
+                return entry.txBytes;
+            case TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
+                return entry.txPackets;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Bug: Invalid type: "
+                        + type + " should not reach here.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isEntryValueTypeValid(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case TYPE_RX_BYTES:
+            case TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
+            case TYPE_TX_BYTES:
+            case TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
+                return true;
+            default :
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkStats.Entry getTotalStatsInternal() {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mDeps.nativeGetTotalStat();
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        entry.add(getProviderIfaceStats(IFACE_ALL));
+        return entry;
     }
 
     @Override
     public long getTotalStats(int type) {
-        long nativeTotalStats = nativeGetTotalStat(type);
-        if (nativeTotalStats == -1) {
-            return nativeTotalStats;
-        } else {
-            // Refer to comment in getIfaceStats
-            return nativeTotalStats + getProviderIfaceStats(IFACE_ALL, type);
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
+        if (!mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache) {
+            return getEntryValueForType(getTotalStatsInternal(), type);
         }
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mTrafficStatsTotalCache.getOrCompute(IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL,
+                () -> getTotalStatsInternal());
+
+        return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
     }
 
-    private long getProviderIfaceStats(@Nullable String iface, int type) {
+    @Override
+    public void clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches() {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr(mContext, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        mTrafficStatsUidCache.clear();
+        mTrafficStatsIfaceCache.clear();
+        mTrafficStatsTotalCache.clear();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats.Entry getProviderIfaceStats(@Nullable String iface) {
         final NetworkStats providerSnapshot = getNetworkStatsFromProviders(STATS_PER_IFACE);
         final HashSet<String> limitIfaces;
         if (iface == IFACE_ALL) {
@@ -1993,19 +2193,7 @@
             limitIfaces = new HashSet<>();
             limitIfaces.add(iface);
         }
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = providerSnapshot.getTotal(null, limitIfaces);
-        switch (type) {
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES:
-                return entry.rxBytes;
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
-                return entry.rxPackets;
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES:
-                return entry.txBytes;
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
-                return entry.txPackets;
-            default:
-                return 0;
-        }
+        return providerSnapshot.getTotal(null, limitIfaces);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2154,7 +2342,9 @@
         for (NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot : snapshots) {
             final int displayTransport =
                     getDisplayTransport(snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().getTransportTypes());
-            final boolean isMobile = (NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR == displayTransport);
+            // Consider satellite transport to support satellite stats appear as type_mobile
+            final boolean isMobile = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR == displayTransport
+                    || NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE == displayTransport;
             final boolean isWifi = (NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI == displayTransport);
             final boolean isDefault = CollectionUtils.contains(
                     mDefaultNetworks, snapshot.getNetwork());
@@ -2175,6 +2365,7 @@
             // both total usage and UID details.
             final String baseIface = snapshot.getLinkProperties().getInterfaceName();
             if (baseIface != null) {
+                nativeRegisterIface(baseIface);
                 findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveIfaces, baseIface).add(ident);
                 findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveUidIfaces, baseIface).add(ident);
 
@@ -2196,7 +2387,7 @@
                             .setDefaultNetwork(true)
                             .setOemManaged(ident.getOemManaged())
                             .setSubId(ident.getSubId()).build();
-                    final String ifaceVt = IFACE_VT + getSubIdForMobile(snapshot);
+                    final String ifaceVt = IFACE_VT + getSubIdForCellularOrSatellite(snapshot);
                     findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveIfaces, ifaceVt).add(vtIdent);
                     findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveUidIfaces, ifaceVt).add(vtIdent);
                 }
@@ -2246,6 +2437,7 @@
                 // baseIface has been handled, so ignore it.
                 if (TextUtils.equals(baseIface, iface)) continue;
                 if (iface != null) {
+                    nativeRegisterIface(iface);
                     findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveIfaces, iface).add(ident);
                     findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveUidIfaces, iface).add(ident);
                     if (isMobile) {
@@ -2264,9 +2456,15 @@
         mMobileIfaces = mobileIfaces.toArray(new String[0]);
     }
 
-    private static int getSubIdForMobile(@NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot state) {
-        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Mobile state need capability TRANSPORT_CELLULAR");
+    private static int getSubIdForCellularOrSatellite(@NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot state) {
+        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                // Both cellular and satellite are 2 different network transport at Mobile using
+                // same telephony network specifier. So adding satellite transport to consider
+                // for, when satellite network is active at mobile.
+                && !state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Mobile state need capability TRANSPORT_CELLULAR or TRANSPORT_SATELLITE");
         }
 
         final NetworkSpecifier spec = state.getNetworkCapabilities().getNetworkSpecifier();
@@ -2279,12 +2477,14 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * For networks with {@code TRANSPORT_CELLULAR}, get ratType that was obtained through
-     * {@link PhoneStateListener}. Otherwise, return 0 given that other networks with different
-     * transport types do not actually fill this value.
+     * For networks with {@code TRANSPORT_CELLULAR} Or {@code TRANSPORT_SATELLITE}, get ratType
+     * that was obtained through {@link PhoneStateListener}. Otherwise, return 0 given that other
+     * networks with different transport types do not actually fill this value.
      */
     private int getRatTypeForStateSnapshot(@NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot state) {
-        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                && !state.getNetworkCapabilities()
+                .hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)) {
             return 0;
         }
 
@@ -2631,7 +2831,7 @@
 
     @Override
     protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter rawWriter, String[] args) {
-        if (!PermissionUtils.checkDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, rawWriter)) return;
+        if (!PermissionUtils.hasDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, rawWriter)) return;
 
         long duration = DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
         final HashSet<String> argSet = new HashSet<String>();
@@ -2726,6 +2926,25 @@
                 }
             }
             pw.println(CONFIG_ENABLE_NETWORK_STATS_EVENT_LOGGER + ": " + mSupportEventLogger);
+            pw.print(NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_TARGET_ATTEMPTS,
+                    mDeps.getUseFastDataInputTargetAttempts());
+            pw.println();
+            try {
+                pw.print("FastDataInput successes", mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter.get());
+                pw.println();
+                pw.print("FastDataInput fallbacks", mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter.get());
+                pw.println();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                pw.println("(failed to dump FastDataInput counters)");
+            }
+            pw.print("trafficstats.cache.supported", mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache);
+            pw.println();
+            pw.print(TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME,
+                    mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration());
+            pw.println();
+            pw.print(TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME,
+                    mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries());
+            pw.println();
 
             pw.decreaseIndent();
 
@@ -2840,9 +3059,9 @@
             }
 
             pw.println();
-            pw.println("InterfaceMapUpdater:");
+            pw.println("InterfaceMapHelper:");
             pw.increaseIndent();
-            mInterfaceMapUpdater.dump(pw);
+            mInterfaceMapHelper.dump(pw);
             pw.decreaseIndent();
 
             pw.println();
@@ -2864,6 +3083,12 @@
             dumpStatsMapLocked(mStatsMapB, pw, "mStatsMapB");
             dumpIfaceStatsMapLocked(pw);
             pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("SkDestroyListener logs:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mSkDestroyListener.dump(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
         }
     }
 
@@ -2983,7 +3208,7 @@
         BpfDump.dumpMap(statsMap, pw, mapName,
                 "ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets",
                 (key, value) -> {
-                    final String ifName = mInterfaceMapUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(key.ifaceIndex);
+                    final String ifName = mInterfaceMapHelper.getIfNameByIndex(key.ifaceIndex);
                     return key.ifaceIndex + " "
                             + (ifName != null ? ifName : "unknown") + " "
                             + "0x" + Long.toHexString(key.tag) + " "
@@ -3001,7 +3226,7 @@
         BpfDump.dumpMap(mIfaceStatsMap, pw, "mIfaceStatsMap",
                 "ifaceIndex ifaceName rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets",
                 (key, value) -> {
-                    final String ifName = mInterfaceMapUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(key.val);
+                    final String ifName = mInterfaceMapHelper.getIfNameByIndex(key.val);
                     return key.val + " "
                             + (ifName != null ? ifName : "unknown") + " "
                             + value.rxBytes + " "
@@ -3361,10 +3586,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static native long nativeGetTotalStat(int type);
-    private static native long nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface, int type);
-    private static native long nativeGetIfIndexStat(int ifindex, int type);
-    private static native long nativeGetUidStat(int uid, int type);
+    // TODO: Read stats by using BpfNetMapsReader.
+    private static native void nativeRegisterIface(String iface);
+    @Nullable
+    private static native NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetTotalStat();
+    @Nullable
+    private static native NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface);
+    @Nullable
+    private static native NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetUidStat(int uid);
 
     /** Initializes and registers the Perfetto Network Trace data source */
     public static native void nativeInitNetworkTracing();
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java
index 7b68f89..a6cc2b5 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructInetDiagSockId;
 
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
 /**
  * Monitor socket destroy and delete entry from cookie tag bpf map.
  */
@@ -72,4 +74,11 @@
             mLog.e("Failed to delete CookieTagMap entry for " + sockId.cookie  + ": " + e);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump the contents of SkDestroyListener log.
+     */
+    public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+        mLog.reverseDump(pw);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca97d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.util.LruCache;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * A thread-safe cache for storing and retrieving {@link NetworkStats.Entry} objects,
+ * with an adjustable expiry duration to manage data freshness.
+ */
+class TrafficStatsRateLimitCache {
+    private final Clock mClock;
+    private final long mExpiryDurationMs;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@link TrafficStatsRateLimitCache} with the specified expiry duration.
+     *
+     * @param clock The {@link Clock} to use for determining timestamps.
+     * @param expiryDurationMs The expiry duration in milliseconds.
+     * @param maxSize Maximum number of entries.
+     */
+    TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(@NonNull Clock clock, long expiryDurationMs, int maxSize) {
+        mClock = clock;
+        mExpiryDurationMs = expiryDurationMs;
+        mMap = new LruCache<>(maxSize);
+    }
+
+    private static class TrafficStatsCacheKey {
+        @Nullable
+        public final String iface;
+        public final int uid;
+
+        TrafficStatsCacheKey(@Nullable String iface, int uid) {
+            this.iface = iface;
+            this.uid = uid;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (!(o instanceof TrafficStatsCacheKey)) return false;
+            TrafficStatsCacheKey that = (TrafficStatsCacheKey) o;
+            return uid == that.uid && Objects.equals(iface, that.iface);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(iface, uid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TrafficStatsCacheValue {
+        public final long timestamp;
+        @NonNull
+        public final NetworkStats.Entry entry;
+
+        TrafficStatsCacheValue(long timestamp, NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
+            this.timestamp = timestamp;
+            this.entry = entry;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mMap")
+    private final LruCache<TrafficStatsCacheKey, TrafficStatsCacheValue> mMap;
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a {@link NetworkStats.Entry} from the cache, associated with the given key.
+     *
+     * @param iface The interface name to include in the cache key. Null if not applicable.
+     * @param uid The UID to include in the cache key. {@code UID_ALL} if not applicable.
+     * @return The cached {@link NetworkStats.Entry}, or null if not found or expired.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    NetworkStats.Entry get(String iface, int uid) {
+        final TrafficStatsCacheKey key = new TrafficStatsCacheKey(iface, uid);
+        synchronized (mMap) { // Synchronize for thread-safety
+            final TrafficStatsCacheValue value = mMap.get(key);
+            if (value != null && !isExpired(value.timestamp)) {
+                return value.entry;
+            } else {
+                mMap.remove(key); // Remove expired entries
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a {@link NetworkStats.Entry} from the cache, associated with the given key.
+     * If the entry is not found in the cache or has expired, computes it using the provided
+     * {@code supplier} and stores the result in the cache.
+     *
+     * @param iface The interface name to include in the cache key. {@code IFACE_ALL}
+     *              if not applicable.
+     * @param uid The UID to include in the cache key. {@code UID_ALL} if not applicable.
+     * @param supplier The {@link Supplier} to compute the {@link NetworkStats.Entry} if not found.
+     * @return The cached or computed {@link NetworkStats.Entry}, or null if not found, expired,
+     *         or if the {@code supplier} returns null.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    NetworkStats.Entry getOrCompute(String iface, int uid,
+            @NonNull Supplier<NetworkStats.Entry> supplier) {
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            final NetworkStats.Entry cachedValue = get(iface, uid);
+            if (cachedValue != null) {
+                return cachedValue;
+            }
+
+            // Entry not found or expired, compute it
+            final NetworkStats.Entry computedEntry = supplier.get();
+            if (computedEntry != null && !computedEntry.isEmpty()) {
+                put(iface, uid, computedEntry);
+            }
+            return computedEntry;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a {@link NetworkStats.Entry} in the cache, associated with the given key.
+     *
+     * @param iface The interface name to include in the cache key. Null if not applicable.
+     * @param uid   The UID to include in the cache key. {@code UID_ALL} if not applicable.
+     * @param entry The {@link NetworkStats.Entry} to store in the cache.
+     */
+    void put(String iface, int uid, @NonNull final NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(entry);
+        final TrafficStatsCacheKey key = new TrafficStatsCacheKey(iface, uid);
+        synchronized (mMap) { // Synchronize for thread-safety
+            mMap.put(key, new TrafficStatsCacheValue(mClock.millis(), entry));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the cache.
+     */
+    void clear() {
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            mMap.evictAll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isExpired(long timestamp) {
+        return mClock.millis() > timestamp + mExpiryDurationMs;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index 15ae501..1dd09a9 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
@@ -110,8 +111,8 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         ":services.connectivity-netstats-jni-sources",
-        "jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp",
         "jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp",
+        "jni/com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper.cpp",
         "jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp",
         "jni/onload.cpp",
     ],
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
         "libnetdutils",
         "liblog",
@@ -177,6 +179,8 @@
         "unsupportedappusage",
         "ServiceConnectivityResources",
         "framework-statsd",
+        "framework-permission",
+        "framework-permission-s",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         // Do not add libs here if they are already included
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
         "connectivity_native_aidl_interface-lateststable-java",
-        "dnsresolver_aidl_interface-V12-java",
+        "dnsresolver_aidl_interface-V15-java",
         "modules-utils-shell-command-handler",
         "net-utils-device-common",
         "net-utils-device-common-ip",
@@ -195,14 +199,22 @@
         "PlatformProperties",
         "service-connectivity-protos",
         "service-connectivity-stats-protos",
+        // The required dependency net-utils-device-common-struct-base is in the classpath via
+        // framework-connectivity
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+
+    },
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/thread/service:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/thread/tests:__subpackages__",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -222,6 +234,7 @@
     ],
     lint: {
         strict_updatability_linting: true,
+
     },
 }
 
@@ -257,6 +270,8 @@
         "framework-tethering.impl",
         "framework-wifi",
         "libprotobuf-java-nano",
+        "framework-permission",
+        "framework-permission-s",
     ],
     jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
     apex_available: [
@@ -265,9 +280,6 @@
     optimize: {
         proguard_flags_files: ["proguard.flags"],
     },
-    lint: {
-        strict_updatability_linting: true,
-    },
 }
 
 // A special library created strictly for use by the tests as they need the
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
index 2260596..2621256 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 // APK to hold all the wifi overlayable resources.
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/OWNERS b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df41ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+per-file res/values/config_thread.xml = file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/thread/OWNERS
+per-file res/values/overlayable.xml = file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:main:/thread/OWNERS
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-af/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-af/strings.xml
index 086c6e3..a0f927e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-af/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-af/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Meld by netwerk aan"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Geen internet nie"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Jou <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>-data is dalk op. Tik vir opsies."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Jou data is dalk op. Tik vir opsies."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> het geen internettoegang nie"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tik vir opsies"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Selnetwerk het nie internettoegang nie"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-am/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-am/strings.xml
index 886b353..b9ce7f0 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-am/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-am/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ወደ አውታረ መረብ በመለያ ይግቡ"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"በይነመረብ የለም"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"ከ<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> ውሂብ ጨርሰው ሊሆን ይችላል። ለአማራጮች መታ ያድርጉ።"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ውሂብ ጨርሰው ሊሆን ይችላል። ለአማራጮች መታ ያድርጉ።"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ምንም የበይነ መረብ መዳረሻ የለም"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ለአማራጮች መታ ያድርጉ"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"የተንቀሳቃሽ ስልክ አውታረ መረብ የበይነመረብ መዳረሻ የለውም"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ar/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ar/strings.xml
index 07d9c2e..92dd9a1 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ar/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ar/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"تسجيل الدخول إلى الشبكة"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"لا يتوفّر اتصال بالإنترنت"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"قد تكون البيانات التي يوفِّرها \"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>\" نفدت. انقر لعرض الخيارات."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"قد تكون البيانات نفدت. انقر لعرض الخيارات."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"لا يتوفّر في <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> إمكانية الاتصال بالإنترنت."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"انقر للحصول على الخيارات."</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"شبكة الجوّال هذه غير متصلة بالإنترنت"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-as/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-as/strings.xml
index 7e4dd42..a3c2c28 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-as/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-as/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"নেটৱৰ্কত ছাইন ইন কৰক"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ইণ্টাৰনেট নাই"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"আপোনাৰ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>ৰ ডেটা হয়তো শেষ হৈছে। বিকল্পৰ বাবে টিপক।"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"আপোনাৰ ডেটা হয়তো শেষ হৈছে। বিকল্পৰ বাবে টিপক।"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>ৰ ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ এক্সেছ নাই"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"অধিক বিকল্পৰ বাবে টিপক"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ম’বাইল নেটৱৰ্কৰ কোনো ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ এক্সেছ নাই"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-az/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-az/strings.xml
index f33a3e3..ab6e0fb 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-az/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-az/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Şəbəkəyə daxil olun"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"İnternet yoxdur"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> datası bitmiş ola bilər. Seçimlər üçün toxunun."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Data bitmiş ola bilər. Seçimlər üçün toxunun."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> üçün internet girişi əlçatan deyil"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Seçimlər üçün tıklayın"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobil şəbəkənin internetə girişi yoxdur"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
index 7398e7c..5bbf143 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijavite se na mrežu"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nema interneta"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Možda ste potrošili <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> podatke. Dodirnite za opcije."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Možda ste potrošili podatke. Dodirnite za opcije."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dodirnite za opcije"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilna mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-be/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-be/strings.xml
index 3459cc7..30a81b3 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-be/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-be/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Увайдзіце ў сетку"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Няма падключэння да інтэрнэту"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Магчыма, скончыўся трафік, выдзелены аператарам \"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>\". Націсніце, каб паглядзець даступныя дзеянні."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Магчыма, скончыўся трафік. Націсніце, каб паглядзець даступныя дзеянні."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> не мае доступу ў інтэрнэт"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Дакраніцеся, каб убачыць параметры"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мабільная сетка не мае доступу ў інтэрнэт"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bg/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bg/strings.xml
index b4ae618..d52ee22 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bg/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bg/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Вход в мрежата"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Няма интернет"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Възможно е да сте изчерпали данните си от <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Докоснете за опции."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Възможно е да сте изчерпали данните си. Докоснете за опции."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> няма достъп до интернет"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Докоснете за опции"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилната мрежа няма достъп до интернет"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bn/strings.xml
index 3b32973..9a68bcd 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bn/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bn/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"নেটওয়ার্কে সাইন-ইন করুন"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ইন্টারনেট কানেকশন নেই"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"আপনার <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>-এর ডেটা হয়ত শেষ হয়ে গেছে। বিকল্প পাওয়ার জন্য ট্যাপ করুন।"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"আপনার ডেটা হয়ত শেষ হয়ে গেছে। বিকল্প পাওয়ার জন্য ট্যাপ করুন।"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-এর ইন্টারনেটে অ্যাক্সেস নেই"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"বিকল্পগুলির জন্য আলতো চাপুন"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"মোবাইল নেটওয়ার্কে কোনও ইন্টারনেট অ্যাক্সেস নেই"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bs/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bs/strings.xml
index 0bc0a7c..ae401fb 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bs/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bs/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijava na mrežu"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nema internetske veze"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Možda ste iskoristili prijenos podataka na mobilnoj mreži <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Dodirnite za opcije."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Možda ste iskoristili prijenos podataka na mobilnoj mreži. Dodirnite za opcije."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Mreža <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dodirnite za opcije"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilna mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ca/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ca/strings.xml
index 22b9dbd..325b7ea 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ca/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ca/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Inicia la sessió a la xarxa"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Sense connexió a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Pot ser que t\'hagis quedat sense dades de <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Toca per veure les opcions."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Pot ser que t\'hagis quedat sense dades. Toca per veure les opcions."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> no té accés a Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toca per veure les opcions"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La xarxa mòbil no té accés a Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-cs/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-cs/strings.xml
index ccf21ee..a785c10 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-cs/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-cs/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Přihlásit se k síti"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nejste připojeni k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Možná vám došla data od poskytovatele <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Klepnutím zobrazíte možnosti."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Možná vám došla data. Klepnutím zobrazíte možnosti."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Síť <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nemá přístup k internetu"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Klepnutím zobrazíte možnosti"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilní síť nemá přístup k internetu"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-da/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-da/strings.xml
index a33143e..9d7b0fe 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-da/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-da/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Log ind på netværk"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Intet internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Du er muligvis løbet tør for data fra <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Tryk for at se valgmuligheder."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Du er muligvis løbet tør for data. Tryk for at se valgmuligheder."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har ingen internetforbindelse"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tryk for at se valgmuligheder"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilnetværket har ingen internetadgang"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
index 96cc7d2..536ebda 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Im Netzwerk anmelden"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Kein Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Möglicherweise sind deine mobilen Daten von <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> aufgebraucht. Tippe für Optionen."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Möglicherweise sind deine mobilen Daten aufgebraucht. Tippe für Optionen."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Für Optionen tippen"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiles Netzwerk hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-el/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-el/strings.xml
index b5f319d..c8eebc7 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-el/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-el/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Σύνδεση στο δίκτυο"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Χωρίς σύνδεση στο διαδίκτυο"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Ενδέχεται να έχουν εξαντληθεί τα δεδομένα σας από τον πάροχο <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Πατήστε για να δείτε τις επιλογές."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Ενδέχεται να έχουν εξαντληθεί τα δεδομένα σας. Πατήστε για να δείτε τις επιλογές."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Η εφαρμογή <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Πατήστε για να δείτε τις επιλογές"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Το δίκτυο κινητής τηλεφωνίας δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο."</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
index c490cf8..37a5ec0 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"No Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"You may be out of data from <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Tap for options."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"You may be out of data. Tap for options."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no Internet access"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
index 9827f4e..836369e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"No internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"You may be out of data from <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Tap for options."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"You may be out of data. Tap for options."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no internet access"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no internet access"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
index c490cf8..37a5ec0 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"No Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"You may be out of data from <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Tap for options."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"You may be out of data. Tap for options."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no Internet access"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
index c490cf8..37a5ec0 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"No Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"You may be out of data from <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Tap for options."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"You may be out of data. Tap for options."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no Internet access"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
index 67c3659..258e570 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎Sign in to network‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎No internet‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‎You may be out of data from ‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎. Tap for options.‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎You may be out of data. Tap for options.‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎ has no internet access‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎Tap for options‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎Mobile network has no internet access‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
index b24dee0..3471243 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Acceder a la red"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Sin Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Es posible que no tengas más datos de <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Presiona para ver las opciones."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Es posible que no tengas más datos. Presiona para ver las opciones."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Presiona para ver opciones"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La red móvil no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es/strings.xml
index f4a7e3d..e8401ed 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Iniciar sesión en la red"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Sin Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Es posible que ya no tengas datos de <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Toca para ver las opciones."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Es posible que ya no tengas datos. Toca para ver las opciones."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toca para ver opciones"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La red móvil no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-et/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-et/strings.xml
index cf997b3..1c36b0f 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-et/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-et/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Võrku sisselogimine"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Internetiühendus puudub"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Teie andmesidemaht operaatorilt <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> võib olla otsas. Puudutage valikute nägemiseks."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Andmesidemaht võib olla otsas. Puudutage valikute nägemiseks."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Võrgul <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> puudub Interneti-ühendus"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Puudutage valikute nägemiseks"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiilsidevõrgul puudub Interneti-ühendus"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-eu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-eu/strings.xml
index 13f9eb4..81d8ddb 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-eu/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-eu/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Hasi saioa sarean"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Ez zaude Internetera konektatuta"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Agian agortu egin dituzu <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> operadorearen planean sartzen zaizkizun datuak. Sakatu hau zer aukera dituzun ikusteko."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Datuak agortuko zitzaizkizun, agian. Sakatu hau zer aukera dituzun ikusteko."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Ezin da konektatu Internetera <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> sarearen bidez"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Sakatu aukerak ikusteko"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Sare mugikorra ezin da konektatu Internetera"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fa/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fa/strings.xml
index 296ce8e..02c60df 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fa/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fa/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ورود به سیستم شبکه"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"اتصال اینترنت وجود ندارد"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"ممکن است داده <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> تمام شده باشد. برای گزینه‌ها ضربه بزنید."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ممکن است داده شما تمام شده باشد. برای گزینه‌ها ضربه بزنید."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"برای گزینه‌ها ضربه بزنید"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"شبکه تلفن همراه به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fi/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fi/strings.xml
index 07d2907..9c700d4 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fi/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fi/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Kirjaudu verkkoon"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Ei internetyhteyttä"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Data (<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>) on ehkä lopussa. Näytä vaihtoehdot napauttamalla."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Datasi on ehkä lopussa. Näytä vaihtoehdot napauttamalla."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ei ole yhteydessä internetiin"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Näytä vaihtoehdot napauttamalla."</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiiliverkko ei ole yhteydessä internetiin"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml
index 7d5b366..2b7f031 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Connectez-vous au réseau"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Aucune connexion Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Votre forfait de données avec <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> est peut-être épuisé. Touchez pour afficher les options."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Votre forfait de données est peut-être épuisé. Touchez pour afficher les options."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Le réseau <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> n\'offre aucun accès à Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Touchez pour afficher les options"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Le réseau cellulaire n\'offre aucun accès à Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr/strings.xml
index 2331d9b..fd179af 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Se connecter au réseau"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Aucun accès à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Vous avez peut-être consommé l\'intégralité de votre forfait de données de <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Appuyez pour voir les options disponibles."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Vous avez peut-être consommé l\'intégralité de votre forfait de données. Appuyez pour voir les options disponibles."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Aucune connexion à Internet pour <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Appuyez ici pour afficher des options."</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Le réseau mobile ne dispose d\'aucun accès à Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gl/strings.xml
index f46f84b..1276730 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gl/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gl/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Inicia sesión na rede"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Sen conexión a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Pode que non che queden datos de <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Toca para ver as opcións."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Pode que non che queden datos. Toca para ver as opcións."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> non ten acceso a Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toca para ver opcións."</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede de telefonía móbil non ten acceso a Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gu/strings.xml
index ec9ecd3..cc0bca0 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gu/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gu/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"નેટવર્ક પર સાઇન ઇન કરો"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"કોઈ ઇન્ટરનેટ કનેક્શન નથી"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"તમારી પાસે <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>નો ડેટા બાકી ન હોય તેવું બની શકે છે. વિકલ્પો માટે ટૅપ કરો."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"તમારી પાસે ડેટા બાકી ન હોય તેવું બની શકે છે. વિકલ્પો માટે ટૅપ કરો."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ઇન્ટરનેટ ઍક્સેસ ધરાવતું નથી"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"વિકલ્પો માટે ટૅપ કરો"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"મોબાઇલ નેટવર્ક કોઈ ઇન્ટરનેટ ઍક્સેસ ધરાવતું નથી"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hi/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hi/strings.xml
index 6e3bc6b..4826a3c 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hi/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hi/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"नेटवर्क में साइन इन करें"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"इंटरनेट कनेक्शन नहीं है"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"शायद आपके डिवाइस में <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> का डेटा खत्म हो गया है. विकल्पों के लिए टैप करें."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"शायद आपके डिवाइस में डेटा खत्म हो गया है. विकल्पों के लिए टैप करें."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> का इंटरनेट नहीं चल रहा है"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"विकल्पों के लिए टैप करें"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"मोबाइल नेटवर्क पर इंटरनेट ऐक्सेस नहीं है"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hr/strings.xml
index 6a6de4c..ace8c81 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hr/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hr/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijava na mrežu"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nema interneta"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Možda ste potrošili podatkovni promet od operatera <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Dodirnite za opcije."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Možda ste potrošili podatkovni promet. Dodirnite za opcije."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dodirnite za opcije"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilna mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hu/strings.xml
index 1d39d30..ec96193 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hu/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hu/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Bejelentkezés a hálózatba"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nincs internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Előfordulhat, hogy elfogyott az adatkerete a szolgáltatónál (<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>). Koppintson a lehetőségek megjelenítéséhez."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Előfordulhat, hogy elfogyott az adatkerete. Koppintson a lehetőségek megjelenítéséhez."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"A(z) <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> hálózaton nincs internet-hozzáférés"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Koppintson a beállítások megjelenítéséhez"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A mobilhálózaton nincs internet-hozzáférés"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hy/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hy/strings.xml
index 99386d4..8d82899 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hy/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hy/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Մուտք գործեք ցանց"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Կապ չկա"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Հնարավոր է՝ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> օպերատորի ձեր սահմանաչափը սպառվել է։ Հպեք՝ տարբերակները տեսնելու համար։"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Հնարավոր է՝ ձեր սահմանաչափը սպառվել է։ Հպեք՝ տարբերակները տեսնելու համար։"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ցանցը չունի մուտք ինտերնետին"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Հպեք՝ ընտրանքները տեսնելու համար"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Բջջային ցանցը չի ապահովում ինտերնետ կապ"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-in/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-in/strings.xml
index f47d257..41226a2 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-in/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-in/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Login ke jaringan"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Tidak ada internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Data <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> Anda mungkin sudah habis. Ketuk untuk melihat opsi."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Data seluler Anda mungkin sudah habis. Ketuk untuk melihat opsi."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tidak memiliki akses internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Ketuk untuk melihat opsi"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Jaringan seluler tidak memiliki akses internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-is/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-is/strings.xml
index eeba231..423413e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-is/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-is/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Skrá inn á net"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Engin nettenging"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Gagnamagnið þitt frá <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> gæti verið búið. Ýttu til að sjá valkosti."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Gagnamagnið þitt gæti verið búið. Ýttu til að sjá valkosti."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> er ekki með internetaðgang"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Ýttu til að sjá valkosti"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Farsímakerfið er ekki tengt við internetið"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-it/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-it/strings.xml
index ec3ff8c..62fc74e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-it/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-it/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Accedi alla rete"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nessuna connessione a internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"I dati di <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> potrebbero essere esauriti. Tocca per le opzioni."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Potresti avere esaurito i dati. Tocca per le opzioni."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> non ha accesso a Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tocca per le opzioni"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La rete mobile non ha accesso a Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-iw/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-iw/strings.xml
index d123ebb..b5b4071 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-iw/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-iw/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"היכנס לרשת"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"אין אינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"יכול להיות שחבילת הגלישה שלך אצל <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> נגמרה. אפשר להקיש כדי להציג את האפשרויות."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"יכול להיות שחבילת הגלישה נגמרה. אפשר להקיש כדי להציג את האפשרויות."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"ל-<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> אין גישה לאינטרנט"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"הקש לקבלת אפשרויות"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"לרשת הסלולרית אין גישה לאינטרנט"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ja/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ja/strings.xml
index 7bb6f85..0021efa 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ja/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ja/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ネットワークにログインしてください"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"インターネットに接続されていません"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> の使用可能なデータ量が不足している可能性があります。タップするとオプションが表示されます。"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"使用可能なデータ量が不足している可能性があります。タップするとオプションが表示されます。"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> はインターネットにアクセスできません"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"タップしてその他のオプションを表示"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"モバイル ネットワークがインターネットに接続されていません"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ka/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ka/strings.xml
index f42c567..b05d59b 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ka/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ka/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ქსელში შესვლა"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ინტერნეტი არ არის"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"შესაძლოა, დაგიმთავრდათ მობილური ინტერნეტი <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>-სგან. შეეხეთ ვარიანტების სანახავად."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"შესაძლოა, მობილური ინტერნეტი დაგიმთავრდათ. შეეხეთ ვარიანტების სანახავად."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-ს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"შეეხეთ ვარიანტების სანახავად"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"მობილურ ქსელს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kk/strings.xml
index efe23b6..099e3a6 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kk/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kk/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Желіге кіру"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Интернет жоқ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> трафигі таусылған болуы мүмкін. Опцияларды көру үшін түртіңіз."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Трафик таусылған болуы мүмкін. Опцияларды көру үшін түртіңіз."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> желісінің интернетті пайдалану мүмкіндігі шектеулі."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Опциялар үшін түртіңіз"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобильдік желі интернетке қосылмаған."</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-km/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-km/strings.xml
index fa06c5b..5ca4f00 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-km/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-km/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ចូលទៅបណ្តាញ"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"គ្មាន​អ៊ីនធឺណិតទេ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"អ្នកប្រហែលអស់ទិន្នន័យពី <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> ហើយ។ ចុចដើម្បីទទួលបានជម្រើស។"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"អ្នកប្រហែលអស់ទិន្នន័យហើយ។ ចុចដើម្បីទទួលបានជម្រើស។"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> មិនមាន​ការតភ្ជាប់អ៊ីនធឺណិត​ទេ"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ប៉ះសម្រាប់ជម្រើស"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"បណ្ដាញ​ទូរសព្ទ​ចល័ត​មិនមានការតភ្ជាប់​អ៊ីនធឺណិតទេ"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kn/strings.xml
index 8046d0e..044aff6 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kn/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kn/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್‌ಗೆ ಸೈನ್ ಇನ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಇಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> ನ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಡೇಟಾ ಮುಗಿದಿರಬಹುದು. ಆಯ್ಕೆಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಟ್ಯಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ನಿಮ್ಮ ಡೇಟಾ ಮುಗಿದಿರಬಹುದು. ಆಯ್ಕೆಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಟ್ಯಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ಆಯ್ಕೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಟ್ಯಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್‌ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ko/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ko/strings.xml
index eef59a9..1d1e989 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ko/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ko/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"네트워크에 로그인"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"인터넷 연결 없음"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>에서 제공하는 데이터를 모두 소진했을 수 있습니다. 탭하여 옵션을 확인하세요."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"데이터를 모두 소진했을 수 있습니다. 탭하여 옵션을 확인하세요."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>이(가) 인터넷에 액세스할 수 없습니다."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"탭하여 옵션 보기"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"모바일 네트워크에 인터넷이 연결되어 있지 않습니다."</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ky/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ky/strings.xml
index 0027c8a..08ffd2a 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ky/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ky/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Тармакка кирүү"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Интернет жок"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> трафиги түгөнгөн окшойт. Параметрлерди ачуу үчүн таптаңыз."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Трафик түгөнгөн окшойт. Параметрлерди ачуу үчүн таптаңыз."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> Интернетке туташуусу жок"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Параметрлерди ачуу үчүн таптап коюңуз"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилдик Интернет жок"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lo/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lo/strings.xml
index 64419f9..2967441 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lo/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lo/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ລົງຊື່ເຂົ້າເຄືອຂ່າຍ"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ບໍ່ມີອິນເຕີເນັດ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"ອິນເຕີເນັດຂອງທ່ານຈາກເຄືອຂ່າຍ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> ອາດໝົດ. ແຕະເພື່ອເບິ່ງຕົວເລືອກ."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ອິນເຕີເນັດຂອງທ່ານອາດໝົດ. ແຕະເພື່ອເບິ່ງຕົວເລືອກ."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ບໍ່ມີການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ອິນເຕີເນັດ"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ແຕະເພື່ອເບິ່ງຕົວເລືອກ"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ເຄືອຂ່າຍມືຖືບໍ່ສາມາດເຂົ້າເຖິງອິນເຕີເນັດໄດ້"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lt/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lt/strings.xml
index f73f142..1f2569d 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lt/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lt/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prisijungti prie tinklo"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nėra interneto ryšio"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Gali būti, kad nebeturite „<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>“ duomenų. Palieskite, kad būtų rodomos parinktys."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Gali būti, kad nebeturite duomenų. Palieskite, kad būtų rodomos parinktys."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"„<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>“ negali pasiekti interneto"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Palieskite, kad būtų rodomos parinktys."</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiliojo ryšio tinkle nėra prieigos prie interneto"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lv/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lv/strings.xml
index ce063a5..837a21f 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lv/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lv/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Pierakstīšanās tīklā"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nav interneta"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Iespējams, ir sasniegts <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> datu limits. Pieskarieties, lai skatītu iespējas."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Iespējams, ir sasniegts datu limits. Pieskarieties, lai skatītu iespējas."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Tīklā <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nav piekļuves internetam"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Pieskarieties, lai skatītu opcijas."</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilajā tīklā nav piekļuves internetam."</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mk/strings.xml
index fb105e0..6fa1563 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mk/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mk/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Најавете се на мрежа"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Нема интернет"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Можеби се потрошил мобилниот интернет од <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Допрете за опции."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Можеби се потрошил мобилниот интернет. Допрете за опции."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> нема интернет-пристап"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Допрете за опции"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилната мрежа нема интернет-пристап"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ml/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ml/strings.xml
index 9a51238..0797902 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ml/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ml/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിലേക്ക് സൈൻ ഇൻ ചെയ്യുക"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ഇല്ല"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"നിങ്ങളുടെ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> എന്നതിലെ ഡാറ്റ തീർന്നിട്ടുണ്ടാകാം. ഓപ്ഷനുകൾക്ക് ടാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"നിങ്ങളുടെ ഡാറ്റ തീർന്നിട്ടുണ്ടാകാം. ഓപ്ഷനുകൾക്ക് ടാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> എന്നതിന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ആക്‌സസ് ഇല്ല"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ഓപ്ഷനുകൾക്ക് ടാപ്പുചെയ്യുക"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"മൊബെെൽ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ആക്‌സസ് ഇല്ല"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mn/strings.xml
index 8372533..2f13ef4 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mn/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mn/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Сүлжээнд нэвтэрнэ үү"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Интернэт байхгүй"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Таны <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>-н дата дууссан байж магадгүй. Сонголтыг харахын тулд товшино уу."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Таны дата дууссан байж магадгүй. Сонголтыг харахын тулд товшино уу."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-д интернэтийн хандалт алга"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Сонголт хийхийн тулд товшино уу"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобайл сүлжээнд интернэт хандалт байхгүй байна"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mr/strings.xml
index 658b19b..4797ff1 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mr/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mr/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"नेटवर्कवर साइन इन करा"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"इंटरनेट नाही"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"तुमचा <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> वरील डेटा संपला असेल. पर्यायांसाठी टॅप करा."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"तुमचा डेटा संपला असेल. पर्यायांसाठी टॅप करा."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ला इंटरनेट अ‍ॅक्सेस नाही"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"पर्यायांसाठी टॅप करा"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"मोबाइल नेटवर्कला इंटरनेट ॲक्सेस नाही"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ms/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ms/strings.xml
index 84b242c..de38c9c 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ms/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ms/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Log masuk ke rangkaian"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Tiada Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Anda mungkin kehabisan data daripada <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Ketik untuk melihat pilihan."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Anda mungkin kehabisan data. Ketik untuk melihat pilihan."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tiada akses Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Ketik untuk mendapatkan pilihan"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Rangkaian mudah alih tiada akses Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-my/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-my/strings.xml
index 6832263..fce3d58 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-my/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-my/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ကွန်ယက်သို့ လက်မှတ်ထိုးဝင်ရန်"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"အင်တာနက် မရှိပါ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> ထံမှ ဒေတာကုန်သွားခြင်း ဖြစ်နိုင်သည်။ ရွေးစရာများကြည့်ရန် တို့ပါ။"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ဒေတာကုန်သွားခြင်း ဖြစ်နိုင်သည်။ ရွေးစရာများကြည့်ရန် တို့ပါ။"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> တွင် အင်တာနက်အသုံးပြုခွင့် မရှိပါ"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"အခြားရွေးချယ်စရာများကိုကြည့်ရန် တို့ပါ"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"မိုဘိုင်းကွန်ရက်တွင် အင်တာနက်ချိတ်ဆက်မှု မရှိပါ"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nb/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nb/strings.xml
index fff6530..33c30b8 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nb/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nb/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Logg på nettverk"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Ingen internettilkobling"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Du har kanskje gått tom for data fra <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Trykk for å se alternativer."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Du har kanskje gått tom for data. Trykk for å se alternativer."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har ingen internettilkobling"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Trykk for å få alternativer"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilnettverket har ingen internettilgang"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ne/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ne/strings.xml
index 2eaf162..a2f9997 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ne/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ne/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"सञ्जालमा साइन इन गर्नुहोस्"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"इन्टरनेट छैन"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> को मोबाइल डेटा सकियो होला। विकल्पहरू हेर्न ट्याप गर्नुहोस्।"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"मोबाइल डेटा सकियो होला। विकल्पहरू हेर्न ट्याप गर्नुहोस्।"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> को इन्टरनेटमाथि पहुँच छैन"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"विकल्पहरूका लागि ट्याप गर्नुहोस्"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"मोबाइल नेटवर्कको इन्टरनेटमाथि पहुँच छैन"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nl/strings.xml
index 394c552..116e255 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nl/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nl/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Inloggen bij netwerk"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Geen internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Je hebt misschien geen data meer van <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Tik voor opties."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Je hebt misschien geen data meer. Tik voor opties."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> heeft geen internettoegang"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tik voor opties"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiel netwerk heeft geen internettoegang"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-or/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-or/strings.xml
index 49a773a..d15d42e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-or/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-or/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ନେଟ୍‌ୱର୍କରେ ସାଇନ୍‍ ଇନ୍‍ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ଇଣ୍ଟରନେଟ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"ଆପଣଙ୍କ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> ଡାଟା ଶେଷ ହୋଇଥାଇପାରେ। ବିକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ଟାପ କରନ୍ତୁ।"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଡାଟା ଶେଷ ହୋଇଥାଇପାରେ। ବିକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ଟାପ କରନ୍ତୁ।"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>ର ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ଆକ୍ସେସ୍ ନାହିଁ"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ବିକଳ୍ପ ପାଇଁ ଟାପ୍‍ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ମୋବାଇଲ୍ ନେଟ୍‌ୱାର୍କରେ ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ଆକ୍ସେସ୍ ନାହିଁ"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pa/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pa/strings.xml
index 9f71cac..103d094 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pa/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pa/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ਨੈੱਟਵਰਕ \'ਤੇ ਸਾਈਨ-ਇਨ ਕਰੋ"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> ਦਾ ਡਾਟਾ ਖਤਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਵਿਕਲਪਾਂ ਲਈ ਟੈਪ ਕਰੋ।"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਡਾਟਾ ਖਤਮ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਵਿਕਲਪਾਂ ਲਈ ਟੈਪ ਕਰੋ।"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ਵਿਕਲਪਾਂ ਲਈ ਟੈਪ ਕਰੋ"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ਮੋਬਾਈਲ ਨੈੱਟਵਰਕ ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਤੱਕ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pl/strings.xml
index cc84e29..bafa57a 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pl/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pl/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Zaloguj się do sieci"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Brak internetu"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Prawdopodobnie wyczerpał się pakiet danych z: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Kliknij, aby wyświetlić opcje."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Prawdopodobnie wyczerpał się pakiet danych. Kliknij, aby wyświetlić opcje."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nie ma dostępu do internetu"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Kliknij, by wyświetlić opcje"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Sieć komórkowa nie ma dostępu do internetu"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml
index 3c15a76..a2d5ad2 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Fazer login na rede"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Sem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Os dados da operadora <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> podem ter acabado. Toque para conferir suas opções."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Os dados podem ter acabado. Toque para conferir suas opções."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toque para ver opções"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede móvel não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
index 48dde75..05934f3 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Início de sessão na rede"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Sem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"É possível que já não tenha dados da <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Toque para aceder às opções."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"É possível que já não tenha dados. Toque para aceder às opções."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toque para obter mais opções"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede móvel não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt/strings.xml
index 3c15a76..a2d5ad2 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Fazer login na rede"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Sem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Os dados da operadora <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> podem ter acabado. Toque para conferir suas opções."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Os dados podem ter acabado. Toque para conferir suas opções."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toque para ver opções"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede móvel não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ro/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ro/strings.xml
index bf4479a..082bba8 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ro/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ro/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Conectează-te la rețea"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Fără conexiune la internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Este posibil să fi epuizat datele de la <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Atinge pentru opțiuni."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Este posibil să fi epuizat datele. Atinge pentru opțiuni."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nu are acces la internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Atinge pentru opțiuni"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Rețeaua mobilă nu are acces la internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ru/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ru/strings.xml
index 2e074ed..3c5b7dd 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ru/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ru/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Регистрация в сети"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Нет интернета"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Возможно, закончился трафик по тарифу оператора \"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>\". Нажмите, чтобы посмотреть варианты дальнейших действий."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Возможно, у вас закончился трафик. Нажмите, чтобы посмотреть варианты дальнейших действий."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Сеть \"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>\" не подключена к Интернету"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Нажмите, чтобы показать варианты."</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобильная сеть не подключена к Интернету"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-si/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-si/strings.xml
index a4f720a..70e0252 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-si/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-si/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ජාලයට පුරනය වන්න"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"අන්තර්ජාලය නැත"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"ඔබට <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> වෙතින් දත්ත අවසන් විය හැක. විකල්ප සඳහා තට්ටු කරන්න."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ඔබට දත්ත අවසන් විය හැක. විකල්ප සඳහා තට්ටු කරන්න."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> හට අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රවේශය නැත"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"විකල්ප සඳහා තට්ටු කරන්න"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ජංගම ජාලවලට අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රවේශය නැත"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sk/strings.xml
index 432b670..58b6aab 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sk/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sk/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prihlásenie do siete"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Žiadny internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Možno vám došli dáta od operátora <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Klepnutím si zobrazíte možnosti."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Možno vám došli dáta. Klepnutím si zobrazíte možnosti."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nemá prístup k internetu"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Klepnutím získate možnosti"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilná sieť nemá prístup k internetu"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sl/strings.xml
index b727614..1e28ee8 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sl/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sl/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijava v omrežje"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Ni internetne povezave"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Morda ste že porabili zakupljeno količino prenosa podatkov v mobilnem omrežju <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Dotaknite se za možnosti."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Morda ste že porabili zakupljeno količino prenosa podatkov v mobilnem omrežju. Dotaknite se za možnosti."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Omrežje <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nima dostopa do interneta"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dotaknite se za možnosti"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilno omrežje nima dostopa do interneta"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sq/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sq/strings.xml
index 85bd84f..48ac926 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sq/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sq/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Identifikohu në rrjet"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Nuk ka internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Mund të të kenë mbaruar të dhënat nga <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Trokit për opsionet."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Mund të të kenë mbaruar të dhënat. Trokit për opsionet."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nuk ka qasje në internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Trokit për opsionet"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Rrjeti celular nuk ka qasje në internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sr/strings.xml
index 928dc79..7bf1bb3 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sr/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sr/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Пријавите се на мрежу"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Нема интернета"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Можда сте потрошили <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> податке. Додирните за опције."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Можда сте потрошили податке. Додирните за опције."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> нема приступ интернету"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Додирните за опције"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилна мрежа нема приступ интернету"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sv/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sv/strings.xml
index d714124..61d49e7 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sv/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sv/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Logga in på nätverket"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Inget internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Din data från <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> kan ha tagit slut. Tryck för alternativ."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Din data kan ha tagit slut. Tryck för alternativ."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har ingen internetanslutning"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tryck för alternativ"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilnätverket har ingen internetanslutning"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
index 15d6cab..29ec013 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Ingia katika mtandao"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Hakuna intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Huenda data ya <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> imeisha. Gusa ili upate chaguo."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Huenda data yako imeisha. Gusa ili upate chaguo."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> haina uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Gusa ili upate chaguo"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mtandao wa simu hauna uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
index 9850a35..3bb82bb 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"நெட்வொர்க்கில் உள்நுழையவும்"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"இணைய இணைப்பு இல்லை"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> டேட்டா தீர்ந்திருக்கக்கூடும். விருப்பங்களுக்கு தட்டவும்."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"உங்கள் டேட்டா தீர்ந்திருக்கக்கூடும். விருப்பங்களுக்கு தட்டவும்."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> நெட்வொர்க்கிற்கு இணைய அணுகல் இல்லை"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"விருப்பங்களுக்கு, தட்டவும்"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"மொபைல் நெட்வொர்க்கிற்கு இணைய அணுகல் இல்லை"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-te/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-te/strings.xml
index f7182a8..42e010c 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-te/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-te/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"నెట్‌వర్క్‌కి సైన్ ఇన్ చేయండి"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ఇంటర్నెట్ లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"మీ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> డేటా అయిపోయి ఉండవచ్చు. ఆప్షన్‌ల కోసం ట్యాప్ చేయండి."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"మీ డేటా అయిపోయి ఉండవచ్చు. ఆప్షన్‌ల కోసం ట్యాప్ చేయండి."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>కి ఇంటర్నెట్ యాక్సెస్ లేదు"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ఎంపికల కోసం నొక్కండి"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"మొబైల్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌కు ఇంటర్నెట్ యాక్సెస్ లేదు"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-th/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-th/strings.xml
index 7049309..fe99257 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-th/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-th/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ลงชื่อเข้าใช้เครือข่าย"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"ไม่มีอินเทอร์เน็ต"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"คุณอาจถึงขีดจำกัดการใช้งานอินเทอร์เน็ตของ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> แล้ว แตะเพื่อดูตัวเลือก"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"คุณอาจใช้งานอินเทอร์เน็ตถึงขีดจำกัดแล้ว แตะเพื่อดูตัวเลือก"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> เข้าถึงอินเทอร์เน็ตไม่ได้"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"แตะเพื่อดูตัวเลือก"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"เครือข่ายมือถือไม่มีการเข้าถึงอินเทอร์เน็ต"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tl/strings.xml
index c866fd4..de42455 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tl/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tl/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Mag-sign in sa network"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Walang internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Posibleng ubos na ang data mo sa <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. I-tap para sa mga opsyon."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Posibleng naubusan ka ng data. I-tap para sa mga opsyon."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Walang access sa internet ang <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"I-tap para sa mga opsyon"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Walang access sa internet ang mobile network"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tr/strings.xml
index c4930a8..c65b210 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tr/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tr/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Ağda oturum açın"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"İnternet bağlantısı yok"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> veri paketiniz tükenmiş olabilir. Seçenekler için dokunun."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Veri paketiniz tükenmiş olabilir. Seçenekler için dokunun."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ağının internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Seçenekler için dokunun"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobil ağın internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uk/strings.xml
index 8811263..5950a24 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uk/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uk/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Вхід у мережу"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Немає Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Можливо, обсяг мобільного трафіку від <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> вичерпано. Торкніться, щоб відкрити опції."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Можливо, обсяг мобільного трафіку вичерпано. Торкніться, щоб відкрити опції."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Мережа <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> не має доступу до Інтернету"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Торкніться, щоб відкрити опції"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобільна мережа не має доступу до Інтернету"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ur/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ur/strings.xml
index 8f9656c..6af95b0 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ur/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ur/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"نیٹ ورک میں سائن ان کریں"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"انٹرنیٹ نہیں ہے"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"ہو سکتا ہے کہ آپ کے <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> کا ڈیٹا ختم ہو جائے۔ اختیارات کے لیے تھپتھپائیں۔"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"ہو سکتا ہے کہ آپ کا ڈیٹا ختم ہو جائے۔ اختیارات کے لیے تھپتھپائیں۔"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> کو انٹرنیٹ تک رسائی حاصل نہیں ہے"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"اختیارات کیلئے تھپتھپائیں"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"موبائل نیٹ ورک کو انٹرنیٹ تک رسائی حاصل نہیں ہے"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uz/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uz/strings.xml
index d7285ad..29bc99e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uz/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uz/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Tarmoqqa kirish"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Internet yoʻq"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> tarifida mobil trafik qolmagan boʻlishi mumkin. Yechim olish uchun bosing."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Internet trafik qolmagan boʻlishi mumkin. Yechim olish uchun bosing."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nomli tarmoqda internetga ruxsati yoʻq"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Variantlarni ko‘rsatish uchun bosing"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobil tarmoq internetga ulanmagan"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-vi/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-vi/strings.xml
index 239fb81..42d168e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-vi/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-vi/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Đăng nhập vào mạng"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Không có kết nối Internet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Có thể bạn đã dùng hết dữ liệu của <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Hãy nhấn để xem các lựa chọn."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Có thể bạn đã dùng hết dữ liệu. Hãy nhấn để xem các lựa chọn."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> không có quyền truy cập Internet"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Nhấn để biết tùy chọn"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mạng di động không có quyền truy cập Internet"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
index e318c0b..07271bf 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"登录到网络"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"未连接到互联网"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> 提供的数据流量可能已用尽。点按即可查看选项。"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"您的数据流量可能已用尽。点按即可查看选项。"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> 无法访问互联网"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"点按即可查看相关选项"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"此移动网络无法访问互联网"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml
index af3dccd..92c605b 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"登入網絡"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"沒有互聯網連線"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"你的「<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>」數據可能已用完。輕按即可查看選項。"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"你的數據可能已用完。輕按即可查看選項。"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>未有連接至互聯網"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"輕按即可查看選項"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"流動網絡並未連接互聯網"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
index 6441707..81f9ddb 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"登入網路"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"沒有網際網路連線"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> 提供的數據流量可能已用盡。輕觸即可查看選項。"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"數據流量可能已用盡。輕觸即可查看選項。"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> 沒有網際網路連線"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"輕觸即可查看選項"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"這個行動網路沒有網際網路連線"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zu/strings.xml
index b59f0d1..0338484 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zu/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zu/strings.xml
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Ngena ngemvume kunethiwekhi"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
     <skip />
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Ayikho i-inthanethi"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Kungenzeka uphelelwe idatha evela ku-<xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g>. Thepha ukuze uthole okungakhethwa kukho."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Kungenzeka uphelelwe yidatha. Thepha ukuze uthole okungakhethwa kukho."</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"I-<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ayinakho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Thepha ukuze uthole izinketho"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Inethiwekhi yeselula ayinakho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
index 045d707f..2d3647a 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
@@ -128,6 +128,13 @@
     <string-array translatable="false" name="config_networkNotifySwitches">
     </string-array>
 
+    <!-- An array of priorities of service types for services to be offloaded via
+         NsdManager#registerOffloadEngine.
+         Format is [priority int]:[service type], for example: "0:_testservice._tcp"
+    -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_nsdOffloadServicesPriority">
+    </string-array>
+
     <!-- Whether to use an ongoing notification for signing in to captive portals, instead of a
          notification that can be dismissed. -->
     <bool name="config_ongoingSignInNotification">false</bool>
@@ -196,8 +203,8 @@
 
     <!-- Regex of wired ethernet ifaces. Network interfaces that match this regex will be tracked
          by ethernet service.
-         If set to "*", ethernet service uses "(eth|usb)\\d+" on Android U+ and eth\\d+ on
-         Android T. -->
+         If set to "*", ethernet service uses "(eth|usb)\\d+" on Android V+ and eth\\d+ on
+         Android T and U. -->
     <string translatable="false" name="config_ethernet_iface_regex">*</string>
 
     <!-- Ignores Wi-Fi validation failures after roam.
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4783f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<!-- These resources are around just to allow their values to be customized
+     for different hardware and product builds for Thread Network. All
+	 configuration names should use the "config_thread" prefix.
+-->
+
+<resources xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <!-- Sets to {@code true} to enable Thread on the device by default. Note this is the default
+    value, the actual Thread enabled state can be changed by the {@link
+    ThreadNetworkController#setEnabled} API.
+    -->
+    <bool name="config_thread_default_enabled">true</bool>
+
+    <!-- Whether to use location APIs in the algorithm to determine country code or not.
+    If disabled, will use other sources (telephony, wifi, etc) to determine device location for
+    Thread Network regulatory purposes.
+    -->
+    <bool name="config_thread_location_use_for_country_code_enabled">true</bool>
+
+    <!-- Specifies the UTF-8 vendor name of this device. If this value is not an empty string, it
+    will be included in TXT value (key is 'vn') of the "_meshcop._udp" mDNS service which is
+    published by the Thread service. A non-empty string value must not exceed length of 24 UTF-8
+    bytes.
+    -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_thread_vendor_name">Android</string>
+
+    <!-- Specifies the 24 bits vendor OUI of this device. If this value is not an empty string, it
+    will be included in TXT (key is 'vo') value of the "_meshcop._udp" mDNS service which is
+    published by the Thread service. The OUI can be represented as a base-16 number of six
+    hexadecimal digits, or octets separated by hyphens or dots. For example, "ACDE48", "AC-DE-48"
+    and "AC:DE:48" are all valid representations of the same OUI value.
+    -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_thread_vendor_oui"></string>
+
+    <!-- Specifies the UTF-8 product model name of this device. If this value is not an empty
+    string, it will be included in TXT (key is 'mn') value of the "_meshcop._udp" mDNS service
+    which is published by the Thread service. A non-empty string value must not exceed length of 24
+    UTF-8 bytes.
+    -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_thread_model_name">Thread Border Router</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
index 4c85e8c..158b0c8 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
             <item type="integer" name="config_networkWakeupPacketMask"/>
             <item type="integer" name="config_networkNotifySwitchType"/>
             <item type="array" name="config_networkNotifySwitches"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_nsdOffloadServicesPriority"/>
             <item type="bool" name="config_ongoingSignInNotification"/>
             <item type="bool" name="config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications"/>
             <item type="bool" name="config_notifyNoInternetAsDialogWhenHighPriority"/>
@@ -43,6 +44,13 @@
             <item type="string" name="config_ethernet_iface_regex"/>
             <item type="integer" name="config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis" />
             <item type="integer" name="config_netstats_validate_import" />
+
+            <!-- Configuration values for ThreadNetworkService -->
+            <item type="bool" name="config_thread_default_enabled" />
+            <item type="bool" name="config_thread_location_use_for_country_code_enabled" />
+            <item type="string" name="config_thread_vendor_name" />
+            <item type="string" name="config_thread_vendor_oui" />
+            <item type="string" name="config_thread_model_name" />
         </policy>
     </overlayable>
 </resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/strings.xml
index b2fa5f5..246155e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -29,6 +29,15 @@
     <!-- A notification is shown when a captive portal network is detected.  This is the notification's message. -->
     <string name="network_available_sign_in_detailed"><xliff:g id="network_ssid">%1$s</xliff:g></string>
 
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the system detected no internet access on a mobile network, possibly because the user is out of data, and a webpage is available to get Internet access (possibly by topping up or getting a subscription).  This is the notification's title. -->
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet">No internet</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the system detected no internet access on a mobile network, possibly because the user is out of data, and a webpage is available to get Internet access (possibly by topping up or getting a subscription).  This is the notification's message. -->
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed">You may be out of data from <xliff:g id="network_carrier" example="Android Mobile">%1$s</xliff:g>. Tap for options.</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the system detected no internet access on a mobile network, possibly because the user is out of data, and a webpage is available to get Internet access (possibly by topping up or getting a subscription).  This is the notification's message when the carrier is unknown. -->
+    <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier">You may be out of data. Tap for options.</string>
+
     <!-- A notification is shown when the user connects to a Wi-Fi network and the system detects that that network has no Internet access. This is the notification's title. -->
     <string name="wifi_no_internet"><xliff:g id="network_ssid" example="GoogleGuest">%1$s</xliff:g> has no internet access</string>
 
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 29f6a60..0000000
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
-
-#include <jni.h>
-#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-static jint native_synchronizeKernelRCU(JNIEnv* env, jobject self) {
-    return -bpf::synchronizeKernelRCU();
-}
-
-/*
- * JNI registration.
- */
-// clang-format off
-static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
-    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
-    {"native_synchronizeKernelRCU", "()I",
-    (void*)native_synchronizeKernelRCU},
-};
-// clang-format on
-
-int register_com_android_server_BpfNetMaps(JNIEnv* env) {
-    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "android/net/connectivity/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps",
-                                    gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
-}
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e32726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_ibinder_jni.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include "nativehelper/JNIHelp.h"
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+namespace android {
+static jobject com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper_waitForService(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring serviceName) {
+    ScopedUtfChars name(env, serviceName);
+
+// AServiceManager_waitForService is available on only 31+, but it's still safe for Thread
+// service because it's enabled on only 34+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunguarded-availability"
+    return AIBinder_toJavaBinder(env, AServiceManager_waitForService(name.c_str()));
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+        /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+        {"nativeWaitForService",
+         "(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/os/IBinder;",
+         (void*)com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper_waitForService},
+};
+
+int register_com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env,
+            "android/net/connectivity/com/android/server/ServiceManagerWrapper",
+            gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+};  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
index c125bd6..c07d050 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
@@ -113,7 +113,13 @@
     if (!modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) return;
 
     V("/sys/fs/bpf", S_IFDIR|S_ISVTX|0777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf", DIR);
-    V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|S_ISVTX|0777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
+
+    // TODO: use modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() once api finalized
+    if (android_get_device_api_level() >= __ANDROID_API_V__) {
+        V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|01777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
+    } else {
+        V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|01777, SYSTEM, SYSTEM, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
+    }
 
     // pre-U we do not have selinux privs to getattr on bpf maps/progs
     // so while the below *should* be as listed, we have no way to actually verify
diff --git a/service/jni/onload.cpp b/service/jni/onload.cpp
index ed74430..bb70d4f 100644
--- a/service/jni/onload.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 namespace android {
 
 int register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(JNIEnv* env);
-int register_com_android_server_BpfNetMaps(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper(JNIEnv* env);
 
 extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
     JNIEnv *env;
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
         return JNI_ERR;
     }
 
-    if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) {
-        if (register_com_android_server_BpfNetMaps(env) < 0) {
-            return JNI_ERR;
-        }
+    if (register_com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper(env) < 0) {
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
 
+    if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) {
         if (register_com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator(env) < 0) {
             return JNI_ERR;
         }
diff --git a/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp b/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp
index e063af7..3a72134 100644
--- a/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp
+++ b/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
diff --git a/service/lint-baseline.xml b/service/lint-baseline.xml
index 5149e6d..3e11d52 100644
--- a/service/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/service/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,82 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<issues format="6" by="lint 8.0.0-dev" type="baseline" dependencies="true" variant="all" version="8.0.0-dev">
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha01" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha01">
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `getUidRule`"
+        errorLine1="        return BpfNetMapsReader.getUidRule(sUidOwnerMap, childChain, uid);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java"
+            line="643"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `BpfBitmap`"
+        errorLine1="                return new BpfBitmap(BLOCKED_PORTS_MAP_PATH);"
+        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityNativeService.java"
+            line="61"
+            column="24"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `set`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfBlockedPortsMap.set(port);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityNativeService.java"
+            line="96"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `unset`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfBlockedPortsMap.unset(port);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityNativeService.java"
+            line="107"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `clear`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfBlockedPortsMap.clear();"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityNativeService.java"
+            line="118"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `get`"
+        errorLine1="                if (mBpfBlockedPortsMap.get(i)) portMap.add(i);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityNativeService.java"
+            line="131"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.BatteryStatsManager#reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports`"
+        errorLine1="            batteryStats.reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(iface, transportTypes);"
+        errorLine2="                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="1447"
+            column="26"/>
+    </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
@@ -8,23 +85,562 @@
         errorLine2="                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="1358"
+            line="1458"
             column="22"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `getProgramId`"
+        errorLine1="            return BpfUtils.getProgramId(attachType);"
+        errorLine2="                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="1572"
+            column="29"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager`"
+        errorLine1="        mPolicyManager = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);"
+        errorLine2="                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="1740"
+            column="52"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#registerNetworkPolicyCallback`"
+        errorLine1="        mPolicyManager.registerNetworkPolicyCallback(null, mPolicyCallback);"
+        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="1753"
+            column="24"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Cast to `UidFrozenStateChangedCallback` requires API level 34 (current min is 30)"
+        errorLine1="                    new UidFrozenStateChangedCallback() {"
+        errorLine2="                    ^">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="1888"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Class requires API level 34 (current min is 30): `android.app.ActivityManager.UidFrozenStateChangedCallback`"
+        errorLine1="                    new UidFrozenStateChangedCallback() {"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="1888"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 34 (current min is 30): `android.app.ActivityManager#registerUidFrozenStateChangedCallback`"
+        errorLine1="            activityManager.registerUidFrozenStateChangedCallback("
+        errorLine2="                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="1907"
+            column="29"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#isUidNetworkingBlocked`"
+        errorLine1="            return mPolicyManager.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);"
+        errorLine2="                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="2162"
+            column="35"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#getRestrictBackgroundStatus`"
+        errorLine1="            return mPolicyManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus(callerUid);"
+        errorLine2="                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="2947"
+            column="35"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getNetwork`"
+        errorLine1="            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(snapshot.getNetwork());"
+        errorLine2="                                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="2963"
+            column="81"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getLinkProperties`"
+        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getLinkProperties(), snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities(),"
+        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="2966"
+            column="34"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getNetworkCapabilities`"
+        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getLinkProperties(), snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities(),"
+        errorLine2="                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="2966"
+            column="64"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getNetwork`"
+        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getNetwork(), snapshot.getSubscriberId()));"
+        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="2967"
+            column="34"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getSubscriberId`"
+        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getNetwork(), snapshot.getSubscriberId()));"
+        errorLine2="                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="2967"
+            column="57"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.NetworkPolicyCallback`"
+        errorLine1="    private final NetworkPolicyCallback mPolicyCallback = new NetworkPolicyCallback() {"
+        errorLine2="                                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="3210"
+            column="63"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `dump`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfNetMaps.dump(pw, fd, verbose);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="4155"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.Build#isDebuggable`"
+        errorLine1="        if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {"
+        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="5721"
+            column="20"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager`"
+        errorLine1="                 mContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);"
+        errorLine2="                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="6174"
+            column="44"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#getMultipathPreference`"
+        errorLine1="            networkPreference = netPolicyManager.getMultipathPreference(network);"
+        errorLine2="                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="6179"
+            column="50"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo`"
+        errorLine1="        return new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid(),"
+        errorLine2="               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="6819"
+            column="16"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks`"
+        errorLine1="            if (mPolicyManager.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {"
+        errorLine2="                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="7822"
+            column="32"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.Build#isDebuggable`"
+        errorLine1="            if (Build.isDebuggable()) {"
+        errorLine2="                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="9943"
+            column="23"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#notifyNetworkStatus`"
         errorLine1="            mStatsManager.notifyNetworkStatus(getDefaultNetworks(),"
         errorLine2="                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="9938"
+            line="10909"
             column="27"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(pfd);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="10962"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(pfd);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="10979"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkWatchlistManager`"
+        errorLine1="        NetworkWatchlistManager nwm = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkWatchlistManager.class);"
+        errorLine2="                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="11035"
+            column="65"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkWatchlistManager#getWatchlistConfigHash`"
+        errorLine1="        return nwm.getWatchlistConfigHash();"
+        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="11041"
+            column="20"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `getProgramId`"
+        errorLine1="                        final int ret = BpfUtils.getProgramId(type);"
+        errorLine2="                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="11180"
+            column="50"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.BatteryStatsManager#reportMobileRadioPowerState`"
+        errorLine1="                    bs.reportMobileRadioPowerState(isActive, uid);"
+        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="12254"
+            column="24"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.BatteryStatsManager#reportWifiRadioPowerState`"
+        errorLine1="                    bs.reportWifiRadioPowerState(isActive, uid);"
+        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="12257"
+            column="24"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `addNiceApp`"
+        errorLine1="                mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(uid);"
+        errorLine2="                            ~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13079"
+            column="29"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `removeNiceApp`"
+        errorLine1="                mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(uid);"
+        errorLine2="                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13081"
+            column="29"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `addNaughtyApp`"
+        errorLine1="                mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(uid);"
+        errorLine2="                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13094"
+            column="29"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `removeNaughtyApp`"
+        errorLine1="                mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(uid);"
+        errorLine2="                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13096"
+            column="29"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.UserHandle#getUid`"
+        errorLine1="            final int uid = uh.getUid(appId);"
+        errorLine2="                               ~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13112"
+            column="32"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `setUidRule`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(chain, uid, firewallRule);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13130"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `setChildChain`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(chain, enable);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13195"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `isChainEnabled`"
+        errorLine1="        return mBpfNetMaps.isChainEnabled(chain);"
+        errorLine2="                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13213"
+            column="28"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `replaceUidChain`"
+        errorLine1="        mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain(chain, uids);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            line="13220"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `BpfMap`"
+        errorLine1="        mBpfDscpIpv4Policies = new BpfMap&lt;Struct.S32, DscpPolicyValue&gt;(IPV4_POLICY_MAP_PATH,"
+        errorLine2="                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java"
+            line="88"
+            column="32"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `BpfMap`"
+        errorLine1="        mBpfDscpIpv6Policies = new BpfMap&lt;Struct.S32, DscpPolicyValue&gt;(IPV6_POLICY_MAP_PATH,"
+        errorLine2="                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java"
+            line="90"
+            column="32"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `insertOrReplaceEntry`"
+        errorLine1="                mBpfDscpIpv4Policies.insertOrReplaceEntry("
+        errorLine2="                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java"
+            line="183"
+            column="38"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `insertOrReplaceEntry`"
+        errorLine1="                mBpfDscpIpv6Policies.insertOrReplaceEntry("
+        errorLine2="                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java"
+            line="194"
+            column="38"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `replaceEntry`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfDscpIpv4Policies.replaceEntry(new Struct.S32(index), DscpPolicyValue.NONE);"
+        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java"
+            line="261"
+            column="34"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `replaceEntry`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfDscpIpv6Policies.replaceEntry(new Struct.S32(index), DscpPolicyValue.NONE);"
+        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java"
+            line="262"
+            column="34"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#parseNumericAddress`"
+        errorLine1='            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("::").getAddress();'
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java"
+            line="99"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot`"
+        errorLine1="            return new NetworkStateSnapshot(network, new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities),"
+        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java"
+            line="1353"
+            column="20"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
+        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(mFileDescriptor);"
+        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java"
+            line="570"
+            column="21"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Field requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.Build.VERSION#DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT`"
+        errorLine1="            return Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT;"
+        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java"
+            line="212"
+            column="20"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.SystemConfigManager#getSystemPermissionUids`"
+        errorLine1="        for (final int uid : mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(INTERNET)) {"
+        errorLine2="                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java"
+            line="396"
+            column="51"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.SystemConfigManager#getSystemPermissionUids`"
+        errorLine1="        for (final int uid : mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)) {"
+        errorLine2="                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java"
+            line="404"
+            column="51"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#isOem`"
         errorLine1="        return appInfo.isVendor() || appInfo.isOem() || appInfo.isProduct();"
         errorLine2="                                             ~~~~~">
@@ -58,441 +674,34 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#getMultipathPreference`"
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-        errorLine2="                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
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-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="5498"
-            column="50"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#getRestrictBackgroundStatus`"
-        errorLine1="            return mPolicyManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus(callerUid);"
-        errorLine2="                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
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-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="2565"
-            column="35"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#isUidNetworkingBlocked`"
-        errorLine1="            return mPolicyManager.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);"
-        errorLine2="                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
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-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="1914"
-            column="35"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks`"
-        errorLine1="            if (mPolicyManager.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {"
-        errorLine2="                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="7094"
-            column="32"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager#registerNetworkPolicyCallback`"
-        errorLine1="        mPolicyManager.registerNetworkPolicyCallback(null, mPolicyCallback);"
-        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="1567"
-            column="24"/>
-    </issue>
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-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getLinkProperties`"
-        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getLinkProperties(), snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities(),"
-        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="2584"
-            column="34"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getNetworkCapabilities`"
-        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getLinkProperties(), snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities(),"
-        errorLine2="                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="2584"
-            column="64"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getNetwork`"
-        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getNetwork(), snapshot.getSubscriberId()));"
-        errorLine2="                                 ~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="2585"
-            column="34"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getNetwork`"
-        errorLine1="            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(snapshot.getNetwork());"
-        errorLine2="                                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="2581"
-            column="81"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot#getSubscriberId`"
-        errorLine1="                        snapshot.getNetwork(), snapshot.getSubscriberId()));"
-        errorLine2="                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="2585"
-            column="57"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkWatchlistManager#getWatchlistConfigHash`"
-        errorLine1="        return nwm.getWatchlistConfigHash();"
-        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="10060"
-            column="20"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.PacProxyManager#addPacProxyInstalledListener`"
-        errorLine1="        mPacProxyManager.addPacProxyInstalledListener("
-        errorLine2="                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
-            line="111"
-            column="26"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.PacProxyManager#setCurrentProxyScriptUrl`"
-        errorLine1="                        () -&gt; mPacProxyManager.setCurrentProxyScriptUrl(proxyProperties));"
-        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
-            line="208"
-            column="48"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.PacProxyManager#setCurrentProxyScriptUrl`"
-        errorLine1="        mPacProxyManager.setCurrentProxyScriptUrl(proxyInfo);"
-        errorLine2="                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
-            line="252"
-            column="26"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.BatteryStatsManager#reportMobileRadioPowerState`"
-        errorLine1="                    bs.reportMobileRadioPowerState(isActive, NO_UID);"
-        errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="11006"
-            column="24"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.BatteryStatsManager#reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports`"
-        errorLine1="            batteryStats.reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(iface, transportTypes);"
-        errorLine2="                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
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-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="1347"
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.BatteryStatsManager#reportWifiRadioPowerState`"
-        errorLine1="                    bs.reportWifiRadioPowerState(isActive, NO_UID);"
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-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="11009"
-            column="24"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.Build#isDebuggable`"
-        errorLine1="            if (Build.isDebuggable()) {"
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-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
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-            column="23"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.Build#isDebuggable`"
-        errorLine1="        if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {"
-        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
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-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
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-            column="20"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.SystemConfigManager#getSystemPermissionUids`"
-        errorLine1="        for (final int uid : mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(INTERNET)) {"
-        errorLine2="                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java"
-            line="396"
-            column="51"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.SystemConfigManager#getSystemPermissionUids`"
-        errorLine1="        for (final int uid : mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)) {"
-        errorLine2="                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java"
-            line="404"
-            column="51"/>
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-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.os.UserHandle#getUid`"
         errorLine1="                    final int uid = handle.getUid(appId);"
         errorLine2="                                           ~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java"
-            line="1069"
+            line="1070"
             column="44"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
-        errorLine1="                tcpDetails.tos = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS);"
-        errorLine2="                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `updateUidLockdownRule`"
+        errorLine1="            mBpfNetMaps.updateUidLockdownRule(uid, add);"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
-            line="285"
-            column="37"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
-        errorLine1="                tcpDetails.ttl = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL);"
-        errorLine2="                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
-            line="287"
-            column="37"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
-        errorLine1="            tcpDetails.ack = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);"
-        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
-            line="265"
-            column="33"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
-        errorLine1="            tcpDetails.seq = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);"
-        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
-            line="262"
-            column="33"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#ioctlInt`"
-        errorLine1="        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCINQ);"
-        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
-            line="392"
-            column="31"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#ioctlInt`"
-        errorLine1="        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCOUTQ);"
-        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
-            line="402"
-            column="31"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#parseNumericAddress`"
-        errorLine1='            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("::").getAddress();'
-        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java"
-            line="99"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java"
+            line="1123"
             column="25"/>
     </issue>
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `java.net.InetAddress#parseNumericAddress`"
-        errorLine1='    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");'
-        errorLine2="                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java"
-            line="89"
-            column="65"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(pfd);"
-        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="9991"
-            column="25"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="                IoUtils.closeQuietly(pfd);"
-        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="10008"
-            column="25"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `libcore.io.IoUtils#closeQuietly`"
-        errorLine1="            IoUtils.closeQuietly(mFileDescriptor);"
-        errorLine2="                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java"
-            line="481"
-            column="21"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot`"
-        errorLine1="            return new NetworkStateSnapshot(network, new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities),"
-        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java"
-            line="1269"
-            column="20"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `new android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo`"
-        errorLine1="        return new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid(),"
-        errorLine2="               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="6123"
-            column="16"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.NetworkPolicyCallback`"
-        errorLine1="    private final NetworkPolicyCallback mPolicyCallback = new NetworkPolicyCallback() {"
-        errorLine2="                                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="2827"
-            column="63"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager`"
-        errorLine1="                 mContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);"
-        errorLine2="                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="5493"
-            column="44"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkPolicyManager`"
-        errorLine1="        mPolicyManager = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);"
-        errorLine2="                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="1554"
-            column="52"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.NetworkWatchlistManager`"
-        errorLine1="        NetworkWatchlistManager nwm = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkWatchlistManager.class);"
-        errorLine2="                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
-            line="10054"
-            column="65"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
         message="Class requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.PacProxyManager.PacProxyInstalledListener`"
         errorLine1="    private class PacProxyInstalledListener implements PacProxyManager.PacProxyInstalledListener {"
         errorLine2="                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
-            line="90"
+            line="92"
             column="56"/>
     </issue>
 
@@ -503,8 +712,107 @@
         errorLine2="                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
             file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
-            line="108"
+            line="111"
             column="53"/>
     </issue>
 
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.PacProxyManager#addPacProxyInstalledListener`"
+        errorLine1="            mPacProxyManager.addPacProxyInstalledListener("
+        errorLine2="                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
+            line="115"
+            column="30"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.PacProxyManager#setCurrentProxyScriptUrl`"
+        errorLine1="                        () -&gt; mPacProxyManager.setCurrentProxyScriptUrl(proxyProperties));"
+        errorLine2="                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
+            line="213"
+            column="48"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.net.PacProxyManager#setCurrentProxyScriptUrl`"
+        errorLine1="            mPacProxyManager.setCurrentProxyScriptUrl(proxyInfo);"
+        errorLine2="                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java"
+            line="259"
+            column="30"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
+        errorLine1="            tcpDetails.seq = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
+            line="269"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
+        errorLine1="            tcpDetails.ack = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);"
+        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
+            line="272"
+            column="33"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
+        errorLine1="                tcpDetails.tos = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS);"
+        errorLine2="                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
+            line="292"
+            column="37"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#getsockoptInt`"
+        errorLine1="                tcpDetails.ttl = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL);"
+        errorLine2="                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
+            line="294"
+            column="37"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#ioctlInt`"
+        errorLine1="        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCINQ);"
+        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
+            line="401"
+            column="31"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `android.system.Os#ioctlInt`"
+        errorLine1="        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCOUTQ);"
+        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java"
+            line="411"
+            column="31"/>
+    </issue>
+
 </issues>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service/native/include/Common.h b/service/native/include/Common.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 03f449a..0000000
--- a/service/native/include/Common.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-// TODO: deduplicate with the constants in NetdConstants.h.
-#include <aidl/android/net/INetd.h>
-#include "clat_mark.h"
-
-using aidl::android::net::INetd;
-
-static_assert(INetd::CLAT_MARK == CLAT_MARK, "must be 0xDEADC1A7");
-
-enum FirewallRule { ALLOW = INetd::FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, DENY = INetd::FIREWALL_RULE_DENY };
-
-// ALLOWLIST means the firewall denies all by default, uids must be explicitly ALLOWed
-// DENYLIST means the firewall allows all by default, uids must be explicitly DENYed
-
-enum FirewallType { ALLOWLIST = INetd::FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST, DENYLIST = INetd::FIREWALL_DENYLIST };
-
-// LINT.IfChange(firewall_chain)
-enum ChildChain {
-    NONE = 0,
-    DOZABLE = 1,
-    STANDBY = 2,
-    POWERSAVE = 3,
-    RESTRICTED = 4,
-    LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5,
-    OEM_DENY_1 = 7,
-    OEM_DENY_2 = 8,
-    OEM_DENY_3 = 9,
-    INVALID_CHAIN
-};
-// LINT.ThenChange(packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java)
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/Android.bp b/service/native/libs/libclat/Android.bp
index 996706e..6c1c2c4 100644
--- a/service/native/libs/libclat/Android.bp
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -38,16 +39,23 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "libclat_test",
     defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
     test_config_template: ":net_native_test_config_template",
     srcs: [
         "clatutils_test.cpp",
     ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libclat",
         "libip_checksum",
         "libnetd_test_tun_interface",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils_test.cpp b/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils_test.cpp
index f4f97db..cf6492f 100644
--- a/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils_test.cpp
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 #include "checksum.h"
 }
 
+#include <aidl/android/net/INetd.h>
+#include "clat_mark.h"
+static_assert(aidl::android::net::INetd::CLAT_MARK == CLAT_MARK, "must be 0xDEADC1A7");
+
 // Default translation parameters.
 static const char kIPv4LocalAddr[] = "192.0.0.4";
 
diff --git a/service/proguard.flags b/service/proguard.flags
index cf25f05..ed9a65f 100644
--- a/service/proguard.flags
+++ b/service/proguard.flags
@@ -15,3 +15,7 @@
     static final % EVENT_*;
 }
 
+# b/313539492 Keep the onLocalNetworkInfoChanged method in classes extending Connectivity.NetworkCallback.
+-keepclassmembers class * extends **android.net.ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback {
+    public void onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(**android.net.Network, **android.net.LocalNetworkInfo);
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index b7e928d..1047232 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -23,18 +23,17 @@
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.IIF_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.PRE_T;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.getMatchByFirewallChain;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.isFirewallAllowList;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.matchToString;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
@@ -50,12 +49,13 @@
 
 import android.app.StatsManager;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.BpfNetMapsReader;
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.UidOwnerValue;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.BackgroundThread;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@
  */
 public class BpfNetMaps {
     static {
-        if (!PRE_T) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
         }
     }
@@ -106,9 +107,6 @@
     // Use legacy netd for releases before T.
     private static boolean sInitialized = false;
 
-    private static final String BPF_NET_MAPS_FORCE_DISABLE_JAVA_BPF_MAP =
-            "bpf_net_maps_force_disable_java_bpf_map";
-
     // Lock for sConfigurationMap entry for UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY.
     // This entry is not accessed by others.
     // BpfNetMaps acquires this lock while sequence of read, modify, and write.
@@ -187,60 +185,67 @@
         sIngressDiscardMap = ingressDiscardMap;
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
         try {
             return new BpfMap<>(
-                    CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, U32.class);
+                    CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, S32.class, U32.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open netd configuration map", e);
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> getUidOwnerMap() {
         try {
             return new BpfMap<>(
-                    UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
+                    UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid owner map", e);
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidPermissionMap() {
         try {
             return new BpfMap<>(
-                    UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, U8.class);
+                    UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH, S32.class, U8.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid permission map", e);
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
         try {
-            return new BpfMap<>(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+            return new BpfMap<>(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH,
                     CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open cookie tag map", e);
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U8> getDataSaverEnabledMap() {
         try {
             return new BpfMap<>(
-                    DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, U8.class);
+                    DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH, S32.class, U8.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open data saver enabled map", e);
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<IngressDiscardKey, IngressDiscardValue> getIngressDiscardMap() {
         try {
-            return new BpfMap<>(INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+            return new BpfMap<>(INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH,
                     IngressDiscardKey.class, IngressDiscardValue.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open ingress discard map", e);
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static void initBpfMaps() {
         if (sConfigurationMap == null) {
             sConfigurationMap = getConfigurationMap();
@@ -298,6 +303,7 @@
      * Initializes the class if it is not already initialized. This method will open maps but not
      * cause any other effects. This method may be called multiple times on any thread.
      */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static synchronized void ensureInitialized(final Context context) {
         if (sInitialized) return;
         initBpfMaps();
@@ -324,10 +330,16 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Call synchronize_rcu()
+         * Synchronously call in to kernel to synchronize_rcu()
          */
+        @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
         public int synchronizeKernelRCU() {
-            return native_synchronizeKernelRCU();
+            try {
+                BpfMap.synchronizeKernelRCU();
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                return -e.errno;
+            }
+            return 0;
         }
 
         /**
@@ -345,7 +357,7 @@
     public BpfNetMaps(final Context context) {
         this(context, null);
 
-        if (PRE_T) throw new IllegalArgumentException("BpfNetMaps need to use netd before T");
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("BpfNetMaps need to use netd before T");
     }
 
     public BpfNetMaps(final Context context, final INetd netd) {
@@ -354,7 +366,7 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     public BpfNetMaps(final Context context, final INetd netd, final Dependencies deps) {
-        if (!PRE_T) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             ensureInitialized(context);
         }
         mNetd = netd;
@@ -368,7 +380,7 @@
     }
 
     private void throwIfPreT(final String msg) {
-        if (PRE_T) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException(msg);
         }
     }
@@ -435,62 +447,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Add naughty app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void addNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("addNaughtyApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        addRule(uid, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "addNaughtyApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Remove naughty app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void removeNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("removeNaughtyApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        removeRule(uid, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "removeNaughtyApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add nice app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void addNiceApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("addNiceApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        addRule(uid, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "addNiceApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Remove nice app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void removeNiceApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("removeNiceApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        removeRule(uid, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "removeNiceApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Set target firewall child chain
      *
      * @param childChain target chain to enable
@@ -524,14 +480,11 @@
      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
      *                                  cause of the failure.
-     *
-     * @deprecated Use {@link BpfNetMapsReader#isChainEnabled} instead.
      */
-    // TODO: Migrate the callers to use {@link BpfNetMapsReader#isChainEnabled} instead.
     @Deprecated
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public boolean isChainEnabled(final int childChain) {
-        return BpfNetMapsReader.isChainEnabled(sConfigurationMap, childChain);
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.isChainEnabled(sConfigurationMap, childChain);
     }
 
     private Set<Integer> asSet(final int[] uids) {
@@ -624,14 +577,12 @@
      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
      *                                  cause of the failure.
-     *
-     * @deprecated use {@link BpfNetMapsReader#getUidRule} instead.
      */
-    // TODO: Migrate the callers to use {@link BpfNetMapsReader#getUidRule} instead.
     public int getUidRule(final int childChain, final int uid) {
-        return BpfNetMapsReader.getUidRule(sUidOwnerMap, childChain, uid);
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.getUidRule(sUidOwnerMap, childChain, uid);
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private Set<Integer> getUidsMatchEnabled(final int childChain) throws ErrnoException {
         final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(childChain);
         Set<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
@@ -660,6 +611,7 @@
      * @param childChain target chain
      * @return Set of uids
      */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public Set<Integer> getUidsWithAllowRuleOnAllowListChain(final int childChain)
             throws ErrnoException {
         if (!isFirewallAllowList(childChain)) {
@@ -681,6 +633,7 @@
      * @param childChain target chain
      * @return Set of uids
      */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public Set<Integer> getUidsWithDenyRuleOnDenyListChain(final int childChain)
             throws ErrnoException {
         if (isFirewallAllowList(childChain)) {
@@ -709,7 +662,7 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void addUidInterfaceRules(final String ifName, final int[] uids) throws RemoteException {
-        if (PRE_T) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             mNetd.firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(ifName, uids);
             return;
         }
@@ -747,7 +700,7 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void removeUidInterfaceRules(final int[] uids) throws RemoteException {
-        if (PRE_T) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             mNetd.firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(uids);
             return;
         }
@@ -826,7 +779,7 @@
      * @throws RemoteException when netd has crashed.
      */
     public void setNetPermForUids(final int permissions, final int[] uids) throws RemoteException {
-        if (PRE_T) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(permissions, uids);
             return;
         }
@@ -854,6 +807,28 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Get granted permissions for specified uid. If uid is not in the map, this method returns
+     * {@link android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET} since this is a default permission.
+     * See {@link #setNetPermForUids}
+     *
+     * @param uid target uid
+     * @return    granted permissions.
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public int getNetPermForUid(final int uid) {
+        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+        try {
+            // Key of uid permission map is appId
+            // TODO: Rename map name
+            final U8 permissions = sUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(appId));
+            return permissions != null ? permissions.val : PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to get permission for uid: " + uid);
+            return PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Set Data Saver enabled or disabled
      *
      * @param enable     whether Data Saver is enabled or disabled.
@@ -913,6 +888,49 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get blocked reasons for specified uid
+     *
+     * @param uid Target Uid
+     * @return Reasons of network access blocking for an UID
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public int getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(final int uid) {
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid,
+                sConfigurationMap, sUidOwnerMap, sDataSaverEnabledMap);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the network access of specified uid is blocked on metered networks
+     *
+     * @param uid The target uid.
+     * @return True if the network access is blocked on metered networks. Otherwise, false
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public boolean isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(final int uid) {
+        final int blockedReasons = getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid);
+        return (blockedReasons & BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK) != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Return whether the network is blocked by firewall chains for the given uid.
+     *
+     * Note that {@link #getDataSaverEnabled()} has a latency before V.
+     *
+     * @param uid The target uid.
+     * @param isNetworkMetered Whether the target network is metered.
+     *
+     * @return True if the network is blocked. Otherwise, false.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException if the read fails.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public boolean isUidNetworkingBlocked(final int uid, boolean isNetworkMetered) {
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, isNetworkMetered,
+                sConfigurationMap, sUidOwnerMap, sDataSaverEnabledMap);
+    }
+
     /** Register callback for statsd to pull atom. */
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public void setPullAtomCallback(final Context context) {
@@ -975,6 +993,7 @@
         return sj.toString();
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private void dumpOwnerMatchConfig(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
         try {
             final long match = sConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val;
@@ -1016,7 +1035,7 @@
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public void dump(final IndentingPrintWriter pw, final FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose)
             throws IOException, ServiceSpecificException {
-        if (PRE_T) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
             throw new ServiceSpecificException(
                     EOPNOTSUPP, "dumpsys connectivity trafficcontroller dump not available on pre-T"
                     + " devices, use dumpsys netd trafficcontroller instead.");
@@ -1061,7 +1080,4 @@
             pw.decreaseIndent();
         }
     }
-
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    private static native int native_synchronizeKernelRCU();
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 5ae71be..bb77a9d 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT;
@@ -32,11 +34,15 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
@@ -60,10 +66,12 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
@@ -94,6 +102,9 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY;
 import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST;
 import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_SELF_CERTIFIED_CAPABILITIES_DECLARATION;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
@@ -106,15 +117,19 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkMonitorUtils.isPrivateDnsValidationRequired;
-import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceAnyPermissionOf;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf;
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.CONNECTIVITY_STATE_SAMPLE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING;
 
 import static java.util.Map.Entry;
 
 import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.CheckResult;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
@@ -170,6 +185,7 @@
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig;
 import android.net.LocalNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig;
 import android.net.NativeNetworkConfig;
 import android.net.NativeNetworkType;
 import android.net.NattSocketKeepalive;
@@ -210,7 +226,6 @@
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
-import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges;
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
 import android.net.metrics.NetworkEvent;
 import android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig;
@@ -252,6 +267,7 @@
 import android.stats.connectivity.ValidatedState;
 import android.sysprop.NetworkProperties;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -289,6 +305,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareOrUpdateResult;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
@@ -313,12 +330,12 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.DscpPolicyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.InvalidTagException;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveResourceUtil;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.LingerMonitor;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkDiagnostics;
@@ -327,11 +344,13 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkOffer;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkPreferenceList;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRanker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.PermissionMonitor;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProfileNetworkPreferenceInfo;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.QosCallbackTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.RoutingCoordinatorService;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.SatelliteAccessController;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.UidRangeUtils;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.VpnNetworkPreferenceInfo;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.wear.CompanionDeviceManagerProxyService;
@@ -360,6 +379,7 @@
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -368,6 +388,8 @@
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
  * @hide
@@ -381,6 +403,8 @@
     private static final String NETWORK_ARG = "networks";
     private static final String REQUEST_ARG = "requests";
     private static final String TRAFFICCONTROLLER_ARG = "trafficcontroller";
+    public static final String CLATEGRESS4RAWBPFMAP_ARG = "clatEgress4RawBpfMap";
+    public static final String CLATINGRESS6RAWBPFMAP_ARG = "clatIngress6RawBpfMap";
 
     private static final boolean DBG = true;
     private static final boolean DDBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
@@ -462,9 +486,34 @@
 
     private volatile boolean mLockdownEnabled;
 
+    private final boolean mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled;
+    private final boolean mBackgroundFirewallChainEnabled;
+
     /**
-     * Stale copy of uid blocked reasons provided by NPMS. As long as they are accessed only in
-     * internal handler thread, they don't need a lock.
+     * Uids ConnectivityService tracks blocked status of to send blocked status callbacks.
+     * Key is uid based on mAsUid of registered networkRequestInfo
+     * Value is count of registered networkRequestInfo
+     *
+     * This is necessary because when a firewall chain is enabled or disabled, that affects all UIDs
+     * on the system, not just UIDs on that firewall chain. For example, entering doze mode affects
+     * all UIDs that are not on the dozable chain. ConnectivityService doesn't know which UIDs are
+     * running. But it only needs to send onBlockedStatusChanged to UIDs that have at least one
+     * NetworkCallback registered.
+     *
+     * UIDs are added to this list on the binder thread when processing requestNetwork and similar
+     * IPCs. They are removed from this list on the handler thread, when the callback unregistration
+     * is fully processed. They cannot be unregistered when the unregister IPC is processed because
+     * sometimes requests are unregistered on the handler thread.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mBlockedStatusTrackingUids")
+    private final SparseIntArray mBlockedStatusTrackingUids = new SparseIntArray();
+
+    /**
+     * Stale copy of UID blocked reasons. This is used to send onBlockedStatusChanged
+     * callbacks. This is only used on the handler thread, so it does not require a lock.
+     * On U-, the blocked reasons come from NPMS.
+     * On V+, the blocked reasons come from the BPF map contents and only maintains blocked reasons
+     * of uids that register network callbacks.
      */
     private final SparseIntArray mUidBlockedReasons = new SparseIntArray();
 
@@ -495,6 +544,7 @@
     @GuardedBy("mTNSLock")
     private TestNetworkService mTNS;
     private final CompanionDeviceManagerProxyService mCdmps;
+    private final MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService;
     private final RoutingCoordinatorService mRoutingCoordinatorService;
 
     private final Object mTNSLock = new Object();
@@ -531,6 +581,8 @@
      * default network for each app.
      * Order ints passed to netd must be in the 0~999 range. Larger values code for
      * a lower priority, see {@link NativeUidRangeConfig}.
+     * Note that only the highest priority preference is applied if the uid is the target of
+     * multiple preferences.
      *
      * Requests that don't code for a per-app preference use PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID.
      * The default request uses PREFERENCE_ORDER_DEFAULT.
@@ -556,6 +608,10 @@
     // See {@link ConnectivitySettingsManager#setMobileDataPreferredUids}
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED = 30;
+    // Order of setting satellite network preference fallback when default message application
+    // with role_sms role and android.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION permission detected
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK = 40;
     // Preference order that signifies the network shouldn't be set as a default network for
     // the UIDs, only give them access to it. TODO : replace this with a boolean
     // in NativeUidRangeConfig
@@ -761,11 +817,10 @@
     private static final int EVENT_SET_PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = 50;
 
     /**
-     * Event to specify that reasons for why an uid is blocked changed.
-     * arg1 = uid
-     * arg2 = blockedReasons
+     * Event to update blocked reasons for uids.
+     * obj = List of Pair(uid, blockedReasons)
      */
-    private static final int EVENT_UID_BLOCKED_REASON_CHANGED = 51;
+    private static final int EVENT_BLOCKED_REASONS_CHANGED = 51;
 
     /**
      * Event to register a new network offer
@@ -826,6 +881,18 @@
     private static final int EVENT_UID_FROZEN_STATE_CHANGED = 61;
 
     /**
+     * Event to update firewall socket destroy reasons for uids.
+     * obj = List of Pair(uid, socketDestroyReasons)
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_UPDATE_FIREWALL_DESTROY_SOCKET_REASONS = 62;
+
+    /**
+     * Event to clear firewall socket destroy reasons for all uids.
+     * arg1 = socketDestroyReason
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_CLEAR_FIREWALL_DESTROY_SOCKET_REASONS = 63;
+
+    /**
      * Argument for {@link #EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION} to indicate that the notification
      * should be shown.
      */
@@ -914,6 +981,7 @@
     private final QosCallbackTracker mQosCallbackTracker;
     private final NetworkNotificationManager mNotifier;
     private final LingerMonitor mLingerMonitor;
+    private final SatelliteAccessController mSatelliteAccessController;
 
     // sequence number of NetworkRequests
     private int mNextNetworkRequestId = NetworkRequest.FIRST_REQUEST_ID;
@@ -940,6 +1008,8 @@
 
     private final IpConnectivityLog mMetricsLog;
 
+    @Nullable private final NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics;
+
     @GuardedBy("mBandwidthRequests")
     private final SparseArray<Integer> mBandwidthRequests = new SparseArray<>(10);
 
@@ -966,11 +1036,22 @@
     // Flag to enable the feature of closing frozen app sockets.
     private final boolean mDestroyFrozenSockets;
 
-    // Flag to optimize closing frozen app sockets by waiting for the cellular modem to wake up.
-    private final boolean mDelayDestroyFrozenSockets;
+    // Flag to optimize closing app sockets by waiting for the cellular modem to wake up.
+    private final boolean mDelayDestroySockets;
+
+    // Flag to allow SysUI to receive connectivity reports for wifi picker UI.
+    private final boolean mAllowSysUiConnectivityReports;
 
     // Uids that ConnectivityService is pending to close sockets of.
-    private final Set<Integer> mPendingFrozenUids = new ArraySet<>();
+    // Key is uid and value is reasons of socket destroy
+    private final SparseIntArray mDestroySocketPendingUids = new SparseIntArray();
+
+    private static final int DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_NONE = 0;
+    private static final int DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_FROZEN = 1 << 0;
+    private static final int DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_FIREWALL_BACKGROUND = 1 << 1;
+
+    // Flag to drop packets to VPN addresses ingressing via non-VPN interfaces.
+    private final boolean mIngressToVpnAddressFiltering;
 
     /**
      * Implements support for the legacy "one network per network type" model.
@@ -1273,7 +1354,7 @@
         LocalPriorityDump() {}
 
         private void dumpHigh(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw) {
-            if (!HandlerUtils.runWithScissors(mHandler, () -> {
+            if (!HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(mHandler, () -> {
                 doDump(fd, pw, new String[]{DIAG_ARG});
                 doDump(fd, pw, new String[]{SHORT_ARG});
             }, DUMPSYS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
@@ -1282,7 +1363,7 @@
         }
 
         private void dumpNormal(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
-            if (!HandlerUtils.runWithScissors(mHandler, () -> doDump(fd, pw, args),
+            if (!HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(mHandler, () -> doDump(fd, pw, args),
                     DUMPSYS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
                 pw.println("dumpNormal timeout");
             }
@@ -1359,8 +1440,8 @@
         /**
          * Create a HandlerThread to use in ConnectivityService.
          */
-        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
-            return new HandlerThread("ConnectivityServiceThread");
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread(@NonNull final String tag) {
+            return new HandlerThread(tag);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1417,6 +1498,30 @@
             return new AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker(c, h);
         }
 
+        public MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService makeMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(
+                    @NonNull Handler h) {
+            try {
+                return new MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(h);
+            } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+                // Multicast routing is not supported by the kernel
+                Log.i(TAG, "Skipping unsupported MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService");
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics
+         */
+        public NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics makeNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(
+                Context context) {
+            // We currently have network requests metric for Watch devices only
+            if (context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH)) {
+                return new NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics();
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
         /**
          * @see BatteryStatsManager
          */
@@ -1453,15 +1558,32 @@
          */
         @Nullable
         public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
-                @NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final TelephonyManager tm) {
+                @NonNull final Context context,
+                @NonNull final TelephonyManager tm,
+                boolean requestRestrictedWifiEnabled,
+                @NonNull BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> listener,
+                @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceHandler) {
             if (isAtLeastT()) {
-                return new CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(context, this, tm);
+                return new CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(context, tm, requestRestrictedWifiEnabled,
+                        listener, connectivityServiceHandler);
             } else {
                 return null;
             }
         }
 
         /**
+         * @see SatelliteAccessController
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public SatelliteAccessController makeSatelliteAccessController(
+                @NonNull final Context context,
+                Consumer<Set<Integer>> updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCallback,
+                @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceInternalHandler) {
+            return new SatelliteAccessController(context, updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCallback,
+                    connectivityServiceInternalHandler);
+        }
+
+        /**
          * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureEnabled
          */
         public boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context context, String name) {
@@ -1469,6 +1591,13 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut
+         */
+        public boolean isFeatureNotChickenedOut(Context context, String name) {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(context, name);
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Get the BpfNetMaps implementation to use in ConnectivityService.
          * @param netd a netd binder
          * @return BpfNetMaps implementation.
@@ -1643,6 +1772,7 @@
                 new RequestInfoPerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID - 1);
 
         mMetricsLog = logger;
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics = mDeps.makeNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(mContext);
         final NetworkRequest defaultInternetRequest = createDefaultRequest();
         mDefaultRequest = new NetworkRequestInfo(
                 Process.myUid(), defaultInternetRequest, null,
@@ -1696,7 +1826,7 @@
 
         mNetd = netd;
         mBpfNetMaps = mDeps.getBpfNetMaps(mContext, netd);
-        mHandlerThread = mDeps.makeHandlerThread();
+        mHandlerThread = mDeps.makeHandlerThread("ConnectivityServiceThread");
         mPermissionMonitor =
                 new PermissionMonitor(mContext, mNetd, mBpfNetMaps, mHandlerThread);
         mHandlerThread.start();
@@ -1716,13 +1846,32 @@
         mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
         mAppOpsManager = (AppOpsManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE);
         mLocationPermissionChecker = mDeps.makeLocationPermissionChecker(mContext);
-        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator =
-                mDeps.makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(mContext, mTelephonyManager);
+        mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled = mDeps.isAtLeastU()
+                && mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(context, REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI);
+        mBackgroundFirewallChainEnabled = mDeps.isAtLeastV() && mDeps.isFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                context, ConnectivityFlags.BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN);
+        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator = mDeps.makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
+                mContext, mTelephonyManager, mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled,
+                this::handleUidCarrierPrivilegesLost, mHandler);
+
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastU()
+                && mDeps
+                .isFeatureNotChickenedOut(mContext, ALLOW_SATALLITE_NETWORK_FALLBACK)) {
+            mSatelliteAccessController = mDeps.makeSatelliteAccessController(
+                    mContext, this::updateSatelliteNetworkPreferenceUids, mHandler);
+        } else {
+            mSatelliteAccessController = null;
+        }
 
         // To ensure uid state is synchronized with Network Policy, register for
         // NetworkPolicyManagerService events must happen prior to NetworkPolicyManagerService
         // reading existing policy from disk.
-        mPolicyManager.registerNetworkPolicyCallback(null, mPolicyCallback);
+        // If shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks() is true (On V+), ConnectivityService
+        // updates blocked reasons when firewall chain and data saver status is updated based on
+        // bpf map contents instead of receiving callbacks from NPMS
+        if (!shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()) {
+            mPolicyManager.registerNetworkPolicyCallback(null, mPolicyCallback);
+        }
 
         final PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(
                 Context.POWER_SERVICE);
@@ -1760,7 +1909,25 @@
         mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mPackageIntentReceiver, packageIntentFilter,
                 null /* broadcastPermission */, mHandler);
 
-        mNetworkActivityTracker = new LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(mContext, mNetd, mHandler);
+        // This is needed for pre-V devices to propagate the data saver status
+        // to the BPF map. This isn't supported before Android T because BPF maps are
+        // unsupported, and it's also unnecessary on Android V and later versions,
+        // as the platform code handles data saver bit updates. Additionally, checking
+        // the initial data saver status here is superfluous because the intent won't
+        // be sent until the system is ready.
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastT() && !mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            final IntentFilter dataSaverIntentFilter =
+                    new IntentFilter(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED);
+            mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mDataSaverReceiver, dataSaverIntentFilter,
+                    null /* broadcastPermission */, mHandler);
+        }
+
+        // TrackMultiNetworkActivities feature should be enabled by trunk stable flag.
+        // But reading the trunk stable flags from mainline modules is not supported yet.
+        // So enabling this feature on V+ release.
+        mTrackMultiNetworkActivities = mDeps.isAtLeastV();
+        mNetworkActivityTracker = new LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(mContext, mNetd, mHandler,
+                mTrackMultiNetworkActivities);
 
         final NetdCallback netdCallback = new NetdCallback();
         try {
@@ -1830,11 +1997,14 @@
         }
 
         mRoutingCoordinatorService = new RoutingCoordinatorService(netd);
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService =
+                mDeps.makeMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(mHandler);
 
-        mDestroyFrozenSockets = mDeps.isAtLeastU()
-                && mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(context, KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION);
-        mDelayDestroyFrozenSockets = mDeps.isAtLeastU()
-                && mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(context, DELAY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION);
+        mDestroyFrozenSockets = mDeps.isAtLeastV() || (mDeps.isAtLeastU()
+                && mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(context, KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION));
+        mDelayDestroySockets = mDeps.isFeatureNotChickenedOut(context, DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS);
+        mAllowSysUiConnectivityReports = mDeps.isFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                mContext, ALLOW_SYSUI_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTS);
         if (mDestroyFrozenSockets) {
             final UidFrozenStateChangedCallback frozenStateChangedCallback =
                     new UidFrozenStateChangedCallback() {
@@ -1859,6 +2029,8 @@
             activityManager.registerUidFrozenStateChangedCallback(
                     (Runnable r) -> r.run(), frozenStateChangedCallback);
         }
+        mIngressToVpnAddressFiltering = mDeps.isAtLeastT()
+                && mDeps.isFeatureNotChickenedOut(mContext, INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1961,6 +2133,18 @@
                 new Pair<>(network, proxyInfo)).sendToTarget();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Called when satellite network fallback uids at {@link SatelliteAccessController}
+     * cache was updated based on {@link
+     * android.app.role.OnRoleHoldersChangedListener#onRoleHoldersChanged(String, UserHandle)},
+     * to create multilayer request with preference order
+     * {@link #PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK} there on.
+     *
+     */
+    private void updateSatelliteNetworkPreferenceUids(Set<Integer> satelliteNetworkFallbackUids) {
+        handleSetSatelliteNetworkPreference(satelliteNetworkFallbackUids);
+    }
+
     private void handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(
             NetworkRequest networkRequest, String settingName, boolean defaultValue) {
         final boolean enable = toBool(Settings.Global.getInt(
@@ -2094,6 +2278,11 @@
         return nai;
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    private boolean hasInternetPermission(final int uid) {
+        return (mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(uid) & PERMISSION_INTERNET) != 0;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Check if UID should be blocked from using the specified network.
      */
@@ -2107,7 +2296,17 @@
         final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
         try {
             final boolean metered = nc == null ? true : nc.isMetered();
-            return mPolicyManager.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);
+            if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+                final boolean hasInternetPermission = hasInternetPermission(uid);
+                final boolean blockedByUidRules = mBpfNetMaps.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);
+                if (mDeps.isChangeEnabled(NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION, uid)) {
+                    return blockedByUidRules || !hasInternetPermission;
+                } else {
+                    return hasInternetPermission && blockedByUidRules;
+                }
+            } else {
+                return mPolicyManager.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);
+            }
         } finally {
             Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
         }
@@ -2185,7 +2384,7 @@
         final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForUid(uid);
         if (nai == null) return null;
-        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, false);
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, false /* ignoreBlocked */);
         maybeLogBlockedNetworkInfo(networkInfo, uid);
         return networkInfo;
     }
@@ -2476,7 +2675,7 @@
                 // Not the system, so it's an app requesting on its own behalf.
                 type = RequestType.RT_APP.getNumber();
             }
-            countPerType.put(type, countPerType.get(type, 0));
+            countPerType.put(type, countPerType.get(type, 0) + 1);
         }
         for (int i = countPerType.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
             final RequestCountForType.Builder r = RequestCountForType.newBuilder();
@@ -2580,7 +2779,7 @@
         Objects.requireNonNull(packageName);
         Objects.requireNonNull(lp);
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
-        if (!checkAccessPermission(-1 /* pid */, uid)) {
+        if (!hasAccessPermission(-1 /* pid */, uid)) {
             return null;
         }
         return linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(lp, -1 /* callerPid */, uid);
@@ -2616,7 +2815,7 @@
         Objects.requireNonNull(nc);
         Objects.requireNonNull(packageName);
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
-        if (!checkAccessPermission(-1 /* pid */, uid)) {
+        if (!hasAccessPermission(-1 /* pid */, uid)) {
             return null;
         }
         return createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
@@ -2627,11 +2826,18 @@
 
     private void redactUnderlyingNetworksForCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc, int pid, int uid) {
         if (nc.getUnderlyingNetworks() != null
-                && !checkNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission(pid, uid)) {
+                && !hasNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission(pid, uid)) {
             nc.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
         }
     }
 
+    private boolean canSeeAllowedUids(final int pid, final int uid, final int netOwnerUid) {
+        return Process.SYSTEM_UID == uid
+                || netOwnerUid == uid
+                || hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, pid, uid,
+                        android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY);
+    }
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
             NetworkCapabilities nc, int callerPid, int callerUid) {
@@ -2641,22 +2847,20 @@
         // it happens for some reason (e.g. the package is uninstalled while CS is trying to
         // send the callback) it would crash the system server with NPE.
         final NetworkCapabilities newNc = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
-        if (!checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+        if (!hasSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
             newNc.setUids(null);
             newNc.setSSID(null);
         }
         if (newNc.getNetworkSpecifier() != null) {
             newNc.setNetworkSpecifier(newNc.getNetworkSpecifier().redact());
         }
-        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext, callerPid, callerUid,
+        if (!hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, callerPid, callerUid,
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)) {
             newNc.setAdministratorUids(new int[0]);
         }
-        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
-                callerPid, callerUid, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)) {
+        if (!canSeeAllowedUids(callerPid, callerUid, newNc.getOwnerUid())) {
             newNc.setAllowedUids(new ArraySet<>());
-            newNc.setSubscriptionIds(Collections.emptySet());
         }
         redactUnderlyingNetworksForCapabilities(newNc, callerPid, callerUid);
 
@@ -2717,11 +2921,12 @@
          * Returns whether the app holds local mac address permission or not (might return cached
          * result if the permission was already checked before).
          */
+        @CheckResult
         public boolean hasLocalMacAddressPermission() {
             if (mHasLocalMacAddressPermission == null) {
                 // If there is no cached result, perform the check now.
-                mHasLocalMacAddressPermission =
-                        checkLocalMacAddressPermission(mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
+                mHasLocalMacAddressPermission = ConnectivityService.this
+                        .hasLocalMacAddressPermission(mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
             }
             return mHasLocalMacAddressPermission;
         }
@@ -2730,10 +2935,12 @@
          * Returns whether the app holds settings permission or not (might return cached
          * result if the permission was already checked before).
          */
+        @CheckResult
         public boolean hasSettingsPermission() {
             if (mHasSettingsPermission == null) {
                 // If there is no cached result, perform the check now.
-                mHasSettingsPermission = checkSettingsPermission(mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
+                mHasSettingsPermission =
+                        ConnectivityService.this.hasSettingsPermission(mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
             }
             return mHasSettingsPermission;
         }
@@ -2837,7 +3044,7 @@
             return new LinkProperties(lp);
         }
 
-        if (checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+        if (hasSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
             return new LinkProperties(lp, true /* parcelSensitiveFields */);
         }
 
@@ -2853,7 +3060,7 @@
             int callerUid, String callerPackageName) {
         // There is no need to track the effective UID of the request here. If the caller
         // lacks the settings permission, the effective UID is the same as the calling ID.
-        if (!checkSettingsPermission()) {
+        if (!hasSettingsPermission()) {
             // Unprivileged apps can only pass in null or their own UID.
             if (nc.getUids() == null) {
                 // If the caller passes in null, the callback will also match networks that do not
@@ -2881,6 +3088,23 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(NetworkCapabilities nc, int callingUid) {
+        if (mDeps.isChangeEnabled(ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK, callingUid)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // If NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK is not added to capability, request should not be
+        // satisfied by local networks.
+        if (!nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)) {
+            nc.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            int callingUid, String callerPackageName) {
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callerPackageName);
+        maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(nc, callingUid);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public @RestrictBackgroundStatus int getRestrictBackgroundStatusByCaller() {
         enforceAccessPermission();
@@ -2964,26 +3188,6 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private int getAppUid(final String app, final UserHandle user) {
-        final PackageManager pm =
-                mContext.createContextAsUser(user, 0 /* flags */).getPackageManager();
-        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
-        try {
-            return pm.getPackageUid(app, 0 /* flags */);
-        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
-            return -1;
-        } finally {
-            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void verifyCallingUidAndPackage(String packageName, int callingUid) {
-        final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(callingUid);
-        if (getAppUid(packageName, user) != callingUid) {
-            throw new SecurityException(packageName + " does not belong to uid " + callingUid);
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Ensure that a network route exists to deliver traffic to the specified
      * host via the specified network interface.
@@ -2999,7 +3203,8 @@
         if (disallowedBecauseSystemCaller()) {
             return false;
         }
-        verifyCallingUidAndPackage(callingPackageName, mDeps.getCallingUid());
+        PermissionUtils.enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(
+                mContext, mDeps.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName);
         enforceChangePermission(callingPackageName, callingAttributionTag);
         if (mProtectedNetworks.contains(networkType)) {
             enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(true /* checkUidsAllowedList */);
@@ -3153,14 +3358,38 @@
     private final NetworkPolicyCallback mPolicyCallback = new NetworkPolicyCallback() {
         @Override
         public void onUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
-            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_UID_BLOCKED_REASON_CHANGED,
-                    uid, blockedReasons));
+            if (shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Received unexpected NetworkPolicy callback");
+                return;
+            }
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_BLOCKED_REASONS_CHANGED,
+                    List.of(new Pair<>(uid, blockedReasons))));
         }
     };
 
-    private void handleUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
-        maybeNotifyNetworkBlockedForNewState(uid, blockedReasons);
-        setUidBlockedReasons(uid, blockedReasons);
+    private boolean shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks() {
+        return mDeps.isAtLeastV();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void handleBlockedReasonsChanged(List<Pair<Integer, Integer>> reasonsList) {
+        for (Pair<Integer, Integer> reasons: reasonsList) {
+            final int uid = reasons.first;
+            final int blockedReasons = reasons.second;
+            if (shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()) {
+                synchronized (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids) {
+                    if (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.get(uid) == 0) {
+                        // This uid is not tracked anymore.
+                        // This can happen if the network request is unregistered while
+                        // EVENT_BLOCKED_REASONS_CHANGED is posted but not processed yet.
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            maybeNotifyNetworkBlockedForNewState(uid, blockedReasons);
+            setUidBlockedReasons(uid, blockedReasons);
+        }
     }
 
     static final class UidFrozenStateChangedArgs {
@@ -3191,83 +3420,144 @@
         return !mNetworkActivityTracker.isDefaultNetworkActive();
     }
 
-    private void handleFrozenUids(int[] uids, int[] frozenStates) {
-        final ArraySet<Integer> ownerUids = new ArraySet<>();
+    private boolean shouldTrackFirewallDestroySocketReasons() {
+        return mDeps.isAtLeastV();
+    }
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < uids.length; i++) {
-            if (frozenStates[i] == UID_FROZEN_STATE_FROZEN) {
-                ownerUids.add(uids[i]);
-            } else {
-                mPendingFrozenUids.remove(uids[i]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (ownerUids.isEmpty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (mDelayDestroyFrozenSockets && isCellNetworkIdle()) {
-            // Delay closing sockets to avoid waking the cell modem up.
-            // Wi-Fi network state is not considered since waking Wi-Fi modem up is much cheaper
-            // than waking cell modem up.
-            mPendingFrozenUids.addAll(ownerUids);
+    private void updateDestroySocketReasons(final int uid, final int reason,
+            final boolean addReason) {
+        final int destroyReasons = mDestroySocketPendingUids.get(uid, DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_NONE);
+        if (addReason) {
+            mDestroySocketPendingUids.put(uid, destroyReasons | reason);
         } else {
-            try {
-                mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(ownerUids);
-            } catch (SocketException | InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
-                loge("Exception in socket destroy: " + e);
+            final int newDestroyReasons = destroyReasons & ~reason;
+            if (newDestroyReasons == DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_NONE) {
+                mDestroySocketPendingUids.delete(uid);
+            } else {
+                mDestroySocketPendingUids.put(uid, newDestroyReasons);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private void closePendingFrozenSockets() {
+    private void handleFrozenUids(int[] uids, int[] frozenStates) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        for (int i = 0; i < uids.length; i++) {
+            final int uid = uids[i];
+            final boolean addReason = frozenStates[i] == UID_FROZEN_STATE_FROZEN;
+            updateDestroySocketReasons(uid, DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_FROZEN, addReason);
+        }
+
+        if (!mDelayDestroySockets || !isCellNetworkIdle()) {
+            destroyPendingSockets();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleUpdateFirewallDestroySocketReasons(
+            List<Pair<Integer, Integer>> reasonsList) {
+        if (!shouldTrackFirewallDestroySocketReasons()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "handleUpdateFirewallDestroySocketReasons is called unexpectedly");
+            return;
+        }
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
 
-        try {
-            mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(mPendingFrozenUids);
-        } catch (SocketException | InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
-            loge("Failed to close pending frozen app sockets: " + e);
+        for (Pair<Integer, Integer> uidSocketDestroyReasons: reasonsList) {
+            final int uid = uidSocketDestroyReasons.first;
+            final int reasons = uidSocketDestroyReasons.second;
+            final boolean destroyByFirewallBackground =
+                    (reasons & DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_FIREWALL_BACKGROUND)
+                            != DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_NONE;
+            updateDestroySocketReasons(uid, DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_FIREWALL_BACKGROUND,
+                    destroyByFirewallBackground);
         }
-        mPendingFrozenUids.clear();
+
+        if (!mDelayDestroySockets || !isCellNetworkIdle()) {
+            destroyPendingSockets();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleClearFirewallDestroySocketReasons(final int reason) {
+        if (!shouldTrackFirewallDestroySocketReasons()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "handleClearFirewallDestroySocketReasons is called uexpectedly");
+            return;
+        }
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+
+        // Unset reason from all pending uids
+        for (int i = mDestroySocketPendingUids.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            final int uid = mDestroySocketPendingUids.keyAt(i);
+            updateDestroySocketReasons(uid, reason, false /* addReason */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void destroyPendingSockets() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        if (mDestroySocketPendingUids.size() == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Set<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mDestroySocketPendingUids.size(); i++) {
+            uids.add(mDestroySocketPendingUids.keyAt(i));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(uids);
+        } catch (SocketException | InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            loge("Failed to destroy sockets: " + e);
+        }
+        mDestroySocketPendingUids.clear();
     }
 
     private void handleReportNetworkActivity(final NetworkActivityParams params) {
         mNetworkActivityTracker.handleReportNetworkActivity(params);
 
-        if (mDelayDestroyFrozenSockets
-                && params.isActive
-                && params.label == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
-                && !mPendingFrozenUids.isEmpty()) {
-            closePendingFrozenSockets();
+        final boolean isCellNetworkActivity;
+        if (mTrackMultiNetworkActivities) {
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(params.label);
+            // nai could be null if netd receives a netlink message and calls the network
+            // activity change callback after the network is unregistered from ConnectivityService.
+            isCellNetworkActivity = nai != null
+                    && nai.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        } else {
+            isCellNetworkActivity = params.label == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+        }
+
+        if (mDelayDestroySockets && params.isActive && isCellNetworkActivity) {
+            destroyPendingSockets();
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * If the cellular network is no longer the default network, close pending frozen sockets.
+     * If the cellular network is no longer the default network, destroy pending sockets.
      *
      * @param newNetwork new default network
      * @param oldNetwork old default network
      */
-    private void maybeClosePendingFrozenSockets(NetworkAgentInfo newNetwork,
+    private void maybeDestroyPendingSockets(NetworkAgentInfo newNetwork,
             NetworkAgentInfo oldNetwork) {
         final boolean isOldNetworkCellular = oldNetwork != null
                 && oldNetwork.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         final boolean isNewNetworkCellular = newNetwork != null
                 && newNetwork.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
 
-        if (isOldNetworkCellular
-                && !isNewNetworkCellular
-                && !mPendingFrozenUids.isEmpty()) {
-            closePendingFrozenSockets();
+        if (isOldNetworkCellular && !isNewNetworkCellular) {
+            destroyPendingSockets();
         }
     }
 
-    private void dumpCloseFrozenAppSockets(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
-        pw.println("CloseFrozenAppSockets:");
+    private void dumpDestroySockets(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("DestroySockets:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
         pw.print("mDestroyFrozenSockets="); pw.println(mDestroyFrozenSockets);
-        pw.print("mDelayDestroyFrozenSockets="); pw.println(mDelayDestroyFrozenSockets);
-        pw.print("mPendingFrozenUids="); pw.println(mPendingFrozenUids);
+        pw.print("mDelayDestroySockets="); pw.println(mDelayDestroySockets);
+        pw.print("mDestroySocketPendingUids:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mDestroySocketPendingUids.size(); i++) {
+            final int uid = mDestroySocketPendingUids.keyAt(i);
+            final int reasons = mDestroySocketPendingUids.valueAt(i);
+            pw.print(uid + ": reasons=" + reasons);
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
         pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
 
@@ -3293,9 +3583,13 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final String KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION = "destroy_frozen_sockets_version";
+
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final String DELAY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION =
-            "delay_destroy_frozen_sockets_version";
+    public static final String ALLOW_SYSUI_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTS =
+            "allow_sysui_connectivity_reports";
+
+    public static final String ALLOW_SATALLITE_NETWORK_FALLBACK =
+            "allow_satallite_network_fallback";
 
     private void enforceInternetPermission() {
         mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
@@ -3309,7 +3603,8 @@
                 "ConnectivityService");
     }
 
-    private boolean checkAccessPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasAccessPermission(int pid, int uid) {
         return mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, pid, uid)
                 == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
     }
@@ -3395,7 +3690,8 @@
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
-    private boolean checkNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission(int pid, int uid) {
         return PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY, pid, uid)
                 || PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
@@ -3405,13 +3701,14 @@
                 || UserHandle.getAppId(uid) == Process.BLUETOOTH_UID;
     }
 
-    private boolean checkSettingsPermission() {
-        return PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasSettingsPermission() {
+        return hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
-    private boolean checkSettingsPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasSettingsPermission(int pid, int uid) {
         return PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, pid, uid)
                 || PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
@@ -3448,28 +3745,36 @@
                 "ConnectivityService");
     }
 
-    private boolean checkNetworkStackPermission() {
-        return PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasNetworkStackPermission() {
+        return hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
-    private boolean checkNetworkStackPermission(int pid, int uid) {
-        return checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext, pid, uid,
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasNetworkStackPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, pid, uid, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
-    private boolean checkNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(int pid, int uid) {
-        return checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext, pid, uid,
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasSystemBarServicePermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, pid, uid,
+                android.Manifest.permission.STATUS_BAR_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, pid, uid,
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS);
     }
 
-    private boolean checkConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(int callingUid,
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(int callingUid,
             boolean checkUidsAllowedList) {
-        if (PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
+        if (hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
                 android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS)) {
             return true;
         }
@@ -3477,8 +3782,7 @@
         // fallback to ConnectivityInternalPermission
         // TODO: Remove this fallback check after all apps have declared
         //  CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS.
-        if (PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
-                android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL)) {
+        if (hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext, android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL)) {
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -3492,7 +3796,7 @@
 
     private void enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(boolean checkUidsAllowedList) {
         final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
-        if (!checkConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(callingUid, checkUidsAllowedList)) {
+        if (!hasConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(callingUid, checkUidsAllowedList)) {
             throw new SecurityException("ConnectivityService: user " + callingUid
                     + " has no permission to access restricted network.");
         }
@@ -3502,7 +3806,8 @@
         mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(KeepaliveTracker.PERMISSION, "ConnectivityService");
     }
 
-    private boolean checkLocalMacAddressPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasLocalMacAddressPermission(int pid, int uid) {
         return PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS, pid, uid);
     }
@@ -3652,6 +3957,14 @@
             updateMobileDataPreferredUids();
         }
 
+        if (mSatelliteAccessController != null) {
+            mSatelliteAccessController.start();
+        }
+
+        if (mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator != null) {
+            mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.start();
+        }
+
         // On T+ devices, register callback for statsd to pull NETWORK_BPF_MAP_INFO atom
         if (mDeps.isAtLeastT()) {
             mBpfNetMaps.setPullAtomCallback(mContext);
@@ -3796,12 +4109,13 @@
     @Override
     protected void dump(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd, @NonNull PrintWriter writer,
             @Nullable String[] args) {
-        if (!checkDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, writer)) return;
+        if (!hasDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, writer)) return;
 
         mPriorityDumper.dump(fd, writer, args);
     }
 
-    private boolean checkDumpPermission(Context context, String tag, PrintWriter pw) {
+    @CheckResult
+    private boolean hasDumpPermission(Context context, String tag, PrintWriter pw) {
         if (context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP)
                 != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
             pw.println("Permission Denial: can't dump " + tag + " from from pid="
@@ -3829,6 +4143,12 @@
             boolean verbose = !CollectionUtils.contains(args, SHORT_ARG);
             dumpTrafficController(pw, fd, verbose);
             return;
+        } else if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, CLATEGRESS4RAWBPFMAP_ARG)) {
+            dumpClatBpfRawMap(pw, true /* isEgress4Map */);
+            return;
+        } else if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, CLATINGRESS6RAWBPFMAP_ARG)) {
+            dumpClatBpfRawMap(pw, false /* isEgress4Map */);
+            return;
         }
 
         pw.println("NetworkProviders for:");
@@ -3902,11 +4222,16 @@
         dumpAvoidBadWifiSettings(pw);
 
         pw.println();
-        dumpCloseFrozenAppSockets(pw);
+        dumpDestroySockets(pw);
 
         pw.println();
         dumpBpfProgramStatus(pw);
 
+        if (null != mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator) {
+            pw.println();
+            mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.dump(pw);
+        }
+
         pw.println();
 
         if (!CollectionUtils.contains(args, SHORT_ARG)) {
@@ -3967,6 +4292,13 @@
         pw.increaseIndent();
         mNetworkActivityTracker.dump(pw);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Multicast routing supported: " +
+                (mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService != null));
+
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Background firewall chain enabled: " + mBackgroundFirewallChainEnabled);
     }
 
     private void dumpNetworks(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
@@ -4076,6 +4408,15 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void dumpClatBpfRawMap(IndentingPrintWriter pw, boolean isEgress4Map) {
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : networksSortedById()) {
+            if (nai.clatd != null) {
+                nai.clatd.dumpRawBpfMap(pw, isEgress4Map);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private void dumpAllRequestInfoLogsToLogcat() {
         try (PrintWriter logPw = new PrintWriter(new Writer() {
             @Override
@@ -4744,7 +5085,7 @@
         // If the Private DNS mode is opportunistic, reprogram the DNS servers
         // in order to restart a validation pass from within netd.
         final PrivateDnsConfig cfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig();
-        if (cfg.useTls && TextUtils.isEmpty(cfg.hostname)) {
+        if (cfg.inOpportunisticMode()) {
             updateDnses(nai.linkProperties, null, nai.network.getNetId());
         }
     }
@@ -4952,6 +5293,11 @@
         if (wasDefault) {
             mDefaultInetConditionPublished = 0;
         }
+        if (mTrackMultiNetworkActivities) {
+            // If trackMultiNetworkActivities is disabled, ActivityTracker removes idleTimer when
+            // the network becomes no longer the default network.
+            mNetworkActivityTracker.removeDataActivityTracking(nai);
+        }
         notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
         // If this was a local network forwarded to some upstream, or if some local network was
         // forwarded to this nai, then disable forwarding rules now.
@@ -5005,13 +5351,8 @@
                 }
 
                 if (mDefaultRequest == nri) {
-                    // TODO : make battery stats aware that since 2013 multiple interfaces may be
-                    //  active at the same time. For now keep calling this with the default
-                    //  network, because while incorrect this is the closest to the old (also
-                    //  incorrect) behavior.
-                    mNetworkActivityTracker.updateDataActivityTracking(
-                            null /* newNetwork */, nai);
-                    maybeClosePendingFrozenSockets(null /* newNetwork */, nai);
+                    mNetworkActivityTracker.updateDefaultNetwork(null /* newNetwork */, nai);
+                    maybeDestroyPendingSockets(null /* newNetwork */, nai);
                     ensureNetworkTransitionWakelock(nai.toShortString());
                 }
             }
@@ -5116,9 +5457,12 @@
     private void removeLocalNetworkUpstream(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo localAgent,
             @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo upstream) {
         try {
+            final String localNetworkInterfaceName = localAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            final String upstreamNetworkInterfaceName = upstream.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
             mRoutingCoordinatorService.removeInterfaceForward(
-                    localAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName(),
-                    upstream.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                    localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                    upstreamNetworkInterfaceName);
+            disableMulticastRouting(localNetworkInterfaceName, upstreamNetworkInterfaceName);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             loge("Couldn't remove interface forward for "
                     + localAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName() + " to "
@@ -5168,6 +5512,7 @@
         // was is being disconnected the callbacks have already been sent, and if it is being
         // destroyed pending replacement they will be sent when it is disconnected.
         maybeDisableForwardRulesForDisconnectingNai(nai, false /* sendCallbacks */);
+        updateIngressToVpnAddressFiltering(null, nai.linkProperties, nai);
         try {
             mNetd.networkDestroy(nai.network.getNetId());
         } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
@@ -5223,12 +5568,19 @@
     private boolean hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCaps(final int callingUid,
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps) {
         if (mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator != null) {
-            return mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+            return mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                     callingUid, caps);
         }
         return false;
     }
 
+    private int getSubscriptionIdFromNetworkCaps(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps) {
+        if (mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator != null) {
+            return mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.getSubIdFromNetworkCapabilities(caps);
+        }
+        return SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+    }
+
     private void handleRegisterNetworkRequestWithIntent(@NonNull final Message msg) {
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = (NetworkRequestInfo) (msg.obj);
         // handleRegisterNetworkRequestWithIntent() doesn't apply to multilayer requests.
@@ -5265,6 +5617,8 @@
                             updateSignalStrengthThresholds(network, "REGISTER", req);
                         }
                     }
+                } else if (req.isRequest() && mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics != null) {
+                    mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(req);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -5275,6 +5629,12 @@
                 // If there is an active request, then for sure there is a satisfier.
                 nri.getSatisfier().addRequest(activeRequest);
             }
+
+            if (shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()
+                    && isAppRequest(nri)
+                    && !nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Registered nri is not tracked for sending blocked status: " + nri);
+            }
         }
 
         if (mFlags.noRematchAllRequestsOnRegister()) {
@@ -5474,6 +5834,11 @@
     }
 
     private void handleRemoveNetworkRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri, true /* untrackUids */);
+    }
+
+    private void handleRemoveNetworkRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+            final boolean untrackUids) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
         for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
             if (null == mNetworkRequests.remove(req)) {
@@ -5482,6 +5847,8 @@
             }
             if (req.isListen()) {
                 removeListenRequestFromNetworks(req);
+            } else if (req.isRequest() && mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics != null) {
+                mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(req);
             }
         }
         nri.unlinkDeathRecipient();
@@ -5506,7 +5873,9 @@
             }
         }
 
-        nri.mPerUidCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+        if (untrackUids) {
+            maybeUntrackUidAndClearBlockedReasons(nri);
+        }
         mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("RELEASE " + nri);
         checkNrisConsistency(nri);
 
@@ -5528,12 +5897,17 @@
     }
 
     private void handleRemoveNetworkRequests(@NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris) {
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequests(nris, true /* untrackUids */);
+    }
+
+    private void handleRemoveNetworkRequests(@NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris,
+            final boolean untrackUids) {
         for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : nris) {
             if (mDefaultRequest == nri) {
                 // Make sure we never remove the default request.
                 continue;
             }
-            handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri);
+            handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri, untrackUids);
         }
     }
 
@@ -5610,7 +5984,7 @@
     }
 
     private RequestInfoPerUidCounter getRequestCounter(NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
-        return checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
+        return hasAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
                 nri.mPid, nri.mUid, NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
                 ? mSystemNetworkRequestCounter : mNetworkRequestCounter;
     }
@@ -5834,7 +6208,15 @@
             if (nm == null) return;
 
             if (request == CaptivePortal.APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED) {
-                checkNetworkStackPermission();
+                // This enforceNetworkStackPermission() should be adopted to check
+                // the required permission but this may be break OEM captive portal
+                // apps. Simply ignore the request if the caller does not have
+                // permission.
+                if (!hasNetworkStackPermission()) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Calling appRequest() without proper permission. Skip");
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 nm.forceReevaluation(mDeps.getCallingUid());
             }
         }
@@ -5864,7 +6246,7 @@
      * @see MultinetworkPolicyTracker#getAvoidBadWifi()
      */
     public boolean shouldAvoidBadWifi() {
-        if (!checkNetworkStackPermission()) {
+        if (!hasNetworkStackPermission()) {
             throw new SecurityException("avoidBadWifi requires NETWORK_STACK permission");
         }
         return avoidBadWifi();
@@ -6265,8 +6647,8 @@
                     handlePrivateDnsValidationUpdate(
                             (PrivateDnsValidationUpdate) msg.obj);
                     break;
-                case EVENT_UID_BLOCKED_REASON_CHANGED:
-                    handleUidBlockedReasonChanged(msg.arg1, msg.arg2);
+                case EVENT_BLOCKED_REASONS_CHANGED:
+                    handleBlockedReasonsChanged((List) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 case EVENT_SET_REQUIRE_VPN_FOR_UIDS:
                     handleSetRequireVpnForUids(toBool(msg.arg1), (UidRange[]) msg.obj);
@@ -6315,6 +6697,12 @@
                     UidFrozenStateChangedArgs args = (UidFrozenStateChangedArgs) msg.obj;
                     handleFrozenUids(args.mUids, args.mFrozenStates);
                     break;
+                case EVENT_UPDATE_FIREWALL_DESTROY_SOCKET_REASONS:
+                    handleUpdateFirewallDestroySocketReasons((List) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_CLEAR_FIREWALL_DESTROY_SOCKET_REASONS:
+                    handleClearFirewallDestroySocketReasons(msg.arg1);
+                    break;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -7004,6 +7392,32 @@
         }
     };
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mDataSaverReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "data saver status should be updated from platform");
+            }
+            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+            switch (intent.getAction()) {
+                case ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED:
+                    // If the uid is present in the deny list, the API will consistently
+                    // return ENABLED. To retrieve the global switch status, the system
+                    // uid is chosen because it will never be included in the deny list.
+                    final int dataSaverForSystemUid =
+                            mPolicyManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus(Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+                    final boolean isDataSaverEnabled = (dataSaverForSystemUid
+                            != ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+                    mBpfNetMaps.setDataSaverEnabled(isDataSaverEnabled);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + intent.getAction());
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     private final HashMap<Messenger, NetworkProviderInfo> mNetworkProviderInfos = new HashMap<>();
     private final HashMap<NetworkRequest, NetworkRequestInfo> mNetworkRequests = new HashMap<>();
 
@@ -7105,6 +7519,11 @@
         // maximum limit of registered callbacks per UID.
         final int mAsUid;
 
+        // Flag to indicate that uid of this nri is tracked for sending blocked status callbacks.
+        // It is always true on V+ if mMessenger != null. As such, it's not strictly necessary.
+        // it's used only as a safeguard to avoid double counting or leaking.
+        boolean mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus;
+
         // Preference order of this request.
         final int mPreferenceOrder;
 
@@ -7154,7 +7573,6 @@
             mUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
             mAsUid = asUid;
             mPerUidCounter = getRequestCounter(this);
-            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             /**
              * Location sensitive data not included in pending intent. Only included in
              * {@link NetworkCallback}.
@@ -7188,7 +7606,6 @@
             mAsUid = asUid;
             mPendingIntent = null;
             mPerUidCounter = getRequestCounter(this);
-            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             mCallbackFlags = callbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
             mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
@@ -7228,9 +7645,9 @@
             mAsUid = nri.mAsUid;
             mPendingIntent = nri.mPendingIntent;
             mPerUidCounter = nri.mPerUidCounter;
-            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             mCallbackFlags = nri.mCallbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = nri.mCallingAttributionTag;
+            mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus = nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus;
             mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
             linkDeathRecipient();
         }
@@ -7318,7 +7735,8 @@
                     + " " + mRequests
                     + (mPendingIntent == null ? "" : " to trigger " + mPendingIntent)
                     + " callback flags: " + mCallbackFlags
-                    + " order: " + mPreferenceOrder;
+                    + " order: " + mPreferenceOrder
+                    + " isUidTracked: " + mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus;
         }
     }
 
@@ -7358,20 +7776,16 @@
     // specific SSID/SignalStrength, or the calling app has permission to do so.
     private void ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(NetworkCapabilities nc,
             int callerPid, int callerUid, String callerPackageName) {
-        if (null != nc.getSsid() && !checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+        if (null != nc.getSsid() && !hasSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
             throw new SecurityException("Insufficient permissions to request a specific SSID");
         }
 
         if (nc.hasSignalStrength()
-                && !checkNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+                && !hasNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
             throw new SecurityException(
                     "Insufficient permissions to request a specific signal strength");
         }
         mAppOpsManager.checkPackage(callerUid, callerPackageName);
-
-        if (!nc.getSubscriptionIds().isEmpty()) {
-            enforceNetworkFactoryPermission();
-        }
     }
 
     private int[] getSignalStrengthThresholds(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
@@ -7461,7 +7875,7 @@
             int reqTypeInt, Messenger messenger, int timeoutMs, final IBinder binder,
             int legacyType, int callbackFlags, @NonNull String callingPackageName,
             @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
-        if (legacyType != TYPE_NONE && !checkNetworkStackPermission()) {
+        if (legacyType != TYPE_NONE && !hasNetworkStackPermission()) {
             if (isTargetSdkAtleast(Build.VERSION_CODES.M, mDeps.getCallingUid(),
                     callingPackageName)) {
                 throw new SecurityException("Insufficient permissions to specify legacy type");
@@ -7505,10 +7919,12 @@
                 //  the state of the app when the request is filed, but we never change the
                 //  request if the app changes network state. http://b/29964605
                 enforceMeteredApnPolicy(networkCapabilities);
+                maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(networkCapabilities, callingUid);
                 break;
             case LISTEN_FOR_BEST:
                 enforceAccessPermission();
                 networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+                maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(networkCapabilities, callingUid);
                 break;
             default:
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported request type " + reqType);
@@ -7535,13 +7951,6 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad timeout specified");
         }
 
-        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(networkCapabilities, legacyType,
-                nextNetworkRequestId(), reqType);
-        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = getNriToRegister(
-                asUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
-                callingAttributionTag);
-        if (DBG) log("requestNetwork for " + nri);
-
         // For TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT callbacks, the capabilities have been modified since they were
         // copied from the default request above. (This is necessary to ensure, for example, that
         // the callback does not leak sensitive information to unprivileged apps.) Check that the
@@ -7553,7 +7962,13 @@
                     + networkCapabilities + " vs. " + defaultNc);
         }
 
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST, nri));
+        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(networkCapabilities, legacyType,
+                nextNetworkRequestId(), reqType);
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = getNriToRegister(
+                asUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
+                callingAttributionTag);
+        if (DBG) log("requestNetwork for " + nri);
+        trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST, nri);
         if (timeoutMs > 0) {
             mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_TIMEOUT_NETWORK_REQUEST,
                     nri), timeoutMs);
@@ -7595,7 +8010,7 @@
         final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(callingUid);
         // Only run the check if the change is enabled.
         if (!mDeps.isChangeEnabled(
-                ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_SELF_CERTIFIED_CAPABILITIES_DECLARATION,
+                ENABLE_SELF_CERTIFIED_CAPABILITIES_DECLARATION,
                 callingPackageName, user)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -7607,7 +8022,7 @@
     }
 
     private void enforceRequestCapabilitiesDeclaration(@NonNull final String callerPackageName,
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, int callingUid) {
         // This check is added to fix the linter error for "current min is 30", which is not going
         // to happen because Connectivity service always run in S+.
         if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
@@ -7621,7 +8036,9 @@
                 applicationNetworkCapabilities = mSelfCertifiedCapabilityCache.get(
                         callerPackageName);
                 if (applicationNetworkCapabilities == null) {
-                    final PackageManager packageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+                    final PackageManager packageManager =
+                            mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(
+                                    callingUid), 0 /* flags */).getPackageManager();
                     final PackageManager.Property networkSliceProperty = packageManager.getProperty(
                             ConstantsShim.PROPERTY_SELF_CERTIFIED_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES,
                             callerPackageName
@@ -7649,19 +8066,34 @@
         applicationNetworkCapabilities.enforceSelfCertifiedNetworkCapabilitiesDeclared(
                 networkCapabilities);
     }
+
+    private boolean canRequestRestrictedNetworkDueToCarrierPrivileges(
+            NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, int callingUid) {
+        if (mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled) {
+            // For U+ devices, callers with carrier privilege could request restricted networks
+            // with CBS capabilities, or any restricted WiFi networks.
+            return ((networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
+                || networkCapabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+                && hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCaps(callingUid, networkCapabilities));
+        } else {
+            // For T+ devices, callers with carrier privilege could request with CBS
+            // capabilities.
+            return (networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
+                && hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCaps(callingUid, networkCapabilities));
+        }
+    }
     private void enforceNetworkRequestPermissions(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag, final int callingUid) {
         if (shouldCheckCapabilitiesDeclaration(networkCapabilities, callingUid,
                 callingPackageName)) {
-            enforceRequestCapabilitiesDeclaration(callingPackageName, networkCapabilities);
+            enforceRequestCapabilitiesDeclaration(callingPackageName, networkCapabilities,
+                    callingUid);
         }
-        if (networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED) == false) {
-            // For T+ devices, callers with carrier privilege could request with CBS capabilities.
-            if (networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
-                    && hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCaps(callingUid, networkCapabilities)) {
-                return;
+        if (!networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)) {
+            if (!canRequestRestrictedNetworkDueToCarrierPrivileges(
+                    networkCapabilities, callingUid)) {
+                enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(true /* checkUidsAllowedList */);
             }
-            enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(true /* checkUidsAllowedList */);
         } else {
             enforceChangePermission(callingPackageName, callingAttributionTag);
         }
@@ -7706,6 +8138,13 @@
             // Policy already enforced.
             return;
         }
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            if (mBpfNetMaps.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {
+                // If UID is restricted, don't allow them to bring up metered APNs.
+                networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
         final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
         try {
             if (mPolicyManager.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {
@@ -7730,16 +8169,15 @@
         ensureRequestableCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
         ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
                 Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(networkCapabilities,
-                callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(
+                networkCapabilities, callingUid, callingPackageName);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(networkCapabilities, TYPE_NONE,
                 nextNetworkRequestId(), NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST);
         NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, networkRequest, operation,
                 callingAttributionTag);
         if (DBG) log("pendingRequest for " + nri);
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT,
-                nri));
+        trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT, nri);
         return networkRequest;
     }
 
@@ -7778,6 +8216,77 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    private boolean isAppRequest(NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        return nri.mMessenger != null || nri.mPendingIntent != null;
+    }
+
+    private void trackUidAndMaybePostCurrentBlockedReason(final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        if (!isAppRequest(nri)) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "trackUidAndMaybePostCurrentBlockedReason is called for non app"
+                    + "request: " + nri);
+            return;
+        }
+        nri.mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(nri.mUid);
+
+        // If nri.mMessenger is null, this nri does not have NetworkCallback so ConnectivityService
+        // does not need to send onBlockedStatusChanged callback for this uid and does not need to
+        // track the uid in mBlockedStatusTrackingUids
+        if (!shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks() || nri.mMessenger == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Nri is already tracked for sending blocked status: " + nri);
+            return;
+        }
+        nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus = true;
+        synchronized (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids) {
+            final int uid = nri.mAsUid;
+            final int count = mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.get(uid, 0);
+            if (count == 0) {
+                mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_BLOCKED_REASONS_CHANGED,
+                        List.of(new Pair<>(uid, mBpfNetMaps.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid)))));
+            }
+            mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.put(uid, count + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(final int event, NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        // Post the update of the UID's blocked reasons before posting the message that registers
+        // the callback. This is necessary because if the callback immediately matches a request,
+        // the onBlockedStatusChanged must be called with the correct blocked reasons.
+        // Also, once trackUidAndMaybePostCurrentBlockedReason is called, the register network
+        // request event must be posted, because otherwise the counter for uid will never be
+        // decremented.
+        trackUidAndMaybePostCurrentBlockedReason(nri);
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(event, nri));
+    }
+
+    private void maybeUntrackUidAndClearBlockedReasons(final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        if (!isAppRequest(nri)) {
+            // Not an app request.
+            return;
+        }
+        nri.mPerUidCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+
+        if (!shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks() || nri.mMessenger == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Nri is not tracked for sending blocked status: " + nri);
+            return;
+        }
+        nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus = false;
+        synchronized (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids) {
+            final int count = mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.get(nri.mAsUid);
+            if (count > 1) {
+                mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.put(nri.mAsUid, count - 1);
+            } else {
+                mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.delete(nri.mAsUid);
+                mUidBlockedReasons.delete(nri.mAsUid);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public NetworkRequest listenForNetwork(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             Messenger messenger, IBinder binder,
@@ -7791,7 +8300,7 @@
         NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
         ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
                 Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
         // Apps without the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't use background networks, so
         // make all their listens include NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND. That way, they will get
         // onLost and onAvailable callbacks when networks move in and out of the background.
@@ -7807,7 +8316,7 @@
                         callingAttributionTag);
         if (VDBG) log("listenForNetwork for " + nri);
 
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER, nri));
+        trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER, nri);
         return networkRequest;
     }
 
@@ -7824,7 +8333,7 @@
         ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
                 Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(nc, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(),
                 NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN);
@@ -7832,8 +8341,7 @@
                 callingAttributionTag);
         if (VDBG) log("pendingListenForNetwork for " + nri);
 
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
-                    EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER_WITH_INTENT, nri));
+        trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER_WITH_INTENT, nri);
     }
 
     /** Returns the next Network provider ID. */
@@ -8455,6 +8963,8 @@
         // new interface (the interface name -> index map becomes initialized)
         updateVpnFiltering(newLp, oldLp, networkAgent);
 
+        updateIngressToVpnAddressFiltering(newLp, oldLp, networkAgent);
+
         updateMtu(newLp, oldLp);
         // TODO - figure out what to do for clat
 //        for (LinkProperties lp : newLp.getStackedLinks()) {
@@ -8746,6 +9256,87 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns ingress discard rules to drop packets to VPN addresses ingressing via non-VPN
+     * interfaces.
+     * Ingress discard rule is added to the address iff
+     *   1. The address is not a link local address
+     *   2. The address is used by a single VPN interface and not used by any other
+     *      interfaces even non-VPN ones
+     * This method can be called during network disconnects, when nai has already been removed from
+     * mNetworkAgentInfos.
+     *
+     * @param nai This method generates rules assuming lp of this nai is the lp at the second
+     *            argument.
+     * @param lp  This method generates rules assuming lp of nai at the first argument is this lp.
+     *            Caller passes old lp to generate old rules and new lp to generate new rules.
+     * @return    ingress discard rules. Set of pairs of addresses and interface names
+     */
+    private Set<Pair<InetAddress, String>> generateIngressDiscardRules(
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai, @Nullable final LinkProperties lp) {
+        Set<NetworkAgentInfo> nais = new ArraySet<>(mNetworkAgentInfos);
+        nais.add(nai);
+        // Determine how many networks each IP address is currently configured on.
+        // Ingress rules are added only for IP addresses that are configured on single interface.
+        final Map<InetAddress, Integer> addressOwnerCounts = new ArrayMap<>();
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo agent : nais) {
+            if (agent.isDestroyed()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final LinkProperties agentLp = (nai == agent) ? lp : agent.linkProperties;
+            if (agentLp == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (final InetAddress addr: agentLp.getAllAddresses()) {
+                addressOwnerCounts.put(addr, addressOwnerCounts.getOrDefault(addr, 0) + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Iterates all networks instead of only generating rule for nai that was passed in since
+        // lp of the nai change could cause/resolve address collision and result in affecting rule
+        // for different network.
+        final Set<Pair<InetAddress, String>> ingressDiscardRules = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo agent : nais) {
+            if (!agent.isVPN() || agent.isDestroyed()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final LinkProperties agentLp = (nai == agent) ? lp : agent.linkProperties;
+            if (agentLp == null || agentLp.getInterfaceName() == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (final InetAddress addr: agentLp.getAllAddresses()) {
+                if (addressOwnerCounts.get(addr) == 1 && !addr.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+                    ingressDiscardRules.add(new Pair<>(addr, agentLp.getInterfaceName()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ingressDiscardRules;
+    }
+
+    private void updateIngressToVpnAddressFiltering(@Nullable LinkProperties newLp,
+            @Nullable LinkProperties oldLp, @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // Having isAtleastT to avoid NewApi linter error (b/303382209)
+        if (!mIngressToVpnAddressFiltering || !mDeps.isAtLeastT()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final CompareOrUpdateResult<InetAddress, Pair<InetAddress, String>> ruleDiff =
+                new CompareOrUpdateResult<>(
+                        generateIngressDiscardRules(nai, oldLp),
+                        generateIngressDiscardRules(nai, newLp),
+                        (rule) -> rule.first);
+        for (Pair<InetAddress, String> rule: ruleDiff.removed) {
+            mBpfNetMaps.removeIngressDiscardRule(rule.first);
+        }
+        for (Pair<InetAddress, String> rule: ruleDiff.added) {
+            mBpfNetMaps.setIngressDiscardRule(rule.first, rule.second);
+        }
+        // setIngressDiscardRule overrides the existing rule
+        for (Pair<InetAddress, String> rule: ruleDiff.updated) {
+            mBpfNetMaps.setIngressDiscardRule(rule.first, rule.second);
+        }
+    }
+
     private void updateWakeOnLan(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
         if (mWolSupportedInterfaces == null) {
             mWolSupportedInterfaces = new ArraySet<>(mResources.get().getStringArray(
@@ -8928,6 +9519,43 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void handleUidCarrierPrivilegesLost(int uid, int subId) {
+        if (!mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        // A NetworkRequest needs to be revoked when all the conditions are met
+        //   1. It requests restricted network
+        //   2. The requestor uid matches the uid with the callback
+        //   3. The app doesn't have Carrier Privileges
+        //   4. The app doesn't have permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS
+        for (final NetworkRequest nr : mNetworkRequests.keySet()) {
+            if (nr.isRequest()
+                    && !nr.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                    && nr.getRequestorUid() == uid
+                    && getSubscriptionIdFromNetworkCaps(nr.networkCapabilities) == subId
+                    && !hasConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(uid, true)) {
+                declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(nr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // A NetworkAgent's allowedUids may need to be updated if the app has lost
+        // carrier config
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (nai.networkCapabilities.getAllowedUidsNoCopy().contains(uid)
+                    && getSubscriptionIdFromNetworkCaps(nai.networkCapabilities) == subId) {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(nai.networkCapabilities);
+                NetworkAgentInfo.restrictCapabilitiesFromNetworkAgent(
+                        nc,
+                        uid,
+                        false /* hasAutomotiveFeature (irrelevant) */,
+                        mDeps,
+                        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator);
+                updateCapabilities(nai.getScore(), nai, nc);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Update the NetworkCapabilities for {@code nai} to {@code nc}. Specifically:
      *
@@ -9005,6 +9633,71 @@
         updateCapabilities(nai.getScore(), nai, nai.networkCapabilities);
     }
 
+    private void maybeApplyMulticastRoutingConfig(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            final LocalNetworkConfig oldConfig,
+            final LocalNetworkConfig newConfig) {
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig oldUpstreamConfig =
+                oldConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        oldConfig.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig oldDownstreamConfig =
+                oldConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        oldConfig.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig newUpstreamConfig =
+                newConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        newConfig.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig newDownstreamConfig =
+                newConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        newConfig.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+
+        if (oldUpstreamConfig.equals(newUpstreamConfig) &&
+            oldDownstreamConfig.equals(newDownstreamConfig)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final String downstreamNetworkName = nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+        final LocalNetworkInfo lni = localNetworkInfoForNai(nai);
+        final Network upstreamNetwork = lni.getUpstreamNetwork();
+
+        if (upstreamNetwork != null) {
+            final String upstreamNetworkName =
+                    getLinkProperties(upstreamNetwork).getInterfaceName();
+            applyMulticastRoutingConfig(downstreamNetworkName, upstreamNetworkName, newConfig);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void applyMulticastRoutingConfig(@NonNull String localNetworkInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull String upstreamNetworkInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull final LocalNetworkConfig config) {
+        if (mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService == null) {
+            if (config.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig().getForwardingMode() != FORWARD_NONE ||
+                config.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig().getForwardingMode() != FORWARD_NONE) {
+                loge("Multicast routing is not supported, failed to configure " + config
+                        + " for " + localNetworkInterfaceName + " to "
+                        +  upstreamNetworkInterfaceName);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, config.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig());
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig
+                (upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                        config.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig());
+    }
+
+    private void disableMulticastRouting(@NonNull String localNetworkInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull String upstreamNetworkInterfaceName) {
+        if (mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE);
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig
+                (upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                        MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE);
+    }
+
     // oldConfig is null iff this is the original registration of the local network config
     private void handleUpdateLocalNetworkConfig(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
             @Nullable final LocalNetworkConfig oldConfig,
@@ -9014,8 +9707,10 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Update local network config " + nai.network.netId + " : " + newConfig);
+        }
         final LocalNetworkConfig.Builder configBuilder = new LocalNetworkConfig.Builder();
-        // TODO : apply the diff for multicast routing.
         configBuilder.setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(
                 newConfig.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig());
         configBuilder.setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(
@@ -9074,6 +9769,7 @@
             configBuilder.setUpstreamSelector(oldRequest);
             nai.localNetworkConfig = configBuilder.build();
         }
+        maybeApplyMulticastRoutingConfig(nai, oldConfig, newConfig);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -9307,7 +10003,6 @@
         final ArraySet<Integer> toAdd = new ArraySet<>(newUids);
         toRemove.removeAll(newUids);
         toAdd.removeAll(prevUids);
-
         try {
             if (!toAdd.isEmpty()) {
                 mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
@@ -9628,8 +10323,8 @@
         if (oldDefaultNetwork != null) {
             mLingerMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(oldDefaultNetwork, newDefaultNetwork);
         }
-        mNetworkActivityTracker.updateDataActivityTracking(newDefaultNetwork, oldDefaultNetwork);
-        maybeClosePendingFrozenSockets(newDefaultNetwork, oldDefaultNetwork);
+        mNetworkActivityTracker.updateDefaultNetwork(newDefaultNetwork, oldDefaultNetwork);
+        maybeDestroyPendingSockets(newDefaultNetwork, oldDefaultNetwork);
         mProxyTracker.setDefaultProxy(null != newDefaultNetwork
                 ? newDefaultNetwork.linkProperties.getHttpProxy() : null);
         resetHttpProxyForNonDefaultNetwork(oldDefaultNetwork);
@@ -10051,6 +10746,50 @@
         // Process default network changes if applicable.
         processDefaultNetworkChanges(changes);
 
+        // Update forwarding rules for the upstreams of local networks. Do this before sending
+        // onAvailable so that by the time onAvailable is sent the forwarding rules are set up.
+        // Don't send CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED yet though : they should be sent after
+        // onAvailable so clients know what network the change is about. Store such changes in
+        // an array that's only allocated if necessary (because it's almost never necessary).
+        ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> localInfoChangedAgents = null;
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (!nai.isLocalNetwork()) continue;
+            final NetworkRequest nr = nai.localNetworkConfig.getUpstreamSelector();
+            if (null == nr) continue; // No upstream for this local network
+            final NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(nr);
+            final NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment change = changes.getReassignment(nri);
+            if (null == change) continue; // No change in upstreams for this network
+            final String fromIface = nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            if (!hasSameInterfaceName(change.mOldNetwork, change.mNewNetwork)
+                    || change.mOldNetwork.isDestroyed()) {
+                // There can be a change with the same interface name if the new network is the
+                // replacement for the old network that was unregisteredAfterReplacement.
+                try {
+                    if (null != change.mOldNetwork) {
+                        mRoutingCoordinatorService.removeInterfaceForward(fromIface,
+                                change.mOldNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                        disableMulticastRouting(fromIface,
+                                change.mOldNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                    }
+                    // If the new upstream is already destroyed, there is no point in setting up
+                    // a forward (in fact, it might forward to the interface for some new network !)
+                    // Later when the upstream disconnects CS will try to remove the forward, which
+                    // is ignored with a benign log by RoutingCoordinatorService.
+                    if (null != change.mNewNetwork && !change.mNewNetwork.isDestroyed()) {
+                        mRoutingCoordinatorService.addInterfaceForward(fromIface,
+                                change.mNewNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                        applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIface,
+                                change.mNewNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName(),
+                                nai.localNetworkConfig);
+                    }
+                } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+                    loge("Can't update forwarding rules", e);
+                }
+            }
+            if (null == localInfoChangedAgents) localInfoChangedAgents = new ArrayList<>();
+            localInfoChangedAgents.add(nai);
+        }
+
         // Notify requested networks are available after the default net is switched, but
         // before LegacyTypeTracker sends legacy broadcasts
         for (final NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment event :
@@ -10099,38 +10838,12 @@
             notifyNetworkLosing(nai, now);
         }
 
-        // Update forwarding rules for the upstreams of local networks. Do this after sending
-        // onAvailable so that clients understand what network this is about.
-        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
-            if (!nai.isLocalNetwork()) continue;
-            final NetworkRequest nr = nai.localNetworkConfig.getUpstreamSelector();
-            if (null == nr) continue; // No upstream for this local network
-            final NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(nr);
-            final NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment change = changes.getReassignment(nri);
-            if (null == change) continue; // No change in upstreams for this network
-            final String fromIface = nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
-            if (!hasSameInterfaceName(change.mOldNetwork, change.mNewNetwork)
-                    || change.mOldNetwork.isDestroyed()) {
-                // There can be a change with the same interface name if the new network is the
-                // replacement for the old network that was unregisteredAfterReplacement.
-                try {
-                    if (null != change.mOldNetwork) {
-                        mRoutingCoordinatorService.removeInterfaceForward(fromIface,
-                                change.mOldNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
-                    }
-                    // If the new upstream is already destroyed, there is no point in setting up
-                    // a forward (in fact, it might forward to the interface for some new network !)
-                    // Later when the upstream disconnects CS will try to remove the forward, which
-                    // is ignored with a benign log by RoutingCoordinatorService.
-                    if (null != change.mNewNetwork && !change.mNewNetwork.isDestroyed()) {
-                        mRoutingCoordinatorService.addInterfaceForward(fromIface,
-                                change.mNewNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
-                    }
-                } catch (final RemoteException e) {
-                    loge("Can't update forwarding rules", e);
-                }
+        // Send LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED callbacks now that onAvailable and onLost have been sent.
+        if (null != localInfoChangedAgents) {
+            for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : localInfoChangedAgents) {
+                notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai,
+                        ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED);
             }
-            notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED);
         }
 
         updateLegacyTypeTrackerAndVpnLockdownForRematch(changes, nais);
@@ -10528,6 +11241,15 @@
                     SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), mNascentDelayMs);
             networkAgent.setInactive();
 
+            if (mTrackMultiNetworkActivities) {
+                // Start tracking activity of this network.
+                // This must be called before rematchAllNetworksAndRequests since the network
+                // should be tracked when the network becomes the default network.
+                // This method does not trigger any callbacks or broadcasts. Callbacks or broadcasts
+                // can be triggered later if this network becomes the default network.
+                mNetworkActivityTracker.setupDataActivityTracking(networkAgent);
+            }
+
             // Consider network even though it is not yet validated.
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
 
@@ -10574,7 +11296,7 @@
         final boolean metered = nai.networkCapabilities.isMetered();
         final boolean vpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
         callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
-                getBlockedState(blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked));
+                getBlockedState(nri.mAsUid, blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked));
     }
 
     // Notify the requests on this NAI that the network is now lingered.
@@ -10583,7 +11305,21 @@
         notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING, lingerTime);
     }
 
-    private static int getBlockedState(int reasons, boolean metered, boolean vpnBlocked) {
+    private int getPermissionBlockedState(final int uid, final int reasons) {
+        // Before V, the blocked reasons come from NPMS, and that code already behaves as if the
+        // change was disabled: apps without the internet permission will never be told they are
+        // blocked.
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastV()) return reasons;
+
+        if (hasInternetPermission(uid)) return reasons;
+
+        return mDeps.isChangeEnabled(NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION, uid)
+                ? reasons | BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED
+                : BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+    }
+
+    private int getBlockedState(int uid, int reasons, boolean metered, boolean vpnBlocked) {
+        reasons = getPermissionBlockedState(uid, reasons);
         if (!metered) reasons &= ~BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
         return vpnBlocked
                 ? reasons | BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN
@@ -10624,8 +11360,10 @@
                     ? isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, newBlockedUidRanges)
                     : oldVpnBlocked;
 
-            final int oldBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, oldMetered, oldVpnBlocked);
-            final int newBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, newMetered, newVpnBlocked);
+            final int oldBlockedState = getBlockedState(
+                    nri.mAsUid, blockedReasons, oldMetered, oldVpnBlocked);
+            final int newBlockedState = getBlockedState(
+                    nri.mAsUid, blockedReasons, newMetered, newVpnBlocked);
             if (oldBlockedState != newBlockedState) {
                 callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED,
                         newBlockedState);
@@ -10644,8 +11382,9 @@
             final boolean vpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(uid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
 
             final int oldBlockedState = getBlockedState(
-                    mUidBlockedReasons.get(uid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE), metered, vpnBlocked);
-            final int newBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked);
+                    uid, mUidBlockedReasons.get(uid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE), metered, vpnBlocked);
+            final int newBlockedState =
+                    getBlockedState(uid, blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked);
             if (oldBlockedState == newBlockedState) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -10926,17 +11665,28 @@
                 err.getFileDescriptor(), args);
     }
 
-    private Boolean parseBooleanArgument(final String arg) {
-        if ("true".equals(arg)) {
-            return true;
-        } else if ("false".equals(arg)) {
-            return false;
-        } else {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
     private class ShellCmd extends BasicShellCommandHandler {
+
+        private Boolean parseBooleanArgument(final String arg) {
+            if ("true".equals(arg)) {
+                return true;
+            } else if ("false".equals(arg)) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                getOutPrintWriter().println("Invalid boolean argument: " + arg);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Integer parseIntegerArgument(final String arg) {
+            try {
+                return Integer.valueOf(arg);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException ne) {
+                getOutPrintWriter().println("Invalid integer argument: " + arg);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
         @Override
         public int onCommand(String cmd) {
             if (cmd == null) {
@@ -11013,6 +11763,38 @@
                         }
                         return 0;
                     }
+                    case "set-background-networking-enabled-for-uid": {
+                        final Integer uid = parseIntegerArgument(getNextArg());
+                        final Boolean enabled = parseBooleanArgument(getNextArg());
+                        if (null == enabled || null == uid) {
+                            onHelp();
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                        final int rule = enabled ? FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW : FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT;
+                        setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, rule);
+                        final String msg = (enabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
+                                + " background networking for  uid " + uid;
+                        Log.i(TAG, msg);
+                        pw.println(msg);
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    case "get-background-networking-enabled-for-uid": {
+                        final Integer uid = parseIntegerArgument(getNextArg());
+                        if (null == uid) {
+                            onHelp();
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                        final int rule = getUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid);
+                        if (FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW == rule) {
+                            pw.println(uid + ": allow");
+                        } else if (FIREWALL_RULE_DENY == rule  || FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT == rule) {
+                            pw.println(uid + ": deny");
+                        } else {
+                            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                                    "Unknown rule " + rule + " for uid " + uid);
+                        }
+                        return 0;
+                    }
                     case "reevaluate":
                         // Usage : adb shell cmd connectivity reevaluate <netId>
                         // If netId is omitted, then reevaluate the default network
@@ -11073,6 +11855,10 @@
                     + "    no effect if the chain is disabled.");
             pw.println("  get-package-networking-enabled [package name]");
             pw.println("    Get the deny bit in FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3 for package.");
+            pw.println("  set-background-networking-enabled-for-uid [uid] [true|false]");
+            pw.println("    Set the allow bit in FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND for the given uid.");
+            pw.println("  get-background-networking-enabled-for-uid [uid]");
+            pw.println("    Get the allow bit in FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND for the given uid.");
         }
     }
 
@@ -11113,7 +11899,7 @@
 
         // Connection owner UIDs are visible only to the network stack and to the VpnService-based
         // VPN, if any, that applies to the UID that owns the connection.
-        if (checkNetworkStackPermission()) return uid;
+        if (hasNetworkStackPermission()) return uid;
 
         final NetworkAgentInfo vpn = getVpnForUid(uid);
         if (vpn == null || getVpnType(vpn) != VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE
@@ -11373,7 +12159,7 @@
             if (report == null) {
                 continue;
             }
-            if (!checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+            if (!hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                     nri.mPid, nri.mUid, nai, cbInfo.mCallingPackageName)) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -11536,7 +12322,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if (!checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+            if (!hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                     nri.mPid, nri.mUid, nai, cbInfo.mCallingPackageName)) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -11580,10 +12366,15 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    @CheckResult
     @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+    boolean hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
             int callbackPid, int callbackUid, NetworkAgentInfo nai, String callbackPackageName) {
-        if (checkNetworkStackPermission(callbackPid, callbackUid)) {
+        if (hasNetworkStackPermission(callbackPid, callbackUid)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (mAllowSysUiConnectivityReports
+                && hasSystemBarServicePermission(callbackPid, callbackUid)) {
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -11617,7 +12408,7 @@
         // This NetworkCapabilities is only used for matching to Networks. Clear out its owner uid
         // and administrator uids to be safe.
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(request.networkCapabilities);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
 
         final NetworkRequest requestWithId =
                 new NetworkRequest(
@@ -11629,6 +12420,7 @@
         // handleRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(). nri will be cleaned up as part of the
         // callback's binder death.
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, requestWithId);
+        nri.mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(nri.mUid);
         final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo cbInfo =
                 new ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo(callback, nri, callingPackageName);
 
@@ -11715,8 +12507,8 @@
      */
     private static final class NetworkActivityParams {
         public final boolean isActive;
-        // Label used for idle timer. Transport type is used as label.
-        // label is int since NMS was using the identifier as int, and it has not been changed
+        // If TrackMultiNetworkActivities is enabled, idleTimer label is netid.
+        // If TrackMultiNetworkActivities is disabled, idleTimer label is transport type.
         public final int label;
         public final long timestampNs;
         // Uid represents the uid that was responsible for waking the radio.
@@ -11758,13 +12550,15 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private final boolean mTrackMultiNetworkActivities;
     private final LegacyNetworkActivityTracker mNetworkActivityTracker;
 
     /**
      * Class used for updating network activity tracking with netd and notify network activity
      * changes.
      */
-    private static final class LegacyNetworkActivityTracker {
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final class LegacyNetworkActivityTracker {
         private static final int NO_UID = -1;
         private final Context mContext;
         private final INetd mNetd;
@@ -11776,8 +12570,14 @@
         // If there is no default network, default network is considered active to keep the existing
         // behavior. Initial value is used until first connect to the default network.
         private volatile boolean mIsDefaultNetworkActive = true;
+        private Network mDefaultNetwork;
         // Key is netId. Value is configured idle timer information.
         private final SparseArray<IdleTimerParams> mActiveIdleTimers = new SparseArray<>();
+        private final boolean mTrackMultiNetworkActivities;
+        // Store netIds of Wi-Fi networks whose idletimers report that they are active
+        private final Set<Integer> mActiveWifiNetworks = new ArraySet<>();
+        // Store netIds of cellular networks whose idletimers report that they are active
+        private final Set<Integer> mActiveCellularNetworks = new ArraySet<>();
 
         private static class IdleTimerParams {
             public final int timeout;
@@ -11790,10 +12590,11 @@
         }
 
         LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull INetd netd,
-                @NonNull Handler handler) {
+                @NonNull Handler handler, boolean trackMultiNetworkActivities) {
             mContext = context;
             mNetd = netd;
             mHandler = handler;
+            mTrackMultiNetworkActivities = trackMultiNetworkActivities;
         }
 
         private void ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread() {
@@ -11803,19 +12604,97 @@
             }
         }
 
-        public void handleReportNetworkActivity(NetworkActivityParams activityParams) {
-            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        /**
+         * Update network activity and call BatteryStats to update radio power state if the
+         * mobile or Wi-Fi activity is changed.
+         * LegacyNetworkActivityTracker considers the mobile network is active if at least one
+         * mobile network is active since BatteryStatsService only maintains a single power state
+         * for the mobile network.
+         * The Wi-Fi network is also the same.
+         *
+         * {@link #setupDataActivityTracking} and {@link #removeDataActivityTracking} use
+         * TRANSPORT_CELLULAR as the transportType argument if the network has both cell and Wi-Fi
+         * transports.
+         */
+        private void maybeUpdateRadioPowerState(final int netId, final int transportType,
+                final boolean isActive, final int uid) {
+            if (transportType != TRANSPORT_WIFI && transportType != TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected transportType in maybeUpdateRadioPowerState: "
+                        + transportType);
+                return;
+            }
+            final Set<Integer> activeNetworks = transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI
+                    ? mActiveWifiNetworks : mActiveCellularNetworks;
+
+            final boolean wasEmpty = activeNetworks.isEmpty();
+            if (isActive) {
+                activeNetworks.add(netId);
+            } else {
+                activeNetworks.remove(netId);
+            }
+
+            if (wasEmpty != activeNetworks.isEmpty()) {
+                updateRadioPowerState(isActive, transportType, uid);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void handleDefaultNetworkActivity(final int transportType,
+                final boolean isActive, final long timestampNs) {
+            mIsDefaultNetworkActive = isActive;
+            sendDataActivityBroadcast(transportTypeToLegacyType(transportType),
+                    isActive, timestampNs);
+            if (isActive) {
+                reportNetworkActive();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void handleReportNetworkActivityWithNetIdLabel(
+                NetworkActivityParams activityParams) {
+            final int netId = activityParams.label;
+            final IdleTimerParams idleTimerParams = mActiveIdleTimers.get(netId);
+            if (idleTimerParams == null) {
+                // This network activity change is not tracked anymore
+                // This can happen if netd callback post activity change event message but idle
+                // timer is removed before processing this message.
+                return;
+            }
+            // TODO: if a network changes transports, storing the transport type in the
+            // IdleTimerParams is not correct. Consider getting it from the network's
+            // NetworkCapabilities instead.
+            final int transportType = idleTimerParams.transportType;
+            maybeUpdateRadioPowerState(netId, transportType,
+                    activityParams.isActive, activityParams.uid);
+
+            if (mDefaultNetwork == null || mDefaultNetwork.netId != netId) {
+                // This activity change is not for the default network.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            handleDefaultNetworkActivity(transportType, activityParams.isActive,
+                    activityParams.timestampNs);
+        }
+
+        private void handleReportNetworkActivityWithTransportTypeLabel(
+                NetworkActivityParams activityParams) {
             if (mActiveIdleTimers.size() == 0) {
                 // This activity change is not for the current default network.
                 // This can happen if netd callback post activity change event message but
                 // the default network is lost before processing this message.
                 return;
             }
-            sendDataActivityBroadcast(transportTypeToLegacyType(activityParams.label),
-                    activityParams.isActive, activityParams.timestampNs);
-            mIsDefaultNetworkActive = activityParams.isActive;
-            if (mIsDefaultNetworkActive) {
-                reportNetworkActive();
+            handleDefaultNetworkActivity(activityParams.label, activityParams.isActive,
+                    activityParams.timestampNs);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Handle network activity change
+         */
+        public void handleReportNetworkActivity(NetworkActivityParams activityParams) {
+            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+            if (mTrackMultiNetworkActivities) {
+                handleReportNetworkActivityWithNetIdLabel(activityParams);
+            } else {
+                handleReportNetworkActivityWithTransportTypeLabel(activityParams);
             }
         }
 
@@ -11872,6 +12751,30 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Get idle timer label
+         */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public static int getIdleTimerLabel(final boolean trackMultiNetworkActivities,
+                final int netId, final int transportType) {
+            return trackMultiNetworkActivities ? netId : transportType;
+        }
+
+        private boolean maybeCreateIdleTimer(
+                String iface, int netId, int timeout, int transportType) {
+            if (timeout <= 0 || iface == null) return false;
+            try {
+                final String label = Integer.toString(getIdleTimerLabel(
+                        mTrackMultiNetworkActivities, netId, transportType));
+                mNetd.idletimerAddInterface(iface, timeout, label);
+                mActiveIdleTimers.put(netId, new IdleTimerParams(timeout, transportType));
+                return true;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                loge("Exception in createIdleTimer", e);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Setup data activity tracking for the given network.
          *
          * Every {@code setupDataActivityTracking} should be paired with a
@@ -11880,13 +12783,17 @@
          * @return true if the idleTimer is added to the network, false otherwise
          */
         private boolean setupDataActivityTracking(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
+            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
             final String iface = networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
             final int netId = networkAgent.network().netId;
 
             final int timeout;
             final int type;
 
-            if (networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(
+            if (!networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)) {
+                // Do not track VPN network.
+                return false;
+            } else if (networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(
                     NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
                 timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                         ConnectivitySettingsManager.DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE,
@@ -11902,25 +12809,21 @@
                 return false; // do not track any other networks
             }
 
-            updateRadioPowerState(true /* isActive */, type);
-
-            if (timeout > 0 && iface != null) {
-                try {
-                    mActiveIdleTimers.put(netId, new IdleTimerParams(timeout, type));
-                    mNetd.idletimerAddInterface(iface, timeout, Integer.toString(type));
-                    return true;
-                } catch (Exception e) {
-                    // You shall not crash!
-                    loge("Exception in setupDataActivityTracking " + e);
-                }
+            final boolean hasIdleTimer = maybeCreateIdleTimer(iface, netId, timeout, type);
+            if (hasIdleTimer || !mTrackMultiNetworkActivities) {
+                // If trackMultiNetwork is disabled, NetworkActivityTracker updates radio power
+                // state in all cases. If trackMultiNetwork is enabled, it updates radio power
+                // state only about a network that has an idletimer.
+                maybeUpdateRadioPowerState(netId, type, true /* isActive */, NO_UID);
             }
-            return false;
+            return hasIdleTimer;
         }
 
         /**
          * Remove data activity tracking when network disconnects.
          */
-        private void removeDataActivityTracking(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
+        public void removeDataActivityTracking(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
+            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
             final String iface = networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
             final int netId = networkAgent.network().netId;
             final NetworkCapabilities caps = networkAgent.networkCapabilities;
@@ -11928,7 +12831,10 @@
             if (iface == null) return;
 
             final int type;
-            if (caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            if (!networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)) {
+                // Do not track VPN network.
+                return;
+            } else if (caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
                 type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
             } else if (caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
                 type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
@@ -11937,16 +12843,17 @@
             }
 
             try {
-                updateRadioPowerState(false /* isActive */, type);
+                maybeUpdateRadioPowerState(netId, type, false /* isActive */, NO_UID);
                 final IdleTimerParams params = mActiveIdleTimers.get(netId);
                 if (params == null) {
                     // IdleTimer is not added if the configured timeout is 0 or negative value
                     return;
                 }
                 mActiveIdleTimers.remove(netId);
-                // The call fails silently if no idle timer setup for this interface
-                mNetd.idletimerRemoveInterface(iface, params.timeout,
-                        Integer.toString(params.transportType));
+                final String label = Integer.toString(getIdleTimerLabel(
+                        mTrackMultiNetworkActivities, netId, params.transportType));
+                        // The call fails silently if no idle timer setup for this interface
+                mNetd.idletimerRemoveInterface(iface, params.timeout, label);
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 // You shall not crash!
                 loge("Exception in removeDataActivityTracking " + e);
@@ -11956,12 +12863,15 @@
         private void updateDefaultNetworkActivity(NetworkAgentInfo defaultNetwork,
                 boolean hasIdleTimer) {
             if (defaultNetwork != null) {
+                mDefaultNetwork = defaultNetwork.network();
                 mIsDefaultNetworkActive = true;
-                // Callbacks are called only when the network has the idle timer.
-                if (hasIdleTimer) {
+                // If only the default network is tracked, callbacks are called only when the
+                // network has the idle timer.
+                if (mTrackMultiNetworkActivities || hasIdleTimer) {
                     reportNetworkActive();
                 }
             } else {
+                mDefaultNetwork = null;
                 // If there is no default network, default network is considered active to keep the
                 // existing behavior.
                 mIsDefaultNetworkActive = true;
@@ -11969,29 +12879,34 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Update data activity tracking when network state is updated.
+         * Update the default network this class tracks the activity of.
          */
-        public void updateDataActivityTracking(NetworkAgentInfo newNetwork,
+        public void updateDefaultNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo newNetwork,
                 NetworkAgentInfo oldNetwork) {
             ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+            // If TrackMultiNetworkActivities is enabled, devices add idleTimer when the network is
+            // first connected and remove when the network is disconnected.
+            // If TrackMultiNetworkActivities is disabled, devices add idleTimer when the network
+            // becomes the default network and remove when the network becomes no longer the default
+            // network.
             boolean hasIdleTimer = false;
-            if (newNetwork != null) {
+            if (!mTrackMultiNetworkActivities && newNetwork != null) {
                 hasIdleTimer = setupDataActivityTracking(newNetwork);
             }
             updateDefaultNetworkActivity(newNetwork, hasIdleTimer);
-            if (oldNetwork != null) {
+            if (!mTrackMultiNetworkActivities && oldNetwork != null) {
                 removeDataActivityTracking(oldNetwork);
             }
         }
 
-        private void updateRadioPowerState(boolean isActive, int transportType) {
+        private void updateRadioPowerState(boolean isActive, int transportType, int uid) {
             final BatteryStatsManager bs = mContext.getSystemService(BatteryStatsManager.class);
             switch (transportType) {
                 case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
-                    bs.reportMobileRadioPowerState(isActive, NO_UID);
+                    bs.reportMobileRadioPowerState(isActive, uid);
                     break;
                 case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI:
-                    bs.reportWifiRadioPowerState(isActive, NO_UID);
+                    bs.reportWifiRadioPowerState(isActive, uid);
                     break;
                 default:
                     logw("Untracked transport type:" + transportType);
@@ -12011,7 +12926,9 @@
         }
 
         public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+            pw.print("mTrackMultiNetworkActivities="); pw.println(mTrackMultiNetworkActivities);
             pw.print("mIsDefaultNetworkActive="); pw.println(mIsDefaultNetworkActive);
+            pw.print("mDefaultNetwork="); pw.println(mDefaultNetwork);
             pw.println("Idle timers:");
             try {
                 for (int i = 0; i < mActiveIdleTimers.size(); i++) {
@@ -12020,11 +12937,13 @@
                     pw.print("    timeout="); pw.print(params.timeout);
                     pw.print(" type="); pw.println(params.transportType);
                 }
+                pw.println("WiFi active networks: " + mActiveWifiNetworks);
+                pw.println("Cellular active networks: " + mActiveCellularNetworks);
             } catch (Exception e) {
-                // mActiveIdleTimers should only be accessed from handler thread, except dump().
-                // As dump() is never called in normal usage, it would be needlessly expensive
-                // to lock the collection only for its benefit.
-                // Also, mActiveIdleTimers is not expected to be updated frequently.
+                // mActiveIdleTimers, mActiveWifiNetworks, and mActiveCellularNetworks should only
+                // be accessed from handler thread, except dump(). As dump() is never called in
+                // normal usage, it would be needlessly expensive to lock the collection only for
+                // its benefit. Also, they are not expected to be updated frequently.
                 // So catching the exception and logging.
                 pw.println("Failed to dump NetworkActivityTracker: " + e);
             }
@@ -12097,8 +13016,8 @@
         if (um.isManagedProfile(profile.getIdentifier())) {
             return true;
         }
-        if (mDeps.isAtLeastT() && dpm.getDeviceOwner() != null) return true;
-        return false;
+
+        return mDeps.isAtLeastT() && dpm.getDeviceOwnerComponentOnAnyUser() != null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -12322,16 +13241,27 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     @NonNull
-    ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(
-            @NonNull final Set<Integer> uids) {
+    ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createNrisForPreferenceOrder(@NonNull final Set<Integer> uids,
+            @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> requests,
+            final int preferenceOrder) {
         final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris = new ArraySet<>();
         if (uids.size() == 0) {
             // Should not create NetworkRequestInfo if no preferences. Without uid range in
             // NetworkRequestInfo, makeDefaultForApps() would treat it as a illegal NRI.
-            if (DBG) log("Don't create NetworkRequestInfo because no preferences");
             return nris;
         }
 
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final int uid : uids) {
+            ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
+        }
+        setNetworkRequestUids(requests, ranges);
+        nris.add(new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), requests, preferenceOrder));
+        return nris;
+    }
+
+    ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(
+            @NonNull final Set<Integer> uids) {
         final List<NetworkRequest> requests = new ArrayList<>();
         // The NRI should be comprised of two layers:
         // - The request for the mobile network preferred.
@@ -12340,14 +13270,28 @@
                 TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
         requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
                 TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
-        for (final int uid : uids) {
-            ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
-        }
-        setNetworkRequestUids(requests, ranges);
-        nris.add(new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), requests,
-                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED));
-        return nris;
+        return createNrisForPreferenceOrder(uids, requests, PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED
+        );
+    }
+
+    ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(
+            @NonNull final Set<Integer> uids) {
+        final List<NetworkRequest> requests = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // request: track default(unrestricted internet network)
+        requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
+
+        // request: restricted Satellite internet
+        final NetworkCapabilities cap = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)
+                .build();
+        requests.add(createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, cap));
+
+        return createNrisForPreferenceOrder(uids, requests, PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK);
     }
 
     private void handleMobileDataPreferredUidsChanged() {
@@ -12359,6 +13303,16 @@
         rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
     }
 
+    private void handleSetSatelliteNetworkPreference(
+            @NonNull final Set<Integer> satelliteNetworkPreferredUids) {
+        removeDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK);
+        addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests(
+                createMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(satelliteNetworkPreferredUids)
+        );
+        // Finally, rematch.
+        rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+    }
+
     private void handleIngressRateLimitChanged() {
         final long oldIngressRateLimit = mIngressRateLimit;
         mIngressRateLimit = ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(
@@ -12561,7 +13515,20 @@
         final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate =
                 getPerAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate();
         final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nrisToRegister = new ArraySet<>(nris);
-        handleRemoveNetworkRequests(perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate);
+        // This method does not need to modify perUidCounter and mBlockedStatusTrackingUids because:
+        // - |nris| only contains per-app network requests created by ConnectivityService which
+        //    are internal requests and have no messenger and are not associated with any callbacks,
+        //    and so do not need to be tracked in perUidCounter and mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.
+        // - The requests in perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate are removed, modified, and re-added,
+        //   but the same number of requests is removed and re-added, and none of the requests
+        //   changes mUid and mAsUid, so the perUidCounter and mBlockedStatusTrackingUids before
+        //   and after this method remains the same. Re-adding the requests does not modify
+        //   perUidCounter and mBlockedStatusTrackingUids (that is done when the app registers the
+        //   request), so removing them must not modify perUidCounter and mBlockedStatusTrackingUids
+        //   either.
+        // TODO(b/341228979): Modify nris in place instead of removing them and re-adding them
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequests(perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate,
+                false /* untrackUids */);
         nrisToRegister.addAll(
                 createPerAppCallbackRequestsToRegister(perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate));
         handleRegisterNetworkRequests(nrisToRegister);
@@ -12782,7 +13749,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     @Override
     public void setDataSaverEnabled(final boolean enable) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
@@ -12796,40 +13763,17 @@
             throw new IllegalStateException(e);
         }
 
-        try {
-            mBpfNetMaps.setDataSaverEnabled(enable);
-        } catch (ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set data saver " + enable + " : " + e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
-        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
-
-        try {
-            if (add) {
-                mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(uid);
-            } else {
-                mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(uid);
+        synchronized (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids) {
+            try {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setDataSaverEnabled(enable);
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException | UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set data saver " + enable + " : " + e);
+                return;
             }
-        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
-        }
-    }
 
-    @Override
-    public void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
-        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
-
-        try {
-            if (add) {
-                mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(uid);
-            } else {
-                mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(uid);
+            if (shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()) {
+                updateTrackingUidsBlockedReasons();
             }
-        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -12852,6 +13796,12 @@
     public void setUidFirewallRule(final int chain, final int uid, final int rule) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
 
+        if (chain == FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND && !mBackgroundFirewallChainEnabled) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Ignoring operation setUidFirewallRule on the background chain because the"
+                    + " feature is disabled.");
+            return;
+        }
+
         // There are only two type of firewall rule: FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW or FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
         int firewallRule = getFirewallRuleType(chain, rule);
 
@@ -12859,10 +13809,20 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("setUidFirewallRule with invalid rule: " + rule);
         }
 
-        try {
-            mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(chain, uid, firewallRule);
-        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        synchronized (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids) {
+            try {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(chain, uid, firewallRule);
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+            if (shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()
+                    && mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.get(uid, 0) != 0) {
+                mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_BLOCKED_REASONS_CHANGED,
+                        List.of(new Pair<>(uid, mBpfNetMaps.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid)))));
+            }
+            if (shouldTrackFirewallDestroySocketReasons()) {
+                maybePostFirewallDestroySocketReasons(chain, Set.of(uid));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -12886,12 +13846,16 @@
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN:
                 defaultRule = FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
                 break;
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW:
                 defaultRule = FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -12902,31 +13866,71 @@
         return rule;
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    private Set<Integer> getUidsOnFirewallChain(final int chain) throws ErrnoException {
+        if (BpfNetMapsUtils.isFirewallAllowList(chain)) {
+            return mBpfNetMaps.getUidsWithAllowRuleOnAllowListChain(chain);
+        } else {
+            return mBpfNetMaps.getUidsWithDenyRuleOnDenyListChain(chain);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private void closeSocketsForFirewallChainLocked(final int chain)
             throws ErrnoException, SocketException, InterruptedIOException {
+        final Set<Integer> uidsOnChain = getUidsOnFirewallChain(chain);
         if (BpfNetMapsUtils.isFirewallAllowList(chain)) {
             // Allowlist means the firewall denies all by default, uids must be explicitly allowed
             // So, close all non-system socket owned by uids that are not explicitly allowed
             Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
             ranges.add(new Range<>(Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID, Integer.MAX_VALUE));
-            final Set<Integer> exemptUids = mBpfNetMaps.getUidsWithAllowRuleOnAllowListChain(chain);
-            mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSockets(ranges, exemptUids);
+            mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSockets(ranges, uidsOnChain /* exemptUids */);
         } else {
             // Denylist means the firewall allows all by default, uids must be explicitly denied
             // So, close socket owned by uids that are explicitly denied
-            final Set<Integer> ownerUids = mBpfNetMaps.getUidsWithDenyRuleOnDenyListChain(chain);
-            mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(ownerUids);
+            mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(uidsOnChain /* ownerUids */);
         }
     }
 
+    private void maybePostClearFirewallDestroySocketReasons(int chain) {
+        if (chain != FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND) {
+            // TODO (b/300681644): Support other firewall chains
+            return;
+        }
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_CLEAR_FIREWALL_DESTROY_SOCKET_REASONS,
+                DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_FIREWALL_BACKGROUND, 0 /* arg2 */));
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void setFirewallChainEnabled(final int chain, final boolean enable) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
 
-        try {
-            mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(chain, enable);
-        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        if (chain == FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND && !mBackgroundFirewallChainEnabled) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Ignoring operation setFirewallChainEnabled on the background chain because"
+                    + " the feature is disabled.");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+            // Metered chains are used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables
+            // and can not be controlled by setFirewallChainEnabled.
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Chain (" + chain + ") can not be controlled by setFirewallChainEnabled");
+        }
+
+        synchronized (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids) {
+            try {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(chain, enable);
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+            if (shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()) {
+                updateTrackingUidsBlockedReasons();
+            }
+            if (shouldTrackFirewallDestroySocketReasons() && !enable) {
+                // Clear destroy socket reasons so that CS does not destroy sockets of apps that
+                // have network access.
+                maybePostClearFirewallDestroySocketReasons(chain);
+            }
         }
 
         if (mDeps.isAtLeastU() && enable) {
@@ -12938,10 +13942,58 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    @GuardedBy("mBlockedStatusTrackingUids")
+    private void updateTrackingUidsBlockedReasons() {
+        if (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.size() == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, Integer>> uidBlockedReasonsList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.size(); i++) {
+            final int uid = mBlockedStatusTrackingUids.keyAt(i);
+            uidBlockedReasonsList.add(
+                    new Pair<>(uid, mBpfNetMaps.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid)));
+        }
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_BLOCKED_REASONS_CHANGED,
+                uidBlockedReasonsList));
+    }
+
+    private int getFirewallDestroySocketReasons(final int blockedReasons) {
+        int destroySocketReasons = DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_NONE;
+        if ((blockedReasons & BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND) != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE) {
+            destroySocketReasons |= DESTROY_SOCKET_REASON_FIREWALL_BACKGROUND;
+        }
+        return destroySocketReasons;
+    }
+
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    @GuardedBy("mBlockedStatusTrackingUids")
+    private void maybePostFirewallDestroySocketReasons(int chain, Set<Integer> uids) {
+        if (chain != FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND) {
+            // TODO (b/300681644): Support other firewall chains
+            return;
+        }
+        final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, Integer>> reasonsList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int uid: uids) {
+            final int blockedReasons = mBpfNetMaps.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid);
+            final int destroySocketReaons = getFirewallDestroySocketReasons(blockedReasons);
+            reasonsList.add(new Pair<>(uid, destroySocketReaons));
+        }
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_UPDATE_FIREWALL_DESTROY_SOCKET_REASONS,
+                reasonsList));
+    }
+
     @Override
     public boolean getFirewallChainEnabled(final int chain) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
 
+        if (METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+            // Metered chains are used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables
+            // and can not be controlled by setFirewallChainEnabled.
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "getFirewallChainEnabled can not return status of chain (" + chain + ")");
+        }
+
         return mBpfNetMaps.isChainEnabled(chain);
     }
 
@@ -12949,7 +14001,37 @@
     public void replaceFirewallChain(final int chain, final int[] uids) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
 
-        mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain(chain, uids);
+        if (chain == FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND && !mBackgroundFirewallChainEnabled) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Ignoring operation replaceFirewallChain on the background chain because"
+                    + " the feature is disabled.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (mBlockedStatusTrackingUids) {
+            // replaceFirewallChain removes uids that are currently on the chain and put |uids| on
+            // the chain.
+            // So this method could change blocked reasons of uids that are currently on chain +
+            // |uids|.
+            final Set<Integer> affectedUids = new ArraySet<>();
+            if (shouldTrackFirewallDestroySocketReasons()) {
+                try {
+                    affectedUids.addAll(getUidsOnFirewallChain(chain));
+                } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get uids on chain(" + chain + "): " + e);
+                }
+                for (final int uid: uids) {
+                    affectedUids.add(uid);
+                }
+            }
+
+            mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain(chain, uids);
+            if (shouldTrackUidsForBlockedStatusCallbacks()) {
+                updateTrackingUidsBlockedReasons();
+            }
+            if (shouldTrackFirewallDestroySocketReasons()) {
+                maybePostFirewallDestroySocketReasons(chain, affectedUids);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/NetIdManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/NetIdManager.java
index 61925c8..27b6b9b 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/NetIdManager.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/NetIdManager.java
@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@
  * Class used to reserve and release net IDs.
  *
  * <p>Instances of this class are thread-safe.
+ *
+ * NetIds are currently 16 bits long and consume 16 bits in the fwmark.
+ * The reason they are large is that applications might get confused if the netId counter
+ * wraps - for example, Network#equals would return true for a current network
+ * and a long-disconnected network.
+ * We could in theory fix this by splitting the identifier in two, e.g., a 24-bit generation
+ * counter and an 8-bit netId. Java Network objects would be constructed from the full 32-bit
+ * number, but only the 8-bit number would be used by netd and the fwmark.
+ * We'd have to fix all code that assumes that it can take a netId or a mark and construct
+ * a Network object from it.
  */
 public class NetIdManager {
     // Sequence number for Networks; keep in sync with system/netd/NetworkController.cpp
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ServiceManagerWrapper.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ServiceManagerWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d99f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ServiceManagerWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ServiceManager;
+
+/** Provides a way to access {@link ServiceManager#waitForService} API. */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+public final class ServiceManagerWrapper {
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+    }
+
+    private ServiceManagerWrapper() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the specified service from the service manager.
+     *
+     * If the service is not running, service manager will attempt to start it, and this function
+     * will wait for it to be ready.
+     *
+     * @return {@code null} only if there are permission problems or fatal errors
+     */
+    public static IBinder waitForService(String serviceName) {
+        return nativeWaitForService(serviceName);
+    }
+
+    private static native IBinder nativeWaitForService(String serviceName);
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
index bba132f..31108fc 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_SNDTIMEO;
 
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_DONE;
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCKDIAG_MSG_HEADER_SIZE;
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.IO_TIMEOUT_MS;
 
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -88,6 +85,7 @@
  */
 public class AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker {
     private static final String TAG = "AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker";
+    private static final boolean DBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
     private static final int[] ADDRESS_FAMILIES = new int[] {AF_INET6, AF_INET};
     private static final long LOW_TCP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS = 1_000L;
     private static final int ADJUST_TCP_POLLING_DELAY_MS = 2000;
@@ -771,7 +769,8 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isAnyTcpSocketConnectedForFamily(FileDescriptor fd, int family, int networkMark,
-            int networkMask) throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException {
+            int networkMask)
+            throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
         // Build SocketDiag messages and cache it.
         if (mSockDiagMsg.get(family) == null) {
@@ -789,22 +788,18 @@
 
             try {
                 while (NetlinkUtils.enoughBytesRemainForValidNlMsg(bytes)) {
-                    final int startPos = bytes.position();
+                    // NetlinkMessage.parse() will move the byte buffer position.
+                    // TODO: Parse dst address information to filter socket.
+                    final NetlinkMessage nlMsg = NetlinkMessage.parse(
+                            bytes, OsConstants.NETLINK_INET_DIAG);
+                    if (!(nlMsg instanceof InetDiagMessage)) {
+                        if (DBG) Log.e(TAG, "Not a SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY msg");
+                        return false;
+                    }
 
-                    final int nlmsgLen = bytes.getInt();
-                    final int nlmsgType = bytes.getShort();
-                    if (isEndOfMessageOrError(nlmsgType)) return false;
-                    // TODO: Parse InetDiagMessage to get uid and dst address information to filter
-                    //  socket via NetlinkMessage.parse.
-
-                    // Skip the header to move to data part.
-                    bytes.position(startPos + SOCKDIAG_MSG_HEADER_SIZE);
-
-                    if (isTargetTcpSocket(bytes, nlmsgLen, networkMark, networkMask)) {
-                        if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG)) {
-                            bytes.position(startPos);
-                            final InetDiagMessage diagMsg = (InetDiagMessage) NetlinkMessage.parse(
-                                    bytes, OsConstants.NETLINK_INET_DIAG);
+                    final InetDiagMessage diagMsg = (InetDiagMessage) nlMsg;
+                    if (isTargetTcpSocket(diagMsg, networkMark, networkMask)) {
+                        if (DBG) {
                             Log.d(TAG, String.format("Found open TCP connection by uid %d to %s"
                                             + " cookie %d",
                                     diagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_uid,
@@ -829,26 +824,20 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private boolean isEndOfMessageOrError(int nlmsgType) {
-        return nlmsgType == NLMSG_DONE || nlmsgType != SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY;
-    }
-
-    private boolean isTargetTcpSocket(@NonNull ByteBuffer bytes, int nlmsgLen, int networkMark,
-            int networkMask) {
-        final int mark = readSocketDataAndReturnMark(bytes, nlmsgLen);
+    private boolean isTargetTcpSocket(@NonNull InetDiagMessage diagMsg,
+            int networkMark, int networkMask) {
+        final int mark = readSocketDataAndReturnMark(diagMsg);
         return (mark & networkMask) == networkMark;
     }
 
-    private int readSocketDataAndReturnMark(@NonNull ByteBuffer bytes, int nlmsgLen) {
-        final int nextMsgOffset = bytes.position() + nlmsgLen - SOCKDIAG_MSG_HEADER_SIZE;
+    private int readSocketDataAndReturnMark(@NonNull InetDiagMessage diagMsg) {
         int mark = NetlinkUtils.INIT_MARK_VALUE;
         // Get socket mark
-        // TODO: Add a parsing method in NetlinkMessage.parse to support this to skip the remaining
-        //  data.
-        while (bytes.position() < nextMsgOffset) {
-            final StructNlAttr nlattr = StructNlAttr.parse(bytes);
-            if (nlattr != null && nlattr.nla_type == NetlinkUtils.INET_DIAG_MARK) {
-                mark = nlattr.getValueAsInteger();
+        for (StructNlAttr attr : diagMsg.nlAttrs) {
+            if (attr.nla_type == NetlinkUtils.INET_DIAG_MARK) {
+                // The netlink attributes should contain only one INET_DIAG_MARK for each socket.
+                mark = attr.getValueAsInteger();
+                break;
             }
         }
         return mark;
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
index ab7b1a7..f5fa4fb 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.CARRIER_SERVICE_CHANGED_USE_CALLBACK;
 
@@ -31,26 +32,31 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TransportInfo;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.util.Log;
-import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.modules.utils.HandlerExecutor;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.TelephonyManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.TelephonyManagerShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
-import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 /**
  * Tracks the uid of the carrier privileged app that provides the carrier config.
@@ -67,7 +73,8 @@
     private final TelephonyManagerShim mTelephonyManagerShim;
     private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
-    private final SparseIntArray mCarrierServiceUid = new SparseIntArray(2 /* initialCapacity */);
+    private final SparseArray<CarrierServiceUidWithSubId> mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId =
+            new SparseArray<>(2 /* initialCapacity */);
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
     private int mModemCount = 0;
     private final Object mLock = new Object();
@@ -75,46 +82,94 @@
     @NonNull
     private final List<PrivilegeListener> mCarrierPrivilegesChangedListeners = new ArrayList<>();
     private final boolean mUseCallbacksForServiceChanged;
+    private final boolean mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled;
+    @NonNull
+    private final BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> mListener;
 
     public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(@NonNull final Context c,
-            @NonNull final ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps,
+            @NonNull final Dependencies deps,
             @NonNull final TelephonyManager t,
-            @NonNull final TelephonyManagerShim telephonyManagerShim) {
+            @NonNull final TelephonyManagerShim telephonyManagerShim,
+            final boolean requestRestrictedWifiEnabled,
+            @NonNull BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> listener,
+            @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceHandler) {
         mContext = c;
         mTelephonyManager = t;
         mTelephonyManagerShim = telephonyManagerShim;
-        final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
-        thread.start();
-        mHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
         mUseCallbacksForServiceChanged = deps.isFeatureEnabled(
                 c, CARRIER_SERVICE_CHANGED_USE_CALLBACK);
+        mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled = requestRestrictedWifiEnabled;
+        mListener = listener;
+        if (mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled) {
+            mHandler = connectivityServiceHandler;
+        } else {
+            final HandlerThread thread = deps.makeHandlerThread();
+            thread.start();
+            mHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                registerSimConfigChangedReceiver();
+                simConfigChanged();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void registerSimConfigChangedReceiver() {
         final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
         filter.addAction(TelephonyManager.ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED);
-        synchronized (mLock) {
-            // Never unregistered because the system server never stops
-            c.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
-                @Override
-                public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
-                    switch (intent.getAction()) {
-                        case TelephonyManager.ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED:
-                            simConfigChanged();
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            Log.d(TAG, "Unknown intent received, action: " + intent.getAction());
-                    }
+        // Never unregistered because the system server never stops
+        mContext.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
+                switch (intent.getAction()) {
+                    case TelephonyManager.ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED:
+                        simConfigChanged();
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Unknown intent received, action: " + intent.getAction());
                 }
-            }, filter, null, mHandler);
-            simConfigChanged();
+            }
+        }, filter, null, mHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
+     */
+    public void start() {
+        if (mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled) {
+            registerSimConfigChangedReceiver();
+            mHandler.post(this::simConfigChanged);
         }
     }
 
     public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(@NonNull final Context c,
-            @NonNull final ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps,
-            @NonNull final TelephonyManager t) {
-        this(c, deps, t, TelephonyManagerShimImpl.newInstance(t));
+            @NonNull final TelephonyManager t, final boolean requestRestrictedWifiEnabled,
+            @NonNull BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> listener,
+            @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceHandler) {
+        this(c, new Dependencies(), t, TelephonyManagerShimImpl.newInstance(t),
+                requestRestrictedWifiEnabled, listener, connectivityServiceHandler);
+    }
+
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Create a HandlerThread to use in CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.
+         */
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+            return new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureEnabled
+         */
+        public boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context context, String name) {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(context, name);
+        }
     }
 
     private void simConfigChanged() {
+        //  If mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled is false, constructor calls simConfigChanged
+        if (mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled) {
+            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        }
         synchronized (mLock) {
             unregisterCarrierPrivilegesListeners();
             mModemCount = mTelephonyManager.getActiveModemCount();
@@ -123,15 +178,41 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static class CarrierServiceUidWithSubId {
+        final int mUid;
+        final int mSubId;
+
+        CarrierServiceUidWithSubId(int uid, int subId) {
+            mUid = uid;
+            mSubId = subId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (!(obj instanceof CarrierServiceUidWithSubId)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            CarrierServiceUidWithSubId compare = (CarrierServiceUidWithSubId) obj;
+            return (mUid == compare.mUid && mSubId == compare.mSubId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return mUid * 31 + mSubId;
+        }
+    }
     private class PrivilegeListener implements CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim {
         public final int mLogicalSlot;
+
         PrivilegeListener(final int logicalSlot) {
             mLogicalSlot = logicalSlot;
         }
 
-        @Override public void onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(
+        @Override
+        public void onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(
                 @NonNull List<String> privilegedPackageNames,
                 @NonNull int[] privilegedUids) {
+            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
             if (mUseCallbacksForServiceChanged) return;
             // Re-trigger the synchronous check (which is also very cheap due
             // to caching in CarrierPrivilegesTracker). This allows consistency
@@ -142,6 +223,7 @@
         @Override
         public void onCarrierServiceChanged(@Nullable final String carrierServicePackageName,
                 final int carrierServiceUid) {
+            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
             if (!mUseCallbacksForServiceChanged) {
                 // Re-trigger the synchronous check (which is also very cheap due
                 // to caching in CarrierPrivilegesTracker). This allows consistency
@@ -150,7 +232,18 @@
                 return;
             }
             synchronized (mLock) {
-                mCarrierServiceUid.put(mLogicalSlot, carrierServiceUid);
+                CarrierServiceUidWithSubId oldPair =
+                        mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.get(mLogicalSlot);
+                int subId = getSubId(mLogicalSlot);
+                mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.put(
+                        mLogicalSlot,
+                        new CarrierServiceUidWithSubId(carrierServiceUid, subId));
+                if (oldPair != null
+                        && oldPair.mUid != Process.INVALID_UID
+                        && oldPair.mSubId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID
+                        && !oldPair.equals(mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.get(mLogicalSlot))) {
+                    mListener.accept(oldPair.mUid, oldPair.mSubId);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -172,7 +265,14 @@
     private void unregisterCarrierPrivilegesListeners() {
         for (PrivilegeListener carrierPrivilegesListener : mCarrierPrivilegesChangedListeners) {
             removeCarrierPrivilegesListener(carrierPrivilegesListener);
-            mCarrierServiceUid.delete(carrierPrivilegesListener.mLogicalSlot);
+            CarrierServiceUidWithSubId oldPair =
+                    mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.get(carrierPrivilegesListener.mLogicalSlot);
+            mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.remove(carrierPrivilegesListener.mLogicalSlot);
+            if (oldPair != null
+                    && oldPair.mUid != Process.INVALID_UID
+                    && oldPair.mSubId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID) {
+                mListener.accept(oldPair.mUid, oldPair.mSubId);
+            }
         }
         mCarrierPrivilegesChangedListeners.clear();
     }
@@ -193,12 +293,13 @@
      *
      * This returns whether the passed UID is the carrier service package for the subscription ID
      * stored in the telephony network specifier in the passed network capabilities.
-     * If the capabilities don't code for a cellular network, or if they don't have the
+     * If the capabilities don't code for a cellular or Wi-Fi network, or if they don't have the
      * subscription ID in their specifier, this returns false.
      *
-     * This method can be used to check that a network request for {@link NET_CAPABILITY_CBS} is
-     * allowed for the UID of a caller, which must hold carrier privilege and provide the carrier
-     * config.
+     * This method can be used to check that a network request that requires the UID to be
+     * the carrier service UID is indeed called by such a UID. An example of such a network could
+     * be a network with the  {@link android.net.NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_CBS}
+     * capability.
      * It can also be used to check that a factory is entitled to grant access to a given network
      * to a given UID on grounds that it is the carrier service package.
      *
@@ -206,47 +307,104 @@
      * @param networkCapabilities the network capabilities for which carrier privilege is checked.
      * @return true if uid provides the relevant carrier config else false.
      */
-    public boolean hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(int callingUid,
+    public boolean isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(int callingUid,
             @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
-        if (callingUid == Process.INVALID_UID) return false;
-        if (!networkCapabilities.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) return false;
-        final int subId = getSubIdFromNetworkSpecifier(networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier());
-        if (SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID == subId) return false;
+        if (callingUid == Process.INVALID_UID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int subId = getSubIdFromNetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+        if (SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID == subId) {
+            return false;
+        }
         return callingUid == getCarrierServiceUidForSubId(subId);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Extract the SubscriptionId from the NetworkCapabilities.
+     *
+     * @param networkCapabilities the network capabilities which may contains the SubscriptionId.
+     * @return the SubscriptionId.
+     */
+    public int getSubIdFromNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+        int subId;
+        if (networkCapabilities.hasSingleTransportBesidesTest(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            subId = getSubIdFromTelephonySpecifier(networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier());
+        } else if (networkCapabilities.hasSingleTransportBesidesTest(TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+            subId = getSubIdFromWifiTransportInfo(networkCapabilities.getTransportInfo());
+        } else {
+            subId = SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+        }
+        if (subId == SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID
+                && mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled
+                && networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds().size() == 1) {
+            subId = networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds().toArray(new Integer[0])[0];
+        }
+
+        if (subId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID
+                && !networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds().contains(subId)) {
+            // Ideally, the code above should just use networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds()
+            // for simplicity and future-proofing. However, this is not the historical behavior,
+            // and there is no enforcement that they do not differ, so log a terrible failure if
+            // they do not match to gain confidence this never happens.
+            // TODO : when there is confidence that this never happens, rewrite the code above
+            // with NetworkCapabilities#getSubscriptionIds.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "NetworkCapabilities subIds are inconsistent between "
+                    + "specifier/transportInfo and mSubIds : " + networkCapabilities);
+        }
+        return subId;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected int getSubId(int slotIndex) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) {
+            return SubscriptionManager.getSubscriptionId(slotIndex);
+        } else {
+            SubscriptionManager sm = mContext.getSystemService(SubscriptionManager.class);
+            int[] subIds = sm.getSubscriptionIds(slotIndex);
+            if (subIds != null && subIds.length > 0) {
+                return subIds[0];
+            }
+            return SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+        }
+    }
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     void updateCarrierServiceUid() {
         synchronized (mLock) {
-            mCarrierServiceUid.clear();
+            SparseArray<CarrierServiceUidWithSubId> copy = mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.clone();
+            mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.clear();
             for (int i = 0; i < mModemCount; i++) {
-                mCarrierServiceUid.put(i, getCarrierServicePackageUidForSlot(i));
+                int subId = getSubId(i);
+                mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.put(
+                        i,
+                        new CarrierServiceUidWithSubId(
+                                getCarrierServicePackageUidForSlot(i), subId));
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < copy.size(); ++i) {
+                CarrierServiceUidWithSubId oldPair = copy.valueAt(i);
+                CarrierServiceUidWithSubId newPair = mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.get(copy.keyAt(i));
+                if (oldPair.mUid != Process.INVALID_UID
+                        && oldPair.mSubId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID
+                        && !oldPair.equals(newPair)) {
+                    mListener.accept(oldPair.mUid, oldPair.mSubId);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     int getCarrierServiceUidForSubId(int subId) {
-        final int slotId = getSlotIndex(subId);
         synchronized (mLock) {
-            return mCarrierServiceUid.get(slotId, Process.INVALID_UID);
+            for (int i = 0; i < mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.size(); ++i) {
+                if (mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.valueAt(i).mSubId == subId) {
+                    return mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.valueAt(i).mUid;
+                }
+            }
+            return Process.INVALID_UID;
         }
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    protected int getSlotIndex(int subId) {
-        return SubscriptionManager.getSlotIndex(subId);
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    int getSubIdFromNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier specifier) {
-        if (specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
-            return ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
-        }
-        return SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
     int getUidForPackage(String pkgName) {
         if (pkgName == null) {
             return Process.INVALID_UID;
@@ -271,8 +429,22 @@
         return getUidForPackage(getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot(slotId));
     }
 
-    // Helper methods to avoid having to deal with UnsupportedApiLevelException.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getSubIdFromTelephonySpecifier(@Nullable final NetworkSpecifier specifier) {
+        if (specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+            return ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
+        }
+        return SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+    }
 
+    int getSubIdFromWifiTransportInfo(@Nullable final TransportInfo info) {
+        if (info instanceof WifiInfo) {
+            return ((WifiInfo) info).getSubscriptionId();
+        }
+        return SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+    }
+
+    // Helper methods to avoid having to deal with UnsupportedApiLevelException.
     private void addCarrierPrivilegesListener(@NonNull final Executor executor,
             @NonNull final PrivilegeListener listener) {
         try {
@@ -292,4 +464,25 @@
             Log.e(TAG, "removeCarrierPrivilegesListener API is not available");
         }
     }
+
+    private void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
+        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator:");
+        pw.println("mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled = " + mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled);
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.size(); ++i) {
+                final int logicalSlot = mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.keyAt(i);
+                final int serviceUid = mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.valueAt(i).mUid;
+                final int subId = mCarrierServiceUidWithSubId.valueAt(i).mSubId;
+                pw.println("Logical slot = " + logicalSlot + " : uid = " + serviceUid
+                        + " : subId = " + subId);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
index 17de146..d886182 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@
         public IBpfMap<ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value> getBpfIngress6Map() {
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(CLAT_INGRESS6_MAP_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, ClatIngress6Key.class, ClatIngress6Value.class);
+                       ClatIngress6Key.class, ClatIngress6Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create ingress6 map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@
         public IBpfMap<ClatEgress4Key, ClatEgress4Value> getBpfEgress4Map() {
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(CLAT_EGRESS4_MAP_PATH,
-                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, ClatEgress4Key.class, ClatEgress4Value.class);
+                       ClatEgress4Key.class, ClatEgress4Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create egress4 map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@
         public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getBpfCookieTagMap() {
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH,
-                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
+                       CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open cookie tag map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -399,6 +400,10 @@
         mCookieTagMap = mDeps.getBpfCookieTagMap();
     }
 
+    // Note that this may only be called on a brand new v4-* interface,
+    // because it uses bpfmap.insertEntry() which fails if entry exists,
+    // and because the value includes (initialized to 0) byte/packet
+    // counters, so a replace (instead of insert) would wipe those stats.
     private void maybeStartBpf(final ClatdTracker tracker) {
         if (mIngressMap == null || mEgressMap == null) return;
 
@@ -520,31 +525,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void maybeCleanUp(ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd, ParcelFileDescriptor readSock6,
-            ParcelFileDescriptor writeSock6) {
-        if (tunFd != null) {
-            try {
-                tunFd.close();
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Fail to close tun file descriptor " + e);
-            }
-        }
-        if (readSock6 != null) {
-            try {
-                readSock6.close();
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Fail to close read socket " + e);
-            }
-        }
-        if (writeSock6 != null) {
-            try {
-                writeSock6.close();
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Fail to close write socket " + e);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     private void tagSocketAsClat(long cookie) throws IOException {
         if (mCookieTagMap == null) {
             throw new IOException("Cookie tag map is not initialized");
@@ -600,42 +580,6 @@
             throw new IOException("Prefix must be 96 bits long: " + nat64Prefix);
         }
 
-        // [1] Pick an IPv4 address from 192.0.0.4, 192.0.0.5, 192.0.0.6 ..
-        final String v4Str;
-        try {
-            v4Str = mDeps.selectIpv4Address(INIT_V4ADDR_STRING, INIT_V4ADDR_PREFIX_LEN);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            throw new IOException("no IPv4 addresses were available for clat: " + e);
-        }
-
-        final Inet4Address v4;
-        try {
-            v4 = (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(v4Str);
-        } catch (ClassCastException | IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException e) {
-            throw new IOException("Invalid IPv4 address " + v4Str);
-        }
-
-        // [2] Generate a checksum-neutral IID.
-        final Integer fwmark = getFwmark(netId);
-        final String pfx96Str = nat64Prefix.getAddress().getHostAddress();
-        final String v6Str;
-        try {
-            v6Str = mDeps.generateIpv6Address(iface, v4Str, pfx96Str, fwmark);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            throw new IOException("no IPv6 addresses were available for clat: " + e);
-        }
-
-        final Inet6Address pfx96 = (Inet6Address) nat64Prefix.getAddress();
-        final Inet6Address v6;
-        try {
-            v6 = (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(v6Str);
-        } catch (ClassCastException | IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException e) {
-            throw new IOException("Invalid IPv6 address " + v6Str);
-        }
-
-        // [3] Open, configure and bring up the tun interface.
-        // Create the v4-... tun interface.
-
         // Initialize all required file descriptors with null pointer. This makes the following
         // error handling easier. Simply always call #maybeCleanUp for closing file descriptors,
         // if any valid ones, in error handling.
@@ -643,145 +587,111 @@
         ParcelFileDescriptor readSock6 = null;
         ParcelFileDescriptor writeSock6 = null;
 
-        final String tunIface = CLAT_PREFIX + iface;
-        try {
-            tunFd = mDeps.adoptFd(mDeps.createTunInterface(tunIface));
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            throw new IOException("Create tun interface " + tunIface + " failed: " + e);
-        }
+        long cookie = 0;
+        boolean isSocketTagged = false;
 
-        final int tunIfIndex = mDeps.getInterfaceIndex(tunIface);
-        if (tunIfIndex == INVALID_IFINDEX) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("Fail to get interface index for interface " + tunIface);
-        }
+        try {
+            // [1] Pick an IPv4 address from 192.0.0.4, 192.0.0.5, 192.0.0.6 ..
+            final String v4Str = mDeps.selectIpv4Address(INIT_V4ADDR_STRING,
+                    INIT_V4ADDR_PREFIX_LEN);
+            final Inet4Address v4 = (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(v4Str);
 
-        // disable IPv6 on it - failing to do so is not a critical error
-        try {
-            mNetd.interfaceSetEnableIPv6(tunIface, false /* enabled */);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Disable IPv6 on " + tunIface + " failed: " + e);
-        }
+            // [2] Generate a checksum-neutral IID.
+            final Integer fwmark = getFwmark(netId);
+            final String pfx96Str = nat64Prefix.getAddress().getHostAddress();
+            final String v6Str = mDeps.generateIpv6Address(iface, v4Str, pfx96Str, fwmark);
+            final Inet6Address pfx96 = (Inet6Address) nat64Prefix.getAddress();
+            final Inet6Address v6 = (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(v6Str);
 
-        // Detect ipv4 mtu.
-        final int detectedMtu;
-        try {
-            detectedMtu = mDeps.detectMtu(pfx96Str,
-                ByteBuffer.wrap(GOOGLE_DNS_4.getAddress()).getInt(), fwmark);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("Detect MTU on " + tunIface + " failed: " + e);
-        }
-        final int mtu = adjustMtu(detectedMtu);
-        Log.i(TAG, "detected ipv4 mtu of " + detectedMtu + " adjusted to " + mtu);
+            // [3] Open and configure local 464xlat read/write sockets.
+            // Opens a packet socket to receive IPv6 packets in clatd.
 
-        // Config tun interface mtu, address and bring up.
-        try {
-            mNetd.interfaceSetMtu(tunIface, mtu);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("Set MTU " + mtu + " on " + tunIface + " failed: " + e);
-        }
-        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel ifConfig = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
-        ifConfig.ifName = tunIface;
-        ifConfig.ipv4Addr = v4Str;
-        ifConfig.prefixLength = 32;
-        ifConfig.hwAddr = "";
-        ifConfig.flags = new String[] {IF_STATE_UP};
-        try {
-            mNetd.interfaceSetCfg(ifConfig);
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("Setting IPv4 address to " + ifConfig.ipv4Addr + "/"
-                    + ifConfig.prefixLength + " failed on " + ifConfig.ifName + ": " + e);
-        }
-
-        // [4] Open and configure local 464xlat read/write sockets.
-        // Opens a packet socket to receive IPv6 packets in clatd.
-        try {
             // Use a JNI call to get native file descriptor instead of Os.socket() because we would
             // like to use ParcelFileDescriptor to manage file descriptor. But ctor
             // ParcelFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd) is a @hide function. Need to use native file
             // descriptor to initialize ParcelFileDescriptor object instead.
             readSock6 = mDeps.adoptFd(mDeps.openPacketSocket());
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("Open packet socket failed: " + e);
-        }
 
-        // Opens a raw socket with a given fwmark to send IPv6 packets in clatd.
-        try {
+            // Opens a raw socket with a given fwmark to send IPv6 packets in clatd.
             // Use a JNI call to get native file descriptor instead of Os.socket(). See above
             // reason why we use jniOpenPacketSocket6().
             writeSock6 = mDeps.adoptFd(mDeps.openRawSocket6(fwmark));
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("Open raw socket failed: " + e);
-        }
 
-        final int ifIndex = mDeps.getInterfaceIndex(iface);
-        if (ifIndex == INVALID_IFINDEX) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("Fail to get interface index for interface " + iface);
-        }
+            final int ifIndex = mDeps.getInterfaceIndex(iface);
+            if (ifIndex == INVALID_IFINDEX) {
+                throw new IOException("Fail to get interface index for interface " + iface);
+            }
 
-        // Start translating packets to the new prefix.
-        try {
+            // Start translating packets to the new prefix.
             mDeps.addAnycastSetsockopt(writeSock6.getFileDescriptor(), v6Str, ifIndex);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("add anycast sockopt failed: " + e);
-        }
-
-        // Tag socket as AID_CLAT to avoid duplicated CLAT data usage accounting.
-        final long cookie;
-        try {
+            // Tag socket as AID_CLAT to avoid duplicated CLAT data usage accounting.
             cookie = mDeps.getSocketCookie(writeSock6.getFileDescriptor());
             tagSocketAsClat(cookie);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("tag raw socket failed: " + e);
-        }
-
-        // Update our packet socket filter to reflect the new 464xlat IP address.
-        try {
+            isSocketTagged = true;
+            // Update our packet socket filter to reflect the new 464xlat IP address.
             mDeps.configurePacketSocket(readSock6.getFileDescriptor(), v6Str, ifIndex);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            try {
-                untagSocket(cookie);
-            } catch (IOException e2) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "untagSocket cookie " + cookie + " failed: " + e2);
-            }
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
-            throw new IOException("configure packet socket failed: " + e);
-        }
 
-        // [5] Start clatd.
-        final int pid;
-        try {
-            pid = mDeps.startClatd(tunFd.getFileDescriptor(), readSock6.getFileDescriptor(),
-                    writeSock6.getFileDescriptor(), iface, pfx96Str, v4Str, v6Str);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            try {
-                untagSocket(cookie);
-            } catch (IOException e2) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "untagSocket cookie " + cookie + " failed: " + e2);
+            // [4] Open, configure and bring up the tun interface.
+            // Create the v4-... tun interface.
+            final String tunIface = CLAT_PREFIX + iface;
+            tunFd = mDeps.adoptFd(mDeps.createTunInterface(tunIface));
+            final int tunIfIndex = mDeps.getInterfaceIndex(tunIface);
+            if (tunIfIndex == INVALID_IFINDEX) {
+                throw new IOException("Fail to get interface index for interface " + tunIface);
             }
-            throw new IOException("Error start clatd on " + iface + ": " + e);
-        } finally {
+            // disable IPv6 on it - failing to do so is not a critical error
+            mNetd.interfaceSetEnableIPv6(tunIface, false /* enabled */);
+            // Detect ipv4 mtu.
+            final int detectedMtu = mDeps.detectMtu(pfx96Str,
+                    ByteBuffer.wrap(GOOGLE_DNS_4.getAddress()).getInt(), fwmark);
+            final int mtu = adjustMtu(detectedMtu);
+            Log.i(TAG, "detected ipv4 mtu of " + detectedMtu + " adjusted to " + mtu);
+            // Config tun interface mtu, address and bring up.
+            mNetd.interfaceSetMtu(tunIface, mtu);
+            final InterfaceConfigurationParcel ifConfig = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+            ifConfig.ifName = tunIface;
+            ifConfig.ipv4Addr = v4Str;
+            ifConfig.prefixLength = 32;
+            ifConfig.hwAddr = "";
+            ifConfig.flags = new String[] {IF_STATE_UP};
+            mNetd.interfaceSetCfg(ifConfig);
+
+            // [5] Start clatd.
+            final int pid = mDeps.startClatd(tunFd.getFileDescriptor(),
+                    readSock6.getFileDescriptor(), writeSock6.getFileDescriptor(), iface, pfx96Str,
+                    v4Str, v6Str);
             // The file descriptors have been duplicated (dup2) to clatd in native_startClatd().
-            // Close these file descriptor stubs which are unused anymore.
-            maybeCleanUp(tunFd, readSock6, writeSock6);
+            // Close these file descriptor stubs in finally block.
+
+            // [6] Initialize and store clatd tracker object.
+            mClatdTracker = new ClatdTracker(iface, ifIndex, tunIface, tunIfIndex, v4, v6, pfx96,
+                    pid, cookie);
+
+            // [7] Start BPF
+            maybeStartBpf(mClatdTracker);
+
+            return v6Str;
+        } catch (IOException | RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | ClassCastException
+                 | IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException e) {
+            if (isSocketTagged) {
+                try {
+                    untagSocket(cookie);
+                } catch (IOException e2) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "untagSocket cookie " + cookie + " failed: " + e2);
+                }
+            }
+            throw new IOException("Failed to start clat ", e);
+        } finally {
+            if (tunFd != null) {
+                tunFd.close();
+            }
+            if (readSock6 != null) {
+                readSock6.close();
+            }
+            if (writeSock6 != null) {
+                writeSock6.close();
+            }
         }
-
-        // [6] Initialize and store clatd tracker object.
-        mClatdTracker = new ClatdTracker(iface, ifIndex, tunIface, tunIfIndex, v4, v6, pfx96,
-                pid, cookie);
-
-        // [7] Start BPF
-        maybeStartBpf(mClatdTracker);
-
-        return v6Str;
     }
 
     private void maybeStopBpf(final ClatdTracker tracker) {
@@ -847,12 +757,12 @@
             if (mIngressMap.isEmpty()) {
                 pw.println("<empty>");
             }
-            pw.println("BPF ingress map: iif nat64Prefix v6Addr -> v4Addr oif");
+            pw.println("BPF ingress map: iif nat64Prefix v6Addr -> v4Addr oif (packets bytes)");
             pw.increaseIndent();
             mIngressMap.forEach((k, v) -> {
                 // TODO: print interface name
-                pw.println(String.format("%d %s/96 %s -> %s %d", k.iif, k.pfx96, k.local6,
-                        v.local4, v.oif));
+                pw.println(String.format("%d %s/96 %s -> %s %d (%d %d)", k.iif, k.pfx96, k.local6,
+                        v.local4, v.oif, v.packets, v.bytes));
             });
             pw.decreaseIndent();
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
@@ -870,12 +780,13 @@
             if (mEgressMap.isEmpty()) {
                 pw.println("<empty>");
             }
-            pw.println("BPF egress map: iif v4Addr -> v6Addr nat64Prefix oif");
+            pw.println("BPF egress map: iif v4Addr -> v6Addr nat64Prefix oif (packets bytes)");
             pw.increaseIndent();
             mEgressMap.forEach((k, v) -> {
                 // TODO: print interface name
-                pw.println(String.format("%d %s -> %s %s/96 %d %s", k.iif, k.local4, v.local6,
-                        v.pfx96, v.oif, v.oifIsEthernet != 0 ? "ether" : "rawip"));
+                pw.println(String.format("%d %s -> %s %s/96 %d %s (%d %d)", k.iif, k.local4,
+                        v.local6, v.pfx96, v.oif, v.oifIsEthernet != 0 ? "ether" : "rawip",
+                        v.packets, v.bytes));
             });
             pw.decreaseIndent();
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
@@ -884,6 +795,29 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Dump raw BPF map into base64 encoded strings {@literal "<base64 key>,<base64 value>"}.
+     * Allow to dump only one map in each call. For test only.
+     *
+     * @param pw print writer.
+     * @param isEgress4Map whether to dump the egress4 map (true) or the ingress6 map (false).
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     * $ dumpsys connectivity {clatEgress4RawBpfMap|clatIngress6RawBpfMap}
+     *
+     * Output:
+     * {@literal <base64 encoded key #1>,<base64 encoded value #1>}
+     * {@literal <base64 encoded key #2>,<base64 encoded value #2>}
+     * ..
+     */
+    public void dumpRawMap(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw, boolean isEgress4Map) {
+        if (isEgress4Map) {
+            BpfDump.dumpRawMap(mEgressMap, pw);
+        } else {
+            BpfDump.dumpRawMap(mIngressMap, pw);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Dump the coordinator information.
      *
      * @param pw print writer.
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
index 5aac8f1..7ea7f95 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
@@ -33,10 +33,19 @@
     public static final String NO_REMATCH_ALL_REQUESTS_ON_REGISTER =
             "no_rematch_all_requests_on_register";
 
-    @VisibleForTesting
     public static final String CARRIER_SERVICE_CHANGED_USE_CALLBACK =
             "carrier_service_changed_use_callback_version";
 
+    public static final String REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI =
+            "request_restricted_wifi";
+
+    public static final String INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING =
+            "ingress_to_vpn_address_filtering";
+
+    public static final String BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN = "background_firewall_chain";
+
+    public static final String DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS = "delay_destroy_sockets";
+
     private boolean mNoRematchAllRequestsOnRegister;
 
     /**
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
index 894bcc4..ac02229 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@
         final PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mPrivateDnsMap.getOrDefault(netId,
                 PRIVATE_DNS_OFF);
 
-        final boolean useTls = privateDnsCfg.useTls;
+        final boolean useTls = privateDnsCfg.mode != PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
         final PrivateDnsValidationStatuses statuses =
                 useTls ? mPrivateDnsValidationMap.get(netId) : null;
         final boolean validated = (null != statuses) && statuses.hasValidatedServer();
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
         // networks like IMS.
         final PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mPrivateDnsMap.getOrDefault(netId,
                 PRIVATE_DNS_OFF);
-        final boolean useTls = privateDnsCfg.useTls;
+        final boolean useTls = privateDnsCfg.mode != PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
         final boolean strictMode = privateDnsCfg.inStrictMode();
 
         paramsParcel.netId = netId;
@@ -390,6 +390,7 @@
                 : new String[0];            // Off
         paramsParcel.transportTypes = nc.getTransportTypes();
         paramsParcel.meteredNetwork = nc.isMetered();
+        paramsParcel.interfaceNames = lp.getAllInterfaceNames().toArray(new String[0]);
         // Prepare to track the validation status of the DNS servers in the
         // resolver config when private DNS is in opportunistic or strict mode.
         if (useTls) {
@@ -403,13 +404,14 @@
         }
 
         Log.d(TAG, String.format("sendDnsConfigurationForNetwork(%d, %s, %s, %d, %d, %d, %d, "
-                + "%d, %d, %s, %s, %s, %b)", paramsParcel.netId,
+                + "%d, %d, %s, %s, %s, %b, %s)", paramsParcel.netId,
                 Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.servers), Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.domains),
                 paramsParcel.sampleValiditySeconds, paramsParcel.successThreshold,
                 paramsParcel.minSamples, paramsParcel.maxSamples, paramsParcel.baseTimeoutMsec,
                 paramsParcel.retryCount, paramsParcel.tlsName,
                 Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.tlsServers),
-                Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.transportTypes), paramsParcel.meteredNetwork));
+                Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.transportTypes), paramsParcel.meteredNetwork,
+                Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.interfaceNames)));
 
         try {
             mDnsResolver.setResolverConfiguration(paramsParcel);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
index 8d566b6..9c2b9e8 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
         return "/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared/map_" + which + "_map";
     }
 
+    private final boolean mHaveProgram = TcUtils.isBpfProgramUsable(PROG_PATH);
+
     private Set<String> mAttachedIfaces;
 
     private final BpfMap<Struct.S32, DscpPolicyValue> mBpfDscpIpv4Policies;
@@ -85,10 +87,10 @@
     public DscpPolicyTracker() throws ErrnoException {
         mAttachedIfaces = new HashSet<String>();
         mIfaceIndexToPolicyIdBpfMapIndex = new HashMap<Integer, SparseIntArray>();
-        mBpfDscpIpv4Policies = new BpfMap<Struct.S32, DscpPolicyValue>(IPV4_POLICY_MAP_PATH,
-                BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Struct.S32.class, DscpPolicyValue.class);
-        mBpfDscpIpv6Policies = new BpfMap<Struct.S32, DscpPolicyValue>(IPV6_POLICY_MAP_PATH,
-                BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Struct.S32.class, DscpPolicyValue.class);
+        mBpfDscpIpv4Policies = new BpfMap<>(IPV4_POLICY_MAP_PATH,
+                Struct.S32.class, DscpPolicyValue.class);
+        mBpfDscpIpv6Policies = new BpfMap<>(IPV6_POLICY_MAP_PATH,
+                Struct.S32.class, DscpPolicyValue.class);
     }
 
     private boolean isUnusedIndex(int index) {
@@ -325,6 +327,7 @@
      * Attach BPF program
      */
     private boolean attachProgram(@NonNull String iface) {
+        if (!mHaveProgram) return false;
         try {
             NetworkInterface netIface = NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
             TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevBpf(netIface.getIndex(), false, PRIO_DSCP, (short) ETH_P_ALL,
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/HandlerUtils.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/HandlerUtils.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 997ecbf..0000000
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/HandlerUtils.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.connectivity;
-
-import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.Looper;
-import android.os.SystemClock;
-
-/**
- * Helper class for Handler related utilities.
- *
- * @hide
- */
-public class HandlerUtils {
-    // Note: @hide methods copied from android.os.Handler
-    /**
-     * Runs the specified task synchronously.
-     * <p>
-     * If the current thread is the same as the handler thread, then the runnable
-     * runs immediately without being enqueued.  Otherwise, posts the runnable
-     * to the handler and waits for it to complete before returning.
-     * </p><p>
-     * This method is dangerous!  Improper use can result in deadlocks.
-     * Never call this method while any locks are held or use it in a
-     * possibly re-entrant manner.
-     * </p><p>
-     * This method is occasionally useful in situations where a background thread
-     * must synchronously await completion of a task that must run on the
-     * handler's thread.  However, this problem is often a symptom of bad design.
-     * Consider improving the design (if possible) before resorting to this method.
-     * </p><p>
-     * One example of where you might want to use this method is when you just
-     * set up a Handler thread and need to perform some initialization steps on
-     * it before continuing execution.
-     * </p><p>
-     * If timeout occurs then this method returns <code>false</code> but the runnable
-     * will remain posted on the handler and may already be in progress or
-     * complete at a later time.
-     * </p><p>
-     * When using this method, be sure to use {@link Looper#quitSafely} when
-     * quitting the looper.  Otherwise {@link #runWithScissors} may hang indefinitely.
-     * (TODO: We should fix this by making MessageQueue aware of blocking runnables.)
-     * </p>
-     *
-     * @param h The target handler.
-     * @param r The Runnable that will be executed synchronously.
-     * @param timeout The timeout in milliseconds, or 0 to wait indefinitely.
-     *
-     * @return Returns true if the Runnable was successfully executed.
-     *         Returns false on failure, usually because the
-     *         looper processing the message queue is exiting.
-     *
-     * @hide This method is prone to abuse and should probably not be in the API.
-     * If we ever do make it part of the API, we might want to rename it to something
-     * less funny like runUnsafe().
-     */
-    public static boolean runWithScissors(@NonNull Handler h, @NonNull Runnable r, long timeout) {
-        if (r == null) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("runnable must not be null");
-        }
-        if (timeout < 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout must be non-negative");
-        }
-
-        if (Looper.myLooper() == h.getLooper()) {
-            r.run();
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        BlockingRunnable br = new BlockingRunnable(r);
-        return br.postAndWait(h, timeout);
-    }
-
-    private static final class BlockingRunnable implements Runnable {
-        private final Runnable mTask;
-        private boolean mDone;
-
-        BlockingRunnable(Runnable task) {
-            mTask = task;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void run() {
-            try {
-                mTask.run();
-            } finally {
-                synchronized (this) {
-                    mDone = true;
-                    notifyAll();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        public boolean postAndWait(Handler handler, long timeout) {
-            if (!handler.post(this)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            synchronized (this) {
-                if (timeout > 0) {
-                    final long expirationTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + timeout;
-                    while (!mDone) {
-                        long delay = expirationTime - SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
-                        if (delay <= 0) {
-                            return false; // timeout
-                        }
-                        try {
-                            wait(delay);
-                        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    while (!mDone) {
-                        try {
-                            wait();
-                        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java
index 7a8b41b..21dbb45 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TransportInfo;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionInfo;
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
+
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.metrics.DailykeepaliveInfoReported;
 import com.android.metrics.DurationForNumOfKeepalive;
@@ -74,9 +77,10 @@
 public class KeepaliveStatsTracker {
     private static final String TAG = KeepaliveStatsTracker.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int INVALID_KEEPALIVE_ID = -1;
-    // 1 hour acceptable deviation in metrics collection duration time.
+    // 2 hour acceptable deviation in metrics collection duration time to account for the 1 hour
+    // window of AlarmManager.
     private static final long MAX_EXPECTED_DURATION_MS =
-            AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.METRICS_COLLECTION_DURATION_MS + 1 * 60 * 60 * 1_000L;
+            AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.METRICS_COLLECTION_DURATION_MS + 2 * 60 * 60 * 1_000L;
 
     @NonNull private final Handler mConnectivityServiceHandler;
     @NonNull private final Dependencies mDependencies;
@@ -278,6 +282,7 @@
          *
          * @param dailyKeepaliveInfoReported the proto to write to statsD.
          */
+        @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
         public void writeStats(DailykeepaliveInfoReported dailyKeepaliveInfoReported) {
             ConnectivityStatsLog.write(
                     ConnectivityStatsLog.DAILY_KEEPALIVE_INFO_REPORTED,
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af4aee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,842 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_NONE;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EADDRINUSE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_CLOEXEC;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_RAW;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketReader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SocketUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.RtNetlinkRouteMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMf6cctl;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMif6ctl;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMrt6Msg;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.MulticastSocket;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Class to coordinate multicast routing between network interfaces.
+ *
+ * <p>Supports IPv6 multicast routing.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that usage of this class is not thread-safe. All public methods must be called from the
+ * same thread that the handler from {@code dependencies.getHandler} is associated.
+ */
+public class MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService {
+    private static final String TAG = MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int ICMP6_FILTER = 1;
+    private static final int MRT6_INIT = 200;
+    private static final int MRT6_ADD_MIF = 202;
+    private static final int MRT6_DEL_MIF = 203;
+    private static final int MRT6_ADD_MFC = 204;
+    private static final int MRT6_DEL_MFC = 205;
+    private static final int ONE = 1;
+
+    private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final MulticastNocacheUpcallListener mMulticastNoCacheUpcallListener;
+    @NonNull private final FileDescriptor mMulticastRoutingFd; // For multicast routing config
+    @NonNull private final MulticastSocket mMulticastSocket; // For join group and leave group
+
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final int MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 60_000;
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final int MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS = 300_000;
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final int MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES = 1_000;
+
+    // The kernel supports max 32 virtual interfaces per multicast routing table.
+    private static final int MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES = 32;
+
+    /** Tracks if checking for inactive MFC has been scheduled */
+    private boolean mMfcPollingScheduled = false;
+
+    /** Mapping from multicast virtual interface index to interface name */
+    private SparseArray<String> mVirtualInterfaces =
+            new SparseArray<>(MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES);
+    /** Mapping from physical interface index to interface name */
+    private SparseArray<String> mInterfaces =
+            new SparseArray<>(MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES);
+
+    /** Mapping of iif to PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig */
+    private Map<String, PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig> mMulticastRoutingConfigs =
+            new HashMap<String, PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig>();
+
+    private static final class PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig {
+        // mapping of oif name to MulticastRoutingConfig
+        public Map<String, MulticastRoutingConfig> oifConfigs =
+                new HashMap<String, MulticastRoutingConfig>();
+    }
+
+    /** Tracks the MFCs added to kernel. Using LinkedHashMap to keep the added order, so
+    // when the number of MFCs reaches the max limit then the earliest added one is removed. */
+    private LinkedHashMap<MfcKey, MfcValue> mMfcs = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+    public MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(Handler h) {
+        this(h, new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    /* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if multicast routing is not supported */
+    public MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(Handler h, Dependencies dependencies) {
+        mDependencies = dependencies;
+        mMulticastRoutingFd = mDependencies.createMulticastRoutingSocket();
+        mMulticastSocket = mDependencies.createMulticastSocket();
+        mHandler = h;
+        mMulticastNoCacheUpcallListener =
+                new MulticastNocacheUpcallListener(mHandler, mMulticastRoutingFd);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mMulticastNoCacheUpcallListener.start());
+    }
+
+    private void checkOnHandlerThread() {
+        if (Looper.myLooper() != mHandler.getLooper()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread (" + mHandler.getLooper() + ") : "
+                            + Looper.myLooper());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Integer getInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+        int mapIndex = getIndexForValue(mInterfaces, ifName);
+        if (mapIndex < 0) return null;
+        return mInterfaces.keyAt(mapIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply multicast routing configuration
+     *
+     * @param iifName name of the incoming interface
+     * @param oifName name of the outgoing interface
+     * @param newConfig the multicast routing configuration to be applied from iif to oif
+     * @throws MulticastRoutingException when failed to apply the config
+     */
+    public void applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+            final String iifName, final String oifName, final MulticastRoutingConfig newConfig) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iifName, "IifName can't be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(oifName, "OifName can't be null");
+
+        if (newConfig.getForwardingMode() != FORWARD_NONE) {
+            // Make sure iif and oif are added as multicast forwarding interfaces
+            if (!maybeAddAndTrackInterface(iifName) || !maybeAddAndTrackInterface(oifName)) {
+                Log.e(
+                        TAG,
+                        "Failed to apply multicast routing config from "
+                                + iifName
+                                + " to "
+                                + oifName);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig oldConfig = getMulticastRoutingConfig(iifName, oifName);
+
+        if (oldConfig.equals(newConfig)) return;
+
+        int oldMode = oldConfig.getForwardingMode();
+        int newMode = newConfig.getForwardingMode();
+        Integer iifIndex = getInterfaceIndex(iifName);
+        if (iifIndex == null) {
+            // This cannot happen unless the new config has FORWARD_NONE but is not the same
+            // as the old config. This is not possible in current code.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Adding multicast configuration on null interface?");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // When new addresses are added to FORWARD_SELECTED mode, join these multicast groups
+        // on their upstream interface, so upstream multicast routers know about the subscription.
+        // When addresses are removed from FORWARD_SELECTED mode, leave the multicast groups.
+        final Set<Inet6Address> oldListeningAddresses =
+                (oldMode == FORWARD_SELECTED)
+                        ? oldConfig.getListeningAddresses()
+                        : new ArraySet<>();
+        final Set<Inet6Address> newListeningAddresses =
+                (newMode == FORWARD_SELECTED)
+                        ? newConfig.getListeningAddresses()
+                        : new ArraySet<>();
+        final CompareResult<Inet6Address> addressDiff =
+                new CompareResult<>(oldListeningAddresses, newListeningAddresses);
+        joinGroups(iifIndex, addressDiff.added);
+        leaveGroups(iifIndex, addressDiff.removed);
+
+        setMulticastRoutingConfig(iifName, oifName, newConfig);
+        Log.d(
+                TAG,
+                "Applied multicast routing config for iif "
+                        + iifName
+                        + " to oif "
+                        + oifName
+                        + " with Config "
+                        + newConfig);
+
+        // Update existing MFCs to make sure they align with the updated configuration
+        updateMfcs();
+
+        if (newConfig.getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_NONE) {
+            if (!hasActiveMulticastConfig(iifName)) {
+                removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(iifName);
+            }
+            if (!hasActiveMulticastConfig(oifName)) {
+                removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(oifName);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes an network interface from multicast routing.
+     *
+     * <p>Remove the network interface from multicast configs and remove it from the list of
+     * multicast routing interfaces in the kernel
+     *
+     * @param ifName name of the interface that should be removed
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(final String ifName) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        final Integer virtualIndex = getVirtualInterfaceIndex(ifName);
+        if (virtualIndex == null) return;
+
+        updateMfcs();
+        mInterfaces.removeAt(getIndexForValue(mInterfaces, ifName));
+        mVirtualInterfaces.remove(virtualIndex);
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6DelMif(mMulticastRoutingFd, virtualIndex);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Removed mifi " + virtualIndex + " from MIF");
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to remove multicast virtual interface" + virtualIndex, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next available virtual index for multicast routing, or -1 if the number of
+     * virtual interfaces has reached max value.
+     */
+    private int getNextAvailableVirtualIndex() {
+        if (mVirtualInterfaces.size() >= MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Can't allocate new multicast virtual interface");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < mVirtualInterfaces.size(); i++) {
+            if (!mVirtualInterfaces.contains(i)) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return mVirtualInterfaces.size();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public Integer getVirtualInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+        int mapIndex = getIndexForValue(mVirtualInterfaces, ifName);
+        if (mapIndex < 0) return null;
+        return mVirtualInterfaces.keyAt(mapIndex);
+    }
+
+    private Integer getVirtualInterfaceIndex(int physicalIndex) {
+        String ifName = mInterfaces.get(physicalIndex);
+        if (ifName == null) {
+            // This is only used to match MFCs from kernel to MFCs we know about.
+            // Unknown MFCs should be ignored.
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getVirtualInterfaceIndex(ifName);
+    }
+
+    private String getInterfaceName(int virtualIndex) {
+        return mVirtualInterfaces.get(virtualIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the interfaces is added and tracked, or {@code false} when failed
+     * to add the interface.
+     */
+    private boolean maybeAddAndTrackInterface(String ifName) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (getIndexForValue(mVirtualInterfaces, ifName) >= 0) return true;
+
+        int nextVirtualIndex = getNextAvailableVirtualIndex();
+        if (nextVirtualIndex < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int ifIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(ifName);
+        if (ifIndex == 0) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Can't get interface index for " + ifName);
+            return false;
+        }
+        final StructMif6ctl mif6ctl =
+                    new StructMif6ctl(
+                            nextVirtualIndex,
+                            (short) 0 /* mif6c_flags */,
+                            (short) 1 /* vifc_threshold */,
+                            ifIndex,
+                            0 /* vifc_rate_limit */);
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6AddMif(mMulticastRoutingFd, mif6ctl);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Added mifi " + nextVirtualIndex + " to MIF");
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to add multicast virtual interface", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        mVirtualInterfaces.put(nextVirtualIndex, ifName);
+        mInterfaces.put(ifIndex, ifName);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public MulticastRoutingConfig getMulticastRoutingConfig(String iifName, String oifName) {
+        PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig configs = mMulticastRoutingConfigs.get(iifName);
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig defaultConfig = MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
+        if (configs == null) {
+            return defaultConfig;
+        } else {
+            return configs.oifConfigs.getOrDefault(oifName, defaultConfig);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setMulticastRoutingConfig(
+            final String iifName, final String oifName, final MulticastRoutingConfig config) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig iifConfig = mMulticastRoutingConfigs.get(iifName);
+
+        if (config.getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_NONE) {
+            if (iifConfig != null) {
+                iifConfig.oifConfigs.remove(oifName);
+            }
+            if (iifConfig.oifConfigs.isEmpty()) {
+                mMulticastRoutingConfigs.remove(iifName);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (iifConfig == null) {
+            iifConfig = new PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig();
+            mMulticastRoutingConfigs.put(iifName, iifConfig);
+        }
+        iifConfig.oifConfigs.put(oifName, config);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether an interface has multicast routing config */
+    private boolean hasActiveMulticastConfig(final String ifName) {
+        // FORWARD_NONE configs are not saved in the config tables, so
+        // any existing config is an active multicast routing config
+        if (mMulticastRoutingConfigs.containsKey(ifName)) return true;
+        for (var pic : mMulticastRoutingConfigs.values()) {
+            if (pic.oifConfigs.containsKey(ifName)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A multicast forwarding cache (MFC) entry holds a multicast forwarding route where packet from
+     * incoming interface(iif) with source address(S) to group address (G) are forwarded to outgoing
+     * interfaces(oifs).
+     *
+     * <p>iif, S and G identifies an MFC entry. For example an MFC1 is added: [iif1, S1, G1, oifs1]
+     * Adding another MFC2 of [iif1, S1, G1, oifs2] to the kernel overwrites MFC1.
+     */
+    private static final class MfcKey {
+        public final int mIifVirtualIdx;
+        public final Inet6Address mSrcAddr;
+        public final Inet6Address mDstAddr;
+
+        public MfcKey(int iif, Inet6Address src, Inet6Address dst) {
+            mIifVirtualIdx = iif;
+            mSrcAddr = src;
+            mDstAddr = dst;
+        }
+
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other == this) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (!(other instanceof MfcKey)) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                MfcKey otherKey = (MfcKey) other;
+                return mIifVirtualIdx == otherKey.mIifVirtualIdx
+                        && mSrcAddr.equals(otherKey.mSrcAddr)
+                        && mDstAddr.equals(otherKey.mDstAddr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mIifVirtualIdx, mSrcAddr, mDstAddr);
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return "{iifVirtualIndex: "
+                    + Integer.toString(mIifVirtualIdx)
+                    + ", sourceAddress: "
+                    + mSrcAddr.toString()
+                    + ", destinationAddress: "
+                    + mDstAddr.toString()
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class MfcValue {
+        private Set<Integer> mOifVirtualIndices;
+        // timestamp of when the mfc was last used in the kernel
+        // (e.g. created, or used to forward a packet)
+        private Instant mLastUsedAt;
+
+        public MfcValue(Set<Integer> oifs, Instant timestamp) {
+            mOifVirtualIndices = oifs;
+            mLastUsedAt = timestamp;
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasSameOifsAs(MfcValue other) {
+            return this.mOifVirtualIndices.equals(other.mOifVirtualIndices);
+        }
+
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other == this) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (!(other instanceof MfcValue)) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                MfcValue otherValue = (MfcValue) other;
+                return mOifVirtualIndices.equals(otherValue.mOifVirtualIndices)
+                        && mLastUsedAt.equals(otherValue.mLastUsedAt);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mOifVirtualIndices, mLastUsedAt);
+        }
+
+        public Set<Integer> getOifIndices() {
+            return mOifVirtualIndices;
+        }
+
+        public void setLastUsedAt(Instant timestamp) {
+            mLastUsedAt = timestamp;
+        }
+
+        public Instant getLastUsedAt() {
+            return mLastUsedAt;
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return "{oifVirtualIdxes: "
+                    + mOifVirtualIndices.toString()
+                    + ", lastUsedAt: "
+                    + mLastUsedAt.toString()
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the MFC value for the given MFC key according to current multicast routing config. If
+     * the MFC should be removed return null.
+     */
+    private MfcValue computeMfcValue(int iif, Inet6Address dst) {
+        final int dstScope = getGroupAddressScope(dst);
+        Set<Integer> forwardingOifs = new ArraySet<>();
+
+        PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig iifConfig =
+                mMulticastRoutingConfigs.get(getInterfaceName(iif));
+
+        if (iifConfig == null) {
+            // An iif may have been removed from multicast routing, in this
+            // case remove the MFC directly
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        for (var config : iifConfig.oifConfigs.entrySet()) {
+            if ((config.getValue().getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE
+                            && config.getValue().getMinimumScope() <= dstScope)
+                    || (config.getValue().getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_SELECTED
+                            && config.getValue().getListeningAddresses().contains(dst))) {
+                forwardingOifs.add(getVirtualInterfaceIndex(config.getKey()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new MfcValue(forwardingOifs, Instant.now(mDependencies.getClock()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given the iif, source address and group destination address, add an MFC entry or update the
+     * existing MFC according to the multicast routing config. If such an MFC should not exist,
+     * return null for caller of the function to remove it.
+     *
+     * <p>Note that if a packet has no matching MFC entry in the kernel, kernel creates an
+     * unresolved route and notifies multicast socket with a NOCACHE upcall message. The unresolved
+     * route is kept for no less than 10s. If packets with the same source and destination arrives
+     * before the 10s timeout, they will not be notified. Thus we need to add a 'blocking' MFC which
+     * is an MFC with an empty oif list. When the multicast configs changes, the 'blocking' MFC
+     * will be updated to a 'forwarding' MFC so that corresponding multicast traffic can be
+     * forwarded instantly.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the MFC is updated and no operation is needed from caller.
+     * {@code false} if the MFC should not be added, caller of the function should remove
+     * the MFC if needed.
+     */
+    private boolean addOrUpdateMfc(int vif, Inet6Address src, Inet6Address dst) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        final MfcKey key = new MfcKey(vif, src, dst);
+        final MfcValue value = mMfcs.get(key);
+        final MfcValue updatedValue = computeMfcValue(vif, dst);
+
+        if (updatedValue == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (value != null && value.hasSameOifsAs(updatedValue)) {
+            // no updates to make
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        final StructMf6cctl mf6cctl =
+                new StructMf6cctl(src, dst, vif, updatedValue.getOifIndices());
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(mMulticastRoutingFd, mf6cctl);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to add MFC: " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        mMfcs.put(key, updatedValue);
+        String operation = (value == null ? "Added" : "Updated");
+        Log.d(TAG, operation + " MFC key: " + key + " value: " + updatedValue);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void checkMfcsExpiration() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        // Check if there are inactive MFCs that can be removed
+        refreshMfcInactiveDuration();
+        maybeExpireMfcs();
+        if (mMfcs.size() > 0) {
+            mHandler.postDelayed(() -> checkMfcsExpiration(), MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
+            mMfcPollingScheduled = true;
+        } else {
+            mMfcPollingScheduled = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkMfcEntriesLimit() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        // If the max number of MFC entries is reached, remove the first MFC entry. This can be
+        // any entry, as if this entry is needed again there will be a NOCACHE upcall to add it
+        // back.
+        if (mMfcs.size() == MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Reached max number of MFC entries " + MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES);
+            var iter = mMfcs.entrySet().iterator();
+            MfcKey firstMfcKey = iter.next().getKey();
+            removeMfcFromKernel(firstMfcKey);
+            iter.remove();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads multicast routes information from the kernel, and update the last used timestamp for
+     * each multicast route save in this class.
+     */
+    private void refreshMfcInactiveDuration() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        final List<RtNetlinkRouteMessage> multicastRoutes = NetlinkUtils.getIpv6MulticastRoutes();
+
+        for (var route : multicastRoutes) {
+            if (!route.isResolved()) {
+                continue; // Don't handle unresolved mfc, the kernel will recycle in 10s
+            }
+            Integer iif = getVirtualInterfaceIndex(route.getIifIndex());
+            if (iif == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Can't find kernel returned IIF " + route.getIifIndex());
+                return;
+            }
+            final MfcKey key =
+                    new MfcKey(
+                            iif,
+                            (Inet6Address) route.getSource().getAddress(),
+                            (Inet6Address) route.getDestination().getAddress());
+            MfcValue value = mMfcs.get(key);
+            if (value == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Can't find kernel returned MFC " + key);
+                continue;
+            }
+            value.setLastUsedAt(
+                    Instant.now(mDependencies.getClock())
+                            .minusMillis(route.getSinceLastUseMillis()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove MFC entry from mMfcs map and the kernel if exists. */
+    private void removeMfcFromKernel(MfcKey key) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        final MfcValue value = mMfcs.get(key);
+        final Set<Integer> oifs = new ArraySet<>();
+        final StructMf6cctl mf6cctl =
+                new StructMf6cctl(key.mSrcAddr, key.mDstAddr, key.mIifVirtualIdx, oifs);
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(mMulticastRoutingFd, mf6cctl);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to remove MFC: " + e);
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.d(TAG, "Removed MFC key: " + key + " value: " + value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is called every MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS milliseconds to remove any MFC that is
+     * inactive for more than MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS milliseconds.
+     */
+    private void maybeExpireMfcs() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        for (var it = mMfcs.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+            var entry = it.next();
+            if (entry.getValue()
+                    .getLastUsedAt()
+                    .plusMillis(MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                    .isBefore(Instant.now(mDependencies.getClock()))) {
+                removeMfcFromKernel(entry.getKey());
+                it.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateMfcs() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        for (Iterator<Map.Entry<MfcKey, MfcValue>> it = mMfcs.entrySet().iterator();
+                it.hasNext(); ) {
+            MfcKey key = it.next().getKey();
+            if (!addOrUpdateMfc(key.mIifVirtualIdx, key.mSrcAddr, key.mDstAddr)) {
+                removeMfcFromKernel(key);
+                it.remove();
+            }
+        }
+
+        refreshMfcInactiveDuration();
+    }
+
+    private void joinGroups(int ifIndex, List<Inet6Address> addresses) {
+        for (Inet6Address address : addresses) {
+            InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+            try {
+                mMulticastSocket.joinGroup(
+                        socketAddress, mDependencies.getNetworkInterface(ifIndex));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (e.getCause() instanceof ErrnoException) {
+                    ErrnoException ee = (ErrnoException) e.getCause();
+                    if (ee.errno == EADDRINUSE) {
+                        // The list of added address are calculated from address changes,
+                        // repeated join group is unexpected
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Already joined group" + e);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                Log.e(TAG, "failed to join group: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void leaveGroups(int ifIndex, List<Inet6Address> addresses) {
+        for (Inet6Address address : addresses) {
+            InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+            try {
+                mMulticastSocket.leaveGroup(
+                        socketAddress, mDependencies.getNetworkInterface(ifIndex));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "failed to leave group: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getGroupAddressScope(Inet6Address address) {
+        return address.getAddress()[1] & 0xf;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handles a NoCache upcall that indicates a multicast packet is received and requires
+     * a multicast forwarding cache to be added.
+     *
+     * A forwarding or blocking MFC is added according to the multicast config.
+     *
+     * The number of MFCs is checked to make sure it doesn't exceed the
+     * {@code MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES} limit.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void handleMulticastNocacheUpcall(final StructMrt6Msg mrt6Msg) {
+        final int iifVid = mrt6Msg.mif;
+
+        // add MFC to forward the packet or add blocking MFC to not forward the packet
+        // If the packet comes from an interface the service doesn't care about, the
+        // addOrUpdateMfc function will return null and not MFC will be added.
+        if (!addOrUpdateMfc(iifVid, mrt6Msg.src, mrt6Msg.dst)) return;
+        // If the list of MFCs is not empty and there is no MFC check scheduled,
+        // schedule one now
+        if (!mMfcPollingScheduled) {
+            mHandler.postDelayed(() -> checkMfcsExpiration(), MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
+            mMfcPollingScheduled = true;
+        }
+
+        checkMfcEntriesLimit();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A packet reader that handles the packets sent to the multicast routing socket
+     */
+    private final class MulticastNocacheUpcallListener extends PacketReader {
+        private final FileDescriptor mFd;
+
+        public MulticastNocacheUpcallListener(Handler h, FileDescriptor fd) {
+            super(h);
+            mFd = fd;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected FileDescriptor createFd() {
+            return mFd;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void handlePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length) {
+            final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(recvbuf);
+            final StructMrt6Msg mrt6Msg = StructMrt6Msg.parse(buf);
+            if (mrt6Msg.msgType != StructMrt6Msg.MRT6MSG_NOCACHE) {
+                return;
+            }
+            handleMulticastNocacheUpcall(mrt6Msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Dependencies of RoutingCoordinatorService, for test injections. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        private final Clock mClock = Clock.system(ZoneId.systemDefault());
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a socket to configure multicast routing in the kernel.
+         *
+         * <p>If the kernel doesn't support multicast routing, then the {@code setsockoptInt} with
+         * {@code MRT6_INIT} method would fail.
+         *
+         * @return the multicast routing socket, or null if it fails to be created/configured.
+         */
+        public FileDescriptor createMulticastRoutingSocket() {
+            FileDescriptor sock = null;
+            byte[] filter = new byte[32]; // filter all ICMPv6 messages
+            try {
+                sock = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
+                Os.setsockoptInt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_INIT, ONE);
+                NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(sock, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, filter);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "failed to create multicast socket: " + e);
+                if (sock != null) {
+                    SocketUtils.closeSocketQuietly(sock);
+                }
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Multicast routing is not supported ", e);
+            }
+            Log.i(TAG, "socket created for multicast routing: " + sock);
+            return sock;
+        }
+
+        public MulticastSocket createMulticastSocket() {
+            try {
+                return new MulticastSocket();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to create multicast socket " + e);
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6AddMif(FileDescriptor fd, StructMif6ctl mif6ctl)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            final byte[] bytes = mif6ctl.writeToBytes();
+            NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_ADD_MIF, bytes);
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6DelMif(FileDescriptor fd, int virtualIfIndex)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_DEL_MIF, virtualIfIndex);
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(FileDescriptor fd, StructMf6cctl mf6cctl)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            final byte[] bytes = mf6cctl.writeToBytes();
+            NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_ADD_MFC, bytes);
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(FileDescriptor fd, StructMf6cctl mf6cctl)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            final byte[] bytes = mf6cctl.writeToBytes();
+            NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_DEL_MFC, bytes);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the interface index for an interface name, or 0 if the interface index could
+         * not be found.
+         */
+        public int getInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+            return Os.if_nametoindex(ifName);
+        }
+
+        public NetworkInterface getNetworkInterface(int physicalIndex) {
+            try {
+                return NetworkInterface.getByIndex(physicalIndex);
+            } catch (SocketException e) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Clock getClock() {
+            return mClock;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
index 065922d..a979681 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
@@ -202,13 +202,13 @@
             try {
                 addrStr = mClatCoordinator.clatStart(baseIface, getNetId(), mNat64PrefixInUse);
             } catch (IOException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Error starting clatd on " + baseIface + ": " + e);
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error starting clatd on " + baseIface, e);
             }
         } else {
             try {
                 addrStr = mNetd.clatdStart(baseIface, mNat64PrefixInUse.toString());
             } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Error starting clatd on " + baseIface + ": " + e);
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error starting clatd on " + baseIface, e);
             }
         }
         mIface = CLAT_PREFIX + baseIface;
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
         try {
             mIPv6Address = (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addrStr);
         } catch (ClassCastException | IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid IPv6 address " + addrStr);
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid IPv6 address " + addrStr , e);
         }
         if (mPrefixDiscoveryRunning && !isPrefixDiscoveryNeeded()) {
             stopPrefixDiscovery();
@@ -622,6 +622,18 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Dump the raw BPF maps in 464XLAT
+     *
+     * @param pw print writer.
+     * @param isEgress4Map whether to dump the egress4 map (true) or the ingress6 map (false).
+     */
+    public void dumpRawBpfMap(IndentingPrintWriter pw, boolean isEgress4Map) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            mClatCoordinator.dumpRawMap(pw, isEgress4Map);
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "mBaseIface: " + mBaseIface + ", mIface: " + mIface + ", mState: " + mState;
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 7cd3cc8..76993a6 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.transportNamesOf;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -1575,21 +1577,28 @@
         // On a non-restricted network, access UIDs make no sense
         if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)) return false;
 
-        // If this network has TRANSPORT_TEST, then the caller can do whatever they want to
-        // access UIDs
-        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) return true;
+        // If this network has TRANSPORT_TEST and nothing else, then the caller can do whatever
+        // they want to access UIDs
+        if (nc.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) return true;
 
-        // Factories that make ethernet networks can allow UIDs for automotive devices.
-        if (nc.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET) && hasAutomotiveFeature) {
-            return true;
+        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)) {
+            // Factories that make ethernet networks can allow UIDs for automotive devices.
+            if (hasAutomotiveFeature) return true;
+            // It's also admissible if the ethernet network has TRANSPORT_TEST, as long as it
+            // doesn't have NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET so it can't become the default network.
+            if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST) && !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
         }
 
-        // Factories that make cell networks can allow the UID for the carrier service package.
+        // Factories that make cell/wifi networks can allow the UID for the carrier service package.
         // This can only work in T where there is support for CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
         if (null != carrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
-                && nc.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                && (nc.hasSingleTransportBesidesTest(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                        || nc.hasSingleTransportBesidesTest(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
                 && (1 == nc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy().size())
-                && (carrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                && (carrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                         nc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy().valueAt(0), nc))) {
             return true;
         }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
index bc13592..7707122 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
                     details = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in_detailed, name);
                     break;
                 case TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
-                    title = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in, 0);
+                    title = r.getString(R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet);
                     // TODO: Change this to pull from NetworkInfo once a printable
                     // name has been added to it
                     NetworkSpecifier specifier = nai.networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier();
@@ -252,8 +252,16 @@
                         subId = ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
                     }
 
-                    details = mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId)
+                    final String operatorName = mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId)
                             .getNetworkOperatorName();
+                    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(operatorName)) {
+                        details = r.getString(R.string
+                                .mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier);
+                    } else {
+                        details = r.getString(
+                                R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed,
+                                operatorName);
+                    }
                     break;
                 default:
                     title = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in, 0);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
index c473444..d94c8dc 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
@@ -223,19 +221,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether the scorable has any of the PRIORITIZE_* capabilities.
-     *
-     * These capabilities code for customer slices, and a network that has one is a customer slice.
-     */
-    private boolean hasPrioritizedCapability(@NonNull final Scoreable nai) {
-        final NetworkCapabilities caps = nai.getCapsNoCopy();
-        final long anyPrioritizeCapability =
-                (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY)
-                | (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH);
-        return 0 != (caps.getCapabilitiesInternal() & anyPrioritizeCapability);
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Get the best network among a list of candidates according to policy.
      * @param candidates the candidates
      * @param currentSatisfier the current satisfier, or null if none
@@ -339,12 +324,6 @@
         // change from the previous result. If there were, it's guaranteed candidates.size() > 0
         // because accepted.size() > 0 above.
 
-        // If any network is not a slice with prioritized bandwidth or latency, don't choose one
-        // that is.
-        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> !hasPrioritizedCapability(nai), accepted, rejected);
-        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
-        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
-
         // If some of the networks have a better transport than others, keep only the ones with
         // the best transports.
         for (final int transport : PREFERRED_TRANSPORTS_ORDER) {
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab3d315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils;
+
+
+class NetworkRequestStateInfo {
+    private final NetworkRequest mNetworkRequest;
+    private final long mNetworkRequestReceivedTime;
+
+    private enum NetworkRequestState {
+        RECEIVED,
+        REMOVED
+    }
+    private NetworkRequestState mNetworkRequestState;
+    private int mNetworkRequestDurationMillis;
+    private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    NetworkRequestStateInfo(NetworkRequest networkRequest,
+            Dependencies deps) {
+        mDependencies = deps;
+        mNetworkRequest = networkRequest;
+        mNetworkRequestReceivedTime = mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime();
+        mNetworkRequestDurationMillis = 0;
+        mNetworkRequestState = NetworkRequestState.RECEIVED;
+    }
+
+    NetworkRequestStateInfo(NetworkRequestStateInfo anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo) {
+        mDependencies = anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mDependencies;
+        mNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest(anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequest);
+        mNetworkRequestReceivedTime = anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequestReceivedTime;
+        mNetworkRequestDurationMillis =
+                anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequestDurationMillis;
+        mNetworkRequestState = anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequestState;
+    }
+
+    public void setNetworkRequestRemoved() {
+        mNetworkRequestState = NetworkRequestState.REMOVED;
+        mNetworkRequestDurationMillis = (int) (
+                mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime() - mNetworkRequestReceivedTime);
+    }
+
+    public int getNetworkRequestStateStatsType() {
+        if (mNetworkRequestState == NetworkRequestState.RECEIVED) {
+            return NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+        } else if (mNetworkRequestState == NetworkRequestState.REMOVED) {
+            return NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+        } else {
+            return NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getRequestId() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.requestId;
+    }
+
+    public int getPackageUid() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.networkCapabilities.getRequestorUid();
+    }
+
+    public int getTransportTypes() {
+        return (int) BitUtils.packBits(mNetworkRequest.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes());
+    }
+
+    public boolean getNetCapabilityNotMetered() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+    }
+
+    public boolean getNetCapabilityInternet() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+    }
+
+    public int getNetworkRequestDurationMillis() {
+        return mNetworkRequestDurationMillis;
+    }
+
+    /** Dependency class */
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        // Returns a timestamp with the time base of SystemClock.elapsedRealtime to keep durations
+        // relative to start time and avoid timezone change, including time spent in deep sleep.
+        public long getElapsedRealtime() {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bc654a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.java
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+
+/**
+ * A Connectivity Service helper class to push atoms capturing network requests have been received
+ * and removed and its metadata.
+ *
+ * Atom events are logged in the ConnectivityStatsLog. Network request id: network request metadata
+ * hashmap is stored to calculate network request duration when it is removed.
+ *
+ * Note that this class is not thread-safe. The instance of the class needs to be
+ * synchronized in the callers when being used in multiple threads.
+ */
+public class NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics {
+
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics";
+    private static final int CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC = 0;
+    private static final int CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC = 1;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS = 20;
+
+    // Stats logging frequency is limited to 10 ms at least, 500ms are taken as a safely margin
+    // for cases of longer periods of frequent network requests.
+    private static final int ATOM_INTERVAL_MS = 500;
+    private final StatsLoggingHandler mStatsLoggingHandler;
+
+    private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    private final NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies mNRStateInfoDeps;
+    private final SparseArray<NetworkRequestStateInfo> mNetworkRequestsActive;
+
+    public NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics() {
+        this(new Dependencies(), new NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(Dependencies deps,
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies nrStateInfoDeps) {
+        mNetworkRequestsActive = new SparseArray<>();
+        mDependencies = deps;
+        mNRStateInfoDeps = nrStateInfoDeps;
+        HandlerThread handlerThread = mDependencies.makeHandlerThread(TAG);
+        handlerThread.start();
+        mStatsLoggingHandler = new StatsLoggingHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register network request receive event, push RECEIVE atom
+     *
+     * @param networkRequest network request received
+     */
+    public void onNetworkRequestReceived(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
+        if (mNetworkRequestsActive.contains(networkRequest.requestId)) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Received already registered network request, id = "
+                    + networkRequest.requestId);
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Registered nr with ID = " + networkRequest.requestId
+                    + ", package_uid = " + networkRequest.networkCapabilities.getRequestorUid());
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(
+                    networkRequest, mNRStateInfoDeps);
+            mNetworkRequestsActive.put(networkRequest.requestId, networkRequestStateInfo);
+            mStatsLoggingHandler.sendMessage(Message.obtain(
+                    mStatsLoggingHandler,
+                    CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                    networkRequestStateInfo));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register network request remove event, push REMOVE atom
+     *
+     * @param networkRequest network request removed
+     */
+    public void onNetworkRequestRemoved(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = mNetworkRequestsActive.get(
+                networkRequest.requestId);
+        if (networkRequestStateInfo == null) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "This NR hasn't been registered. NR id = " + networkRequest.requestId);
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Removed nr with ID = " + networkRequest.requestId);
+            mNetworkRequestsActive.remove(networkRequest.requestId);
+            networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(networkRequestStateInfo);
+            networkRequestStateInfo.setNetworkRequestRemoved();
+            mStatsLoggingHandler.sendMessage(Message.obtain(
+                    mStatsLoggingHandler,
+                    CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                    networkRequestStateInfo));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Dependency class */
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Creates a thread with provided tag.
+         *
+         * @param tag for the thread.
+         */
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread(@NonNull final String tag) {
+            return new HandlerThread(tag);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see Handler#sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)
+         */
+        public void sendMessageDelayed(@NonNull Handler handler, int what, long delayMillis) {
+            handler.sendMessageDelayed(Message.obtain(handler, what), delayMillis);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets number of millis since event.
+         *
+         * @param eventTimeMillis long timestamp in millis when the event occurred.
+         */
+        public long getMillisSinceEvent(long eventTimeMillis) {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - eventTimeMillis;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED event to ConnectivityStatsLog.
+         *
+         * @param networkRequestStateInfo NetworkRequestStateInfo containing network request info.
+         */
+        public void writeStats(NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo) {
+            ConnectivityStatsLog.write(
+                    NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED,
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getPackageUid(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getTransportTypes(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetCapabilityNotMetered(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetCapabilityInternet(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class StatsLoggingHandler extends Handler {
+        private static final String TAG = "NetworkRequestsStateStatsLoggingHandler";
+
+        private final ArrayDeque<NetworkRequestStateInfo> mPendingState = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+        private long mLastLogTime = 0;
+
+        StatsLoggingHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        private void maybeEnqueueStatsMessage(NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo) {
+            if (mPendingState.size() < MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS) {
+                mPendingState.add(networkRequestStateInfo);
+            } else {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Too many network requests received within last " + ATOM_INTERVAL_MS
+                        + " ms, dropping the last network request (id = "
+                        + networkRequestStateInfo.getRequestId() + ") event");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (hasMessages(CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            long millisSinceLastLog = mDependencies.getMillisSinceEvent(mLastLogTime);
+
+            if (millisSinceLastLog >= ATOM_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                sendMessage(
+                        Message.obtain(this, CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC));
+            } else {
+                mDependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                        this,
+                        CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                        ATOM_INTERVAL_MS - millisSinceLastLog);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo loggingInfo;
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC:
+                    maybeEnqueueStatsMessage((NetworkRequestStateInfo) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC:
+                    mLastLogTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+                    if (!mPendingState.isEmpty()) {
+                        loggingInfo = mPendingState.remove();
+                        mDependencies.writeStats(loggingInfo);
+                        if (!mPendingState.isEmpty()) {
+                            mDependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                                    this,
+                                    CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                                    ATOM_INTERVAL_MS);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default: // fall out
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorService.java
index 3350d2d..742a2cc 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorService.java
@@ -171,7 +171,8 @@
             }
             final ForwardingPair fwp = new ForwardingPair(fromIface, toIface);
             if (mForwardedInterfaces.contains(fwp)) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Forward already exists between ifaces "
+                // TODO: remove if no reports are observed from the below log
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Forward already exists between ifaces "
                         + fromIface + " → " + toIface);
             }
             mForwardedInterfaces.add(fwp);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessController.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cdc932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.role.OnRoleHoldersChangedListener;
+import android.app.role.RoleManager;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+/**
+ * Tracks the uid of all the default messaging application which are role_sms role and
+ * satellite_communication permission complaint and requests ConnectivityService to create multi
+ * layer request with satellite internet access support for the default message application.
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class SatelliteAccessController {
+    private static final String TAG = SatelliteAccessController.class.getSimpleName();
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    private final DefaultMessageRoleListener mDefaultMessageRoleListener;
+    private final Consumer<Set<Integer>> mCallback;
+    private final Handler mConnectivityServiceHandler;
+
+    // At this sparseArray, Key is userId and values are uids of SMS apps that are allowed
+    // to use satellite network as fallback.
+    private final SparseArray<Set<Integer>> mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache =
+            new SparseArray<>();
+
+    /**
+     *  Monitor {@link android.app.role.OnRoleHoldersChangedListener#onRoleHoldersChanged(String,
+     *  UserHandle)},
+     *
+     */
+    private final class DefaultMessageRoleListener
+            implements OnRoleHoldersChangedListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onRoleHoldersChanged(String role, UserHandle userHandle) {
+            if (RoleManager.ROLE_SMS.equals(role)) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "ROLE_SMS Change detected ");
+                onRoleSmsChanged(userHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void register() {
+            try {
+                mDeps.addOnRoleHoldersChangedListenerAsUser(
+                        mConnectivityServiceHandler::post, this, UserHandle.ALL);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Could not register satellite controller listener due to " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SatelliteAccessController(@NonNull final Context c,
+            Consumer<Set<Integer>> callback,
+            @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceInternalHandler) {
+        this(c, new Dependencies(c), callback, connectivityServiceInternalHandler);
+    }
+
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        private final RoleManager mRoleManager;
+
+        private Dependencies(Context context) {
+            mRoleManager = context.getSystemService(RoleManager.class);
+        }
+
+        /** See {@link RoleManager#getRoleHoldersAsUser(String, UserHandle)} */
+        public List<String> getRoleHoldersAsUser(String roleName, UserHandle userHandle) {
+            return mRoleManager.getRoleHoldersAsUser(roleName, userHandle);
+        }
+
+        /** See {@link RoleManager#addOnRoleHoldersChangedListenerAsUser} */
+        public void addOnRoleHoldersChangedListenerAsUser(@NonNull Executor executor,
+                @NonNull OnRoleHoldersChangedListener listener, UserHandle user) {
+            mRoleManager.addOnRoleHoldersChangedListenerAsUser(executor, listener, user);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    SatelliteAccessController(@NonNull final Context c, @NonNull final Dependencies deps,
+            Consumer<Set<Integer>> callback,
+            @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceInternalHandler) {
+        mContext = c;
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mDefaultMessageRoleListener = new DefaultMessageRoleListener();
+        mCallback = callback;
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler = connectivityServiceInternalHandler;
+    }
+
+    private Set<Integer> updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidListCache(List<String> packageNames,
+            @NonNull UserHandle userHandle) {
+        Set<Integer> fallbackUids = new ArraySet<>();
+        PackageManager pm =
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(userHandle, 0).getPackageManager();
+        if (pm != null) {
+            for (String packageName : packageNames) {
+                // Check if SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION permission is enabled for default sms
+                // application package before adding it part of satellite network fallback uid
+                // cache list.
+                if (isSatellitePermissionEnabled(pm, packageName)) {
+                    int uid = getUidForPackage(pm, packageName);
+                    if (uid != Process.INVALID_UID) {
+                        fallbackUids.add(uid);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "package manager found null");
+        }
+        return fallbackUids;
+    }
+
+    //Check if satellite communication is enabled for the package
+    private boolean isSatellitePermissionEnabled(PackageManager packageManager,
+            String packageName) {
+        return packageManager.checkPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, packageName)
+                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+    }
+
+    private int getUidForPackage(PackageManager packageManager, String pkgName) {
+        if (pkgName == null) {
+            return Process.INVALID_UID;
+        }
+        try {
+            ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = packageManager.getApplicationInfo(pkgName, 0);
+            return applicationInfo.uid;
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException exception) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to find uid for package: " + pkgName);
+        }
+        return Process.INVALID_UID;
+    }
+
+    // on Role sms change triggered by OnRoleHoldersChangedListener()
+    private void onRoleSmsChanged(@NonNull UserHandle userHandle) {
+        int userId = userHandle.getIdentifier();
+        if (userId == Process.INVALID_UID) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid User Id");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        //Returns empty list if no package exists
+        final List<String> packageNames =
+                mDeps.getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, userHandle);
+
+        // Store previous satellite fallback uid available
+        final Set<Integer> prevUidsForUser =
+                mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.get(userId, new ArraySet<>());
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "currentUser : role_sms_packages: " + userId + " : " + packageNames);
+        final Set<Integer> newUidsForUser =
+                updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidListCache(packageNames, userHandle);
+        Log.i(TAG, "satellite_fallback_uid: " + newUidsForUser);
+
+        // on Role change, update the multilayer request at ConnectivityService with updated
+        // satellite network fallback uid cache list of multiple users as applicable
+        if (newUidsForUser.equals(prevUidsForUser)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.put(userId, newUidsForUser);
+
+        // Update all users fallback cache for user, send cs fallback to update ML request
+        reportSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids();
+    }
+
+    private void reportSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids() {
+        // Merge all uids of multiple users available
+        Set<Integer> mergedSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.size(); i++) {
+            mergedSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.addAll(
+                    mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.valueAt(i));
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "merged uid list for multi layer request : "
+                + mergedSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache);
+
+        // trigger multiple layer request for satellite network fallback of multi user uids
+        mCallback.accept(mergedSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache);
+    }
+
+    public void start() {
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler.post(this::updateAllUserRoleSmsUids);
+
+        // register sms OnRoleHoldersChangedListener
+        mDefaultMessageRoleListener.register();
+
+        // Monitor for User removal intent, to update satellite fallback uids.
+        IntentFilter userRemovedFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                final String action = intent.getAction();
+                if (Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED.equals(action)) {
+                    final UserHandle userHandle = intent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER);
+                    if (userHandle == null) return;
+                    updateSatelliteFallbackUidListOnUserRemoval(userHandle.getIdentifier());
+                } else {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + action);
+                }
+            }
+        }, userRemovedFilter, null, mConnectivityServiceHandler);
+
+    }
+
+    private void updateAllUserRoleSmsUids() {
+        UserManager userManager = mContext.getSystemService(UserManager.class);
+        // get existing user handles of available users
+        List<UserHandle> existingUsers = userManager.getUserHandles(true /*excludeDying*/);
+
+        // Iterate through the user handles and obtain their uids with role sms and satellite
+        // communication permission
+        Log.i(TAG, "existing users: " + existingUsers);
+        for (UserHandle userHandle : existingUsers) {
+            onRoleSmsChanged(userHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateSatelliteFallbackUidListOnUserRemoval(int userIdRemoved) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "user id removed:" + userIdRemoved);
+        if (mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.contains(userIdRemoved)) {
+            mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.remove(userIdRemoved);
+            reportSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/Android.bp b/staticlibs/Android.bp
index 0bcb757..ede6d3f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/Android.bp
@@ -28,33 +28,35 @@
 // though they are not in the current.txt files.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
 java_library {
-  name: "net-utils-device-common",
-  srcs: [
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/DomainUtils.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/FdEventsReader.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkMonitorUtils.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketReader.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/SharedLog.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java",
-      "device/com/android/net/module/util/FeatureVersions.java",
-      // This library is used by system modules, for which the system health impact of Kotlin
-      // has not yet been evaluated. Annotations may need jarjar'ing.
-      // "src_devicecommon/**/*.kt",
-  ],
-  sdk_version: "module_current",
-  min_sdk_version: "30",
-  target_sdk_version: "30",
-  apex_available: [
-      "//apex_available:anyapex",
-      "//apex_available:platform",
-  ],
-  visibility: [
+    name: "net-utils-device-common",
+    srcs: [
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/DomainUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/FdEventsReader.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkMonitorUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketReader.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/SharedLog.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/FeatureVersions.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java",
+        // This library is used by system modules, for which the system health impact of Kotlin
+        // has not yet been evaluated. Annotations may need jarjar'ing.
+        // "src_devicecommon/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:anyapex",
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
         "//frameworks/base/packages/Tethering",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/framework:__subpackages__",
@@ -64,26 +66,26 @@
         "//frameworks/opt/net/telephony",
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin",
-  ],
-  static_libs: [
-      "net-utils-framework-common",
-  ],
-  libs: [
-      "androidx.annotation_annotation",
-      "framework-annotations-lib",
-      "framework-configinfrastructure",
-      "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
-  ],
-  lint: {
-      strict_updatability_linting: true,
-      error_checks: ["NewApi"],
-  },
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "net-utils-framework-common",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "framework-annotations-lib",
+        "framework-configinfrastructure",
+        "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+        error_checks: ["NewApi"],
+    },
 }
 
 java_defaults {
     name: "lib_mockito_extended",
     static_libs: [
-        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4"
+        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
     ],
     jni_libs: [
         "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
@@ -94,14 +96,19 @@
 java_library {
     name: "net-utils-dnspacket-common",
     srcs: [
-    "framework/**/DnsPacket.java",
-    "framework/**/DnsPacketUtils.java",
+        "framework/**/DnsPacket.java",
+        "framework/**/DnsPacketUtils.java",
+        "framework/**/DnsSvcbPacket.java",
+        "framework/**/DnsSvcbRecord.java",
+        "framework/**/HexDump.java",
+        "framework/**/NetworkStackConstants.java",
     ],
     sdk_version: "module_current",
     visibility: [
         "//packages/services/Iwlan:__subpackages__",
     ],
     libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "framework-annotations-lib",
         "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
@@ -117,6 +124,8 @@
     ],
 }
 
+// The net-utils-device-common-bpf library requires the callers to contain
+// net-utils-device-common-struct-base.
 java_library {
     name: "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
     srcs: [
@@ -126,9 +135,7 @@
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/IBpfMap.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/JniUtil.java",
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/Struct.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java",
-        "framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java",
     ],
     sdk_version: "module_current",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
@@ -139,6 +146,7 @@
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
@@ -151,12 +159,9 @@
 }
 
 java_library {
-    name: "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+    name: "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
     srcs: [
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/Ipv6Utils.java",
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/Struct.java",
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/*.java",
     ],
     sdk_version: "module_current",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
@@ -169,6 +174,7 @@
     ],
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "framework-annotations-lib", // Required by InetAddressUtils.java
         "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
     apex_available: [
@@ -181,12 +187,43 @@
     },
 }
 
+// The net-utils-device-common-struct library requires the callers to contain
+// net-utils-device-common-struct-base.
+java_library {
+    name: "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+    srcs: [
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/Ipv6Utils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/*.java",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/NetworkStack:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "framework-annotations-lib", // Required by IpUtils.java
+        "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+    ],
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+        error_checks: ["NewApi"],
+    },
+}
+
 // The net-utils-device-common-netlink library requires the callers to contain
-// net-utils-device-common-struct.
+// net-utils-device-common-struct and net-utils-device-common-struct-base.
 java_library {
     name: "net-utils-device-common-netlink",
     srcs: [
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/*.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/**/*.java",
     ],
     sdk_version: "module_current",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
@@ -201,6 +238,7 @@
         // statically link here because callers of this library might already have a static
         // version linked.
         "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
@@ -213,7 +251,7 @@
 }
 
 // The net-utils-device-common-ip library requires the callers to contain
-// net-utils-device-common-struct.
+// net-utils-device-common-struct and net-utils-device-common-struct-base.
 java_library {
     // TODO : this target should probably be folded into net-utils-device-common
     name: "net-utils-device-common-ip",
@@ -241,7 +279,7 @@
         "//apex_available:platform",
     ],
     lint: {
-        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
         error_checks: ["NewApi"],
     },
 }
@@ -265,13 +303,11 @@
         "//cts/tests/tests/net",
         "//cts/tests/tests/wifi",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/cts/net",
-        "//frameworks/base/packages/Tethering",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering",
         "//frameworks/base/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/opt/net/ike",
         "//frameworks/opt/telephony",
         "//frameworks/base/wifi:__subpackages__",
-        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin",
@@ -290,6 +326,10 @@
             "-Xep:NullablePrimitive:ERROR",
         ],
     },
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
 }
 
 java_library {
@@ -454,10 +494,10 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "net-utils-wifi-service-common-srcs",
     srcs: [
-       "device/android/net/NetworkFactory.java",
-       "device/android/net/NetworkFactoryImpl.java",
-       "device/android/net/NetworkFactoryLegacyImpl.java",
-       "device/android/net/NetworkFactoryShim.java",
+        "device/android/net/NetworkFactory.java",
+        "device/android/net/NetworkFactoryImpl.java",
+        "device/android/net/NetworkFactoryLegacyImpl.java",
+        "device/android/net/NetworkFactoryShim.java",
     ],
     visibility: [
         "//frameworks/opt/net/wifi/service",
diff --git a/staticlibs/client-libs/Android.bp b/staticlibs/client-libs/Android.bp
index c938dd6..f665584 100644
--- a/staticlibs/client-libs/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/client-libs/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -10,17 +11,17 @@
     apex_available: [
         "//apex_available:platform",
         "com.android.tethering",
-        "com.android.wifi"
+        "com.android.wifi",
     ],
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/base/services:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/base/packages:__subpackages__",
-        "//packages/modules/Wifi/service:__subpackages__"
+        "//packages/modules/Wifi/service:__subpackages__",
     ],
     libs: ["androidx.annotation_annotation"],
     static_libs: [
         "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-java",
-        "netd_event_listener_interface-lateststable-java"
-    ]
+        "netd_event_listener_interface-lateststable-java",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java b/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
index 1d8b4eb..d99eedc 100644
--- a/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
     }
 
     /** Add or remove |route|. */
-    private static void modifyRoute(final INetd netd, final ModifyOperation op, final int netId,
+    public static void modifyRoute(final INetd netd, final ModifyOperation op, final int netId,
             final RouteInfo route) {
         final String ifName = route.getInterface();
         final String dst = route.getDestination().toString();
diff --git a/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/Android.bp b/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 03e3e70..7aafd69 100644
--- a/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests/integration",
-    ]
+    ],
 }
 
 android_test {
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmap.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmap.java
index d2a5b65..b62a430 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmap.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmap.java
@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 
  /**
  *
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@
  * array type with key->int and value->uint64_t defined in the bpf program.
  *
  */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
 public class BpfBitmap {
     private BpfMap<Struct.S32, Struct.S64> mBpfMap;
 
@@ -35,8 +38,7 @@
      * @param path The path of the BPF map.
      */
     public BpfBitmap(@NonNull String path) throws ErrnoException {
-        mBpfMap = new BpfMap<Struct.S32, Struct.S64>(path, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                Struct.S32.class, Struct.S64.class);
+        mBpfMap = new BpfMap<>(path, Struct.S32.class, Struct.S64.class);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfDump.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfDump.java
index 7549e71..4227194 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfDump.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfDump.java
@@ -81,6 +81,26 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Dump the BpfMap entries with base64 format encoding.
+     */
+    public static <K extends Struct, V extends Struct> void dumpRawMap(IBpfMap<K, V> map,
+            PrintWriter pw) {
+        try {
+            if (map == null) {
+                pw.println("BPF map is null");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (map.isEmpty()) {
+                pw.println("No entries");
+                return;
+            }
+            map.forEach((k, v) -> pw.println(toBase64EncodedString(k, v)));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            pw.println("Map dump end with error: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Dump the BpfMap name and entries
      */
     public static <K extends Struct, V extends Struct> void dumpMap(IBpfMap<K, V> map,
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java
index 595ac74..da77ae8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java
@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.EEXIST;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOENT;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@
  * @param <K> the key of the map.
  * @param <V> the value of the map.
  */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
 public class BpfMap<K extends Struct, V extends Struct> implements IBpfMap<K, V> {
     static {
         System.loadLibrary(JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(BpfMap.class.getPackage()));
@@ -107,6 +109,17 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Create a R/W BpfMap map wrapper with "path" of filesystem.
+     *
+     * @throws ErrnoException if the BPF map associated with {@code path} cannot be retrieved.
+     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code path} is null.
+     */
+    public BpfMap(@NonNull final String path, final Class<K> key,
+            final Class<V> value) throws ErrnoException, NullPointerException {
+        this(path, BPF_F_RDWR, key, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Update an existing or create a new key -> value entry in an eBbpf map.
      * (use insertOrReplaceEntry() if you need to know whether insert or replace happened)
      */
@@ -239,6 +252,11 @@
         return Struct.parse(mValueClass, buffer);
     }
 
+    /** Synchronize Kernel RCU */
+    public static void synchronizeKernelRCU() throws ErrnoException {
+        nativeSynchronizeKernelRCU();
+    }
+
     private static native int nativeBpfFdGet(String path, int mode, int keySize, int valueSize)
             throws ErrnoException, NullPointerException;
 
@@ -260,4 +278,6 @@
 
     private native boolean nativeFindMapEntry(int fd, byte[] key, byte[] value)
             throws ErrnoException;
+
+    private static native void nativeSynchronizeKernelRCU() throws ErrnoException;
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java
index 10a8f60..cdd6fd7 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
  */
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
+import android.os.Build;
+
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@
  *
  * {@hide}
  */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 public class BpfUtils {
     static {
         System.loadLibrary(JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(BpfUtils.class.getPackage()));
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java
index 42f26f4..0426ace 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 
@@ -64,9 +65,6 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final long DEFAULT_PACKAGE_VERSION = 1000;
 
-    private static final String CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_NAMESPACE = "android_core_networking";
-    private static final String CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG_PACKAGE = "com.android.net.flags";
-
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static void resetPackageVersionCacheForTest() {
         sPackageVersion = -1;
@@ -206,6 +204,29 @@
                 () -> getTetheringModuleVersion(context));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check whether or not one specific experimental feature for a particular namespace from
+     * {@link DeviceConfig} is enabled by comparing module package version
+     * with current version of property. If this property version is valid, the corresponding
+     * experimental feature would be enabled, otherwise disabled.
+     *
+     * This is useful to ensure that if a module install is rolled back, flags are not left fully
+     * rolled out on a version where they have not been well tested.
+     *
+     * If the feature is disabled by default and enabled by flag push, this method should be used.
+     * If the feature is enabled by default and disabled by flag push (kill switch),
+     * {@link #isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureNotChickenedOut(Context, String)} should be used.
+     *
+     * @param context The global context information about an app environment.
+     * @param name The name of the property to look up.
+     * @return true if this feature is enabled, or false if disabled.
+     */
+    public static boolean isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull String name) {
+        return isFeatureEnabled(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, name, false /* defaultEnabled */,
+                () -> getPackageVersion(context));
+    }
+
     private static boolean isFeatureEnabled(@NonNull String namespace,
             String name, boolean defaultEnabled, Supplier<Long> packageVersionSupplier) {
         final int flagValue = getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(namespace, name, 0 /* default value */);
@@ -409,31 +430,4 @@
 
         return pkgs.get(0).activityInfo.applicationInfo.packageName;
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Check whether one specific trunk stable flag in android_core_networking namespace is enabled.
-     * This method reads trunk stable feature flag value from DeviceConfig directly since
-     * java_aconfig_library soong module is not available in the mainline branch.
-     * After the mainline branch support the aconfig soong module, this function must be removed and
-     * java_aconfig_library must be used instead to check if the feature is enabled.
-     *
-     * @param flagName The name of the trunk stable flag
-     * @return true if this feature is enabled, or false if disabled.
-     */
-    public static boolean isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(final String flagName) {
-        return isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(
-                CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_NAMESPACE,
-                CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG_PACKAGE,
-                flagName
-        );
-    }
-
-    private static boolean isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(final String namespace,
-            final String packageName, final String flagName) {
-        return DeviceConfig.getBoolean(
-                namespace,
-                packageName + "." + flagName,
-                false /* defaultValue */
-        );
-    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c620368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+/**
+ * Helper class for Handler related utilities.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class HandlerUtils {
+    /**
+     * Runs the specified task synchronously for dump method.
+     * <p>
+     * If the current thread is the same as the handler thread, then the runnable
+     * runs immediately without being enqueued.  Otherwise, posts the runnable
+     * to the handler and waits for it to complete before returning.
+     * </p><p>
+     * This method is dangerous!  Improper use can result in deadlocks.
+     * Never call this method while any locks are held or use it in a
+     * possibly re-entrant manner.
+     * </p><p>
+     * This method is made to let dump method access members on the handler thread to
+     * avoid concurrent access problems or races.
+     * </p><p>
+     * If timeout occurs then this method returns <code>false</code> but the runnable
+     * will remain posted on the handler and may already be in progress or
+     * complete at a later time.
+     * </p><p>
+     * When using this method, be sure to use {@link Looper#quitSafely} when
+     * quitting the looper.  Otherwise {@link #runWithScissorsForDump} may hang indefinitely.
+     * (TODO: We should fix this by making MessageQueue aware of blocking runnables.)
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param h The target handler.
+     * @param r The Runnable that will be executed synchronously.
+     * @param timeout The timeout in milliseconds, or 0 to not wait at all.
+     *
+     * @return Returns true if the Runnable was successfully executed.
+     *         Returns false on failure, usually because the
+     *         looper processing the message queue is exiting.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean runWithScissorsForDump(@NonNull Handler h, @NonNull Runnable r,
+                                                 long timeout) {
+        if (r == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("runnable must not be null");
+        }
+        if (timeout < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout must be non-negative");
+        }
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == h.getLooper()) {
+            r.run();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        // Don't crash in the handler if something in the runnable throws an exception,
+        // but try to propagate the exception to the caller.
+        AtomicReference<RuntimeException> exceptionRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+        h.post(() -> {
+            try {
+                r.run();
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                exceptionRef.set(e);
+            }
+            latch.countDown();
+        });
+
+        try {
+            if (!latch.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            exceptionRef.compareAndSet(null, new IllegalStateException("Thread interrupted", e));
+        }
+
+        final RuntimeException e = exceptionRef.get();
+        if (e != null) throw e;
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/Ipv6Utils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/Ipv6Utils.java
index d538221..497b8cb 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/Ipv6Utils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/Ipv6Utils.java
@@ -166,6 +166,24 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Build an ICMPv6 Router Solicitation packet from the required specified parameters without
+     * ethernet header.
+     */
+    public static ByteBuffer buildRsPacket(
+            final Inet6Address srcIp, final Inet6Address dstIp, final ByteBuffer... options) {
+        final RsHeader rsHeader = new RsHeader((int) 0 /* reserved */);
+        final ByteBuffer[] payload =
+                buildIcmpv6Payload(
+                        ByteBuffer.wrap(rsHeader.writeToBytes(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)), options);
+        return buildIcmpv6Packet(
+                srcIp,
+                dstIp,
+                (byte) ICMPV6_ROUTER_SOLICITATION /* type */,
+                (byte) 0 /* code */,
+                payload);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Build an ICMPv6 Echo Request packet from the required specified parameters.
      */
     public static ByteBuffer buildEchoRequestPacket(final MacAddress srcMac,
@@ -176,11 +194,21 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Build an ICMPv6 Echo Reply packet without ethernet header.
+     * Build an ICMPv6 Echo Request packet from the required specified parameters without ethernet
+     * header.
      */
-    public static ByteBuffer buildEchoReplyPacket(final Inet6Address srcIp,
+    public static ByteBuffer buildEchoRequestPacket(final Inet6Address srcIp,
             final Inet6Address dstIp) {
         final ByteBuffer payload = ByteBuffer.allocate(4); // ID and Sequence number may be zero.
+        return buildIcmpv6Packet(srcIp, dstIp, (byte) ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE /* type */,
+                (byte) 0 /* code */,
+                payload);
+    }
+
+    /** Build an ICMPv6 Echo Reply packet without ethernet header. */
+    public static ByteBuffer buildEchoReplyPacket(
+            final Inet6Address srcIp, final Inet6Address dstIp) {
+        final ByteBuffer payload = ByteBuffer.allocate(4); // ID and Sequence number may be zero.
         return buildIcmpv6Packet(srcIp, dstIp, (byte) ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE /* type */,
                 (byte) 0 /* code */, payload);
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java
index 9d2fb7f..a6b222f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java
@@ -101,4 +101,12 @@
      * @throws IOException
      */
     public static native void tcQdiscAddDevClsact(int ifIndex) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to fetch a bpf program from a path.
+     * Return true on success, false on non-existence or any other failure.
+     *
+     * @param bpfProgPath
+     */
+    public static native boolean isBpfProgramUsable(String bpfProgPath);
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java
index dab9694..bf447d3 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java
@@ -45,14 +45,18 @@
 public class ArpPacket {
     private static final String TAG = "ArpPacket";
 
+    public final MacAddress destination;
+    public final MacAddress source;
     public final short opCode;
     public final Inet4Address senderIp;
     public final Inet4Address targetIp;
     public final MacAddress senderHwAddress;
     public final MacAddress targetHwAddress;
 
-    ArpPacket(short opCode, MacAddress senderHwAddress, Inet4Address senderIp,
-            MacAddress targetHwAddress, Inet4Address targetIp) {
+    ArpPacket(MacAddress destination, MacAddress source, short opCode, MacAddress senderHwAddress,
+            Inet4Address senderIp, MacAddress targetHwAddress, Inet4Address targetIp) {
+        this.destination = destination;
+        this.source = source;
         this.opCode = opCode;
         this.senderHwAddress = senderHwAddress;
         this.senderIp = senderIp;
@@ -145,7 +149,9 @@
             buffer.get(targetHwAddress);
             buffer.get(targetIp);
 
-            return new ArpPacket(opCode, MacAddress.fromBytes(senderHwAddress),
+            return new ArpPacket(MacAddress.fromBytes(l2dst),
+                    MacAddress.fromBytes(l2src), opCode,
+                    MacAddress.fromBytes(senderHwAddress),
                     (Inet4Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(senderIp),
                     MacAddress.fromBytes(targetHwAddress),
                     (Inet4Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(targetIp));
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java
index 4f76577..fecaa09 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_INET_DIAG;
 
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_DONE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCK_DESTROY;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY;
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.hexify;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCKDIAG_MSG_HEADER_SIZE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.stringForAddressFamily;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.stringForProtocol;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.IO_TIMEOUT_MS;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.TCP_ALIVE_STATE_FILTER;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.connectToKernel;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
@@ -59,8 +59,11 @@
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
@@ -154,7 +157,8 @@
     }
 
     public StructInetDiagMsg inetDiagMsg;
-
+    // The netlink attributes.
+    public List<StructNlAttr> nlAttrs = new ArrayList<>();
     @VisibleForTesting
     public InetDiagMessage(@NonNull StructNlMsgHdr header) {
         super(header);
@@ -172,6 +176,19 @@
         if (msg.inetDiagMsg == null) {
             return null;
         }
+        final int payloadLength = header.nlmsg_len - SOCKDIAG_MSG_HEADER_SIZE;
+        final ByteBuffer payload = byteBuffer.slice();
+        while (payload.position() < payloadLength) {
+            final StructNlAttr attr = StructNlAttr.parse(payload);
+            // Stop parsing for truncated or malformed attribute
+            if (attr == null)  {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Got truncated or malformed attribute");
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            msg.nlAttrs.add(attr);
+        }
+
         return msg;
     }
 
@@ -265,7 +282,7 @@
         int uid = INVALID_UID;
         FileDescriptor fd = null;
         try {
-            fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_INET_DIAG);
+            fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_INET_DIAG, SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE);
             connectToKernel(fd);
             uid = lookupUid(protocol, local, remote, fd);
         } catch (ErrnoException | SocketException | IllegalArgumentException
@@ -307,9 +324,8 @@
         NetlinkUtils.receiveNetlinkAck(fd);
     }
 
-    private static void sendNetlinkDumpRequest(FileDescriptor fd, int proto, int states, int family)
-            throws InterruptedIOException, ErrnoException {
-        final byte[] dumpMsg = InetDiagMessage.inetDiagReqV2(
+    private static byte [] makeNetlinkDumpRequest(int proto, int states, int family) {
+        return InetDiagMessage.inetDiagReqV2(
                 proto,
                 null /* id */,
                 family,
@@ -318,51 +334,29 @@
                 0 /* pad */,
                 0 /* idiagExt */,
                 states);
-        NetlinkUtils.sendMessage(fd, dumpMsg, 0, dumpMsg.length, IO_TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
 
-    private static int processNetlinkDumpAndDestroySockets(FileDescriptor dumpFd,
+    private static int processNetlinkDumpAndDestroySockets(byte[] dumpReq,
             FileDescriptor destroyFd, int proto, Predicate<InetDiagMessage> filter)
-            throws InterruptedIOException, ErrnoException {
-        int destroyedSockets = 0;
-
-        while (true) {
-            final ByteBuffer buf = NetlinkUtils.recvMessage(
-                    dumpFd, DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE, IO_TIMEOUT_MS);
-
-            while (buf.remaining() > 0) {
-                final int position = buf.position();
-                final NetlinkMessage nlMsg = NetlinkMessage.parse(buf, NETLINK_INET_DIAG);
-                if (nlMsg == null) {
-                    // Move to the position where parse started for error log.
-                    buf.position(position);
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to parse netlink message: " + hexify(buf));
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                if (nlMsg.getHeader().nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE) {
-                    return destroyedSockets;
-                }
-
-                if (!(nlMsg instanceof InetDiagMessage)) {
-                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Received unexpected netlink message: " + nlMsg);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                final InetDiagMessage diagMsg = (InetDiagMessage) nlMsg;
-                if (filter.test(diagMsg)) {
-                    try {
-                        sendNetlinkDestroyRequest(destroyFd, proto, diagMsg);
-                        destroyedSockets++;
-                    } catch (InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
-                        if (!(e instanceof ErrnoException
-                                && ((ErrnoException) e).errno == ENOENT)) {
-                            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to destroy socket: diagMsg=" + diagMsg + ", " + e);
-                        }
+            throws SocketException, InterruptedIOException, ErrnoException {
+        AtomicInteger destroyedSockets = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        Consumer<InetDiagMessage> handleNlDumpMsg = (diagMsg) -> {
+            if (filter.test(diagMsg)) {
+                try {
+                    sendNetlinkDestroyRequest(destroyFd, proto, diagMsg);
+                    destroyedSockets.getAndIncrement();
+                } catch (InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
+                    if (!(e instanceof ErrnoException
+                            && ((ErrnoException) e).errno == ENOENT)) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to destroy socket: diagMsg=" + diagMsg + ", " + e);
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        };
+
+        NetlinkUtils.<InetDiagMessage>getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessages(dumpReq,
+                NETLINK_INET_DIAG, InetDiagMessage.class, handleNlDumpMsg);
+        return destroyedSockets.get();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -420,31 +414,28 @@
 
     private static void destroySockets(int proto, int states, Predicate<InetDiagMessage> filter)
             throws ErrnoException, SocketException, InterruptedIOException {
-        FileDescriptor dumpFd = null;
         FileDescriptor destroyFd = null;
 
         try {
-            dumpFd = NetlinkUtils.createNetLinkInetDiagSocket();
             destroyFd = NetlinkUtils.createNetLinkInetDiagSocket();
-            connectToKernel(dumpFd);
             connectToKernel(destroyFd);
 
             for (int family : List.of(AF_INET, AF_INET6)) {
+                byte[] req = makeNetlinkDumpRequest(proto, states, family);
+
                 try {
-                    sendNetlinkDumpRequest(dumpFd, proto, states, family);
-                } catch (InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to send netlink dump request: " + e);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                final int destroyedSockets = processNetlinkDumpAndDestroySockets(
-                        dumpFd, destroyFd, proto, filter);
-                Log.d(TAG, "Destroyed " + destroyedSockets + " sockets"
+                    final int destroyedSockets = processNetlinkDumpAndDestroySockets(
+                            req, destroyFd, proto, filter);
+                    Log.d(TAG, "Destroyed " + destroyedSockets + " sockets"
                         + ", proto=" + stringForProtocol(proto)
                         + ", family=" + stringForAddressFamily(family)
                         + ", states=" + states);
+                } catch (SocketException | InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to send netlink dump request or receive messages: " + e);
+                    continue;
+                }
             }
         } finally {
-            closeSocketQuietly(dumpFd);
             closeSocketQuietly(destroyFd);
         }
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java
index defc88a..4f58380 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@
             case StructNdOptRdnss.TYPE:
                 return StructNdOptRdnss.parse(buf);
 
+            case StructNdOptPio.TYPE:
+                return StructNdOptPio.parse(buf);
+
             default:
                 int newPosition = Math.min(buf.limit(), buf.position() + length * 8);
                 buf.position(newPosition);
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java
index bdf574d..586f19d 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
@@ -63,6 +64,20 @@
     /** The IP address that sent the packet containing the option. */
     public final InetAddress srcaddr;
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NduseroptMessage(@NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header, byte family, int optslen,
+            int ifindex, byte icmptype, byte icmpcode, @NonNull final NdOption option,
+            final InetAddress srcaddr) {
+        super(header);
+        this.family = family;
+        this.opts_len = optslen;
+        this.ifindex = ifindex;
+        this.icmp_type = icmptype;
+        this.icmp_code = icmpcode;
+        this.option = option;
+        this.srcaddr = srcaddr;
+    }
+
     NduseroptMessage(@NonNull StructNlMsgHdr header, @NonNull ByteBuffer buf)
             throws UnknownHostException {
         super(header);
@@ -141,8 +156,9 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return String.format("Nduseroptmsg(%d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %s)",
+        return String.format("Nduseroptmsg(family:%d, opts_len:%d, ifindex:%d, icmp_type:%d, "
+                + "icmp_code:%d, srcaddr: %s, %s)",
                 family, opts_len, ifindex, Byte.toUnsignedInt(icmp_type),
-                Byte.toUnsignedInt(icmp_code), srcaddr.getHostAddress());
+                Byte.toUnsignedInt(icmp_code), srcaddr.getHostAddress(), option);
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java
index 44c51d8..1896de6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
     public static final short RTM_NEWRULE                   = 32;
     public static final short RTM_DELRULE                   = 33;
     public static final short RTM_GETRULE                   = 34;
+    public static final short RTM_NEWPREFIX                 = 52;
     public static final short RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT              = 68;
 
     // Netfilter netlink message types are presented by two bytes: high byte subsystem and
@@ -148,9 +149,14 @@
     public static final int RTMGRP_IPV4_IFADDR = 0x10;
     public static final int RTMGRP_IPV6_IFADDR = 0x100;
     public static final int RTMGRP_IPV6_ROUTE  = 0x400;
+    public static final int RTNLGRP_IPV6_PREFIX = 18;
+    public static final int RTMGRP_IPV6_PREFIX = 1 << (RTNLGRP_IPV6_PREFIX - 1);
     public static final int RTNLGRP_ND_USEROPT = 20;
     public static final int RTMGRP_ND_USEROPT = 1 << (RTNLGRP_ND_USEROPT - 1);
 
+    // Netlink family
+    public static final short RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR = 129;
+
     // Device flags.
     public static final int IFF_UP       = 1 << 0;
     public static final int IFF_LOWER_UP = 1 << 16;
@@ -204,6 +210,7 @@
             case RTM_NEWRULE: return "RTM_NEWRULE";
             case RTM_DELRULE: return "RTM_DELRULE";
             case RTM_GETRULE: return "RTM_GETRULE";
+            case RTM_NEWPREFIX: return "RTM_NEWPREFIX";
             case RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT: return "RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT";
             default: return "unknown RTM type: " + String.valueOf(nlmType);
         }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
index 9e1e26e..781a04e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
@@ -16,12 +16,17 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.NETLINK_XFRM;
+
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage;
+
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 
 /**
  * NetlinkMessage base class for other, more specific netlink message types.
@@ -75,6 +80,8 @@
             parsed = parseInetDiagMessage(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
         } else if (nlFamily == OsConstants.NETLINK_NETFILTER) {
             parsed = parseNfMessage(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
+        } else if (nlFamily == NETLINK_XFRM) {
+            parsed = parseXfrmMessage(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
         } else {
             parsed = null;
         }
@@ -135,6 +142,7 @@
                 return (NetlinkMessage) RtNetlinkAddressMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
             case NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWROUTE:
             case NetlinkConstants.RTM_DELROUTE:
+            case NetlinkConstants.RTM_GETROUTE:
                 return (NetlinkMessage) RtNetlinkRouteMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
             case NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNEIGH:
             case NetlinkConstants.RTM_DELNEIGH:
@@ -168,4 +176,19 @@
             default: return null;
         }
     }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static NetlinkMessage parseXfrmMessage(
+            @NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr, @NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        return (NetlinkMessage) XfrmNetlinkMessage.parseXfrmInternal(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    /** A convenient method to create a ByteBuffer for encoding a new message */
+    protected static ByteBuffer newNlMsgByteBuffer(int payloadLen) {
+        final int length = StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE + payloadLen;
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        return byteBuffer;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
index f1f30d3..541a375 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_RCVTIMEO;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_SNDTIMEO;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.hexify;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_DONE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
+
 import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -44,10 +50,14 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
  * Utilities for netlink related class that may not be able to fit into a specific class.
@@ -76,6 +86,7 @@
 
     public static final int DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE = 8 * 1024;
     public static final int SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE = 64 * 1024;
+    public static final int SOCKET_DUMP_RECV_BUFSIZE = 128 * 1024;
 
     /**
      * Return whether the input ByteBuffer contains enough remaining bytes for
@@ -150,7 +161,7 @@
      */
     public static void sendOneShotKernelMessage(int nlProto, byte[] msg) throws ErrnoException {
         final String errPrefix = "Error in NetlinkSocket.sendOneShotKernelMessage";
-        final FileDescriptor fd = netlinkSocketForProto(nlProto);
+        final FileDescriptor fd = netlinkSocketForProto(nlProto, SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE);
 
         try {
             connectToKernel(fd);
@@ -163,28 +174,24 @@
             Log.e(TAG, errPrefix, e);
             throw new ErrnoException(errPrefix, EIO, e);
         } finally {
-            try {
-                SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd);
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                // Nothing we can do here
-            }
+            closeSocketQuietly(fd);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Send an RTM_NEWADDR message to kernel to add or update an IPv6 address.
+     * Send an RTM_NEWADDR message to kernel to add or update an IP address.
      *
      * @param ifIndex interface index.
-     * @param ip IPv6 address to be added.
-     * @param prefixlen IPv6 address prefix length.
-     * @param flags IPv6 address flags.
-     * @param scope IPv6 address scope.
-     * @param preferred The preferred lifetime of IPv6 address.
-     * @param valid The valid lifetime of IPv6 address.
+     * @param ip IP address to be added.
+     * @param prefixlen IP address prefix length.
+     * @param flags IP address flags.
+     * @param scope IP address scope.
+     * @param preferred The preferred lifetime of IP address.
+     * @param valid The valid lifetime of IP address.
      */
-    public static boolean sendRtmNewAddressRequest(int ifIndex, @NonNull final Inet6Address ip,
+    public static boolean sendRtmNewAddressRequest(int ifIndex, @NonNull final InetAddress ip,
             short prefixlen, int flags, byte scope, long preferred, long valid) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(ip, "IPv6 address to be added should not be null.");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ip, "IP address to be added should not be null.");
         final byte[] msg = RtNetlinkAddressMessage.newRtmNewAddressMessage(1 /* seqNo*/, ip,
                 prefixlen, flags, scope, ifIndex, preferred, valid);
         try {
@@ -218,22 +225,41 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Create netlink socket with the given netlink protocol type.
+     * Create netlink socket with the given netlink protocol type and buffersize.
+     *
+     * @param nlProto the netlink protocol
+     * @param bufferSize the receive buffer size to set when the value is not 0
      *
      * @return fd the fileDescriptor of the socket.
      * @throws ErrnoException if the FileDescriptor not connect to be created successfully
      */
-    public static FileDescriptor netlinkSocketForProto(int nlProto) throws ErrnoException {
-        final FileDescriptor fd = Os.socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, nlProto);
-        Os.setsockoptInt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE);
+    public static FileDescriptor netlinkSocketForProto(int nlProto, int bufferSize)
+            throws ErrnoException {
+        final FileDescriptor fd = Os.socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, nlProto);
+        if (bufferSize > 0) {
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, bufferSize);
+        }
         return fd;
     }
 
     /**
+     * Create netlink socket with the given netlink protocol type. Receive buffer size is not set.
+     *
+     * @param nlProto the netlink protocol
+     *
+     * @return fd the fileDescriptor of the socket.
+     * @throws ErrnoException if the FileDescriptor not connect to be created successfully
+     */
+    public static FileDescriptor netlinkSocketForProto(int nlProto)
+            throws ErrnoException {
+        return netlinkSocketForProto(nlProto, 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Construct a netlink inet_diag socket.
      */
     public static FileDescriptor createNetLinkInetDiagSocket() throws ErrnoException {
-        return Os.socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_INET_DIAG);
+        return netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_INET_DIAG);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -308,4 +334,139 @@
     }
 
     private NetlinkUtils() {}
+
+    private static <T extends NetlinkMessage> void getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessagesWithFd(
+            FileDescriptor fd, byte[] dumpRequestMessage, int nlFamily, Class<T> msgClass,
+            Consumer<T> func)
+            throws SocketException, InterruptedIOException, ErrnoException {
+        // connecToKernel throws ErrnoException and SocketException, should be handled by caller
+        connectToKernel(fd);
+
+        // sendMessage throws InterruptedIOException and ErrnoException,
+        // should be handled by caller
+        sendMessage(fd, dumpRequestMessage, 0, dumpRequestMessage.length, IO_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        while (true) {
+            // recvMessage throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException
+            // should be handled by caller
+            final ByteBuffer buf = recvMessage(
+                    fd, NetlinkUtils.DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE, IO_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            while (buf.remaining() > 0) {
+                final int position = buf.position();
+                final NetlinkMessage nlMsg = NetlinkMessage.parse(buf, nlFamily);
+                if (nlMsg == null) {
+                    // Move to the position where parse started for error log.
+                    buf.position(position);
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to parse netlink message: " + hexify(buf));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (nlMsg.getHeader().nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (!msgClass.isInstance(nlMsg)) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Received unexpected netlink message: " + nlMsg);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                final T msg = (T) nlMsg;
+                func.accept(msg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sends a netlink dump request and processes the returned dump messages
+     *
+     * @param <T> extends NetlinkMessage
+     * @param dumpRequestMessage netlink dump request message to be sent
+     * @param nlFamily netlink family
+     * @param msgClass expected class of the netlink message
+     * @param func function defined by caller to handle the dump messages
+     * @throws SocketException when fails to connect socket to kernel
+     * @throws InterruptedIOException when fails to read the dumpFd
+     * @throws ErrnoException when fails to create dump fd, send dump request
+     *                        or receive messages
+     */
+    public static <T extends NetlinkMessage> void getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessages(
+            byte[] dumpRequestMessage, int nlFamily, Class<T> msgClass,
+            Consumer<T> func)
+            throws SocketException, InterruptedIOException, ErrnoException {
+        // Create socket
+        final FileDescriptor fd = netlinkSocketForProto(nlFamily, SOCKET_DUMP_RECV_BUFSIZE);
+        try {
+            getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessagesWithFd(fd, dumpRequestMessage, nlFamily,
+                    msgClass, func);
+        } finally {
+            closeSocketQuietly(fd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a RTM_GETROUTE message for dumping multicast IPv6 routes from kernel.
+     */
+    private static byte[] newIpv6MulticastRouteDumpRequest() {
+        final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr = new StructNlMsgHdr();
+        nlmsghdr.nlmsg_type = NetlinkConstants.RTM_GETROUTE;
+        nlmsghdr.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP;
+        final short shortZero = 0;
+
+        // family must be RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR to dump IPv6 multicast routes.
+        // dstLen, srcLen, tos and scope must be zero in FIB dump request.
+        // protocol, flags must be 0, and type must be RTN_MULTICAST (if not 0) for multicast
+        // dump request.
+        // table or RTA_TABLE attributes can be used to dump a specific routing table.
+        // RTA_OIF attribute can be used to dump only routes containing given oif.
+        // Here no attributes are set so the kernel can return all multicast routes.
+        final StructRtMsg rtMsg =
+                new StructRtMsg(RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR /* family */, shortZero /* dstLen */,
+                        shortZero /* srcLen */, shortZero /* tos */, shortZero /* table */,
+                        shortZero /* protocol */, shortZero /* scope */, shortZero /* type */,
+                        0L /* flags */);
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage msg =
+            new RtNetlinkRouteMessage(nlmsghdr, rtMsg);
+
+        final int spaceRequired = StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE + StructRtMsg.STRUCT_SIZE;
+        nlmsghdr.nlmsg_len = spaceRequired;
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[NetlinkConstants.alignedLengthOf(spaceRequired)];
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        msg.pack(byteBuffer);
+        return bytes;
+     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of IPv6 multicast route messages from kernel.
+     */
+    public static List<RtNetlinkRouteMessage> getIpv6MulticastRoutes() {
+        final byte[] dumpMsg = newIpv6MulticastRouteDumpRequest();
+        List<RtNetlinkRouteMessage> routes = new ArrayList<>();
+        Consumer<RtNetlinkRouteMessage> handleNlDumpMsg = (msg) -> {
+            if (msg.getRtmFamily() == RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR) {
+                // Sent rtmFamily RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR in dump request to make sure ipv6
+                // multicast routes are included in netlink reply messages, the kernel
+                // may also reply with other kind of routes, so we filter them out here.
+                routes.add(msg);
+            }
+        };
+        try {
+            NetlinkUtils.<RtNetlinkRouteMessage>getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessages(
+                    dumpMsg, NETLINK_ROUTE, RtNetlinkRouteMessage.class,
+                    handleNlDumpMsg);
+        } catch (SocketException | InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to dump multicast routes");
+            return routes;
+        }
+
+        return routes;
+    }
+
+    private static void closeSocketQuietly(final FileDescriptor fd) {
+        try {
+            SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Nothing we can do here
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessage.java
index cbe0ab0..4846df7 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessage.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.getBroadcastAddress;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_ACK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REPLACE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
 
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@
  */
 public class RtNetlinkAddressMessage extends NetlinkMessage {
     public static final short IFA_ADDRESS        = 1;
+    public static final short IFA_LOCAL          = 2;
+    public static final short IFA_BROADCAST      = 4;
     public static final short IFA_CACHEINFO      = 6;
     public static final short IFA_FLAGS          = 8;
 
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@
         mIfacacheInfo = structIfacacheInfo;
         mFlags = flags;
     }
+
     private RtNetlinkAddressMessage(@NonNull StructNlMsgHdr header) {
         this(header, null, null, null, 0);
     }
@@ -158,6 +163,24 @@
         // still be packed to ByteBuffer even if the flag is 0.
         final StructNlAttr flags = new StructNlAttr(IFA_FLAGS, mFlags);
         flags.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        // Add the required IFA_LOCAL and IFA_BROADCAST attributes for IPv4 addresses. The IFA_LOCAL
+        // attribute represents the local address, which is equivalent to IFA_ADDRESS on a normally
+        // configured broadcast interface, however, for PPP interfaces, IFA_ADDRESS indicates the
+        // destination address and the local address is provided in the IFA_LOCAL attribute. If the
+        // IFA_LOCAL attribute is not present in the RTM_NEWADDR message, the kernel replies with an
+        // error netlink message with invalid parameters. IFA_BROADCAST is also required, otherwise
+        // the broadcast on the interface is 0.0.0.0. See include/uapi/linux/if_addr.h for details.
+        // For IPv6 addresses, the IFA_ADDRESS attribute applies and introduces no ambiguity.
+        if (mIpAddress instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            final StructNlAttr localAddress = new StructNlAttr(IFA_LOCAL, mIpAddress);
+            localAddress.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+            final Inet4Address broadcast =
+                    getBroadcastAddress((Inet4Address) mIpAddress, mIfaddrmsg.prefixLen);
+            final StructNlAttr broadcastAddress = new StructNlAttr(IFA_BROADCAST, broadcast);
+            broadcastAddress.pack(byteBuffer);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -184,7 +207,7 @@
                 0 /* tstamp */);
         msg.mFlags = flags;
 
-        final byte[] bytes = new byte[msg.getRequiredSpace()];
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[msg.getRequiredSpace(family)];
         nlmsghdr.nlmsg_len = bytes.length;
         final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
         byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
@@ -237,7 +260,7 @@
     // RtNetlinkAddressMessage, e.g. RTM_DELADDR sent from user space to kernel to delete an
     // IP address only requires IFA_ADDRESS attribute. The caller should check if these attributes
     // are necessary to carry when constructing a RtNetlinkAddressMessage.
-    private int getRequiredSpace() {
+    private int getRequiredSpace(int family) {
         int spaceRequired = StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE + StructIfaddrMsg.STRUCT_SIZE;
         // IFA_ADDRESS attr
         spaceRequired += NetlinkConstants.alignedLengthOf(
@@ -247,6 +270,14 @@
                 StructNlAttr.NLA_HEADERLEN + StructIfacacheInfo.STRUCT_SIZE);
         // IFA_FLAGS "u32" attr
         spaceRequired += StructNlAttr.NLA_HEADERLEN + 4;
+        if (family == OsConstants.AF_INET) {
+            // IFA_LOCAL attr
+            spaceRequired += NetlinkConstants.alignedLengthOf(
+                    StructNlAttr.NLA_HEADERLEN + mIpAddress.getAddress().length);
+            // IFA_BROADCAST attr
+            spaceRequired += NetlinkConstants.alignedLengthOf(
+                    StructNlAttr.NLA_HEADERLEN + mIpAddress.getAddress().length);
+        }
         return spaceRequired;
     }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
index 92ec0c4..df7010e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@
     public static final short IFLA_ADDRESS   = 1;
     public static final short IFLA_IFNAME    = 3;
     public static final short IFLA_MTU       = 4;
+    public static final short IFLA_INET6_ADDR_GEN_MODE = 8;
+    public static final short IFLA_AF_SPEC = 26;
+
+    public static final short IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE = 1;
 
     private int mMtu;
     @NonNull
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessage.java
index 9acac69..545afea 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessage.java
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ANY;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR;
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -49,31 +51,78 @@
  */
 public class RtNetlinkRouteMessage extends NetlinkMessage {
     public static final short RTA_DST           = 1;
+    public static final short RTA_SRC           = 2;
+    public static final short RTA_IIF           = 3;
     public static final short RTA_OIF           = 4;
     public static final short RTA_GATEWAY       = 5;
     public static final short RTA_CACHEINFO     = 12;
+    public static final short RTA_EXPIRES       = 23;
 
-    private int mIfindex;
+    public static final short RTNH_F_UNRESOLVED = 32;   // The multicast route is unresolved
+
+    public static final String TAG = "NetlinkRouteMessage";
+
+    // For multicast routes, whether the route is resolved or unresolved
+    private boolean mIsResolved;
+    // The interface index for incoming interface, this is set for multicast
+    // routes, see common/net/ipv4/ipmr_base.c mr_fill_mroute
+    private int mIifIndex; // Incoming interface of a route, for resolved multicast routes
+    private int mOifIndex;
     @NonNull
     private StructRtMsg mRtmsg;
-    @NonNull
-    private IpPrefix mDestination;
+    @Nullable
+    private IpPrefix mSource; // Source address of a route, for all multicast routes
+    @Nullable
+    private IpPrefix mDestination; // Destination of a route, can be null for RTM_GETROUTE
     @Nullable
     private InetAddress mGateway;
     @Nullable
     private StructRtaCacheInfo mRtaCacheInfo;
+    private long mSinceLastUseMillis; // Milliseconds since the route was used,
+                                      // for resolved multicast routes
 
-    private RtNetlinkRouteMessage(StructNlMsgHdr header) {
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public RtNetlinkRouteMessage(final StructNlMsgHdr header, final StructRtMsg rtMsg,
+            final IpPrefix source, final IpPrefix destination, final InetAddress gateway,
+            int iif, int oif, final StructRtaCacheInfo cacheInfo) {
         super(header);
-        mRtmsg = null;
-        mDestination = null;
-        mGateway = null;
-        mIfindex = 0;
-        mRtaCacheInfo = null;
+        mRtmsg = rtMsg;
+        mSource = source;
+        mDestination = destination;
+        mGateway = gateway;
+        mIifIndex = iif;
+        mOifIndex = oif;
+        mRtaCacheInfo = cacheInfo;
+        mSinceLastUseMillis = -1;
+    }
+
+    public RtNetlinkRouteMessage(StructNlMsgHdr header, StructRtMsg rtMsg) {
+        this(header, rtMsg, null /* source */, null /* destination */, null /* gateway */,
+                0 /* iif */, 0 /* oif */, null /* cacheInfo */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the rtnetlink family.
+     */
+    public short getRtmFamily() {
+        return mRtmsg.family;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns if the route is resolved. This is always true for unicast,
+     * and may be false only for multicast routes.
+     */
+    public boolean isResolved() {
+        return mIsResolved;
+    }
+
+    public int getIifIndex() {
+        return mIifIndex;
     }
 
     public int getInterfaceIndex() {
-        return mIfindex;
+        return mOifIndex;
     }
 
     @NonNull
@@ -86,6 +135,14 @@
         return mDestination;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get source address of a route. This is for multicast routes.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public IpPrefix getSource() {
+        return mSource;
+    }
+
     @Nullable
     public InetAddress getGateway() {
         return mGateway;
@@ -97,6 +154,18 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * RTA_EXPIRES attribute returned by kernel to indicate the clock ticks
+     * from the route was last used to now, converted to milliseconds.
+     * This is set for multicast routes.
+     *
+     * Note that this value is not updated with the passage of time. It always
+     * returns the value that was read when the netlink message was parsed.
+     */
+    public long getSinceLastUseMillis() {
+        return mSinceLastUseMillis;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Check whether the address families of destination and gateway match rtm_family in
      * StructRtmsg.
      *
@@ -107,7 +176,8 @@
     private static boolean matchRouteAddressFamily(@NonNull final InetAddress address,
             int family) {
         return ((address instanceof Inet4Address) && (family == AF_INET))
-                || ((address instanceof Inet6Address) && (family == AF_INET6));
+                || ((address instanceof Inet6Address) &&
+                        (family == AF_INET6 || family == RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -121,11 +191,11 @@
     @Nullable
     public static RtNetlinkRouteMessage parse(@NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header,
             @NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
-        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = new RtNetlinkRouteMessage(header);
-
-        routeMsg.mRtmsg = StructRtMsg.parse(byteBuffer);
-        if (routeMsg.mRtmsg == null) return null;
+        final StructRtMsg rtmsg = StructRtMsg.parse(byteBuffer);
+        if (rtmsg == null) return null;
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = new RtNetlinkRouteMessage(header, rtmsg);
         int rtmFamily = routeMsg.mRtmsg.family;
+        routeMsg.mIsResolved = ((routeMsg.mRtmsg.flags & RTNH_F_UNRESOLVED) == 0);
 
         // RTA_DST
         final int baseOffset = byteBuffer.position();
@@ -139,12 +209,24 @@
             routeMsg.mDestination = new IpPrefix(destination, routeMsg.mRtmsg.dstLen);
         } else if (rtmFamily == AF_INET) {
             routeMsg.mDestination = new IpPrefix(IPV4_ADDR_ANY, 0);
-        } else if (rtmFamily == AF_INET6) {
+        } else if (rtmFamily == AF_INET6 || rtmFamily == RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR) {
             routeMsg.mDestination = new IpPrefix(IPV6_ADDR_ANY, 0);
         } else {
             return null;
         }
 
+        // RTA_SRC
+        byteBuffer.position(baseOffset);
+        nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(RTA_SRC, byteBuffer);
+        if (nlAttr != null) {
+            final InetAddress source = nlAttr.getValueAsInetAddress();
+            // If the RTA_SRC attribute is malformed, return null.
+            if (source == null) return null;
+            // If the address family of destination doesn't match rtm_family, return null.
+            if (!matchRouteAddressFamily(source, rtmFamily)) return null;
+            routeMsg.mSource = new IpPrefix(source, routeMsg.mRtmsg.srcLen);
+        }
+
         // RTA_GATEWAY
         byteBuffer.position(baseOffset);
         nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(RTA_GATEWAY, byteBuffer);
@@ -156,6 +238,17 @@
             if (!matchRouteAddressFamily(routeMsg.mGateway, rtmFamily)) return null;
         }
 
+        // RTA_IIF
+        byteBuffer.position(baseOffset);
+        nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(RTA_IIF, byteBuffer);
+        if (nlAttr != null) {
+            Integer iifInteger = nlAttr.getValueAsInteger();
+            if (iifInteger == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            routeMsg.mIifIndex = iifInteger;
+        }
+
         // RTA_OIF
         byteBuffer.position(baseOffset);
         nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(RTA_OIF, byteBuffer);
@@ -164,7 +257,7 @@
             // the interface index to a name themselves. This may not succeed or may be
             // incorrect, because the interface might have been deleted, or even deleted
             // and re-added with a different index, since the netlink message was sent.
-            routeMsg.mIfindex = nlAttr.getValueAsInt(0 /* 0 isn't a valid ifindex */);
+            routeMsg.mOifIndex = nlAttr.getValueAsInt(0 /* 0 isn't a valid ifindex */);
         }
 
         // RTA_CACHEINFO
@@ -174,33 +267,59 @@
             routeMsg.mRtaCacheInfo = StructRtaCacheInfo.parse(nlAttr.getValueAsByteBuffer());
         }
 
+        // RTA_EXPIRES
+        byteBuffer.position(baseOffset);
+        nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(RTA_EXPIRES, byteBuffer);
+        if (nlAttr != null) {
+            final Long sinceLastUseCentis = nlAttr.getValueAsLong();
+            // If the RTA_EXPIRES attribute is malformed, return null.
+            if (sinceLastUseCentis == null) return null;
+            // RTA_EXPIRES returns time in clock ticks of USER_HZ(100), which is centiseconds
+            routeMsg.mSinceLastUseMillis = sinceLastUseCentis * 10;
+        }
+
         return routeMsg;
     }
 
     /**
      * Write a rtnetlink address message to {@link ByteBuffer}.
      */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    protected void pack(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+    public void pack(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
         getHeader().pack(byteBuffer);
         mRtmsg.pack(byteBuffer);
 
-        final StructNlAttr destination = new StructNlAttr(RTA_DST, mDestination.getAddress());
-        destination.pack(byteBuffer);
+        if (mSource != null) {
+            final StructNlAttr source = new StructNlAttr(RTA_SRC, mSource.getAddress());
+            source.pack(byteBuffer);
+        }
+
+        if (mDestination != null) {
+            final StructNlAttr destination = new StructNlAttr(RTA_DST, mDestination.getAddress());
+            destination.pack(byteBuffer);
+        }
 
         if (mGateway != null) {
             final StructNlAttr gateway = new StructNlAttr(RTA_GATEWAY, mGateway.getAddress());
             gateway.pack(byteBuffer);
         }
-        if (mIfindex != 0) {
-            final StructNlAttr ifindex = new StructNlAttr(RTA_OIF, mIfindex);
-            ifindex.pack(byteBuffer);
+        if (mIifIndex != 0) {
+            final StructNlAttr iifindex = new StructNlAttr(RTA_IIF, mIifIndex);
+            iifindex.pack(byteBuffer);
+        }
+        if (mOifIndex != 0) {
+            final StructNlAttr oifindex = new StructNlAttr(RTA_OIF, mOifIndex);
+            oifindex.pack(byteBuffer);
         }
         if (mRtaCacheInfo != null) {
             final StructNlAttr cacheInfo = new StructNlAttr(RTA_CACHEINFO,
                     mRtaCacheInfo.writeToBytes());
             cacheInfo.pack(byteBuffer);
         }
+        if (mSinceLastUseMillis >= 0) {
+            final long sinceLastUseCentis = mSinceLastUseMillis / 10;
+            final StructNlAttr expires = new StructNlAttr(RTA_EXPIRES, sinceLastUseCentis);
+            expires.pack(byteBuffer);
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -208,10 +327,14 @@
         return "RtNetlinkRouteMessage{ "
                 + "nlmsghdr{" + mHeader.toString(OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE) + "}, "
                 + "Rtmsg{" + mRtmsg.toString() + "}, "
-                + "destination{" + mDestination.getAddress().getHostAddress() + "}, "
+                + (mSource == null ? "" : "source{" + mSource.getAddress().getHostAddress() + "}, ")
+                + (mDestination == null ?
+                        "" : "destination{" + mDestination.getAddress().getHostAddress() + "}, ")
                 + "gateway{" + (mGateway == null ? "" : mGateway.getHostAddress()) + "}, "
-                + "ifindex{" + mIfindex + "}, "
+                + (mIifIndex == 0 ? "" : "iifindex{" + mIifIndex + "}, ")
+                + "oifindex{" + mOifIndex + "}, "
                 + "rta_cacheinfo{" + (mRtaCacheInfo == null ? "" : mRtaCacheInfo.toString()) + "} "
+                + (mSinceLastUseMillis < 0 ? "" : "sinceLastUseMillis{" + mSinceLastUseMillis + "}")
                 + "}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructIfinfoMsg.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructIfinfoMsg.java
index 02d1574..28eeaea 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructIfinfoMsg.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructIfinfoMsg.java
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U32)
     public final long change;
 
-    StructIfinfoMsg(short family, int type, int index, long flags, long change) {
+    public StructIfinfoMsg(short family, int type, int index, long flags, long change) {
         this.family = family;
         this.type = type;
         this.index = index;
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPio.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPio.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65541eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPio.java
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+
+import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * The Prefix Information Option. RFC 4861.
+ *
+ * 0                   1                   2                   3
+ * 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |     Type      |    Length     | Prefix Length |L|A|R|P| Rsvd1 |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                         Valid Lifetime                        |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                       Preferred Lifetime                      |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                           Reserved2                           |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +                                                               +
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +                            Prefix                             +
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +                                                               +
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ */
+public class StructNdOptPio extends NdOption {
+    private static final String TAG = StructNdOptPio.class.getSimpleName();
+    public static final int TYPE = 3;
+    public static final byte LENGTH = 4; // Length in 8-byte units
+
+    public final byte flags;
+    public final long preferred;
+    public final long valid;
+    @NonNull
+    public final IpPrefix prefix;
+
+    public StructNdOptPio(byte flags, long preferred, long valid, @NonNull final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        super((byte) TYPE, LENGTH);
+        this.prefix = Objects.requireNonNull(prefix, "prefix must not be null");
+        this.flags = flags;
+        this.preferred = preferred;
+        this.valid = valid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a PrefixInformation option from a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     *
+     * @param buf The buffer from which to parse the option. The buffer's byte order must be
+     *            {@link java.nio.ByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN}.
+     * @return the parsed option, or {@code null} if the option could not be parsed successfully.
+     */
+    public static StructNdOptPio parse(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) {
+        if (buf == null || buf.remaining() < LENGTH * 8) return null;
+        try {
+            final PrefixInformationOption pio = Struct.parse(PrefixInformationOption.class, buf);
+            if (pio.type != TYPE) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid type " + pio.type);
+            }
+            if (pio.length != LENGTH) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid length " + pio.length);
+            }
+            return new StructNdOptPio(pio.flags, pio.preferredLifetime, pio.validLifetime,
+                    pio.getIpPrefix());
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | BufferUnderflowException e) {
+            // Not great, but better than throwing an exception that might crash the caller.
+            // Convention in this package is that null indicates that the option was truncated
+            // or malformed, so callers must already handle it.
+            Log.d(TAG, "Invalid PIO option: " + e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void writeToByteBuffer(ByteBuffer buf) {
+        buf.put(PrefixInformationOption.build(prefix, flags, valid, preferred));
+    }
+
+    /** Outputs the wire format of the option to a new big-endian ByteBuffer. */
+    public ByteBuffer toByteBuffer() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(Struct.getSize(PrefixInformationOption.class));
+        writeToByteBuffer(buf);
+        buf.flip();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @NonNull
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("NdOptPio(flags:%s, preferred lft:%s, valid lft:%s, prefix:%s)",
+                HexDump.toHexString(flags), preferred, valid, prefix);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttr.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttr.java
index a9b6495..43e8312 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttr.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttr.java
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import static java.nio.ByteOrder.nativeOrder;
+
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
@@ -152,12 +154,12 @@
         nla_type = type;
         setValue(new byte[Short.BYTES]);
         final ByteBuffer buf = getValueAsByteBuffer();
-        final ByteOrder originalOrder = buf.order();
+        // ByteBuffer returned by getValueAsByteBuffer is always in native byte order.
         try {
             buf.order(order);
             buf.putShort(value);
         } finally {
-            buf.order(originalOrder);
+            buf.order(nativeOrder());
         }
     }
 
@@ -169,12 +171,29 @@
         nla_type = type;
         setValue(new byte[Integer.BYTES]);
         final ByteBuffer buf = getValueAsByteBuffer();
-        final ByteOrder originalOrder = buf.order();
+        // ByteBuffer returned by getValueAsByteBuffer is always in native byte order.
         try {
             buf.order(order);
             buf.putInt(value);
         } finally {
-            buf.order(originalOrder);
+            buf.order(nativeOrder());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public StructNlAttr(short type, long value) {
+        this(type, value, ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+    }
+
+    public StructNlAttr(short type, long value, ByteOrder order) {
+        nla_type = type;
+        setValue(new byte[Long.BYTES]);
+        final ByteBuffer buf = getValueAsByteBuffer();
+        // ByteBuffer returned by getValueAsByteBuffer is always in native byte order.
+        try {
+            buf.order(order);
+            buf.putLong(value);
+        } finally {
+            buf.order(nativeOrder());
         }
     }
 
@@ -288,6 +307,7 @@
 
     /**
      * Get attribute value as Integer, or null if malformed (e.g., length is not 4 bytes).
+     * The attribute value is assumed to be in native byte order.
      */
     public Integer getValueAsInteger() {
         final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = getValueAsByteBuffer();
@@ -298,6 +318,18 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Get attribute value as Long, or null if malformed (e.g., length is not 8 bytes).
+     * The attribute value is assumed to be in native byte order.
+     */
+    public Long getValueAsLong() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = getValueAsByteBuffer();
+        if (byteBuffer == null || byteBuffer.remaining() != Long.BYTES) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return byteBuffer.getLong();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Get attribute value as Int, default value if malformed.
      */
     public int getValueAsInt(int defaultValue) {
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdr.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdr.java
index 5052cb8..5272366 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdr.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdr.java
@@ -71,13 +71,17 @@
             }
             sb.append("NLM_F_ECHO");
         }
-        if ((flags & NLM_F_ROOT) != 0) {
+        if ((flags & NLM_F_DUMP) == NLM_F_DUMP) {
+            if (sb.length() > 0) {
+                sb.append("|");
+            }
+            sb.append("NLM_F_DUMP");
+        } else if ((flags & NLM_F_ROOT) != 0) { // NLM_F_DUMP = NLM_F_ROOT | NLM_F_MATCH
             if (sb.length() > 0) {
                 sb.append("|");
             }
             sb.append("NLM_F_ROOT");
-        }
-        if ((flags & NLM_F_MATCH) != 0) {
+        } else if ((flags & NLM_F_MATCH) != 0) {
             if (sb.length() > 0) {
                 sb.append("|");
             }
@@ -128,6 +132,14 @@
         nlmsg_pid = 0;
     }
 
+    public StructNlMsgHdr(int payloadLen, short type, short flags, int seq) {
+        nlmsg_len = StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE + payloadLen;
+        nlmsg_type = type;
+        nlmsg_flags = flags;
+        nlmsg_seq = seq;
+        nlmsg_pid = 0;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Write netlink message header to ByteBuffer.
      */
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixCacheInfo.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixCacheInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfaa6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixCacheInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * struct prefix_cacheinfo {
+ *     __u32 preferred_time;
+ *     __u32 valid_time;
+ * }
+ *
+ * see also:
+ *
+ *     include/uapi/linux/if_addr.h
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructPrefixCacheInfo extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 8;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long preferred_time;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long valid_time;
+
+    StructPrefixCacheInfo(long preferred, long valid) {
+        this.preferred_time = preferred;
+        this.valid_time = valid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a prefix_cacheinfo struct from a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     *
+     * @param byteBuffer The buffer from which to parse the prefix_cacheinfo.
+     * @return the parsed prefix_cacheinfo struct, or throw IllegalArgumentException if the
+     *         prefix_cacheinfo struct could not be parsed successfully(for example, if it was
+     *         truncated).
+     */
+    public static StructPrefixCacheInfo parse(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        if (byteBuffer.remaining() < STRUCT_SIZE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bytebuffer remaining size "
+                    + byteBuffer.remaining() + " for prefix_cacheinfo attribute");
+        }
+
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        return Struct.parse(StructPrefixCacheInfo.class, byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a prefix_cacheinfo struct to {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     */
+    public void pack(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        writeToByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixMsg.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixMsg.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..504d6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixMsg.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * struct prefixmsg {
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_family;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_pad1;
+ *     unsigned short prefix_pad2;
+ *     int            prefix_ifindex;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_type;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_len;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_flags;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_pad3;
+ * }
+ *
+ * see also:
+ *
+ *     include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructPrefixMsg extends Struct {
+    // Already aligned.
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 12;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
+    public final short prefix_family;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int prefix_ifindex;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short prefix_type;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short prefix_len;
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+    public final short prefix_flags;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public StructPrefixMsg(short family, int ifindex, short type, short len, short flags) {
+        this.prefix_family = family;
+        this.prefix_ifindex = ifindex;
+        this.prefix_type = type;
+        this.prefix_len = len;
+        this.prefix_flags = flags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a prefixmsg struct from a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     *
+     * @param byteBuffer The buffer from which to parse the prefixmsg.
+     * @return the parsed prefixmsg struct, or throw IllegalArgumentException if the prefixmsg
+     *         struct could not be parsed successfully (for example, if it was truncated).
+     */
+    public static StructPrefixMsg parse(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        if (byteBuffer.remaining() < STRUCT_SIZE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bytebuffer remaining size "
+                    + byteBuffer.remaining() + "for prefix_msg struct.");
+        }
+
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        return Struct.parse(StructPrefixMsg.class, byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a prefixmsg struct to {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     */
+    public void pack(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        writeToByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructRtMsg.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructRtMsg.java
index 3cd7292..6d9318c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructRtMsg.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructRtMsg.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
@@ -57,8 +58,9 @@
     @Field(order = 8, type = Type.U32)
     public final long flags;
 
-    StructRtMsg(short family, short dstLen, short srcLen, short tos, short table, short protocol,
-            short scope, short type, long flags) {
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public StructRtMsg(short family, short dstLen, short srcLen, short tos, short table,
+            short protocol, short scope, short type, long flags) {
         this.family = family;
         this.dstLen = dstLen;
         this.srcLen = srcLen;
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/OWNERS b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fca70aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 685852
+file:platform/frameworks/base:main:/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/OWNERS
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmAddressT.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmAddressT.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cef1f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmAddressT.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_LEN;
+
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_address_t
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * typedef union {
+ *      __be32 a4;
+ *      __be32 a6[4];
+ *      struct in6_addr in6;
+ * } xfrm_address_t;
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmAddressT extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 16;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = STRUCT_SIZE)
+    public final byte[] address;
+
+    // Constructor that allows Strutc.parse(Class<T>, ByteBuffer) to work
+    public StructXfrmAddressT(@NonNull final byte[] address) {
+        this.address = address.clone();
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message
+    public StructXfrmAddressT(@NonNull final InetAddress inetAddress) {
+        this.address = new byte[STRUCT_SIZE];
+        final byte[] addressBytes = inetAddress.getAddress();
+        System.arraycopy(addressBytes, 0, address, 0, addressBytes.length);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the address in InetAddress */
+    public InetAddress getAddress(int family) {
+        final byte[] addressBytes;
+        if (family == OsConstants.AF_INET6) {
+            addressBytes = this.address;
+        } else if (family == OsConstants.AF_INET) {
+            addressBytes = new byte[IPV4_ADDR_LEN];
+            System.arraycopy(this.address, 0, addressBytes, 0, addressBytes.length);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid IP family " + family);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return InetAddress.getByAddress(addressBytes);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            // This should never happen
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Illegal length of IP address " + addressBytes.length, e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmId.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmId.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdcdcd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmId.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_id
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_id {
+ *      xfrm_address_t daddr;
+ *      __be32 spi;
+ *      __u8 proto;
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmId extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 24;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] nestedStructDAddr;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.UBE32)
+    public final long spi;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
+    public final short proto;
+
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmAddressT mDestXfrmAddressT;
+
+    // Constructor that allows Strutc.parse(Class<T>, ByteBuffer) to work
+    public StructXfrmId(@NonNull final byte[] nestedStructDAddr, long spi, short proto) {
+        this.nestedStructDAddr = nestedStructDAddr.clone();
+        this.spi = spi;
+        this.proto = proto;
+
+        mDestXfrmAddressT = new StructXfrmAddressT(this.nestedStructDAddr);
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message
+    public StructXfrmId(@NonNull final InetAddress destAddress, long spi, short proto) {
+        this(new StructXfrmAddressT(destAddress).writeToBytes(), spi, proto);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the destination address */
+    public InetAddress getDestAddress(int family) {
+        return mDestXfrmAddressT.getAddress(family);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCfg.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCfg.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12f68c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCfg.java
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.XFRM_INF;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_lifetime_cfg
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_lifetime_cfg {
+ *      __u64 soft_byte_limit;
+ *      __u64 hard_byte_limit;
+ *      __u64 soft_packet_limit;
+ *      __u64 hard_packet_limit;
+ *      __u64 soft_add_expires_seconds;
+ *      __u64 hard_add_expires_seconds;
+ *      __u64 soft_use_expires_seconds;
+ *      __u64 hard_use_expires_seconds;
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmLifetimeCfg extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 64;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger softByteLimit;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger hardByteLimit;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger softPacketLimit;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger hardPacketLimit;
+
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger softAddExpiresSeconds;
+
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger hardAddExpiresSeconds;
+
+    @Field(order = 6, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger softUseExpiresSeconds;
+
+    @Field(order = 7, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger hardUseExpiresSeconds;
+
+    // Constructor that allows Strutc.parse(Class<T>, ByteBuffer) to work
+    public StructXfrmLifetimeCfg(
+            @NonNull final BigInteger softByteLimit,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger hardByteLimit,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger softPacketLimit,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger hardPacketLimit,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger softAddExpiresSeconds,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger hardAddExpiresSeconds,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger softUseExpiresSeconds,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger hardUseExpiresSeconds) {
+        this.softByteLimit = softByteLimit;
+        this.hardByteLimit = hardByteLimit;
+        this.softPacketLimit = softPacketLimit;
+        this.hardPacketLimit = hardPacketLimit;
+        this.softAddExpiresSeconds = softAddExpiresSeconds;
+        this.hardAddExpiresSeconds = hardAddExpiresSeconds;
+        this.softUseExpiresSeconds = softUseExpiresSeconds;
+        this.hardUseExpiresSeconds = hardUseExpiresSeconds;
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message
+    public StructXfrmLifetimeCfg() {
+        this(
+                XFRM_INF,
+                XFRM_INF,
+                XFRM_INF,
+                XFRM_INF,
+                BigInteger.ZERO,
+                BigInteger.ZERO,
+                BigInteger.ZERO,
+                BigInteger.ZERO);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCur.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCur.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a539c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCur.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_lifetime_cur
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_lifetime_cur {
+ *      __u64 bytes;
+ *      __u64 packets;
+ *      __u64 add_time;
+ *      __u64 use_time;
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmLifetimeCur extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 32;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger bytes;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger packets;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger addTime;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U64)
+    public final BigInteger useTime;
+
+    public StructXfrmLifetimeCur(
+            @NonNull final BigInteger bytes,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger packets,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger addTime,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger useTime) {
+        this.bytes = bytes;
+        this.packets = packets;
+        this.addTime = addTime;
+        this.useTime = useTime;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmReplayStateEsn.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmReplayStateEsn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7bdcd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmReplayStateEsn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_replay_state_esn
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_replay_state_esn {
+ *      unsigned int bmp_len;
+ *      __u32 oseq;
+ *      __u32 seq;
+ *      __u32 oseq_hi;
+ *      __u32 seq_hi;
+ *      __u32 replay_window;
+ *      __u32 bmp[];
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmReplayStateEsn {
+    // include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_MAX
+    private static final int XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_BMP_LEN_MAX = 128;
+
+    @NonNull private final StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap mWithoutBitmap;
+    @NonNull private final byte[] mBitmap;
+
+    private StructXfrmReplayStateEsn(
+            @NonNull final StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap withoutBitmap,
+            @NonNull final byte[] bitmap) {
+        mWithoutBitmap = withoutBitmap;
+        mBitmap = bitmap;
+        validate();
+    }
+
+    /** Constructor to build a new message */
+    public StructXfrmReplayStateEsn(
+            long bmpLen,
+            long oSeq,
+            long seq,
+            long oSeqHi,
+            long seqHi,
+            long replayWindow,
+            @NonNull final byte[] bitmap) {
+        mWithoutBitmap =
+                new StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap(
+                        bmpLen, oSeq, seq, oSeqHi, seqHi, replayWindow);
+        mBitmap = bitmap.clone();
+        validate();
+    }
+
+    private void validate() {
+        if (mWithoutBitmap.mBmpLenInBytes != mBitmap.length) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "mWithoutBitmap.mBmpLenInBytes not aligned with bitmap."
+                            + " mWithoutBitmap.mBmpLenInBytes: "
+                            + mWithoutBitmap.mBmpLenInBytes
+                            + " bitmap.length "
+                            + mBitmap.length);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Parse IpSecStructXfrmReplayStateEsn from ByteBuffer. */
+    @Nullable
+    public static StructXfrmReplayStateEsn parse(@NonNull final ByteBuffer buf) {
+        final StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap withoutBitmap =
+                Struct.parse(StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap.class, buf);
+        if (withoutBitmap == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] bitmap = new byte[withoutBitmap.mBmpLenInBytes];
+        buf.get(bitmap);
+
+        return new StructXfrmReplayStateEsn(withoutBitmap, bitmap);
+    }
+
+    /** Convert the parsed object to ByteBuffer. */
+    public void writeToByteBuffer(@NonNull final ByteBuffer buf) {
+        mWithoutBitmap.writeToByteBuffer(buf);
+        buf.put(mBitmap);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the struct size */
+    public int getStructSize() {
+        return StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap.STRUCT_SIZE + mBitmap.length;
+    }
+
+    /** Return the bitmap */
+    public byte[] getBitmap() {
+        return mBitmap.clone();
+    }
+
+    /** Return the bmp_len */
+    public long getBmpLen() {
+        return mWithoutBitmap.bmpLen;
+    }
+
+    /** Return the replay_window */
+    public long getReplayWindow() {
+        return mWithoutBitmap.replayWindow;
+    }
+
+    /** Return the TX sequence number in unisgned long */
+    public long getTxSequenceNumber() {
+        return getSequenceNumber(mWithoutBitmap.oSeqHi, mWithoutBitmap.oSeq);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the RX sequence number in unisgned long */
+    public long getRxSequenceNumber() {
+        return getSequenceNumber(mWithoutBitmap.seqHi, mWithoutBitmap.seq);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static long getSequenceNumber(long hi, long low) {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+        buffer.putInt((int) hi).putInt((int) low);
+        buffer.rewind();
+
+        return buffer.getLong();
+    }
+
+    /** The xfrm_replay_state_esn struct without the bitmap */
+    // Because the size of the bitmap is decided at runtime, it cannot be included in a Struct
+    // subclass. Therefore, this nested class is defined to include all other fields supported by
+    // Struct for code reuse.
+    public static class StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap extends Struct {
+        public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 24;
+
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+        public final long bmpLen; // replay bitmap length in 32-bit integers
+
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+        public final long oSeq;
+
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
+        public final long seq;
+
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U32)
+        public final long oSeqHi;
+
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U32)
+        public final long seqHi;
+
+        @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U32)
+        public final long replayWindow; // replay bitmap length in bit
+
+        @Computed private final int mBmpLenInBytes; // replay bitmap length in bytes
+
+        public StructXfrmReplayStateEsnWithoutBitmap(
+                long bmpLen, long oSeq, long seq, long oSeqHi, long seqHi, long replayWindow) {
+            this.bmpLen = bmpLen;
+            this.oSeq = oSeq;
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.oSeqHi = oSeqHi;
+            this.seqHi = seqHi;
+            this.replayWindow = replayWindow;
+
+            if (bmpLen > XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_BMP_LEN_MAX) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bmpLen " + bmpLen);
+            }
+
+            if (bmpLen * 4 * 8 != replayWindow) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "bmpLen not aligned with replayWindow. bmpLen: "
+                                + bmpLen
+                                + " replayWindow "
+                                + replayWindow);
+            }
+
+            mBmpLenInBytes = (int) bmpLen * 4;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmSelector.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmSelector.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bd2ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmSelector.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_selector
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_selector {
+ *      xfrm_address_t daddr;
+ *      xfrm_address_t saddr;
+ *      __be16 dport;
+ *      __be16 dport_mask;
+ *      __be16 sport;
+ *      __be16 sport_mask;
+ *      __u16 family;
+ *      __u8 prefixlen_d;
+ *      __u8 prefixlen_s;
+ *      __u8 proto;
+ *      int ifindex;
+ *      __kernel_uid32_t user;
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmSelector extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 56;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] nestedStructDAddr;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] nestedStructSAddr;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int dPort;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int dPortMask;
+
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int sPort;
+
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int sPortMask;
+
+    @Field(order = 6, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int selectorFamily;
+
+    @Field(order = 7, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+    public final short prefixlenD;
+
+    @Field(order = 8, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+    public final short prefixlenS;
+
+    @Field(order = 9, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+    public final short proto;
+
+    @Field(order = 10, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int ifIndex;
+
+    @Field(order = 11, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int user;
+
+    // Constructor that allows Strutc.parse(Class<T>, ByteBuffer) to work
+    public StructXfrmSelector(
+            @NonNull final byte[] nestedStructDAddr,
+            @NonNull final byte[] nestedStructSAddr,
+            int dPort,
+            int dPortMask,
+            int sPort,
+            int sPortMask,
+            int selectorFamily,
+            short prefixlenD,
+            short prefixlenS,
+            short proto,
+            int ifIndex,
+            int user) {
+        this.nestedStructDAddr = nestedStructDAddr.clone();
+        this.nestedStructSAddr = nestedStructSAddr.clone();
+        this.dPort = dPort;
+        this.dPortMask = dPortMask;
+        this.sPort = sPort;
+        this.sPortMask = sPortMask;
+        this.selectorFamily = selectorFamily;
+        this.prefixlenD = prefixlenD;
+        this.prefixlenS = prefixlenS;
+        this.proto = proto;
+        this.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+        this.user = user;
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message
+    public StructXfrmSelector(int selectorFamily) {
+        this(
+                new byte[StructXfrmAddressT.STRUCT_SIZE],
+                new byte[StructXfrmAddressT.STRUCT_SIZE],
+                0 /* dPort */,
+                0 /* dPortMask */,
+                0 /* sPort */,
+                0 /* sPortMask */,
+                selectorFamily,
+                (short) 0 /* prefixlenD */,
+                (short) 0 /* prefixlenS */,
+                (short) 0 /* proto */,
+                0 /* ifIndex */,
+                0 /* user */);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmStats.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmStats.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be13293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmStats.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_lifetime_cur
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_stats {
+ *      __u32 replay_window;
+ *      __u32 replay;
+ *      __u32 integrity_failed;
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmStats extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 12;
+
+    /** Number of packets that fall out of the replay window */
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long replayWindow;
+
+    /** Number of replayed packets */
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long replay;
+
+    /** Number of packets that failed authentication */
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long integrityFailed;
+
+    // Constructor that allows Strutc.parse(Class<T>, ByteBuffer) to work
+    public StructXfrmStats(long replayWindow, long replay, long integrityFailed) {
+        this.replayWindow = replayWindow;
+        this.replay = replay;
+        this.integrityFailed = integrityFailed;
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message
+    public StructXfrmStats() {
+        this(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaId.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaId.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ebc69c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaId.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_usersa_id
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_usersa_id {
+ *      xfrm_address_t      daddr;
+ *      __be32              spi;
+ *      __u16               family;
+ *      __u8                proto;
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmUsersaId extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 24;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] nestedStructDAddr; // xfrm_address_t
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.UBE32)
+    public final long spi;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int family;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+    public final short proto;
+
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmAddressT mDestXfrmAddressT;
+
+    // Constructor that allows Strutc.parse(Class<T>, ByteBuffer) to work
+    public StructXfrmUsersaId(
+            @NonNull final byte[] nestedStructDAddr, long spi, int family, short proto) {
+        this.nestedStructDAddr = nestedStructDAddr.clone();
+        this.spi = spi;
+        this.family = family;
+        this.proto = proto;
+
+        mDestXfrmAddressT = new StructXfrmAddressT(this.nestedStructDAddr);
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message
+    public StructXfrmUsersaId(
+            @NonNull final InetAddress destAddress, long spi, int family, short proto) {
+        this(new StructXfrmAddressT(destAddress).writeToBytes(), spi, family, proto);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the destination address */
+    public InetAddress getDestAddress() {
+        return mDestXfrmAddressT.getAddress(family);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaInfo.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..740a801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Computed;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+/**
+ * Struct xfrm_usersa_info
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * struct xfrm_usersa_info {
+ *      struct xfrm_selector sel;
+ *      struct xfrm_id id;
+ *      xfrm_address_t saddr;
+ *      struct xfrm_lifetime_cfg lft;
+ *      struct xfrm_lifetime_cur curlft;
+ *      struct xfrm_stats stats;
+ *      __u32 seq;
+ *      __u32 reqid;
+ *      __u16 family;
+ *      __u8 mode;
+ *      __u8 replay_window;
+ *      __u8 flags;
+ * };
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructXfrmUsersaInfo extends Struct {
+    private static final int NESTED_STRUCTS_SIZE =
+            StructXfrmSelector.STRUCT_SIZE
+                    + StructXfrmId.STRUCT_SIZE
+                    + StructXfrmAddressT.STRUCT_SIZE
+                    + StructXfrmLifetimeCfg.STRUCT_SIZE
+                    + StructXfrmLifetimeCur.STRUCT_SIZE
+                    + StructXfrmStats.STRUCT_SIZE;
+
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = NESTED_STRUCTS_SIZE + 20;
+
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmSelector mXfrmSelector;
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmId mXfrmId;
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmAddressT mSourceXfrmAddressT;
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmLifetimeCfg mXfrmLifetime;
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmLifetimeCur mXfrmCurrentLifetime;
+    @Computed private final StructXfrmStats mXfrmStats;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = NESTED_STRUCTS_SIZE)
+    public final byte[] nestedStructs;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long seq;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long reqId;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int family;
+
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short mode;
+
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short replayWindowLegacy;
+
+    @Field(order = 6, type = Type.U8, padding = 7)
+    public final short flags;
+
+    // Constructor that allows Strutc.parse(Class<T>, ByteBuffer) to work
+    public StructXfrmUsersaInfo(
+            @NonNull final byte[] nestedStructs,
+            long seq,
+            long reqId,
+            int family,
+            short mode,
+            short replayWindowLegacy,
+            short flags) {
+        this.nestedStructs = nestedStructs.clone();
+        this.seq = seq;
+        this.reqId = reqId;
+        this.family = family;
+        this.mode = mode;
+        this.replayWindowLegacy = replayWindowLegacy;
+        this.flags = flags;
+
+        final ByteBuffer nestedStructsBuff = ByteBuffer.wrap(nestedStructs);
+        nestedStructsBuff.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        // The parsing order matters
+        mXfrmSelector = Struct.parse(StructXfrmSelector.class, nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmId = Struct.parse(StructXfrmId.class, nestedStructsBuff);
+        mSourceXfrmAddressT = Struct.parse(StructXfrmAddressT.class, nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmLifetime = Struct.parse(StructXfrmLifetimeCfg.class, nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmCurrentLifetime = Struct.parse(StructXfrmLifetimeCur.class, nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmStats = Struct.parse(StructXfrmStats.class, nestedStructsBuff);
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message for TESTING
+    StructXfrmUsersaInfo(
+            @NonNull final InetAddress dAddr,
+            @NonNull final InetAddress sAddr,
+            @NonNull final BigInteger addTime,
+            int selectorFamily,
+            long spi,
+            long seq,
+            long reqId,
+            short proto,
+            short mode,
+            short replayWindowLegacy,
+            short flags) {
+        this.seq = seq;
+        this.reqId = reqId;
+        this.family = dAddr instanceof Inet4Address ? OsConstants.AF_INET : OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+        this.mode = mode;
+        this.replayWindowLegacy = replayWindowLegacy;
+        this.flags = flags;
+
+        mXfrmSelector = new StructXfrmSelector(selectorFamily);
+        mXfrmId = new StructXfrmId(dAddr, spi, proto);
+        mSourceXfrmAddressT = new StructXfrmAddressT(sAddr);
+        mXfrmLifetime = new StructXfrmLifetimeCfg();
+        mXfrmCurrentLifetime =
+                new StructXfrmLifetimeCur(
+                        BigInteger.ZERO, BigInteger.ZERO, addTime, BigInteger.ZERO);
+        mXfrmStats = new StructXfrmStats();
+
+        final ByteBuffer nestedStructsBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(NESTED_STRUCTS_SIZE);
+        nestedStructsBuff.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        mXfrmSelector.writeToByteBuffer(nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmId.writeToByteBuffer(nestedStructsBuff);
+        mSourceXfrmAddressT.writeToByteBuffer(nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmLifetime.writeToByteBuffer(nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmCurrentLifetime.writeToByteBuffer(nestedStructsBuff);
+        mXfrmStats.writeToByteBuffer(nestedStructsBuff);
+
+        this.nestedStructs = nestedStructsBuff.array();
+    }
+
+    // Constructor to build a new message
+    public StructXfrmUsersaInfo(
+            @NonNull final InetAddress dAddr,
+            @NonNull final InetAddress sAddr,
+            long spi,
+            long seq,
+            long reqId,
+            short proto,
+            short mode,
+            short replayWindowLegacy,
+            short flags) {
+        // Use AF_UNSPEC for all SAs selectors. In transport mode, kernel picks selector family
+        // based on usersa->family, while in tunnel mode, the XFRM_STATE_AF_UNSPEC flag allows
+        // dual-stack SAs.
+        this(
+                dAddr,
+                sAddr,
+                BigInteger.ZERO,
+                OsConstants.AF_UNSPEC,
+                spi,
+                seq,
+                reqId,
+                proto,
+                mode,
+                replayWindowLegacy,
+                flags);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the destination address */
+    public InetAddress getDestAddress() {
+        return mXfrmId.getDestAddress(family);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the source address */
+    public InetAddress getSrcAddress() {
+        return mSourceXfrmAddressT.getAddress(family);
+    }
+
+    /** Return the SPI */
+    public long getSpi() {
+        return mXfrmId.spi;
+    }
+
+    /** Return the current lifetime */
+    public StructXfrmLifetimeCur getCurrentLifetime() {
+        return mXfrmCurrentLifetime;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..680a7ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.XFRM_MSG_GETSA;
+
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * An XfrmNetlinkMessage subclass for XFRM_MSG_GETSA messages.
+ *
+ * <p>see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <p>XFRM_MSG_GETSA syntax
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>TLV: xfrm_usersa_id
+ *   <li>Optional Attributes: XFRMA_MARK, XFRMA_SRCADDR
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage extends XfrmNetlinkMessage {
+    @NonNull private final StructXfrmUsersaId mXfrmUsersaId;
+
+    private XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage(
+            @NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header, @NonNull final StructXfrmUsersaId xfrmUsersaId) {
+        super(header);
+        mXfrmUsersaId = xfrmUsersaId;
+    }
+
+    private XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage(
+            @NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header,
+            @NonNull final InetAddress destAddress,
+            long spi,
+            short proto) {
+        super(header);
+
+        final int family =
+                destAddress instanceof Inet4Address ? OsConstants.AF_INET : OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+        mXfrmUsersaId = new StructXfrmUsersaId(destAddress, spi, family, proto);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void packPayload(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        mXfrmUsersaId.writeToByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse XFRM_MSG_GETSA message from ByteBuffer.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should be called from NetlinkMessage#parse(ByteBuffer, int) for generic
+     * message validation and processing
+     *
+     * @param nlmsghdr netlink message header.
+     * @param byteBuffer the ByteBuffer instance that wraps the raw netlink message bytes. MUST be
+     *                   host order
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    static XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage parseInternal(
+            @NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr, @NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        final StructXfrmUsersaId xfrmUsersaId = Struct.parse(StructXfrmUsersaId.class, byteBuffer);
+        if (xfrmUsersaId == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Attributes not supported. Don't bother handling them.
+
+        return new XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage(nlmsghdr, xfrmUsersaId);
+    }
+
+    /** A convenient method to create a XFRM_MSG_GETSA message. */
+    public static byte[] newXfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage(
+            @NonNull final InetAddress destAddress, long spi, short proto) {
+        final int payloadLen = StructXfrmUsersaId.STRUCT_SIZE;
+
+        final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr =
+                new StructNlMsgHdr(payloadLen, XFRM_MSG_GETSA, NLM_F_REQUEST, 0);
+        final XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage message =
+                new XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage(nlmsghdr, destAddress, spi, proto);
+
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = newNlMsgByteBuffer(payloadLen);
+        message.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        return byteBuffer.array();
+    }
+
+    public StructXfrmUsersaId getStructXfrmUsersaId() {
+        return mXfrmUsersaId;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72d02d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/** Base calss for XFRM netlink messages */
+// Developer notes: The Linux kernel includes a number of XFRM structs that are not standard netlink
+// attributes (e.g., xfrm_usersa_id). These structs are unlikely to change size, so this XFRM
+// netlink message implementation assumes their sizes will remain stable. If any non-attribute
+// struct size changes, it should be caught by CTS and then developers should add
+// kernel-version-based behvaiours.
+public abstract class XfrmNetlinkMessage extends NetlinkMessage {
+    // TODO: b/312498032 Remove it when OsConstants.IPPROTO_ESP is stable
+    public static final int IPPROTO_ESP = 50;
+    // TODO: b/312498032 Remove it when OsConstants.NETLINK_XFRM is stable
+    public static final int NETLINK_XFRM = 6;
+
+    /* see include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h */
+    public static final short XFRM_MSG_NEWSA = 16;
+    public static final short XFRM_MSG_GETSA = 18;
+
+    public static final int XFRM_MODE_TRANSPORT = 0;
+    public static final int XFRM_MODE_TUNNEL = 1;
+
+    public static final short XFRMA_REPLAY_VAL = 10;
+    public static final short XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL = 23;
+
+    public static final BigInteger XFRM_INF = new BigInteger("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", 16);
+
+    public XfrmNetlinkMessage(@NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header) {
+        super(header);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse XFRM message from ByteBuffer.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should be called from NetlinkMessage#parse(ByteBuffer, int) for generic
+     * message validation and processing
+     *
+     * @param nlmsghdr netlink message header.
+     * @param byteBuffer the ByteBuffer instance that wraps the raw netlink message bytes. MUST be
+     *                   host order
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static XfrmNetlinkMessage parseXfrmInternal(
+            @NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr, @NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        switch (nlmsghdr.nlmsg_type) {
+            case XFRM_MSG_NEWSA:
+                return XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage.parseInternal(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
+            case XFRM_MSG_GETSA:
+                return XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage.parseInternal(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected abstract void packPayload(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer);
+
+    /** Write a XFRM message to {@link ByteBuffer}. */
+    public void pack(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        getHeader().pack(byteBuffer);
+        packPayload(byteBuffer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f374ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlAttr;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+/**
+ * A NetlinkMessage subclass for XFRM_MSG_NEWSA messages.
+ *
+ * <p>see also: &lt;linux_src&gt;/include/uapi/linux/xfrm.h
+ *
+ * <p>XFRM_MSG_NEWSA syntax
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>TLV: xfrm_usersa_info
+ *   <li>Attributes: XFRMA_ALG_CRYPT, XFRMA_ALG_AUTH, XFRMA_OUTPUT_MARK, XFRMA_IF_ID,
+ *       XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL,XFRMA_REPLAY_VAL
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage extends XfrmNetlinkMessage {
+    private static final String TAG = XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage.class.getSimpleName();
+    @NonNull private final StructXfrmUsersaInfo mXfrmUsersaInfo;
+
+    @NonNull private final StructXfrmReplayStateEsn mXfrmReplayStateEsn;
+
+    private XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage(
+            @NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header,
+            @NonNull final StructXfrmUsersaInfo xfrmUsersaInfo,
+            @NonNull final StructXfrmReplayStateEsn xfrmReplayStateEsn) {
+        super(header);
+        mXfrmUsersaInfo = xfrmUsersaInfo;
+        mXfrmReplayStateEsn = xfrmReplayStateEsn;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void packPayload(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        mXfrmUsersaInfo.writeToByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
+        if (mXfrmReplayStateEsn != null) {
+            mXfrmReplayStateEsn.writeToByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse XFRM_MSG_NEWSA message from ByteBuffer.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should be called from NetlinkMessage#parse(ByteBuffer, int) for generic
+     * message validation and processing
+     *
+     * @param nlmsghdr netlink message header.
+     * @param byteBuffer the ByteBuffer instance that wraps the raw netlink message bytes. MUST be
+     *                   host order
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    static XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage parseInternal(
+            @NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr, @NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        final StructXfrmUsersaInfo xfrmUsersaInfo =
+                Struct.parse(StructXfrmUsersaInfo.class, byteBuffer);
+        if (xfrmUsersaInfo == null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "parse: fail to parse xfrmUsersaInfo");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        StructXfrmReplayStateEsn xfrmReplayStateEsn = null;
+
+        final int payloadLen = nlmsghdr.nlmsg_len - StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE;
+        int parsedLength = StructXfrmUsersaInfo.STRUCT_SIZE;
+        while (parsedLength < payloadLen) {
+            final StructNlAttr attr = StructNlAttr.parse(byteBuffer);
+
+            if (attr == null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "parse: fail to parse netlink attributes");
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            final ByteBuffer attrValueBuff = ByteBuffer.wrap(attr.nla_value);
+            attrValueBuff.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+            if (attr.nla_type == XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL) {
+                xfrmReplayStateEsn = StructXfrmReplayStateEsn.parse(attrValueBuff);
+            }
+
+            parsedLength += attr.nla_len;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Add the support of XFRMA_REPLAY_VAL
+
+        if (xfrmReplayStateEsn == null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "parse: xfrmReplayStateEsn not found");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage msg =
+                new XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage(nlmsghdr, xfrmUsersaInfo, xfrmReplayStateEsn);
+
+        return msg;
+    }
+
+    /** Return the TX sequence number in unisgned long */
+    public long getTxSequenceNumber() {
+        return mXfrmReplayStateEsn.getTxSequenceNumber();
+    }
+
+    /** Return the RX sequence number in unisgned long */
+    public long getRxSequenceNumber() {
+        return mXfrmReplayStateEsn.getRxSequenceNumber();
+    }
+
+    /** Return the bitmap */
+    public byte[] getBitmap() {
+        return mXfrmReplayStateEsn.getBitmap();
+    }
+
+    /** Return the packet count in unsigned long */
+    public long getPacketCount() {
+        // It is safe because "packets" is a 64-bit value
+        return mXfrmUsersaInfo.getCurrentLifetime().packets.longValue();
+    }
+
+    /** Return the byte count in unsigned long */
+    public long getByteCount() {
+        // It is safe because "bytes" is a 64-bit value
+        return mXfrmUsersaInfo.getCurrentLifetime().bytes.longValue();
+    }
+
+    /** Return the xfrm_usersa_info */
+    public StructXfrmUsersaInfo getXfrmUsersaInfo() {
+        return mXfrmUsersaInfo;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/FragmentHeader.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/FragmentHeader.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3da6a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/FragmentHeader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * IPv6 Fragment Extension header, as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460.
+ *
+ * 0                   1                   2                   3
+ * 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |  Next Header  |   Reserved    |      Fragment Offset    |Res|M|
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                         Identification                        |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ */
+public class FragmentHeader extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short nextHeader;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.S8)
+    public final byte reserved;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int fragmentOffset;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int identification;
+
+    public FragmentHeader(final short nextHeader, final byte reserved, final int fragmentOffset,
+            final int identification) {
+        this.nextHeader = nextHeader;
+        this.reserved = reserved;
+        this.fragmentOffset = fragmentOffset;
+        this.identification = identification;
+    }
+
+    public FragmentHeader(final short nextHeader, final int fragmentOffset,
+            final int identification) {
+        this(nextHeader, (byte) 0, fragmentOffset, identification);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java
index 49d7654..bbbe571 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java
@@ -21,11 +21,16 @@
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Computed;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
 
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 
@@ -71,7 +76,11 @@
     @Field(order = 7, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
     public final byte[] prefix;
 
-    PrefixInformationOption(final byte type, final byte length, final byte prefixLen,
+    @Computed
+    private final IpPrefix mIpPrefix;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public PrefixInformationOption(final byte type, final byte length, final byte prefixLen,
             final byte flags, final long validLifetime, final long preferredLifetime,
             final int reserved, @NonNull final byte[] prefix) {
         this.type = type;
@@ -82,6 +91,23 @@
         this.preferredLifetime = preferredLifetime;
         this.reserved = reserved;
         this.prefix = prefix;
+
+        try {
+            final Inet6Address addr = (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(prefix);
+            mIpPrefix = new IpPrefix(addr, prefixLen);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException | ClassCastException e) {
+            // UnknownHostException should never happen unless prefix is null.
+            // ClassCastException can occur when prefix is an IPv6 mapped IPv4 address.
+            // Both scenarios should throw an exception in the context of Struct#parse().
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the prefix {@link IpPrefix} included in the PIO.
+     */
+    public IpPrefix getIpPrefix() {
+        return mIpPrefix;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMf6cctl.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMf6cctl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24e0a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMf6cctl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/*
+ * Implements the mf6cctl structure which is used to add a multicast forwarding
+ * cache, see /usr/include/linux/mroute6.h
+ */
+public class StructMf6cctl extends Struct {
+    // struct sockaddr_in6 mf6cc_origin, added the fields directly as Struct
+    // doesn't support nested Structs
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int originFamily; // AF_INET6
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int originPort; // Transport layer port # of origin
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long originFlowinfo; // IPv6 flow information
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] originAddress; //the IPv6 address of origin
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long originScopeId; // scope id, not used
+
+    // struct sockaddr_in6 mf6cc_mcastgrp
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int groupFamily; // AF_INET6
+    @Field(order = 6, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int groupPort; // Transport layer port # of multicast group
+    @Field(order = 7, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long groupFlowinfo; // IPv6 flow information
+    @Field(order = 8, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] groupAddress; //the IPv6 address of multicast group
+    @Field(order = 9, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long groupScopeId; // scope id, not used
+
+    @Field(order = 10, type = Type.U16, padding = 2)
+    public final int mf6ccParent; // incoming interface
+    @Field(order = 11, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 32)
+    public final byte[] mf6ccIfset; // outgoing interfaces
+
+    public StructMf6cctl(final Inet6Address origin, final Inet6Address group,
+            final int mf6ccParent, final Set<Integer> oifset) {
+        this(AF_INET6, 0, (long) 0, origin.getAddress(), (long) 0, AF_INET6,
+                0, (long) 0, group.getAddress(), (long) 0, mf6ccParent,
+                getMf6ccIfsetBytes(oifset));
+    }
+
+    private StructMf6cctl(int originFamily, int originPort, long originFlowinfo,
+            byte[] originAddress, long originScopeId, int groupFamily, int groupPort,
+            long groupFlowinfo, byte[] groupAddress, long groupScopeId, int mf6ccParent,
+            byte[] mf6ccIfset) {
+        this.originFamily = originFamily;
+        this.originPort = originPort;
+        this.originFlowinfo = originFlowinfo;
+        this.originAddress = originAddress;
+        this.originScopeId = originScopeId;
+        this.groupFamily = groupFamily;
+        this.groupPort = groupPort;
+        this.groupFlowinfo = groupFlowinfo;
+        this.groupAddress = groupAddress;
+        this.groupScopeId = groupScopeId;
+        this.mf6ccParent = mf6ccParent;
+        this.mf6ccIfset = mf6ccIfset;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] getMf6ccIfsetBytes(final Set<Integer> oifs)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        byte[] mf6ccIfset = new byte[32];
+        for (int oif : oifs) {
+            int idx = oif / 8;
+            if (idx >= 32) {
+                // invalid oif index, too big to fit in mf6ccIfset
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid oif index" + oif);
+            }
+            int offset = oif % 8;
+            mf6ccIfset[idx] |= (byte) (1 << offset);
+        }
+        return mf6ccIfset;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMif6ctl.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMif6ctl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..626a170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMif6ctl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+/*
+ * Implements the mif6ctl structure which is used to add a multicast routing
+ * interface, see /usr/include/linux/mroute6.h
+ */
+public class StructMif6ctl extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int mif6cMifi; // Index of MIF
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short mif6cFlags; // MIFF_ flags
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short vifcThreshold; // ttl limit
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int mif6cPifi; //the index of the physical IF
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U32, padding = 2)
+    public final long vifcRateLimit; // Rate limiter values (NI)
+
+    public StructMif6ctl(final int mif6cMifi, final short mif6cFlags, final short vifcThreshold,
+            final int mif6cPifi, final long vifcRateLimit) {
+        this.mif6cMifi = mif6cMifi;
+        this.mif6cFlags = mif6cFlags;
+        this.vifcThreshold = vifcThreshold;
+        this.mif6cPifi = mif6cPifi;
+        this.vifcRateLimit = vifcRateLimit;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMrt6Msg.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMrt6Msg.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..569e361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMrt6Msg.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+public class StructMrt6Msg extends Struct {
+    public static final byte MRT6MSG_NOCACHE = 1;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S8)
+    public final byte mbz;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.S8)
+    public final byte msgType; // message type
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U16, padding = 4)
+    public final int mif; // mif received on
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
+    public final Inet6Address src;
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
+    public final Inet6Address dst;
+
+    public StructMrt6Msg(final byte mbz, final byte msgType, final int mif,
+                  final Inet6Address source, final Inet6Address destination) {
+        this.mbz = mbz; // kernel should set it to 0
+        this.msgType = msgType;
+        this.mif = mif;
+        this.src = source;
+        this.dst = destination;
+    }
+
+    public static StructMrt6Msg parse(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        return Struct.parse(StructMrt6Msg.class, byteBuffer);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
index 39e7ce9..f3d8c4a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
@@ -389,4 +389,28 @@
         }
         return dest;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an index of the given SparseArray that contains the given value, or -1
+     * number if no keys map to the given value.
+     *
+     * <p>Note this is a linear search, and if multiple keys can map to the same value
+     * then the smallest index is returned.
+     *
+     * <p>This function compares values with {@code equals} while the
+     * {@link SparseArray#indexOfValue} compares values using {@code ==}.
+     */
+    public static <T> int getIndexForValue(SparseArray<T> sparseArray, T value) {
+        for(int i = 0, nsize = sparseArray.size(); i < nsize; i++) {
+            T valueAt = sparseArray.valueAt(i);
+            if (valueAt == null) {
+                if (value == null) {
+                    return i;
+                };
+            } else if (valueAt.equals(value)) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java
index 0dcdf1e..63106a1 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
      */
     // TODO: Define the constant as a public constant in DnsResolver since it can never change.
     private static final int TYPE_CNAME = 5;
+    public static final int TYPE_SVCB = 64;
 
     /**
      * Thrown when parsing packet failed.
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@
          * @param buf ByteBuffer input of record, must be in network byte order
          *         (which is the default).
          */
-        private DnsRecord(@RecordType int rType, @NonNull ByteBuffer buf)
+        protected DnsRecord(@RecordType int rType, @NonNull ByteBuffer buf)
                 throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
             Objects.requireNonNull(buf);
             this.rType = rType;
@@ -326,6 +327,8 @@
             // Return a DnsRecord instance by default for backward compatibility, this is useful
             // when a partner supports new type of DnsRecord but does not inherit DnsRecord.
             switch (nsType) {
+                case TYPE_SVCB:
+                    return new DnsSvcbRecord(rType, buf);
                 default:
                     return new DnsRecord(rType, buf);
             }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbPacket.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbPacket.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d298599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbPacket.java
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_A;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * A class for a DNS SVCB response packet.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class DnsSvcbPacket extends DnsPacket {
+    public static final int TYPE_SVCB = 64;
+
+    private static final String TAG = DnsSvcbPacket.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a DnsSvcbPacket object from the given wire-format DNS packet.
+     */
+    private DnsSvcbPacket(@NonNull byte[] data) throws DnsPacket.ParseException {
+        // If data is null, ParseException will be thrown.
+        super(data);
+
+        final int questions = mHeader.getRecordCount(QDSECTION);
+        if (questions != 1) {
+            throw new DnsPacket.ParseException("Unexpected question count " + questions);
+        }
+        final int nsType = mRecords[QDSECTION].get(0).nsType;
+        if (nsType != TYPE_SVCB) {
+            throw new DnsPacket.ParseException("Unexpected query type " + nsType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the DnsSvcbPacket is a DNS response.
+     */
+    public boolean isResponse() {
+        return mHeader.isResponse();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the given protocol alpn is supported.
+     */
+    public boolean isSupported(@NonNull String alpn) {
+        return findSvcbRecord(alpn) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the TargetName associated with the given protocol alpn.
+     * If the alpn is not supported, a null is returned.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getTargetName(@NonNull String alpn) {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = findSvcbRecord(alpn);
+        return (record != null) ? record.getTargetName() : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the TargetName that associated with the given protocol alpn.
+     * If the alpn is not supported, -1 is returned.
+     */
+    public int getPort(@NonNull String alpn) {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = findSvcbRecord(alpn);
+        return (record != null) ? record.getPort() : -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the IP addresses that support the given protocol alpn.
+     * If the alpn is not supported, an empty list is returned.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<InetAddress> getAddresses(@NonNull String alpn) {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = findSvcbRecord(alpn);
+        if (record == null) return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+
+        // As per draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-https-10#section-7.4 and draft-ietf-add-ddr-10#section-4,
+        // if A/AAAA records are available in the Additional section, use the IP addresses in
+        // those records instead of the IP addresses in ipv4hint/ipv6hint.
+        final List<InetAddress> out = getAddressesFromAdditionalSection();
+        if (out.size() > 0) return out;
+
+        return record.getAddresses();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value of SVCB key dohpath that associated with the given protocol alpn.
+     * If the alpn is not supported, a null is returned.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getDohPath(@NonNull String alpn) {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = findSvcbRecord(alpn);
+        return (record != null) ? record.getDohPath() : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the DnsSvcbRecord associated with the given protocol alpn.
+     * If the alpn is not supported, a null is returned.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private DnsSvcbRecord findSvcbRecord(@NonNull String alpn) {
+        for (final DnsRecord record : mRecords[ANSECTION]) {
+            if (record instanceof DnsSvcbRecord) {
+                final DnsSvcbRecord svcbRecord = (DnsSvcbRecord) record;
+                if (svcbRecord.getAlpns().contains(alpn)) {
+                    return svcbRecord;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the IP addresses in additional section.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private List<InetAddress> getAddressesFromAdditionalSection() {
+        final List<InetAddress> out = new ArrayList<InetAddress>();
+        if (mHeader.getRecordCount(ARSECTION) == 0) {
+            return out;
+        }
+        for (final DnsRecord record : mRecords[ARSECTION]) {
+            if (record.nsType != TYPE_A && record.nsType != TYPE_AAAA) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Found type other than A/AAAA in Additional section: " + record.nsType);
+                continue;
+            }
+            try {
+                out.add(InetAddress.getByAddress(record.getRR()));
+            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Failed to parse address");
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a DnsSvcbPacket object from the given wire-format DNS answer.
+     */
+    public static DnsSvcbPacket fromResponse(@NonNull byte[] data) throws DnsPacket.ParseException {
+        DnsSvcbPacket out = new DnsSvcbPacket(data);
+        if (!out.isResponse()) {
+            throw new DnsPacket.ParseException("Not an answer packet");
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbRecord.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbRecord.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..935cdf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbRecord.java
@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.CLASS_IN;
+
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE;
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket.ParseException;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * A class for an SVCB record.
+ * https://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-svcb/dns-svcb.xhtml
+ * @hide
+ */
+@VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
+public final class DnsSvcbRecord extends DnsPacket.DnsRecord {
+    /**
+     * The following SvcParamKeys KEY_* are defined in
+     * https://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-svcb/dns-svcb.xhtml.
+     */
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "mandatory". The associated implementation of SvcParam is SvcParamMandatory.
+    private static final int KEY_MANDATORY = 0;
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "alpn". The associated implementation of SvcParam is SvcParamAlpn.
+    private static final int KEY_ALPN = 1;
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "no-default-alpn". The associated implementation of SvcParam is
+    // SvcParamNoDefaultAlpn.
+    private static final int KEY_NO_DEFAULT_ALPN = 2;
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "port". The associated implementation of SvcParam is SvcParamPort.
+    private static final int KEY_PORT = 3;
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "ipv4hint". The associated implementation of SvcParam is SvcParamIpv4Hint.
+    private static final int KEY_IPV4HINT = 4;
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "ech". The associated implementation of SvcParam is SvcParamEch.
+    private static final int KEY_ECH = 5;
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "ipv6hint". The associated implementation of SvcParam is SvcParamIpv6Hint.
+    private static final int KEY_IPV6HINT = 6;
+
+    // The SvcParamKey "dohpath". The associated implementation of SvcParam is SvcParamDohPath.
+    private static final int KEY_DOHPATH = 7;
+
+    // The minimal size of a SvcParam.
+    // https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-https-12.html#name-rdata-wire-format
+    private static final int MINSVCPARAMSIZE = 4;
+
+    private static final String TAG = DnsSvcbRecord.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private final int mSvcPriority;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final String mTargetName;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final SparseArray<SvcParam> mAllSvcParams = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
+    public DnsSvcbRecord(@DnsPacket.RecordType int rType, @NonNull ByteBuffer buff)
+            throws IllegalStateException, ParseException {
+        super(rType, buff);
+        if (nsType != DnsPacket.TYPE_SVCB) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("incorrect nsType: " + nsType);
+        }
+        if (nsClass != CLASS_IN) {
+            throw new ParseException("incorrect nsClass: " + nsClass);
+        }
+
+        // DNS Record in Question Section doesn't have Rdata.
+        if (rType == DnsPacket.QDSECTION) {
+            mSvcPriority = 0;
+            mTargetName = "";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] rdata = getRR();
+        if (rdata == null) {
+            throw new ParseException("SVCB rdata is empty");
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(rdata).asReadOnlyBuffer();
+        mSvcPriority = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+        mTargetName = DnsPacketUtils.DnsRecordParser.parseName(buf, 0 /* Parse depth */,
+                false /* isNameCompressionSupported */);
+
+        if (mTargetName.length() > DnsPacket.DnsRecord.MAXNAMESIZE) {
+            throw new ParseException(
+                    "Failed to parse SVCB target name, name size is too long: "
+                            + mTargetName.length());
+        }
+        while (buf.remaining() >= MINSVCPARAMSIZE) {
+            final SvcParam svcParam = parseSvcParam(buf);
+            final int key = svcParam.getKey();
+            if (mAllSvcParams.get(key) != null) {
+                throw new ParseException("Invalid DnsSvcbRecord, key " + key + " is repeated");
+            }
+            mAllSvcParams.put(key, svcParam);
+        }
+        if (buf.hasRemaining()) {
+            throw new ParseException("Invalid DnsSvcbRecord. Got "
+                    + buf.remaining() + " remaining bytes after parsing");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the TargetName.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
+    @NonNull
+    public String getTargetName() {
+        return mTargetName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an unmodifiable list of alpns from SvcParam alpn.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
+    @NonNull
+    public List<String> getAlpns() {
+        final SvcParamAlpn sp = (SvcParamAlpn) mAllSvcParams.get(KEY_ALPN);
+        final List<String> list = (sp != null) ? sp.getValue() : Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the port number from SvcParam port.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
+    public int getPort() {
+        final SvcParamPort sp = (SvcParamPort) mAllSvcParams.get(KEY_PORT);
+        return (sp != null) ? sp.getValue() : -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of the IP addresses from both of SvcParam ipv4hint and ipv6hint.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
+    @NonNull
+    public List<InetAddress> getAddresses() {
+        final List<InetAddress> out = new ArrayList<>();
+        final SvcParamIpHint sp4 = (SvcParamIpHint) mAllSvcParams.get(KEY_IPV4HINT);
+        if (sp4 != null) {
+            out.addAll(sp4.getValue());
+        }
+        final SvcParamIpHint sp6 = (SvcParamIpHint) mAllSvcParams.get(KEY_IPV6HINT);
+        if (sp6 != null) {
+            out.addAll(sp6.getValue());
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the doh path from SvcParam dohPath.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
+    @NonNull
+    public String getDohPath() {
+        final SvcParamDohPath sp = (SvcParamDohPath) mAllSvcParams.get(KEY_DOHPATH);
+        return (sp != null) ? sp.getValue() : "";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        if (rType == DnsPacket.QDSECTION) {
+            return dName + " IN SVCB";
+        }
+
+        final StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(" ");
+        for (int i = 0; i < mAllSvcParams.size(); i++) {
+            sj.add(mAllSvcParams.valueAt(i).toString());
+        }
+        return dName + " " + ttl + " IN SVCB " + mSvcPriority + " " + mTargetName + " "
+                + sj.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static SvcParam parseSvcParam(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws ParseException {
+        try {
+            final int key = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+            switch (key) {
+                case KEY_MANDATORY: return new SvcParamMandatory(buf);
+                case KEY_ALPN: return new SvcParamAlpn(buf);
+                case KEY_NO_DEFAULT_ALPN: return new SvcParamNoDefaultAlpn(buf);
+                case KEY_PORT: return new SvcParamPort(buf);
+                case KEY_IPV4HINT: return new SvcParamIpv4Hint(buf);
+                case KEY_ECH: return new SvcParamEch(buf);
+                case KEY_IPV6HINT: return new SvcParamIpv6Hint(buf);
+                case KEY_DOHPATH: return new SvcParamDohPath(buf);
+                default: return new SvcParamGeneric(key, buf);
+            }
+        } catch (BufferUnderflowException e) {
+            throw new ParseException("Malformed packet", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base class for all SvcParam.
+     */
+    private abstract static class SvcParam<T> {
+        private final int mKey;
+
+        SvcParam(int key) {
+            mKey = key;
+        }
+
+        int getKey() {
+            return mKey;
+        }
+
+        abstract T getValue();
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamMandatory extends SvcParam<short[]> {
+        private final short[] mValue;
+
+        private SvcParamMandatory(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException,
+                ParseException {
+            super(KEY_MANDATORY);
+            // The caller already read 2 bytes for SvcParamKey.
+            final int len = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+            final ByteBuffer svcParamValue = sliceAndAdvance(buf, len);
+            mValue = SvcParamValueUtil.toShortArray(svcParamValue);
+            if (mValue.length == 0) {
+                throw new ParseException("mandatory value must be non-empty");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        short[] getValue() {
+            /* Not yet implemented */
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            final StringJoiner valueJoiner = new StringJoiner(",");
+            for (short key : mValue) {
+                valueJoiner.add(toKeyName(key));
+            }
+            return toKeyName(getKey()) + "=" + valueJoiner.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamAlpn extends SvcParam<List<String>> {
+        private final List<String> mValue;
+
+        SvcParamAlpn(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            super(KEY_ALPN);
+            // The caller already read 2 bytes for SvcParamKey.
+            final int len = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+            final ByteBuffer svcParamValue = sliceAndAdvance(buf, len);
+            mValue = SvcParamValueUtil.toStringList(svcParamValue);
+            if (mValue.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new ParseException("alpn value must be non-empty");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        List<String> getValue() {
+            return Collections.unmodifiableList(mValue);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return toKeyName(getKey()) + "=" + TextUtils.join(",", mValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamNoDefaultAlpn extends SvcParam<Void> {
+        SvcParamNoDefaultAlpn(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException,
+                ParseException {
+            super(KEY_NO_DEFAULT_ALPN);
+            // The caller already read 2 bytes for SvcParamKey.
+            final int len = buf.getShort();
+            if (len != 0) {
+                throw new ParseException("no-default-alpn value must be empty");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        Void getValue() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return toKeyName(getKey());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamPort extends SvcParam<Integer> {
+        private final int mValue;
+
+        SvcParamPort(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            super(KEY_PORT);
+            // The caller already read 2 bytes for SvcParamKey.
+            final int len = buf.getShort();
+            if (len != Short.BYTES) {
+                throw new ParseException("key port len is not 2 but " + len);
+            }
+            mValue = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        Integer getValue() {
+            return mValue;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return toKeyName(getKey()) + "=" + mValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamIpHint extends SvcParam<List<InetAddress>> {
+        private final List<InetAddress> mValue;
+
+        private SvcParamIpHint(int key, @NonNull ByteBuffer buf, int addrLen) throws
+                BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            super(key);
+            // The caller already read 2 bytes for SvcParamKey.
+            final int len = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+            final ByteBuffer svcParamValue = sliceAndAdvance(buf, len);
+            mValue = SvcParamValueUtil.toInetAddressList(svcParamValue, addrLen);
+            if (mValue.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new ParseException(toKeyName(getKey()) + " value must be non-empty");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        List<InetAddress> getValue() {
+            return Collections.unmodifiableList(mValue);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            final StringJoiner valueJoiner = new StringJoiner(",");
+            for (InetAddress ip : mValue) {
+                valueJoiner.add(ip.getHostAddress());
+            }
+            return toKeyName(getKey()) + "=" + valueJoiner.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamIpv4Hint extends SvcParamIpHint {
+        SvcParamIpv4Hint(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            super(KEY_IPV4HINT, buf, NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_LEN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamIpv6Hint extends SvcParamIpHint {
+        SvcParamIpv6Hint(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            super(KEY_IPV6HINT, buf, NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamEch extends SvcParamGeneric {
+        SvcParamEch(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            super(KEY_ECH, buf);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SvcParamDohPath extends SvcParam<String> {
+        private final String mValue;
+
+        SvcParamDohPath(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            super(KEY_DOHPATH);
+            // The caller already read 2 bytes for SvcParamKey.
+            final int len = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+            final byte[] value = new byte[len];
+            buf.get(value);
+            mValue = new String(value, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        String getValue() {
+            return mValue;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return toKeyName(getKey()) + "=" + mValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For other unrecognized and unimplemented SvcParams, they are stored as SvcParamGeneric.
+    private static class SvcParamGeneric extends SvcParam<byte[]> {
+        private final byte[] mValue;
+
+        SvcParamGeneric(int key, @NonNull ByteBuffer buf) throws BufferUnderflowException,
+                ParseException {
+            super(key);
+            // The caller already read 2 bytes for SvcParamKey.
+            final int len = Short.toUnsignedInt(buf.getShort());
+            mValue = new byte[len];
+            buf.get(mValue);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        byte[] getValue() {
+            /* Not yet implemented */
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            final StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
+            out.append(toKeyName(getKey()));
+            if (mValue != null && mValue.length > 0) {
+                out.append("=");
+                out.append(HexDump.toHexString(mValue));
+            }
+            return out.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String toKeyName(int key) {
+        switch (key) {
+            case KEY_MANDATORY: return "mandatory";
+            case KEY_ALPN: return "alpn";
+            case KEY_NO_DEFAULT_ALPN: return "no-default-alpn";
+            case KEY_PORT: return "port";
+            case KEY_IPV4HINT: return "ipv4hint";
+            case KEY_ECH: return "ech";
+            case KEY_IPV6HINT: return "ipv6hint";
+            case KEY_DOHPATH: return "dohpath";
+            default: return "key" + key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a read-only ByteBuffer (with position = 0, limit = `length`, and capacity = `length`)
+     * sliced from `buf`'s current position, and moves the position of `buf` by `length`.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public static ByteBuffer sliceAndAdvance(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf, int length)
+            throws BufferUnderflowException {
+        if (buf.remaining() < length) {
+            throw new BufferUnderflowException();
+        }
+        final int pos = buf.position();
+
+        // `out` equals to `buf.slice(pos, length)` that is supported in API level 34.
+        final ByteBuffer out = ((ByteBuffer) buf.slice().limit(length)).slice();
+
+        buf.position(pos + length);
+        return out.asReadOnlyBuffer();
+    }
+
+    // A utility to convert the byte array of SvcParamValue to other types.
+    private static class SvcParamValueUtil {
+        // Refer to draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-https-10#section-7.1 for the wire format of alpn.
+        @NonNull
+        private static List<String> toStringList(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf)
+                throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            final List<String> out = new ArrayList<>();
+            while (buf.hasRemaining()) {
+                final int alpnLen = Byte.toUnsignedInt(buf.get());
+                if (alpnLen == 0) {
+                    throw new ParseException("alpn should not be an empty string");
+                }
+                final byte[] alpn = new byte[alpnLen];
+                buf.get(alpn);
+                out.add(new String(alpn, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Refer to draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-https-10#section-7.5 for the wire format of SvcParamKey
+        // "mandatory".
+        @NonNull
+        private static short[] toShortArray(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf)
+                throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            if (buf.remaining() % Short.BYTES != 0) {
+                throw new ParseException("Can't parse whole byte array");
+            }
+            final ShortBuffer sb = buf.asShortBuffer();
+            final short[] out = new short[sb.remaining()];
+            sb.get(out);
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Refer to draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-https-10#section-7.4 for the wire format of ipv4hint and
+        // ipv6hint.
+        @NonNull
+        private static List<InetAddress> toInetAddressList(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf, int addrLen)
+                throws BufferUnderflowException, ParseException {
+            if (buf.remaining() % addrLen != 0) {
+                throw new ParseException("Can't parse whole byte array");
+            }
+
+            final List<InetAddress> out = new ArrayList<>();
+            final byte[] addr = new byte[addrLen];
+            while (buf.remaining() >= addrLen) {
+                buf.get(addr);
+                try {
+                    out.add(InetAddress.getByAddress(addr));
+                } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                    throw new ParseException("Can't parse byte array as an IP address");
+                }
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java
index cd1f31c..f6bee69 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java
@@ -189,8 +189,9 @@
      * @param message A message describing why the permission was checked. Only needed if this is
      *                not inside of a two-way binder call from the data receiver
      */
-    public boolean checkCallersLocationPermission(String pkgName, @Nullable String featureId,
-            int uid, boolean coarseForTargetSdkLessThanQ, @Nullable String message) {
+    public boolean checkCallersLocationPermission(@Nullable String pkgName,
+            @Nullable String featureId, int uid, boolean coarseForTargetSdkLessThanQ,
+            @Nullable String message) {
 
         boolean isTargetSdkLessThanQ = isTargetSdkLessThan(pkgName, Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, uid);
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java
index 54ce01e..7066131 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java
@@ -39,12 +39,13 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_USB;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
 
-import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.packBitList;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.packBits;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.unpackBits;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -75,8 +76,8 @@
         TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH,
         TRANSPORT_WIFI,
         TRANSPORT_ETHERNET,
-        TRANSPORT_USB
-
+        TRANSPORT_USB,
+        TRANSPORT_SATELLITE
         // Notably, TRANSPORT_TEST is not in this list as any network that has TRANSPORT_TEST and
         // one of the above transports should be counted as that transport, to keep tests as
         // realistic as possible.
@@ -88,41 +89,41 @@
       * and {@code FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES}.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public static final long RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES = packBitList(
-            NET_CAPABILITY_BIP,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_CBS,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_DUN,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_IA,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_IMS,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_MCX,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_RCS,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL);
+    public static final long RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_BIP) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_DUN) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_IA) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_IMS) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_MCX) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_RCS) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL);
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that force network to be restricted.
      * See {@code NetworkCapabilities#maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}.
      */
-    private static final long FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES = packBitList(
-            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE);
+    private static final long FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE);
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that suggest that a network is unrestricted.
      * See {@code NetworkCapabilities#maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public static final long UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES = packBitList(
-            NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_MMS,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL,
-            NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
+    public static final long UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_MMS) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
 
     /**
      * Get a transport that can be used to classify a network when displaying its info to users.
@@ -158,28 +159,33 @@
      *
      * @return {@code true} if the network should be restricted.
      */
-    // TODO: Use packBits(nc.getCapabilities()) to check more easily using bit masks.
     public static boolean inferRestrictedCapability(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return inferRestrictedCapability(packBits(nc.getCapabilities()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Infers that all the capabilities it provides are typically provided by restricted networks
+     * or not.
+     *
+     * @param capabilities see {@link NetworkCapabilities#getCapabilities()}
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the network should be restricted.
+     */
+    public static boolean inferRestrictedCapability(long capabilities) {
         // Check if we have any capability that forces the network to be restricted.
-        for (int capability : unpackBits(FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES)) {
-            if (nc.hasCapability(capability)) {
-                return true;
-            }
+        if ((capabilities & FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0) {
+            return true;
         }
 
         // Verify there aren't any unrestricted capabilities.  If there are we say
         // the whole thing is unrestricted unless it is forced to be restricted.
-        for (int capability : unpackBits(UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES)) {
-            if (nc.hasCapability(capability)) {
-                return false;
-            }
+        if ((capabilities & UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0) {
+            return false;
         }
 
         // Must have at least some restricted capabilities.
-        for (int capability : unpackBits(RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES)) {
-            if (nc.hasCapability(capability)) {
-                return true;
-            }
+        if ((capabilities & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0) {
+            return true;
         }
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
index f9895c6..19d8bbe 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@
     public static final int ICMPV6_RA_HEADER_LEN = 16;
     public static final int ICMPV6_NS_HEADER_LEN = 24;
     public static final int ICMPV6_NA_HEADER_LEN = 24;
+    public static final int ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_TLLA_LEN = 8;
 
     public static final int NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT_FLAG_ROUTER    = 1 << 31;
     public static final int NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT_FLAG_SOLICITED = 1 << 30;
@@ -189,6 +190,7 @@
 
     public static final byte PIO_FLAG_ON_LINK = (byte) (1 << 7);
     public static final byte PIO_FLAG_AUTONOMOUS = (byte) (1 << 6);
+    public static final byte PIO_FLAG_DHCPV6_PD_PREFERRED = (byte) (1 << 4);
 
     /**
      * TCP constants.
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
index d5b4c90..0d7d96f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
-import static android.content.pm.PermissionInfo.PROTECTION_SIGNATURE;
 import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 
+import android.annotation.CheckResult;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.content.pm.PermissionInfo;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -46,8 +46,9 @@
     /**
      * Return true if the context has one of given permission.
      */
-    public static boolean checkAnyPermissionOf(@NonNull Context context,
-            @NonNull String... permissions) {
+    @CheckResult
+    public static boolean hasAnyPermissionOf(@NonNull Context context,
+                                             @NonNull String... permissions) {
         for (String permission : permissions) {
             if (context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                 return true;
@@ -57,30 +58,12 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Return true if the permission has system signature.
-     */
-    public static boolean isSystemSignaturePermission(@NonNull Context context,
-            @NonNull String permission) {
-        try {
-            PermissionInfo permissionInfo = context.getPackageManager().getPermissionInfo(
-                    permission, 0 /* flags */);
-            if (permissionInfo == null) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            return "android".equals(permissionInfo.packageName)
-                    && permissionInfo.getProtection() == PROTECTION_SIGNATURE;
-        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException ignored) {
-            // Ignored the NameNotFoundException and return false
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return true if the context has one of give permission that is allowed
+     * Return true if the context has one of given permission that is allowed
      * for a particular process and user ID running in the system.
      */
-    public static boolean checkAnyPermissionOf(@NonNull Context context,
-            int pid, int uid, @NonNull String... permissions) {
+    @CheckResult
+    public static boolean hasAnyPermissionOf(@NonNull Context context,
+                                             int pid, int uid, @NonNull String... permissions) {
         for (String permission : permissions) {
             if (context.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                 return true;
@@ -94,7 +77,7 @@
      */
     public static void enforceAnyPermissionOf(@NonNull Context context,
             @NonNull String... permissions) {
-        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(context, permissions)) {
+        if (!hasAnyPermissionOf(context, permissions)) {
             throw new SecurityException("Requires one of the following permissions: "
                     + String.join(", ", permissions) + ".");
         }
@@ -153,7 +136,8 @@
     /**
      * Return true if the context has DUMP permission.
      */
-    public static boolean checkDumpPermission(Context context, String tag, PrintWriter pw) {
+    @CheckResult
+    public static boolean hasDumpPermission(Context context, String tag, PrintWriter pw) {
         if (context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP)
                 != PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
             pw.println("Permission Denial: can't dump " + tag + " from from pid="
@@ -205,4 +189,33 @@
         }
         return result;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Enforces that the given package name belongs to the given uid.
+     *
+     * @param context {@link android.content.Context} for the process.
+     * @param uid User ID to check the package ownership for.
+     * @param packageName Package name to verify.
+     * @throws SecurityException If the package does not belong to the specified uid.
+     */
+    public static void enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(
+            @NonNull Context context, int uid, @Nullable String packageName) {
+        final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid);
+        if (getAppUid(context, packageName, user) != uid) {
+            throw new SecurityException(packageName + " does not belong to uid " + uid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getAppUid(Context context, final String app, final UserHandle user) {
+        final PackageManager pm =
+                context.createContextAsUser(user, 0 /* flags */).getPackageManager();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            return pm.getPackageUid(app, 0 /* flags */);
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+            return -1;
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/lint-baseline.xml b/staticlibs/lint-baseline.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ee3a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha04" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha04">
+
+    <issue
+        id="NewApi"
+        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `makeNetlinkSocketAddress`"
+        errorLine1="            Os.bind(fd, makeNetlinkSocketAddress(0, mBindGroups));"
+        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/ip/NetlinkMonitor.java"
+            line="111"
+            column="25"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/Android.bp
index 41184ea..d55584a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/BpfRingbufTest.cpp b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/BpfRingbufTest.cpp
index 6c0841c..e81fb92 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/BpfRingbufTest.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/BpfRingbufTest.cpp
@@ -72,12 +72,31 @@
 
     auto result = BpfRingbuf<uint64_t>::Create(mRingbufPath.c_str());
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.value()->isEmpty());
+
+    struct timespec t1, t2;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(result.value()->wait(1000 /*ms*/));  // false because wait should timeout
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2));
+    long long time1 = t1.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + t1.tv_nsec;
+    long long time2 = t2.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + t2.tv_nsec;
+    EXPECT_GE(time2 - time1, 1000000000 /*ns*/);  // 1000 ms as ns
 
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       RunProgram();
     }
 
+    EXPECT_FALSE(result.value()->isEmpty());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.value()->wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2));
+    time1 = t1.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + t1.tv_nsec;
+    time2 = t2.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + t2.tv_nsec;
+    EXPECT_LE(time2 - time1, 1000000 /*ns*/);  // in x86 CF testing < 5000 ns
+
     EXPECT_THAT(result.value()->ConsumeAll(callback), HasValue(n));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.value()->isEmpty());
     EXPECT_EQ(output, TEST_RINGBUF_MAGIC_NUM);
     EXPECT_EQ(run_count, n);
   }
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h
index 5d7eb0d..1037beb 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
 #include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
 
+#include <functional>
+
 namespace android {
 namespace bpf {
 
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@
     Result<Key> getFirstKey() const {
         Key firstKey;
         if (getFirstMapKey(mMapFd, &firstKey)) {
-            return ErrnoErrorf("Get firstKey map {} failed", mMapFd.get());
+            return ErrnoErrorf("BpfMap::getFirstKey() failed");
         }
         return firstKey;
     }
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@
     Result<Key> getNextKey(const Key& key) const {
         Key nextKey;
         if (getNextMapKey(mMapFd, &key, &nextKey)) {
-            return ErrnoErrorf("Get next key of map {} failed", mMapFd.get());
+            return ErrnoErrorf("BpfMap::getNextKey() failed");
         }
         return nextKey;
     }
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@
     Result<Value> readValue(const Key key) const {
         Value value;
         if (findMapEntry(mMapFd, &key, &value)) {
-            return ErrnoErrorf("Read value of map {} failed", mMapFd.get());
+            return ErrnoErrorf("BpfMap::readValue() failed");
         }
         return value;
     }
@@ -243,14 +245,14 @@
 
     Result<void> writeValue(const Key& key, const Value& value, uint64_t flags) {
         if (writeToMapEntry(mMapFd, &key, &value, flags)) {
-            return ErrnoErrorf("Write to map {} failed", mMapFd.get());
+            return ErrnoErrorf("BpfMap::writeValue() failed");
         }
         return {};
     }
 
     Result<void> deleteValue(const Key& key) {
         if (deleteMapEntry(mMapFd, &key)) {
-            return ErrnoErrorf("Delete entry from map {} failed", mMapFd.get());
+            return ErrnoErrorf("BpfMap::deleteValue() failed");
         }
         return {};
     }
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@
         if (map_flags & BPF_F_RDONLY) abort();
         mMapFd.reset(createMap(map_type, sizeof(Key), sizeof(Value), max_entries,
                                map_flags));
-        if (!mMapFd.ok()) return ErrnoErrorf("Unable to create map.");
+        if (!mMapFd.ok()) return ErrnoErrorf("BpfMap::resetMap() failed");
         abortOnMismatch(/* writable */ true);
         return {};
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
index dd1504c..d716358 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <android-base/result.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <poll.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
@@ -39,6 +40,11 @@
     mProducerPos = nullptr;
   }
 
+  bool isEmpty(void);
+
+  // returns !isEmpty() for convenience
+  bool wait(int timeout_ms = -1);
+
  protected:
   // Non-initializing constructor, used by Create.
   BpfRingbufBase(size_t value_size) : mValueSize(value_size) {}
@@ -197,6 +203,22 @@
   return {};
 }
 
+inline bool BpfRingbufBase::isEmpty(void) {
+  uint32_t prod_pos = mProducerPos->load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  uint64_t cons_pos = mConsumerPos->load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  return (cons_pos & 0xFFFFFFFF) == prod_pos;
+}
+
+inline bool BpfRingbufBase::wait(int timeout_ms) {
+  // possible optimization: if (!isEmpty()) return true;
+  struct pollfd pfd = {  // 1-element array
+    .fd = mRingFd.get(),
+    .events = POLLIN,
+  };
+  (void)poll(&pfd, 1, timeout_ms);  // 'best effort' poll
+  return !isEmpty();
+}
+
 inline base::Result<int> BpfRingbufBase::ConsumeAll(
     const std::function<void(const void*)>& callback) {
   int64_t count = 0;
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h
index 59257b8..417a5c4 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h
@@ -42,10 +42,26 @@
     return kver;
 }
 
-static inline __unused bool isAtLeastKernelVersion(unsigned major, unsigned minor, unsigned sub) {
+static inline bool isAtLeastKernelVersion(unsigned major, unsigned minor, unsigned sub) {
     return kernelVersion() >= KVER(major, minor, sub);
 }
 
+static inline bool isKernelVersion(unsigned major, unsigned minor) {
+    return isAtLeastKernelVersion(major, minor, 0) && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(major, minor + 1, 0);
+}
+
+static inline bool __unused isLtsKernel() {
+    return isKernelVersion(4,  4) ||  // minimum for Android R
+           isKernelVersion(4,  9) ||  // minimum for Android S & T
+           isKernelVersion(4, 14) ||  // minimum for Android U
+           isKernelVersion(4, 19) ||  // minimum for Android V
+           isKernelVersion(5,  4) ||  // first supported in Android R
+           isKernelVersion(5, 10) ||  // first supported in Android S
+           isKernelVersion(5, 15) ||  // first supported in Android T
+           isKernelVersion(6,  1) ||  // first supported in Android U
+           isKernelVersion(6,  6);    // first supported in Android V
+}
+
 // Figure out the bitness of userspace.
 // Trivial and known at compile time.
 static constexpr bool isUserspace32bit() {
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
index baff09b..dc7925e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
@@ -37,7 +37,26 @@
 #define BPFLOADER_IGNORED_ON_VERSION 33u
 
 // Android U / 14 (api level 34) - various new program types added
-#define BPFLOADER_U_VERSION 37u
+#define BPFLOADER_U_VERSION 38u
+
+// Android V / 15 (api level 35) - platform only
+// (note: the platform bpfloader in V isn't really versioned at all,
+//  as there is no need as it can only load objects compiled at the
+//  same time as itself and the rest of the platform)
+#define BPFLOADER_PLATFORM_VERSION 41u
+
+// Android Mainline - this bpfloader should eventually go back to T (or even S)
+// Note: this value (and the following +1u's) are hardcoded in NetBpfLoad.cpp
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_VERSION 42u
+
+// Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android T
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_VERSION + 1u)
+
+// Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android U
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION + 1u)
+
+// Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android V
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION + 1u)
 
 /* For mainline module use, you can #define BPFLOADER_{MIN/MAX}_VER
  * before #include "bpf_helpers.h" to change which bpfloaders will
@@ -48,7 +67,7 @@
  * In which case it's just best to use the default.
  */
 #ifndef BPFLOADER_MIN_VER
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER COMPILE_FOR_BPFLOADER_VERSION
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_PLATFORM_VERSION
 #endif
 
 #ifndef BPFLOADER_MAX_VER
@@ -111,10 +130,12 @@
 #define KVER_NONE KVER_(0)
 #define KVER_4_14 KVER(4, 14, 0)
 #define KVER_4_19 KVER(4, 19, 0)
-#define KVER_5_4 KVER(5, 4, 0)
-#define KVER_5_8 KVER(5, 8, 0)
-#define KVER_5_9 KVER(5, 9, 0)
+#define KVER_5_4  KVER(5, 4, 0)
+#define KVER_5_8  KVER(5, 8, 0)
+#define KVER_5_9  KVER(5, 9, 0)
 #define KVER_5_15 KVER(5, 15, 0)
+#define KVER_6_1  KVER(6, 1, 0)
+#define KVER_6_6  KVER(6, 6, 0)
 #define KVER_INF KVER_(0xFFFFFFFFu)
 
 #define KVER_IS_AT_LEAST(kver, a, b, c) ((kver).kver >= KVER(a, b, c).kver)
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_map_def.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_map_def.h
index ef03c4d..00ef91a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_map_def.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_map_def.h
@@ -48,9 +48,6 @@
 #define DEFAULT_SIZEOF_BPF_MAP_DEF 32       // v0.0 struct: enum (uint sized) + 7 uint
 #define DEFAULT_SIZEOF_BPF_PROG_DEF 20      // v0.0 struct: 4 uint + bool + 3 byte alignment pad
 
-// By default, unless otherwise specified, allow the use of features only supported by v0.37.
-#define COMPILE_FOR_BPFLOADER_VERSION 37u
-
 /*
  * The bpf_{map,prog}_def structures are compiled for different architectures.
  * Once by the BPF compiler for the BPF architecture, and once by a C++
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/Android.bp
index b3efc21..1e0cb22 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
index 9995cb9..cb02de8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
@@ -148,6 +148,13 @@
     return bpfFdGet(pathname, BPF_F_RDONLY);
 }
 
+inline bool usableProgram(const char* pathname) {
+    int fd = retrieveProgram(pathname);
+    bool ok = (fd >= 0);
+    if (ok) close(fd);
+    return ok;
+}
+
 inline int attachProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const BPF_FD_TYPE prog_fd,
                          const BPF_FD_TYPE cg_fd, uint32_t flags = 0) {
     return bpf(BPF_PROG_ATTACH, {
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp
index 8babcce..969ebd4 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
     ],
-    sdk_version: "30",
+    sdk_version: "current",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
index f93d6e1..b92f107 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
  */
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/pfkeyv2.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <jni.h>
 #include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
 #include <nativehelper/ScopedLocalRef.h>
@@ -117,6 +119,22 @@
     return throwIfNotEnoent(env, "nativeFindMapEntry", ret, errno);
 }
 
+static void com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap_nativeSynchronizeKernelRCU(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                                          jclass clazz) {
+    const int pfSocket = socket(AF_KEY, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, PF_KEY_V2);
+
+    if (pfSocket < 0) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "nativeSynchronizeKernelRCU:socket", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (close(pfSocket)) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "nativeSynchronizeKernelRCU:close", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
 /*
  * JNI registration.
  */
@@ -132,6 +150,8 @@
         (void*) com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap_nativeGetNextMapKey },
     { "nativeFindMapEntry", "(I[B[B)Z",
         (void*) com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap_nativeFindMapEntry },
+    { "nativeSynchronizeKernelRCU", "()V",
+        (void*) com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap_nativeSynchronizeKernelRCU },
 
 };
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp
index ab83da6..2a587b6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 #include <nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h>
 #include <tcutils/tcutils.h>
 
+#define BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
+#include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 static void throwIOException(JNIEnv *env, const char *msg, int error) {
@@ -96,6 +99,14 @@
   }
 }
 
+static jboolean com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_isBpfProgramUsable(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                                       jclass clazz,
+                                                                       jstring bpfProgPath) {
+    ScopedUtfChars pathname(env, bpfProgPath);
+    return bpf::usableProgram(pathname.c_str());
+}
+
+
 /*
  * JNI registration.
  */
@@ -111,6 +122,8 @@
      (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_tcFilterDelDev},
     {"tcQdiscAddDevClsact", "(I)V",
      (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_tcQdiscAddDevClsact},
+    {"isBpfProgramUsable", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
+     (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_isBpfProgramUsable},
 };
 
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv *env,
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfutiljni/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/bpfutiljni/Android.bp
index 39a2795..1ef01a6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfutiljni/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfutiljni/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/ip_checksum/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/ip_checksum/Android.bp
index 9878d73..e2e118e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/ip_checksum/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/ip_checksum/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/netjniutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/netjniutils/Android.bp
index ca3bbbc..4cab459 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/netjniutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/netjniutils/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/nettestutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/nettestutils/Android.bp
index df3bb42..ef87f04 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/nettestutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/nettestutils/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/tcutils/Android.bp
index 9a38745..e4742ce 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/tcutils/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -20,7 +21,10 @@
     name: "libtcutils",
     srcs: ["tcutils.cpp"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-    header_libs: ["bpf_headers"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_headers",
+        "libbase_headers",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
     ],
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
     ],
-    sdk_version: "30",
+    sdk_version: "current",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/scopeguard.h b/staticlibs/native/tcutils/scopeguard.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 76bbb93..0000000
--- a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/scopeguard.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// TODO: figure out a way to use libbase_ndk. This is currently not working
-// because of missing apex availability. For now, we can use a copy of
-// ScopeGuard which is very lean compared to unique_fd. This code has been
-// copied verbatim from:
-// https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:system/libbase/include/android-base/scopeguard.h
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <utility> // for std::move, std::forward
-
-namespace android {
-namespace base {
-
-// ScopeGuard ensures that the specified functor is executed no matter how the
-// current scope exits.
-template <typename F> class ScopeGuard {
-public:
-  ScopeGuard(F &&f) : f_(std::forward<F>(f)), active_(true) {}
-
-  ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard &&that) noexcept
-      : f_(std::move(that.f_)), active_(that.active_) {
-    that.active_ = false;
-  }
-
-  template <typename Functor>
-  ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard<Functor> &&that)
-      : f_(std::move(that.f_)), active_(that.active_) {
-    that.active_ = false;
-  }
-
-  ~ScopeGuard() {
-    if (active_)
-      f_();
-  }
-
-  ScopeGuard() = delete;
-  ScopeGuard(const ScopeGuard &) = delete;
-  void operator=(const ScopeGuard &) = delete;
-  void operator=(ScopeGuard &&that) = delete;
-
-  void Disable() { active_ = false; }
-
-  bool active() const { return active_; }
-
-private:
-  template <typename Functor> friend class ScopeGuard;
-
-  F f_;
-  bool active_;
-};
-
-template <typename F> ScopeGuard<F> make_scope_guard(F &&f) {
-  return ScopeGuard<F>(std::forward<F>(f));
-}
-
-} // namespace base
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp b/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp
index c82390f..21e781c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@
 
 #include "logging.h"
 #include "bpf/KernelUtils.h"
-#include "scopeguard.h"
 
+#include <BpfSyscallWrappers.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -39,10 +41,6 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <utility>
 
-#define BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
-#include <BpfSyscallWrappers.h>
-#undef BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
-
 // The maximum length of TCA_BPF_NAME. Sync from net/sched/cls_bpf.c.
 #define CLS_BPF_NAME_LEN 256
 
@@ -52,6 +50,9 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace {
 
+using base::make_scope_guard;
+using base::unique_fd;
+
 /**
  * IngressPoliceFilterBuilder builds a nlmsg request equivalent to the following
  * tc command:
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@
   // class members
   const unsigned mBurstInBytes;
   const char *mBpfProgPath;
-  int mBpfFd;
+  unique_fd mBpfFd;
   Request mRequest;
 
   static double getTickInUsec() {
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@
       ALOGE("fopen(\"/proc/net/psched\"): %s", strerror(errno));
       return 0.0;
     }
-    auto scopeGuard = base::make_scope_guard([fp] { fclose(fp); });
+    auto scopeGuard = make_scope_guard([fp] { fclose(fp); });
 
     uint32_t t2us;
     uint32_t us2t;
@@ -166,7 +167,6 @@
                       unsigned burstInBytes, const char* bpfProgPath)
       : mBurstInBytes(burstInBytes),
         mBpfProgPath(bpfProgPath),
-        mBpfFd(-1),
         mRequest{
             .n = {
                 .nlmsg_len = sizeof(mRequest),
@@ -298,13 +298,6 @@
   }
   // clang-format on
 
-  ~IngressPoliceFilterBuilder() {
-    // TODO: use unique_fd
-    if (mBpfFd != -1) {
-      close(mBpfFd);
-    }
-  }
-
   constexpr unsigned getRequestSize() const { return sizeof(Request); }
 
 private:
@@ -332,14 +325,14 @@
   }
 
   int initBpfFd() {
-    mBpfFd = bpf::retrieveProgram(mBpfProgPath);
-    if (mBpfFd == -1) {
+    mBpfFd.reset(bpf::retrieveProgram(mBpfProgPath));
+    if (!mBpfFd.ok()) {
       int error = errno;
       ALOGE("retrieveProgram failed: %d", error);
       return -error;
     }
 
-    mRequest.opt.acts.act2.opt.fd.u32 = static_cast<uint32_t>(mBpfFd);
+    mRequest.opt.acts.act2.opt.fd.u32 = static_cast<uint32_t>(mBpfFd.get());
     snprintf(mRequest.opt.acts.act2.opt.name.str,
              sizeof(mRequest.opt.acts.act2.opt.name.str), "%s:[*fsobj]",
              basename(mBpfProgPath));
@@ -370,14 +363,13 @@
 
 int sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(const void *req, int len) {
   // TODO: use unique_fd instead of ScopeGuard
-  int fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE);
-  if (fd == -1) {
+  unique_fd fd(socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE));
+  if (!fd.ok()) {
     int error = errno;
     ALOGE("socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE): %d",
              error);
     return -error;
   }
-  auto scopeGuard = base::make_scope_guard([fd] { close(fd); });
 
   static constexpr int on = 1;
   if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_CAP_ACK, &on, sizeof(on))) {
@@ -460,10 +452,9 @@
 }
 
 int hardwareAddressType(const char *interface) {
-  int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
-  if (fd < 0)
+  unique_fd fd(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0));
+  if (!fd.ok())
     return -errno;
-  auto scopeGuard = base::make_scope_guard([fd] { close(fd); });
 
   struct ifreq ifr = {};
   // We use strncpy() instead of strlcpy() since kernel has to be able
@@ -576,12 +567,11 @@
 // /sys/fs/bpf/... direct-action
 int tcAddBpfFilter(int ifIndex, bool ingress, uint16_t prio, uint16_t proto,
                    const char *bpfProgPath) {
-  const int bpfFd = bpf::retrieveProgram(bpfProgPath);
-  if (bpfFd == -1) {
+  unique_fd bpfFd(bpf::retrieveProgram(bpfProgPath));
+  if (!bpfFd.ok()) {
     ALOGE("retrieveProgram failed: %d", errno);
     return -errno;
   }
-  auto scopeGuard = base::make_scope_guard([bpfFd] { close(bpfFd); });
 
   struct {
     nlmsghdr n;
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp b/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp
index 65b3b09..44abba2 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
     sdk_version: "system_current",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     static_libs: [
-        "netd_aidl_interface-V13-java",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-V15-java",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "//apex_available:platform", // used from services.net
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
     whole_static_libs: [
-        "netd_aidl_interface-V13-ndk",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-V15-ndk",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.resolv",
@@ -55,12 +56,12 @@
 
 cc_defaults {
     name: "netd_aidl_interface_lateststable_cpp_static",
-    static_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V13-cpp"],
+    static_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V15-cpp"],
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
     name: "netd_aidl_interface_lateststable_cpp_shared",
-    shared_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V13-cpp"],
+    shared_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V15-cpp"],
 }
 
 aidl_interface {
@@ -162,8 +163,17 @@
             version: "13",
             imports: [],
         },
+        {
+            version: "14",
+            imports: [],
+        },
+        {
+            version: "15",
+            imports: [],
+        },
 
     ],
+    frozen: true,
 
 }
 
@@ -220,19 +230,6 @@
 
 }
 
-java_library {
-    name: "mdns_aidl_interface-lateststable-java",
-    sdk_version: "module_current",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-    static_libs: [
-        "mdns_aidl_interface-V1-java",
-    ],
-    apex_available: [
-        "//apex_available:platform",
-        "com.android.tethering",
-    ],
-}
-
 aidl_interface {
     name: "mdns_aidl_interface",
     local_include_dir: "binder",
@@ -249,5 +246,17 @@
             min_sdk_version: "30",
         },
     },
-    versions: ["1"],
+    versions_with_info: [
+        {
+            version: "1",
+            imports: [],
+        },
+        {
+            version: "2",
+            imports: [],
+        },
+
+    ],
+    frozen: true,
+
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/.hash b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/.hash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..785d42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/.hash
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0e5d9ad0664b8b3ec9d323534c42333cf6f6ed3d
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/DiscoveryInfo.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/DiscoveryInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d31a327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/DiscoveryInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.mdns.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable DiscoveryInfo {
+  int id;
+  int result;
+  @utf8InCpp String serviceName;
+  @utf8InCpp String registrationType;
+  @utf8InCpp String domainName;
+  int interfaceIdx;
+  int netId;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/GetAddressInfo.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/GetAddressInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2049274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/GetAddressInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.mdns.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable GetAddressInfo {
+  int id;
+  int result;
+  @utf8InCpp String hostname;
+  @utf8InCpp String address;
+  int interfaceIdx;
+  int netId;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d84742b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.mdns.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+interface IMDns {
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on V+.
+   */
+  void startDaemon();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on V+.
+   */
+  void stopDaemon();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
+  void registerService(in android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
+  void discover(in android.net.mdns.aidl.DiscoveryInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
+  void resolve(in android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
+  void getServiceAddress(in android.net.mdns.aidl.GetAddressInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
+  void stopOperation(int id);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
+  void registerEventListener(in android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener listener);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
+  void unregisterEventListener(in android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener listener);
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..187a3d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.mdns.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+interface IMDnsEventListener {
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
+  oneway void onServiceRegistrationStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo status);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
+  oneway void onServiceDiscoveryStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.DiscoveryInfo status);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
+  oneway void onServiceResolutionStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo status);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
+  oneway void onGettingServiceAddressStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.GetAddressInfo status);
+  const int SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED = 602;
+  const int SERVICE_FOUND = 603;
+  const int SERVICE_LOST = 604;
+  const int SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED = 605;
+  const int SERVICE_REGISTERED = 606;
+  const int SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED = 607;
+  const int SERVICE_RESOLVED = 608;
+  const int SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED = 611;
+  const int SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS = 612;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/RegistrationInfo.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/RegistrationInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..185111b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/RegistrationInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.mdns.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable RegistrationInfo {
+  int id;
+  int result;
+  @utf8InCpp String serviceName;
+  @utf8InCpp String registrationType;
+  int port;
+  byte[] txtRecord;
+  int interfaceIdx;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/ResolutionInfo.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/ResolutionInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4aa7d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/2/android/net/mdns/aidl/ResolutionInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.mdns.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable ResolutionInfo {
+  int id;
+  int result;
+  @utf8InCpp String serviceName;
+  @utf8InCpp String registrationType;
+  @utf8InCpp String domain;
+  @utf8InCpp String serviceFullName;
+  @utf8InCpp String hostname;
+  int port;
+  byte[] txtRecord;
+  int interfaceIdx;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
index ecbe966..d84742b 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
@@ -34,13 +34,40 @@
 package android.net.mdns.aidl;
 /* @hide */
 interface IMDns {
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on V+.
+   */
   void startDaemon();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on V+.
+   */
   void stopDaemon();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
   void registerService(in android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
   void discover(in android.net.mdns.aidl.DiscoveryInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
   void resolve(in android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
   void getServiceAddress(in android.net.mdns.aidl.GetAddressInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
   void stopOperation(int id);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
   void registerEventListener(in android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener listener);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
+   */
   void unregisterEventListener(in android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener listener);
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
index 4625cac..187a3d2 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/mdns_aidl_interface/current/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
@@ -34,9 +34,21 @@
 package android.net.mdns.aidl;
 /* @hide */
 interface IMDnsEventListener {
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
   oneway void onServiceRegistrationStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo status);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
   oneway void onServiceDiscoveryStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.DiscoveryInfo status);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
   oneway void onServiceResolutionStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo status);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
+   */
   oneway void onGettingServiceAddressStatus(in android.net.mdns.aidl.GetAddressInfo status);
   const int SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED = 602;
   const int SERVICE_FOUND = 603;
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/.hash b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/.hash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bf7bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/.hash
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+50bce96bc8d5811ed952950df30ec503f8a561ed
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/INetd.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/INetd.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ccefb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/INetd.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+interface INetd {
+  boolean isAlive();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  boolean firewallReplaceUidChain(in @utf8InCpp String chainName, boolean isAllowlist, in int[] uids);
+  boolean bandwidthEnableDataSaver(boolean enable);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use networkCreate() instead.
+   */
+  void networkCreatePhysical(int netId, int permission);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use networkCreate() instead.
+   */
+  void networkCreateVpn(int netId, boolean secure);
+  void networkDestroy(int netId);
+  void networkAddInterface(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String iface);
+  void networkRemoveInterface(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String iface);
+  void networkAddUidRanges(int netId, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void networkRemoveUidRanges(int netId, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void networkRejectNonSecureVpn(boolean add, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void socketDestroy(in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges, in int[] exemptUids);
+  boolean tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel[] tetherGetStats();
+  void interfaceAddAddress(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String addrString, int prefixLength);
+  void interfaceDelAddress(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String addrString, int prefixLength);
+  @utf8InCpp String getProcSysNet(int ipversion, int which, in @utf8InCpp String ifname, in @utf8InCpp String parameter);
+  void setProcSysNet(int ipversion, int which, in @utf8InCpp String ifname, in @utf8InCpp String parameter, in @utf8InCpp String value);
+  void ipSecSetEncapSocketOwner(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int newUid);
+  int ipSecAllocateSpi(int transformId, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi);
+  void ipSecAddSecurityAssociation(int transformId, int mode, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int underlyingNetId, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, in @utf8InCpp String authAlgo, in byte[] authKey, in int authTruncBits, in @utf8InCpp String cryptAlgo, in byte[] cryptKey, in int cryptTruncBits, in @utf8InCpp String aeadAlgo, in byte[] aeadKey, in int aeadIcvBits, int encapType, int encapLocalPort, int encapRemotePort, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(int transformId, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecApplyTransportModeTransform(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int transformId, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi);
+  void ipSecRemoveTransportModeTransform(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket);
+  void ipSecAddSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String tmplSrcAddress, in @utf8InCpp String tmplDstAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecUpdateSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String tmplSrcAddress, in @utf8InCpp String tmplDstAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecDeleteSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecAddTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName, in @utf8InCpp String localAddress, in @utf8InCpp String remoteAddress, int iKey, int oKey, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecUpdateTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName, in @utf8InCpp String localAddress, in @utf8InCpp String remoteAddress, int iKey, int oKey, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecRemoveTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName);
+  void wakeupAddInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String prefix, int mark, int mask);
+  void wakeupDelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String prefix, int mark, int mask);
+  void setIPv6AddrGenMode(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int mode);
+  void idletimerAddInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int timeout, in @utf8InCpp String classLabel);
+  void idletimerRemoveInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int timeout, in @utf8InCpp String classLabel);
+  void strictUidCleartextPenalty(int uid, int policyPenalty);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The clatd control plane moved to the mainline module starting in T. See ClatCoordinator.
+   */
+  @utf8InCpp String clatdStart(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String nat64Prefix);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The clatd control plane moved to the mainline module starting in T. See ClatCoordinator.
+   */
+  void clatdStop(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  boolean ipfwdEnabled();
+  @utf8InCpp String[] ipfwdGetRequesterList();
+  void ipfwdEnableForwarding(in @utf8InCpp String requester);
+  void ipfwdDisableForwarding(in @utf8InCpp String requester);
+  void ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(in @utf8InCpp String fromIface, in @utf8InCpp String toIface);
+  void ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(in @utf8InCpp String fromIface, in @utf8InCpp String toIface);
+  void bandwidthSetInterfaceQuota(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, long bytes);
+  void bandwidthRemoveInterfaceQuota(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void bandwidthSetInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, long bytes);
+  void bandwidthRemoveInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void bandwidthSetGlobalAlert(long bytes);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthAddNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthRemoveNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthAddNiceApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthRemoveNiceApp(int uid);
+  void tetherStart(in @utf8InCpp String[] dhcpRanges);
+  void tetherStop();
+  boolean tetherIsEnabled();
+  void tetherInterfaceAdd(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void tetherInterfaceRemove(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] tetherInterfaceList();
+  void tetherDnsSet(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String[] dnsAddrs);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] tetherDnsList();
+  void networkAddRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop);
+  void networkRemoveRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop);
+  void networkAddLegacyRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop, int uid);
+  void networkRemoveLegacyRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop, int uid);
+  int networkGetDefault();
+  void networkSetDefault(int netId);
+  void networkClearDefault();
+  void networkSetPermissionForNetwork(int netId, int permission);
+  void networkSetPermissionForUser(int permission, in int[] uids);
+  void networkClearPermissionForUser(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void trafficSetNetPermForUids(int permission, in int[] uids);
+  void networkSetProtectAllow(int uid);
+  void networkSetProtectDeny(int uid);
+  boolean networkCanProtect(int uid);
+  void firewallSetFirewallType(int firewalltype);
+  void firewallSetInterfaceRule(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallSetUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallEnableChildChain(int childChain, boolean enable);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] interfaceGetList();
+  android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel interfaceGetCfg(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void interfaceSetCfg(in android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel cfg);
+  void interfaceSetIPv6PrivacyExtensions(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean enable);
+  void interfaceClearAddrs(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void interfaceSetEnableIPv6(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean enable);
+  void interfaceSetMtu(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int mtu);
+  void tetherAddForward(in @utf8InCpp String intIface, in @utf8InCpp String extIface);
+  void tetherRemoveForward(in @utf8InCpp String intIface, in @utf8InCpp String extIface);
+  void setTcpRWmemorySize(in @utf8InCpp String rmemValues, in @utf8InCpp String wmemValues);
+  void registerUnsolicitedEventListener(android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener listener);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void trafficSwapActiveStatsMap();
+  IBinder getOemNetd();
+  void tetherStartWithConfiguration(in android.net.TetherConfigParcel config);
+  android.net.MarkMaskParcel getFwmarkForNetwork(int netId);
+  void networkAddRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  void networkUpdateRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  void networkRemoveRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadRuleAdd(in android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel rule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadRuleRemove(in android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel rule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel[] tetherOffloadGetStats();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(int ifIndex, long quotaBytes);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(int ifIndex);
+  void networkCreate(in android.net.NativeNetworkConfig config);
+  void networkAddUidRangesParcel(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig uidRangesConfig);
+  void networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig uidRangesConfig);
+  void ipSecMigrate(in android.net.IpSecMigrateInfoParcel migrateInfo);
+  void setNetworkAllowlist(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig[] allowedNetworks);
+  const int IPV4 = 4;
+  const int IPV6 = 6;
+  const int CONF = 1;
+  const int NEIGH = 2;
+  const String IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX = "ipsec";
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_EUI64 = 0;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE = 1;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_STABLE_PRIVACY = 2;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_RANDOM = 3;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_DEFAULT = 0;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_ACCEPT = 1;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_LOG = 2;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_REJECT = 3;
+  const int CLAT_MARK = 0xdeadc1a7;
+  const int LOCAL_NET_ID = 99;
+  const int DUMMY_NET_ID = 51;
+  const int UNREACHABLE_NET_ID = 52;
+  const String NEXTHOP_NONE = "";
+  const String NEXTHOP_UNREACHABLE = "unreachable";
+  const String NEXTHOP_THROW = "throw";
+  const int PERMISSION_NONE = 0;
+  const int PERMISSION_NETWORK = 1;
+  const int PERMISSION_SYSTEM = 2;
+  const int NO_PERMISSIONS = 0;
+  const int PERMISSION_INTERNET = 4;
+  const int PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 8;
+  const int PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED = (-1) /* -1 */;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST.
+   */
+  const int FIREWALL_WHITELIST = 0;
+  const int FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST = 0;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use FIREWALL_DENYLIST.
+   */
+  const int FIREWALL_BLACKLIST = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_DENYLIST = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_RULE_DENY = 2;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_NONE = 0;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4;
+  const String IF_STATE_UP = "up";
+  const String IF_STATE_DOWN = "down";
+  const String IF_FLAG_BROADCAST = "broadcast";
+  const String IF_FLAG_LOOPBACK = "loopback";
+  const String IF_FLAG_POINTOPOINT = "point-to-point";
+  const String IF_FLAG_RUNNING = "running";
+  const String IF_FLAG_MULTICAST = "multicast";
+  const int IPSEC_DIRECTION_IN = 0;
+  const int IPSEC_DIRECTION_OUT = 1;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31775df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+interface INetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+  oneway void onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(boolean isActive, int timerLabel, long timestampNs, int uid);
+  oneway void onQuotaLimitReached(@utf8InCpp String alertName, @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceDnsServerInfo(@utf8InCpp String ifName, long lifetimeS, in @utf8InCpp String[] servers);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAddressUpdated(@utf8InCpp String addr, @utf8InCpp String ifName, int flags, int scope);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAddressRemoved(@utf8InCpp String addr, @utf8InCpp String ifName, int flags, int scope);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAdded(@utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceRemoved(@utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceChanged(@utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean up);
+  oneway void onInterfaceLinkStateChanged(@utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean up);
+  oneway void onRouteChanged(boolean updated, @utf8InCpp String route, @utf8InCpp String gateway, @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onStrictCleartextDetected(int uid, @utf8InCpp String hex);
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1869d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable InterfaceConfigurationParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String ifName;
+  @utf8InCpp String hwAddr;
+  @utf8InCpp String ipv4Addr;
+  int prefixLength;
+  @utf8InCpp String[] flags;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..975a261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable IpSecMigrateInfoParcel {
+  int requestId;
+  int selAddrFamily;
+  int direction;
+  @utf8InCpp String oldSourceAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String oldDestinationAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String newSourceAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String newDestinationAddress;
+  int interfaceId;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ea20d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable MarkMaskParcel {
+  int mark;
+  int mask;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77d814b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable NativeNetworkConfig {
+  int netId;
+  android.net.NativeNetworkType networkType = android.net.NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL;
+  int permission;
+  boolean secure;
+  android.net.NativeVpnType vpnType = android.net.NativeVpnType.PLATFORM;
+  boolean excludeLocalRoutes = false;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77a143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum NativeNetworkType {
+  PHYSICAL = 0,
+  VIRTUAL = 1,
+  PHYSICAL_LOCAL = 2,
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a8be83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum NativeVpnType {
+  SERVICE = 1,
+  PLATFORM = 2,
+  LEGACY = 3,
+  OEM = 4,
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ef95e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+parcelable RouteInfoParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String destination;
+  @utf8InCpp String ifName;
+  @utf8InCpp String nextHop;
+  int mtu;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b39c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherConfigParcel {
+  boolean usingLegacyDnsProxy;
+  @utf8InCpp String[] dhcpRanges;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..983e986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherOffloadRuleParcel {
+  int inputInterfaceIndex;
+  int outputInterfaceIndex;
+  byte[] destination;
+  int prefixLength;
+  byte[] srcL2Address;
+  byte[] dstL2Address;
+  int pmtu = 1500;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1b722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherStatsParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String iface;
+  long rxBytes;
+  long rxPackets;
+  long txBytes;
+  long txPackets;
+  int ifIndex = 0;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72e987a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable UidRangeParcel {
+  int start;
+  int stop;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bb679f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/14/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.netd.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable NativeUidRangeConfig {
+  int netId;
+  android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges;
+  int subPriority;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/.hash b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/.hash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afdadcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/.hash
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2be6ff6fb01645cdddb3bb60f6de5727e5733267
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/INetd.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/INetd.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80b3b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/INetd.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+interface INetd {
+  boolean isAlive();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  boolean firewallReplaceUidChain(in @utf8InCpp String chainName, boolean isAllowlist, in int[] uids);
+  boolean bandwidthEnableDataSaver(boolean enable);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use networkCreate() instead.
+   */
+  void networkCreatePhysical(int netId, int permission);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use networkCreate() instead.
+   */
+  void networkCreateVpn(int netId, boolean secure);
+  void networkDestroy(int netId);
+  void networkAddInterface(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String iface);
+  void networkRemoveInterface(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String iface);
+  void networkAddUidRanges(int netId, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void networkRemoveUidRanges(int netId, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void networkRejectNonSecureVpn(boolean add, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void socketDestroy(in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges, in int[] exemptUids);
+  boolean tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel[] tetherGetStats();
+  void interfaceAddAddress(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String addrString, int prefixLength);
+  void interfaceDelAddress(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String addrString, int prefixLength);
+  @utf8InCpp String getProcSysNet(int ipversion, int which, in @utf8InCpp String ifname, in @utf8InCpp String parameter);
+  void setProcSysNet(int ipversion, int which, in @utf8InCpp String ifname, in @utf8InCpp String parameter, in @utf8InCpp String value);
+  void ipSecSetEncapSocketOwner(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int newUid);
+  int ipSecAllocateSpi(int transformId, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi);
+  void ipSecAddSecurityAssociation(int transformId, int mode, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int underlyingNetId, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, in @utf8InCpp String authAlgo, in byte[] authKey, in int authTruncBits, in @utf8InCpp String cryptAlgo, in byte[] cryptKey, in int cryptTruncBits, in @utf8InCpp String aeadAlgo, in byte[] aeadKey, in int aeadIcvBits, int encapType, int encapLocalPort, int encapRemotePort, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(int transformId, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecApplyTransportModeTransform(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int transformId, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi);
+  void ipSecRemoveTransportModeTransform(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket);
+  void ipSecAddSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String tmplSrcAddress, in @utf8InCpp String tmplDstAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecUpdateSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String tmplSrcAddress, in @utf8InCpp String tmplDstAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecDeleteSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecAddTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName, in @utf8InCpp String localAddress, in @utf8InCpp String remoteAddress, int iKey, int oKey, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecUpdateTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName, in @utf8InCpp String localAddress, in @utf8InCpp String remoteAddress, int iKey, int oKey, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecRemoveTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName);
+  void wakeupAddInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String prefix, int mark, int mask);
+  void wakeupDelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String prefix, int mark, int mask);
+  void setIPv6AddrGenMode(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int mode);
+  void idletimerAddInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int timeout, in @utf8InCpp String classLabel);
+  void idletimerRemoveInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int timeout, in @utf8InCpp String classLabel);
+  void strictUidCleartextPenalty(int uid, int policyPenalty);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The clatd control plane moved to the mainline module starting in T. See ClatCoordinator.
+   */
+  @utf8InCpp String clatdStart(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String nat64Prefix);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The clatd control plane moved to the mainline module starting in T. See ClatCoordinator.
+   */
+  void clatdStop(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  boolean ipfwdEnabled();
+  @utf8InCpp String[] ipfwdGetRequesterList();
+  void ipfwdEnableForwarding(in @utf8InCpp String requester);
+  void ipfwdDisableForwarding(in @utf8InCpp String requester);
+  void ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(in @utf8InCpp String fromIface, in @utf8InCpp String toIface);
+  void ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(in @utf8InCpp String fromIface, in @utf8InCpp String toIface);
+  void bandwidthSetInterfaceQuota(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, long bytes);
+  void bandwidthRemoveInterfaceQuota(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void bandwidthSetInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, long bytes);
+  void bandwidthRemoveInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void bandwidthSetGlobalAlert(long bytes);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthAddNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthRemoveNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthAddNiceApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthRemoveNiceApp(int uid);
+  void tetherStart(in @utf8InCpp String[] dhcpRanges);
+  void tetherStop();
+  boolean tetherIsEnabled();
+  void tetherInterfaceAdd(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void tetherInterfaceRemove(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] tetherInterfaceList();
+  void tetherDnsSet(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String[] dnsAddrs);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] tetherDnsList();
+  void networkAddRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop);
+  void networkRemoveRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop);
+  void networkAddLegacyRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop, int uid);
+  void networkRemoveLegacyRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop, int uid);
+  int networkGetDefault();
+  void networkSetDefault(int netId);
+  void networkClearDefault();
+  void networkSetPermissionForNetwork(int netId, int permission);
+  void networkSetPermissionForUser(int permission, in int[] uids);
+  void networkClearPermissionForUser(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void trafficSetNetPermForUids(int permission, in int[] uids);
+  void networkSetProtectAllow(int uid);
+  void networkSetProtectDeny(int uid);
+  boolean networkCanProtect(int uid);
+  void firewallSetFirewallType(int firewalltype);
+  void firewallSetInterfaceRule(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallSetUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallEnableChildChain(int childChain, boolean enable);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] interfaceGetList();
+  android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel interfaceGetCfg(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void interfaceSetCfg(in android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel cfg);
+  void interfaceSetIPv6PrivacyExtensions(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean enable);
+  void interfaceClearAddrs(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void interfaceSetEnableIPv6(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean enable);
+  void interfaceSetMtu(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int mtu);
+  void tetherAddForward(in @utf8InCpp String intIface, in @utf8InCpp String extIface);
+  void tetherRemoveForward(in @utf8InCpp String intIface, in @utf8InCpp String extIface);
+  void setTcpRWmemorySize(in @utf8InCpp String rmemValues, in @utf8InCpp String wmemValues);
+  void registerUnsolicitedEventListener(android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener listener);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void trafficSwapActiveStatsMap();
+  IBinder getOemNetd();
+  void tetherStartWithConfiguration(in android.net.TetherConfigParcel config);
+  android.net.MarkMaskParcel getFwmarkForNetwork(int netId);
+  void networkAddRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  void networkUpdateRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  void networkRemoveRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadRuleAdd(in android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel rule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadRuleRemove(in android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel rule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel[] tetherOffloadGetStats();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(int ifIndex, long quotaBytes);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(int ifIndex);
+  void networkCreate(in android.net.NativeNetworkConfig config);
+  void networkAddUidRangesParcel(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig uidRangesConfig);
+  void networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig uidRangesConfig);
+  void ipSecMigrate(in android.net.IpSecMigrateInfoParcel migrateInfo);
+  void setNetworkAllowlist(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig[] allowedNetworks);
+  void networkAllowBypassVpnOnNetwork(boolean allow, int uid, int netId);
+  const int IPV4 = 4;
+  const int IPV6 = 6;
+  const int CONF = 1;
+  const int NEIGH = 2;
+  const String IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX = "ipsec";
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_EUI64 = 0;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE = 1;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_STABLE_PRIVACY = 2;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_RANDOM = 3;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_DEFAULT = 0;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_ACCEPT = 1;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_LOG = 2;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_REJECT = 3;
+  const int CLAT_MARK = 0xdeadc1a7;
+  const int LOCAL_NET_ID = 99;
+  const int DUMMY_NET_ID = 51;
+  const int UNREACHABLE_NET_ID = 52;
+  const String NEXTHOP_NONE = "";
+  const String NEXTHOP_UNREACHABLE = "unreachable";
+  const String NEXTHOP_THROW = "throw";
+  const int PERMISSION_NONE = 0;
+  const int PERMISSION_NETWORK = 1;
+  const int PERMISSION_SYSTEM = 2;
+  const int NO_PERMISSIONS = 0;
+  const int PERMISSION_INTERNET = 4;
+  const int PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 8;
+  const int PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED = (-1) /* -1 */;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST.
+   */
+  const int FIREWALL_WHITELIST = 0;
+  const int FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST = 0;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use FIREWALL_DENYLIST.
+   */
+  const int FIREWALL_BLACKLIST = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_DENYLIST = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_RULE_DENY = 2;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_NONE = 0;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4;
+  const String IF_STATE_UP = "up";
+  const String IF_STATE_DOWN = "down";
+  const String IF_FLAG_BROADCAST = "broadcast";
+  const String IF_FLAG_LOOPBACK = "loopback";
+  const String IF_FLAG_POINTOPOINT = "point-to-point";
+  const String IF_FLAG_RUNNING = "running";
+  const String IF_FLAG_MULTICAST = "multicast";
+  const int IPSEC_DIRECTION_IN = 0;
+  const int IPSEC_DIRECTION_OUT = 1;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31775df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+interface INetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+  oneway void onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(boolean isActive, int timerLabel, long timestampNs, int uid);
+  oneway void onQuotaLimitReached(@utf8InCpp String alertName, @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceDnsServerInfo(@utf8InCpp String ifName, long lifetimeS, in @utf8InCpp String[] servers);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAddressUpdated(@utf8InCpp String addr, @utf8InCpp String ifName, int flags, int scope);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAddressRemoved(@utf8InCpp String addr, @utf8InCpp String ifName, int flags, int scope);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAdded(@utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceRemoved(@utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceChanged(@utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean up);
+  oneway void onInterfaceLinkStateChanged(@utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean up);
+  oneway void onRouteChanged(boolean updated, @utf8InCpp String route, @utf8InCpp String gateway, @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onStrictCleartextDetected(int uid, @utf8InCpp String hex);
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1869d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable InterfaceConfigurationParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String ifName;
+  @utf8InCpp String hwAddr;
+  @utf8InCpp String ipv4Addr;
+  int prefixLength;
+  @utf8InCpp String[] flags;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..975a261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable IpSecMigrateInfoParcel {
+  int requestId;
+  int selAddrFamily;
+  int direction;
+  @utf8InCpp String oldSourceAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String oldDestinationAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String newSourceAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String newDestinationAddress;
+  int interfaceId;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ea20d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable MarkMaskParcel {
+  int mark;
+  int mask;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77d814b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable NativeNetworkConfig {
+  int netId;
+  android.net.NativeNetworkType networkType = android.net.NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL;
+  int permission;
+  boolean secure;
+  android.net.NativeVpnType vpnType = android.net.NativeVpnType.PLATFORM;
+  boolean excludeLocalRoutes = false;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77a143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum NativeNetworkType {
+  PHYSICAL = 0,
+  VIRTUAL = 1,
+  PHYSICAL_LOCAL = 2,
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a8be83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum NativeVpnType {
+  SERVICE = 1,
+  PLATFORM = 2,
+  LEGACY = 3,
+  OEM = 4,
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ef95e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+parcelable RouteInfoParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String destination;
+  @utf8InCpp String ifName;
+  @utf8InCpp String nextHop;
+  int mtu;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b39c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherConfigParcel {
+  boolean usingLegacyDnsProxy;
+  @utf8InCpp String[] dhcpRanges;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..983e986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherOffloadRuleParcel {
+  int inputInterfaceIndex;
+  int outputInterfaceIndex;
+  byte[] destination;
+  int prefixLength;
+  byte[] srcL2Address;
+  byte[] dstL2Address;
+  int pmtu = 1500;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1b722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherStatsParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String iface;
+  long rxBytes;
+  long rxPackets;
+  long txBytes;
+  long txPackets;
+  int ifIndex = 0;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72e987a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable UidRangeParcel {
+  int start;
+  int stop;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bb679f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/15/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.netd.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable NativeUidRangeConfig {
+  int netId;
+  android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges;
+  int subPriority;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl
index 3507784..80b3b62 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
 /* @hide */
 interface INetd {
   boolean isAlive();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   boolean firewallReplaceUidChain(in @utf8InCpp String chainName, boolean isAllowlist, in int[] uids);
   boolean bandwidthEnableDataSaver(boolean enable);
   /**
@@ -95,9 +98,21 @@
   void bandwidthSetInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, long bytes);
   void bandwidthRemoveInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
   void bandwidthSetGlobalAlert(long bytes);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void bandwidthAddNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void bandwidthRemoveNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void bandwidthAddNiceApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void bandwidthRemoveNiceApp(int uid);
   void tetherStart(in @utf8InCpp String[] dhcpRanges);
   void tetherStop();
@@ -117,13 +132,22 @@
   void networkSetPermissionForNetwork(int netId, int permission);
   void networkSetPermissionForUser(int permission, in int[] uids);
   void networkClearPermissionForUser(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void trafficSetNetPermForUids(int permission, in int[] uids);
   void networkSetProtectAllow(int uid);
   void networkSetProtectDeny(int uid);
   boolean networkCanProtect(int uid);
   void firewallSetFirewallType(int firewalltype);
   void firewallSetInterfaceRule(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void firewallSetUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void firewallEnableChildChain(int childChain, boolean enable);
   @utf8InCpp String[] interfaceGetList();
   android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel interfaceGetCfg(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
@@ -136,8 +160,17 @@
   void tetherRemoveForward(in @utf8InCpp String intIface, in @utf8InCpp String extIface);
   void setTcpRWmemorySize(in @utf8InCpp String rmemValues, in @utf8InCpp String wmemValues);
   void registerUnsolicitedEventListener(android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener listener);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
   void trafficSwapActiveStatsMap();
   IBinder getOemNetd();
   void tetherStartWithConfiguration(in android.net.TetherConfigParcel config);
@@ -170,6 +203,7 @@
   void networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig uidRangesConfig);
   void ipSecMigrate(in android.net.IpSecMigrateInfoParcel migrateInfo);
   void setNetworkAllowlist(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig[] allowedNetworks);
+  void networkAllowBypassVpnOnNetwork(boolean allow, int uid, int netId);
   const int IPV4 = 4;
   const int IPV6 = 6;
   const int CONF = 1;
@@ -196,7 +230,7 @@
   const int NO_PERMISSIONS = 0;
   const int PERMISSION_INTERNET = 4;
   const int PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 8;
-  const int PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED = (-1);
+  const int PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED = (-1) /* -1 */;
   /**
    * @deprecated use FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST.
    */
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl
index 27d9a03..e4c63b9 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
      * @param isAllowlist Whether this is an allowlist or denylist chain.
      * @param uids The list of UIDs to allow/deny.
      * @return true if the chain was successfully replaced, false otherwise.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
      */
     boolean firewallReplaceUidChain(in @utf8InCpp String chainName,
                                     boolean isAllowlist,
@@ -683,6 +684,7 @@
     * @param uid uid of target app
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
     *         cause of the failure.
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void bandwidthAddNaughtyApp(int uid);
 
@@ -692,6 +694,7 @@
     * @param uid uid of target app
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
     *         cause of the failure.
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void bandwidthRemoveNaughtyApp(int uid);
 
@@ -701,6 +704,7 @@
     * @param uid uid of target app
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
     *         cause of the failure.
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void bandwidthAddNiceApp(int uid);
 
@@ -710,6 +714,7 @@
     * @param uid uid of target app
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
     *         cause of the failure.
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void bandwidthRemoveNiceApp(int uid);
 
@@ -983,6 +988,7 @@
     *                   PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS. If the permission is NO_PERMISSIONS, then
     *                   revoke all permissions for the uids.
     * @param uids uid of users to grant permission
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void trafficSetNetPermForUids(int permission, in int[] uids);
 
@@ -1071,6 +1077,7 @@
     * @param firewallRule either FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW or FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
     *         cause of the failure.
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void firewallSetUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
 
@@ -1081,6 +1088,7 @@
     * @param enable whether to enable or disable child chain.
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
     *         cause of the failure.
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void firewallEnableChildChain(int childChain, boolean enable);
 
@@ -1212,6 +1220,7 @@
      * @param uids an array of UIDs which the filtering rules will be set
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
      *         cause of the failure.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
      */
     void firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in int[] uids);
 
@@ -1224,6 +1233,7 @@
      * @param uids an array of UIDs from which the filtering rules will be removed
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
      *         cause of the failure.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
      */
     void firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(in int[] uids);
 
@@ -1231,6 +1241,7 @@
     * Request netd to change the current active network stats map.
     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
     *         cause of the failure.
+    * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
     */
     void trafficSwapActiveStatsMap();
 
@@ -1435,4 +1446,27 @@
     *                               - subPriority: unused
     */
     void setNetworkAllowlist(in NativeUidRangeConfig[] allowedNetworks);
+
+    /**
+     * Allow the UID to explicitly select the given network even if it is subject to a VPN.
+     *
+     * Throws ServiceSpecificException with error code EEXISTS when trying to add a bypass rule that
+     * already exists, and ENOENT when trying to remove a bypass rule that does not exist.
+     *
+     * netId specific bypass rules can be combined and are allowed to overlap with global VPN
+     * exclusions (by calling networkSetProtectAllow / networkSetProtectDeny, or by setting netId to
+     * 0). Adding or removing global VPN bypass rules does not affect the netId specific rules and
+     * vice versa.
+     *
+     * Note that if netId is set to 0 (NETID_UNSET) this API is equivalent to
+     * networkSetProtectAllow} / #networkSetProtectDeny.
+     *
+     * @param allow whether to allow or disallow the operation.
+     * @param uid the UID
+     * @param netId the netId that the UID is allowed to select.
+     *
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *         cause of the failure.
+     */
+    void networkAllowBypassVpnOnNetwork(boolean allow, int uid, int netId);
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
index 255d70f..3bf1da8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDns.aidl
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
      * Start the MDNSResponder daemon.
      *
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with unix errno EALREADY if daemon is already running.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android V and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on V+.
      */
     void startDaemon();
 
@@ -35,6 +37,8 @@
      * Stop the MDNSResponder daemon.
      *
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with unix errno EBUSY if daemon is still in use.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android V and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on V+.
      */
     void stopDaemon();
 
@@ -49,6 +53,8 @@
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following error values:
      *         - Unix errno EBUSY if request id is already in use.
      *         - kDNSServiceErr_* list in dns_sd.h if registration fail.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android U and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
      */
     void registerService(in RegistrationInfo info);
 
@@ -63,6 +69,8 @@
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following error values:
      *         - Unix errno EBUSY if request id is already in use.
      *         - kDNSServiceErr_* list in dns_sd.h if discovery fail.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android U and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
      */
     void discover(in DiscoveryInfo info);
 
@@ -77,6 +85,8 @@
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following error values:
      *         - Unix errno EBUSY if request id is already in use.
      *         - kDNSServiceErr_* list in dns_sd.h if resolution fail.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android U and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
      */
     void resolve(in ResolutionInfo info);
 
@@ -92,6 +102,8 @@
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following error values:
      *         - Unix errno EBUSY if request id is already in use.
      *         - kDNSServiceErr_* list in dns_sd.h if getting address fail.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android U and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
      */
     void getServiceAddress(in GetAddressInfo info);
 
@@ -101,6 +113,8 @@
      * @param id the operation id to be stopped.
      *
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with unix errno ESRCH if request id is not in use.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android U and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
      */
     void stopOperation(int id);
 
@@ -112,6 +126,8 @@
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with one of the following error values:
      *         - Unix errno EINVAL if listener is null.
      *         - Unix errno EEXIST if register duplicated listener.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android U and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
      */
     void registerEventListener(in IMDnsEventListener listener);
 
@@ -121,6 +137,8 @@
      * @param listener The listener to be unregistered.
      *
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException with unix errno EINVAL if listener is null.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException on Android U and after.
+     * @deprecated unimplemented on U+.
      */
     void unregisterEventListener(in IMDnsEventListener listener);
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
index a202a26..f7f028b 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/mdns/aidl/IMDnsEventListener.aidl
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 oneway interface IMDnsEventListener {
     /**
      * Types for MDNS operation result.
-     * These are in sync with frameworks/libs/net/common/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/\
-     * ResponseCode.h
+     * These are in sync with packages/modules/Connectivity/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/\
+     * netdutils/ResponseCode.h
      */
     const int SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED     = 602;
     const int SERVICE_FOUND                = 603;
@@ -46,21 +46,29 @@
 
     /**
      * Notify service registration status.
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
      */
     void onServiceRegistrationStatus(in RegistrationInfo status);
 
     /**
      * Notify service discovery status.
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
      */
     void onServiceDiscoveryStatus(in DiscoveryInfo status);
 
     /**
      * Notify service resolution status.
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
      */
     void onServiceResolutionStatus(in ResolutionInfo status);
 
     /**
      * Notify getting service address status.
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is implemented for backward compatibility. Don't use it in new code.
      */
     void onGettingServiceAddressStatus(in GetAddressInfo status);
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/Android.bp
index fdb9380..2ae5911 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -22,7 +23,10 @@
         "Utils.cpp",
     ],
     defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
-    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/InternetAddresses.cpp b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/InternetAddresses.cpp
index 322f1b1..6d98608 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/InternetAddresses.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/InternetAddresses.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "netdutils/InternetAddresses.h"
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/InternetAddresses.h b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/InternetAddresses.h
index d10cec7..d662739 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/InternetAddresses.h
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/InternetAddresses.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "netdutils/NetworkConstants.h"
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Log.h b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Log.h
index 77ae649..d266cbc 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Log.h
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Log.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <deque>
+#include <functional>
 #include <shared_mutex>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Slice.h b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Slice.h
index 717fbd1..aa12927 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Slice.h
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Slice.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Status.h b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Status.h
index 7b0bd47..34f3bb2 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Status.h
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/Status.h
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@
     // Constructs an error Status, |code| must be non-zero.
     Status(int code, std::string msg) : mCode(code), mMsg(std::move(msg)) { assert(!ok()); }
 
+    // Constructs an error Status with message. Error |code| is unspecified.
+    explicit Status(std::string msg) : Status(std::numeric_limits<int>::max(), std::move(msg)) {}
+
     Status(android::base::Result<void> result)
         : mCode(result.ok() ? 0 : static_cast<int>(result.error().code())),
           mMsg(result.ok() ? "" : result.error().message()) {}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 031e52f..fa466f8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 //########################################################################
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
 android_library {
     name: "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
-    srcs: ["src/**/*.java","src/**/*.kt"],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
     static_libs: [
@@ -21,6 +25,7 @@
         "net-utils-device-common-async",
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
         "net-utils-device-common-ip",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
         "net-utils-device-common-wear",
     ],
     libs: [
@@ -33,7 +38,9 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests/integration",
     ],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        test: true,
+    },
 }
 
 android_test {
@@ -49,5 +56,4 @@
     ],
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java
index e25d554..29e84c9 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
             0x00, 0x1a, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x33 };
     private static final byte[] TEST_TARGET_MAC_ADDR = new byte[] {
             0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
+    private static final MacAddress TEST_DESTINATION_MAC = MacAddress.fromBytes(ETHER_BROADCAST);
+    private static final MacAddress TEST_SOURCE_MAC = MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_SENDER_MAC_ADDR);
     private static final byte[] TEST_ARP_PROBE = new byte[] {
         // dst mac address
         (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
@@ -163,6 +165,8 @@
     @Test
     public void testParseArpProbePacket() throws Exception {
         final ArpPacket packet = ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(TEST_ARP_PROBE, TEST_ARP_PROBE.length);
+        assertEquals(packet.destination, TEST_DESTINATION_MAC);
+        assertEquals(packet.source, TEST_SOURCE_MAC);
         assertEquals(packet.opCode, ARP_REQUEST);
         assertEquals(packet.senderHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_SENDER_MAC_ADDR));
         assertEquals(packet.targetHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_TARGET_MAC_ADDR));
@@ -174,6 +178,8 @@
     public void testParseArpAnnouncePacket() throws Exception {
         final ArpPacket packet = ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(TEST_ARP_ANNOUNCE,
                 TEST_ARP_ANNOUNCE.length);
+        assertEquals(packet.destination, TEST_DESTINATION_MAC);
+        assertEquals(packet.source, TEST_SOURCE_MAC);
         assertEquals(packet.opCode, ARP_REQUEST);
         assertEquals(packet.senderHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_SENDER_MAC_ADDR));
         assertEquals(packet.targetHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_TARGET_MAC_ADDR));
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
index e23f999..4ed3afd 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util
 
+import android.util.SparseArray
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
@@ -179,4 +180,20 @@
             CollectionUtils.assoc(listOf(1, 2), list15)
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetIndexForValue() {
+        val sparseArray = SparseArray<String>();
+        sparseArray.put(5, "hello");
+        sparseArray.put(10, "abcd");
+        sparseArray.put(20, null);
+
+        val value1 = "abcd";
+        val value1Copy = String(value1.toCharArray())
+        val value2 = null;
+
+        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1));
+        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1Copy));
+        assertEquals(2, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value2));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java
index 06b3e2f..9fb61d9 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 
@@ -71,10 +72,6 @@
 public class DeviceConfigUtilsTest {
     private static final String TEST_NAME_SPACE = "connectivity";
     private static final String TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG = "experiment_flag";
-    private static final String CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_NAMESPACE = "android_core_networking";
-    private static final String TEST_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG = "trunk_stable_feature";
-    private static final String TEST_CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG_PROPERTY =
-            "com.android.net.flags.trunk_stable_feature";
     private static final int TEST_FLAG_VALUE = 28;
     private static final String TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING = "28";
     private static final int TEST_DEFAULT_FLAG_VALUE = 0;
@@ -237,8 +234,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
+                NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
     }
     @Test
     public void testIsFeatureEnabledFeatureDefaultDisabled() throws Exception {
@@ -246,8 +247,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the flag is unset, package info is not queried
         verify(mContext, never()).getPackageManager();
@@ -261,8 +266,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the feature is force enabled, package info is not queried
         verify(mContext, never()).getPackageManager();
@@ -276,8 +285,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("-1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("-1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the feature is force disabled, package info is not queried
         verify(mContext, never()).getPackageManager();
@@ -294,24 +307,36 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // Feature should be disabled by flag value "999999999".
         doReturn("999999999").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("999999999").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("999999999").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the flag is not set feature is disabled
         doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -324,9 +349,13 @@
                 NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("0").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
                 NAMESPACE_TETHERING, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("0").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
+                NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
@@ -347,6 +376,21 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testIsCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabledCaching() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
+                NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+
+        // Package info is only queried once
+        verify(mContext, times(1)).getPackageManager();
+        verify(mContext, times(1)).getPackageName();
+        verify(mPm, times(1)).getPackageInfo(anyString(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testIsTetheringFeatureEnabledCaching() throws Exception {
         doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
@@ -507,25 +551,4 @@
         verify(mContext, never()).getPackageName();
         verify(mPm, never()).getPackageInfo(anyString(), anyInt());
     }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testIsCoreNetworkingTrunkStableFeatureEnabled() {
-        doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
-                CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_NAMESPACE,
-                TEST_CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG_PROPERTY));
-        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(
-                TEST_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG));
-
-        doReturn("false").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
-                CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_NAMESPACE,
-                TEST_CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG_PROPERTY));
-        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(
-                TEST_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG));
-
-        doReturn("true").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
-                CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_NAMESPACE,
-                TEST_CORE_NETWORKING_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG_PROPERTY));
-        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isTrunkStableFeatureEnabled(
-                TEST_TRUNK_STABLE_FLAG));
-    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacketTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacketTest.java
index 28e183a..88d9e1e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacketTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacketTest.java
@@ -203,6 +203,30 @@
                 "test.com", CLASS_IN, 0 /* ttl */, "example.com"));
     }
 
+    /** Verifies that the type of implementation returned from DnsRecord#parse is correct */
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsRecordParse() throws IOException {
+        final byte[] svcbQuestionRecord = new byte[] {
+                0x07, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e', 0x03, 'c', 'o', 'm', 0x00, /* Name */
+                0x00, 0x40, /* Type */
+                0x00, 0x01, /* Class */
+        };
+        assertTrue(DnsPacket.DnsRecord.parse(DnsPacket.QDSECTION,
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(svcbQuestionRecord)) instanceof DnsSvcbRecord);
+
+        final byte[] svcbAnswerRecord = new byte[] {
+                0x07, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e', 0x03, 'c', 'o', 'm', 0x00, /* Name */
+                0x00, 0x40, /* Type */
+                0x00, 0x01, /* Class */
+                0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x2b, /* TTL */
+                0x00, 0x0b, /* Data length */
+                0x00, 0x01, /* SvcPriority */
+                0x03, 'd', 'o', 't', 0x03, 'c', 'o', 'm', 0x00, /* TargetName */
+        };
+        assertTrue(DnsPacket.DnsRecord.parse(DnsPacket.ANSECTION,
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(svcbAnswerRecord)) instanceof DnsSvcbRecord);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Verifies ttl/rData error handling when parsing
      * {@link DnsPacket.DnsRecord} from bytes.
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbPacketTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbPacketTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d59795f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DnsSvcbPacketTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.CLASS_IN;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_A;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket.TYPE_SVCB;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class DnsSvcbPacketTest {
+    private static final short TEST_TRANSACTION_ID = 0x4321;
+    private static final byte[] TEST_DNS_RESPONSE_HEADER_FLAG =  new byte[] { (byte) 0x81, 0x00 };
+
+    // A common DNS SVCB Question section with Name = "_dns.resolver.arpa".
+    private static final byte[] TEST_DNS_SVCB_QUESTION_SECTION = new byte[] {
+            0x04, '_', 'd', 'n', 's', 0x08, 'r', 'e', 's', 'o', 'l', 'v', 'e', 'r',
+            0x04, 'a', 'r', 'p', 'a', 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x01,
+    };
+
+    // mandatory=ipv4hint,alpn,key333
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_MANDATORY = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x4d,
+    };
+
+    // alpn=doq
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_DOQ = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 'd', 'o', 'q'
+    };
+
+    // alpn=h2,http/1.1
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_HTTPS = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x02, 'h', '2',
+            0x08, 'h', 't', 't', 'p', '/', '1', '.', '1',
+    };
+
+    // no-default-alpn
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_NO_DEFAULT_ALPN = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
+    };
+
+    // port=5353
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_PORT = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x14, (byte) 0xe9,
+    };
+
+    // ipv4hint=1.2.3.4,6.7.8.9
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV4HINT_1 = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09,
+    };
+
+    // ipv4hint=4.3.2.1
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV4HINT_2 = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+    };
+
+    // ech=aBcDe
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_ECH = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 'a', 'B', 'c', 'D', 'e',
+    };
+
+    // ipv6hint=2001:db8::1
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV6HINT = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
+    };
+
+    // dohpath=/some-path{?dns}
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_DOHPATH = new byte[] {
+            0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x10,
+            '/', 's', 'o', 'm', 'e', '-', 'p', 'a', 't', 'h', '{', '?', 'd', 'n', 's', '}',
+    };
+
+    // key12345=1A2B0C
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_GENERIC_WITH_VALUE = new byte[] {
+            0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x03, 0x1a, 0x2b, 0x0c,
+    };
+
+    // key12346
+    private static final byte[] TEST_SVC_PARAM_GENERIC_WITHOUT_VALUE = new byte[] {
+            0x30, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x00,
+    };
+
+    private static byte[] makeDnsResponseHeaderAsByteArray(int qdcount, int ancount, int nscount,
+                int arcount) {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[12]);
+        buffer.putShort(TEST_TRANSACTION_ID); /* Transaction ID */
+        buffer.put(TEST_DNS_RESPONSE_HEADER_FLAG); /* Flags */
+        buffer.putShort((short) qdcount);
+        buffer.putShort((short) ancount);
+        buffer.putShort((short) nscount);
+        buffer.putShort((short) arcount);
+        return buffer.array();
+    }
+
+    private static DnsSvcbRecord makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(@NonNull byte[] data)
+                throws IOException {
+        return new DnsSvcbRecord(DnsPacket.ANSECTION, ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
+    }
+
+    private static DnsSvcbRecord makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(@NonNull byte[] svcParam)
+            throws IOException {
+        return makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .setTargetName("test.com")
+                .addRdata(svcParam)
+                .build());
+    }
+
+    // Converts a Short to a byte array in big endian.
+    private static byte[] shortToByteArray(short value) {
+        return new byte[] { (byte) (value >> 8), (byte) value };
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] getRemainingByteArray(@NonNull ByteBuffer buffer) {
+        final byte[] out = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
+        buffer.get(out);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    // A utility to make a DNS record as byte array.
+    private static class TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder {
+        private static final byte[] NAME_COMPRESSION_POINTER = new byte[] { (byte) 0xc0, 0x0c };
+
+        private final String mRRName = "dns.com";
+        private short mRRType = 0;
+        private final short mRRClass = CLASS_IN;
+        private final int mRRTtl = 10;
+        private int mRdataLen = 0;
+        private final ArrayList<byte[]> mRdata = new ArrayList<>();
+        private String mTargetName = null;
+        private short mSvcPriority = 1;
+        private boolean mNameCompression = false;
+
+        TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder setNameCompression(boolean value) {
+            mNameCompression = value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder setRRType(int value) {
+            mRRType = (short) value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder setTargetName(@NonNull String value) throws IOException {
+            mTargetName = value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder setSvcPriority(int value) {
+            mSvcPriority = (short) value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder addRdata(@NonNull byte[] value) {
+            mRdata.add(value);
+            mRdataLen += value.length;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        byte[] build() throws IOException {
+            final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            final byte[] name = mNameCompression ? NAME_COMPRESSION_POINTER
+                    : DnsPacketUtils.DnsRecordParser.domainNameToLabels(mRRName);
+            os.write(name);
+            os.write(shortToByteArray(mRRType));
+            os.write(shortToByteArray(mRRClass));
+            os.write(HexDump.toByteArray(mRRTtl));
+            if (mTargetName == null) {
+                os.write(shortToByteArray((short) mRdataLen));
+            } else {
+                final byte[] targetNameLabels =
+                        DnsPacketUtils.DnsRecordParser.domainNameToLabels(mTargetName);
+                mRdataLen += (Short.BYTES + targetNameLabels.length);
+                os.write(shortToByteArray((short) mRdataLen));
+                os.write(shortToByteArray(mSvcPriority));
+                os.write(targetNameLabels);
+            }
+            for (byte[] data : mRdata) {
+                os.write(data);
+            }
+            return os.toByteArray();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSliceAndAdvance() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9});
+        final ByteBuffer slice1 = DnsSvcbRecord.sliceAndAdvance(buffer, 3);
+        final ByteBuffer slice2 = DnsSvcbRecord.sliceAndAdvance(buffer, 4);
+        assertEquals(0, slice1.position());
+        assertEquals(3, slice1.capacity());
+        assertEquals(3, slice1.remaining());
+        assertTrue(slice1.isReadOnly());
+        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}, getRemainingByteArray(slice1));
+        assertEquals(0, slice2.position());
+        assertEquals(4, slice2.capacity());
+        assertEquals(4, slice2.remaining());
+        assertTrue(slice2.isReadOnly());
+        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] {4, 5, 6, 7}, getRemainingByteArray(slice2));
+
+        // Nothing is read if out-of-bound access happens.
+        assertThrows(BufferUnderflowException.class,
+                () -> DnsSvcbRecord.sliceAndAdvance(buffer, 5));
+        assertEquals(7, buffer.position());
+        assertEquals(9, buffer.capacity());
+        assertEquals(2, buffer.remaining());
+        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] {8, 9}, getRemainingByteArray(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamMandatory() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(TEST_SVC_PARAM_MANDATORY);
+        // Check the content returned from toString() for now because the getter function for
+        // this SvcParam hasn't been implemented.
+        // TODO(b/240259333): Consider adding DnsSvcbRecord.isMandatory(String alpn) when needed.
+        assertTrue(record.toString().contains("ipv4hint"));
+        assertTrue(record.toString().contains("alpn"));
+        assertTrue(record.toString().contains("key333"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamAlpn() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_HTTPS);
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("h2", "http/1.1"), record.getAlpns());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamNoDefaultAlpn() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(
+                TEST_SVC_PARAM_NO_DEFAULT_ALPN);
+        // Check the content returned from toString() for now because the getter function for
+        // this SvcParam hasn't been implemented.
+        // TODO(b/240259333): Consider adding DnsSvcbRecord.hasNoDefaultAlpn() when needed.
+        assertTrue(record.toString().contains("no-default-alpn"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamPort() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(TEST_SVC_PARAM_PORT);
+        assertEquals(5353, record.getPort());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamIpv4Hint() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV4HINT_2);
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("4.3.2.1")),
+                record.getAddresses());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamEch() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ECH);
+        // Check the content returned from toString() for now because the getter function for
+        // this SvcParam hasn't been implemented.
+        // TODO(b/240259333): Consider adding DnsSvcbRecord.getEch() when needed.
+        assertTrue(record.toString().contains("ech=6142634465"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamIpv6Hint() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV6HINT);
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                record.getAddresses());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamDohPath() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(TEST_SVC_PARAM_DOHPATH);
+        assertEquals("/some-path{?dns}", record.getDohPath());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamGeneric_withValue() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(
+                TEST_SVC_PARAM_GENERIC_WITH_VALUE);
+        // Check the content returned from toString() for now because the getter function for
+        // generic SvcParam hasn't been implemented.
+        // TODO(b/240259333): Consider adding DnsSvcbRecord.getValueFromGenericSvcParam(int key)
+        // when needed.
+        assertTrue(record.toString().contains("key12345=1A2B0C"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_svcParamGeneric_withoutValue() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordWithSingleSvcParam(
+                TEST_SVC_PARAM_GENERIC_WITHOUT_VALUE);
+        // Check the content returned from toString() for now because the getter function for
+        // generic SvcParam hasn't been implemented.
+        // TODO(b/240259333): Consider adding DnsSvcbRecord.getValueFromGenericSvcParam(int key)
+        // when needed.
+        assertTrue(record.toString().contains("key12346"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord() throws Exception {
+        final DnsSvcbRecord record = makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(
+                new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .setTargetName("doh.dns.com")
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_HTTPS)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV4HINT_1)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV6HINT)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_PORT)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_DOHPATH)
+                .build());
+        assertEquals("doh.dns.com", record.getTargetName());
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("h2", "http/1.1"), record.getAlpns());
+        assertEquals(5353, record.getPort());
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4"),
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("6.7.8.9"),
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")), record.getAddresses());
+        assertEquals("/some-path{?dns}", record.getDohPath());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_createdFromNullObject() throws Exception {
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_invalidDnsRecord() throws Exception {
+        // The type is not SVCB.
+        final byte[] bytes1 = new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setRRType(TYPE_A)
+                .addRdata(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4").getAddress())
+                .build();
+        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(bytes1));
+
+        // TargetName is missing.
+        final byte[] bytes2 = new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .addRdata(new byte[] { 0x01, 0x01 })
+                .build();
+        assertThrows(BufferUnderflowException.class, () -> makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(bytes2));
+
+        // Rdata is empty.
+        final byte[] bytes3 = new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .build();
+        assertThrows(BufferUnderflowException.class, () -> makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(bytes3));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_repeatedKeyIsInvalid() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] bytes = new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_HTTPS)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_DOQ)
+                .build();
+        assertThrows(DnsPacket.ParseException.class, () -> makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(bytes));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbRecord_invalidContent() throws Exception {
+        final List<byte[]> invalidContents = Arrays.asList(
+                // Invalid SvcParamValue for "mandatory":
+                // - SvcParamValue must not be empty.
+                // - SvcParamValue has less data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue has more data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue must be multiple of 2.
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x06 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00 },
+
+                // Invalid SvcParamValue for "alpn":
+                // - SvcParamValue must not be empty.
+                // - SvcParamValue has less data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue has more data than expected.
+                // - Alpn length is less than the actual data size.
+                // - Alpn length is more than the actual data size.
+                // - Alpn must be a non-empty string.
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00},
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 'h', '2' },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x05, 0x02, 'h', '2' },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x02, 'd', 'o', 't' },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 'd', 'o', 't' },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x08, 0x02, 'h', '2', 0x00 },
+
+                // Invalid SvcParamValue for "no-default-alpn":
+                // - SvcParamValue must be empty.
+                // - SvcParamValue length must be 0.
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 'd', 'a', 't', 'a' },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04 },
+
+                // Invalid SvcParamValue for "port":
+                // - SvcParamValue must not be empty.
+                // - SvcParamValue has less data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue has more data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue length must be multiple of 2.
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 },
+
+                // Invalid SvcParamValue for "ipv4hint":
+                // - SvcParamValue must not be empty.
+                // - SvcParamValue has less data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue has more data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue must be multiple of 4.
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x08 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x05, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08 },
+
+                // Invalid SvcParamValue for "ipv6hint":
+                // - SvcParamValue must not be empty.
+                // - SvcParamValue has less data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue has more data than expected.
+                // - SvcParamValue must be multiple of 16.
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x01 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+                        0x08, 0x09, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17 },
+                new byte[] { 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x05, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+                        0x08, 0x09, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16 }
+        );
+
+        for (byte[] content : invalidContents) {
+            final byte[] bytes = new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                        .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                        .addRdata(content)
+                        .build();
+            assertThrows(DnsPacket.ParseException.class,
+                        () -> makeDnsSvcbRecordFromByteArray(bytes));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbPacket_createdFromNullObject() throws Exception {
+        assertThrows(DnsPacket.ParseException.class, () -> DnsSvcbPacket.fromResponse(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbPacket() throws Exception {
+        final String dohTargetName = "https.dns.com";
+        final String doqTargetName = "doq.dns.com";
+        final InetAddress[] expectedIpAddressesForHttps = new InetAddress[] {
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4"),
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("6.7.8.9"),
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+        };
+        final InetAddress[] expectedIpAddressesForDoq = new InetAddress[] {
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("4.3.2.1"),
+        };
+
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        os.write(makeDnsResponseHeaderAsByteArray(1 /* qdcount */, 2 /* ancount */, 0 /* nscount */,
+                0 /* arcount */));
+        os.write(TEST_DNS_SVCB_QUESTION_SECTION);
+        // Add answer for alpn h2 and http/1.1.
+        os.write(new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setNameCompression(true)
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .setTargetName(dohTargetName)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_HTTPS)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV4HINT_1)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV6HINT)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_PORT)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_DOHPATH)
+                .build());
+        // Add answer for alpn doq.
+        os.write(new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setNameCompression(true)
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .setTargetName(doqTargetName)
+                .setSvcPriority(2)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_DOQ)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV4HINT_2)
+                .build());
+        final DnsSvcbPacket pkt = DnsSvcbPacket.fromResponse(os.toByteArray());
+
+        assertTrue(pkt.isSupported("http/1.1"));
+        assertTrue(pkt.isSupported("h2"));
+        assertTrue(pkt.isSupported("doq"));
+        assertFalse(pkt.isSupported("http"));
+        assertFalse(pkt.isSupported("h3"));
+        assertFalse(pkt.isSupported(""));
+
+        assertEquals(dohTargetName, pkt.getTargetName("http/1.1"));
+        assertEquals(dohTargetName, pkt.getTargetName("h2"));
+        assertEquals(doqTargetName, pkt.getTargetName("doq"));
+        assertEquals(null, pkt.getTargetName("http"));
+        assertEquals(null, pkt.getTargetName("h3"));
+        assertEquals(null, pkt.getTargetName(""));
+
+        assertEquals(5353, pkt.getPort("http/1.1"));
+        assertEquals(5353, pkt.getPort("h2"));
+        assertEquals(-1, pkt.getPort("doq"));
+        assertEquals(-1, pkt.getPort("http"));
+        assertEquals(-1, pkt.getPort("h3"));
+        assertEquals(-1, pkt.getPort(""));
+
+        assertArrayEquals(expectedIpAddressesForHttps, pkt.getAddresses("http/1.1").toArray());
+        assertArrayEquals(expectedIpAddressesForHttps, pkt.getAddresses("h2").toArray());
+        assertArrayEquals(expectedIpAddressesForDoq, pkt.getAddresses("doq").toArray());
+        assertTrue(pkt.getAddresses("http").isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(pkt.getAddresses("h3").isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(pkt.getAddresses("").isEmpty());
+
+        assertEquals("/some-path{?dns}", pkt.getDohPath("http/1.1"));
+        assertEquals("/some-path{?dns}", pkt.getDohPath("h2"));
+        assertEquals("", pkt.getDohPath("doq"));
+        assertEquals(null, pkt.getDohPath("http"));
+        assertEquals(null, pkt.getDohPath("h3"));
+        assertEquals(null, pkt.getDohPath(""));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbPacket_noIpHint() throws Exception {
+        final String targetName = "doq.dns.com";
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        os.write(makeDnsResponseHeaderAsByteArray(1 /* qdcount */, 1 /* ancount */, 0 /* nscount */,
+                0 /* arcount */));
+        os.write(TEST_DNS_SVCB_QUESTION_SECTION);
+        // Add answer for alpn doq.
+        os.write(new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setNameCompression(true)
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .setTargetName(targetName)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_DOQ)
+                .build());
+        final DnsSvcbPacket pkt = DnsSvcbPacket.fromResponse(os.toByteArray());
+
+        assertTrue(pkt.isSupported("doq"));
+        assertEquals(targetName, pkt.getTargetName("doq"));
+        assertEquals(-1, pkt.getPort("doq"));
+        assertArrayEquals(new InetAddress[] {}, pkt.getAddresses("doq").toArray());
+        assertEquals("", pkt.getDohPath("doq"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsSvcbPacket_hasAnswerInAdditionalSection() throws Exception {
+        final InetAddress[] expectedIpAddresses = new InetAddress[] {
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4"),
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"),
+        };
+
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        os.write(makeDnsResponseHeaderAsByteArray(1 /* qdcount */, 1 /* ancount */, 0 /* nscount */,
+                2 /* arcount */));
+        os.write(TEST_DNS_SVCB_QUESTION_SECTION);
+        // Add SVCB record in the Answer section.
+        os.write(new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setNameCompression(true)
+                .setRRType(TYPE_SVCB)
+                .setTargetName("doq.dns.com")
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_ALPN_DOQ)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV4HINT_2)
+                .addRdata(TEST_SVC_PARAM_IPV6HINT)
+                .build());
+        // Add A/AAAA records in the Additional section.
+        os.write(new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setNameCompression(true)
+                .setRRType(TYPE_A)
+                .addRdata(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4").getAddress())
+                .build());
+        os.write(new TestDnsRecordByteArrayBuilder()
+                .setNameCompression(true)
+                .setRRType(TYPE_AAAA)
+                .addRdata(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2").getAddress())
+                .build());
+        final DnsSvcbPacket pkt = DnsSvcbPacket.fromResponse(os.toByteArray());
+
+        // If there are A/AAAA records in the Additional section, getAddresses() returns the IP
+        // addresses in those records instead of the IP addresses in ipv4hint/ipv6hint.
+        assertArrayEquals(expectedIpAddresses, pkt.getAddresses("doq").toArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/HandlerUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/unit/java/com/android/server/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
rename to staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
index 62bb651..f2c902f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.server
+package com.android.net.module.util
 
 import android.os.HandlerThread
-import com.android.server.connectivity.HandlerUtils
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import org.junit.After
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 
 const val THREAD_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000L
 const val TEST_REPEAT_COUNT = 100
+
+@MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 class HandlerUtilsTest {
     val handlerThread = HandlerThread("HandlerUtilsTestHandlerThread").also {
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
         // Repeat the test a fair amount of times to ensure that it does not pass by chance.
         repeat(TEST_REPEAT_COUNT) {
             var result = false
-            HandlerUtils.runWithScissors(handler, {
+            HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(handler, {
                 assertEquals(Thread.currentThread(), handlerThread)
                 result = true
             }, THREAD_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_MS)
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt
index 028308b..8586e82 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt
@@ -16,22 +16,21 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util
 
-import android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET
-import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
 import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
 import android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
-import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
-import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceAnyPermissionOf
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr
+import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforcePackageNameMatchesUid
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceSystemFeature
+import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
@@ -45,7 +44,10 @@
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 
 /** Tests for PermissionUtils */
@@ -56,6 +58,9 @@
     val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
     private val TEST_PERMISSION1 = "android.permission.TEST_PERMISSION1"
     private val TEST_PERMISSION2 = "android.permission.TEST_PERMISSION2"
+    private val TEST_UID1 = 1234
+    private val TEST_UID2 = 1235
+    private val TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "test.package"
     private val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
     private val mockPackageManager = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
 
@@ -64,6 +69,7 @@
     @Before
     fun setup() {
         doReturn(mockPackageManager).`when`(mockContext).packageManager
+        doReturn(mockContext).`when`(mockContext).createContextAsUser(any(), anyInt())
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -72,18 +78,18 @@
             .checkCallingOrSelfPermission(TEST_PERMISSION1)
         doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).`when`(mockContext)
             .checkCallingOrSelfPermission(TEST_PERMISSION2)
-        assertTrue(checkAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2))
+        assertTrue(hasAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2))
         enforceAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2)
 
         doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).`when`(mockContext)
             .checkCallingOrSelfPermission(TEST_PERMISSION1)
         doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).`when`(mockContext)
             .checkCallingOrSelfPermission(TEST_PERMISSION2)
-        assertTrue(checkAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2))
+        assertTrue(hasAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2))
         enforceAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2)
 
         doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).`when`(mockContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(any())
-        assertFalse(checkAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2))
+        assertFalse(hasAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2))
         assertFailsWith<SecurityException>("Expect fail but permission granted.") {
             enforceAnyPermissionOf(mockContext, TEST_PERMISSION1, TEST_PERMISSION2)
         }
@@ -146,25 +152,22 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    fun testIsSystemSignaturePermission() {
-        assertTrue(
-            PermissionUtils.isSystemSignaturePermission(
-                context,
-                NETWORK_SETTINGS
-            )
-        )
-        assertFalse(
-            PermissionUtils
-                .isSystemSignaturePermission(context, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
-        )
-        assertFalse(
-            PermissionUtils
-                .isSystemSignaturePermission(context, "test_permission")
-        )
-        assertFalse(
-            PermissionUtils
-                .isSystemSignaturePermission(context, INTERNET)
-        )
+    fun testEnforcePackageNameMatchesUid() {
+        // Verify name not found throws.
+        doThrow(NameNotFoundException()).`when`(mockPackageManager)
+            .getPackageUid(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME), anyInt())
+        assertFailsWith<SecurityException> {
+            enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(mockContext, TEST_UID1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME)
+        }
+
+        // Verify uid mismatch throws.
+        doReturn(TEST_UID1).`when`(mockPackageManager)
+            .getPackageUid(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME), anyInt())
+        assertFailsWith<SecurityException> {
+            enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(mockContext, TEST_UID2, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME)
+        }
+
+        // Verify uid match passes.
+        enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(mockContext, TEST_UID1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME)
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagSocketTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagSocketTest.java
index 65e99f8..b44e428 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagSocketTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagSocketTest.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
@@ -345,28 +346,28 @@
     // Hexadecimal representation of InetDiagMessage
     private static final String INET_DIAG_MSG_HEX1 =
             // struct nlmsghdr
-            "58000000" +     // length = 88
-            "1400" +         // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
-            "0200" +         // flags = NLM_F_MULTI
-            "00000000" +     // seqno
-            "f5220000" +     // pid
+            "58000000"     // length = 88
+            + "1400"         // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
+            + "0200"         // flags = NLM_F_MULTI
+            + "00000000"     // seqno
+            + "f5220000"     // pid
             // struct inet_diag_msg
-            "0a" +           // family = AF_INET6
-            "01" +           // idiag_state = 1
-            "02" +           // idiag_timer = 2
-            "ff" +           // idiag_retrans = 255
+            + "0a"           // family = AF_INET6
+            + "01"           // idiag_state = 1
+            + "02"           // idiag_timer = 2
+            + "ff"           // idiag_retrans = 255
                 // inet_diag_sockid
-                "a817" +     // idiag_sport = 43031
-                "960f" +     // idiag_dport = 38415
-                "20010db8000000000000000000000001" + // idiag_src = 2001:db8::1
-                "20010db8000000000000000000000002" + // idiag_dst = 2001:db8::2
-                "07000000" + // idiag_if = 7
-                "5800000000000000" + // idiag_cookie = 88
-            "04000000" +     // idiag_expires = 4
-            "05000000" +     // idiag_rqueue = 5
-            "06000000" +     // idiag_wqueue = 6
-            "a3270000" +     // idiag_uid = 10147
-            "a57e19f0";      // idiag_inode = 4028202661
+                + "a817"     // idiag_sport = 43031
+                + "960f"     // idiag_dport = 38415
+                + "20010db8000000000000000000000001" // idiag_src = 2001:db8::1
+                + "20010db8000000000000000000000002" // idiag_dst = 2001:db8::2
+                + "07000000" // idiag_if = 7
+                + "5800000000000000" // idiag_cookie = 88
+            + "04000000"     // idiag_expires = 4
+            + "05000000"     // idiag_rqueue = 5
+            + "06000000"     // idiag_wqueue = 6
+            + "a3270000"     // idiag_uid = 10147
+            + "a57e19f0";    // idiag_inode = 4028202661
 
     private void assertInetDiagMsg1(final NetlinkMessage msg) {
         assertNotNull(msg);
@@ -394,33 +395,45 @@
         assertEquals(6, inetDiagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_wqueue);
         assertEquals(10147, inetDiagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_uid);
         assertEquals(4028202661L, inetDiagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_inode);
+
+        // Verify the length of attribute list is 0 as expected since message doesn't
+        // take any attributes
+        assertEquals(0, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.size());
     }
 
     // Hexadecimal representation of InetDiagMessage
     private static final String INET_DIAG_MSG_HEX2 =
             // struct nlmsghdr
-            "58000000" +     // length = 88
-            "1400" +         // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
-            "0200" +         // flags = NLM_F_MULTI
-            "00000000" +     // seqno
-            "f5220000" +     // pid
+            "6C000000"       // length = 108
+            + "1400"         // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
+            + "0200"         // flags = NLM_F_MULTI
+            + "00000000"     // seqno
+            + "f5220000"     // pid
             // struct inet_diag_msg
-            "0a" +           // family = AF_INET6
-            "02" +           // idiag_state = 2
-            "10" +           // idiag_timer = 16
-            "20" +           // idiag_retrans = 32
+            + "0a"           // family = AF_INET6
+            + "02"           // idiag_state = 2
+            + "10"           // idiag_timer = 16
+            + "20"           // idiag_retrans = 32
                 // inet_diag_sockid
-                "a845" +     // idiag_sport = 43077
-                "01bb" +     // idiag_dport = 443
-                "20010db8000000000000000000000003" + // idiag_src = 2001:db8::3
-                "20010db8000000000000000000000004" + // idiag_dst = 2001:db8::4
-                "08000000" + // idiag_if = 8
-                "6300000000000000" + // idiag_cookie = 99
-            "30000000" +     // idiag_expires = 48
-            "40000000" +     // idiag_rqueue = 64
-            "50000000" +     // idiag_wqueue = 80
-            "39300000" +     // idiag_uid = 12345
-            "851a0000";      // idiag_inode = 6789
+                + "a845"     // idiag_sport = 43077
+                + "01bb"     // idiag_dport = 443
+                + "20010db8000000000000000000000003" // idiag_src = 2001:db8::3
+                + "20010db8000000000000000000000004" // idiag_dst = 2001:db8::4
+                + "08000000" // idiag_if = 8
+                + "6300000000000000" // idiag_cookie = 99
+            + "30000000"     // idiag_expires = 48
+            + "40000000"     // idiag_rqueue = 64
+            + "50000000"     // idiag_wqueue = 80
+            + "39300000"     // idiag_uid = 12345
+            + "851a0000"     // idiag_inode = 6789
+            + "0500"           // len = 5
+            + "0800"         // type = 8
+            + "00000000"     // data
+            + "0800"         // len = 8
+            + "0F00"         // type = 15(INET_DIAG_MARK)
+            + "850A0C00"     // data, socket mark=789125
+            + "0400"         // len = 4
+            + "0200";        // type = 2
 
     private void assertInetDiagMsg2(final NetlinkMessage msg) {
         assertNotNull(msg);
@@ -448,6 +461,104 @@
         assertEquals(80, inetDiagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_wqueue);
         assertEquals(12345, inetDiagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_uid);
         assertEquals(6789, inetDiagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_inode);
+
+        // Verify the number of nlAttr and their content.
+        assertEquals(3, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.size());
+
+        assertEquals(5, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(0).nla_len);
+        assertEquals(8, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(0).nla_type);
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                HexEncoding.decode("00".toCharArray(), false),
+                inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(0).nla_value);
+        assertEquals(8, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(1).nla_len);
+        assertEquals(15, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(1).nla_type);
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                HexEncoding.decode("850A0C00".toCharArray(), false),
+                inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(1).nla_value);
+        assertEquals(4, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(2).nla_len);
+        assertEquals(2, inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(2).nla_type);
+        assertNull(inetDiagMsg.nlAttrs.get(2).nla_value);
+    }
+
+    // Hexadecimal representation of InetDiagMessage
+    private static final String INET_DIAG_MSG_HEX_MALFORMED =
+            // struct nlmsghdr
+            "6E000000"       // length = 110
+            + "1400"         // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
+            + "0200"         // flags = NLM_F_MULTI
+            + "00000000"     // seqno
+            + "f5220000"     // pid
+            // struct inet_diag_msg
+            + "0a"           // family = AF_INET6
+            + "02"           // idiag_state = 2
+            + "10"           // idiag_timer = 16
+            + "20"           // idiag_retrans = 32
+            // inet_diag_sockid
+            + "a845"     // idiag_sport = 43077
+            + "01bb"     // idiag_dport = 443
+            + "20010db8000000000000000000000005" // idiag_src = 2001:db8::5
+            + "20010db8000000000000000000000006" // idiag_dst = 2001:db8::6
+            + "08000000" // idiag_if = 8
+            + "6300000000000000" // idiag_cookie = 99
+            + "30000000"     // idiag_expires = 48
+            + "40000000"     // idiag_rqueue = 64
+            + "50000000"     // idiag_wqueue = 80
+            + "39300000"     // idiag_uid = 12345
+            + "851a0000"     // idiag_inode = 6789
+            + "0500"           // len = 5
+            + "0800"         // type = 8
+            + "00000000"     // data
+            + "0800"         // len = 8
+            + "0F00"         // type = 15(INET_DIAG_MARK)
+            + "850A0C00"     // data, socket mark=789125
+            + "0400"         // len = 4
+            + "0200"         // type = 2
+            + "0100"         // len = 1, malformed value
+            + "0100";        // type = 1
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseInetDiagResponseMalformedNlAttr() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(
+                HexEncoding.decode((INET_DIAG_MSG_HEX_MALFORMED).toCharArray(), false));
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        assertNull(NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_INET_DIAG));
+    }
+
+    // Hexadecimal representation of InetDiagMessage
+    private static final String INET_DIAG_MSG_HEX_TRUNCATED =
+            // struct nlmsghdr
+            "5E000000"       // length = 96
+            + "1400"         // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
+            + "0200"         // flags = NLM_F_MULTI
+            + "00000000"     // seqno
+            + "f5220000"     // pid
+            // struct inet_diag_msg
+            + "0a"           // family = AF_INET6
+            + "02"           // idiag_state = 2
+            + "10"           // idiag_timer = 16
+            + "20"           // idiag_retrans = 32
+            // inet_diag_sockid
+            + "a845"     // idiag_sport = 43077
+            + "01bb"     // idiag_dport = 443
+            + "20010db8000000000000000000000005" // idiag_src = 2001:db8::5
+            + "20010db8000000000000000000000006" // idiag_dst = 2001:db8::6
+            + "08000000" // idiag_if = 8
+            + "6300000000000000" // idiag_cookie = 99
+            + "30000000"     // idiag_expires = 48
+            + "40000000"     // idiag_rqueue = 64
+            + "50000000"     // idiag_wqueue = 80
+            + "39300000"     // idiag_uid = 12345
+            + "851a0000"     // idiag_inode = 6789
+            + "0800"         // len = 8
+            + "0100"         // type = 1
+            + "000000";      // data, less than the expected length
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseInetDiagResponseTruncatedNlAttr() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(
+                HexEncoding.decode((INET_DIAG_MSG_HEX_TRUNCATED).toCharArray(), false));
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        assertNull(NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_INET_DIAG));
     }
 
     private static final byte[] INET_DIAG_MSG_BYTES =
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java
index 4fc5ec2..d1df3a6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java
@@ -252,8 +252,10 @@
     public void testToString() {
         NduseroptMessage msg = parseNduseroptMessage(toBuffer(MSG_PREF64));
         assertNotNull(msg);
-        assertEquals("Nduseroptmsg(10, 16, 1431655765, 134, 0, fe80:2:3:4:5:6:7:8%1431655765)",
-                msg.toString());
+        final String expected = "Nduseroptmsg(family:10, opts_len:16, ifindex:1431655765, "
+                + "icmp_type:134, icmp_code:0, srcaddr: fe80:2:3:4:5:6:7:8%1431655765, "
+                + "NdOptPref64(2001:db8:3:4:5:6::/96, 10064))";
+        assertEquals(expected, msg.toString());
     }
 
     // Convenience method to parse a NduseroptMessage that's not part of a netlink message.
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java
index 143e4d4..e42c552 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWADDR;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWLINK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWPREFIX;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNEIGH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWROUTE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWRULE;
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@
         assertEquals("RTM_NEWRULE", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_NEWRULE, NETLINK_ROUTE));
         assertEquals("RTM_DELRULE", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_DELRULE, NETLINK_ROUTE));
         assertEquals("RTM_GETRULE", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_GETRULE, NETLINK_ROUTE));
+        assertEquals("RTM_NEWPREFIX", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_NEWPREFIX, NETLINK_ROUTE));
         assertEquals("RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT, NETLINK_ROUTE));
 
         assertEquals("SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY",
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtilsTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtilsTest.java
index 5a231fc..f64adb8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtilsTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtilsTest.java
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNSPEC;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.EACCES;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE;
-
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_RCVBUF;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
@@ -33,6 +35,8 @@
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.NetlinkSocketAddress;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
@@ -55,6 +60,9 @@
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -65,19 +73,14 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testGetNeighborsQuery() throws Exception {
-        final FileDescriptor fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_ROUTE);
-        assertNotNull(fd);
-
-        NetlinkUtils.connectToKernel(fd);
-
-        final NetlinkSocketAddress localAddr = (NetlinkSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(fd);
-        assertNotNull(localAddr);
-        assertEquals(0, localAddr.getGroupsMask());
-        assertTrue(0 != localAddr.getPortId());
-
         final byte[] req = RtNetlinkNeighborMessage.newGetNeighborsRequest(TEST_SEQNO);
         assertNotNull(req);
 
+        List<RtNetlinkNeighborMessage> msgs = new ArrayList<>();
+        Consumer<RtNetlinkNeighborMessage> handleNlDumpMsg = (msg) -> {
+            msgs.add(msg);
+        };
+
         final Context ctx = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
         final int targetSdk =
                 ctx.getPackageManager()
@@ -94,7 +97,8 @@
             assumeFalse("network_stack context is expected to have permission to send RTM_GETNEIGH",
                     ctxt.startsWith("u:r:network_stack:s0"));
             try {
-                NetlinkUtils.sendMessage(fd, req, 0, req.length, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+                NetlinkUtils.<RtNetlinkNeighborMessage>getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessages(req,
+                        NETLINK_ROUTE, RtNetlinkNeighborMessage.class, handleNlDumpMsg);
                 fail("RTM_GETNEIGH is not allowed for apps targeting SDK > 31 on T+ platforms,"
                         + " target SDK version: " + targetSdk);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
@@ -105,106 +109,70 @@
         }
 
         // Check that apps targeting lower API levels / running on older platforms succeed
-        assertEquals(req.length,
-                NetlinkUtils.sendMessage(fd, req, 0, req.length, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS));
+        NetlinkUtils.<RtNetlinkNeighborMessage>getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessages(req,
+                NETLINK_ROUTE, RtNetlinkNeighborMessage.class, handleNlDumpMsg);
 
-        int neighMessageCount = 0;
-        int doneMessageCount = 0;
-
-        while (doneMessageCount == 0) {
-            ByteBuffer response =
-                    NetlinkUtils.recvMessage(fd, DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
-            assertNotNull(response);
-            assertTrue(StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE <= response.limit());
-            assertEquals(0, response.position());
-            assertEquals(ByteOrder.nativeOrder(), response.order());
-
-            // Verify the messages at least appears minimally reasonable.
-            while (response.remaining() > 0) {
-                final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(response, NETLINK_ROUTE);
-                assertNotNull(msg);
-                final StructNlMsgHdr hdr = msg.getHeader();
-                assertNotNull(hdr);
-
-                if (hdr.nlmsg_type == NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_DONE) {
-                    doneMessageCount++;
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                assertEquals(NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNEIGH, hdr.nlmsg_type);
-                assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkNeighborMessage);
-                assertTrue((hdr.nlmsg_flags & StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_MULTI) != 0);
-                assertEquals(TEST_SEQNO, hdr.nlmsg_seq);
-                assertEquals(localAddr.getPortId(), hdr.nlmsg_pid);
-
-                neighMessageCount++;
-            }
+        for (var msg : msgs) {
+            assertNotNull(msg);
+            final StructNlMsgHdr hdr = msg.getHeader();
+            assertNotNull(hdr);
+            assertEquals(NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNEIGH, hdr.nlmsg_type);
+            assertTrue((hdr.nlmsg_flags & StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_MULTI) != 0);
+            assertEquals(TEST_SEQNO, hdr.nlmsg_seq);
         }
 
-        assertEquals(1, doneMessageCount);
         // TODO: make sure this test passes sanely in airplane mode.
-        assertTrue(neighMessageCount > 0);
-
-        IoUtils.closeQuietly(fd);
+        assertTrue(msgs.size() > 0);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBasicWorkingGetAddrQuery() throws Exception {
-        final FileDescriptor fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_ROUTE);
-        assertNotNull(fd);
-
-        NetlinkUtils.connectToKernel(fd);
-
-        final NetlinkSocketAddress localAddr = (NetlinkSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(fd);
-        assertNotNull(localAddr);
-        assertEquals(0, localAddr.getGroupsMask());
-        assertTrue(0 != localAddr.getPortId());
-
         final int testSeqno = 8;
         final byte[] req = newGetAddrRequest(testSeqno);
         assertNotNull(req);
 
-        final long timeout = 500;
-        assertEquals(req.length, NetlinkUtils.sendMessage(fd, req, 0, req.length, timeout));
+        List<RtNetlinkAddressMessage> msgs = new ArrayList<>();
+        Consumer<RtNetlinkAddressMessage> handleNlDumpMsg = (msg) -> {
+            msgs.add(msg);
+        };
+        NetlinkUtils.<RtNetlinkAddressMessage>getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessages(req, NETLINK_ROUTE,
+                RtNetlinkAddressMessage.class, handleNlDumpMsg);
 
-        int addrMessageCount = 0;
+        boolean ipv4LoopbackAddressFound = false;
+        boolean ipv6LoopbackAddressFound = false;
+        final InetAddress loopbackIpv4 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
+        final InetAddress loopbackIpv6 = InetAddress.getByName("::1");
 
-        while (true) {
-            ByteBuffer response = NetlinkUtils.recvMessage(fd, DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE, timeout);
-            assertNotNull(response);
-            assertTrue(StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE <= response.limit());
-            assertEquals(0, response.position());
-            assertEquals(ByteOrder.nativeOrder(), response.order());
-
-            final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(response, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        for (var msg : msgs) {
             assertNotNull(msg);
             final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr = msg.getHeader();
             assertNotNull(nlmsghdr);
-
-            if (nlmsghdr.nlmsg_type == NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_DONE) {
-                break;
-            }
-
             assertEquals(NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWADDR, nlmsghdr.nlmsg_type);
             assertTrue((nlmsghdr.nlmsg_flags & StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_MULTI) != 0);
             assertEquals(testSeqno, nlmsghdr.nlmsg_seq);
-            assertEquals(localAddr.getPortId(), nlmsghdr.nlmsg_pid);
             assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkAddressMessage);
-            addrMessageCount++;
-
-            // From the query response we can see the RTM_NEWADDR messages representing for IPv4
-            // and IPv6 loopback address: 127.0.0.1 and ::1.
+            // When parsing the full response we can see the RTM_NEWADDR messages representing for
+            // IPv4 and IPv6 loopback address: 127.0.0.1 and ::1 and non-loopback addresses.
             final StructIfaddrMsg ifaMsg = ((RtNetlinkAddressMessage) msg).getIfaddrHeader();
             final InetAddress ipAddress = ((RtNetlinkAddressMessage) msg).getIpAddress();
             assertTrue(
                     "Non-IP address family: " + ifaMsg.family,
                     ifaMsg.family == AF_INET || ifaMsg.family == AF_INET6);
-            assertTrue(ipAddress.isLoopbackAddress());
+            assertNotNull(ipAddress);
+
+            if (ipAddress.equals(loopbackIpv4)) {
+                ipv4LoopbackAddressFound = true;
+                assertTrue(ipAddress.isLoopbackAddress());
+            }
+            if (ipAddress.equals(loopbackIpv6)) {
+                ipv6LoopbackAddressFound = true;
+                assertTrue(ipAddress.isLoopbackAddress());
+            }
         }
 
-        assertTrue(addrMessageCount > 0);
-
-        IoUtils.closeQuietly(fd);
+        assertTrue(msgs.size() > 0);
+        // Check ipv4 and ipv6 loopback addresses are in the output
+        assertTrue(ipv4LoopbackAddressFound && ipv6LoopbackAddressFound);
     }
 
     /** A convenience method to create an RTM_GETADDR request message. */
@@ -228,4 +196,36 @@
 
         return bytes;
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIpv6MulticastRoutes_doesNotThrow() {
+        var multicastRoutes = NetlinkUtils.getIpv6MulticastRoutes();
+
+        for (var route : multicastRoutes) {
+            assertNotNull(route);
+            assertEquals("Route is not IP6MR: " + route,
+                    RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR, route.getRtmFamily());
+            assertNotNull("Route doesn't contain source: " + route, route.getSource());
+            assertNotNull("Route doesn't contain destination: " + route, route.getDestination());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // getsockoptInt requires > R
+    public void testNetlinkSocketForProto_defaultBufferSize() throws Exception {
+        final FileDescriptor fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        final int bufferSize = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF) / 2;
+
+        assertTrue("bufferSize: " + bufferSize, bufferSize > 0); // whatever the default value is
+        SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // getsockoptInt requires > R
+    public void testNetlinkSocketForProto_setBufferSize() throws Exception {
+        final FileDescriptor fd = NetlinkUtils.netlinkSocketForProto(NETLINK_ROUTE,
+                8000);
+        final int bufferSize = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF) / 2;
+
+        assertEquals(8000, bufferSize);
+        SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessageTest.java
index 01126d2..1d08525 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessageTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkAddressMessageTest.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
@@ -179,6 +180,57 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testCreateRtmNewAddressMessage_IPv4Address() {
+        // Hexadecimal representation of our created packet.
+        final String expectedNewAddressHex =
+                // struct nlmsghdr
+                "4c000000"      // length = 76
+                + "1400"        // type = 20 (RTM_NEWADDR)
+                + "0501"        // flags = NLM_F_ACK | NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_REPLACE
+                + "01000000"    // seqno = 1
+                + "00000000"    // pid = 0 (send to kernel)
+                // struct IfaddrMsg
+                + "02"          // family = inet
+                + "18"          // prefix len = 24
+                + "00"          // flags = 0
+                + "00"          // scope = RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE
+                + "14000000"    // ifindex = 20
+                // struct nlattr: IFA_ADDRESS
+                + "0800"        // len
+                + "0100"        // type
+                + "C0A80491"    // IPv4 address = 192.168.4.145
+                // struct nlattr: IFA_CACHEINFO
+                + "1400"        // len
+                + "0600"        // type
+                + "C0A80000"    // preferred = 43200s
+                + "C0A80000"    // valid = 43200s
+                + "00000000"    // cstamp
+                + "00000000"    // tstamp
+                // struct nlattr: IFA_FLAGS
+                + "0800"        // len
+                + "0800"        // type
+                + "00000000"    // flags = 0
+                // struct nlattr: IFA_LOCAL
+                + "0800"        // len
+                + "0200"        // type
+                + "C0A80491"    // local address = 192.168.4.145
+                // struct nlattr: IFA_BROADCAST
+                + "0800"        // len
+                + "0400"        // type
+                + "C0A804FF";   // broadcast address = 192.168.4.255
+        final byte[] expectedNewAddress =
+                HexEncoding.decode(expectedNewAddressHex.toCharArray(), false);
+
+        final Inet4Address ipAddress =
+                (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.168.4.145");
+        final byte[] bytes = RtNetlinkAddressMessage.newRtmNewAddressMessage(1 /* seqno */,
+                ipAddress, (short) 24 /* prefix len */, 0 /* flags */,
+                (byte) RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE /* scope */, 20 /* ifindex */,
+                (long) 0xA8C0 /* preferred */, (long) 0xA8C0 /* valid */);
+        assertArrayEquals(expectedNewAddress, bytes);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testCreateRtmDelAddressMessage() {
         // Hexadecimal representation of our created packet.
         final String expectedDelAddressHex =
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessageTest.java
index 9881653..50b8278 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessageTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkRouteMessageTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -127,6 +130,72 @@
         assertEquals(RTM_NEWROUTE_PACK_HEX, HexDump.toHexString(packBuffer.array()));
     }
 
+    private static final String RTM_GETROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_HEX =
+            "1C0000001A0001030000000000000000"             // struct nlmsghr
+            + "810000000000000000000000";                  // struct rtmsg
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_HEX =
+            "88000000180002000000000000000000"             // struct nlmsghr
+            + "81808000FE11000500000000"                   // struct rtmsg
+            + "08000F00FE000000"                           // RTA_TABLE
+            + "14000200FDACC0F1DBDB000195B7C1A464F944EA"   // RTA_SRC
+            + "14000100FF040000000000000000000000001234"   // RTA_DST
+            + "0800030014000000"                           // RTA_IIF
+            + "0C0009000800000111000000"                   // RTA_MULTIPATH
+            + "1C00110001000000000000009400000000000000"   // RTA_STATS
+            + "0000000000000000"
+            + "0C0017007617000000000000";                  // RTA_EXPIRES
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewRoute_MulticastIpv6() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkRouteMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = (RtNetlinkRouteMessage) msg;
+        final StructNlMsgHdr hdr = routeMsg.getHeader();
+        assertNotNull(hdr);
+        assertEquals(136, hdr.nlmsg_len);
+        assertEquals(NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWROUTE, hdr.nlmsg_type);
+
+        final StructRtMsg rtmsg = routeMsg.getRtMsgHeader();
+        assertNotNull(rtmsg);
+        assertEquals((byte) 129, (byte) rtmsg.family);
+        assertEquals(128, rtmsg.dstLen);
+        assertEquals(128, rtmsg.srcLen);
+        assertEquals(0xFE, rtmsg.table);
+
+        assertEquals(routeMsg.getSource(),
+                new IpPrefix("fdac:c0f1:dbdb:1:95b7:c1a4:64f9:44ea/128"));
+        assertEquals(routeMsg.getDestination(), new IpPrefix("ff04::1234/128"));
+        assertEquals(20, routeMsg.getIifIndex());
+        assertEquals(60060, routeMsg.getSinceLastUseMillis());
+    }
+
+    // NEWROUTE message for multicast IPv6 with the packed attributes
+    private static final String RTM_NEWROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_PACK_HEX =
+            "58000000180002000000000000000000"             // struct nlmsghr
+            + "81808000FE11000500000000"                   // struct rtmsg
+            + "14000200FDACC0F1DBDB000195B7C1A464F944EA"   // RTA_SRC
+            + "14000100FF040000000000000000000000001234"   // RTA_DST
+            + "0800030014000000"                           // RTA_IIF
+            + "0C0017007617000000000000";                  // RTA_EXPIRES
+    @Test
+    public void testPackRtmNewRoute_MulticastIpv6() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_PACK_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = (RtNetlinkRouteMessage) msg;
+
+        final ByteBuffer packBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(88);
+        packBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+        routeMsg.pack(packBuffer);
+        assertEquals(RTM_NEWROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_PACK_HEX,
+                HexDump.toHexString(packBuffer.array()));
+    }
+
     private static final String RTM_NEWROUTE_TRUNCATED_HEX =
             "48000000180000060000000000000000"             // struct nlmsghr
             + "0A400000FC02000100000000"                   // struct rtmsg
@@ -220,10 +289,79 @@
                 + "scope: 0, type: 1, flags: 0}, "
                 + "destination{2001:db8:1::}, "
                 + "gateway{fe80::1}, "
-                + "ifindex{735}, "
+                + "oifindex{735}, "
                 + "rta_cacheinfo{clntref: 0, lastuse: 0, expires: 59998, error: 0, used: 0, "
                 + "id: 0, ts: 0, tsage: 0} "
                 + "}";
         assertEquals(expected, routeMsg.toString());
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString_RtmGetRoute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_GETROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkRouteMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = (RtNetlinkRouteMessage) msg;
+        final String expected = "RtNetlinkRouteMessage{ "
+                + "nlmsghdr{"
+                + "StructNlMsgHdr{ nlmsg_len{28}, nlmsg_type{26(RTM_GETROUTE)}, "
+                + "nlmsg_flags{769(NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_DUMP)}, nlmsg_seq{0}, nlmsg_pid{0} }}, "
+                + "Rtmsg{"
+                + "family: 129, dstLen: 0, srcLen: 0, tos: 0, table: 0, protocol: 0, "
+                + "scope: 0, type: 0, flags: 0}, "
+                + "destination{::}, "
+                + "gateway{}, "
+                + "oifindex{0}, "
+                + "rta_cacheinfo{} "
+                + "}";
+        assertEquals(expected, routeMsg.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString_RtmNewRouteMulticastIpv6() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkRouteMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = (RtNetlinkRouteMessage) msg;
+        final String expected = "RtNetlinkRouteMessage{ "
+                + "nlmsghdr{"
+                + "StructNlMsgHdr{ nlmsg_len{136}, nlmsg_type{24(RTM_NEWROUTE)}, "
+                + "nlmsg_flags{2(NLM_F_MULTI)}, nlmsg_seq{0}, nlmsg_pid{0} }}, "
+                + "Rtmsg{"
+                + "family: 129, dstLen: 128, srcLen: 128, tos: 0, table: 254, protocol: 17, "
+                + "scope: 0, type: 5, flags: 0}, "
+                + "source{fdac:c0f1:dbdb:1:95b7:c1a4:64f9:44ea}, "
+                + "destination{ff04::1234}, "
+                + "gateway{}, "
+                + "iifindex{20}, "
+                + "oifindex{0}, "
+                + "rta_cacheinfo{} "
+                + "sinceLastUseMillis{60060}"
+                + "}";
+        assertEquals(expected, routeMsg.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRtmFamily_RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWROUTE_MULTICAST_IPV6_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = (RtNetlinkRouteMessage) msg;
+
+        assertEquals(RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR, routeMsg.getRtmFamily());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRtmFamily_AF_INET6() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWROUTE_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        final RtNetlinkRouteMessage routeMsg = (RtNetlinkRouteMessage) msg;
+
+        assertEquals(AF_INET6, routeMsg.getRtmFamily());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPioTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPioTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d88829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPioTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.INFINITE_LEASE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+
+import libcore.util.HexEncoding;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructNdOptPioTest {
+    private static final IpPrefix TEST_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2a00:79e1:abc:f605::/64");
+    private static final byte TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_UNSET = (byte) 0xC0; // L=1,A=1
+    private static final byte TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET   = (byte) 0xD0; // L=1,A=1,P=1
+    private static final String PIO_BYTES =
+            "0304"                                // type=3, length=4
+            + "40"                                // prefix length=64
+            + "C0"                                // L=1,A=1
+            + "00278D00"                          // valid=259200
+            + "00093A80"                          // preferred=604800
+            + "00000000"                          // Reserved2
+            + "2A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"; // prefix=2a00:79e1:abc:f605::
+
+    private static final String PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_BYTES =
+            "0304"                                // type=3, length=4
+            + "40"                                // prefix length=64
+            + "D0"                                // L=1,A=1,P=1
+            + "00278D00"                          // valid=2592000
+            + "00093A80"                          // preferred=604800
+            + "00000000"                          // Reserved2
+            + "2A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"; // prefix=2a00:79e1:abc:f605::
+
+    private static final String PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_INFINITY_LIFETIME_BYTES =
+            "0304"                                // type=3, length=4
+            + "40"                                // prefix length=64
+            + "D0"                                // L=1,A=1,P=1
+            + "FFFFFFFF"                          // valid=infinity
+            + "FFFFFFFF"                          // preferred=infintiy
+            + "00000000"                          // Reserved2
+            + "2A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"; // prefix=2a00:79e1:abc:f605::
+
+    private static void assertPioOptMatches(final StructNdOptPio opt, int length, byte flags,
+            long preferred, long valid, final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        assertEquals(StructNdOptPio.TYPE, opt.type);
+        assertEquals(length, opt.length);
+        assertEquals(flags, opt.flags);
+        assertEquals(preferred, opt.preferred);
+        assertEquals(valid, opt.valid);
+        assertEquals(prefix, opt.prefix);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertToByteBufferMatches(final StructNdOptPio opt, final String expected) {
+        String actual = HexEncoding.encodeToString(opt.toByteBuffer().array());
+        assertEquals(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    private static void doPioParsingTest(final String optionHexString, int length, byte flags,
+            long preferred, long valid, final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        final byte[] rawBytes = HexEncoding.decode(optionHexString);
+        final StructNdOptPio opt = StructNdOptPio.parse(ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBytes));
+        assertPioOptMatches(opt, length, flags, preferred, valid, prefix);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(opt, optionHexString);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsingPioWithoutPFlag() {
+        doPioParsingTest(PIO_BYTES, 4 /* length */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_UNSET,
+                604800 /* preferred */, 2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsingPioWithPFlag() {
+        doPioParsingTest(PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_BYTES, 4 /* length */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                604800 /* preferred */, 2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsingPioWithPFlag_infinityLifetime() {
+        doPioParsingTest(PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_INFINITY_LIFETIME_BYTES, 4 /* length */,
+                TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* preferred */,
+                Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* valid */,
+                TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToByteBuffer() {
+        final StructNdOptPio pio =
+                new StructNdOptPio(TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_UNSET, 604800 /* preferred */,
+                        2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(pio, PIO_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToByteBuffer_withPFlag() {
+        final StructNdOptPio pio =
+                new StructNdOptPio(TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET, 604800 /* preferred */,
+                        2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(pio, PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToByteBuffer_infinityLifetime() {
+        final StructNdOptPio pio =
+                new StructNdOptPio(TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                        Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* preferred */,
+                        Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(pio, PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_INFINITY_LIFETIME_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private static ByteBuffer makePioOption(byte type, byte length, byte prefixLen, byte flags,
+            long valid, long preferred, final byte[] prefix) {
+        final PrefixInformationOption pio = new PrefixInformationOption(type, length, prefixLen,
+                flags, valid, preferred, 0 /* reserved */, prefix);
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(pio.writeToBytes(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_invalidOptionType() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 24 /* wrong type:RIO */,
+                (byte) 4 /* length */, (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        assertNull(StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_invalidOptionLength() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 24 /* wrong type:RIO */,
+                (byte) 3 /* wrong length */, (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */,
+                TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET, 2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */,
+                TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        assertNull(StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_truncatedByteBuffer() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 3 /* type */, (byte) 4 /* length */,
+                (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        final int len = buf.limit();
+        for (int i = 0; i < buf.limit() - 1; i++) {
+            buf.flip();
+            buf.limit(i);
+            assertNull("Option truncated to " + i + " bytes, should have returned null",
+                    StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+        }
+        buf.flip();
+        buf.limit(len);
+
+        final StructNdOptPio opt = StructNdOptPio.parse(buf);
+        assertPioOptMatches(opt, (byte) 4 /* length */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                604800 /* preferred */, 2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_invalidByteBufferLength() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 3 /* type */, (byte) 4 /* length */,
+                (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        buf.limit(31); // less than 4 * 8
+        assertNull(StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 3 /* type */, (byte) 4 /* length */,
+                (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        final StructNdOptPio opt = StructNdOptPio.parse(buf);
+        final String expected = "NdOptPio"
+                + "(flags:D0, preferred lft:604800, valid lft:2592000,"
+                + " prefix:2a00:79e1:abc:f605::/64)";
+        assertEquals(expected, opt.toString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java
index af3fac2..4c3fde6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java
@@ -92,4 +92,26 @@
         assertNull(integer3);
         assertEquals(int3, 0x08 /* default value */);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetValueAsLong() {
+        final Long input = 1234567L;
+        // Not a real netlink attribute, just for testing
+        final StructNlAttr attr = new StructNlAttr(IFA_FLAGS, input);
+
+        final Long output = attr.getValueAsLong();
+
+        assertEquals(input, output);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetValueAsLong_malformed() {
+        final int input = 1234567;
+        // Not a real netlink attribute, just for testing
+        final StructNlAttr attr = new StructNlAttr(IFA_FLAGS, input);
+
+        final Long output = attr.getValueAsLong();
+
+        assertNull(output);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdrTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdrTest.java
index b7f68c6..a0d8b8c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdrTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlMsgHdrTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.system.OsConstants;
@@ -48,10 +49,14 @@
     public static final String TEST_NLMSG_PID_STR = "nlmsg_pid{5678}";
 
     private StructNlMsgHdr makeStructNlMsgHdr(short type) {
+        return makeStructNlMsgHdr(type, TEST_NLMSG_FLAGS);
+    }
+
+    private StructNlMsgHdr makeStructNlMsgHdr(short type, short flags) {
         final StructNlMsgHdr struct = new StructNlMsgHdr();
         struct.nlmsg_len = TEST_NLMSG_LEN;
         struct.nlmsg_type = type;
-        struct.nlmsg_flags = TEST_NLMSG_FLAGS;
+        struct.nlmsg_flags = flags;
         struct.nlmsg_seq = TEST_NLMSG_SEQ;
         struct.nlmsg_pid = TEST_NLMSG_PID;
         return struct;
@@ -62,6 +67,11 @@
         fail("\"" + actualValue + "\" does not contain \"" + expectedSubstring + "\"");
     }
 
+    private static void assertNotContains(String actualValue, String unexpectedSubstring) {
+        if (!actualValue.contains(unexpectedSubstring)) return;
+        fail("\"" + actualValue + "\" contains \"" + unexpectedSubstring + "\"");
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testToString() {
         StructNlMsgHdr struct = makeStructNlMsgHdr(NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWADDR);
@@ -99,4 +109,31 @@
         assertContains(s, TEST_NLMSG_PID_STR);
         assertContains(s, "nlmsg_type{20(SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY)}");
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString_flags_dumpRequest() {
+        final short flags = StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST | StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
+        StructNlMsgHdr struct = makeStructNlMsgHdr(NetlinkConstants.RTM_GETROUTE, flags);
+
+        String s = struct.toString(OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE);
+
+        assertContains(s, "RTM_GETROUTE");
+        assertContains(s, "NLM_F_REQUEST");
+        assertContains(s, "NLM_F_DUMP");
+        // NLM_F_DUMP = NLM_F_ROOT | NLM_F_MATCH;
+        assertNotContains(s, "NLM_F_MATCH");
+        assertNotContains(s, "NLM_F_ROOT");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString_flags_root() {
+        final short flags = StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_ROOT;
+        StructNlMsgHdr struct = makeStructNlMsgHdr(NetlinkConstants.RTM_GETROUTE, flags);
+
+        String s = struct.toString(OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE);
+
+        assertContains(s, "NLM_F_ROOT");
+        // NLM_F_DUMP = NLM_F_ROOT | NLM_F_MATCH;
+        assertNotContains(s, "NLM_F_DUMP");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/OWNERS b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fca70aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 685852
+file:platform/frameworks/base:main:/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/OWNERS
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmIdTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmIdTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9741cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmIdTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.IPPROTO_ESP;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructXfrmIdTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "C0000201000000000000000000000000" + "53FA0FDD32000000";
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+    private static final InetAddress DEST_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final long SPI = 0x53fa0fdd;
+    private static final short PROTO = IPPROTO_ESP;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final StructXfrmId struct = new StructXfrmId(DEST_ADDRESS, SPI, PROTO);
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXPECTED_HEX.length);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        struct.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, buffer.array());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final StructXfrmId struct = StructXfrmId.parse(StructXfrmId.class, buffer);
+
+        assertEquals(DEST_ADDRESS, struct.getDestAddress(OsConstants.AF_INET));
+        assertEquals(SPI, struct.spi);
+        assertEquals(PROTO, struct.proto);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCfgTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCfgTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69360f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCfgTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.XFRM_INF;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructXfrmLifetimeCfgTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000";
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final StructXfrmLifetimeCfg struct = new StructXfrmLifetimeCfg();
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXPECTED_HEX.length);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        struct.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, buffer.array());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final StructXfrmLifetimeCfg struct =
+                StructXfrmLifetimeCfg.parse(StructXfrmLifetimeCfg.class, buffer);
+
+        assertEquals(XFRM_INF, struct.softByteLimit);
+        assertEquals(XFRM_INF, struct.hardByteLimit);
+        assertEquals(XFRM_INF, struct.softPacketLimit);
+        assertEquals(XFRM_INF, struct.hardPacketLimit);
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, struct.softAddExpiresSeconds);
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, struct.hardAddExpiresSeconds);
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, struct.softUseExpiresSeconds);
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, struct.hardUseExpiresSeconds);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCurTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCurTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008c922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmLifetimeCurTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructXfrmLifetimeCurTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "00000000000000000000000000000000" + "8CFE4265000000000000000000000000";
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+    private static final BigInteger ADD_TIME;
+
+    static {
+        final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
+        cal.set(2023, Calendar.NOVEMBER, 2, 1, 42, 36);
+        final long timestampSeconds = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(cal.getTimeInMillis());
+        ADD_TIME = BigInteger.valueOf(timestampSeconds);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final StructXfrmLifetimeCur struct =
+                new StructXfrmLifetimeCur(
+                        BigInteger.ZERO, BigInteger.ZERO, ADD_TIME, BigInteger.ZERO);
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXPECTED_HEX.length);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        struct.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, buffer.array());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final StructXfrmLifetimeCur struct =
+                StructXfrmLifetimeCur.parse(StructXfrmLifetimeCur.class, buffer);
+
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, struct.bytes);
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, struct.packets);
+        assertEquals(ADD_TIME, struct.addTime);
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, struct.useTime);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmReplayStateEsnTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmReplayStateEsnTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb968d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmReplayStateEsnTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructXfrmReplayStateEsnTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "80000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000001000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "0000000000000000";
+
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+
+    private static final long BMP_LEN = 128;
+    private static final long REPLAY_WINDOW = 4096;
+    private static final byte[] BITMAP = new byte[512];
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final StructXfrmReplayStateEsn struct =
+                new StructXfrmReplayStateEsn(BMP_LEN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, REPLAY_WINDOW, BITMAP);
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(struct.getStructSize());
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        struct.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, buffer.array());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        final StructXfrmReplayStateEsn struct = StructXfrmReplayStateEsn.parse(buffer);
+
+        assertEquals(BMP_LEN, struct.getBmpLen());
+        assertEquals(REPLAY_WINDOW, struct.getReplayWindow());
+        assertArrayEquals(BITMAP, struct.getBitmap());
+        assertEquals(0L, struct.getRxSequenceNumber());
+        assertEquals(0L, struct.getTxSequenceNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetSequenceNumber() throws Exception {
+        final long low = 0x00ab112233L;
+        final long hi = 0x01L;
+
+        assertEquals(0x01ab112233L, StructXfrmReplayStateEsn.getSequenceNumber(hi, low));
+        assertEquals(0xab11223300000001L, StructXfrmReplayStateEsn.getSequenceNumber(low, hi));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Add test cases that the test bitmap is not all zeros
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmSelectorTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmSelectorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f3b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmSelectorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructXfrmSelectorTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000200000000000000"
+                    + "0000000000000000";
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+
+    private static final byte[] XFRM_ADDRESS_T_ANY_BYTES = new byte[16];
+    private static final int FAMILY = OsConstants.AF_INET;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final StructXfrmSelector struct = new StructXfrmSelector(FAMILY);
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXPECTED_HEX.length);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        struct.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, buffer.array());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final StructXfrmSelector struct =
+                StructXfrmSelector.parse(StructXfrmSelector.class, buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(XFRM_ADDRESS_T_ANY_BYTES, struct.nestedStructDAddr);
+        assertArrayEquals(XFRM_ADDRESS_T_ANY_BYTES, struct.nestedStructSAddr);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.dPort);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.dPortMask);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.sPort);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.sPortMask);
+        assertEquals(FAMILY, struct.selectorFamily);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.prefixlenD);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.prefixlenS);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.proto);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.ifIndex);
+        assertEquals(0, struct.user);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaIdTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaIdTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b659f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaIdTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.IPPROTO_ESP;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructXfrmUsersaIdTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "C0000201000000000000000000000000" + "7768440002003200";
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+
+    private static final InetAddress DEST_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final long SPI = 0x77684400;
+    private static final int FAMILY = OsConstants.AF_INET;
+    private static final short PROTO = IPPROTO_ESP;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final StructXfrmUsersaId struct = new StructXfrmUsersaId(DEST_ADDRESS, SPI, FAMILY, PROTO);
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXPECTED_HEX.length);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        struct.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, buffer.array());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        final StructXfrmUsersaId struct =
+                StructXfrmUsersaId.parse(StructXfrmUsersaId.class, buffer);
+
+        assertEquals(DEST_ADDRESS, struct.getDestAddress());
+        assertEquals(SPI, struct.spi);
+        assertEquals(FAMILY, struct.family);
+        assertEquals(PROTO, struct.proto);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaInfoTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94161ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/StructXfrmUsersaInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.IPPROTO_ESP;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.XFRM_MODE_TRANSPORT;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructXfrmUsersaInfoTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000A00000000000000"
+                    + "000000000000000020010DB800000000"
+                    + "0000000000000111AABBCCDD32000000"
+                    + "20010DB8000000000000000000000222"
+                    + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "FD464C65000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "024000000A0000000000000000000000";
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+
+    private static final InetAddress DEST_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::111");
+    private static final InetAddress SOURCE_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::222");
+    private static final BigInteger ADD_TIME;
+    private static final int SELECTOR_FAMILY = OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+    private static final int FAMILY = OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+    private static final long SPI = 0xaabbccddL;
+    private static final long SEQ = 0L;
+    private static final long REQ_ID = 16386L;
+    private static final short PROTO = IPPROTO_ESP;
+    private static final short MODE = XFRM_MODE_TRANSPORT;
+    private static final short REPLAY_WINDOW_LEGACY = 0;
+    private static final short FLAGS = 0;
+
+    static {
+        final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
+        cal.set(2023, Calendar.NOVEMBER, 9, 2, 42, 05);
+        final long timestampSeconds = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(cal.getTimeInMillis());
+        ADD_TIME = BigInteger.valueOf(timestampSeconds);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final StructXfrmUsersaInfo struct =
+                new StructXfrmUsersaInfo(
+                        DEST_ADDRESS,
+                        SOURCE_ADDRESS,
+                        ADD_TIME,
+                        SELECTOR_FAMILY,
+                        SPI,
+                        SEQ,
+                        REQ_ID,
+                        PROTO,
+                        MODE,
+                        REPLAY_WINDOW_LEGACY,
+                        FLAGS);
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXPECTED_HEX.length);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        struct.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, buffer.array());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        final StructXfrmUsersaInfo struct =
+                StructXfrmUsersaInfo.parse(StructXfrmUsersaInfo.class, buffer);
+
+        assertEquals(DEST_ADDRESS, struct.getDestAddress());
+        assertEquals(SOURCE_ADDRESS, struct.getSrcAddress());
+        assertEquals(SPI, struct.getSpi());
+        assertEquals(SEQ, struct.seq);
+        assertEquals(REQ_ID, struct.reqId);
+        assertEquals(FAMILY, struct.family);
+        assertEquals(MODE, struct.mode);
+        assertEquals(REPLAY_WINDOW_LEGACY, struct.replayWindowLegacy);
+        assertEquals(FLAGS, struct.flags);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ab36e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.IPPROTO_ESP;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.NETLINK_XFRM;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessageTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "28000000120001000000000000000000"
+                    + "C0000201000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "7768440002003200";
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+    private static final InetAddress DEST_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final long SPI = 0x77684400;
+    private static final int FAMILY = OsConstants.AF_INET;
+    private static final short PROTO = IPPROTO_ESP;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncode() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] result =
+                XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage.newXfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage(DEST_ADDRESS, SPI, PROTO);
+        assertArrayEquals(EXPECTED_HEX, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage message =
+                (XfrmNetlinkGetSaMessage) NetlinkMessage.parse(buffer, NETLINK_XFRM);
+        final StructXfrmUsersaId struct = message.getStructXfrmUsersaId();
+
+        assertEquals(DEST_ADDRESS, struct.getDestAddress());
+        assertEquals(SPI, struct.spi);
+        assertEquals(FAMILY, struct.family);
+        assertEquals(PROTO, struct.proto);
+        assertEquals(0, buffer.remaining());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d0ce2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/xfrm/XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.NETLINK_XFRM;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkMessage.XFRM_MODE_TRANSPORT;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessageTest {
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEX_STRING =
+            "2004000010000000000000003FE1D4B6"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000A00000000000000"
+                    + "000000000000000020010DB800000000"
+                    + "0000000000000111AABBCCDD32000000"
+                    + "20010DB8000000000000000000000222"
+                    + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "FD464C65000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "024000000A0000000000000000000000"
+                    + "5C000100686D61632873686131290000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000A000000055F01AC07E15E437"
+                    + "115DDE0AEDD18A822BA9F81E60001400"
+                    + "686D6163287368613129000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "A00000006000000055F01AC07E15E437"
+                    + "115DDE0AEDD18A822BA9F81E58000200"
+                    + "63626328616573290000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "800000006AED4975ADF006D65C76F639"
+                    + "23A6265B1C0217008000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000100000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000";
+
+    private static final byte[] EXPECTED_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(EXPECTED_HEX_STRING);
+
+    private static final InetAddress DEST_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::111");
+    private static final InetAddress SOURCE_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::222");
+    private static final int FAMILY = OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+    private static final long SPI = 0xaabbccddL;
+    private static final long SEQ = 0L;
+    private static final long REQ_ID = 16386L;
+    private static final short MODE = XFRM_MODE_TRANSPORT;
+    private static final short REPLAY_WINDOW_LEGACY = 0;
+    private static final short FLAGS = 0;
+    private static final byte[] BITMAP = new byte[512];
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecode() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(EXPECTED_HEX);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage message =
+                (XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage) NetlinkMessage.parse(buffer, NETLINK_XFRM);
+        final StructXfrmUsersaInfo xfrmUsersaInfo = message.getXfrmUsersaInfo();
+
+        assertEquals(DEST_ADDRESS, xfrmUsersaInfo.getDestAddress());
+        assertEquals(SOURCE_ADDRESS, xfrmUsersaInfo.getSrcAddress());
+        assertEquals(SPI, xfrmUsersaInfo.getSpi());
+        assertEquals(SEQ, xfrmUsersaInfo.seq);
+        assertEquals(REQ_ID, xfrmUsersaInfo.reqId);
+        assertEquals(FAMILY, xfrmUsersaInfo.family);
+        assertEquals(MODE, xfrmUsersaInfo.mode);
+        assertEquals(REPLAY_WINDOW_LEGACY, xfrmUsersaInfo.replayWindowLegacy);
+        assertEquals(FLAGS, xfrmUsersaInfo.flags);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(BITMAP, message.getBitmap());
+        assertEquals(0L, message.getRxSequenceNumber());
+        assertEquals(0L, message.getTxSequenceNumber());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/FragmentHeaderTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/FragmentHeaderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a78ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/FragmentHeaderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class FragmentHeaderTest {
+    private static final byte[] HEADER_BYTES = new byte[] {
+        17, /* nextHeader  */
+        0, /* reserved */
+        15, 1, /* fragmentOffset */
+        1, 2, 3, 4 /* identification */
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        FragmentHeader fragHdr = new FragmentHeader((short) 10 /* nextHeader */,
+                (byte) 11 /* reserved */,
+                12 /* fragmentOffset */,
+                13 /* identification */);
+
+        assertEquals(10, fragHdr.nextHeader);
+        assertEquals(11, fragHdr.reserved);
+        assertEquals(12, fragHdr.fragmentOffset);
+        assertEquals(13, fragHdr.identification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseFragmentHeader() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(HEADER_BYTES);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+        FragmentHeader fragHdr = FragmentHeader.parse(FragmentHeader.class, buf);
+
+        assertEquals(17, fragHdr.nextHeader);
+        assertEquals(0, fragHdr.reserved);
+        assertEquals(0xF01, fragHdr.fragmentOffset);
+        assertEquals(0x1020304, fragHdr.identification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteToBytes() {
+        FragmentHeader fragHdr = new FragmentHeader((short) 17 /* nextHeader */,
+                (byte) 0 /* reserved */,
+                0xF01 /* fragmentOffset */,
+                0x1020304 /* identification */);
+
+        byte[] bytes = fragHdr.writeToBytes(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+
+        assertArrayEquals("bytes = " + Arrays.toString(bytes), HEADER_BYTES, bytes);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMf6cctlTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMf6cctlTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a83fc36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMf6cctlTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class StructMf6cctlTest {
+    private static final byte[] MSG_BYTES = new byte[] {
+        10, 0, /* AF_INET6 */
+        0, 0, /* originPort */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, /* originFlowinfo */
+        32, 1, 13, -72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, /* originAddress */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, /* originScopeId */
+        10, 0, /* AF_INET6 */
+        0, 0, /* groupPort */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, /* groupFlowinfo*/
+        -1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 18, 52, /*groupAddress*/
+        0, 0, 0, 0, /* groupScopeId*/
+        1, 0, /* mf6ccParent */
+        0, 0, /* padding */
+        0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 /* mf6ccIfset */
+    };
+
+    private static final int OIF = 10;
+    private static final byte[] OIFSET_BYTES = new byte[] {
+        0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+    };
+
+    private static final Inet6Address SOURCE =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+    private static final Inet6Address DESTINATION =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff05::1234");
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        final Set<Integer> oifset = new ArraySet<>();
+        oifset.add(OIF);
+
+        StructMf6cctl mf6cctl = new StructMf6cctl(SOURCE, DESTINATION,
+                1 /* mf6ccParent */, oifset);
+
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(SOURCE.getAddress(), mf6cctl.originAddress));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(DESTINATION.getAddress(), mf6cctl.groupAddress));
+        assertEquals(1, mf6cctl.mf6ccParent);
+        assertArrayEquals(OIFSET_BYTES, mf6cctl.mf6ccIfset);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor_tooBigOifIndex_throwsIllegalArgumentException()
+            throws UnknownHostException {
+        final Set<Integer> oifset = new ArraySet<>();
+        oifset.add(1000);
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+            () -> new StructMf6cctl(SOURCE, DESTINATION, 1, oifset));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseMf6cctl() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(MSG_BYTES);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        StructMf6cctl mf6cctl = StructMf6cctl.parse(StructMf6cctl.class, buf);
+
+        assertEquals(AF_INET6, mf6cctl.originFamily);
+        assertEquals(AF_INET6, mf6cctl.groupFamily);
+        assertArrayEquals(SOURCE.getAddress(), mf6cctl.originAddress);
+        assertArrayEquals(DESTINATION.getAddress(), mf6cctl.groupAddress);
+        assertEquals(1, mf6cctl.mf6ccParent);
+        assertArrayEquals("mf6ccIfset = " + Arrays.toString(mf6cctl.mf6ccIfset),
+                OIFSET_BYTES, mf6cctl.mf6ccIfset);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteToBytes() {
+        final Set<Integer> oifset = new ArraySet<>();
+        oifset.add(OIF);
+
+        StructMf6cctl mf6cctl = new StructMf6cctl(SOURCE, DESTINATION,
+                1 /* mf6ccParent */, oifset);
+        byte[] bytes = mf6cctl.writeToBytes();
+
+        assertArrayEquals("bytes = " + Arrays.toString(bytes), MSG_BYTES, bytes);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMif6ctlTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMif6ctlTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75196e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMif6ctlTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class StructMif6ctlTest {
+    private static final byte[] MSG_BYTES = new byte[] {
+        1, 0,  /* mif6cMifi */
+        0, /* mif6cFlags */
+        1, /* vifcThreshold*/
+        20, 0, /* mif6cPifi */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, /* vifcRateLimit */
+        0, 0 /* padding */
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        StructMif6ctl mif6ctl = new StructMif6ctl(10 /* mif6cMifi */,
+                (short) 11 /* mif6cFlags */,
+                (short) 12 /* vifcThreshold */,
+                13 /* mif6cPifi */,
+                14L /* vifcRateLimit */);
+
+        assertEquals(10, mif6ctl.mif6cMifi);
+        assertEquals(11, mif6ctl.mif6cFlags);
+        assertEquals(12, mif6ctl.vifcThreshold);
+        assertEquals(13, mif6ctl.mif6cPifi);
+        assertEquals(14, mif6ctl.vifcRateLimit);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseMif6ctl() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(MSG_BYTES);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        StructMif6ctl mif6ctl = StructMif6ctl.parse(StructMif6ctl.class, buf);
+
+        assertEquals(1, mif6ctl.mif6cMifi);
+        assertEquals(0, mif6ctl.mif6cFlags);
+        assertEquals(1, mif6ctl.vifcThreshold);
+        assertEquals(20, mif6ctl.mif6cPifi);
+        assertEquals(0, mif6ctl.vifcRateLimit);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteToBytes() {
+        StructMif6ctl mif6ctl = new StructMif6ctl(1 /* mif6cMifi */,
+                (short) 0 /* mif6cFlags */,
+                (short) 1 /* vifcThreshold */,
+                20 /* mif6cPifi */,
+                (long) 0 /* vifcRateLimit */);
+
+        byte[] bytes = mif6ctl.writeToBytes();
+
+        assertArrayEquals("bytes = " + Arrays.toString(bytes), MSG_BYTES, bytes);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMrt6MsgTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMrt6MsgTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1b75a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/structs/StructMrt6MsgTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.android.net.module.util.structs;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class StructMrt6MsgTest {
+
+    private static final byte[] MSG_BYTES = new byte[] {
+        0, /* mbz = 0 */
+        1, /* message type = MRT6MSG_NOCACHE */
+        1, 0, /* mif u16 = 1 */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, /* padding */
+        32, 1, 13, -72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, /* source=2001:db8::1 */
+        -1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 18, 52, /* destination=ff05::1234 */
+    };
+
+    private static final Inet6Address SOURCE =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+    private static final Inet6Address GROUP =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff05::1234");
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseMrt6Msg() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(MSG_BYTES);
+        StructMrt6Msg mrt6Msg = StructMrt6Msg.parse(buf);
+
+        assertEquals(1, mrt6Msg.mif);
+        assertEquals(StructMrt6Msg.MRT6MSG_NOCACHE, mrt6Msg.msgType);
+        assertEquals(SOURCE, mrt6Msg.src);
+        assertEquals(GROUP, mrt6Msg.dst);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteToBytes() {
+        StructMrt6Msg msg = new StructMrt6Msg((byte) 0 /* mbz must be 0 */,
+                StructMrt6Msg.MRT6MSG_NOCACHE,
+                1 /* mif */,
+                SOURCE,
+                GROUP);
+        byte[] bytes = msg.writeToBytes();
+
+        assertArrayEquals(MSG_BYTES, bytes);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
index a5e5afb..3843b90 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -24,11 +25,11 @@
     ],
     defaults: [
         "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
-        "lib_mockito_extended"
+        "lib_mockito_extended",
     ],
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
-        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",  // TestBpfMap extends IBpfMap.
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf", // TestBpfMap extends IBpfMap.
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.ext.junit",
@@ -39,10 +40,13 @@
         "net-utils-device-common-async",
         "net-utils-device-common-netlink",
         "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
         "net-utils-device-common-wear",
         "modules-utils-build_system",
     ],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+    },
 }
 
 java_library {
@@ -72,9 +76,11 @@
         "jsr305",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "kotlin-test"
+        "kotlin-test",
     ],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+    },
 }
 
 java_test_host {
@@ -84,6 +90,17 @@
         "host/**/*.kt",
     ],
     libs: ["tradefed"],
-    test_suites: ["ats", "device-tests", "general-tests", "cts", "mts-networking"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "ats",
+        "device-tests",
+        "general-tests",
+        "cts",
+        "mts-networking",
+        "mcts-networking",
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "mcts-tethering",
+        "mcts-wifi",
+        "mcts-dnsresolver",
+    ],
     data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp
index 049ec9e..394c6be 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
         "modules-utils-build_system",
         "net-tests-utils",
     ],
-    host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
-    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+    },
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
index d75d9ca..df6067d 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
                     commonError)
         }
         assertTrue(tm.isDataConnectivityPossible,
-            "The device is not setup with a SIM card that supports data connectivity. " +
-                    commonError)
+            "The device has a SIM card, but it does not supports data connectivity. " +
+            "Check the data plan, and verify that mobile data is working. " + commonError)
         connectUtil.ensureCellularValidated()
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/NSResponder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/NSResponder.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7619cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/NSResponder.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils
+
+import android.net.MacAddress
+import android.util.Log
+import com.android.net.module.util.Ipv6Utils
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_TLLA
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT_FLAG_SOLICITED
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.LlaOption
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.NsHeader
+import com.android.testutils.PacketReflector.IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH
+import java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+
+private const val NS_TYPE = 135.toShort()
+
+/**
+ * A class that can be used to reply to Neighbor Solicitation packets on a [TapPacketReader].
+ */
+class NSResponder(
+    reader: TapPacketReader,
+    table: Map<Inet6Address, MacAddress>,
+    name: String = NSResponder::class.java.simpleName
+) : PacketResponder(reader, Icmpv6Filter(), name) {
+    companion object {
+        private val TAG = NSResponder::class.simpleName
+    }
+
+    // Copy the map if not already immutable (toMap) to make sure it is not modified
+    private val table = table.toMap()
+
+    override fun replyToPacket(packet: ByteArray, reader: TapPacketReader) {
+        if (packet.size < IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+            return
+        }
+        val buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet, ETHER_HEADER_LEN, packet.size - ETHER_HEADER_LEN)
+        val ipv6Header = parseOrLog(Ipv6Header::class.java, buf) ?: return
+        val icmpHeader = parseOrLog(Icmpv6Header::class.java, buf) ?: return
+        if (icmpHeader.type != NS_TYPE) {
+            return
+        }
+        val ns = parseOrLog(NsHeader::class.java, buf) ?: return
+        val replyMacAddr = table[ns.target] ?: return
+        val slla = parseOrLog(LlaOption::class.java, buf) ?: return
+        val requesterMac = slla.linkLayerAddress
+
+        val tlla = LlaOption.build(ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_TLLA.toByte(), replyMacAddr)
+        reader.sendResponse(Ipv6Utils.buildNaPacket(
+            replyMacAddr /* srcMac */,
+            requesterMac /* dstMac */,
+            ns.target /* srcIp */,
+            ipv6Header.srcIp /* dstIp */,
+            NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT_FLAG_SOLICITED,
+            ns.target,
+            tlla))
+    }
+
+    private fun <T> parseOrLog(clazz: Class<T>, buf: ByteBuffer): T? where T : Struct {
+        return try {
+            Struct.parse(clazz, buf)
+        } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid ${clazz.simpleName} in ICMPv6 packet", e)
+            null
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93422ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Handler
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry
+import java.util.Collections
+import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule
+import org.junit.runner.Description
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement
+
+/**
+ * A rule to file [NetworkCallback]s to request or watch networks.
+ *
+ * The callbacks filed in test methods are automatically unregistered when the method completes.
+ */
+class AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule : NetworkCallbackHelper(), TestRule {
+    override fun apply(base: Statement, description: Description): Statement {
+        return RequestCellNetworkStatement(base, description)
+    }
+
+    private inner class RequestCellNetworkStatement(
+        private val base: Statement,
+        private val description: Description
+    ) : Statement() {
+        override fun evaluate() {
+            tryTest {
+                base.evaluate()
+            } cleanup {
+                unregisterAll()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helps file [NetworkCallback]s to request or watch networks, keeping track of them for cleanup.
+ */
+open class NetworkCallbackHelper {
+    private val cm by lazy {
+        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+            .getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
+            ?: fail("ConnectivityManager not found")
+    }
+    private val cbToCleanup = Collections.synchronizedSet(mutableSetOf<NetworkCallback>())
+    private var cellRequestCb: TestableNetworkCallback? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to request a cell network, similarly to [requestNetwork].
+     *
+     * The rule will keep tract of a single cell network request, which can be unrequested manually
+     * using [unrequestCell].
+     */
+    fun requestCell(): Network {
+        if (cellRequestCb != null) {
+            fail("Cell network was already requested")
+        }
+        val cb = requestNetwork(
+            NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build()
+        )
+        cellRequestCb = cb
+        return cb.expect<CallbackEntry.Available>(
+            errorMsg = "Cell network not available. " +
+                    "Please ensure the device has working mobile data."
+        ).network
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unrequest a cell network requested through [requestCell].
+     */
+    fun unrequestCell() {
+        val cb = cellRequestCb ?: fail("Cell network was not requested")
+        unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        cellRequestCb = null
+    }
+
+    private fun addCallback(
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback,
+        registrar: (TestableNetworkCallback) -> Unit
+    ): TestableNetworkCallback {
+        registrar(cb)
+        cbToCleanup.add(cb)
+        return cb
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * File a request for a Network.
+     *
+     * This will fail tests (throw) if the cell network cannot be obtained, or if it was already
+     * requested.
+     *
+     * Tests may call [unregisterNetworkCallback] once they are done using the returned [Network],
+     * otherwise it will be automatically unrequested after the test.
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun requestNetwork(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler? = null
+    ) = addCallback(cb) {
+        if (handler == null) {
+            cm.requestNetwork(request, it)
+        } else {
+            cm.requestNetwork(request, it, handler)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Overload of [requestNetwork] that allows specifying a timeout.
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun requestNetwork(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        timeoutMs: Int,
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.requestNetwork(request, it, timeoutMs) }
+
+    /**
+     * File a callback for a NetworkRequest.
+     *
+     * This will fail tests (throw) if the cell network cannot be obtained, or if it was already
+     * requested.
+     *
+     * Tests may call [unregisterNetworkCallback] once they are done using the returned [Network],
+     * otherwise it will be automatically unrequested after the test.
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerNetworkCallback(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, it) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerDefaultNetworkCallback(
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler? = null
+    ) = addCallback(cb) {
+        if (handler == null) {
+            cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(it)
+        } else {
+            cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(it, handler)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(it, handler) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
+        uid: Int,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(uid, it, handler) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, it, handler) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.requestBackgroundNetwork
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun requestBackgroundNetwork(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, it, handler) }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister a callback filed using registration methods in this class.
+     */
+    fun unregisterNetworkCallback(cb: NetworkCallback) {
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        cbToCleanup.remove(cb)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister all callbacks that were filed using registration methods in this class.
+     */
+    fun unregisterAll() {
+        cbToCleanup.forEach { cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(it) }
+        cbToCleanup.clear()
+        cellRequestCb = null
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
index b1d64f8..3857810 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
         val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS)
         cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .build(), callback)
 
         return tryTest {
@@ -116,7 +117,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private fun connectToWifiConfig(config: WifiConfiguration) {
+    // Suppress warning because WifiManager methods to connect to a config are
+    // documented not to be deprecated for privileged users.
+    @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+    fun connectToWifiConfig(config: WifiConfiguration) {
         repeat(MAX_WIFI_CONNECT_RETRIES) {
             val error = runAsShell(permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
                 val listener = ConnectWifiListener()
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt
index 2d281fd..69fdbf8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.testutils
 
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareOrUpdateResult
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
@@ -27,8 +28,10 @@
 import org.junit.runner.manipulation.NoTestsRemainException
 import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Sortable
 import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Sorter
+import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure
 import org.junit.runner.notification.RunNotifier
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized
+import org.mockito.Mockito
 
 /**
  * A runner that can skip tests based on the development SDK as defined in [DevSdkIgnoreRule].
@@ -52,6 +55,9 @@
  *     class MyTestClass { ... }
  */
 class DevSdkIgnoreRunner(private val klass: Class<*>) : Runner(), Filterable, Sortable {
+    private val leakMonitorDesc = Description.createTestDescription(klass, "ThreadLeakMonitor")
+    private val shouldThreadLeakFailTest = klass.isAnnotationPresent(MonitorThreadLeak::class.java)
+
     // Inference correctly infers Runner & Filterable & Sortable for |baseRunner|, but the
     // Java bytecode doesn't have a way to express this. Give this type a name by wrapping it.
     private class RunnerWrapper<T>(private val wrapped: T) :
@@ -61,6 +67,10 @@
         override fun run(notifier: RunNotifier?) = wrapped.run(notifier)
     }
 
+    // Annotation for test classes to indicate the test runner should monitor thread leak.
+    // TODO(b/307693729): Remove this annotation and monitor thread leak by default.
+    annotation class MonitorThreadLeak
+
     private val baseRunner: RunnerWrapper<*>? = klass.let {
         val ignoreAfter = it.getAnnotation(IgnoreAfter::class.java)
         val ignoreUpTo = it.getAnnotation(IgnoreUpTo::class.java)
@@ -81,20 +91,68 @@
                 it.isAnnotationPresent(Parameterized.Parameters::class.java) }
 
     override fun run(notifier: RunNotifier) {
-        if (baseRunner != null) {
+        if (baseRunner == null) {
+            // Report a single, skipped placeholder test for this class, as the class is expected to
+            // report results when run. In practice runners that apply the Filterable implementation
+            // would see a NoTestsRemainException and not call the run method.
+            notifier.fireTestIgnored(
+                    Description.createTestDescription(klass, "skippedClassForDevSdkMismatch"))
+            return
+        }
+        if (!shouldThreadLeakFailTest) {
             baseRunner.run(notifier)
             return
         }
 
-        // Report a single, skipped placeholder test for this class, as the class is expected to
-        // report results when run. In practice runners that apply the Filterable implementation
-        // would see a NoTestsRemainException and not call the run method.
-        notifier.fireTestIgnored(
-                Description.createTestDescription(klass, "skippedClassForDevSdkMismatch"))
+        // Dump threads as a baseline to monitor thread leaks.
+        val threadCountsBeforeTest = getAllThreadNameCounts()
+
+        baseRunner.run(notifier)
+
+        notifier.fireTestStarted(leakMonitorDesc)
+        val threadCountsAfterTest = getAllThreadNameCounts()
+        // TODO : move CompareOrUpdateResult to its own util instead of LinkProperties.
+        val threadsDiff = CompareOrUpdateResult(
+                threadCountsBeforeTest.entries,
+                threadCountsAfterTest.entries
+        ) { it.key }
+        // Ignore removed threads, which typically are generated by previous tests.
+        // Because this is in the threadsDiff.updated member, for sure there is a
+        // corresponding key in threadCountsBeforeTest.
+        val increasedThreads = threadsDiff.updated
+                .filter { threadCountsBeforeTest[it.key]!! < it.value }
+        if (threadsDiff.added.isNotEmpty() || increasedThreads.isNotEmpty()) {
+            notifier.fireTestFailure(Failure(leakMonitorDesc,
+                    IllegalStateException("Unexpected thread changes: $threadsDiff")))
+        }
+        // Clears up internal state of all inline mocks.
+        // TODO: Call clearInlineMocks() at the end of each test.
+        Mockito.framework().clearInlineMocks()
+        notifier.fireTestFinished(leakMonitorDesc)
+    }
+
+    private fun getAllThreadNameCounts(): Map<String, Int> {
+        // Get the counts of threads in the group per name.
+        // Filter system thread groups.
+        // Also ignore threads with 1 count, this effectively filtered out threads created by the
+        // test runner or other system components. e.g. hwuiTask*, queued-work-looper,
+        // SurfaceSyncGroupTimer, RenderThread, Time-limited test, etc.
+        return Thread.getAllStackTraces().keys
+                .filter { it.threadGroup?.name != "system" }
+                .groupingBy { it.name }.eachCount()
+                .filter { it.value != 1 }
     }
 
     override fun getDescription(): Description {
-        return baseRunner?.description ?: Description.createSuiteDescription(klass)
+        if (baseRunner == null) {
+            return Description.createSuiteDescription(klass)
+        }
+
+        return baseRunner.description.also {
+            if (shouldThreadLeakFailTest) {
+                it.addChild(leakMonitorDesc)
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -102,7 +160,9 @@
      */
     override fun testCount(): Int {
         // When ignoring the tests, a skipped placeholder test is reported, so test count is 1.
-        return baseRunner?.testCount() ?: 1
+        if (baseRunner == null) return 1
+
+        return baseRunner.testCount() + if (shouldThreadLeakFailTest) 1 else 0
     }
 
     @Throws(NoTestsRemainException::class)
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt
index 3d98cc3..68248ca 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
 import android.util.Log
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.testutils.FunctionalUtils.ThrowingRunnable
-import org.junit.rules.TestRule
-import org.junit.runner.Description
-import org.junit.runners.model.Statement
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule
+import org.junit.runner.Description
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement
 
 private val TAG = DeviceConfigRule::class.simpleName
 
@@ -147,11 +147,11 @@
         return tryTest {
             runAsShell(*readWritePermissions) {
                 DeviceConfig.addOnPropertiesChangedListener(
-                        DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                        namespace,
                         inlineExecutor,
                         listener)
                 DeviceConfig.setProperty(
-                        DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                        namespace,
                         key,
                         value,
                         false /* makeDefault */)
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ExternalPacketForwarder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ExternalPacketForwarder.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36eb795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ExternalPacketForwarder.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+
+class ExternalPacketForwarder(
+    srcFd: FileDescriptor,
+    mtu: Int,
+    dstFd: FileDescriptor,
+    forwardMap: Map<Int, Int>
+) : PacketForwarderBase(srcFd, mtu, dstFd, forwardMap) {
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares a packet for forwarding by potentially updating the
+     * source port based on the specified port remapping rules.
+     *
+     * @param buf The packet data as a byte array.
+     * @param version The IP version of the packet (e.g., 4 for IPv4).
+     */
+    override fun remapPort(buf: ByteArray, version: Int) {
+        val transportOffset = getTransportOffset(version)
+        val intPort = getRemappedPort(buf, transportOffset)
+
+        // Copy remapped source port.
+        if (intPort != 0) {
+            setPortAt(intPort, buf, transportOffset)
+        }
+   }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/InternalPacketForwarder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/InternalPacketForwarder.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58829dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/InternalPacketForwarder.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+
+class InternalPacketForwarder(
+    srcFd: FileDescriptor,
+    mtu: Int,
+    dstFd: FileDescriptor,
+    forwardMap: Map<Int, Int>
+) : PacketForwarderBase(srcFd, mtu, dstFd, forwardMap) {
+    /**
+     * Prepares a packet for forwarding by potentially updating the
+     * destination port based on the specified port remapping rules.
+     *
+     * @param buf The packet data as a byte array.
+     * @param version The IP version of the packet (e.g., 4 for IPv4).
+     */
+    override fun remapPort(buf: ByteArray, version: Int) {
+        val transportOffset = getTransportOffset(version) + DESTINATION_PORT_OFFSET
+        val extPort = getRemappedPort(buf, transportOffset)
+
+        // Copy remapped destination port.
+        if (extPort != 0) {
+            setPortAt(extPort, buf, transportOffset)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatExternalPacketForwarder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatExternalPacketForwarder.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index d7961a0..0000000
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatExternalPacketForwarder.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.testutils
-
-import java.io.FileDescriptor
-import java.net.InetAddress
-
-/**
- * A class that forwards packets from the external {@link TestNetworkInterface} to the internal
- * {@link TestNetworkInterface} with NAT. See {@link NatPacketForwarderBase} for detail.
- */
-class NatExternalPacketForwarder(
-    srcFd: FileDescriptor,
-    mtu: Int,
-    dstFd: FileDescriptor,
-    extAddr: InetAddress,
-    natMap: PacketBridge.NatMap
-) : NatPacketForwarderBase(srcFd, mtu, dstFd, extAddr, natMap) {
-
-    /**
-     * Rewrite addresses, ports and fix up checksums for packets received on the external
-     * interface.
-     *
-     * Incoming response from external interface which is being forwarded to the internal
-     * interface with translated address, e.g. 1.2.3.4:80 -> 8.8.8.8:1234
-     * will be translated into 8.8.8.8:80 -> 192.168.1.1:5678.
-     *
-     * For packets that are not an incoming response, do not forward them to the
-     * internal interface.
-     */
-    override fun preparePacketForForwarding(buf: ByteArray, len: Int, version: Int, proto: Int) {
-        val (addrPos, addrLen) = getAddressPositionAndLength(version)
-
-        // TODO: support one external address per ip version.
-        val extAddrBuf = mExtAddr.address
-        if (addrLen != extAddrBuf.size) throw IllegalStateException("Packet IP version mismatch")
-
-        // Get internal address by port.
-        val transportOffset =
-            if (version == 4) PacketReflector.IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH
-            else PacketReflector.IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH
-        val dstPort = getPortAt(buf, transportOffset + DESTINATION_PORT_OFFSET)
-        val intAddrInfo = synchronized(mNatMap) { mNatMap.fromExternalPort(dstPort) }
-        // No mapping, skip. This usually happens if the connection is initiated directly on
-        // the external interface, e.g. DNS64 resolution, network validation, etc.
-        if (intAddrInfo == null) return
-
-        val intAddrBuf = intAddrInfo.address.address
-        val intPort = intAddrInfo.port
-
-        // Copy the original destination to into the source address.
-        for (i in 0 until addrLen) {
-            buf[addrPos + i] = buf[addrPos + addrLen + i]
-        }
-
-        // Copy the internal address into the destination address.
-        for (i in 0 until addrLen) {
-            buf[addrPos + addrLen + i] = intAddrBuf[i]
-        }
-
-        // Copy the internal port into the destination port.
-        setPortAt(intPort, buf, transportOffset + DESTINATION_PORT_OFFSET)
-
-        // Fix IP and Transport layer checksum.
-        fixPacketChecksum(buf, len, version, proto.toByte())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatInternalPacketForwarder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatInternalPacketForwarder.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index fa39d19..0000000
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatInternalPacketForwarder.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.testutils
-
-import java.io.FileDescriptor
-import java.net.InetAddress
-
-/**
- * A class that forwards packets from the internal {@link TestNetworkInterface} to the external
- * {@link TestNetworkInterface} with NAT. See {@link NatPacketForwarderBase} for detail.
- */
-class NatInternalPacketForwarder(
-    srcFd: FileDescriptor,
-    mtu: Int,
-    dstFd: FileDescriptor,
-    extAddr: InetAddress,
-    natMap: PacketBridge.NatMap
-) : NatPacketForwarderBase(srcFd, mtu, dstFd, extAddr, natMap) {
-
-    /**
-     * Rewrite addresses, ports and fix up checksums for packets received on the internal
-     * interface.
-     *
-     * Outgoing packet from the internal interface which is being forwarded to the
-     * external interface with translated address, e.g. 192.168.1.1:5678 -> 8.8.8.8:80
-     * will be translated into 8.8.8.8:1234 -> 1.2.3.4:80.
-     *
-     * The external port, e.g. 1234 in the above example, is the port number assigned by
-     * the forwarder when creating the mapping to identify the source address and port when
-     * the response is coming from the external interface. See {@link PacketBridge.NatMap}
-     * for detail.
-     */
-    override fun preparePacketForForwarding(buf: ByteArray, len: Int, version: Int, proto: Int) {
-        val (addrPos, addrLen) = getAddressPositionAndLength(version)
-
-        // TODO: support one external address per ip version.
-        val extAddrBuf = mExtAddr.address
-        if (addrLen != extAddrBuf.size) throw IllegalStateException("Packet IP version mismatch")
-
-        val srcAddr = getInetAddressAt(buf, addrPos, addrLen)
-
-        // Copy the original destination to into the source address.
-        for (i in 0 until addrLen) {
-            buf[addrPos + i] = buf[addrPos + addrLen + i]
-        }
-
-        // Copy the external address into the destination address.
-        for (i in 0 until addrLen) {
-            buf[addrPos + addrLen + i] = extAddrBuf[i]
-        }
-
-        // Add an entry to NAT mapping table.
-        val transportOffset =
-            if (version == 4) PacketReflector.IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH
-            else PacketReflector.IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH
-        val srcPort = getPortAt(buf, transportOffset)
-        val extPort = synchronized(mNatMap) { mNatMap.toExternalPort(srcAddr, srcPort, proto) }
-        // Copy the external port to into the source port.
-        setPortAt(extPort, buf, transportOffset)
-
-        // Fix IP and Transport layer checksum.
-        fixPacketChecksum(buf, len, version, proto.toByte())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketBridge.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketBridge.kt
index d50f78a..0b736d1 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketBridge.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketBridge.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.testutils
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.content.Context
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.LinkAddress
@@ -31,61 +32,65 @@
 import java.net.InetAddress
 import libcore.io.IoUtils
 
-private const val MIN_PORT_NUMBER = 1025
-private const val MAX_PORT_NUMBER = 65535
-
 /**
- * A class that set up two {@link TestNetworkInterface} with NAT, and forward packets between them.
+ * A class that set up two {@link TestNetworkInterface}, and forward packets between them.
  *
- * See {@link NatPacketForwarder} for more detailed information.
+ * See {@link PacketForwarder} for more detailed information.
  */
 class PacketBridge(
     context: Context,
-    internalAddr: LinkAddress,
-    externalAddr: LinkAddress,
-    dnsAddr: InetAddress
+    addresses: List<LinkAddress>,
+    dnsAddr: InetAddress,
+    portMapping: List<Pair<Int, Int>>
 ) {
-    private val natMap = NatMap()
     private val binder = Binder()
 
     private val cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!!
     private val tnm = context.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)!!
 
-    // Create test networks.
-    private val internalIface = tnm.createTunInterface(listOf(internalAddr))
-    private val externalIface = tnm.createTunInterface(listOf(externalAddr))
+    // Create test networks. The needed permissions should be supplied by the callers.
+    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
+    private val internalIface = tnm.createTunInterface(addresses)
+    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
+    private val externalIface = tnm.createTunInterface(addresses)
 
     // Register test networks to ConnectivityService.
     private val internalNetworkCallback: TestableNetworkCallback
     private val externalNetworkCallback: TestableNetworkCallback
+
+    private val internalForwardMap = HashMap<Int, Int>()
+    private val externalForwardMap = HashMap<Int, Int>()
+
     val internalNetwork: Network
     val externalNetwork: Network
     init {
-        val (inCb, inNet) = createTestNetwork(internalIface, internalAddr, dnsAddr)
-        val (exCb, exNet) = createTestNetwork(externalIface, externalAddr, dnsAddr)
+        val (inCb, inNet) = createTestNetwork(internalIface, addresses, dnsAddr)
+        val (exCb, exNet) = createTestNetwork(externalIface, addresses, dnsAddr)
         internalNetworkCallback = inCb
         externalNetworkCallback = exCb
         internalNetwork = inNet
         externalNetwork = exNet
+        for (mapping in portMapping) {
+            internalForwardMap[mapping.first] = mapping.second
+            externalForwardMap[mapping.second] = mapping.first
+        }
     }
 
-    // Setup the packet bridge.
+    // Set up the packet bridge.
     private val internalFd = internalIface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor
     private val externalFd = externalIface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor
 
-    private val pr1 = NatInternalPacketForwarder(
+    private val pr1 = InternalPacketForwarder(
         internalFd,
         1500,
         externalFd,
-        externalAddr.address,
-        natMap
+        internalForwardMap
     )
-    private val pr2 = NatExternalPacketForwarder(
+    private val pr2 = ExternalPacketForwarder(
         externalFd,
         1500,
         internalFd,
-        externalAddr.address,
-        natMap
+        externalForwardMap
     )
 
     fun start() {
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@
      */
     private fun createTestNetwork(
         testIface: TestNetworkInterface,
-        addr: LinkAddress,
+        addresses: List<LinkAddress>,
         dnsAddr: InetAddress
     ): Pair<TestableNetworkCallback, Network> {
         // Make a network request to hold the test network
@@ -120,7 +125,7 @@
         cm.requestNetwork(nr, testCb)
 
         val lp = LinkProperties().apply {
-            addLinkAddress(addr)
+            setLinkAddresses(addresses)
             interfaceName = testIface.interfaceName
             addDnsServer(dnsAddr)
         }
@@ -130,44 +135,4 @@
         val network = testCb.expect<Available>().network
         return testCb to network
     }
-
-    /**
-     * A helper class to maintain the mappings between internal addresses/ports and external
-     * ports.
-     *
-     * This class assigns an unused external port number if the mapping between
-     * srcaddress:srcport:protocol and the external port does not exist yet.
-     *
-     * Note that this class is not thread-safe. The instance of the class needs to be
-     * synchronized in the callers when being used in multiple threads.
-     */
-    class NatMap {
-        data class AddressInfo(val address: InetAddress, val port: Int, val protocol: Int)
-
-        private val mToExternalPort = HashMap<AddressInfo, Int>()
-        private val mFromExternalPort = HashMap<Int, AddressInfo>()
-
-        // Skip well-known port 0~1024.
-        private var nextExternalPort = MIN_PORT_NUMBER
-
-        fun toExternalPort(addr: InetAddress, port: Int, protocol: Int): Int {
-            val info = AddressInfo(addr, port, protocol)
-            val extPort: Int
-            if (!mToExternalPort.containsKey(info)) {
-                extPort = nextExternalPort++
-                if (nextExternalPort > MAX_PORT_NUMBER) {
-                    throw IllegalStateException("Available ports are exhausted")
-                }
-                mToExternalPort[info] = extPort
-                mFromExternalPort[extPort] = info
-            } else {
-                extPort = mToExternalPort[info]!!
-            }
-            return extPort
-        }
-
-        fun fromExternalPort(port: Int): AddressInfo? {
-            return mFromExternalPort[port]
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatPacketForwarderBase.java b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketForwarderBase.java
similarity index 63%
rename from staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatPacketForwarderBase.java
rename to staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketForwarderBase.java
index 0a2b5d4..5c79eb0 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/NatPacketForwarderBase.java
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketForwarderBase.java
@@ -30,16 +30,14 @@
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import androidx.annotation.GuardedBy;
-
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * A class that forwards packets from a {@link TestNetworkInterface} to another
- * {@link TestNetworkInterface} with NAT.
+ * {@link TestNetworkInterface}.
  *
  * For testing purposes, a {@link TestNetworkInterface} provides a {@link FileDescriptor}
  * which allows content injection on the test network. However, this could be hard to use
@@ -54,29 +52,14 @@
  *
  * To make it work, an internal interface and an external interface are defined, where
  * the client might send packets from the internal interface which are originated from
- * multiple addresses to a server that listens on the external address.
- *
- * When forwarding the outgoing packet on the internal interface, a simple NAT mechanism
- * is implemented during forwarding, which will swap the source and destination,
- * but replacing the source address with the external address,
- * e.g. 192.168.1.1:1234 -> 8.8.8.8:80 will be translated into 8.8.8.8:1234 -> 1.2.3.4:80.
- *
- * For the above example, a client who sends http request will have a hallucination that
- * it is talking to a remote server at 8.8.8.8. Also, the server listens on 1.2.3.4 will
- * have a different hallucination that the request is sent from a remote client at 8.8.8.8,
- * to a local address 1.2.3.4.
- *
- * And a NAT mapping is created at the time when the outgoing packet is forwarded.
- * With a different internal source port, the instance learned that when a response with the
- * destination port 1234, it should forward the packet to the internal address 192.168.1.1.
+ * multiple addresses to a server that listens on the different port.
  *
  * For the incoming packet received from external interface, for example a http response sent
  * from the http server, the same mechanism is applied but in a different direction,
- * where the source and destination will be swapped, and the source address will be replaced
- * with the internal address, which is obtained from the NAT mapping described above.
+ * where the source and destination will be swapped.
  */
-public abstract class NatPacketForwarderBase extends Thread {
-    private static final String TAG = "NatPacketForwarder";
+public abstract class PacketForwarderBase extends Thread {
+    private static final String TAG = "PacketForwarder";
     static final int DESTINATION_PORT_OFFSET = 2;
 
     // The source fd to read packets from.
@@ -88,27 +71,14 @@
     // The destination fd to write packets to.
     @NonNull
     final FileDescriptor mDstFd;
-    // The NAT mapping table shared between two NatPacketForwarder instances to map from
-    // the source port to the associated internal address. The map can be read/write from two
-    // different threads on any given time whenever receiving packets on the
-    // {@link TestNetworkInterface}. Thus, synchronize on the object when reading/writing is needed.
-    @GuardedBy("mNatMap")
-    @NonNull
-    final PacketBridge.NatMap mNatMap;
-    // The address of the external interface. See {@link NatPacketForwarder}.
-    @NonNull
-    final InetAddress mExtAddr;
 
+    @NonNull
+    final Map<Integer, Integer> mPortRemapRules;
     /**
-     * Construct a {@link NatPacketForwarderBase}.
+     * Construct a {@link PacketForwarderBase}.
      *
      * This class reads packets from {@code srcFd} of a {@link TestNetworkInterface}, and
-     * forwards them to the {@code dstFd} of another {@link TestNetworkInterface} with
-     * NAT applied. See {@link NatPacketForwarderBase}.
-     *
-     * To apply NAT, the address of the external interface needs to be supplied through
-     * {@code extAddr} to identify the external interface. And a shared NAT mapping table,
-     * {@code natMap} is needed to be shared between these two instances.
+     * forwards them to the {@code dstFd} of another {@link TestNetworkInterface}.
      *
      * Note that this class is not useful if the instance is not managed by a
      * {@link PacketBridge} to set up a two-way communication.
@@ -116,28 +86,50 @@
      * @param srcFd   {@link FileDescriptor} to read packets from.
      * @param mtu     MTU of the test network.
      * @param dstFd   {@link FileDescriptor} to write packets to.
-     * @param extAddr the external address, which is the address of the external interface.
-     *                See {@link NatPacketForwarderBase}.
-     * @param natMap  the NAT mapping table shared between two {@link NatPacketForwarderBase}
-     *                instance.
+     * @param portRemapRules    port remap rules
      */
-    public NatPacketForwarderBase(@NonNull FileDescriptor srcFd, int mtu,
-            @NonNull FileDescriptor dstFd, @NonNull InetAddress extAddr,
-            @NonNull PacketBridge.NatMap natMap) {
+    public PacketForwarderBase(@NonNull FileDescriptor srcFd, int mtu,
+                           @NonNull FileDescriptor dstFd,
+                           @NonNull Map<Integer, Integer> portRemapRules) {
         super(TAG);
         mSrcFd = Objects.requireNonNull(srcFd);
         mBuf = new byte[mtu];
         mDstFd = Objects.requireNonNull(dstFd);
-        mExtAddr = Objects.requireNonNull(extAddr);
-        mNatMap = Objects.requireNonNull(natMap);
+        mPortRemapRules = Objects.requireNonNull(portRemapRules);
     }
 
     /**
      * A method to prepare forwarding packets between two instances of {@link TestNetworkInterface},
-     * which includes re-write addresses, ports and fix up checksums.
-     * Subclasses should override this method to implement a simple NAT.
+     * which includes ports mapping.
+     * Subclasses should override this method to implement the needed port remapping.
+     * For internal forwarder will remapped destination port,
+     * external forwarder will remapped source port.
+     * Example:
+     * An outgoing packet from the internal interface with
+     * source 1.2.3.4:1234 and destination 8.8.8.8:80
+     * might be translated to 8.8.8.8:1234 -> 1.2.3.4:8080 before forwarding.
+     * An outgoing packet from the external interface with
+     * source 1.2.3.4:8080 and destination 8.8.8.8:1234
+     * might be translated to 8.8.8.8:80 -> 1.2.3.4:1234 before forwarding.
      */
-    abstract void preparePacketForForwarding(@NonNull byte[] buf, int len, int version, int proto);
+    abstract void remapPort(@NonNull byte[] buf, int version);
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a potentially remapped port number from a packet.
+     *
+     * @param buf            The packet data as a byte array.
+     * @param transportOffset The offset within the packet where the transport layer port begins.
+     * @return The remapped port if a mapping exists in the internal forwarding map,
+     *         otherwise returns 0 (indicating no remapping).
+     */
+    int getRemappedPort(@NonNull byte[] buf, int transportOffset) {
+        int port = PacketReflectorUtil.getPortAt(buf, transportOffset);
+        return mPortRemapRules.getOrDefault(port, 0);
+    }
+
+    int getTransportOffset(int version) {
+        return version == 4 ? IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH : IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH;
+    }
 
     private void forwardPacket(@NonNull byte[] buf, int len) {
         try {
@@ -147,7 +139,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // Reads one packet from mSrcFd, and writes the packet to the mDstFd for supported protocols.
+    /**
+     * Reads one packet from mSrcFd, and writes the packet to the mDestFd for supported protocols.
+     * This includes:
+     * 1.Address Swapping: Swaps source and destination IP addresses.
+     * 2.Port Remapping: Remap port if necessary.
+     * 3.Checksum Recalculation: Updates IP and transport layer checksums to reflect changes.
+     */
     private void processPacket() {
         final int len = PacketReflectorUtil.readPacket(mSrcFd, mBuf);
         if (len < 1) {
@@ -190,12 +188,19 @@
         if (len < ipHdrLen + transportHdrLen) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected buffer length: " + len);
         }
-        // Re-write addresses, ports and fix up checksums.
-        preparePacketForForwarding(mBuf, len, version, proto);
+
+        // Swap source and destination address.
+        PacketReflectorUtil.swapAddresses(mBuf, version);
+
+        // Remapping the port.
+        remapPort(mBuf, version);
+
+        // Fix IP and Transport layer checksum.
+        PacketReflectorUtil.fixPacketChecksum(mBuf, len, version, proto);
+
         // Send the packet to the destination fd.
         forwardPacket(mBuf, len);
     }
-
     @Override
     public void run() {
         Log.i(TAG, "starting fd=" + mSrcFd + " valid=" + mSrcFd.valid());
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflector.java b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflector.java
index 69392d4..ce20d67 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflector.java
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflector.java
@@ -87,31 +87,6 @@
         mBuf = new byte[mtu];
     }
 
-    private static void swapBytes(@NonNull byte[] buf, int pos1, int pos2, int len) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-            byte b = buf[pos1 + i];
-            buf[pos1 + i] = buf[pos2 + i];
-            buf[pos2 + i] = b;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void swapAddresses(@NonNull byte[] buf, int version) {
-        int addrPos, addrLen;
-        switch (version) {
-            case 4:
-                addrPos = IPV4_ADDR_OFFSET;
-                addrLen = IPV4_ADDR_LENGTH;
-                break;
-            case 6:
-                addrPos = IPV6_ADDR_OFFSET;
-                addrLen = IPV6_ADDR_LENGTH;
-                break;
-            default:
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-        }
-        swapBytes(buf, addrPos, addrPos + addrLen, addrLen);
-    }
-
     // Reflect TCP packets: swap the source and destination addresses, but don't change the ports.
     // This is used by the test to "connect to itself" through the VPN.
     private void processTcpPacket(@NonNull byte[] buf, int version, int len, int hdrLen) {
@@ -120,7 +95,7 @@
         }
 
         // Swap src and dst IP addresses.
-        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+        PacketReflectorUtil.swapAddresses(buf, version);
 
         // Send the packet back.
         writePacket(buf, len);
@@ -134,11 +109,11 @@
         }
 
         // Swap src and dst IP addresses.
-        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+        PacketReflectorUtil.swapAddresses(buf, version);
 
         // Swap dst and src ports.
         int portOffset = hdrLen;
-        swapBytes(buf, portOffset, portOffset + 2, 2);
+        PacketReflectorUtil.swapBytes(buf, portOffset, portOffset + 2, 2);
 
         // Send the packet back.
         writePacket(buf, len);
@@ -160,7 +135,7 @@
 
         // Swap src and dst IP addresses, and send the packet back.
         // This effectively pings the device to see if it replies.
-        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+        PacketReflectorUtil.swapAddresses(buf, version);
         writePacket(buf, len);
 
         // The device should have replied, and buf should now contain a ping response.
@@ -202,7 +177,7 @@
         }
 
         // Now swap the addresses again and reflect the packet. This sends a ping reply.
-        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+        PacketReflectorUtil.swapAddresses(buf, version);
         writePacket(buf, len);
     }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflectorUtil.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflectorUtil.kt
index 498b1a3..ad259c5 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflectorUtil.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketReflectorUtil.kt
@@ -112,3 +112,28 @@
         else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported protocol: $protocol")
     }
 }
+
+fun swapBytes(buf: ByteArray, pos1: Int, pos2: Int, len: Int) {
+    for (i in 0 until len) {
+        val b = buf[pos1 + i]
+        buf[pos1 + i] = buf[pos2 + i]
+        buf[pos2 + i] = b
+    }
+}
+
+fun swapAddresses(buf: ByteArray, version: Int) {
+    val addrPos: Int
+    val addrLen: Int
+    when (version) {
+        4 -> {
+            addrPos = PacketReflector.IPV4_ADDR_OFFSET
+            addrLen = PacketReflector.IPV4_ADDR_LENGTH
+        }
+        6 -> {
+            addrPos = PacketReflector.IPV6_ADDR_OFFSET
+            addrLen = PacketReflector.IPV6_ADDR_LENGTH
+        }
+        else -> throw java.lang.IllegalArgumentException()
+    }
+    swapBytes(buf, addrPos, addrPos + addrLen, addrLen)
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5e91c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils
+
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule
+import org.junit.runner.Description
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement
+
+/**
+ * A JUnit Rule that sets feature flags based on `@FeatureFlag` annotations.
+ *
+ * This rule enables dynamic control of feature flag states during testing.
+ * And restores the original values after performing tests.
+ *
+ * **Usage:**
+ * ```kotlin
+ * class MyTestClass {
+ *   @get:Rule
+ *   val setFeatureFlagsRule = SetFeatureFlagsRule(setFlagsMethod = (name, enabled) -> {
+ *     // Custom handling code.
+ *   }, (name) -> {
+ *     // Custom getter code to retrieve the original values.
+ *   })
+ *
+ *   // ... test methods with @FeatureFlag annotations
+ *   @FeatureFlag("FooBar1", true)
+ *   @FeatureFlag("FooBar2", false)
+ *   @Test
+ *   fun testFooBar() {}
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+class SetFeatureFlagsRule(
+    val setFlagsMethod: (name: String, enabled: Boolean?) -> Unit,
+                          val getFlagsMethod: (name: String) -> Boolean?
+) : TestRule {
+    /**
+     * This annotation marks a test method as requiring a specific feature flag to be configured.
+     *
+     * Use this on test methods to dynamically control feature flag states during testing.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the feature flag.
+     * @param enabled The desired state (true for enabled, false for disabled) of the feature flag.
+     */
+    @Target(AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION)
+    @Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
+    annotation class FeatureFlag(val name: String, val enabled: Boolean = true)
+
+    /**
+     * This method is the core of the rule, executed by the JUnit framework before each test method.
+     *
+     * It retrieves the test method's metadata.
+     * If any `@FeatureFlag` annotation is found, it passes every feature flag's name
+     * and enabled state into the user-specified lambda to apply custom actions.
+     */
+    override fun apply(base: Statement, description: Description): Statement {
+        return object : Statement() {
+            override fun evaluate() {
+                val testMethod = description.testClass.getMethod(description.methodName)
+                val featureFlagAnnotations = testMethod.getAnnotationsByType(
+                    FeatureFlag::class.java
+                )
+
+                val valuesToBeRestored = mutableMapOf<String, Boolean?>()
+                for (featureFlagAnnotation in featureFlagAnnotations) {
+                    valuesToBeRestored[featureFlagAnnotation.name] =
+                            getFlagsMethod(featureFlagAnnotation.name)
+                    setFlagsMethod(featureFlagAnnotation.name, featureFlagAnnotation.enabled)
+                }
+
+                // Execute the test method, which includes methods annotated with
+                // @Before, @Test and @After.
+                base.evaluate()
+
+                valuesToBeRestored.forEach {
+                    setFlagsMethod(it.key, it.value)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestHttpServer.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestHttpServer.kt
index 740bf63..f1f0c1c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestHttpServer.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestHttpServer.kt
@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@
  * A minimal HTTP server running on a random available port.
  *
  * @param host The host to listen to, or null to listen on all hosts
+ * @param port The port to listen to, or 0 to auto select
  */
-class TestHttpServer(host: String? = null) : NanoHTTPD(host, 0 /* auto-select the port */) {
+class TestHttpServer
+    @JvmOverloads constructor(host: String? = null, port: Int = 0) : NanoHTTPD(host, port) {
     // Map of URL path -> HTTP response code
     private val responses = HashMap<Request, Response>()
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
index 05c0444..66362d4 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
             override val network: Network,
             val reason: Int
         ) : CallbackEntry()
+
         // Convenience constants for expecting a type
         companion object {
             @JvmField
@@ -216,7 +217,11 @@
     ) : this(null, timeoutMs, noCallbackTimeoutMs, waiterFunc)
 
     fun createLinkedCopy() = TestableNetworkCallback(
-            this, defaultTimeoutMs, defaultNoCallbackTimeoutMs, waiterFunc)
+        this,
+        defaultTimeoutMs,
+        defaultNoCallbackTimeoutMs,
+        waiterFunc
+    )
 
     // The last available network, or null if any network was lost since the last call to
     // onAvailable. TODO : fix this by fixing the tests that rely on this behavior
@@ -355,17 +360,29 @@
         timeoutMs: Long = defaultTimeoutMs,
         errorMsg: String? = null,
         test: (T) -> Boolean = { true }
-    ) = (poll(timeoutMs) ?: fail("Did not receive ${T::class.simpleName} after ${timeoutMs}ms"))
+    ) = (poll(timeoutMs) ?: failWithErrorReason(errorMsg,
+        "Did not receive ${T::class.simpleName} after ${timeoutMs}ms"))
             .also {
-                if (it !is T) fail("Expected callback ${T::class.simpleName}, got $it")
+                if (it !is T) {
+                    failWithErrorReason(
+                        errorMsg,
+                        "Expected callback ${T::class.simpleName}, got $it"
+                    )
+                }
                 if (ANY_NETWORK !== network && it.network != network) {
-                    fail("Expected network $network for callback : $it")
+                    failWithErrorReason(errorMsg, "Expected network $network for callback : $it")
                 }
                 if (!test(it)) {
-                    fail("${errorMsg ?: "Callback doesn't match predicate"} : $it")
+                    failWithErrorReason(errorMsg, "Callback doesn't match predicate : $it")
                 }
             } as T
 
+    // "Nothing" is the return type to declare a function never returns a value.
+    fun failWithErrorReason(errorMsg: String?, errorReason: String): Nothing {
+        val message = if (errorMsg != null) "$errorMsg : $errorReason" else errorReason
+        fail(message)
+    }
+
     inline fun <reified T : CallbackEntry> expect(
         network: HasNetwork,
         timeoutMs: Long = defaultTimeoutMs,
@@ -402,8 +419,11 @@
         from: Int = mark,
         crossinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }
     ): T = history.poll(timeoutMs, from) { it is T && predicate(it) }.also {
-        assertNotNull(it, "Callback ${T::class} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
-                "Got ${history.backtrace()}")
+        assertNotNull(
+            it,
+            "Callback ${T::class} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
+                "Got ${history.backtrace()}"
+        )
     } as T
 
     @JvmOverloads
@@ -412,8 +432,11 @@
         timeoutMs: Long = defaultTimeoutMs,
         predicate: (cb: T) -> Boolean = { true }
     ) = history.poll(timeoutMs) { type.java.isInstance(it) && predicate(it as T) }.also {
-        assertNotNull(it, "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
-                "Got ${history.backtrace()}")
+        assertNotNull(
+            it,
+            "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
+                "Got ${history.backtrace()}"
+        )
     } as T
 
     fun <T : CallbackEntry> eventuallyExpect(
@@ -422,8 +445,11 @@
         from: Int = mark,
         predicate: (cb: T) -> Boolean = { true }
     ) = history.poll(timeoutMs, from) { type.java.isInstance(it) && predicate(it as T) }.also {
-        assertNotNull(it, "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
-                "Got ${history.backtrace()}")
+        assertNotNull(
+            it,
+            "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
+                "Got ${history.backtrace()}"
+        )
     } as T
 
     // Expects onAvailable and the callbacks that follow it. These are:
@@ -534,8 +560,13 @@
         blockedReason: Int,
         tmt: Long = defaultTimeoutMs
     ) {
-        expectAvailableCallbacks(net, validated = false, suspended = false,
-                blockedReason = blockedReason, tmt = tmt)
+        expectAvailableCallbacks(
+            net,
+            validated = false,
+            suspended = false,
+            blockedReason = blockedReason,
+            tmt = tmt
+        )
         expectCaps(net, tmt) { it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED) }
     }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/ConcurrentUtils.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/ConcurrentUtils.kt
index af4f96d..c6e5f25 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/ConcurrentUtils.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/ConcurrentUtils.kt
@@ -19,10 +19,77 @@
 package com.android.testutils
 
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import java.util.function.Consumer
 import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
 // For Java usage
 fun durationOf(fn: Runnable) = measureTimeMillis { fn.run() }
 
 fun CountDownLatch.await(timeoutMs: Long): Boolean = await(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+
+/**
+ * Quit resources provided as a list by a supplier.
+ *
+ * The supplier may return more resources as the process progresses, for example while interrupting
+ * threads and waiting for them to finish they may spawn more threads, so this implements a
+ * [maxRetryCount] which, in this case, would be the maximum length of the thread chain that can be
+ * terminated.
+ */
+fun <T> quitResources(
+    maxRetryCount: Int,
+    supplier: () -> List<T>,
+    terminator: Consumer<T>
+) {
+    // Run it multiple times since new threads might be generated in a thread
+    // that is about to be terminated
+    for (retryCount in 0 until maxRetryCount) {
+        val resourcesToBeCleared = supplier()
+        if (resourcesToBeCleared.isEmpty()) return
+        for (resource in resourcesToBeCleared) {
+            terminator.accept(resource)
+        }
+    }
+    assertEmpty(supplier())
+}
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of [quitResources] to interrupt and wait for [ExecutorService]s to finish.
+ */
+@JvmOverloads
+fun quitExecutorServices(
+    maxRetryCount: Int,
+    interrupt: Boolean = true,
+    timeoutMs: Long = 10_000L,
+    supplier: () -> List<ExecutorService>
+) {
+    quitResources(maxRetryCount, supplier) { ecs ->
+        if (interrupt) {
+            ecs.shutdownNow()
+        }
+        assertTrue(ecs.awaitTermination(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS),
+            "ExecutorServices did not terminate within timeout")
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of [quitResources] to interrupt and wait for [Thread]s to finish.
+ */
+@JvmOverloads
+fun quitThreads(
+    maxRetryCount: Int,
+    interrupt: Boolean = true,
+    timeoutMs: Long = 10_000L,
+    supplier: () -> List<Thread>
+) {
+    quitResources(maxRetryCount, supplier) { th ->
+        if (interrupt) {
+            th.interrupt()
+        }
+        th.join(timeoutMs)
+        assertFalse(th.isAlive, "Threads did not terminate within timeout.")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/PacketFilter.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/PacketFilter.kt
index 1bb6d68..a73a58a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/PacketFilter.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/PacketFilter.kt
@@ -110,6 +110,12 @@
     override fun test(t: ByteArray) = impl.test(t)
 }
 
+class Icmpv6Filter : Predicate<ByteArray> {
+    private val impl = OffsetFilter(ETHER_TYPE_OFFSET, 0x86.toByte(), 0xdd.toByte() /* IPv6 */).and(
+        OffsetFilter(IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET, 58 /* ICMPv6 */))
+    override fun test(t: ByteArray) = impl.test(t)
+}
+
 /**
  * A [Predicate] that matches ethernet-encapped DHCP packets sent from a DHCP client.
  */
diff --git a/tests/benchmark/Android.bp b/tests/benchmark/Android.bp
index 6ea5347..7854bb5 100644
--- a/tests/benchmark/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/benchmark/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
@@ -40,4 +41,3 @@
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
 }
-
diff --git a/tests/benchmark/src/android/net/netstats/benchmarktests/NetworkStatsTest.kt b/tests/benchmark/src/android/net/netstats/benchmarktests/NetworkStatsTest.kt
index 585157f..57602f1 100644
--- a/tests/benchmark/src/android/net/netstats/benchmarktests/NetworkStatsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/benchmark/src/android/net/netstats/benchmarktests/NetworkStatsTest.kt
@@ -133,7 +133,16 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testReadFromRecorder_manyUids() {
+    fun testReadFromRecorder_manyUids_useDataInput() {
+        doTestReadFromRecorder_manyUids(useFastDataInput = false)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReadFromRecorder_manyUids_useFastDataInput() {
+        doTestReadFromRecorder_manyUids(useFastDataInput = true)
+    }
+
+    fun doTestReadFromRecorder_manyUids(useFastDataInput: Boolean) {
         val mockObserver = mock<NonMonotonicObserver<String>>()
         val mockDropBox = mock<DropBoxManager>()
         testFilesAssets.forEach {
@@ -146,7 +155,9 @@
                 PREFIX_UID,
                 UID_COLLECTION_BUCKET_DURATION_MS,
                 false /* includeTags */,
-                false /* wipeOnError */
+                false /* wipeOnError */,
+                useFastDataInput /* useFastDataInput */,
+                it
             )
             recorder.orLoadCompleteLocked
         }
diff --git a/tests/common/Android.bp b/tests/common/Android.bp
index 7b5c298..e95a81a 100644
--- a/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 // Tests in this folder are included both in unit tests and CTS.
 // They must be fast and stable, and exercise public or test APIs.
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
@@ -93,7 +94,10 @@
     name: "ConnectivityCoverageTests",
     // Tethering started on SDK 30
     min_sdk_version: "30",
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
     defaults: [
         "ConnectivityTestsLatestSdkDefaults",
         "framework-connectivity-internal-test-defaults",
@@ -185,7 +189,7 @@
 // See SuiteModuleLoader.java.
 // TODO: why are the modules separated by + instead of being separate entries in the array?
 mainline_presubmit_modules = [
-        "CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex",
+    "CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex",
 ]
 
 cc_defaults {
@@ -197,3 +201,8 @@
     name: "connectivity-mainline-presubmit-java-defaults",
     test_mainline_modules: mainline_presubmit_modules,
 }
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "connectivity_mainline_test_map",
+    srcs: ["connectivity_mainline_test.map"],
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/connectivity_mainline_test.map b/tests/common/connectivity_mainline_test.map
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..043312e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/connectivity_mainline_test.map
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# Some connectivity tests run on older OS versions, and for those tests, many
+# library dependencies (such as libbase and libc++) need to be linked
+# statically. The tests also need to be linked with a version script to ensure
+# that the statically-linked library isn't exported from the executable, where
+# it would override the shared libraries that the OS itself uses. See
+# b/333438055 for an example of what goes wrong when libc++ is partially
+# exported from an executable.
+{
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index 3a3459b..6eb56c7b 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_USB;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
-
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastV;
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEmpty;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
 import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
-
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -82,25 +81,22 @@
 import android.net.wifi.aware.PeerHandle;
 import android.net.wifi.aware.WifiAwareNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.os.Build;
-import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Range;
-
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil;
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.Mockito;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
 
 @SmallTest
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
@@ -761,6 +757,47 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkSpecifierWithCellularAndSatelliteMultiTransportNc() {
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(1);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build();
+        // Adding a specifier did not crash with 2 transports if it is cellular + satellite
+        assertEquals(specifier, nc.getNetworkSpecifier());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkSpecifierWithWifiAndSatelliteMultiTransportNc() {
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(1);
+        NetworkCapabilities.Builder nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+        nc1.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_SATELLITE).addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Adding multiple transports specifier to crash, apart from cellular + satellite
+        // combination
+        assertThrows("Cannot set NetworkSpecifier on a NetworkCapability with multiple transports!",
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> nc1.build().setNetworkSpecifier(specifier));
+        assertThrows("Cannot set NetworkSpecifier on a NetworkCapability with multiple transports!",
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> nc1.setNetworkSpecifier(specifier));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkSpecifierOnTestWithCellularAndSatelliteMultiTransportNc() {
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(1);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build();
+        // Adding a specifier did not crash with 3 transports , TEST + CELLULAR + SATELLITE and if
+        // one is test
+        assertEquals(specifier, nc.getNetworkSpecifier());
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testSetNetworkSpecifierOnTestMultiTransportNc() {
         final NetworkSpecifier specifier = CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier("eth0");
         NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkTemplateTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
index fd7bd74..1b55be9 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
@@ -62,11 +62,6 @@
             }
         }
 
-        // Verify hidden match rules cannot construct templates.
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
-            NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_PROXY).build()
-        }
-
         // Verify template which matches metered cellular and carrier networks with
         // the given IMSI. See buildTemplateMobileAll and buildTemplateCarrierMetered.
         listOf(MATCH_MOBILE, MATCH_CARRIER).forEach { matchRule ->
@@ -170,9 +165,9 @@
                     assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
                 }
 
-        // Verify template which matches ethernet and bluetooth networks.
+        // Verify template which matches ethernet, bluetooth and proxy networks.
         // See buildTemplateEthernet and buildTemplateBluetooth.
-        listOf(MATCH_ETHERNET, MATCH_BLUETOOTH).forEach { matchRule ->
+        listOf(MATCH_ETHERNET, MATCH_BLUETOOTH, MATCH_PROXY).forEach { matchRule ->
             NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).build().let {
                 val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(matchRule,
                         emptyArray<String>() /*subscriberIds*/, emptyArray<String>(),
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
index ffe0e91..21e34ab 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -49,6 +52,23 @@
 
     private static final InetAddress IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
     private static final InetAddress IPV6_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::");
+    private static final byte[] PUBLIC_KEY_RDATA = new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x02, (byte)0x01,  // flag
+            (byte) 0x03, // protocol
+            (byte) 0x0d, // algorithm
+            // 64-byte public key below
+            (byte) 0xC1, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0xD0, (byte) 0x63, (byte) 0x79, (byte) 0x60,
+            (byte) 0xB9, (byte) 0x8C, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0xCF, (byte) 0xCA,
+            (byte) 0x22, (byte) 0x1D, (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x79, (byte) 0xDA, (byte) 0xC2,
+            (byte) 0x6E, (byte) 0xE5, (byte) 0xB4, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0xE9, (byte) 0x00,
+            (byte) 0x7C, (byte) 0x99, (byte) 0x2E, (byte) 0x19, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0xD8,
+            (byte) 0x97, (byte) 0xC3, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xB0, (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0x64,
+            (byte) 0xD4, (byte) 0x48, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0xD0, (byte) 0xC7, (byte) 0x72,
+            (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0xB0, (byte) 0x3B, (byte) 0x1D, (byte) 0x9D, (byte) 0x6D,
+            (byte) 0x52, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0x88, (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0x76, (byte) 0x9E,
+            (byte) 0x8E, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0x51, (byte) 0x35, (byte) 0x65,
+            (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0xD3
+    };
 
     @Test
     public void testLimits() throws Exception {
@@ -114,8 +134,11 @@
         NsdServiceInfo fullInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
         fullInfo.setServiceName("kitten");
         fullInfo.setServiceType("_kitten._tcp");
+        fullInfo.setSubtypes(Set.of("_thread", "_matter"));
         fullInfo.setPort(4242);
         fullInfo.setHostAddresses(List.of(IPV4_ADDRESS));
+        fullInfo.setHostname("home");
+        fullInfo.setPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY_RDATA);
         fullInfo.setNetwork(new Network(123));
         fullInfo.setInterfaceIndex(456);
         checkParcelable(fullInfo);
@@ -131,6 +154,8 @@
         attributedInfo.setServiceType("_kitten._tcp");
         attributedInfo.setPort(4242);
         attributedInfo.setHostAddresses(List.of(IPV6_ADDRESS, IPV4_ADDRESS));
+        attributedInfo.setHostname("home");
+        attributedInfo.setPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY_RDATA);
         attributedInfo.setAttribute("color", "pink");
         attributedInfo.setAttribute("sound", (new String("にゃあ")).getBytes("UTF-8"));
         attributedInfo.setAttribute("adorable", (String) null);
@@ -149,7 +174,7 @@
         assertFalse(attributedInfo.getAttributes().keySet().contains("sticky"));
     }
 
-    public void checkParcelable(NsdServiceInfo original) {
+    private static void checkParcelable(NsdServiceInfo original) {
         // Write to parcel.
         Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
         Bundle writer = new Bundle();
@@ -166,6 +191,8 @@
         assertEquals(original.getServiceName(), result.getServiceName());
         assertEquals(original.getServiceType(), result.getServiceType());
         assertEquals(original.getHost(), result.getHost());
+        assertEquals(original.getHostname(), result.getHostname());
+        assertArrayEquals(original.getPublicKey(), result.getPublicKey());
         assertTrue(original.getPort() == result.getPort());
         assertEquals(original.getNetwork(), result.getNetwork());
         assertEquals(original.getInterfaceIndex(), result.getInterfaceIndex());
@@ -179,11 +206,20 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void assertEmptyServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo shouldBeEmpty) {
+    private static void assertEmptyServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo shouldBeEmpty) {
         byte[] txtRecord = shouldBeEmpty.getTxtRecord();
         if (txtRecord == null || txtRecord.length == 0) {
             return;
         }
         fail("NsdServiceInfo.getTxtRecord did not return null but " + Arrays.toString(txtRecord));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubtypesValidSubtypesSuccess() {
+        NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
+
+        info.setSubtypes(Set.of("_thread", "_matter"));
+
+        assertEquals(Set.of("_thread", "_matter"), info.getSubtypes());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/OWNERS b/tests/cts/OWNERS
index cb4ca59..acf506d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/OWNERS
+++ b/tests/cts/OWNERS
@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@
 # For incremental changes on EthernetManagerTest to increase coverage for existing behavior and for
 # testing bug fixes.
 per-file net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt = prohr@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
+# Temporary ownership to develop APF CTS tests.
+per-file net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt = prohr@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3ce0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_test_host {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+    // Only compile source java files in this apk.
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        ":ArgumentConstants",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "cts-tradefed",
+        "tradefed",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-build-testing",
+    ],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+    data: [
+        ":CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp",
+        ":CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp2",
+    ],
+    per_testcase_directory: true,
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44f77f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS network policy host test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.LocationCheck" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.cts.netpolicy.NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer" />
+
+    <!-- Enabling change id ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS allows that package to access @TestApi methods -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
+        <option name="run-command" value="am compat enable ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="am compat reset ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd power set-mode 0" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd battery reset" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd netpolicy stop-watching" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.DeviceSetup">
+        <option name="force-skip-system-props" value="true" />
+        <option name="set-global-setting" key="verifier_verify_adb_installs" value="0" />
+        <option name="set-global-setting" key="low_power_standby_enabled" value="0" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <test class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.testtype.JarHostTest" >
+        <option name="jar" value="CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests.jar" />
+        <option name="runtime-hint" value="3m56s" />
+    </test>
+
+    <metrics_collector class="com.android.tradefed.device.metric.FilePullerLogCollector">
+        <option name="directory-keys" value="/sdcard/CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests" />
+        <option name="collect-on-run-ended-only" value="true" />
+    </metrics_collector>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/OWNERS b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea83e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 61373
+# Inherits parent owners
+include platform/frameworks/base:/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/OWNERS
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/TEST_MAPPING b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57ac4f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+  "presubmit-large": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "android.platform.test.annotations.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      // Postsubmit on virtual devices to monitor flakiness of all tests that don't require a
+      // physical device
+      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/common/TrunkStable.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/Android.bp
similarity index 60%
copy from common/TrunkStable.bp
copy to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/Android.bp
index 56938fc..b182090 100644
--- a/common/TrunkStable.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,15 +11,16 @@
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
-//
 
-aconfig_declarations {
-    name: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
-    package: "com.android.net.flags",
-    srcs: ["flags.aconfig"],
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-java_aconfig_library {
-    name: "connectivity_flags_aconfig_lib",
-    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+java_test_helper_library {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAidl",
+    sdk_version: "current",
+    srcs: [
+        "com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/*.aidl",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/IMyService.aidl
similarity index 82%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/IMyService.aidl
index e7b2815..068d9d8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/IMyService.aidl
@@ -14,16 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.app.job.JobInfo;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
 
 interface IMyService {
     void registerBroadcastReceiver();
     int getCounters(String receiverName, String action);
-    String checkNetworkStatus();
+    NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(String customUrl);
     String getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
     void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType);
     void registerNetworkCallback(in NetworkRequest request, in INetworkCallback cb);
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
index 2048bab..38efc7b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
similarity index 78%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
index 19198c5..c6b7a1c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
+
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
 
 interface INetworkStateObserver {
-    void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, String resultData);
+    void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, in NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult);
 
     const int RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED = 0;
     const int RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE = 1;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCheckResult.aidl
similarity index 67%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
copy to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCheckResult.aidl
index 3809534..7aac2ab 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCheckResult.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 
-@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
-}
+@JavaDerive(toString=true)
+parcelable NetworkCheckResult {
+   boolean connected;
+   String details;
+   NetworkInfo networkInfo;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a31c843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAppDefaults",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAidl",
+        "androidx.test.ext.junit",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "androidx.test.uiautomator_uiautomator",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.runner",
+        "android.test.base",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        ":ArgumentConstants",
+    ],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp",
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAppDefaults",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f19e35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
+
+    <application android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyNotificationListenerService"
+             android:label="MyNotificationListenerService"
+             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+         android:targetPackage="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside"/>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
index d9ff539..19e4364 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
similarity index 92%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
index 04d054d..ae226e2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@
         setBatterySaverMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
         setBatterySaverMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Although it should not have access while the screen is off.
         turnScreenOff();
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
         turnScreenOn();
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Goes back to background state.
         finishActivity();
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
         setBatterySaverMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         setBatterySaverMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
         stopForegroundService();
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da633c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
+
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
+
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for default, always-on network restrictions.
+ */
+abstract class AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Before
+    public final void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+        assumeTrue("Feature not enabled", isNetworkBlockedForTopSleepingAndAbove());
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFgsNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testActivityNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inFullAllowlist() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        assertNetworkAccess(true, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inExceptIdleAllowlist() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+
+        addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        assertNetworkAccess(true, null);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
index e0ce4ea..0c8cb70 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE;
 
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 
@@ -62,9 +64,9 @@
         setDozeMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         setDozeMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
         stopForegroundService();
-        assertBackgroundState();
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
     }
 
@@ -136,6 +138,6 @@
     protected void assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         stopForegroundService();
-        assertBackgroundState();
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
similarity index 88%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
index 7cac2af..5435920 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
similarity index 80%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index bb32052..d0203c5 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -14,22 +14,27 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP;
 import static android.app.job.JobScheduler.RESULT_SUCCESS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
 import static android.os.BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_ANY;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.executeShellCommand;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.forceRunJob;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getConnectivityManager;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getContext;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getInstrumentation;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.restrictBackgroundValueToString;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackgroundInternal;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.executeShellCommand;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.forceRunJob;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getConnectivityManager;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getContext;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getInstrumentation;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.restrictBackgroundValueToString;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackgroundInternal;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -38,7 +43,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.app.ActivityManager;
 import android.app.Instrumentation;
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
 import android.app.job.JobInfo;
@@ -48,6 +52,7 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
@@ -62,18 +67,24 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.AmUtils;
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BatteryUtils;
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.DeviceConfigStateHelper;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingRunnable;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.rules.RuleChain;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
  * Superclass for tests related to background network restrictions.
@@ -82,8 +93,10 @@
 public abstract class AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
     public static final String TAG = "RestrictBackgroundNetworkTests";
 
-    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
-    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2";
+    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2";
+    // TODO(b/321797685): Configure it via device-config once it is available.
+    protected static final long PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5);
 
     private static final String TEST_APP2_ACTIVITY_CLASS = TEST_APP2_PKG + ".MyActivity";
     private static final String TEST_APP2_SERVICE_CLASS = TEST_APP2_PKG + ".MyForegroundService";
@@ -91,7 +104,6 @@
 
     private static final ComponentName TEST_JOB_COMPONENT = new ComponentName(
             TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_APP2_JOB_SERVICE_CLASS);
-
     private static final int TEST_JOB_ID = 7357437;
 
     private static final int SLEEP_TIME_SEC = 1;
@@ -100,17 +112,17 @@
     private static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
     private static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
     private static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
     private static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
     // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
     private static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
             "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
 
     private static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
     static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
 
     protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
     protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
@@ -124,10 +136,9 @@
     private static final int SECOND_IN_MS = 1000;
     static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = 15 * SECOND_IN_MS;
 
-    private static int PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
-
     private static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
     private static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
+    private static final String KEY_CUSTOM_URL = TEST_PKG + ".custom_url";
 
     private static final String EMPTY_STRING = "";
 
@@ -148,8 +159,6 @@
     private static final IntentFilter BATTERY_CHANGED_FILTER =
             new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
 
-    private static final String APP_NOT_FOREGROUND_ERROR = "app_not_fg";
-
     protected static final long TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS = 20_000; // 20 sec
 
     private static final long BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
@@ -159,6 +168,7 @@
     protected ConnectivityManager mCm;
     protected int mUid;
     private int mMyUid;
+    private @Nullable String mCustomUrl;
     private MyServiceClient mServiceClient;
     private DeviceConfigStateHelper mDeviceIdleDeviceConfigStateHelper;
     private PowerManager mPowerManager;
@@ -169,9 +179,6 @@
             .around(new MeterednessConfigurationRule());
 
     protected void setUp() throws Exception {
-        // TODO: Annotate these constants with @TestApi instead of obtaining them using reflection
-        PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = (Integer) ActivityManager.class
-                .getDeclaredField("PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE").get(null);
         mInstrumentation = getInstrumentation();
         mContext = getContext();
         mCm = getConnectivityManager();
@@ -180,7 +187,21 @@
         mUid = getUid(TEST_APP2_PKG);
         mMyUid = getUid(mContext.getPackageName());
         mServiceClient = new MyServiceClient(mContext);
-        mServiceClient.bind();
+
+        final Bundle args = InstrumentationRegistry.getArguments();
+        mCustomUrl = args.getString(ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL);
+        if (mCustomUrl != null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Using custom URL " + mCustomUrl + " for network checks");
+        }
+
+        final int bindPriorityFlags;
+        if (Boolean.valueOf(args.getString(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "false"))) {
+            bindPriorityFlags = Context.BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
+        } else {
+            bindPriorityFlags = Context.BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND;
+        }
+        mServiceClient.bind(bindPriorityFlags);
+
         mPowerManager = mContext.getSystemService(PowerManager.class);
         executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy start-watching " + mUid);
         // Some of the test cases assume that Data saver mode is initially disabled, which might not
@@ -204,6 +225,22 @@
         if (null != lock && lock.isHeld()) lock.release();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check if the feature blocking network for top_sleeping and lower priority proc-states is
+     * enabled. This is a manual check because the feature flag infrastructure may not be available
+     * in all the branches that will get this code.
+     * TODO: b/322115994 - Use @RequiresFlagsEnabled with
+     * Flags.FLAG_NETWORK_BLOCKED_FOR_TOP_SLEEPING_AND_ABOVE once the tests are moved to cts.
+     */
+    protected boolean isNetworkBlockedForTopSleepingAndAbove() {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final String output = executeShellCommand("device_config get backstage_power"
+                + " com.android.server.net.network_blocked_for_top_sleeping_and_above");
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(output);
+    }
+
     protected int getUid(String packageName) throws Exception {
         return mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
     }
@@ -282,22 +319,20 @@
                 restrictBackgroundValueToString(Integer.parseInt(status)));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @deprecated The definition of "background" can be ambiguous. Use separate calls to
+     * {@link #assertProcessStateBelow(int)} with
+     * {@link #assertNetworkAccess(boolean, boolean, String)} to be explicit, instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
     protected void assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
-        assertBackgroundState();
-        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed /* expectAvailable */, false /* needScreenOn */);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed, false, null);
     }
 
-    protected void assertForegroundNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(true);
-    }
-
-    protected void assertForegroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
-        assertForegroundState();
-        // We verified that app is in foreground state but if the screen turns-off while
-        // verifying for network access, the app will go into background state (in case app's
-        // foreground status was due to top activity). So, turn the screen on when verifying
-        // network connectivity.
-        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed /* expectAvailable */, true /* needScreenOn */);
+    protected void assertTopNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
+        assertTopState();
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed, true /* needScreenOn */);
     }
 
     protected void assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
@@ -331,75 +366,65 @@
         finishExpeditedJob();
     }
 
-    protected final void assertBackgroundState() throws Exception {
-        final int maxTries = 30;
-        ProcessState state = null;
-        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
-            state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
-            Log.v(TAG, "assertBackgroundState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
-                    + ": " + state);
-            if (isBackground(state.state)) {
-                return;
-            }
-            Log.d(TAG, "App not on background state (" + state + ") on attempt #" + i
-                    + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            // No sleep after the last turn
-            if (i < maxTries) {
-                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
-            }
-        }
-        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on background state after "
-                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the process state of the test app is below, in priority, to the given
+     * {@link android.app.ActivityManager.ProcessState}.
+     */
+    protected final void assertProcessStateBelow(int processState) throws Exception {
+        assertProcessState(ps -> ps.state > processState, null);
     }
 
-    protected final void assertForegroundState() throws Exception {
-        final int maxTries = 30;
-        ProcessState state = null;
-        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
-            state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
-            Log.v(TAG, "assertForegroundState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
-                    + ": " + state);
-            if (!isBackground(state.state)) {
-                return;
-            }
-            Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground state on attempt #" + i
-                    + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            turnScreenOn();
-            // No sleep after the last turn
-            if (i < maxTries) {
-                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
-            }
-        }
-        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground state after "
-                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+    protected final void assertTopState() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessState(ps -> ps.state == PROCESS_STATE_TOP, () -> turnScreenOn());
     }
 
     protected final void assertForegroundServiceState() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessState(ps -> ps.state == PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE, null);
+    }
+
+    private void assertProcessState(Predicate<ProcessState> statePredicate,
+            ThrowingRunnable onRetry) throws Exception {
         final int maxTries = 30;
         ProcessState state = null;
         for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            if (onRetry != null) {
+                onRetry.run();
+            }
             state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
-            Log.v(TAG, "assertForegroundServiceState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #"
-                    + i + ": " + state);
-            if (state.state == PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "assertProcessState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
+                    + ": " + state);
+            if (statePredicate.test(state)) {
                 return;
             }
-            Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground service state on attempt #" + i
+            Log.i(TAG, "App not in desired process state on attempt #" + i
                     + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            // No sleep after the last turn
             if (i < maxTries) {
                 SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
             }
         }
-        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground service state after "
-                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not in the desired process state after " + maxTries
+                + " attempts: " + state);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether an app state should be considered "background" for restriction purposes.
+     * Asserts whether the active network is available or not. If the network is unavailable, also
+     * checks whether it is blocked by the expected error.
+     *
+     * @param expectAllowed expect background network access to be allowed or not.
+     * @param expectedUnavailableError the expected error when {@code expectAllowed} is false. It's
+     *                                 meaningful only when the {@code expectAllowed} is 'false'.
+     *                                 Throws an IllegalArgumentException when {@code expectAllowed}
+     *                                 is true and this parameter is not null. When the
+     *                                 {@code expectAllowed} is 'false' and this parameter is null,
+     *                                 this function does not compare error type of the networking
+     *                                 access failure.
      */
-    protected boolean isBackground(int state) {
-        return state > PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+    protected void assertNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed, String expectedUnavailableError)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (expectAllowed && expectedUnavailableError != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("expectedUnavailableError is not null");
+        }
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed, false, expectedUnavailableError);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -407,12 +432,17 @@
      */
     private void assertNetworkAccess(boolean expectAvailable, boolean needScreenOn)
             throws Exception {
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAvailable, needScreenOn, null);
+    }
+
+    private void assertNetworkAccess(boolean expectAvailable, boolean needScreenOn,
+            @Nullable final String expectedUnavailableError) throws Exception {
         final int maxTries = 5;
         String error = null;
         int timeoutMs = 500;
 
         for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
-            error = checkNetworkAccess(expectAvailable);
+            error = checkNetworkAccess(expectAvailable, expectedUnavailableError);
 
             if (error == null) return;
 
@@ -479,24 +509,25 @@
      *
      * @return error message with the mismatch (or empty if assertion passed).
      */
-    private String checkNetworkAccess(boolean expectAvailable) throws Exception {
-        final String resultData = mServiceClient.checkNetworkStatus();
-        return checkForAvailabilityInResultData(resultData, expectAvailable);
+    private String checkNetworkAccess(boolean expectAvailable,
+            @Nullable final String expectedUnavailableError) throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCheckResult checkResult = mServiceClient.checkNetworkStatus(mCustomUrl);
+        return checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(checkResult, expectAvailable,
+                expectedUnavailableError);
     }
 
-    private String checkForAvailabilityInResultData(String resultData, boolean expectAvailable) {
-        if (resultData == null) {
-            assertNotNull("Network status from app2 is null", resultData);
-        }
-        // Network status format is described on MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus()
-        final String[] parts = resultData.split(NETWORK_STATUS_SEPARATOR);
-        assertEquals("Wrong network status: " + resultData, 5, parts.length);
-        final State state = parts[0].equals("null") ? null : State.valueOf(parts[0]);
-        final DetailedState detailedState = parts[1].equals("null")
-                ? null : DetailedState.valueOf(parts[1]);
-        final boolean connected = Boolean.valueOf(parts[2]);
-        final String connectionCheckDetails = parts[3];
-        final String networkInfo = parts[4];
+    private String checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult,
+            boolean expectAvailable, @Nullable final String expectedUnavailableError) {
+        assertNotNull("NetworkCheckResult from app2 is null", networkCheckResult);
+
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = networkCheckResult.networkInfo;
+        assertNotNull("NetworkInfo from app2 is null", networkInfo);
+
+        final State state = networkInfo.getState();
+        final DetailedState detailedState = networkInfo.getDetailedState();
+
+        final boolean connected = networkCheckResult.connected;
+        final String connectionCheckDetails = networkCheckResult.details;
 
         final StringBuilder errors = new StringBuilder();
         final State expectedState;
@@ -516,6 +547,10 @@
         if (expectedState != state || expectedDetailedState != detailedState) {
             errors.append(String.format("Connection state mismatch: expected %s/%s, got %s/%s\n",
                     expectedState, expectedDetailedState, state, detailedState));
+        } else if (!expectAvailable && (expectedUnavailableError != null)
+                 && !connectionCheckDetails.contains(expectedUnavailableError)) {
+            errors.append("Connection unavailable reason mismatch: expected "
+                     + expectedUnavailableError + "\n");
         }
 
         if (errors.length() > 0) {
@@ -898,33 +933,36 @@
         if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
             startForegroundService();
             assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
-            return;
         } else if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY) {
             turnScreenOn();
             final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
             final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(type);
             final Bundle extras = new Bundle();
-            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result = new ArrayList<>(1);
+            final AtomicReference<Pair<Integer, NetworkCheckResult>> result =
+                    new AtomicReference<>();
             extras.putBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER, getNewNetworkStateObserver(latch, result));
             extras.putBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS, !expectAvailable);
+            extras.putString(KEY_CUSTOM_URL, mCustomUrl);
             launchIntent.putExtras(extras);
             mContext.startActivity(launchIntent);
             if (latch.await(ACTIVITY_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
-                final int resultCode = result.get(0).first;
-                final String resultData = result.get(0).second;
+                final int resultCode = result.get().first;
+                final NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult = result.get().second;
                 if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED) {
-                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInResultData(
-                            resultData, expectAvailable);
+                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(
+                            networkCheckResult, expectAvailable,
+                            null /* expectedUnavailableError */);
                     if (error != null) {
                         fail("Network is not available for activity in app2 (" + mUid + "): "
                                 + error);
                     }
                 } else if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE) {
-                    Log.d(TAG, resultData);
+                    Log.d(TAG, networkCheckResult.details);
                     // App didn't come to foreground when the activity is started, so try again.
-                    assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+                    assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
                 } else {
-                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode + "; received=[" + resultData + "]");
+                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode
+                            + "; networkCheckResult=[" + networkCheckResult + "]");
                 }
             } else {
                 fail("Timed out waiting for network availability status from app2's activity ("
@@ -932,10 +970,12 @@
             }
         } else if (type == TYPE_EXPEDITED_JOB) {
             final Bundle extras = new Bundle();
-            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result = new ArrayList<>(1);
+            final AtomicReference<Pair<Integer, NetworkCheckResult>> result =
+                    new AtomicReference<>();
             final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
             extras.putBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER, getNewNetworkStateObserver(latch, result));
             extras.putBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS, !expectAvailable);
+            extras.putString(KEY_CUSTOM_URL, mCustomUrl);
             final JobInfo jobInfo = new JobInfo.Builder(TEST_JOB_ID, TEST_JOB_COMPONENT)
                     .setExpedited(true)
                     .setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_ANY)
@@ -945,11 +985,12 @@
                     RESULT_SUCCESS, mServiceClient.scheduleJob(jobInfo));
             forceRunJob(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_JOB_ID);
             if (latch.await(JOB_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
-                final int resultCode = result.get(0).first;
-                final String resultData = result.get(0).second;
+                final int resultCode = result.get().first;
+                final NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult = result.get().second;
                 if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED) {
-                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInResultData(
-                            resultData, expectAvailable);
+                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(
+                            networkCheckResult, expectAvailable,
+                            null /* expectedUnavailableError */);
                     if (error != null) {
                         Log.d(TAG, "Network state is unexpected, checking again. " + error);
                         // Right now we could end up in an unexpected state if expedited job
@@ -957,7 +998,8 @@
                         assertNetworkAccess(expectAvailable, false /* needScreenOn */);
                     }
                 } else {
-                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode + "; received=[" + resultData + "]");
+                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode
+                            + "; networkCheckResult=[" + networkCheckResult + "]");
                 }
             } else {
                 fail("Timed out waiting for network availability status from app2's expedited job ("
@@ -1000,11 +1042,12 @@
     }
 
     private Binder getNewNetworkStateObserver(final CountDownLatch latch,
-            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result) {
+            final AtomicReference<Pair<Integer, NetworkCheckResult>> result) {
         return new INetworkStateObserver.Stub() {
             @Override
-            public void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, String resultData) {
-                result.add(Pair.create(resultCode, resultData));
+            public void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode,
+                    NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult) {
+                result.set(Pair.create(resultCode, networkCheckResult));
                 latch.countDown();
             }
         };
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
index f1858d6..6b802f6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class AppIdleMeteredTest extends AbstractAppIdleTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
index e737a6d..2e725ae 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class AppIdleNonMeteredTest extends AbstractAppIdleTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
index c78ca2e..2e421f6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class BatterySaverModeMeteredTest extends AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
index fb52a54..0be5644 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest extends AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..811190f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
+
+
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getUiDevice;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingRunnable;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
+public class ConnOnActivityStartTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+    private static final int TEST_ITERATION_COUNT = 5;
+
+    @Before
+    public final void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        resetDeviceState();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        finishActivity();
+        resetDeviceState();
+    }
+
+    private void resetDeviceState() throws Exception {
+        resetBatteryState();
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        setAppIdle(false);
+        setDozeMode(false);
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    public void testStartActivity_batterySaver() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_batterySaver", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
+    public void testStartActivity_dataSaver() throws Exception {
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_dataSaver", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE})
+    public void testStartActivity_doze() throws Exception {
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+        // TODO (235284115): We need to turn on Doze every time before starting
+        // the activity.
+        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_doze", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE})
+    public void testStartActivity_appStandby() throws Exception {
+        turnBatteryOn();
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+        // TODO (235284115): We need to put the app into app standby mode every
+        // time before starting the activity.
+        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_appStandby", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartActivity_default() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue("Feature not enabled", isNetworkBlockedForTopSleepingAndAbove());
+        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_default", () -> {
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess(String testName,
+            ThrowingRunnable onBeginIteration) throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < TEST_ITERATION_COUNT; ++i) {
+            if (onBeginIteration != null) {
+                onBeginIteration.run();
+            }
+            Log.i(TAG, testName + " start #" + i);
+            launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+            getUiDevice().pressHome();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+            Log.i(TAG, testName + " end #" + i);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
similarity index 93%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
index 2f30536..66e0d00 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.FeatureUtil.isTV;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NO_DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NO_DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
         setRestrictBackground(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
         setRestrictBackground(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Although it should not have access while the screen is off.
         turnScreenOff();
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
         if (isTV()) {
             startActivity();
         }
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Goes back to background state.
         finishActivity();
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
         setRestrictBackground(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         setRestrictBackground(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
         stopForegroundService();
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
index 13bbab6..69ca206 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.clearSnoozeTimestamps;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.clearSnoozeTimestamps;
 
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
similarity index 69%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
copy to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
index 3809534..810fd19 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+public class DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest extends AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest {
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 69%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
copy to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
index 6596269..fef546c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+public class DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest extends AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest {
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
index 4306c99..741dd7e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
index 1e89f15..f343df5 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class DozeModeNonMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
similarity index 92%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
index 07434b1..2dc6cc4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_APP2_PKG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_APP2_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_PKG;
 
 import android.os.Environment;
 import android.os.FileUtils;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
 public class DumpOnFailureRule extends OnFailureRule {
     private File mDumpDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
-            "CtsHostsideNetworkTests");
+            "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests");
 
     @Override
     public void onTestFailure(Statement base, Description description, Throwable throwable) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
index 3809534..d56a50b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class ExpeditedJobMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
index 6596269..0a776ee 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
similarity index 86%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
index 5c99c67..4f4e68e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setupActiveNetworkMeteredness;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setupActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
index c9edda6..b0fa106 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.Log;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
index 0132536..6dc9921 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.app.Notification;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
similarity index 74%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
index 93cc911..71b28f6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.app.job.JobInfo;
 import android.content.ComponentName;
@@ -34,26 +34,30 @@
 
     private Context mContext;
     private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection;
-    private IMyService mService;
+    private volatile IMyService mService;
+    private final ConditionVariable mServiceCondition = new ConditionVariable();
 
     public MyServiceClient(Context context) {
         mContext = context;
     }
 
-    public void bind() {
+    /**
+     * Binds to a service in the test app to communicate state.
+     * @param bindPriorityFlags Flags to influence the process-state of the bound app.
+     */
+    public void bind(int bindPriorityFlags) {
         if (mService != null) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Already bound");
         }
-
-        final ConditionVariable cv = new ConditionVariable();
         mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
             @Override
             public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                 mService = IMyService.Stub.asInterface(service);
-                cv.open();
+                mServiceCondition.open();
             }
             @Override
             public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+                mServiceCondition.close();
                 mService = null;
             }
         };
@@ -63,12 +67,8 @@
         // Needs to use BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND so app2 does not run in
         // the same process state as app
         mContext.bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE
-                | Context.BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND);
-        cv.block(TIMEOUT_MS);
-        if (mService == null) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Could not bind to MyService service after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
-        }
+                | bindPriorityFlags);
+        ensureServiceConnection();
     }
 
     public void unbind() {
@@ -77,37 +77,57 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void ensureServiceConnection() {
+        if (mService != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mServiceCondition.block(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        if (mService == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Could not bind to MyService service after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+        }
+    }
+
     public void registerBroadcastReceiver() throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
         mService.registerBroadcastReceiver();
     }
 
     public int getCounters(String receiverName, String action) throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
         return mService.getCounters(receiverName, action);
     }
 
-    public String checkNetworkStatus() throws RemoteException {
-        return mService.checkNetworkStatus();
+    /** Retrieves the network state as observed from the bound test app */
+    public NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(String address) throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
+        return mService.checkNetworkStatus(address);
     }
 
     public String getRestrictBackgroundStatus() throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
         return mService.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
     }
 
     public void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType)
             throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
         mService.sendNotification(notificationId, notificationType);
     }
 
     public void registerNetworkCallback(final NetworkRequest request, INetworkCallback cb)
             throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
         mService.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
     }
 
     public void unregisterNetworkCallback() throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
         mService.unregisterNetworkCallback();
     }
 
     public int scheduleJob(JobInfo jobInfo) throws RemoteException {
+        ensureServiceConnection();
         return mService.scheduleJob(jobInfo);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
similarity index 67%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
index ab3cf14..7038d02 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
@@ -14,16 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getActiveNetworkCapabilities;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getActiveNetworkCapabilities;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
@@ -32,13 +34,18 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -46,6 +53,9 @@
 public class NetworkCallbackTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
     private Network mNetwork;
     private final TestNetworkCallback mTestNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private static final String GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER = "dns.google";
+
     @Rule
     public final MeterednessConfigurationRule mMeterednessConfiguration
             = new MeterednessConfigurationRule();
@@ -138,12 +148,22 @@
         public Network expectAvailableCallbackAndGetNetwork() {
             final CallbackInfo cb = nextCallback(TEST_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
             if (cb.state != CallbackState.AVAILABLE) {
-                fail("Network is not available. Instead obtained the following callback :"
-                        + cb);
+                fail("Network is not available. Instead obtained the following callback :" + cb);
             }
             return cb.network;
         }
 
+        public void drainAndWaitForIdle() {
+            try {
+                do {
+                    mCallbacks.drainTo(new ArrayList<>());
+                } while (mCallbacks.poll(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) != null);
+            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Interrupted while draining callback queue", ie);
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            }
+        }
+
         public void expectBlockedStatusCallback(Network expectedNetwork, boolean expectBlocked) {
             expectCallback(CallbackState.BLOCKED_STATUS, expectedNetwork, expectBlocked);
         }
@@ -197,6 +217,7 @@
         // Initial state
         setBatterySaverMode(false);
         setRestrictBackground(false);
+        setAppIdle(false);
 
         // Get transports of the active network, this has to be done before changing meteredness,
         // since wifi will be disconnected when changing from non-metered to metered.
@@ -217,7 +238,27 @@
         // Check that the network is metered.
         mTestNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesCallbackEventually(mNetwork,
                 false /* hasCapability */, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
-        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.drainAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Before Android T, DNS queries over private DNS should be but are not restricted by Power
+        // Saver or Data Saver. The issue is fixed in mainline update and apps can no longer request
+        // DNS queries when its network is restricted by Power Saver. The fix takes effect backwards
+        // starting from Android T. But for Data Saver, the fix is not backward compatible since
+        // there are some platform changes involved. It is only available on devices that a specific
+        // trunk flag is enabled.
+        //
+        // This test can not only verify that the network traffic from apps is blocked at the right
+        // time, but also verify whether it is correctly blocked at the DNS stage, or at a later
+        // socket connection stage.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            // Enable private DNS
+            mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+            mCtsNetUtils.storePrivateDnsSetting();
+            mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
+            mCtsNetUtils.awaitPrivateDnsSetting(
+                    "NetworkCallbackTest wait private DNS setting timeout", mNetwork,
+                    GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER, true);
+        }
     }
 
     @After
@@ -227,6 +268,10 @@
         setRestrictBackground(false);
         setBatterySaverMode(false);
         unregisterNetworkCallback();
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && (mCtsNetUtils != null)) {
+            mCtsNetUtils.restorePrivateDnsSetting();
+        }
     }
 
     @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE})
@@ -235,6 +280,8 @@
         try {
             // Enable restrict background
             setRestrictBackground(true);
+            // TODO: Verify expectedUnavailableError when aconfig support mainline.
+            // (see go/aconfig-in-mainline-problems)
             assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
             assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, true /* metered */);
             mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
@@ -247,6 +294,7 @@
 
             // Remove from whitelist
             removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            // TODO: Verify expectedUnavailableError when aconfig support mainline.
             assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
             assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, true /* metered */);
             mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
@@ -278,7 +326,12 @@
         try {
             // Enable Power Saver
             setBatterySaverMode(true);
-            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+                assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+                assertNetworkAccess(false, "java.net.UnknownHostException");
+            } else {
+                assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            }
             mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
             assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, true /* metered */);
 
@@ -298,7 +351,12 @@
         try {
             // Enable Power Saver
             setBatterySaverMode(true);
-            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+                assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+                assertNetworkAccess(false, "java.net.UnknownHostException");
+            } else {
+                assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            }
             mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
             assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, false /* metered */);
 
@@ -312,6 +370,58 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_default() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue("Feature not enabled", isNetworkBlockedForTopSleepingAndAbove());
+
+        try {
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+            assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+            assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, true /* metered */);
+
+            launchActivity();
+            assertTopState();
+            assertNetworkAccess(true, null);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, false);
+            assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(false, mUid, true /* metered */);
+
+            finishActivity();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
+            assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, true /* metered */);
+
+        } finally {
+            mMeterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+
+        // Set to non-metered network
+        mMeterednessConfiguration.configureNetworkMeteredness(false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesCallbackEventually(mNetwork,
+                true /* hasCapability */, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        try {
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+            assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+            assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, false /* metered */);
+
+            launchActivity();
+            assertTopState();
+            assertNetworkAccess(true, null);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, false);
+            assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(false, mUid, false /* metered */);
+
+            finishActivity();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
+            assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, false /* metered */);
+        } finally {
+            mMeterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+    }
+
     // TODO: 1. test against VPN lockdown.
     //       2. test against multiple networks.
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
similarity index 81%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
index a0d88c9..9b3fe9f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -14,19 +14,24 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -137,13 +142,13 @@
 
             // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and mUid will be allowed temporarily.
             launchActivity();
-            assertForegroundState();
+            assertTopState();
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
                     false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_TMP_ALLOWLIST
 
             // Back to background.
             finishActivity();
-            assertBackgroundState();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
                     true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_BG_RESTRICT
         } finally {
@@ -219,11 +224,11 @@
             // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() will
             // return false.
             launchActivity();
-            assertForegroundState();
+            assertTopState();
             assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
             // Back to background.
             finishActivity();
-            assertBackgroundState();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
 
             // Add mUid into restrict background whitelist and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks()
             // will return false.
@@ -237,4 +242,33 @@
             assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_whenInBackground() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue("Feature not enabled", isNetworkBlockedForTopSleepingAndAbove());
+
+        try {
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED, true /* expectedResult */);
+            assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED));
+
+            launchActivity();
+            assertTopState();
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED, false /* expectedResult */);
+            assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED));
+
+            finishActivity();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED, true /* expectedResult */);
+            assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED));
+
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED, false /* expectedResult */);
+            assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED));
+        } finally {
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
index f340907..0207b00 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
index 5331601..26a88f2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 import static android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration.METERED_OVERRIDE_NONE;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/Property.java
similarity index 72%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/Property.java
index 18805f9..a03833f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/Property.java
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isActiveNetworkMetered;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDataSaverSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isLowRamDevice;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isActiveNetworkMetered;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDataSaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isLowRamDevice;
 
 public enum Property {
     BATTERY_SAVER_MODE(1 << 0) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
index 96838bb..799a513 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
 import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
index 01f9f3e..5dea67c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
 
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
similarity index 94%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
index 35f1f1c..f183f4e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
         // go to foreground state and enable restricted mode
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
         setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(false);
 
         // go to background state
         finishActivity();
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         // disable restricted mode and assert network access in foreground and background states
         setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // go to background state
         finishActivity();
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef0b06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp2",
+    defaults: ["cts_support_defaults"],
+    platform_apis: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAidl",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+    certificate: ":cts-netpolicy-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668f2da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+     Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" />
+
+    <!--
+     This application is used to listen to RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED intents and store
+     them in a shared preferences which is then read by the test app. These broadcasts are
+     handled by 2 listeners, one defined the manifest and another dynamically registered by
+     a service.
+
+     The manifest-defined listener also handles ordered broadcasts used to share data with the
+     test app.
+
+     This application also provides a service, RemoteSocketFactoryService, that the test app can
+     use to open sockets to remote hosts as a different user ID.
+    -->
+    <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
+            android:testOnly="true"
+            android:debuggable="true">
+
+        <activity android:name=".MyActivity"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyService"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyForegroundService"
+             android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
+                      android:value="Connectivity" />
+        </service>
+        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.GET_COUNTERS"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.GET_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.CHECK_NETWORK"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SEND_NOTIFICATION"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST"/>
+                </intent-filter>
+        </receiver>
+        <service android:name=".MyJobService"
+            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE" />
+    </application>
+
+    <!--
+      Adding this to make sure that receiving the broadcast is not restricted by
+      package visibility restrictions.
+    -->
+    <queries>
+        <package android:name="android" />
+    </queries>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/Common.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/Common.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1719f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/Common.java
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_OTHER;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.AsyncTask;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
+
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public final class Common {
+
+    static final String TAG = "CtsNetApp2";
+
+    // Constants below must match values defined on app's
+    // AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+    static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
+    static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
+
+    static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
+    static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
+    static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
+    static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
+    // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
+    static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
+            "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_TEST_URL =
+            "https://connectivitycheck.android.com/generate_204";
+
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN = "FULL_SCREEN";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE = "BUNDLE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION = "ACTION";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE = "ACTION_BUNDLE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT = "ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT";
+
+    static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside";
+    static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
+    static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
+    static final String KEY_CUSTOM_URL =  TEST_PKG + ".custom_url";
+
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY = 0;
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = 1;
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB = 2;
+    private static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = (int) TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10);
+
+    static int getUid(Context context) {
+        final String packageName = context.getPackageName();
+        try {
+            return context.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
+        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not get UID for " + packageName, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkCheckResult createNetworkCheckResult(boolean connected, String details,
+            NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
+        final NetworkCheckResult checkResult = new NetworkCheckResult();
+        checkResult.connected = connected;
+        checkResult.details = details;
+        checkResult.networkInfo = networkInfo;
+        return checkResult;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean validateComponentState(Context context, int componentType,
+            INetworkStateObserver observer) throws RemoteException {
+        final ActivityManager activityManager = context.getSystemService(ActivityManager.class);
+        switch (componentType) {
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY: {
+                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
+                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
+                            createNetworkCheckResult(false, "Unexpected procstate: " + procState,
+                                    null));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE: {
+                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
+                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
+                            createNetworkCheckResult(false, "Unexpected procstate: " + procState,
+                                    null));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB: {
+                final int capabilities = activityManager.getUidProcessCapabilities(Process.myUid());
+                if ((capabilities
+                        & ActivityManager.PROCESS_CAPABILITY_POWER_RESTRICTED_NETWORK) == 0) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES,
+                            createNetworkCheckResult(false,
+                                    "Unexpected capabilities: " + capabilities, null));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            default: {
+                observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_OTHER,
+                        createNetworkCheckResult(false, "Unknown component type: " + componentType,
+                                null));
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Intent intent, int componentType) {
+        if (intent == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
+        notifyNetworkStateObserver(context, extras, componentType);
+    }
+
+    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Bundle extras, int componentType) {
+        if (extras == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final INetworkStateObserver observer = INetworkStateObserver.Stub.asInterface(
+                extras.getBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER));
+        if (observer != null) {
+            final String customUrl = extras.getString(KEY_CUSTOM_URL);
+            try {
+                final boolean skipValidation = extras.getBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS);
+                if (!skipValidation && !validateComponentState(context, componentType, observer)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while informing the validation result: " + e);
+            }
+            AsyncTask.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
+                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED,
+                            checkNetworkStatus(context, customUrl));
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while notifying the observer: " + e);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the network is available by attempting a connection to the given address
+     * and returns a {@link NetworkCheckResult} object containing all the relevant details for
+     * debugging. Uses a default address if the given address is {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * The returned object has the following fields:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>{@code connected}: whether or not the connection was successful.
+     * <li>{@code networkInfo}: the {@link NetworkInfo} describing the current active network as
+     * visible to this app.
+     * <li>{@code details}: A human readable string giving useful information about the success or
+     * failure.
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    static NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(Context context, String customUrl) {
+        final String address = (customUrl == null) ? DEFAULT_TEST_URL : customUrl;
+
+        // The current Android DNS resolver returns an UnknownHostException whenever network access
+        // is blocked. This can get cached in the current process-local InetAddress cache. Clearing
+        // the cache before attempting a connection ensures we never report a failure due to a
+        // negative cache entry.
+        InetAddress.clearDnsCache();
+
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+        Log.d(TAG, "Running checkNetworkStatus() on thread "
+                + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " for UID " + getUid(context)
+                + "\n\tactiveNetworkInfo: " + networkInfo + "\n\tURL: " + address);
+        boolean checkStatus = false;
+        String checkDetails = "N/A";
+        try {
+            final URL url = new URL(address);
+            final HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+            conn.setReadTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            conn.setConnectTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS / 2);
+            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
+            conn.connect();
+            final int response = conn.getResponseCode();
+            checkStatus = true;
+            checkDetails = "HTTP response for " + address + ": " + response;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            checkStatus = false;
+            checkDetails = "Exception getting " + address + ": " + e;
+        }
+        final NetworkCheckResult result = createNetworkCheckResult(checkStatus, checkDetails,
+                networkInfo);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Offering: " + result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
index aa58ff9..d274c50 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY;
 
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27aec8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SHOW_TOAST;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.MANIFEST_RECEIVER;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.Notification.Action;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.RemoteInput;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.SharedPreferences;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+/**
+ * Receiver used to:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>Count number of {@code RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED} broadcasts received.
+ *   <li>Show a toast.
+ * </ol>
+ */
+public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+
+    private final String mName;
+
+    public MyBroadcastReceiver() {
+        this(MANIFEST_RECEIVER);
+    }
+
+    MyBroadcastReceiver(String name) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Constructing MyBroadcastReceiver named " + name);
+        mName = name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "onReceive() for " + mName + ": " + intent);
+        final String action = intent.getAction();
+        switch (action) {
+            case ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING:
+                increaseCounter(context, action);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED:
+                increaseCounter(context, action);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_RECEIVER_READY:
+                final String message = mName + " is ready to rumble";
+                Log.d(TAG, message);
+                setResultData(message);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_SHOW_TOAST:
+                showToast(context);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "received unexpected action: " + action);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "[MyBroadcastReceiver: mName=" + mName + "]";
+    }
+
+    private void increaseCounter(Context context, String action) {
+        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getApplicationContext()
+                .getSharedPreferences(mName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0) + 1;
+        Log.d(TAG, "increaseCounter('" + action + "'): setting '" + mName + "' to " + value);
+        prefs.edit().putInt(action, value).apply();
+    }
+
+    static int getCounter(Context context, String action, String receiverName) {
+        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(receiverName,
+                Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0);
+        Log.d(TAG, "getCounter('" + action + "', '" + receiverName + "'): " + value);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    static String getRestrictBackgroundStatus(Context context) {
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) context
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        final int apiStatus = cm.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+        Log.d(TAG, "getRestrictBackgroundStatus: returning " + apiStatus);
+        return String.valueOf(apiStatus);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends a system notification containing actions with pending intents to launch the app's
+     * main activitiy or service.
+     */
+    static void sendNotification(Context context, String channelId, int notificationId,
+            String notificationType ) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "sendNotification: id=" + notificationId + ", type=" + notificationType);
+        final Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, MyService.class);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0, serviceIntent,
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE);
+        final Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
+        bundle.putCharSequence("parcelable", "I am not");
+
+        final Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
+                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification);
+
+        Action action = null;
+        switch (notificationType) {
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT:
+                builder
+                    .setContentTitle("Light, Cameras...")
+                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE:
+                builder.setDeleteIntent(pendingIntent);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN:
+                builder.setFullScreenIntent(pendingIntent, true);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum P.I. (Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
+                builder.setExtras(bundle);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION:
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION", pendingIntent)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum A.P.I. (Action Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH BUNDLE", null)
+                        .addExtras(bundle)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum R.I. (Remote Input)", null);
+                final RemoteInput remoteInput = new RemoteInput.Builder("RI")
+                    .addExtras(bundle)
+                    .build();
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH REMOTE INPUT", pendingIntent)
+                        .addRemoteInput(remoteInput)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown notification type: " + notificationType);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        final Notification notification = builder.build();
+        ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
+            .notify(notificationId, notification);
+    }
+
+    private void showToast(Context context) {
+        Toast.makeText(context, "Toast from CTS test", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        setResultData("Shown");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
similarity index 87%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
index b55761c..54cee3c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TEST_PKG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TEST_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 
 import android.R;
 import android.app.Notification;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
 
 /**
  * Service used to change app state to FOREGROUND_SERVICE.
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
index 8c112b6..eba55ed 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_JOB;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_JOB;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB;
 
 import android.app.job.JobParameters;
 import android.app.job.JobService;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyService.java
similarity index 88%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyService.java
index 3ed5391..71bcead 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyService.java
@@ -13,15 +13,14 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.DYNAMIC_RECEIVER;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_EXPORTED;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.DYNAMIC_RECEIVER;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
 
 import android.app.NotificationChannel;
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
@@ -39,8 +38,9 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IMyService;
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.IMyService;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 /**
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@
 
     // TODO: move MyBroadcast static functions here - they were kept there to make git diff easier.
 
-    private IMyService.Stub mBinder =
-        new IMyService.Stub() {
-
+    private IMyService.Stub mBinder = new IMyService.Stub() {
         @Override
         public void registerBroadcastReceiver() {
             if (mReceiver != null) {
@@ -83,8 +81,8 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public String checkNetworkStatus() {
-            return MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus(getApplicationContext());
+        public NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(String customUrl) {
+            return Common.checkNetworkStatus(getApplicationContext(), customUrl);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType) {
-            MyBroadcastReceiver .sendNotification(getApplicationContext(), NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
+            MyBroadcastReceiver.sendNotification(getApplicationContext(), NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
                     notificationId, notificationType);
         }
 
@@ -170,7 +168,7 @@
                     .getSystemService(JobScheduler.class);
             return jobScheduler.schedule(jobInfo);
         }
-      };
+    };
 
     @Override
     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfbc341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_app_certificate {
+    name: "cts-netpolicy-app",
+    certificate: "cts-net-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/README b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/README
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/certs/README
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/README
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.pk8 b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
diff --git a/common/TrunkStable.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/Android.bp
similarity index 63%
rename from common/TrunkStable.bp
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/Android.bp
index 56938fc..cdede36 100644
--- a/common/TrunkStable.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,15 +11,12 @@
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
-//
 
-aconfig_declarations {
-    name: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
-    package: "com.android.net.flags",
-    srcs: ["flags.aconfig"],
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-java_aconfig_library {
-    name: "connectivity_flags_aconfig_lib",
-    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+filegroup {
+    name: "ArgumentConstants",
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
similarity index 66%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
copy to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
index 6596269..0fe98e9 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+public interface InstrumentationArguments {
+    String ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY = "waive_bind_priority";
+    String ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL = "connection_check_custom_url";
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
similarity index 67%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
index 849ac7c..422231d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
 
 import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
 
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.AfterClassWithInfo;
@@ -26,9 +27,12 @@
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-@SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
-public class HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
     private static final String TEST_CLASS = TEST_PKG + ".ConnOnActivityStartTest";
+
     @BeforeClassWithInfo
     public static void setUpOnce(TestInformation testInfo) throws Exception {
         uninstallPackage(testInfo, TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
@@ -42,22 +46,29 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_batterySaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_batterySaver");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_batterySaver");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_dataSaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_dataSaver");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_dataSaver");
     }
 
     @FlakyTest(bugId = 231440256)
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_doze() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_doze");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_doze");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_appStandby() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_appStandby");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_appStandby");
+    }
+
+    // TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side test.
+    @Test
+    public void testStartActivity_default() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_default",
+                Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62952bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+
+import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
+
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+// TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side tests.
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
+    private static final String METERED_TEST_CLASS = TEST_PKG + ".DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest";
+    private static final String NON_METERED_TEST_CLASS =
+            TEST_PKG + ".DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest";
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    private void runMeteredTest(String methodName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, METERED_TEST_CLASS, methodName,
+                Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
+    }
+
+    private void runNonMeteredTest(String methodName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, NON_METERED_TEST_CLASS, methodName,
+                Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_testActivityNetworkAccess()
+            throws Exception {
+        runMeteredTest("testActivityNetworkAccess");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_testFgsNetworkAccess()
+            throws Exception {
+        runMeteredTest("testFgsNetworkAccess");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_inFullAllowlist() throws Exception {
+        runMeteredTest("testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inFullAllowlist");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_inExceptIdleAllowlist()
+            throws Exception {
+        runMeteredTest("testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inExceptIdleAllowlist");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_testActivityNetworkAccess()
+            throws Exception {
+        runNonMeteredTest("testActivityNetworkAccess");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_testFgsNetworkAccess()
+            throws Exception {
+        runNonMeteredTest("testFgsNetworkAccess");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_inFullAllowlist() throws Exception {
+        runNonMeteredTest("testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inFullAllowlist");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonMeteredNetworkAccess_defaultRestrictions_inExceptIdleAllowlist()
+            throws Exception {
+        runNonMeteredTest("testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inExceptIdleAllowlist");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
similarity index 65%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
index 04bd1ad..2c2b118 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
@@ -13,16 +13,20 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+
+import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-@SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
-public class HostsideNetworkCallbackTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideNetworkCallbackTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -37,14 +41,21 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_dataSaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_dataSaver");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_powerSaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_powerSaver");
     }
+
+    // TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side test.
+    @Test
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_default() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest",
+                "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_default", Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
+    }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
similarity index 72%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
index 3ddb88b..8ffe360 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
@@ -14,13 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
@@ -34,41 +38,49 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withUidNotBlocked() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withUidNotBlocked");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest", "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withRestrictedNetworkingMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withRestrictedNetworkingMode");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest", "testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks");
     }
+
+    // TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side test.
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_whenInBackground() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
+                "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_whenInBackground",
+                Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6de6b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
+import com.android.tradefed.config.Option;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
+import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.BuildError;
+import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TargetSetupError;
+import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.AfterClassWithInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BaseHostJUnit4Test;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BeforeClassWithInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.DeviceTestRunOptions;
+import com.android.tradefed.util.RunUtil;
+
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@RunWith(DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
+abstract class HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase extends BaseHostJUnit4Test {
+    protected static final boolean DEBUG = false;
+    protected static final String TAG = "HostsideNetworkPolicyTests";
+    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside";
+    protected static final String TEST_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp.apk";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp2.apk";
+
+    @Option(name = "custom-url", importance = Option.Importance.IF_UNSET,
+            description = "A custom url to use for testing network connections")
+    protected String mCustomUrl;
+
+    @BeforeClassWithInfo
+    public static void setUpOnceBase(TestInformation testInfo) throws Exception {
+        uninstallPackage(testInfo, TEST_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(testInfo, TEST_APK);
+    }
+
+    @AfterClassWithInfo
+    public static void tearDownOnceBase(TestInformation testInfo)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        uninstallPackage(testInfo, TEST_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    // Custom static method to install the specified package, this is used to bypass auto-cleanup
+    // per test in BaseHostJUnit4.
+    protected static void installPackage(TestInformation testInfo, String apk)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException, TargetSetupError {
+        assertNotNull(testInfo);
+        final int userId = testInfo.getDevice().getCurrentUser();
+        final SuiteApkInstaller installer = new SuiteApkInstaller();
+        // Force the apk clean up
+        installer.setCleanApk(true);
+        installer.addTestFileName(apk);
+        installer.setUserId(userId);
+        installer.setShouldGrantPermission(true);
+        installer.addInstallArg("-t");
+        try {
+            installer.setUp(testInfo);
+        } catch (BuildError e) {
+            throw new TargetSetupError(
+                    e.getMessage(), e, testInfo.getDevice().getDeviceDescriptor(), e.getErrorId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void installPackage(String apk) throws DeviceNotAvailableException, TargetSetupError {
+        installPackage(getTestInformation(), apk);
+    }
+
+    protected static void uninstallPackage(TestInformation testInfo, String packageName,
+            boolean shouldSucceed)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        assertNotNull(testInfo);
+        final String result = testInfo.getDevice().uninstallPackage(packageName);
+        if (shouldSucceed) {
+            assertNull("uninstallPackage(" + packageName + ") failed: " + result, result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void uninstallPackage(String packageName,
+            boolean shouldSucceed)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        uninstallPackage(getTestInformation(), packageName, shouldSucceed);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertPackageUninstalled(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final String command = "cmd package list packages " + packageName;
+        final int max_tries = 5;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= max_tries; i++) {
+            final String result = runCommand(command);
+            if (result.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // 'list packages' filters by substring, so we need to iterate with the results
+            // and check one by one, otherwise 'com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside' could return
+            // 'com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2'
+            boolean found = false;
+            for (String line : result.split("[\\r\\n]+")) {
+                if (line.endsWith(packageName)) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.v(TAG, "Package " + packageName + " not uninstalled yet (" + result
+                    + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
+            RunUtil.getDefault().sleep(1000);
+        }
+        fail("Package '" + packageName + "' not uinstalled after " + max_tries + " seconds");
+    }
+
+    protected int getUid(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final int currentUser = getDevice().getCurrentUser();
+        final String uidLines = runCommand(
+                "cmd package list packages -U --user " + currentUser + " " + packageName);
+        for (String uidLine : uidLines.split("\n")) {
+            if (uidLine.startsWith("package:" + packageName + " uid:")) {
+                final String[] uidLineParts = uidLine.split(":");
+                // 3rd entry is package uid
+                return Integer.parseInt(uidLineParts[2].trim());
+            }
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to find the test app on the device; pkg="
+                + packageName + ", u=" + currentUser);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(String packageName, String className)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        return runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(packageName, className, null);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(String packageName, String className,
+            String methodName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        return runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(packageName, className, methodName, null);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(String packageName, String className,
+            String methodName, Map<String, String> testArgs) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final DeviceTestRunOptions deviceTestRunOptions = new DeviceTestRunOptions(packageName)
+                .setTestClassName(className)
+                .setTestMethodName(methodName);
+
+        // Currently there is only one custom option that the test exposes.
+        if (mCustomUrl != null) {
+            deviceTestRunOptions.addInstrumentationArg(ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL, mCustomUrl);
+        }
+        // Pass over any test specific arguments.
+        if (testArgs != null) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> arg : testArgs.entrySet()) {
+                deviceTestRunOptions.addInstrumentationArg(arg.getKey(), arg.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        return runDeviceTests(deviceTestRunOptions);
+    }
+
+    protected String runCommand(String command) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Command: '" + command + "'");
+        final String output = getDevice().executeShellCommand(command);
+        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Output: " + output.trim());
+        return output;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
similarity index 76%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
index 9c3751d..0261c7d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.SecurityTest;
 
 import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.util.RunUtil;
 
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-@SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
-public class HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     @SecurityTest
     @Test
     public void testDataWarningReceiver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataWarningReceiverTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataWarningReceiverTest",
                 "testSnoozeWarningNotReceived");
     }
 
@@ -56,25 +56,25 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_blacklisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_blacklisted");
     }
 
@@ -97,13 +97,13 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_requiredWhitelistedPackages() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_requiredWhitelistedPackages");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_broadcastNotSentOnUnsupportedDevices() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testBroadcastNotSentOnUnsupportedDevices");
     }
 
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
@@ -149,19 +149,19 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
@@ -171,31 +171,31 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_tempWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_tempWhitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_idleWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_idleWhitelisted");
     }
 
@@ -206,51 +206,51 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_tempWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_tempWhitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_idleWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_idleWhitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_whenCharging() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_whenCharging");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_whenCharging() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_whenCharging");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdle_toast() throws Exception {
         // Check that showing a toast doesn't bring an app out of standby
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdle_toast");
     }
 
@@ -260,25 +260,25 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction");
     }
 
@@ -289,26 +289,26 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction()
             throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction");
     }
 
@@ -318,55 +318,55 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_meteredNetwork() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDataAndBatterySaverModes_meteredNetwork");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_nonMeteredNetwork() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDataAndBatterySaverModes_nonMeteredNetwork");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeAndBatterySaverMode_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDozeAndBatterySaverMode_powerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeAndAppIdle_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDozeAndAppIdle_powerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeAndAppIdle_appIdleWhitelist() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDozeAndAppIdle_appIdleWhitelist");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists");
     }
 
@@ -376,13 +376,13 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testNetworkAccess_restrictedMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
                 "testNetworkAccess");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testNetworkAccess_restrictedMode_withBatterySaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
                 "testNetworkAccess_withBatterySaver");
     }
 
@@ -392,12 +392,12 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testMeteredNetworkAccess_expeditedJob() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobMeteredTest");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobMeteredTest");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testNonMeteredNetworkAccess_expeditedJob() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest");
     }
 
     /*******************
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
index 23aca24..cbf2f4d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
index e55ba63..14d5d54 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
@@ -12,17 +12,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-next_app_data = [ ":CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext" ]
+next_app_data = [":CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext"]
 
 // The above line is put in place to prevent any future automerger merge conflict between aosp,
 // downstream branches. The CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext target will not exist in
 // some downstream branches, but it should exist in aosp and some downstream branches.
 
-
-
-
-
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -30,7 +27,9 @@
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTests",
     defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
     // Only compile source java files in this apk.
-    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+    ],
     libs: [
         "net-tests-utils-host-device-common",
         "cts-tradefed",
@@ -43,7 +42,9 @@
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
-        "sts"
+        "mcts-tethering",
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "sts",
     ],
     data: [
         ":CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
index 90b7875..ea6b078 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
 
     <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.LocationCheck" />
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.cts.net.NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer" />
 
     <!-- Enabling change id ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS allows that package to access @TestApi methods -->
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
@@ -30,12 +29,12 @@
         <option name="teardown-command" value="am compat reset ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2" />
         <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd power set-mode 0" />
         <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd battery reset" />
-        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd netpolicy stop-watching" />
     </target_preparer>
 
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.DeviceSetup">
         <option name="force-skip-system-props" value="true" />
         <option name="set-global-setting" key="verifier_verify_adb_installs" value="0" />
+        <option name="set-global-setting" key="low_power_standby_enabled" value="0" />
     </target_preparer>
 
     <test class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.testtype.JarHostTest" >
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS b/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 20bc55e..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-# Bug component: 61373
-# Inherits parent owners
-sudheersai@google.com
-jchalard@google.com
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
index 2751f6f..33761dc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -20,9 +21,7 @@
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
     sdk_version: "current",
     srcs: [
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl",
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl",
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl",
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.java",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
index 470bb17..919e025 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -35,7 +36,9 @@
         "android.test.runner",
         "android.test.base",
     ],
-    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+    ],
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
index ca3397b..e0f4cdc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -43,14 +43,6 @@
                 <action android:name="android.net.VpnService"/>
             </intent-filter>
         </service>
-        <service android:name=".MyNotificationListenerService"
-             android:label="MyNotificationListenerService"
-             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE"
-             android:exported="true">
-            <intent-filter>
-                <action android:name="android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService"/>
-            </intent-filter>
-        </service>
     </application>
 
     <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 10775d0..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
-
-
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getUiDevice;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ConnOnActivityStartTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
-    private static final int TEST_ITERATION_COUNT = 5;
-
-    @Before
-    public final void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-        resetDeviceState();
-    }
-
-    @After
-    public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        super.tearDown();
-        resetDeviceState();
-    }
-
-    private void resetDeviceState() throws Exception {
-        resetBatteryState();
-        setBatterySaverMode(false);
-        setRestrictBackground(false);
-        setAppIdle(false);
-        setDozeMode(false);
-    }
-
-
-    @Test
-    @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
-    public void testStartActivity_batterySaver() throws Exception {
-        setBatterySaverMode(true);
-        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_batterySaver");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
-    public void testStartActivity_dataSaver() throws Exception {
-        setRestrictBackground(true);
-        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_dataSaver");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE})
-    public void testStartActivity_doze() throws Exception {
-        setDozeMode(true);
-        // TODO (235284115): We need to turn on Doze every time before starting
-        // the activity.
-        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_doze");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE})
-    public void testStartActivity_appStandby() throws Exception {
-        turnBatteryOn();
-        setAppIdle(true);
-        // TODO (235284115): We need to put the app into app standby mode every
-        // time before starting the activity.
-        assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_appStandby");
-    }
-
-    private void assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess(String testName) throws Exception {
-        for (int i = 0; i < TEST_ITERATION_COUNT; ++i) {
-            Log.i(TAG, testName + " start #" + i);
-            launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
-            getUiDevice().pressHome();
-            assertBackgroundState();
-            Log.i(TAG, testName + " end #" + i);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index 454940f..e88c105 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@
 import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 import static com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS_INT;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@
 import android.database.Cursor;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -91,6 +95,7 @@
 import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
 import android.net.util.KeepaliveUtils;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
@@ -120,6 +125,8 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectUtil;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback;
@@ -217,6 +224,7 @@
     private WifiManager mWifiManager;
     private RemoteSocketFactoryClient mRemoteSocketFactoryClient;
     private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private ConnectUtil mConnectUtil;
     private PackageManager mPackageManager;
     private Context mTestContext;
     private Context mTargetContext;
@@ -230,9 +238,13 @@
     // The registered callbacks.
     private List<NetworkCallback> mRegisteredCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
 
-    @Rule
+    @Rule(order = 1)
     public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mDevSdkIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
+    @Rule(order = 2)
+    public final AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
+            mNetworkCallbackRule = new AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule();
+
     private boolean supportedHardware() {
         final PackageManager pm = getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
         return !pm.hasSystemFeature("android.hardware.type.watch");
@@ -262,14 +274,15 @@
         mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.bind();
         mDevice.waitForIdle();
         mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mTestContext);
+        mConnectUtil = new ConnectUtil(mTestContext);
         mPackageManager = mTestContext.getPackageManager();
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
     }
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         restorePrivateDnsSetting();
         mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.unbind();
-        mCtsNetUtils.tearDown();
         Log.i(TAG, "Stopping VPN");
         stopVpn();
         unregisterRegisteredCallbacks();
@@ -879,17 +892,14 @@
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
     public void testChangeUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
         final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final boolean isWifiEnabled = mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
         testAndCleanup(() -> {
             // Ensure both of wifi and mobile data are connected.
-            final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
-            assertTrue("Wifi is not connected", (wifiNetwork != null));
-            final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
-            assertTrue("Mobile data is not connected", (cellNetwork != null));
+            final Network wifiNetwork = mConnectUtil.ensureWifiValidated();
+            final Network cellNetwork = mNetworkCallbackRule.requestCell();
             // Store current default network.
             final Network defaultNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
             // Start VPN and set empty array as its underlying networks.
@@ -938,7 +948,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDefault() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && (
                 SystemProperties.getInt("persist.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1
                         || SystemProperties.getInt("service.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1)) {
@@ -970,11 +979,18 @@
                 registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(otherUid, otherUidCallback, h);
                 registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.myUid(), myUidCallback, h);
             }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-            for (TestableNetworkCallback callback :
-                    List.of(systemDefaultCallback, otherUidCallback, myUidCallback)) {
+            for (TestableNetworkCallback callback : List.of(systemDefaultCallback, myUidCallback)) {
                 callback.expectAvailableCallbacks(defaultNetwork, false /* suspended */,
                         true /* validated */, false /* blocked */, TIMEOUT_MS);
             }
+            // On V+, ConnectivityService generates blockedReasons based on bpf map contents even if
+            // the otherUid does not exist on device. So if the background chain is enabled,
+            // otherUid is blocked.
+            final boolean isOtherUidBlocked = SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()
+                    && runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> mCM.getFirewallChainEnabled(
+                            FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND));
+            otherUidCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(defaultNetwork, false /* suspended */,
+                    true /* validated */, isOtherUidBlocked, TIMEOUT_MS);
         }
 
         FileDescriptor fd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
@@ -1017,8 +1033,8 @@
             // This needs to be done before testing  private DNS because checkStrictModePrivateDns
             // will set the private DNS server to a nonexistent name, which will cause validation to
             // fail and could cause the default network to switch (e.g., from wifi to cellular).
-            systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
-            otherUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+            assertNoCallbackExceptCapOrLpChange(systemDefaultCallback);
+            assertNoCallbackExceptCapOrLpChange(otherUidCallback);
         }
 
         checkStrictModePrivateDns();
@@ -1026,10 +1042,13 @@
         receiver.unregisterQuietly();
     }
 
+    private void assertNoCallbackExceptCapOrLpChange(TestableNetworkCallback callback) {
+        callback.assertNoCallback(c -> !(c instanceof CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
+                || c instanceof CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testAppAllowed() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
-
         FileDescriptor fd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
@@ -1137,8 +1156,6 @@
     }
 
     private void doTestAutomaticOnOffKeepaliveMode(final boolean closeSocket) throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
-
         // Get default network first before starting VPN
         final Network defaultNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         final TestableNetworkCallback cb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
@@ -1226,8 +1243,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAppDisallowed() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
-
         FileDescriptor localFd = openSocketFd(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
         FileDescriptor remoteFd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
@@ -1260,8 +1275,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSocketClosed() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
-
         final FileDescriptor localFd = openSocketFd(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
         final List<FileDescriptor> remoteFds = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -1285,7 +1298,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testExcludedRoutes() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
 
         // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
@@ -1306,8 +1318,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testIncludedRoutes() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
-
         // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
         String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
         startVpn(new String[]{"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
@@ -1325,7 +1335,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testInterleavedRoutes() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
 
         // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
@@ -1353,8 +1362,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
-
         DatagramSocket s;
         InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
         s = new DatagramSocket();
@@ -1375,7 +1382,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetProxy() throws  Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
         // Receiver for the proxy change broadcast.
         BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
@@ -1415,7 +1421,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetProxyDisallowedApps() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
 
         String disallowedApps = mPackageName;
@@ -1441,7 +1446,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
         BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
         proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
@@ -1476,7 +1480,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testBindToNetworkWithProxy() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         String allowedApps = mPackageName;
         Network initialNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
@@ -1501,9 +1504,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testVpnMeterednessWithNoUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) {
-            return;
-        }
         // VPN is not routing any traffic i.e. its underlying networks is an empty array.
         ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
         String allowedApps = mPackageName;
@@ -1533,9 +1533,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) {
-            return;
-        }
         Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
@@ -1562,9 +1559,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) {
-            return;
-        }
         Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
@@ -1604,9 +1598,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) {
-            return;
-        }
         Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
@@ -1631,9 +1622,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) {
-            return;
-        }
         Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
@@ -1671,9 +1659,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testB141603906() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) {
-            return;
-        }
         final InetSocketAddress src = new InetSocketAddress(0);
         final InetSocketAddress dst = new InetSocketAddress(0);
         final int NUM_THREADS = 8;
@@ -1781,8 +1766,6 @@
      */
     @Test
     public void testDownloadWithDownloadManagerDisallowed() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
-
         // Start a VPN with DownloadManager package in disallowed list.
         startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
                 new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
@@ -1838,7 +1821,6 @@
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     public void testBlockIncomingPackets() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         final Network network = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         assertNotNull("Requires a working Internet connection", network);
 
@@ -1907,7 +1889,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetVpnDefaultForUids() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastU());
 
         final Network defaultNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
@@ -1953,6 +1934,81 @@
             });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check if packets to a VPN interface's IP arriving on a non-VPN interface are dropped or not.
+     * If the test interface has a different address from the VPN interface, packets must be dropped
+     * If the test interface has the same address as the VPN interface, packets must not be
+     * dropped
+     *
+     * @param duplicatedAddress true to bring up the test interface with the same address as the VPN
+     *                          interface
+     */
+    private void doTestDropPacketToVpnAddress(final boolean duplicatedAddress)
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .build();
+        final CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback callback = new CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCM.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor srcTunFd = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            final TestNetworkManager tnm = mTestContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+            List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = duplicatedAddress
+                    ? List.of(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/24"),
+                            new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1:2::ffe/64")) :
+                    List.of(new LinkAddress("198.51.100.2/24"),
+                            new LinkAddress("2001:db8:3:4::ffe/64"));
+            final TestNetworkInterface iface = tnm.createTunInterface(linkAddresses);
+            tnm.setupTestNetwork(iface.getInterfaceName(), new Binder());
+            return iface.getFileDescriptor();
+        }, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+        final Network testNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull(testNetwork);
+        final DatagramSocket dstSock = new DatagramSocket();
+
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                    new String[]{"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"} /* routes */,
+                    "" /* allowedApplications */, "" /* disallowedApplications */,
+                    null /* proxyInfo */, null /* underlyingNetworks */,
+                    false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+            final FileDescriptor dstUdpFd = dstSock.getFileDescriptor$();
+            checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd.getFileDescriptor(), dstUdpFd,
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2") /* dstAddress */,
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1") /* srcAddress */,
+                    duplicatedAddress ? EXPECT_PASS : EXPECT_BLOCK);
+            checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd.getFileDescriptor(), dstUdpFd,
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1:2::ffe") /* dstAddress */,
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1:2::ffa") /* srcAddress */,
+                    duplicatedAddress ? EXPECT_PASS : EXPECT_BLOCK);
+
+            // Traffic on VPN should not be affected
+            checkTrafficOnVpn();
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+                srcTunFd.close();
+                dstSock.close();
+            }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+                runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                    mTestContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class)
+                            .teardownTestNetwork(testNetwork);
+                }, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+            }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+                mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            });
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testDropPacketToVpnAddress_WithoutDuplicatedAddress() throws Exception {
+        doTestDropPacketToVpnAddress(false /* duplicatedAddress */);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testDropPacketToVpnAddress_WithDuplicatedAddress() throws Exception {
+        doTestDropPacketToVpnAddress(true /* duplicatedAddress */);
+    }
+
     private ByteBuffer buildIpv4UdpPacket(final Inet4Address dstAddr, final Inet4Address srcAddr,
             final short dstPort, final short srcPort, final byte[] payload) throws IOException {
 
@@ -1996,7 +2052,8 @@
     private void checkBlockUdp(
             final FileDescriptor srcTunFd,
             final FileDescriptor dstUdpFd,
-            final boolean ipv6,
+            final InetAddress dstAddress,
+            final InetAddress srcAddress,
             final boolean expectBlock) throws Exception {
         final Random random = new Random();
         final byte[] sendData = new byte[100];
@@ -2004,15 +2061,15 @@
         final short dstPort = (short) ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(dstUdpFd)).getPort();
 
         ByteBuffer buf;
-        if (ipv6) {
+        if (dstAddress instanceof Inet6Address) {
             buf = buildIpv6UdpPacket(
-                    (Inet6Address) TEST_IP6_DST_ADDR.getAddress(),
-                    (Inet6Address) TEST_IP6_SRC_ADDR.getAddress(),
+                    (Inet6Address) dstAddress,
+                    (Inet6Address) srcAddress,
                     dstPort, TEST_SRC_PORT, sendData);
         } else {
             buf = buildIpv4UdpPacket(
-                    (Inet4Address) TEST_IP4_DST_ADDR.getAddress(),
-                    (Inet4Address) TEST_IP4_SRC_ADDR.getAddress(),
+                    (Inet4Address) dstAddress,
+                    (Inet4Address) srcAddress,
                     dstPort, TEST_SRC_PORT, sendData);
         }
 
@@ -2038,8 +2095,10 @@
             final FileDescriptor srcTunFd,
             final FileDescriptor dstUdpFd,
             final boolean expectBlock) throws Exception {
-        checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd, dstUdpFd, false /* ipv6 */, expectBlock);
-        checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd, dstUdpFd, true /* ipv6 */, expectBlock);
+        checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd, dstUdpFd, TEST_IP4_DST_ADDR.getAddress(),
+                TEST_IP4_SRC_ADDR.getAddress(), expectBlock);
+        checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd, dstUdpFd, TEST_IP6_DST_ADDR.getAddress(),
+                TEST_IP6_SRC_ADDR.getAddress(), expectBlock);
     }
 
     private class DetailedBlockedStatusCallback extends TestableNetworkCallback {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
index db92f5c..ad25562 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -34,5 +35,4 @@
         "general-tests",
         "sts",
     ],
-    certificate: ":cts-net-app",
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
index 2c2d957..412b307 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -40,33 +40,8 @@
     <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
             android:testOnly="true"
             android:debuggable="true">
-
-        <activity android:name=".MyActivity"
-             android:exported="true"/>
-        <service android:name=".MyService"
-             android:exported="true"/>
-        <service android:name=".MyForegroundService"
-             android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"
-             android:exported="true">
-            <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" 
-                      android:value="Connectivity" />
-        </service>
         <service android:name=".RemoteSocketFactoryService"
              android:exported="true"/>
-
-        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
-             android:exported="true">
-            <intent-filter>
-                <action android:name="android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.GET_COUNTERS"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.GET_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.CHECK_NETWORK"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SEND_NOTIFICATION"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST"/>
-                </intent-filter>
-        </receiver>
-        <service android:name=".MyJobService"
-            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE" />
     </application>
 
     <!--
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 37dc7a0..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
-
-import android.app.ActivityManager;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
-import android.os.AsyncTask;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.Process;
-import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
-
-public final class Common {
-
-    static final String TAG = "CtsNetApp2";
-
-    // Constants below must match values defined on app's
-    // AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
-    static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
-    static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
-
-    static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
-    static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
-    static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
-    static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
-    // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
-    static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
-            "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
-
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN = "FULL_SCREEN";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE = "BUNDLE";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION = "ACTION";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE = "ACTION_BUNDLE";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT = "ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT";
-
-    static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
-    static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
-    static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
-
-    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY = 0;
-    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = 1;
-    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB = 2;
-
-    static int getUid(Context context) {
-        final String packageName = context.getPackageName();
-        try {
-            return context.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
-        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not get UID for " + packageName, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static boolean validateComponentState(Context context, int componentType,
-            INetworkStateObserver observer) throws RemoteException {
-        final ActivityManager activityManager = context.getSystemService(ActivityManager.class);
-        switch (componentType) {
-            case TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY: {
-                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
-                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
-                            "Unexpected procstate: " + procState);
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            case TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE: {
-                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
-                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
-                            "Unexpected procstate: " + procState);
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            case TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB: {
-                final int capabilities = activityManager.getUidProcessCapabilities(Process.myUid());
-                if ((capabilities
-                        & ActivityManager.PROCESS_CAPABILITY_POWER_RESTRICTED_NETWORK) == 0) {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES,
-                            "Unexpected capabilities: " + capabilities);
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            default: {
-                observer.onNetworkStateChecked(INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_OTHER,
-                        "Unknown component type: " + componentType);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Intent intent, int componentType) {
-        if (intent == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-        final Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
-        notifyNetworkStateObserver(context, extras, componentType);
-    }
-
-    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Bundle extras, int componentType) {
-        if (extras == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-        final INetworkStateObserver observer = INetworkStateObserver.Stub.asInterface(
-                extras.getBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER));
-        if (observer != null) {
-            try {
-                final boolean skipValidation = extras.getBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS);
-                if (!skipValidation && !validateComponentState(context, componentType, observer)) {
-                    return;
-                }
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while informing the validation result: " + e);
-            }
-            AsyncTask.execute(() -> {
-                try {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED,
-                            MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus(context));
-                } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while notifying the observer: " + e);
-                }
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 825f2c9..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,277 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
-
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
-
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SHOW_TOAST;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.MANIFEST_RECEIVER;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.getUid;
-
-import android.app.Notification;
-import android.app.Notification.Action;
-import android.app.NotificationManager;
-import android.app.PendingIntent;
-import android.app.RemoteInput;
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.SharedPreferences;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.NetworkInfo;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.util.Log;
-import android.widget.Toast;
-
-import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.URL;
-
-/**
- * Receiver used to:
- * <ol>
- *   <li>Count number of {@code RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED} broadcasts received.
- *   <li>Show a toast.
- * </ol>
- */
-public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
-
-    private static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 1000;
-
-    private final String mName;
-
-    public MyBroadcastReceiver() {
-        this(MANIFEST_RECEIVER);
-    }
-
-    MyBroadcastReceiver(String name) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "Constructing MyBroadcastReceiver named " + name);
-        mName = name;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "onReceive() for " + mName + ": " + intent);
-        final String action = intent.getAction();
-        switch (action) {
-            case ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING:
-                increaseCounter(context, action);
-                break;
-            case ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED:
-                increaseCounter(context, action);
-                break;
-            case ACTION_RECEIVER_READY:
-                final String message = mName + " is ready to rumble";
-                Log.d(TAG, message);
-                setResultData(message);
-                break;
-            case ACTION_SHOW_TOAST:
-                showToast(context);
-                break;
-            default:
-                Log.e(TAG, "received unexpected action: " + action);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return "[MyBroadcastReceiver: mName=" + mName + "]";
-    }
-
-    private void increaseCounter(Context context, String action) {
-        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getApplicationContext()
-                .getSharedPreferences(mName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
-        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0) + 1;
-        Log.d(TAG, "increaseCounter('" + action + "'): setting '" + mName + "' to " + value);
-        prefs.edit().putInt(action, value).apply();
-    }
-
-    static int getCounter(Context context, String action, String receiverName) {
-        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(receiverName,
-                Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
-        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0);
-        Log.d(TAG, "getCounter('" + action + "', '" + receiverName + "'): " + value);
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    static String getRestrictBackgroundStatus(Context context) {
-        final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) context
-                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        final int apiStatus = cm.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
-        Log.d(TAG, "getRestrictBackgroundStatus: returning " + apiStatus);
-        return String.valueOf(apiStatus);
-    }
-
-    private static final String NETWORK_STATUS_TEMPLATE = "%s|%s|%s|%s|%s";
-    /**
-     * Checks whether the network is available and return a string which can then be send as a
-     * result data for the ordered broadcast.
-     *
-     * <p>
-     * The string has the following format:
-     *
-     * <p><pre><code>
-     * NetinfoState|NetinfoDetailedState|RealConnectionCheck|RealConnectionCheckDetails|Netinfo
-     * </code></pre>
-     *
-     * <p>Where:
-     *
-     * <ul>
-     * <li>{@code NetinfoState}: enum value of {@link NetworkInfo.State}.
-     * <li>{@code NetinfoDetailedState}: enum value of {@link NetworkInfo.DetailedState}.
-     * <li>{@code RealConnectionCheck}: boolean value of a real connection check (i.e., an attempt
-     *     to access an external website.
-     * <li>{@code RealConnectionCheckDetails}: if HTTP output core or exception string of the real
-     *     connection attempt
-     * <li>{@code Netinfo}: string representation of the {@link NetworkInfo}.
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * For example, if the connection was established fine, the result would be something like:
-     * <p><pre><code>
-     * CONNECTED|CONNECTED|true|200|[type: WIFI[], state: CONNECTED/CONNECTED, reason: ...]
-     * </code></pre>
-     *
-     */
-    // TODO: now that it uses Binder, it counl return a Bundle with the data parts instead...
-    static String checkNetworkStatus(Context context) {
-        final ConnectivityManager cm =
-                (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        // TODO: connect to a hostside server instead
-        final String address = "http://example.com";
-        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
-        Log.d(TAG, "Running checkNetworkStatus() on thread "
-                + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " for UID " + getUid(context)
-                + "\n\tactiveNetworkInfo: " + networkInfo + "\n\tURL: " + address);
-        boolean checkStatus = false;
-        String checkDetails = "N/A";
-        try {
-            final URL url = new URL(address);
-            final HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
-            conn.setReadTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
-            conn.setConnectTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS / 2);
-            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
-            conn.setDoInput(true);
-            conn.connect();
-            final int response = conn.getResponseCode();
-            checkStatus = true;
-            checkDetails = "HTTP response for " + address + ": " + response;
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            checkStatus = false;
-            checkDetails = "Exception getting " + address + ": " + e;
-        }
-        // If the app tries to make a network connection in the foreground immediately after
-        // trying to do the same when it's network access was blocked, it could receive a
-        // UnknownHostException due to the cached DNS entry. So, clear the dns cache after
-        // every network access for now until we have a fix on the platform side.
-        InetAddress.clearDnsCache();
-        Log.d(TAG, checkDetails);
-        final String state, detailedState;
-        if (networkInfo != null) {
-            state = networkInfo.getState().name();
-            detailedState = networkInfo.getDetailedState().name();
-        } else {
-            state = detailedState = "null";
-        }
-        final String status = String.format(NETWORK_STATUS_TEMPLATE, state, detailedState,
-                Boolean.valueOf(checkStatus), checkDetails, networkInfo);
-        Log.d(TAG, "Offering " + status);
-        return status;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sends a system notification containing actions with pending intents to launch the app's
-     * main activitiy or service.
-     */
-    static void sendNotification(Context context, String channelId, int notificationId,
-            String notificationType ) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "sendNotification: id=" + notificationId + ", type=" + notificationType);
-        final Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, MyService.class);
-        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0, serviceIntent,
-                PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE);
-        final Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
-        bundle.putCharSequence("parcelable", "I am not");
-
-        final Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
-                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification);
-
-        Action action = null;
-        switch (notificationType) {
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT:
-                builder
-                    .setContentTitle("Light, Cameras...")
-                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE:
-                builder.setDeleteIntent(pendingIntent);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN:
-                builder.setFullScreenIntent(pendingIntent, true);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE:
-                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum P.I. (Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
-                builder.setExtras(bundle);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION:
-                action = new Action.Builder(
-                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION", pendingIntent)
-                        .build();
-                builder.addAction(action);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE:
-                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum A.P.I. (Action Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
-                action = new Action.Builder(
-                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH BUNDLE", null)
-                        .addExtras(bundle)
-                        .build();
-                builder.addAction(action);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT:
-                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum R.I. (Remote Input)", null);
-                final RemoteInput remoteInput = new RemoteInput.Builder("RI")
-                    .addExtras(bundle)
-                    .build();
-                action = new Action.Builder(
-                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH REMOTE INPUT", pendingIntent)
-                        .addRemoteInput(remoteInput)
-                        .build();
-                builder.addAction(action);
-                break;
-            default:
-                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown notification type: " + notificationType);
-                return;
-        }
-
-        final Notification notification = builder.build();
-        ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
-            .notify(notificationId, notification);
-    }
-
-    private void showToast(Context context) {
-        Toast.makeText(context, "Toast from CTS test", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-        setResultData("Shown");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 60b5476..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
-}
-
-android_app_certificate {
-    name: "cts-net-app",
-    certificate: "cts-net-app",
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp
index 2aa3f69..100b6e4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -39,8 +40,8 @@
 android_test_helper_app {
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppWithoutProperty",
     defaults: [
-           "cts_support_defaults",
-           "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppDefaults"
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppDefaults",
     ],
     manifest: "AndroidManifestWithoutProperty.xml",
 }
@@ -48,8 +49,8 @@
 android_test_helper_app {
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppWithProperty",
     defaults: [
-           "cts_support_defaults",
-           "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppDefaults"
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppDefaults",
     ],
     manifest: "AndroidManifestWithProperty.xml",
 }
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@
 android_test_helper_app {
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppSdk33",
     defaults: [
-           "cts_support_defaults",
-           "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppDefaults"
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppDefaults",
     ],
     target_sdk_version: "33",
     manifest: "AndroidManifestWithoutProperty.xml",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
index 3358fd7..69d61b3 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
-import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.testing.DeviceSdkLevel;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
@@ -31,14 +29,11 @@
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.AfterClassWithInfo;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BaseHostJUnit4Test;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BeforeClassWithInfo;
-import com.android.tradefed.util.RunUtil;
 
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
 @RunWith(DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
 abstract class HostsideNetworkTestCase extends BaseHostJUnit4Test {
-    protected static final boolean DEBUG = false;
-    protected static final String TAG = "HostsideNetworkTests";
     protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
     protected static final String TEST_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp.apk";
     protected static final String TEST_APK_NEXT = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext.apk";
@@ -100,56 +95,4 @@
             throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
         uninstallPackage(getTestInformation(), packageName, shouldSucceed);
     }
-
-    protected void assertPackageUninstalled(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException,
-            InterruptedException {
-        final String command = "cmd package list packages " + packageName;
-        final int max_tries = 5;
-        for (int i = 1; i <= max_tries; i++) {
-            final String result = runCommand(command);
-            if (result.trim().isEmpty()) {
-                return;
-            }
-            // 'list packages' filters by substring, so we need to iterate with the results
-            // and check one by one, otherwise 'com.android.cts.net.hostside' could return
-            // 'com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2'
-            boolean found = false;
-            for (String line : result.split("[\\r\\n]+")) {
-                if (line.endsWith(packageName)) {
-                    found = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!found) {
-                return;
-            }
-            i++;
-            Log.v(TAG, "Package " + packageName + " not uninstalled yet (" + result
-                    + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
-            RunUtil.getDefault().sleep(1000);
-        }
-        fail("Package '" + packageName + "' not uinstalled after " + max_tries + " seconds");
-    }
-
-    protected int getUid(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        final int currentUser = getDevice().getCurrentUser();
-        final String uidLines = runCommand(
-                "cmd package list packages -U --user " + currentUser + " " + packageName);
-        for (String uidLine : uidLines.split("\n")) {
-            if (uidLine.startsWith("package:" + packageName + " uid:")) {
-                final String[] uidLineParts = uidLine.split(":");
-                // 3rd entry is package uid
-                return Integer.parseInt(uidLineParts[2].trim());
-            }
-        }
-        throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to find the test app on the device; pkg="
-                + packageName + ", u=" + currentUser);
-    }
-
-    protected String runCommand(String command) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        Log.d(TAG, "Command: '" + command + "'");
-        final String output = getDevice().executeShellCommand(command);
-        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Output: " + output.trim());
-        return output;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
index 4f21af7..f0a87af 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
@@ -171,4 +171,16 @@
     public void testSetVpnDefaultForUids() throws Exception {
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testSetVpnDefaultForUids");
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDropPacketToVpnAddress_WithoutDuplicatedAddress() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest",
+                "testDropPacketToVpnAddress_WithoutDuplicatedAddress");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDropPacketToVpnAddress_WithDuplicatedAddress() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest",
+                "testDropPacketToVpnAddress_WithDuplicatedAddress");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
index aa90f5f..fa68e3e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
@@ -191,6 +191,6 @@
 
         String path = "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control";
         String value = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "cat", path).trim();
-        assertEquals(value, "cubic");
+        assertEquals("cubic", value);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f9b3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
+}
+
+python_test_host {
+    name: "CtsConnectivityMultiDevicesTestCases",
+    main: "connectivity_multi_devices_test.py",
+    srcs: [
+        "connectivity_multi_devices_test.py",
+        "tether_utils.py",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "mobly",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    test_options: {
+        unit_test: false,
+    },
+    data: [
+        // Package the snippet with the mobly test
+        ":connectivity_multi_devices_snippet",
+    ],
+    version: {
+        py3: {
+            embedded_launcher: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/multidevices/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5312b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS Connectivity multi devices test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+
+    <device name="device1">
+        <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+            <option name="test-file-name" value="connectivity_multi_devices_snippet.apk" />
+        </target_preparer>
+        <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
+        </target_preparer>
+    </device>
+    <device name="device2">
+        <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+            <option name="test-file-name" value="connectivity_multi_devices_snippet.apk" />
+        </target_preparer>
+        <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
+        </target_preparer>
+    </device>
+
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.mobly.MoblyBinaryHostTest">
+      <!-- The mobly-par-file-name should match the module name -->
+      <option name="mobly-par-file-name" value="CtsConnectivityMultiDevicesTestCases" />
+      <!-- Timeout limit in milliseconds for all test cases of the python binary -->
+      <option name="mobly-test-timeout" value="180000" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
+
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..417db99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Lint as: python3
+"""Connectivity multi devices tests."""
+import sys
+from mobly import base_test
+from mobly import test_runner
+from mobly import utils
+from mobly.controllers import android_device
+import tether_utils
+from tether_utils import UpstreamType
+
+CONNECTIVITY_MULTI_DEVICES_SNIPPET_PACKAGE = "com.google.snippet.connectivity"
+
+
+class ConnectivityMultiDevicesTest(base_test.BaseTestClass):
+
+  def setup_class(self):
+    # Declare that two Android devices are needed.
+    self.clientDevice, self.serverDevice = self.register_controller(
+        android_device, min_number=2
+    )
+
+    def setup_device(device):
+      device.load_snippet(
+          "connectivity_multi_devices_snippet",
+          CONNECTIVITY_MULTI_DEVICES_SNIPPET_PACKAGE,
+      )
+
+    # Set up devices in parallel to save time.
+    utils.concurrent_exec(
+        setup_device,
+        ((self.clientDevice,), (self.serverDevice,)),
+        max_workers=2,
+        raise_on_exception=True,
+    )
+
+  def test_hotspot_upstream_wifi(self):
+    try:
+      # Connectivity of the client verified by asserting the validated capability.
+      tether_utils.setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
+          self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.WIFI
+      )
+    finally:
+      tether_utils.cleanup_tethering_for_upstream_type(
+          self.serverDevice, UpstreamType.WIFI
+      )
+
+  def test_hotspot_upstream_cellular(self):
+    try:
+      # Connectivity of the client verified by asserting the validated capability.
+      tether_utils.setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
+          self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.CELLULAR
+      )
+    finally:
+      tether_utils.cleanup_tethering_for_upstream_type(
+          self.serverDevice, UpstreamType.CELLULAR
+      )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  # Take test args
+  if "--" in sys.argv:
+    index = sys.argv.index("--")
+    sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + sys.argv[index + 1 :]
+  test_runner.main()
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5940cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "connectivity_multi_devices_snippet",
+    defaults: [
+        "ConnectivityTestsLatestSdkDefaults",
+        "cts_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt",
+    ],
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.test.runner",
+        "mobly-snippet-lib",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+    ],
+    platform_apis: true,
+    min_sdk_version: "30", // R
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ed8146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<manifest
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="com.google.snippet.connectivity">
+  <!-- Declare the minimum Android SDK version and internet permission,
+       which are required by Mobly Snippet Lib since it uses network socket. -->
+  <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="30" />
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+  <application>
+    <!-- Add any classes that implement the Snippet interface as meta-data, whose
+         value is a comma-separated string, each section being the package path
+         of a snippet class -->
+    <meta-data
+        android:name="mobly-snippets"
+        android:value="com.google.snippet.connectivity.ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet" />
+  </application>
+  <!-- Add an instrumentation tag so that the app can be launched through an
+       instrument command. The runner `com.google.android.mobly.snippet.SnippetRunner`
+       is derived from `AndroidJUnitRunner`, and is required to use the
+       Mobly Snippet Lib. -->
+  <instrumentation
+      android:name="com.google.android.mobly.snippet.SnippetRunner"
+      android:targetPackage="com.google.snippet.connectivity" />
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8805edd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.snippet.connectivity
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.Manifest.permission.OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils
+import android.net.wifi.ScanResult
+import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration
+import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration.SECURITY_TYPE_WPA2_PSK
+import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
+import android.net.wifi.WifiNetworkSpecifier
+import android.net.wifi.WifiSsid
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectUtil
+import com.android.testutils.NetworkCallbackHelper
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.Snippet
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.rpc.Rpc
+import org.junit.Rule
+
+class ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet : Snippet {
+    @get:Rule
+    val networkCallbackRule = AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule()
+    private val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext()
+    private val wifiManager = context.getSystemService(WifiManager::class.java)!!
+    private val cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!!
+    private val pm = context.packageManager
+    private val ctsNetUtils = CtsNetUtils(context)
+    private val cbHelper = NetworkCallbackHelper()
+    private val ctsTetheringUtils = CtsTetheringUtils(context)
+    private var oldSoftApConfig: SoftApConfiguration? = null
+
+    override fun shutdown() {
+        cbHelper.unregisterAll()
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Check whether the device has wifi feature.")
+    fun hasWifiFeature() = pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Check whether the device has telephony feature.")
+    fun hasTelephonyFeature() = pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Check whether the device supporters AP + STA concurrency.")
+    fun isStaApConcurrencySupported() = wifiManager.isStaApConcurrencySupported()
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Request cellular connection and ensure it is the default network.")
+    fun requestCellularAndEnsureDefault() {
+        ctsNetUtils.disableWifi()
+        val network = cbHelper.requestCell()
+        ctsNetUtils.expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(network)
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Unrequest cellular connection.")
+    fun unrequestCellular() {
+        cbHelper.unrequestCell()
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Ensure any wifi is connected and is the default network.")
+    fun ensureWifiIsDefault() {
+        val network = ctsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected()
+        ctsNetUtils.expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(network)
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Connect to specified wifi network.")
+    // Suppress warning because WifiManager methods to connect to a config are
+    // documented not to be deprecated for privileged users.
+    @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+    fun connectToWifi(ssid: String, passphrase: String): Long {
+        val specifier = WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+            .setBand(ScanResult.WIFI_BAND_24_GHZ)
+            .build()
+        val wifiConfig = WifiConfiguration()
+        wifiConfig.SSID = "\"" + ssid + "\""
+        wifiConfig.preSharedKey = "\"" + passphrase + "\""
+        wifiConfig.hiddenSSID = true
+        wifiConfig.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA2_PSK)
+        wifiConfig.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.TKIP)
+        wifiConfig.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.CCMP)
+
+        // Add the test configuration and connect to it.
+        val connectUtil = ConnectUtil(context)
+        connectUtil.connectToWifiConfig(wifiConfig)
+
+        // Implement manual SSID matching. Specifying the SSID in
+        // NetworkSpecifier is ineffective
+        // (see WifiNetworkAgentSpecifier#canBeSatisfiedBy for details).
+        // Note that holding permission is necessary when waiting for
+        // the callbacks. The handler thread checks permission; if
+        // it's not present, the SSID will be redacted.
+        val networkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val wifiRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build()
+        return runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            // Register the network callback is needed here.
+            // This is to avoid the race condition where callback is fired before
+            // acquiring permission.
+            networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, networkCallback)
+            return@runAsShell networkCallback.eventuallyExpect<CapabilitiesChanged> {
+                // Remove double quotes.
+                val ssidFromCaps = (WifiInfo::sanitizeSsid)(it.caps.ssid)
+                ssidFromCaps == ssid && it.caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+            }.network.networkHandle
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Check whether the device supports hotspot feature.")
+    fun hasHotspotFeature(): Boolean {
+        val tetheringCallback = ctsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback()
+        try {
+            return tetheringCallback.isWifiTetheringSupported(context)
+        } finally {
+            ctsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetheringCallback)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Start a hotspot with given SSID and passphrase.")
+    fun startHotspot(ssid: String, passphrase: String) {
+        // Store old config.
+        runAsShell(OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG) {
+            oldSoftApConfig = wifiManager.getSoftApConfiguration()
+        }
+
+        val softApConfig = SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
+            .setWifiSsid(WifiSsid.fromBytes(ssid.toByteArray()))
+            .setPassphrase(passphrase, SECURITY_TYPE_WPA2_PSK)
+            .setBand(SoftApConfiguration.BAND_2GHZ)
+            .build()
+        runAsShell(OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG) {
+            wifiManager.setSoftApConfiguration(softApConfig)
+        }
+        val tetheringCallback = ctsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback()
+        try {
+            tetheringCallback.expectNoTetheringActive()
+            ctsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetheringCallback)
+        } finally {
+            ctsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetheringCallback)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Stop all tethering.")
+    fun stopAllTethering() {
+        ctsTetheringUtils.stopAllTethering()
+
+        // Restore old config.
+        oldSoftApConfig?.let {
+            runAsShell(OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG) {
+                wifiManager.setSoftApConfiguration(it)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2d703c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import base64
+import uuid
+
+from mobly import asserts
+from mobly.controllers import android_device
+
+
+class UpstreamType:
+  CELLULAR = 1
+  WIFI = 2
+
+
+def generate_uuid32_base64() -> str:
+  """Generates a UUID32 and encodes it in Base64.
+
+  Returns:
+      str: The Base64-encoded UUID32 string. Which is 22 characters.
+  """
+  # Strip padding characters to make it safer for hotspot name length limit.
+  return base64.b64encode(uuid.uuid1().bytes).decode("utf-8").strip("=")
+
+
+def setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
+    server_device: android_device,
+    client_device: android_device,
+    upstream_type: UpstreamType,
+) -> (str, int):
+  """Setup the hotspot with a connected client with the specified upstream type.
+
+  This creates a hotspot, make the client connect
+  to it, and verify the packet is forwarded by the hotspot.
+  And returns interface name of both if successful.
+  """
+  server = server_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+  client = client_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+
+  # Assert pre-conditions specific to each upstream type.
+  asserts.skip_if(not client.hasWifiFeature(), "Client requires Wifi feature")
+  asserts.skip_if(
+      not server.hasHotspotFeature(), "Server requires hotspot feature"
+  )
+  if upstream_type == UpstreamType.CELLULAR:
+    asserts.skip_if(
+        not server.hasTelephonyFeature(), "Server requires Telephony feature"
+    )
+    server.requestCellularAndEnsureDefault()
+  elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.WIFI:
+    asserts.skip_if(
+        not server.isStaApConcurrencySupported(),
+        "Server requires Wifi AP + STA concurrency",
+    )
+    server.ensureWifiIsDefault()
+  else:
+    raise ValueError(f"Invalid upstream type: {upstream_type}")
+
+  # Generate ssid/passphrase with random characters to make sure nearby devices won't
+  # connect unexpectedly. Note that total length of ssid cannot go over 32.
+  test_ssid = "HOTSPOT-" + generate_uuid32_base64()
+  test_passphrase = generate_uuid32_base64()
+
+  # Create a hotspot with fixed SSID and password.
+  hotspot_interface = server.startHotspot(test_ssid, test_passphrase)
+
+  # Make the client connects to the hotspot.
+  client_network = client.connectToWifi(test_ssid, test_passphrase)
+
+  return hotspot_interface, client_network
+
+
+def cleanup_tethering_for_upstream_type(
+    server_device: android_device, upstream_type: UpstreamType
+) -> None:
+  server = server_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+  if upstream_type == UpstreamType.CELLULAR:
+    server.unrequestCellular()
+  # Teardown the hotspot.
+  server.stopAllTethering()
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
index b86de25..768ba12 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
     ],
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules-shared.txt",
     static_libs: [
+        "ApfGeneratorLib",
         "bouncycastle-unbundled",
         "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
         "core-tests-support",
@@ -54,24 +56,26 @@
         "junit",
         "junit-params",
         "modules-utils-build",
+        "net-tests-utils",
         "net-utils-framework-common",
         "truth",
         "TetheringIntegrationTestsBaseLib",
     ],
 
-    // uncomment when b/13249961 is fixed
-    // sdk_version: "current",
-    platform_apis: true,
-    data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     per_testcase_directory: true,
     host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
     test_config_template: "AndroidTestTemplate.xml",
+    data: [
+        ":ConnectivityTestPreparer",
+        ":CtsCarrierServicePackage",
+    ],
 }
 
 // Networking CTS tests for development and release. These tests always target the platform SDK
 // version, and are subject to all the restrictions appropriate to that version. Before SDK
-// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, and cannot be installed on release
-// devices.
+// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, but they can still be installed on
+// release devices as their min_sdk_version is set to a production version.
 android_test {
     name: "CtsNetTestCases",
     defaults: [
@@ -84,6 +88,14 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
+        "mts-dnsresolver",
+        "mts-networking",
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "mts-wifi",
+        "mcts-dnsresolver",
+        "mcts-networking",
+        "mcts-tethering",
+        "mcts-wifi",
         "general-tests",
     ],
 }
@@ -128,6 +140,7 @@
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
         "mts-tethering",
+        "mcts-tethering",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -154,3 +167,17 @@
     package_name: "android.net.cts.maxtargetsdk30", // CTS package names must be unique.
     instrumentation_target_package: "android.net.cts.maxtargetsdk30",
 }
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsCarrierServicePackage",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+    package_name: "android.net.cts.carrierservicepackage",
+    manifest: "carrierservicepackage/AndroidManifest.xml",
+    srcs: ["carrierservicepackage/src/**/*.java"],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
index 68e36ff..098cc0a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES" />
 
     <!-- This test also uses signature permissions through adopting the shell identity.
          The permissions acquired that way include (probably not exhaustive) :
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
                  android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
         <uses-library android:name="org.apache.http.legacy" android:required="false" />
+
     </application>
 
     <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
@@ -54,4 +56,3 @@
     </instrumentation>
 
 </manifest>
-
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
index 8efa99f..38f26d8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
         <option name="test-file-name" value="{MODULE}.apk" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsCarrierServicePackage.apk" />
     </target_preparer>
     <target_preparer class="com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer">
     </target_preparer>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
index 1f1dd5d..2ec3a70 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
index 8d68c5f..af1af43 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
         }
         ConnectivityReceiver.prepare();
 
-        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        mCtsNetUtils.reconnectWifiAndWaitForConnectivityAction();
 
         // The connectivity broadcast has been sent; push through a terminal broadcast
         // to wait for in the receive to confirm it didn't see the connectivity change.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
                 .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK));
         Thread.sleep(200);
 
-        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        mCtsNetUtils.reconnectWifiAndWaitForConnectivityAction();
 
         Intent getConnectivityCount = new Intent(GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT);
         assertEquals(2, sendOrderedBroadcastAndReturnResultCode(
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
         filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
         mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
 
-        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        mCtsNetUtils.reconnectWifiAndWaitForConnectivityAction();
         Intent finalIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityReceiver.FINAL_ACTION);
         finalIntent.setClass(mContext, ConnectivityReceiver.class);
         mContext.sendBroadcast(finalIntent);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp
index b39690f..d300743 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/carrierservicepackage/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/carrierservicepackage/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2a45eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/carrierservicepackage/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     android:versionCode="1"
+     android:versionName="1.0.0"
+     package="android.net.cts.carrierservicepackage">
+    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="30"
+              android:targetSdkVersion="33" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE"/>
+    <application android:allowBackup="false"
+         android:directBootAware="true">
+        <service android:name=".DummyCarrierConfigService"
+                 android:permission="android.permission.BIND_CARRIER_SERVICES"
+                 android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+              <action android:name="android.service.carrier.CarrierService"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+    </application>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/carrierservicepackage/src/android/net/cts/carrierservicepackage/DummyCarrierConfigService.java b/tests/cts/net/carrierservicepackage/src/android/net/cts/carrierservicepackage/DummyCarrierConfigService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca2015b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/carrierservicepackage/src/android/net/cts/carrierservicepackage/DummyCarrierConfigService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.carrierservicepackage;
+
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.service.carrier.CarrierIdentifier;
+import android.service.carrier.CarrierService;
+
+public class DummyCarrierConfigService extends CarrierService {
+    private static final String TAG = "DummyCarrierConfigService";
+
+    public DummyCarrierConfigService() {}
+
+    @Override
+    public PersistableBundle onLoadConfig(CarrierIdentifier id) {
+        return new PersistableBundle(); // Do nothing
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return super.onBind(intent);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
+        return super.onUnbind(intent);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
index a421349..fbf4f29 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
index 153ff51..3f24592 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 // Build the unit tests.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
index da4fe28..8e24fba 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -49,5 +50,7 @@
         "general-tests",
         "mts-dnsresolver",
         "mts-networking",
+        "mcts-dnsresolver",
+        "mcts-networking",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
index 5c02b0d..e2fdd3d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
@@ -27,35 +27,32 @@
 
 using namespace android::bpf;
 
-void doBpfStructSizeTest(const char *elfPath) {
+void doBpfStructSizeTest(const char *elfPath, unsigned mapSz, unsigned progSz) {
   std::ifstream elfFile(elfPath, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elfFile.is_open());
 
-  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(120, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(92, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
-  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(116, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(92, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
-  } else {
-    EXPECT_EQ(48, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(28, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(BpfTest, bpfStructSizeTestPreT) {
-  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) GTEST_SKIP() << "T+ device.";
-  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/netd.o");
-  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/clatd.o");
+  EXPECT_EQ(mapSz, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(progSz, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
 }
 
 TEST(BpfTest, bpfStructSizeTest) {
-  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) {
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpuMem.o");
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/timeInState.o");
+  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
+    // Due to V+ using mainline netbpfload, there is no longer a need to
+    // enforce consistency between platform and mainline bpf .o files.
+    GTEST_SKIP() << "V+ device.";
+  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) {
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpuMem.o", 120, 92);
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/timeInState.o", 120, 92);
+  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) {
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpu_mem.o", 116, 92);
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/time_in_state.o", 116, 92);
+  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastS()) {
+    // These files were moved to mainline in Android T
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/netd.o", 48, 28);
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/clatd.o", 48, 28);
   } else {
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpu_mem.o");
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/time_in_state.o");
+    // There is no mainline bpf code before S.
+    GTEST_SKIP() << "R- device.";
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90fb7a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ktlint does not allow annotating function argument literals inline. Disable the specific rule
+// since this negatively affects readability.
+@file:Suppress("ktlint:standard:comment-wrapping")
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.apf.ApfCapabilities
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfV4Generator
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.MemorySlot
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.Register.R0
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.Register.R1
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.PowerManager
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
+import android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getFirstApiLevel
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getVsrApiLevel
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow
+import com.android.internal.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
+import com.google.common.truth.Expect
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage
+import com.google.common.truth.TruthJUnit.assume
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+import java.lang.Thread
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
+import kotlin.random.Random
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.AfterClass
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.BeforeClass
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val TAG = "ApfIntegrationTest"
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
+private const val APF_NEW_RA_FILTER_VERSION = "apf_new_ra_filter_version"
+private const val POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: Int = 100
+private const val RCV_BUFFER_SIZE = 1480
+private const val PING_HEADER_LENGTH = 8
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@RequiresDevice
+@NetworkStackModuleTest
+// ByteArray.toHexString is experimental API
+@kotlin.ExperimentalStdlibApi
+class ApfIntegrationTest {
+    companion object {
+        private val PING_DESTINATION = InetSocketAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888", 0)
+
+        private val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+        private val powerManager = context.getSystemService(PowerManager::class.java)!!
+        private val wakeLock = powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG)
+
+        fun pollingCheck(condition: () -> Boolean, timeout_ms: Int): Boolean {
+            var polling_time = 0
+            do {
+                Thread.sleep(POLLING_INTERVAL_MS.toLong())
+                polling_time += POLLING_INTERVAL_MS
+                if (condition()) return true
+            } while (polling_time < timeout_ms)
+            return false
+        }
+
+        fun turnScreenOff() {
+            if (!wakeLock.isHeld()) wakeLock.acquire()
+            runShellCommandOrThrow("input keyevent KEYCODE_SLEEP")
+            val result = pollingCheck({ !powerManager.isInteractive() }, timeout_ms = 2000)
+            assertThat(result).isTrue()
+        }
+
+        fun turnScreenOn() {
+            if (wakeLock.isHeld()) wakeLock.release()
+            runShellCommandOrThrow("input keyevent KEYCODE_WAKEUP")
+            val result = pollingCheck({ powerManager.isInteractive() }, timeout_ms = 2000)
+            assertThat(result).isTrue()
+        }
+
+        @BeforeClass
+        @JvmStatic
+        @Suppress("ktlint:standard:no-multi-spaces")
+        fun setupOnce() {
+            // TODO: assertions thrown in @BeforeClass / @AfterClass are not well supported in the
+            // test infrastructure. Consider saving excepion and throwing it in setUp().
+            // APF must run when the screen is off and the device is not interactive.
+            turnScreenOff()
+            // Wait for APF to become active.
+            Thread.sleep(1000)
+            // TODO: check that there is no active wifi network. Otherwise, ApfFilter has already been
+            // created.
+            // APF adb cmds are only implemented in ApfFilter.java. Enable experiment to prevent
+            // LegacyApfFilter.java from being used.
+            runAsShell(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
+                DeviceConfig.setProperty(
+                        NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                        APF_NEW_RA_FILTER_VERSION,
+                        "1",  // value => force enabled
+                        false // makeDefault
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        @AfterClass
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun tearDownOnce() {
+            turnScreenOn()
+        }
+    }
+
+    class Icmp6PacketReader(
+            handler: Handler,
+            private val network: Network
+    ) : PacketReader(handler, RCV_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        private var sockFd: FileDescriptor? = null
+        private var futureReply: CompletableFuture<ByteArray>? = null
+
+        override fun createFd(): FileDescriptor {
+            // sockFd is closed by calling super.stop()
+            val sock = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)
+            // APF runs only on WiFi, so make sure the socket is bound to the right network.
+            network.bindSocket(sock)
+            sockFd = sock
+            return sock
+        }
+
+        override fun handlePacket(recvbuf: ByteArray, length: Int) {
+            // If zero-length or Type is not echo reply: ignore.
+            if (length == 0 || recvbuf[0] != 0x81.toByte()) {
+                return
+            }
+            // Only copy the ping data and complete the future.
+            val result = recvbuf.sliceArray(8..<length)
+            Log.i(TAG, "Received ping reply: ${result.toHexString()}")
+            futureReply!!.complete(recvbuf.sliceArray(8..<length))
+        }
+
+        fun sendPing(data: ByteArray, payloadSize: Int) {
+            require(data.size == payloadSize)
+
+            // rfc4443#section-4.1: Echo Request Message
+            //   0                   1                   2                   3
+            //   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            //  |     Type      |     Code      |          Checksum             |
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            //  |           Identifier          |        Sequence Number        |
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            //  |     Data ...
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-
+            val icmp6Header = byteArrayOf(0x80.toByte(), 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
+            val packet = icmp6Header + data
+            Log.i(TAG, "Sent ping: ${packet.toHexString()}")
+            futureReply = CompletableFuture<ByteArray>()
+            Os.sendto(sockFd!!, packet, 0, packet.size, 0, PING_DESTINATION)
+        }
+
+        fun expectPingReply(): ByteArray {
+            return futureReply!!.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+        }
+
+        fun expectPingDropped() {
+            assertFailsWith(TimeoutException::class) {
+                futureReply!!.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun start(): Boolean {
+            // Ignore the fact start() could return false or throw an exception.
+            handler.post({ super.start() })
+            handler.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            return true
+        }
+
+        override fun stop() {
+            handler.post({ super.stop() })
+            handler.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @get:Rule val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+    @get:Rule val expect = Expect.create()
+
+    private val cm by lazy { context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!! }
+    private val pm by lazy { context.packageManager }
+    private lateinit var network: Network
+    private lateinit var ifname: String
+    private lateinit var networkCallback: TestableNetworkCallback
+    private lateinit var caps: ApfCapabilities
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread("$TAG handler thread").apply { start() }
+    private val handler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
+    private lateinit var packetReader: Icmp6PacketReader
+
+    fun getApfCapabilities(): ApfCapabilities {
+        val caps = runShellCommand("cmd network_stack apf $ifname capabilities").trim()
+        if (caps.isEmpty()) {
+            return ApfCapabilities(0, 0, 0)
+        }
+        val (version, maxLen, packetFormat) = caps.split(",").map { it.toInt() }
+        return ApfCapabilities(version, maxLen, packetFormat)
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        assume().that(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)).isTrue()
+
+        networkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(
+                NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                        .build(),
+                networkCallback
+        )
+        network = networkCallback.expect<Available>().network
+        networkCallback.eventuallyExpect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(TIMEOUT_MS) {
+            ifname = assertNotNull(it.lp.interfaceName)
+            true
+        }
+        // It's possible the device does not support APF, in which case this command will not be
+        // successful. Ignore the error as testApfCapabilities() already asserts APF support on the
+        // respective VSR releases and all other tests are based on the capabilities indicated.
+        runShellCommand("cmd network_stack apf $ifname pause")
+        caps = getApfCapabilities()
+
+        packetReader = Icmp6PacketReader(handler, network)
+        packetReader.start()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        if (::packetReader.isInitialized) {
+            packetReader.stop()
+        }
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+
+        if (::ifname.isInitialized) {
+            runShellCommand("cmd network_stack apf $ifname resume")
+        }
+        if (::networkCallback.isInitialized) {
+            cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testApfCapabilities() {
+        // APF became mandatory in Android 14 VSR.
+        assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
+
+        // ApfFilter does not support anything but ARPHRD_ETHER.
+        assertThat(caps.apfPacketFormat).isEqualTo(OsConstants.ARPHRD_ETHER)
+
+        // DEVICEs launching with Android 14 with CHIPSETs that set ro.board.first_api_level to 34:
+        // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-003] MUST return 4 or higher as the APF version number from calls to
+        //   the getApfPacketFilterCapabilities HAL method.
+        // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-004] MUST indicate at least 1024 bytes of usable memory from calls to
+        //   the getApfPacketFilterCapabilities HAL method.
+        // TODO: check whether above text should be changed "34 or higher"
+        assertThat(caps.apfVersionSupported).isAtLeast(4)
+        assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(1024)
+
+        if (caps.apfVersionSupported > 4) {
+            assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(2048)
+            assertThat(caps.apfVersionSupported).isEqualTo(6000) // v6.0000
+        }
+
+        // DEVICEs launching with Android 15 (AOSP experimental) or higher with CHIPSETs that set
+        // ro.board.first_api_level or ro.board.api_level to 202404 or higher:
+        // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-009] MUST indicate at least 2048 bytes of usable memory from calls to
+        //   the getApfPacketFilterCapabilities HAL method.
+        if (getVsrApiLevel() >= 202404) {
+            assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(2048)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // APF is backwards compatible, i.e. a v6 interpreter supports both v2 and v4 functionality.
+    fun assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(version: Int) {
+        assume().that(caps.apfVersionSupported).isAtLeast(version)
+    }
+
+    fun installProgram(bytes: ByteArray) {
+        val prog = bytes.toHexString()
+        val result = runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd network_stack apf $ifname install $prog").trim()
+        // runShellCommandOrThrow only throws on S+.
+        assertThat(result).isEqualTo("success")
+    }
+
+    fun readProgram(): ByteArray {
+        val progHexString = runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd network_stack apf $ifname read").trim()
+        // runShellCommandOrThrow only throws on S+.
+        assertThat(progHexString).isNotEmpty()
+        return HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(progHexString)
+    }
+
+    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "This test takes longer than 1 minute, do not run it on presubmit.")
+    // APF integration is mostly broken before V, only run the full read / write test on V+.
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testReadWriteProgram() {
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+
+        val minReadWriteSize = if (getFirstApiLevel() >= Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+            2
+        } else {
+            8
+        }
+
+        // The minReadWriteSize is 2 bytes. The first byte always stays PASS.
+        val program = ByteArray(caps.maximumApfProgramSize)
+        for (i in caps.maximumApfProgramSize downTo minReadWriteSize) {
+            // Randomize bytes in range [1, i). And install first [0, i) bytes of program.
+            // Note that only the very first instruction (PASS) is valid APF bytecode.
+            Random.nextBytes(program, 1 /* fromIndex */, i /* toIndex */)
+            installProgram(program.sliceArray(0..<i))
+
+            // Compare entire memory region.
+            val readResult = readProgram()
+            val errMsg = """
+                read/write $i byte prog failed.
+                In APFv4, the APF memory region MUST NOT be modified or cleared except by APF
+                instructions executed by the interpreter or by Android OS calls to the HAL. If this
+                requirement cannot be met, the firmware cannot declare that it supports APFv4 and
+                it should declare that it only supports APFv3(if counter is partially supported) or
+                APFv2.
+            """.trimIndent()
+            assertWithMessage(errMsg).that(readResult).isEqualTo(program)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun ApfV4Generator.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply() {
+        // If not IPv6 -> PASS
+        addLoad16(R0, ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET)
+        addJumpIfR0NotEquals(ETH_P_IPV6.toLong(), BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 -> PASS
+        addLoad8(R0, IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET)
+        addJumpIfR0NotEquals(IPPROTO_ICMPV6.toLong(), BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+
+        // If not echo reply -> PASS
+        addLoad8(R0, ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET)
+        addJumpIfR0NotEquals(0x81, BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+    }
+
+    // APF integration is mostly broken before V
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testDropPingReply() {
+        // VSR-14 mandates APF to be turned on when the screen is off and the Wi-Fi link
+        // is idle or traffic is less than 10 Mbps. Before that, we don't mandate when the APF
+        // should be turned on.
+        assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+
+        // clear any active APF filter
+        var gen = ApfV4Generator(4).addPass()
+        installProgram(gen.generate())
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        // Assert that initial ping does not get filtered.
+        val payloadSize = if (getFirstApiLevel() >= Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+            68
+        } else {
+            4
+        }
+        val data = ByteArray(payloadSize).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        assertThat(packetReader.expectPingReply()).isEqualTo(data)
+
+        // Generate an APF program that drops the next ping
+        gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
+        gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
+
+        // if not data matches -> PASS
+        gen.addLoadImmediate(R0, ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET + PING_HEADER_LENGTH)
+        gen.addJumpIfBytesAtR0NotEqual(data, BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+
+        // else DROP
+        gen.addJump(BaseApfGenerator.DROP_LABEL)
+
+        val program = gen.generate()
+        installProgram(program)
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingDropped()
+    }
+
+    fun clearApfMemory() = installProgram(ByteArray(caps.maximumApfProgramSize))
+
+    // APF integration is mostly broken before V
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testPrefilledMemorySlotsV4() {
+        // VSR-14 mandates APF to be turned on when the screen is off and the Wi-Fi link
+        // is idle or traffic is less than 10 Mbps. Before that, we don't mandate when the APF
+        // should be turned on.
+        assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
+        // Test v4 memory slots on both v4 and v6 interpreters.
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+        clearApfMemory()
+        val gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
+        gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
+
+        // Store all prefilled memory slots in counter region [500, 520)
+        val counterRegion = 500
+        gen.addLoadImmediate(R1, counterRegion)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.PROGRAM_SIZE)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 0)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.RAM_LEN)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 4)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.IPV4_HEADER_SIZE)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 8)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.PACKET_SIZE)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 12)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.FILTER_AGE_SECONDS)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 16)
+
+        val program = gen.generate()
+        assertThat(program.size).isLessThan(counterRegion)
+        installProgram(program)
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        // Trigger the program by sending a ping and waiting on the reply.
+        val payloadSize = if (getFirstApiLevel() >= Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+            68
+        } else {
+            4
+        }
+        val data = ByteArray(payloadSize).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        val readResult = readProgram()
+        val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(readResult, counterRegion, 20 /* length */)
+        expect.withMessage("PROGRAM_SIZE").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(program.size)
+        expect.withMessage("RAM_LEN").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(caps.maximumApfProgramSize)
+        expect.withMessage("IPV4_HEADER_SIZE").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(0)
+        // Ping packet payload + ICMPv6 header (8)  + IPv6 header (40) + ethernet header (14)
+        expect.withMessage("PACKET_SIZE").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(payloadSize + 8 + 40 + 14)
+        expect.withMessage("FILTER_AGE_SECONDS").that(buffer.getInt()).isLessThan(5)
+    }
+
+    // APF integration is mostly broken before V
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testFilterAgeIncreasesBetweenPackets() {
+        // VSR-14 mandates APF to be turned on when the screen is off and the Wi-Fi link
+        // is idle or traffic is less than 10 Mbps. Before that, we don't mandate when the APF
+        // should be turned on.
+        assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+        clearApfMemory()
+        val gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
+        gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
+
+        // Store all prefilled memory slots in counter region [500, 520)
+        val counterRegion = 500
+        gen.addLoadImmediate(R1, counterRegion)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.FILTER_AGE_SECONDS)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 0)
+
+        installProgram(gen.generate())
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        val payloadSize = 56
+        val data = ByteArray(payloadSize).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        var buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(readProgram(), counterRegion, 4 /* length */)
+        val filterAgeSecondsOrig = buffer.getInt()
+
+        Thread.sleep(5100)
+
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(readProgram(), counterRegion, 4 /* length */)
+        val filterAgeSeconds = buffer.getInt()
+        // Assert that filter age has increased, but not too much.
+        assertThat(filterAgeSeconds - filterAgeSecondsOrig).isEqualTo(5)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
index 466514c..16a7b73 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -67,7 +68,10 @@
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // BatteryStatsManager did not exist on Q
 public class BatteryStatsManagerTest{
-    @Rule
+    @Rule(order = 1)
+    public final AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
+            networkCallbackRule = new AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule();
+    @Rule(order = 2)
     public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
     private static final String TAG = BatteryStatsManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final String TEST_URL = "https://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204";
@@ -145,7 +149,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
         final URL url = new URL(TEST_URL);
 
         // Get cellular battery stats
@@ -199,7 +203,8 @@
         Log.d(TAG, "Generate traffic on wifi network.");
         generateNetworkTraffic(wifiNetwork, url);
         // Wifi battery stats are updated when wifi on.
-        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        mCtsNetUtils.disableWifi();
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
 
         // Check wifi battery stats are updated.
         runAsShell(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CaptivePortalTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CaptivePortalTest.kt
index 99222dd..07e2024 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CaptivePortalTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CaptivePortalTest.kt
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastR
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit
@@ -101,9 +102,12 @@
 
     private val server = TestHttpServer("localhost")
 
-    @get:Rule
+    @get:Rule(order = 1)
     val deviceConfigRule = DeviceConfigRule(retryCountBeforeSIfConfigChanged = 5)
 
+    @get:Rule(order = 2)
+    val networkCallbackRule = AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule()
+
     companion object {
         @JvmStatic @BeforeClass
         fun setUpClass() {
@@ -144,15 +148,15 @@
         assumeTrue(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI))
         assumeFalse(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH))
         utils.ensureWifiConnected()
-        val cellNetwork = utils.connectToCell()
+        val cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell()
 
         // Verify cell network is validated
         val cellReq = NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .build()
-        val cellCb = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
-        cm.registerNetworkCallback(cellReq, cellCb)
+        val cellCb = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(cellReq,
+            TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
         val cb = cellCb.poll { it.network == cellNetwork &&
                 it is CapabilitiesChanged && it.caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
         }
@@ -213,8 +217,6 @@
         } finally {
             cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
             server.stop()
-            // disconnectFromCell should be called after connectToCell
-            utils.disconnectFromCell()
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
index e0fe929..ceb48d4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -298,17 +298,6 @@
                 },
                 android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE);
 
-        // TODO(b/157779832): This should use android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE. However, the
-        // shell does not have CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, so use CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL until the shell
-        // permissions are updated.
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
-                () -> mConnectivityManager.requestNetwork(
-                        CELLULAR_NETWORK_REQUEST, testNetworkCallback),
-                android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
-
-        final Network network = testNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
-        assertNotNull(network);
-
         assertTrue("Didn't receive broadcast for ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED for subId=" + subId,
                 carrierConfigReceiver.waitForCarrierConfigChanged());
 
@@ -324,6 +313,17 @@
 
         Thread.sleep(5_000);
 
+        // TODO(b/157779832): This should use android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE. However, the
+        // shell does not have CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, so use CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL until the shell
+        // permissions are updated.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mConnectivityManager.requestNetwork(
+                        CELLULAR_NETWORK_REQUEST, testNetworkCallback),
+                android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+
+        final Network network = testNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull(network);
+
         // TODO(b/217559768): Receiving carrier config change and immediately checking carrier
         //  privileges is racy, as the CP status is updated after receiving the same signal. Move
         //  the CP check after sleep to temporarily reduce the flakiness. This will soon be fixed
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 62614c1..bf40462 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -36,10 +36,22 @@
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -70,7 +82,9 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
@@ -80,7 +94,6 @@
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.HTTP_PORT;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TEST_HOST;
-import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback;
 import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
@@ -190,9 +203,11 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NetworkInformationShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ConnectivityManagerShim;
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil;
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils;
@@ -210,6 +225,7 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -258,10 +274,14 @@
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public class ConnectivityManagerTest {
-    @Rule
+    @Rule(order = 1)
     public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
-    @Rule
+    @Rule(order = 2)
+    public final AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
+            networkCallbackRule = new AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule();
+
+    @Rule(order = 3)
     public final DeviceConfigRule mTestValidationConfigRule = new DeviceConfigRule(
             5 /* retryCountBeforeSIfConfigChanged */);
 
@@ -277,9 +297,7 @@
     private static final int MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL = 10;
 
     private static final int NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
-    // Timeout for waiting network to be validated. Set the timeout to 30s, which is more than
-    // DNS timeout.
-    // TODO(b/252972908): reset the original timer when aosp/2188755 is ramped up.
+    // Timeout for waiting network to be validated.
     private static final int LISTEN_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
     private static final int NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
     private static final int NETWORK_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000;
@@ -329,8 +347,6 @@
     private final ArraySet<Integer> mNetworkTypes = new ArraySet<>();
     private UiAutomation mUiAutomation;
     private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
-    // The registered callbacks.
-    private List<NetworkCallback> mRegisteredCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
     // Used for cleanup purposes.
     private final List<Range<Integer>> mVpnRequiredUidRanges = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -412,11 +428,6 @@
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        // Release any NetworkRequests filed to connect mobile data.
-        if (mCtsNetUtils.cellConnectAttempted()) {
-            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromCell();
-        }
-
         if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
             runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
                     () -> mCmShim.setRequireVpnForUids(false, mVpnRequiredUidRanges),
@@ -426,15 +437,12 @@
         // All tests in this class require a working Internet connection as they start. Make
         // sure there is still one as they end that's ready to use for the next test to use.
         mTestValidationConfigRule.runAfterNextCleanup(() -> {
-            final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
-            try {
-                assertNotNull("Couldn't restore Internet connectivity",
-                        callback.waitForAvailable());
-            } finally {
-                // Unregister all registered callbacks.
-                unregisterRegisteredCallbacks();
-            }
+            // mTestValidationConfigRule has higher order than networkCallbackRule, so
+            // networkCallbackRule is the outer rule and will be cleaned up after this method.
+            final TestableNetworkCallback callback =
+                    networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
+            assertNotNull("Couldn't restore Internet connectivity",
+                    callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE));
         });
     }
 
@@ -556,7 +564,7 @@
             throws InterruptedException {
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
         // Make sure cell is active to retrieve IMSI for verification in later step.
-        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
         final String subscriberId = getSubscriberIdForCellNetwork(cellNetwork);
         assertFalse(TextUtils.isEmpty(subscriberId));
 
@@ -727,6 +735,7 @@
         return mCm.getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(nc, uid, packageName);
     }
 
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest
     @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get installed packages in instant app mode")
     @Test
@@ -795,14 +804,16 @@
             // Make sure that the NC is null if the package doesn't hold ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE.
             assertNull(redactNc(nc, groundedUid, groundedPkg));
 
-            // Uids, ssid, underlying networks & subscriptionIds will be redacted if the given uid
+            // Uids, ssid & underlying networks will be redacted if the given uid
             // doesn't hold the associated permissions. The wifi transport info is also suitably
             // redacted.
             final NetworkCapabilities redactedNormal = redactNc(nc, normalUid, normalPkg);
             assertNull(redactedNormal.getUids());
             assertNull(redactedNormal.getSsid());
             assertNull(redactedNormal.getUnderlyingNetworks());
-            assertEquals(0, redactedNormal.getSubscriptionIds().size());
+            // TODO: Make subIds public and update to verify the size is 2
+            final int subIdsSize = redactedNormal.getSubscriptionIds().size();
+            assertTrue(subIdsSize == 0 || subIdsSize == 2);
             assertEquals(WifiInfo.DEFAULT_MAC_ADDRESS,
                     ((WifiInfo) redactedNormal.getTransportInfo()).getBSSID());
             assertEquals(rssi, ((WifiInfo) redactedNormal.getTransportInfo()).getRssi());
@@ -851,7 +862,7 @@
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
 
         Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
-        Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
         // This server returns the requestor's IP address as the response body.
         URL url = new URL("http://google-ipv6test.appspot.com/ip.js?fmt=text");
         String wifiAddressString = httpGet(wifiNetwork, url);
@@ -991,10 +1002,10 @@
         // default network.
         return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .clearCapabilities()
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .build();
     }
 
@@ -1025,10 +1036,10 @@
         final String invalidPrivateDnsServer = "invalidhostname.example.com";
         final String goodPrivateDnsServer = "dns.google";
         mCtsNetUtils.storePrivateDnsSetting();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback cb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
-        registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback cb =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest);
         final Network networkForPrivateDns = mCm.getActiveNetwork();
         try {
             // Verifying the good private DNS sever
@@ -1066,24 +1077,27 @@
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
 
         // We will register for a WIFI network being available or lost.
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(
+                makeWifiNetworkRequest());
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultTrackingCallback);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCallback =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        final TestNetworkCallback perUidCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        final TestNetworkCallback bestMatchingCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback perUidCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback bestMatchingCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
             assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
-                    registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h));
+                    networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+                            systemDefaultCallback, h));
             runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
-                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h);
-                registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.myUid(), perUidCallback, h);
+                networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h);
+                networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.myUid(),
+                        perUidCallback, h);
             }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-            registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(makeDefaultRequest(), bestMatchingCallback, h);
+            networkCallbackRule.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+                    makeDefaultRequest(), bestMatchingCallback, h);
         }
 
         Network wifiNetwork = null;
@@ -1092,24 +1106,22 @@
         // Now we should expect to get a network callback about availability of the wifi
         // network even if it was already connected as a state-based action when the callback
         // is registered.
-        wifiNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
+        wifiNetwork = callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
         assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable for TRANSPORT_WIFI request",
                 wifiNetwork);
 
-        final Network defaultNetwork = defaultTrackingCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        final Network defaultNetwork = defaultTrackingCallback.eventuallyExpect(
+                CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
         assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on default network callback",
                 defaultNetwork);
 
         if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
-            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on system default network callback",
-                    systemDefaultCallback.waitForAvailable());
-            final Network perUidNetwork = perUidCallback.waitForAvailable();
-            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on per-UID default network callback",
-                    perUidNetwork);
+            systemDefaultCallback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE);
+            final Network perUidNetwork = perUidCallback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE)
+                    .getNetwork();
             assertEquals(defaultNetwork, perUidNetwork);
-            final Network bestMatchingNetwork = bestMatchingCallback.waitForAvailable();
-            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on best matching network callback",
-                    bestMatchingNetwork);
+            final Network bestMatchingNetwork = bestMatchingCallback.eventuallyExpect(
+                    CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
             assertEquals(defaultNetwork, bestMatchingNetwork);
         }
     }
@@ -1121,8 +1133,8 @@
         final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         // Verify registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback can be accessed via
         // CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission.
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
-                        registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(new TestNetworkCallback(), h),
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(h),
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
     }
 
@@ -1292,15 +1304,14 @@
      */
     @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
     @Test
-    public void testRequestNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-                .build(), callback);
+    public void testRequestNetworkCallback() {
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(
+                                NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                        .build());
 
         // Wait to get callback for availability of internet
-        Network internetNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
-        assertNotNull("Did not receive NetworkCallback#onAvailable for INTERNET", internetNetwork);
+        callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1318,16 +1329,13 @@
             }
         }
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
-                callback, 100);
 
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
+                100 /* timeoutMs */);
         try {
             // Wait to get callback for unavailability of requested network
-            assertTrue("Did not receive NetworkCallback#onUnavailable",
-                    callback.waitForUnavailable());
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            fail("NetworkCallback wait was interrupted.");
+            callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.UNAVAILABLE, 2_000 /* timeoutMs */);
         } finally {
             if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
                 mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
@@ -1353,9 +1361,7 @@
     public void testToggleWifiConnectivityAction() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
 
-        // toggleWifi calls connectToWifi and disconnectFromWifi, which both wait for
-        // CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts.
-        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        mCtsNetUtils.reconnectWifiAndWaitForConnectivityAction();
     }
 
     /** Verify restricted networks cannot be requested. */
@@ -1416,40 +1422,48 @@
             final boolean useSystemDefault)
             throws Exception {
         final CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
-        final NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
-            @Override
-            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-                if (!nc.hasTransport(targetTransportType)) return;
 
-                final boolean metered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
-                final boolean validated = nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
-                if (metered == requestedMeteredness && (!waitForValidation || validated)) {
-                    networkFuture.complete(network);
+        // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
+        // with the current setting. Therefore, if the setting has already been changed,
+        // this method will return right away, and if not, it'll wait for the setting to change.
+        final TestableNetworkCallback networkCallback;
+        if (useSystemDefault) {
+            networkCallback = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                if (isAtLeastS()) {
+                    return networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+                            new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()));
+                } else {
+                    // registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback is only supported on S+.
+                    return networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                            new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                                    .clearCapabilities()
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                                    .build(),
+                            new TestableNetworkCallback(),
+                            new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()));
                 }
-            }
-        };
-
-        try {
-            // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
-            // with the current setting. Therefore, if the setting has already been changed,
-            // this method will return right away, and if not, it'll wait for the setting to change.
-            if (useSystemDefault) {
-                runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
-                                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback,
-                                        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())),
-                        NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-            } else {
-                registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
-            }
-
-            // Changing meteredness on wifi involves reconnecting, which can take several seconds
-            // (involves re-associating, DHCP...).
-            return networkFuture.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-            throw new AssertionError("Timed out waiting for active network metered status to "
-                    + "change to " + requestedMeteredness + " ; network = "
-                    + mCm.getActiveNetwork(), e);
+            },
+            NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        } else {
+            networkCallback = networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
         }
+
+        return networkCallback.eventuallyExpect(
+                CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                // Changing meteredness on wifi involves reconnecting, which can take several
+                // seconds (involves re-associating, DHCP...).
+                NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                cb -> {
+                    final NetworkCapabilities nc = cb.getCaps();
+                    if (!nc.hasTransport(targetTransportType)) return false;
+
+                    final boolean metered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                    final boolean validated = nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+                    return metered == requestedMeteredness && (!waitForValidation || validated);
+                }).getNetwork();
     }
 
     private Network setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(String ssid, boolean isMetered,
@@ -1554,6 +1568,40 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) @ConnectivityModuleTest
+    public void testSetBackgroundNetworkingShellCommand() {
+        final int testUid = 54352;
+        runShellCommand("cmd connectivity set-background-networking-enabled-for-uid " + testUid
+                + " true");
+        int rule = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                () -> mCm.getUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, testUid));
+        assertEquals(rule, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
+
+        runShellCommand("cmd connectivity set-background-networking-enabled-for-uid " + testUid
+                + " false");
+        rule = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                () -> mCm.getUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, testUid));
+        assertEquals(rule, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) @ConnectivityModuleTest
+    public void testGetBackgroundNetworkingShellCommand() {
+        final int testUid = 54312;
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                () -> mCm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, testUid,
+                        FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
+        String output = runShellCommand(
+                "cmd connectivity get-background-networking-enabled-for-uid " + testUid);
+        assertTrue(output.contains("allow"));
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                () -> mCm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, testUid,
+                        FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT));
+        output = runShellCommand(
+                "cmd connectivity get-background-networking-enabled-for-uid " + testUid);
+        assertTrue(output.contains("deny"));
+    }
+
     // TODO: move the following socket keep alive test to dedicated test class.
     /**
      * Callback used in tcp keepalive offload that allows caller to wait callback fires.
@@ -1991,7 +2039,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final Network network = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
         final int supported = getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network);
         final InetAddress srcAddr = getFirstV4Address(network);
         assumeTrue("This test requires native IPv4", srcAddr != null);
@@ -2057,15 +2105,15 @@
     }
 
     private void verifyBindSocketToRestrictedNetworkDisallowed() throws Exception {
-        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> requestNetwork(testRequest, testNetworkCb),
+        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(testRequest),
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
                 // CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL is for requesting restricted network because shell does not
                 // have CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS on R.
@@ -2081,7 +2129,7 @@
                     NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                     entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
                             && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
-                            .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
             // CtsNetTestCases package doesn't hold CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, so it
             // does not allow to bind socket to restricted network.
             assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> network.bindSocket(socket));
@@ -2166,8 +2214,7 @@
             registerCallbackAndWaitForAvailable(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
         }
         if (supportTelephony) {
-            // connectToCell needs to be followed by disconnectFromCell, which is called in tearDown
-            mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
             registerCallbackAndWaitForAvailable(makeCellNetworkRequest(), telephonyCb);
         }
 
@@ -2205,7 +2252,7 @@
 
     private void registerCallbackAndWaitForAvailable(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
             @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb) {
-        registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
+        networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
         waitForAvailable(cb);
     }
 
@@ -2313,21 +2360,13 @@
 
     private void verifySsidFromCallbackNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull String ssid, boolean hasSsid)
             throws Exception {
-        final CompletableFuture<NetworkCapabilities> foundNc = new CompletableFuture();
-        final NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
-            @Override
-            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-                foundNc.complete(nc);
-            }
-        };
-
-        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest());
         // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
         // because WiFi network should be connected.
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc =
-                foundNc.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = callback.eventuallyExpect(
+                CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS).getCaps();
         // Verify if ssid is contained in the NetworkCapabilities received from callback.
-        assertNotNull("NetworkCapabilities of the network is null", nc);
         assertEquals(hasSsid, Pattern.compile(ssid).matcher(nc.toString()).find());
     }
 
@@ -2356,8 +2395,8 @@
         final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
                 // Test networks do not have NOT_VPN or TRUSTED capabilities by default
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         testNetworkInterface.getInterfaceName()))
                 .build();
@@ -2366,14 +2405,15 @@
         final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler));
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler));
 
         Network testNetwork = null;
         try {
             // Request background test network via Shell identity which has NETWORK_SETTINGS
             // permission granted.
             runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
-                    () -> requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler),
+                    () -> networkCallbackRule.requestBackgroundNetwork(
+                            testRequest, callback, handler),
                     new String[] { android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS });
 
             // Register the test network agent which has no foreground request associated to it.
@@ -2444,8 +2484,11 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // On V+, ConnectivityService generates blockedReasons based on bpf map contents even if the
+    // otherUid does not exist on device. So if allowlist chain (e.g. background chain) is enabled,
+    // blockedReasons for otherUid will not be BLOCKED_REASON_NONE.
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testBlockedStatusCallback() throws Exception {
         // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
         // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
@@ -2466,9 +2509,10 @@
         final int otherUid = UserHandle.getUid(5, Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
         final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
 
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(myUidCallback, handler);
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
-                otherUid, otherUidCallback, handler), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(myUidCallback, handler);
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
+                        otherUid, otherUidCallback, handler), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
 
         final Network defaultNetwork = myUidCallback.expect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
         final List<DetailedBlockedStatusCallback> allCallbacks =
@@ -2524,14 +2568,14 @@
         assertNotNull(info);
         assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTED, info.getDetailedState());
 
-        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback;
         try {
             mCmShim.setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(true);
 
             // setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled is asynchronous and only takes effect when the
             // ConnectivityService handler thread processes it. Ensure it has taken effect by doing
             // something that blocks until the handler thread is idle.
-            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+            callback = networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
             waitForAvailable(callback);
 
             // Test one of the effects of setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled: the fact that any NetworkInfo
@@ -2798,9 +2842,9 @@
     private void registerTestOemNetworkPreferenceCallbacks(
             @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCallback,
             @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback) {
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
         runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
-                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback,
+                networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
     }
 
@@ -2916,18 +2960,18 @@
                         + " unless device supports WiFi",
                 mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
         try {
             // Wait for partial connectivity to be detected on the network
             final Network network = preparePartialConnectivity();
 
-            requestNetwork(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), cb);
+            final TestableNetworkCallback cb = networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                    makeWifiNetworkRequest());
             runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
                 // The always bit is verified in NetworkAgentTest
                 mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(network, false /* accept */, false /* always */);
             });
             // Reject partial connectivity network should cause the network being torn down
-            assertEquals(network, cb.waitForLost());
+            assertEquals(network, cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.LOST).getNetwork());
         } finally {
             mHttpServer.stop();
             // Wifi will not automatically reconnect to the network. ensureWifiDisconnected cannot
@@ -2955,17 +2999,17 @@
         assumeTrue("testAcceptPartialConnectivity_validatedNetwork cannot execute"
                         + " unless device supports WiFi and telephony", canRunTest);
 
-        final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         try {
             // Ensure at least one default network candidate connected.
-            mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
 
             final Network wifiNetwork = prepareUnvalidatedNetwork();
             // Default network should not be wifi ,but checking that wifi is not the default doesn't
             // guarantee that it won't become the default in the future.
             assertNotEquals(wifiNetwork, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
-            registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
+            final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(
+                    makeWifiNetworkRequest());
             runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
                 mCm.setAcceptUnvalidated(wifiNetwork, false /* accept */, false /* always */);
             });
@@ -2992,19 +3036,19 @@
         assumeTrue("testSetAvoidUnvalidated cannot execute"
                 + " unless device supports WiFi and telephony", canRunTest);
 
-        final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final int previousAvoidBadWifi =
                 ConnectivitySettingsManager.getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext);
 
         allowBadWifi();
 
         try {
-            final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            final Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
             final Network wifiNetwork = prepareValidatedNetwork();
 
-            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCb);
-            registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
+            final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCb =
+                    networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
+            final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(
+                    makeWifiNetworkRequest());
 
             // Verify wifi is the default network.
             defaultCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
@@ -3067,20 +3111,11 @@
         });
     }
 
-    private Network expectNetworkHasCapability(Network network, int expectedNetCap, long timeout)
-            throws Exception {
-        final CompletableFuture<Network> future = new CompletableFuture();
-        final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback() {
-            @Override
-            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network n, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-                if (n.equals(network) && nc.hasCapability(expectedNetCap)) {
-                    future.complete(network);
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), cb);
-        return future.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    private Network expectNetworkHasCapability(Network network, int expectedNetCap, long timeout) {
+        return networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build())
+                .eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, timeout,
+                        cb -> cb.getNetwork().equals(network)
+                                && cb.getCaps().hasCapability(expectedNetCap)).getNetwork();
     }
 
     private void prepareHttpServer() throws Exception {
@@ -3180,8 +3215,6 @@
 
         if (supportWifi) {
             mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null /* wifiNetworkToCheck */);
-        } else {
-            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromCell();
         }
 
         final CompletableFuture<Boolean> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
@@ -3192,7 +3225,7 @@
             if (supportWifi) {
                 mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
             } else {
-                mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+                networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
             }
             assertTrue(future.get(LISTEN_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         }, () -> {
@@ -3233,13 +3266,14 @@
 
         // For testing mobile data preferred uids feature, it needs both wifi and cell network.
         final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
-        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
         final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
-                systemDefaultCb, h), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultTrackingCb);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCb = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(h),
+                NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCb =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
 
         try {
             // CtsNetTestCases uid is not listed in MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting, so the
@@ -3308,7 +3342,7 @@
         // Create test network agent with restricted network.
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
@@ -3342,23 +3376,23 @@
                 mContext, originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
 
         // File a restricted network request with permission first to hold the connection.
-        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> requestNetwork(testRequest, testNetworkCb),
+        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(testRequest),
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
 
         // File another restricted network request without permission.
         final TestableNetworkCallback restrictedNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest restrictedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
@@ -3375,7 +3409,7 @@
                     NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                     entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
                             && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
-                            .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
             // CtsNetTestCases package doesn't hold CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, so it
             // does not allow to bind socket to restricted network.
             assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> network.bindSocket(socket));
@@ -3393,13 +3427,13 @@
 
             if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
                 // Uid is in allowed list. Try file network request again.
-                requestNetwork(restrictedRequest, restrictedNetworkCb);
+                networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(restrictedRequest, restrictedNetworkCb);
                 // Verify that the network is restricted.
                 restrictedNetworkCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
                         NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                         entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
                                 && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
-                                .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+                                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
             }
         } finally {
             agent.unregister();
@@ -3538,6 +3572,14 @@
         doTestFirewallBlocking(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, ALLOWLIST);
     }
 
+    // Disable test - needs to be fixed
+    @Ignore
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) @ConnectivityModuleTest
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testFirewallBlockingBackground() {
+        doTestFirewallBlocking(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, ALLOWLIST);
+    }
+
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) @ConnectivityModuleTest
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testFirewallBlockingPowersave() {
@@ -3686,63 +3728,263 @@
                 Process.myUid() + 1, EXPECT_OPEN);
     }
 
+    private int getBlockedReason(final int chain) {
+        switch(chain) {
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:
+                return BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+            case  FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE:
+                return BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+            case  FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
+                return BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE;
+            case  FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
+                return BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+            case  FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND:
+                return BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;
+            case  FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY:
+                return BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER:
+                return BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN:
+                return BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1:
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2:
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3:
+                return BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Failed to find blockedReasons for chain: " + chain);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void doTestBlockedReasons_setUidFirewallRule(final int chain, final boolean metered)
+            throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        // Store current Wi-Fi metered value and update metered value
+        final Network currentWifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final NetworkCapabilities wifiNetworkCapabilities = callWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(currentWifiNetwork));
+        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(wifiNetworkCapabilities.getSsid());
+        final boolean oldMeteredValue = wifiNetworkCapabilities.isMetered();
+        final Network wifiNetwork =
+                setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, metered, true /* waitForValidation */);
+
+        // Store current firewall chains status. This test operates on the chain that is passed in,
+        // but also always operates on FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER to ensure that metered
+        // chains are tested as well.
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        final boolean wasChainEnabled = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getFirewallChainEnabled(chain), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        final int previousFirewallRule = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid));
+        final int previousMeteredDenyFirewallRule = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, myUid));
+
+        final DetailedBlockedStatusCallback cb = new DetailedBlockedStatusCallback();
+        networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), cb);
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            int blockedReasonsWithoutChain = BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+            int blockedReasonsWithChain = getBlockedReason(chain);
+            int blockedReasonsWithChainAndLockDown =
+                    getBlockedReason(chain) | BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
+            if (metered) {
+                blockedReasonsWithoutChain |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+                blockedReasonsWithChain |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+                blockedReasonsWithChainAndLockDown |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+            }
+
+            // Set RULE_DENY on target chain and metered deny chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, true /* enable */);
+                mCm.setUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+                mCm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, myUid,
+                        FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(wifiNetwork, blockedReasonsWithChain);
+
+            // Set VPN lockdown
+            final Range<Integer> myUidRange = new Range<>(myUid, myUid);
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> setRequireVpnForUids(
+                    true /* requireVpn */, List.of(myUidRange)), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(wifiNetwork,
+                    blockedReasonsWithChainAndLockDown);
+
+            // Unset VPN lockdown
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> setRequireVpnForUids(
+                    false /* requireVpn */, List.of(myUidRange)), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(wifiNetwork, blockedReasonsWithChain);
+
+            // Set RULE_ALLOW on target chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> mCm.setUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW),
+                    NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(wifiNetwork, blockedReasonsWithoutChain);
+
+            // Set RULE_ALLOW on metered deny chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> mCm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, myUid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW),
+                    NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            if (metered) {
+                cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(wifiNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+            }
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+            setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, oldMeteredValue, false /* waitForValidation */);
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, wasChainEnabled);
+                try {
+                    mCm.setUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid, previousFirewallRule);
+                } catch (IllegalStateException ignored) {
+                    // Removing match causes an exception when the rule entry for the uid does
+                    // not exist. But this is fine and can be ignored.
+                }
+                try {
+                    mCm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, myUid,
+                            previousMeteredDenyFirewallRule);
+                } catch (IllegalStateException ignored) {
+                    // Removing match causes an exception when the rule entry for the uid does
+                    // not exist. But this is fine and can be ignored.
+                }
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) @ConnectivityModuleTest
+    public void testBlockedReasons_setUidFirewallRule() throws Exception {
+        doTestBlockedReasons_setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true /* metered */);
+        doTestBlockedReasons_setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY, false /* metered */);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestBlockedReasons_setFirewallChainEnabled(final int chain) {
+        // Store current firewall chains status.
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        // TODO(b/342508466): Use runAsShell
+        final boolean wasChainEnabled = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getFirewallChainEnabled(chain), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        final int previousFirewallRule = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        final DetailedBlockedStatusCallback cb = new DetailedBlockedStatusCallback();
+        networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(cb);
+        final Network network = cb.expect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            // Disable chain and set RULE_DENY on target chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, false /* enable */);
+                mCm.setUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+
+            // Enable chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, true /* enable */);
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, getBlockedReason(chain));
+
+            // Disable chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, false /* enable */);
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, wasChainEnabled);
+                try {
+                    mCm.setUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid, previousFirewallRule);
+                } catch (IllegalStateException ignored) {
+                    // Removing match causes an exception when the rule entry for the uid does
+                    // not exist. But this is fine and can be ignored.
+                }
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) @ConnectivityModuleTest
+    public void testBlockedReasons_setFirewallChainEnabled() {
+        doTestBlockedReasons_setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE);
+        doTestBlockedReasons_setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestBlockedReasons_replaceFirewallChain(
+            final int chain, final boolean isAllowList) {
+        // Store current firewall chains status.
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        final boolean wasChainEnabled = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getFirewallChainEnabled(chain), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        final int previousFirewallRule = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        final DetailedBlockedStatusCallback cb = new DetailedBlockedStatusCallback();
+        networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(cb);
+        final Network network = cb.expect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+
+            // Remove uid from the target chain and enable chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                // Note that this removes *all* UIDs from the chain, not just the UID that is
+                // being tested. This is probably OK since FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2 is unused
+                // in AOSP and FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND is probably empty when running this
+                // test (since nothing is in the foreground).
+                //
+                // TODO(b/342508466): add a getFirewallUidChainContents or similar method to fetch
+                // chain contents, and update this test to use it.
+                mCm.replaceFirewallChain(chain, new int[0]);
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, true /* enable */);
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+            if (isAllowList) {
+                cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, getBlockedReason(chain));
+            } else {
+                cb.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+            }
+
+            // Put uid on the target chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> mCm.replaceFirewallChain(chain, new int[]{myUid}), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+            if (isAllowList) {
+                cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+            } else {
+                cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, getBlockedReason(chain));
+            }
+
+            // Remove uid from the target chain
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> mCm.replaceFirewallChain(chain, new int[0]), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+            if (isAllowList) {
+                cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, getBlockedReason(chain));
+            } else {
+                cb.eventuallyExpectBlockedStatusCallback(network, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+            }
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, wasChainEnabled);
+                try {
+                    mCm.setUidFirewallRule(chain, myUid, previousFirewallRule);
+                } catch (IllegalStateException ignored) {
+                    // Removing match causes an exception when the rule entry for the uid does
+                    // not exist. But this is fine and can be ignored.
+                }
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) @ConnectivityModuleTest
+    public void testBlockedReasons_replaceFirewallChain() {
+        doTestBlockedReasons_replaceFirewallChain(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true /* isAllowChain */);
+        doTestBlockedReasons_replaceFirewallChain(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2, false /* isAllowChain */);
+    }
+
     private void assumeTestSApis() {
         // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
         // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
     }
-
-    private void unregisterRegisteredCallbacks() {
-        for (NetworkCallback callback: mRegisteredCallbacks) {
-            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback) {
-        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
-        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback) {
-        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
-        mCmShim.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(int uid, NetworkCallback callback,
-            Handler handler) throws Exception {
-        mCmShim.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(uid, callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback) {
-        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback, int timeoutSec) {
-        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback, timeoutSec);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest request,
-            NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
-        mCm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void requestBackgroundNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback,
-            Handler handler) throws Exception {
-        mCmShim.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DiscoveryRequestTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DiscoveryRequestTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..909a5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DiscoveryRequestTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/** CTS tests for {@link DiscoveryRequest}. */
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class DiscoveryRequestTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelingIsLossLess() {
+        val requestWithNullFields =
+                DiscoveryRequest.Builder("_ipps._tcp").build()
+        val requestWithAllFields =
+                DiscoveryRequest.Builder("_ipps._tcp")
+                                .setSubtype("_xyz")
+                                .setNetwork(Network(1))
+                                .build()
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(requestWithNullFields)
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(requestWithAllFields)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder_success() {
+        val request = DiscoveryRequest.Builder("_ipps._tcp")
+                                      .setSubtype("_xyz")
+                                      .setNetwork(Network(1))
+                                      .build()
+
+        assertEquals("_ipps._tcp", request.serviceType)
+        assertEquals("_xyz", request.subtype)
+        assertEquals(Network(1), request.network)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderConstructor_emptyServiceType_throwsIllegalArgument() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException::class.java) {
+            DiscoveryRequest.Builder("")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEquality() {
+        val request1 = DiscoveryRequest.Builder("_ipps._tcp").build()
+        val request2 = DiscoveryRequest.Builder("_ipps._tcp").build()
+        val request3 = DiscoveryRequest.Builder("_ipps._tcp")
+                .setSubtype("_xyz")
+                .setNetwork(Network(1))
+                .build()
+        val request4 = DiscoveryRequest.Builder("_ipps._tcp")
+                .setSubtype("_xyz")
+                .setNetwork(Network(1))
+                .build()
+
+        assertEquals(request1, request2)
+        assertEquals(request3, request4)
+        assertNotEquals(request1, request3)
+        assertNotEquals(request2, request4)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
index 308aead..752891f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETIMEDOUT;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
@@ -59,11 +60,14 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DnsResolverModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.ClassRule;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -80,6 +84,8 @@
 @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public class DnsResolverTest {
+    @ClassRule
+    public static final DeviceConfigRule DEVICE_CONFIG_CLASS_RULE = new DeviceConfigRule();
     @Rule
     public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
@@ -123,6 +129,20 @@
 
     private TestNetworkCallback mWifiRequestCallback = null;
 
+    /**
+     * @see BeforeClass
+     */
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void beforeClass() throws Exception {
+        // Use async private DNS resolution to avoid flakes due to races applying the setting
+        DEVICE_CONFIG_CLASS_RULE.setConfig(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                "networkmonitor_async_privdns_resolution", "1");
+        // Make sure NetworkMonitor is restarted before and after the test so the flag is applied
+        // and cleaned up.
+        maybeToggleWifiAndCell();
+        DEVICE_CONFIG_CLASS_RULE.runAfterNextCleanup(DnsResolverTest::maybeToggleWifiAndCell);
+    }
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
@@ -144,6 +164,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static void maybeToggleWifiAndCell() throws Exception {
+        final CtsNetUtils utils = new CtsNetUtils(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext());
+        utils.reconnectWifiIfSupported();
+        utils.reconnectCellIfSupported();
+    }
+
     private static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
         char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
         for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; ++i) {
@@ -860,4 +886,9 @@
             assertEquals(DnsResolver.ERROR_SYSTEM, e.code);
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoRawBinderAccess() {
+        assertNull(mContext.getSystemService("dnsresolver"));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index b7e5205..6fa2812 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -348,7 +348,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private fun isEthernetSupported() = em != null
+    private fun isEthernetSupported() : Boolean {
+        return context.getSystemService(EthernetManager::class.java) != null
+    }
 
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
@@ -899,6 +901,24 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testEnableDisableInterface_callbacks() {
+        val iface = createInterface()
+        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+        // Uses eventuallyExpect to account for interfaces that could already exist on device
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        disableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        enableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        disableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testUpdateConfiguration_forBothIpConfigAndCapabilities() {
         val iface = createInterface()
         val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.copyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface.name))
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
index 6b7954a..f6a025a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
                         testIpv6Only, requiresValidation, testSessionKey , testIkeTunConnParams)));
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
     public void testStartStopVpnProfileV4() throws Exception {
         doTestStartStopVpnProfile(false /* testIpv6Only */, false /* requiresValidation */,
                 false /* testSessionKey */, false /* testIkeTunConnParams */);
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
                 false /* testSessionKey */, false /* testIkeTunConnParams */);
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
     public void testStartStopVpnProfileV6() throws Exception {
         doTestStartStopVpnProfile(true /* testIpv6Only */, false /* requiresValidation */,
                 false /* testSessionKey */, false /* testIkeTunConnParams */);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
index 7f710d7..2a6c638 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
@@ -26,12 +26,15 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.FIONREAD;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformState;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -65,8 +68,12 @@
 import java.net.SocketImpl;
 import java.net.SocketOptions;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.BitSet;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@@ -83,6 +90,7 @@
     protected static final byte[] TEST_DATA = "Best test data ever!".getBytes();
     protected static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
     protected static final int SOCK_TIMEOUT = 500;
+    protected static final int REPLAY_BITMAP_LEN_BYTE = 512;
 
     private static final byte[] KEY_DATA = {
         0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
@@ -122,6 +130,47 @@
                                 .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
     }
 
+    protected static void checkTransformState(
+            IpSecTransform transform,
+            long txHighestSeqNum,
+            long rxHighestSeqNum,
+            long packetCnt,
+            long byteCnt,
+            byte[] replayBitmap)
+            throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<IpSecTransformState> futureIpSecTransform =
+                new CompletableFuture<>();
+        transform.requestIpSecTransformState(
+                Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
+                new OutcomeReceiver<IpSecTransformState, RuntimeException>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(IpSecTransformState state) {
+                        futureIpSecTransform.complete(state);
+                    }
+                });
+
+        final IpSecTransformState transformState =
+                futureIpSecTransform.get(SOCK_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+        assertEquals(txHighestSeqNum, transformState.getTxHighestSequenceNumber());
+        assertEquals(rxHighestSeqNum, transformState.getRxHighestSequenceNumber());
+        assertEquals(packetCnt, transformState.getPacketCount());
+        assertEquals(byteCnt, transformState.getByteCount());
+        assertArrayEquals(replayBitmap, transformState.getReplayBitmap());
+    }
+
+    protected static void checkTransformStateNoTraffic(IpSecTransform transform) throws Exception {
+        checkTransformState(transform, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, newReplayBitmap(0));
+    }
+
+    protected static byte[] newReplayBitmap(int receivedPktCnt) {
+        final BitSet bitSet = new BitSet(REPLAY_BITMAP_LEN_BYTE * 8);
+        for (int i = 0; i < receivedPktCnt; i++) {
+            bitSet.set(i);
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(bitSet.toByteArray(), REPLAY_BITMAP_LEN_BYTE);
+    }
+
     /** Checks if an IPsec algorithm is enabled on the device */
     protected static boolean hasIpSecAlgorithm(String algorithm) {
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
index fe86a90..b5f43d3 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -63,13 +63,17 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex;
 import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformState;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit;
@@ -98,7 +103,11 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 public class IpSecManagerTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
@@ -381,6 +390,22 @@
         assumeTrue("Not supported by kernel", isIpv6UdpEncapSupportedByKernel());
     }
 
+    // TODO: b/319532485 Figure out whether to support x86_32
+    private static boolean isRequestTransformStateSupportedByKernel() {
+        return NetworkUtils.isKernel64Bit() || !NetworkUtils.isKernelX86();
+    }
+
+    // Package private for use in IpSecManagerTunnelTest
+    static boolean isRequestTransformStateSupported() {
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastV() && isRequestTransformStateSupportedByKernel();
+    }
+
+    // Package private for use in IpSecManagerTunnelTest
+    static void assumeRequestIpSecTransformStateSupported() {
+        assumeTrue("Not supported before V", SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        assumeTrue("Not supported by kernel", isRequestTransformStateSupportedByKernel());
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testCreateTransformIpv4() throws Exception {
         doTestCreateTransform(IPV4_LOOPBACK, false);
@@ -426,6 +451,11 @@
             long uidTxDelta = 0;
             long uidRxDelta = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                // Clear TrafficStats cache is needed to avoid rate-limit caching for
+                // TrafficStats API results on V+ devices.
+                if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                    runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches());
+                }
                 uidTxDelta = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Os.getuid()) - uidTxPackets;
                 uidRxDelta = TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(Os.getuid()) - uidRxPackets;
 
@@ -500,6 +530,11 @@
         }
 
         private static void initStatsChecker() throws Exception {
+            // Clear TrafficStats cache is needed to avoid rate-limit caching for
+            // TrafficStats API results on V+ devices.
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches());
+            }
             uidTxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(Os.getuid());
             uidRxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(Os.getuid());
             uidTxPackets = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Os.getuid());
@@ -1596,4 +1631,65 @@
             assertTrue("Returned invalid port", encapSocket.getPort() != 0);
         }
     }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestIpSecTransformState() throws Exception {
+        assumeRequestIpSecTransformStateSupported();
+
+        final InetAddress localAddr = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(IPV6_LOOPBACK);
+        try (SecurityParameterIndex spi = mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localAddr);
+                IpSecTransform transform =
+                        buildTransportModeTransform(spi, localAddr, null /* encapSocket*/)) {
+            final SocketPair<JavaUdpSocket> sockets =
+                    getJavaUdpSocketPair(localAddr, mISM, transform, false);
+
+            sockets.mLeftSock.sendTo(TEST_DATA, localAddr, sockets.mRightSock.getPort());
+            sockets.mRightSock.receive();
+
+            final int expectedPacketCount = 1;
+            final int expectedInnerPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + UDP_HDRLEN;
+
+            checkTransformState(
+                    transform,
+                    expectedPacketCount,
+                    expectedPacketCount,
+                    2 * (long) expectedPacketCount,
+                    2 * (long) expectedInnerPacketSize,
+                    newReplayBitmap(expectedPacketCount));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestIpSecTransformStateOnClosedTransform() throws Exception {
+        assumeRequestIpSecTransformStateSupported();
+
+        final InetAddress localAddr = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(IPV6_LOOPBACK);
+        final CompletableFuture<RuntimeException> futureError = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        try (SecurityParameterIndex spi = mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localAddr);
+                IpSecTransform transform =
+                        buildTransportModeTransform(spi, localAddr, null /* encapSocket*/)) {
+            transform.close();
+
+            transform.requestIpSecTransformState(
+                    Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
+                    new OutcomeReceiver<IpSecTransformState, RuntimeException>() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onResult(IpSecTransformState state) {
+                            fail("Expect to fail but received a state");
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void onError(RuntimeException error) {
+                            futureError.complete(error);
+                        }
+                    });
+
+            assertTrue(
+                    futureError.get(SOCK_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                            instanceof IllegalStateException);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
index 1ede5c1..22a51d6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS;
 import static android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
 import static android.net.cts.IpSecManagerTest.assumeExperimentalIpv6UdpEncapSupported;
+import static android.net.cts.IpSecManagerTest.assumeRequestIpSecTransformStateSupported;
 import static android.net.cts.IpSecManagerTest.isIpv6UdpEncapSupported;
+import static android.net.cts.IpSecManagerTest.isRequestTransformStateSupported;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.BytePayload;
@@ -117,6 +119,8 @@
 
     private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
 
+    private static final int PACKET_COUNT = 5000;
+
     // Static state to reduce setup/teardown
     private static ConnectivityManager sCM;
     private static TestNetworkManager sTNM;
@@ -256,7 +260,7 @@
     }
 
     /* Test runnables for callbacks after IPsec tunnels are set up. */
-    private abstract class IpSecTunnelTestRunnable {
+    private interface IpSecTunnelTestRunnable {
         /**
          * Runs the test code, and returns the inner socket port, if any.
          *
@@ -282,8 +286,7 @@
                 throws Exception;
     }
 
-    private int getPacketSize(
-            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode) {
+    private static int getInnerPacketSize(int innerFamily, boolean transportInTunnelMode) {
         int expectedPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + UDP_HDRLEN;
 
         // Inner Transport mode packet size
@@ -299,6 +302,13 @@
         // Inner IP Header
         expectedPacketSize += innerFamily == AF_INET ? IP4_HDRLEN : IP6_HDRLEN;
 
+        return expectedPacketSize;
+    }
+
+    private static int getPacketSize(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode) {
+        int expectedPacketSize = getInnerPacketSize(innerFamily, transportInTunnelMode);
+
         // Tunnel mode transform size
         expectedPacketSize =
                 PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
@@ -401,6 +411,20 @@
                             spi, TEST_DATA, useEncap, expectedPacketSize);
                     socket.close();
 
+                    if (isRequestTransformStateSupported()) {
+                        final int innerPacketSize =
+                                getInnerPacketSize(innerFamily, transportInTunnelMode);
+
+                        checkTransformState(
+                                outTunnelTransform,
+                                seqNum,
+                                0L,
+                                seqNum,
+                                seqNum * (long) innerPacketSize,
+                                newReplayBitmap(0));
+                        checkTransformStateNoTraffic(inTunnelTransform);
+                    }
+
                     return innerSocketPort;
                 }
             };
@@ -524,6 +548,22 @@
 
                     socket.close();
 
+                    if (isRequestTransformStateSupported()) {
+                        final int innerFamily =
+                                localInner instanceof Inet4Address ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
+                        final int innerPacketSize =
+                                getInnerPacketSize(innerFamily, transportInTunnelMode);
+
+                        checkTransformStateNoTraffic(outTunnelTransform);
+                        checkTransformState(
+                                inTunnelTransform,
+                                0L,
+                                seqNum,
+                                seqNum,
+                                seqNum * (long) innerPacketSize,
+                                newReplayBitmap(seqNum));
+                    }
+
                     return 0;
                 }
             };
@@ -1127,6 +1167,18 @@
         return innerSocketPort;
     }
 
+    private int buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTestsSimple(int spi, IpSecTunnelTestRunnable test)
+            throws Exception {
+        return buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+                LOCAL_INNER_6,
+                REMOTE_INNER_6,
+                LOCAL_OUTER_6,
+                REMOTE_OUTER_6,
+                spi,
+                null /* encapSocket */,
+                test);
+    }
+
     private static void receiveAndValidatePacket(JavaUdpSocket socket) throws Exception {
         byte[] socketResponseBytes = socket.receive();
         assertArrayEquals(TEST_DATA, socketResponseBytes);
@@ -1691,4 +1743,101 @@
         assumeExperimentalIpv6UdpEncapSupported();
         doTestMigrateTunnelModeTransform(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, true, false);
     }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestIpSecTransformStateForRx() throws Exception {
+        assumeRequestIpSecTransformStateSupported();
+
+        final int spi = getRandomSpi(LOCAL_OUTER_6, REMOTE_OUTER_6);
+        buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTestsSimple(
+                spi,
+                (ipsecNetwork,
+                        tunnelIface,
+                        tunUtils,
+                        inTunnelTransform,
+                        outTunnelTransform,
+                        localOuter,
+                        remoteOuter,
+                        seqNum) -> {
+                    // Build a socket and send traffic
+                    final JavaUdpSocket socket = new JavaUdpSocket(LOCAL_INNER_6);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(socket.mSocket);
+                    int innerSocketPort = socket.getPort();
+
+                    for (int i = 1; i < PACKET_COUNT + 1; i++) {
+                        byte[] pkt =
+                                getTunnelModePacket(
+                                        spi,
+                                        REMOTE_INNER_6,
+                                        LOCAL_INNER_6,
+                                        remoteOuter,
+                                        localOuter,
+                                        innerSocketPort,
+                                        0,
+                                        i);
+                        tunUtils.injectPacket(pkt);
+                        receiveAndValidatePacket(socket);
+                    }
+
+                    final int innerPacketSize = getInnerPacketSize(AF_INET6, false);
+                    checkTransformState(
+                            inTunnelTransform,
+                            0L,
+                            PACKET_COUNT,
+                            PACKET_COUNT,
+                            PACKET_COUNT * (long) innerPacketSize,
+                            newReplayBitmap(REPLAY_BITMAP_LEN_BYTE * 8));
+
+                    return innerSocketPort;
+                });
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestIpSecTransformStateForTx() throws Exception {
+        assumeRequestIpSecTransformStateSupported();
+
+        final int spi = getRandomSpi(LOCAL_OUTER_6, REMOTE_OUTER_6);
+        buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTestsSimple(
+                spi,
+                (ipsecNetwork,
+                        tunnelIface,
+                        tunUtils,
+                        inTunnelTransform,
+                        outTunnelTransform,
+                        localOuter,
+                        remoteOuter,
+                        seqNum) -> {
+                    // Build a socket and send traffic
+                    final JavaUdpSocket outSocket = new JavaUdpSocket(LOCAL_INNER_6);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(outSocket.mSocket);
+                    int innerSocketPort = outSocket.getPort();
+
+                    int expectedPacketSize =
+                            getPacketSize(
+                                    AF_INET6,
+                                    AF_INET6,
+                                    false /* useEncap */,
+                                    false /* transportInTunnelMode */);
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < PACKET_COUNT; i++) {
+                        outSocket.sendTo(TEST_DATA, REMOTE_INNER_6, innerSocketPort);
+                        tunUtils.awaitEspPacketNoPlaintext(
+                                spi, TEST_DATA, false /* useEncap */, expectedPacketSize);
+                    }
+
+                    final int innerPacketSize =
+                            getInnerPacketSize(AF_INET6, false /* transportInTunnelMode */);
+                    checkTransformState(
+                            outTunnelTransform,
+                            PACKET_COUNT,
+                            0L,
+                            PACKET_COUNT,
+                            PACKET_COUNT * (long) innerPacketSize,
+                            newReplayBitmap(0));
+
+                    return innerSocketPort;
+                });
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecTransformStateTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecTransformStateTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b42306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecTransformStateTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.IpSecTransformState;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+public class IpSecTransformStateTest {
+    @Rule public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final long TIMESTAMP_MILLIS = 1000L;
+    private static final long HIGHEST_SEQ_NUMBER_TX = 10000L;
+    private static final long HIGHEST_SEQ_NUMBER_RX = 20000L;
+    private static final long PACKET_COUNT = 9000L;
+    private static final long BYTE_COUNT = 900000L;
+
+    private static final int REPLAY_BITMAP_LEN_BYTE = 512;
+    private static final byte[] REPLAY_BITMAP_NO_PACKETS = new byte[REPLAY_BITMAP_LEN_BYTE];
+    private static final byte[] REPLAY_BITMAP_ALL_RECEIVED = new byte[REPLAY_BITMAP_LEN_BYTE];
+
+    static {
+        for (int i = 0; i < REPLAY_BITMAP_ALL_RECEIVED.length; i++) {
+            REPLAY_BITMAP_ALL_RECEIVED[i] = (byte) 0xff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildAndGet() {
+        final IpSecTransformState state =
+                new IpSecTransformState.Builder()
+                        .setTimestampMillis(TIMESTAMP_MILLIS)
+                        .setTxHighestSequenceNumber(HIGHEST_SEQ_NUMBER_TX)
+                        .setRxHighestSequenceNumber(HIGHEST_SEQ_NUMBER_RX)
+                        .setPacketCount(PACKET_COUNT)
+                        .setByteCount(BYTE_COUNT)
+                        .setReplayBitmap(REPLAY_BITMAP_ALL_RECEIVED)
+                        .build();
+
+        assertEquals(TIMESTAMP_MILLIS, state.getTimestampMillis());
+        assertEquals(HIGHEST_SEQ_NUMBER_TX, state.getTxHighestSequenceNumber());
+        assertEquals(HIGHEST_SEQ_NUMBER_RX, state.getRxHighestSequenceNumber());
+        assertEquals(PACKET_COUNT, state.getPacketCount());
+        assertEquals(BYTE_COUNT, state.getByteCount());
+        assertArrayEquals(REPLAY_BITMAP_ALL_RECEIVED, state.getReplayBitmap());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelfGeneratedTimestampMillis() {
+        final long elapsedRealtimeBefore = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+
+        final IpSecTransformState state =
+                new IpSecTransformState.Builder().setReplayBitmap(REPLAY_BITMAP_NO_PACKETS).build();
+
+        final long elapsedRealtimeAfter = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+
+        // Verify  elapsedRealtimeBefore <= state.getTimestampMillis() <= elapsedRealtimeAfter
+        assertFalse(elapsedRealtimeBefore > state.getTimestampMillis());
+        assertFalse(elapsedRealtimeAfter < state.getTimestampMillis());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildWithoutReplayBitmap() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            new IpSecTransformState.Builder().build();
+            fail("Expected expcetion if replay bitmap is not set");
+        } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
index eef3f87..93cec9c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
@@ -23,11 +23,15 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_DST_ADDR_OFFSET
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_HEADER_LEN
 import com.android.net.module.util.TrackRecord
 import com.android.testutils.IPv6UdpFilter
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import java.net.InetAddress
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertNull
@@ -236,19 +240,28 @@
 private fun getMdnsPayload(packet: ByteArray) = packet.copyOfRange(
     ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + UDP_HEADER_LEN, packet.size)
 
+private fun getDstAddr(packet: ByteArray): Inet6Address {
+    val v6AddrPos = ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_DST_ADDR_OFFSET
+    return Inet6Address.getByAddress(packet.copyOfRange(v6AddrPos, v6AddrPos + IPV6_ADDR_LEN))
+            as Inet6Address
+}
+
 fun TapPacketReader.pollForMdnsPacket(
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
     predicate: (TestDnsPacket) -> Boolean
 ): TestDnsPacket? {
     val mdnsProbeFilter = IPv6UdpFilter(srcPort = MDNS_PORT, dstPort = MDNS_PORT).and {
+        val dst = getDstAddr(it)
         val mdnsPayload = getMdnsPayload(it)
         try {
-            predicate(TestDnsPacket(mdnsPayload))
+            predicate(TestDnsPacket(mdnsPayload, dst))
         } catch (e: DnsPacket.ParseException) {
             false
         }
     }
-    return poll(timeoutMs, mdnsProbeFilter)?.let { TestDnsPacket(getMdnsPayload(it)) }
+    return poll(timeoutMs, mdnsProbeFilter)?.let {
+        TestDnsPacket(getMdnsPayload(it), getDstAddr(it))
+    }
 }
 
 fun TapPacketReader.pollForProbe(
@@ -274,6 +287,12 @@
 ): TestDnsPacket? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isQueryFor(recordName, *requiredTypes) }
 
 fun TapPacketReader.pollForReply(
+    recordName: String,
+    type: Int,
+    timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
+): TestDnsPacket? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isReplyFor(recordName, type) }
+
+fun TapPacketReader.pollForReply(
     serviceName: String,
     serviceType: String,
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
@@ -281,7 +300,7 @@
     it.isReplyFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local")
 }
 
-class TestDnsPacket(data: ByteArray) : DnsPacket(data) {
+class TestDnsPacket(data: ByteArray, val dstAddr: InetAddress) : DnsPacket(data) {
     val header: DnsHeader
         get() = mHeader
     val records: Array<List<DnsRecord>>
@@ -290,9 +309,10 @@
         it.dName == name && it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_ANY
     }
 
-    fun isReplyFor(name: String): Boolean = mRecords[ANSECTION].any {
-        it.dName == name && it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_SRV
-    }
+    fun isReplyFor(name: String, type: Int = DnsResolver.TYPE_SRV): Boolean =
+        mRecords[ANSECTION].any {
+            it.dName == name && it.nsType == type
+        }
 
     fun isQueryFor(name: String, vararg requiredTypes: Int): Boolean = requiredTypes.all { type ->
         mRecords[QDSECTION].any {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
index 17a9ca2..06a827b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,17 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -28,9 +38,29 @@
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 
-public class MultinetworkApiTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class MultinetworkApiTest {
+    @Rule(order = 1)
+    public final DeviceConfigRule mDeviceConfigRule = new DeviceConfigRule();
+
+    @Rule(order = 2)
+    public final AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
+            mNetworkCallbackRule = new AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule();
 
     static {
         System.loadLibrary("nativemultinetwork_jni");
@@ -56,24 +86,20 @@
     private ContentResolver mCR;
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
     private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
-    private String mOldMode;
-    private String mOldDnsSpecifier;
+    private Context mContext;
+    private Network mRequestedCellNetwork;
 
-    @Override
-    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        mCR = getContext().getContentResolver();
-        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(getContext());
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
+        mCM = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mCR = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        super.tearDown();
-    }
-
-    public void testGetaddrinfo() throws ErrnoException {
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+    @Test
+    public void testGetaddrinfo() throws Exception {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             int errno = runGetaddrinfoCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
             if (errno != 0) {
                 throw new ErrnoException(
@@ -82,13 +108,14 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
     @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
-    public void testSetprocnetwork() throws ErrnoException {
+    public void testSetprocnetwork() throws Exception {
         // Hopefully no prior test in this process space has set a default network.
         assertNull(mCM.getProcessDefaultNetwork());
         assertEquals(0, NetworkUtils.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
 
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             mCM.setProcessDefaultNetwork(null);
             assertNull(mCM.getProcessDefaultNetwork());
 
@@ -107,7 +134,7 @@
             mCM.setProcessDefaultNetwork(null);
         }
 
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetwork(0);
             assertNull(mCM.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
 
@@ -125,9 +152,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
     @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
-    public void testSetsocknetwork() throws ErrnoException {
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+    public void testSetsocknetwork() throws Exception {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             int errno = runSetsocknetwork(network.getNetworkHandle());
             if (errno != 0) {
                 throw new ErrnoException(
@@ -136,8 +164,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void testNativeDatagramTransmission() throws ErrnoException {
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+    @Test
+    public void testNativeDatagramTransmission() throws Exception {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             int errno = runDatagramCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
             if (errno != 0) {
                 throw new ErrnoException(
@@ -146,7 +175,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void testNoSuchNetwork() {
+    @Test
+    public void testNoSuchNetwork() throws Exception {
         final Network eNoNet = new Network(54321);
         assertNull(mCM.getNetworkInfo(eNoNet));
 
@@ -158,9 +188,10 @@
         // assertEquals(-OsConstants.ENONET, runGetaddrinfoCheck(eNoNetHandle));
     }
 
-    public void testNetworkHandle() {
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkHandle() throws Exception {
         // Test Network -> NetworkHandle -> Network results in the same Network.
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             long networkHandle = network.getNetworkHandle();
             Network newNetwork = Network.fromNetworkHandle(networkHandle);
             assertEquals(newNetwork, network);
@@ -181,10 +212,9 @@
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {}
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testResNApi() throws Exception {
-        final Network[] testNetworks = mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks();
-
-        for (Network network : testNetworks) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             // Throws AssertionError directly in jni function if test fail.
             runResNqueryCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
             runResNsendCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
@@ -201,14 +231,26 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
     @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
-    public void testResNApiNXDomainPrivateDns() throws InterruptedException {
+    public void testResNApiNXDomainPrivateDns() throws Exception {
+        // Use async private DNS resolution to avoid flakes due to races applying the setting
+        mDeviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                "networkmonitor_async_privdns_resolution", "1");
+        mCtsNetUtils.reconnectWifiIfSupported();
+        mCtsNetUtils.reconnectCellIfSupported();
+
         mCtsNetUtils.storePrivateDnsSetting();
+
+        mDeviceConfigRule.runAfterNextCleanup(() -> {
+            mCtsNetUtils.reconnectWifiIfSupported();
+            mCtsNetUtils.reconnectCellIfSupported();
+        });
         // Enable private DNS strict mode and set server to dns.google before doing NxDomain test.
         // b/144521720
         try {
             mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
-            for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+            for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
               // Wait for private DNS setting to propagate.
               mCtsNetUtils.awaitPrivateDnsSetting("NxDomain test wait private DNS setting timeout",
                         network, GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER, true);
@@ -218,4 +260,52 @@
             mCtsNetUtils.restorePrivateDnsSetting();
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all testable Networks with internet capability.
+     */
+    private Set<Network> getTestableNetworks() throws InterruptedException {
+        // Calling requestNetwork() to request a cell or Wi-Fi network via CtsNetUtils or
+        // NetworkCallbackRule requires the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission. This permission cannot
+        // be granted to instant apps. Therefore, return currently available testable networks
+        // directly in instant mode.
+        if (mContext.getApplicationInfo().isInstantApp()) {
+            return new ArraySet<>(mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks());
+        }
+
+        // Obtain cell and Wi-Fi through CtsNetUtils (which uses NetworkCallbacks), as they may have
+        // just been reconnected by the test using NetworkCallbacks, so synchronous calls may not
+        // yet return them (synchronous calls and callbacks should not be mixed for a given
+        // Network).
+        final Set<Network> testableNetworks = new ArraySet<>();
+        if (mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)) {
+            if (mRequestedCellNetwork == null) {
+                mRequestedCellNetwork = mNetworkCallbackRule.requestCell();
+            }
+            assertNotNull("Cell network requested but not obtained", mRequestedCellNetwork);
+            testableNetworks.add(mRequestedCellNetwork);
+        }
+
+        if (mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            testableNetworks.add(mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected());
+        }
+
+        // Obtain other networks through the synchronous API, if any.
+        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            if (nc != null
+                    && !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    && !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+                testableNetworks.add(network);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // In practice this should not happen as getTestableNetworks throws if there is no network
+        // at all.
+        assertFalse("This device does not support WiFi nor cell data, and does not have any other "
+                        + "network connected. This test requires at least one internet-providing "
+                        + "network.",
+                testableNetworks.isEmpty());
+        return testableNetworks;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index 392cba9..beb9274 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -15,9 +15,13 @@
  */
 package android.net.cts
 
+import android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE
 import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE
 import android.app.Instrumentation
 import android.content.Context
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier
 import android.net.INetworkAgent
@@ -44,7 +48,9 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
@@ -53,6 +59,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkReleasedException
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier
 import android.net.QosCallback
 import android.net.QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException
 import android.net.QosCallbackException
@@ -61,29 +68,41 @@
 import android.net.QosSocketInfo
 import android.net.RouteInfo
 import android.net.SocketKeepalive
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface
 import android.net.TestNetworkManager
+import android.net.TransportInfo
 import android.net.Uri
 import android.net.VpnManager
 import android.net.VpnTransportInfo
 import android.net.cts.NetworkAgentTest.TestableQosCallback.CallbackEntry.OnError
 import android.net.cts.NetworkAgentTest.TestableQosCallback.CallbackEntry.OnQosSessionAvailable
 import android.net.cts.NetworkAgentTest.TestableQosCallback.CallbackEntry.OnQosSessionLost
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo
 import android.os.Build
+import android.os.ConditionVariable
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.Message
+import android.os.PersistableBundle
 import android.os.Process
 import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager.CarrierPrivilegesCallback
 import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes
+import android.util.ArraySet
 import android.util.DebugUtils.valueToString
+import android.util.Log
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingSupplier
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.UiccUtil
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
@@ -112,12 +131,15 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnValidationStatus
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
 import java.io.Closeable
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.net.DatagramSocket
 import java.net.InetAddress
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.net.Socket
+import java.security.MessageDigest
 import java.time.Duration
 import java.util.Arrays
 import java.util.UUID
@@ -130,6 +152,7 @@
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import kotlin.test.fail
 import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -141,6 +164,7 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
 
+private const val TAG = "NetworkAgentTest"
 // This test doesn't really have a constraint on how fast the methods should return. If it's
 // going to fail, it will simply wait forever, so setting a high timeout lowers the flake ratio
 // without affecting the run time of successful runs. Thus, set a very high timeout.
@@ -261,17 +285,18 @@
         callbacksToCleanUp.add(callback)
     }
 
-    private fun makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier: String? = null): NetworkRequest {
-        return NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .clearCapabilities()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .also {
-                    if (specifier != null) {
-                        it.setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(specifier))
-                    }
-                }
-                .build()
-    }
+    private fun String?.asEthSpecifier(): NetworkSpecifier? =
+            if (null == this) null else CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(this)
+    private fun makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier: NetworkSpecifier? = null) =
+            NetworkRequest.Builder().run {
+                clearCapabilities()
+                addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                if (specifier != null) setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                build()
+            }
+
+    private fun makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier: String?) =
+            makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier.asEthSpecifier())
 
     private fun makeTestNetworkCapabilities(
         specifier: String? = null,
@@ -322,7 +347,7 @@
     ): Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, TestableNetworkCallback> {
         val callback = TestableNetworkCallback()
         // Ensure this NetworkAgent is never unneeded by filing a request with its specifier.
-        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier = specifier), callback)
+        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier), callback)
         val nc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(specifier, transports)
         val agent = createNetworkAgent(context, initialConfig = initialConfig, initialNc = nc)
         agent.setTeardownDelayMillis(0)
@@ -543,6 +568,275 @@
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
                 .setAllowedUids(uids.toSet()).build()
 
+    /**
+     * Get the single element from this ArraySet, or fail() if doesn't contain exactly 1 element.
+     */
+    fun <T> ArraySet<T>.getSingleElement(): T {
+        if (size != 1) fail("Expected exactly one element, contained $size")
+        return iterator().next()
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestAllowedUids(
+            transports: IntArray,
+            uid: Int,
+            expectUidsPresent: Boolean,
+            specifier: NetworkSpecifier?,
+            transportInfo: TransportInfo?
+    ) {
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(initialNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().run {
+            addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+            transports.forEach { addTransportType(it) }
+            addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+            setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+            setTransportInfo(transportInfo)
+            setAllowedUids(setOf(uid))
+            setOwnerUid(Process.myUid())
+            setAdministratorUids(intArrayOf(Process.myUid()))
+            build()
+        })
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity {
+            agent.register()
+        }
+        agent.markConnected()
+
+        registerNetworkCallback(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier), callback)
+        callback.expect<Available>(agent.network!!)
+        callback.expect<CapabilitiesChanged>(agent.network!!) {
+            if (expectUidsPresent) {
+                it.caps.allowedUidsNoCopy.getSingleElement() == uid
+            } else {
+                it.caps.allowedUidsNoCopy.isEmpty()
+            }
+        }
+        agent.unregister()
+        callback.eventuallyExpect<Lost> { it.network == agent.network }
+        // callback will be unregistered in tearDown()
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestAllowedUids(
+            transport: Int,
+            uid: Int,
+            expectUidsPresent: Boolean
+    ) {
+        doTestAllowedUids(intArrayOf(transport), uid, expectUidsPresent,
+                specifier = null, transportInfo = null)
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(
+            subId: Int,
+            transport: Int,
+            uid: Int,
+            expectUidsPresent: Boolean
+    ) {
+        doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(subId, intArrayOf(transport), uid, expectUidsPresent)
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(
+            subId: Int,
+            transports: IntArray,
+            uid: Int,
+            expectUidsPresent: Boolean
+    ) {
+        val specifier = when {
+            transports.size != 1 -> null
+            TRANSPORT_ETHERNET in transports -> EthernetNetworkSpecifier("testInterface")
+            TRANSPORT_CELLULAR in transports -> TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(subId)
+            else -> null
+        }
+        val transportInfo = if (TRANSPORT_WIFI in transports && SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            // setSubscriptionId only exists in V+
+            WifiInfo.Builder().setSubscriptionId(subId).build()
+        } else {
+            null
+        }
+        doTestAllowedUids(transports, uid, expectUidsPresent, specifier, transportInfo)
+    }
+
+    private fun setHoldCarrierPrivilege(hold: Boolean, subId: Int) {
+        fun getCertHash(): String {
+            val pkgInfo = realContext.packageManager.getPackageInfo(realContext.opPackageName,
+                    PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES)
+            val digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")
+            val certHash = digest.digest(pkgInfo.signatures!![0]!!.toByteArray())
+            return UiccUtil.bytesToHexString(certHash)!!
+        }
+
+        val tm = realContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)!!
+        val ccm = realContext.getSystemService(CarrierConfigManager::class.java)!!
+
+        val cv = ConditionVariable()
+        val cpb = PrivilegeWaiterCallback(cv)
+        tryTest {
+            val slotIndex = SubscriptionManager.getSlotIndex(subId)!!
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+                tm.registerCarrierPrivilegesCallback(slotIndex, { it.run() }, cpb)
+            }
+            // Wait for the callback to be registered
+            assertTrue(cv.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS), "Can't register CarrierPrivilegesCallback")
+            if (cpb.hasPrivilege == hold) {
+                if (hold) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Package ${realContext.opPackageName} already is privileged")
+                } else {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Package ${realContext.opPackageName} already isn't privileged")
+                }
+                return@tryTest
+            }
+            cv.close()
+            runAsShell(MODIFY_PHONE_STATE) {
+                val carrierConfigs = if (hold) {
+                    PersistableBundle().also {
+                        it.putStringArray(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CERTIFICATE_STRING_ARRAY,
+                                arrayOf(getCertHash()))
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    null
+                }
+                ccm.overrideConfig(subId, carrierConfigs)
+            }
+            assertTrue(cv.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS), "Can't change carrier privilege")
+        } cleanup {
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+                tm.unregisterCarrierPrivilegesCallback(cpb)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun acquireCarrierPrivilege(subId: Int) = setHoldCarrierPrivilege(true, subId)
+    private fun dropCarrierPrivilege(subId: Int) = setHoldCarrierPrivilege(false, subId)
+
+    private fun setCarrierServicePackageOverride(subId: Int, pkg: String?) {
+        val tm = realContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)!!
+
+        val cv = ConditionVariable()
+        val cpb = CarrierServiceChangedWaiterCallback(cv)
+        tryTest {
+            val slotIndex = SubscriptionManager.getSlotIndex(subId)!!
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+                tm.registerCarrierPrivilegesCallback(slotIndex, { it.run() }, cpb)
+            }
+            // Wait for the callback to be registered
+            assertTrue(cv.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS), "Can't register CarrierPrivilegesCallback")
+            if (cpb.pkgName == pkg) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Carrier service package was already $pkg")
+                return@tryTest
+            }
+            cv.close()
+            runAsShell(MODIFY_PHONE_STATE) {
+                if (null == pkg) {
+                    // There is a bug is clear-carrier-service-package-override where not adding
+                    // the -s argument will use the wrong slot index : b/299604822
+                    runShellCommand("cmd phone clear-carrier-service-package-override" +
+                            " -s $subId")
+                } else {
+                    // -s could set the subId, but this test works with the default subId.
+                    runShellCommand("cmd phone set-carrier-service-package-override $pkg")
+                }
+            }
+            assertTrue(cv.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS), "Can't modify carrier service package")
+        } cleanup {
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+                tm.unregisterCarrierPrivilegesCallback(cpb)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun String.execute() = runShellCommand(this).trim()
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    fun testAllowedUids() {
+        doTestAllowedUids(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, Process.myUid(), expectUidsPresent = false)
+        doTestAllowedUids(TRANSPORT_WIFI, Process.myUid(), expectUidsPresent = false)
+        doTestAllowedUids(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH, Process.myUid(), expectUidsPresent = false)
+
+        // TODO(b/315136340): Allow ownerUid to see allowedUids and add cases that expect uids
+        // present
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    fun testAllowedUids_WithCarrierServicePackage() {
+        assumeTrue(realContext.packageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION))
+
+        // Use a different package than this one to make sure that a package that doesn't hold
+        // carrier service permission can be set as an allowed UID.
+        val servicePackage = "android.net.cts.carrierservicepackage"
+        val uid = try {
+            realContext.packageManager.getApplicationInfo(servicePackage, 0).uid
+        } catch (e: PackageManager.NameNotFoundException) {
+            fail("$servicePackage could not be installed, please check the SuiteApkInstaller" +
+                    " installed CtsCarrierServicePackage.apk", e)
+        }
+
+        val tm = realContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)!!
+        val defaultSubId = SubscriptionManager.getDefaultSubscriptionId()
+        assertTrue(defaultSubId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
+                "getDefaultSubscriptionId returns INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID")
+        tryTest {
+            // This process is not the carrier service UID, so allowedUids should be ignored in all
+            // the following cases.
+            doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(defaultSubId, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, uid,
+                    expectUidsPresent = false)
+            doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(defaultSubId, TRANSPORT_WIFI, uid,
+                    expectUidsPresent = false)
+            doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(defaultSubId, TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH, uid,
+                    expectUidsPresent = false)
+
+            // The tools to set the carrier service package override do not exist before U,
+            // so there is no way to test the rest of this test on < U.
+            if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) return@tryTest
+            // Acquiring carrier privilege is necessary to override the carrier service package.
+            val defaultSlotIndex = SubscriptionManager.getSlotIndex(defaultSubId)
+            acquireCarrierPrivilege(defaultSubId)
+            setCarrierServicePackageOverride(defaultSubId, servicePackage)
+            val actualServicePackage: String? = runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+                tm.getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot(defaultSlotIndex)
+            }
+            assertEquals(servicePackage, actualServicePackage)
+
+            // Wait for CarrierServiceAuthenticator to have seen the update of the service package
+            val timeout = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS
+            while (true) {
+                if (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() > timeout) {
+                    fail("Couldn't make $servicePackage the service package for $defaultSubId: " +
+                            "dumpsys connectivity".execute().split("\n")
+                                    .filter { it.contains("Logical slot = $defaultSlotIndex.*") })
+                }
+                if ("dumpsys connectivity"
+                        .execute()
+                        .split("\n")
+                        .filter { it.contains("Logical slot = $defaultSlotIndex : uid = $uid") }
+                        .isNotEmpty()) {
+                    // Found the configuration
+                    break
+                }
+                Thread.sleep(500)
+            }
+
+            // Cell and WiFi are allowed to set UIDs, but not Bluetooth or agents with multiple
+            // transports.
+            // TODO(b/315136340): Allow ownerUid to see allowedUids and enable below test case
+            // doTestAllowedUids(defaultSubId, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, uid, expectUidsPresent = true)
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                // Cannot be tested before V because WifiInfo.Builder#setSubscriptionId doesn't
+                // exist
+                // TODO(b/315136340): Allow ownerUid to see allowedUids and enable below test case
+                // doTestAllowedUids(defaultSubId, TRANSPORT_WIFI, uid, expectUidsPresent = true)
+            }
+            doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(defaultSubId, TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH, uid,
+                    expectUidsPresent = false)
+            doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(defaultSubId, intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, TRANSPORT_WIFI),
+                    uid, expectUidsPresent = false)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) setCarrierServicePackageOverride(defaultSubId, null)
+        } cleanup {
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) dropCarrierPrivilege(defaultSubId)
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testRejectedUpdates() {
         val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
@@ -704,7 +998,6 @@
                 argThat<NetworkInfo> { it.detailedState == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING },
                 any(LinkProperties::class.java),
                 any(NetworkCapabilities::class.java),
-                any(), // LocalNetworkConfig TODO : specify when it's public
                 any(NetworkScore::class.java),
                 any(NetworkAgentConfig::class.java),
                 eq(NetworkProvider.ID_NONE))
@@ -1497,3 +1790,25 @@
         doTestNativeNetworkCreation(expectCreatedImmediately = true, intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_VPN))
     }
 }
+
+// Subclasses of CarrierPrivilegesCallback can't be inline, or they'll be compiled as
+// inner classes of the test class and will fail resolution on R as the test harness
+// uses reflection to list all methods and classes
+class PrivilegeWaiterCallback(private val cv: ConditionVariable) :
+        CarrierPrivilegesCallback {
+    var hasPrivilege = false
+    override fun onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(p: MutableSet<String>, uids: MutableSet<Int>) {
+        hasPrivilege = uids.contains(Process.myUid())
+        cv.open()
+    }
+}
+
+class CarrierServiceChangedWaiterCallback(private val cv: ConditionVariable) :
+        CarrierPrivilegesCallback {
+    var pkgName: String? = null
+    override fun onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(p: MutableSet<String>, u: MutableSet<Int>) {}
+    override fun onCarrierServiceChanged(pkgName: String?, uid: Int) {
+        this.pkgName = pkgName
+        cv.open()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
index 594f3fb..5b53839 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM;
 
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
 import static junit.framework.Assert.fail;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
@@ -62,9 +64,11 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NetworkRequestShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.NetworkRequestShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
 public class NetworkRequestTest {
     @Rule
     public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
@@ -173,6 +178,20 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    public void testSubscriptionIds() {
+        int[] subIds = {1, 2};
+        assertTrue(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().build()
+                        .getSubscriptionIds().isEmpty());
+        assertThat(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(subIds[0], subIds[1]))
+                .build()
+                .getSubscriptionIds())
+                .containsExactly(subIds[0], subIds[1]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testRequestorPackageName() {
         assertNull(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build().getRequestorPackageName());
@@ -493,7 +512,7 @@
         assertArrayEquals(netCapabilities, nr.getCapabilities());
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) @Ignore("b/338200742")
     public void testDefaultCapabilities() {
         final NetworkRequest defaultNR = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
         assertTrue(defaultNR.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK));
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
index 6a019b7..2315940 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@
                 // harness, which is untagged, won't cause a failure.
                 long firstTotal = resultsWithTraffic.get(0).total;
                 for (QueryResult queryResult : resultsWithTraffic) {
-                    assertWithinPercentage(queryResult + "", firstTotal, queryResult.total, 12);
+                    assertWithinPercentage(queryResult + "", firstTotal, queryResult.total, 16);
                 }
 
                 // Expect to see no traffic when querying for any tag in tagsWithNoTraffic or any
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
index f374181..1b1f367 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testMdnsDiscoveryCanSendPacketOnLocalOnlyDownstreamTetheringInterface() {
-        assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable)
+        assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable())
 
         var downstreamIface: TestNetworkInterface? = null
         var tetheringEventCallback: MyTetheringEventCallback? = null
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testMdnsDiscoveryWorkOnTetheringInterface() {
-        assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable)
+        assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable())
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
 
         var downstreamIface: TestNetworkInterface? = null
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index 9c44a3e..6394599 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
 import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceFound
 import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceLost
+import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.RegistrationFailed
 import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
 import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
 import android.net.cts.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ResolutionStopped
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@
 import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdatedLost
 import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.UnregisterCallbackSucceeded
 import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
+import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
 import android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING
 import android.system.ErrnoException
 import android.system.Os
 import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
@@ -68,26 +71,34 @@
 import android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_LINK
 import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
 import android.util.Log
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PollingCheck
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastU
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket.ANSECTION
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.hexStringToByteArray
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule
+import com.android.testutils.NSResponder
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.assertContainsExactly
 import com.android.testutils.assertEmpty
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk30
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk33
@@ -119,6 +130,7 @@
 import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
 
 private const val TAG = "NsdManagerTest"
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
@@ -130,7 +142,11 @@
 private const val DBG = false
 private const val TEST_PORT = 12345
 private const val MDNS_PORT = 5353.toShort()
+private const val TYPE_KEY = 25
+private const val QCLASS_INTERNET = 0x0001
+private const val NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS: Long = 120
 private val multicastIpv6Addr = parseNumericAddress("ff02::fb") as Inet6Address
+private val testSrcAddr = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123") as Inet6Address
 
 @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
@@ -142,6 +158,9 @@
     @get:Rule
     val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
 
+    @get:Rule
+    val deviceConfigRule = DeviceConfigRule()
+
     private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
     private val nsdManager by lazy {
         context.getSystemService(NsdManager::class.java) ?: fail("Could not get NsdManager service")
@@ -150,7 +169,17 @@
     private val cm by lazy { context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!! }
     private val serviceName = "NsdTest%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
     private val serviceName2 = "NsdTest%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
+    private val serviceName3 = "NsdTest%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
     private val serviceType = "_nmt%09d._tcp".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
+    private val serviceType2 = "_nmt%09d._tcp".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
+    private val customHostname = "NsdTestHost%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
+    private val customHostname2 = "NsdTestHost%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
+    private val publicKey = hexStringToByteArray(
+            "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                    + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                    + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                    + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                    + "270962d3")
     private val handlerThread = HandlerThread(NsdManagerTest::class.java.simpleName)
     private val ctsNetUtils by lazy{ CtsNetUtils(context) }
 
@@ -669,6 +698,48 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterService_twoServicesWithSameNameButDifferentTypes_registeredAndDiscoverable() {
+        val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+        }
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.serviceType = serviceType2
+            it.port = TEST_PORT + 1
+        }
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord1 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord2 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType,
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord1)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType2,
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord2)
+
+            discoveryRecord1.waitForServiceDiscovered(serviceName, serviceType,
+                    testNetwork1.network)
+            discoveryRecord2.waitForServiceDiscovered(serviceName, serviceType2,
+                    testNetwork1.network)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord1)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord2)
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
     fun checkOffloadServiceInfo(serviceInfo: OffloadServiceInfo, si: NsdServiceInfo) {
         val expectedServiceType = si.serviceType.split(",")[0]
         assertEquals(si.serviceName, serviceInfo.key.serviceName)
@@ -676,11 +747,12 @@
         assertEquals(listOf("_subtype"), serviceInfo.subtypes)
         assertTrue(serviceInfo.hostname.startsWith("Android_"))
         assertTrue(serviceInfo.hostname.endsWith("local"))
-        assertEquals(0, serviceInfo.priority)
+        // Test service types should not be in the priority list
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, serviceInfo.priority)
         assertEquals(OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong(), serviceInfo.offloadType)
         val offloadPayload = serviceInfo.offloadPayload
         assertNotNull(offloadPayload)
-        val dnsPacket = TestDnsPacket(offloadPayload)
+        val dnsPacket = TestDnsPacket(offloadPayload, dstAddr = multicastIpv6Addr)
         assertEquals(0x8400, dnsPacket.header.flags)
         assertEquals(0, dnsPacket.records[DnsPacket.QDSECTION].size)
         assertTrue(dnsPacket.records[DnsPacket.ANSECTION].size >= 5)
@@ -843,6 +915,8 @@
         checkConnectSocketToMdnsd(shouldFail = false)
     }
 
+    // Native mdns powered by Netd is removed after U.
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     @Test @CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk30("Socket is started with the service up to target SDK 30")
     fun testManagerCreatesLegacySocket() {
         nsdManager // Ensure the lazy-init member is initialized, so NsdManager is created
@@ -989,6 +1063,199 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testSubtypeAdvertisingAndDiscovery_withSetSubtypesApi() {
+        runSubtypeAdvertisingAndDiscoveryTest(useLegacySpecifier = false)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSubtypeAdvertisingAndDiscovery_withSetSubtypesApiAndLegacySpecifier() {
+        runSubtypeAdvertisingAndDiscoveryTest(useLegacySpecifier = true)
+    }
+
+    private fun runSubtypeAdvertisingAndDiscoveryTest(useLegacySpecifier: Boolean) {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network)
+        if (useLegacySpecifier) {
+            si.subtypes = setOf("_subtype1")
+
+            // Test "_type._tcp.local,_subtype" syntax with the registration
+            si.serviceType = si.serviceType + ",_subtype2"
+        } else {
+            si.subtypes = setOf("_subtype1", "_subtype2")
+        }
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+
+        val baseTypeDiscoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val subtype1DiscoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val subtype2DiscoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val otherSubtypeDiscoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, baseTypeDiscoveryRecord)
+
+            // Test "<subtype>._type._tcp.local" syntax with discovery. Note this is not
+            // "<subtype>._sub._type._tcp.local".
+            nsdManager.discoverServices("_othersubtype.$serviceType",
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, otherSubtypeDiscoveryRecord)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices("_subtype1.$serviceType",
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, subtype1DiscoveryRecord)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(
+                    DiscoveryRequest.Builder(serviceType).setSubtype("_subtype2")
+                            .setNetwork(testNetwork1.network).build(),
+                    Executor { it.run() }, subtype2DiscoveryRecord)
+
+            val info1 = subtype1DiscoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            assertTrue(info1.subtypes.contains("_subtype1"))
+            val info2 = subtype2DiscoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            assertTrue(info2.subtypes.contains("_subtype2"))
+            baseTypeDiscoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            otherSubtypeDiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            // The subtype callback was registered later but called, no need for an extra delay
+            otherSubtypeDiscoveryRecord.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(baseTypeDiscoveryRecord)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(subtype1DiscoveryRecord)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(subtype2DiscoveryRecord)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(otherSubtypeDiscoveryRecord)
+
+            baseTypeDiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+            subtype1DiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+            subtype2DiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+            otherSubtypeDiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMultipleSubTypeAdvertisingAndDiscovery_withUpdate() {
+        val si1 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceType += ",_subtype1"
+        }
+        val si2 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceType += ",_subtype2"
+        }
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val subtype3DiscoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si1)
+            updateService(registrationRecord, si2)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices("_subtype2.$serviceType",
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, testNetwork1.network,
+                    { it.run() }, subtype3DiscoveryRecord)
+            subtype3DiscoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(serviceName,
+                    serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(subtype3DiscoveryRecord)
+            subtype3DiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSubtypeAdvertisingAndDiscovery_nonAlphanumericalSubtypes() {
+        // All non-alphanumerical characters between 0x20 and 0x7e, with a leading underscore
+        val nonAlphanumSubtype = "_ !\"#\$%&'()*+-/:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}"
+        // Test both legacy syntax and the subtypes setter, on different networks
+        val si1 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceType = "$serviceType,_test1,$nonAlphanumSubtype"
+        }
+        val si2 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork2.network).apply {
+            subtypes = setOf("_test2", nonAlphanumSubtype)
+        }
+
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val subtypeDiscoveryRecord1 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val subtypeDiscoveryRecord2 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(DiscoveryRequest.Builder(serviceType)
+                .setSubtype(nonAlphanumSubtype)
+                .setNetwork(testNetwork1.network)
+                .build(), { it.run() }, subtypeDiscoveryRecord1)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices("$nonAlphanumSubtype.$serviceType",
+                NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, testNetwork2.network, { it.run() },
+                subtypeDiscoveryRecord2)
+
+            val discoveredInfo1 = subtypeDiscoveryRecord1.waitForServiceDiscovered(serviceName,
+                serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val discoveredInfo2 = subtypeDiscoveryRecord2.waitForServiceDiscovered(serviceName,
+                serviceType, testNetwork2.network)
+            assertTrue(discoveredInfo1.subtypes.contains(nonAlphanumSubtype))
+            assertTrue(discoveredInfo2.subtypes.contains(nonAlphanumSubtype))
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(subtypeDiscoveryRecord1)
+            subtypeDiscoveryRecord1.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(subtypeDiscoveryRecord2)
+            subtypeDiscoveryRecord2.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSubtypeDiscovery_typeMatchButSubtypeNotMatch_notDiscovered() {
+        val si1 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceType += ",_subtype1"
+        }
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val subtype2DiscoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si1)
+            val request = DiscoveryRequest.Builder(serviceType)
+                    .setSubtype("_subtype2").setNetwork(testNetwork1.network).build()
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(request, { it.run() }, subtype2DiscoveryRecord)
+            subtype2DiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            subtype2DiscoveryRecord.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 2000)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(subtype2DiscoveryRecord)
+            subtype2DiscoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSubtypeAdvertising_tooManySubtypes_returnsFailureBadParameters() {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network)
+        // Sets 101 subtypes in total
+        val seq = generateSequence(1) { it + 1}
+        si.subtypes = seq.take(100).toList().map {it -> "_subtype" + it}.toSet()
+        si.serviceType = si.serviceType + ",_subtype"
+
+        val record = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Executor { it.run() }, record)
+
+        val failedCb = record.expectCallback<RegistrationFailed>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        assertEquals(NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS, failedCb.errorCode)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSubtypeAdvertising_emptySubtypeLabel_returnsFailureBadParameters() {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network)
+        si.subtypes = setOf("")
+
+        val record = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Executor { it.run() }, record)
+
+        val failedCb = record.expectCallback<RegistrationFailed>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        assertEquals(NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS, failedCb.errorCode)
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testRegisterWithConflictDuringProbing() {
         // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (NsdServiceInfo.network)
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
@@ -1026,6 +1293,83 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testRegisterServiceWithCustomHostAndAddresses_conflictDuringProbing_hostRenamed() {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            hostname = customHostname
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.24"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
+        }
+
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, { it.run() },
+                registrationRecord)
+
+        tryTest {
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForProbe(serviceName, serviceType),
+                    "Did not find a probe for the service")
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildConflictingAnnouncementForCustomHost())
+
+            // Registration must use an updated hostname to avoid the conflict
+            val cb = registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceRegistered>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            // Service name is not renamed because there's no conflict on the service name.
+            assertEquals(serviceName, cb.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+            val hostname = cb.serviceInfo.hostname ?: fail("Missing hostname")
+            hostname.let {
+                assertTrue("Unexpected registered hostname: $it",
+                        it.startsWith(customHostname) && it != customHostname)
+            }
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses_noConflictDuringProbing_notRenamed() {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            hostname = customHostname
+        }
+
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, { it.run() },
+                registrationRecord)
+
+        tryTest {
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForProbe(serviceName, serviceType),
+                    "Did not find a probe for the service")
+            // Not a conflict because no record is registered for the hostname
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildConflictingAnnouncementForCustomHost())
+
+            // Registration is not renamed because there's no conflict
+            val cb = registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceRegistered>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertEquals(serviceName, cb.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(customHostname, cb.serviceInfo.hostname)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testRegisterWithConflictAfterProbing() {
         // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (NsdServiceInfo.network)
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
@@ -1100,6 +1444,119 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterServiceWithCustomHostAndAddresses_conflictAfterProbing_hostRenamed() {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            hostname = customHostname
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.24"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
+        }
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val registeredService = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
+                Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        tryTest {
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
+                "No announcements sent after initial probing")
+
+            assertEquals(si.serviceName, registeredService.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(si.hostname, registeredService.hostname)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+            val discoveredInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    si.serviceName, serviceType)
+
+            // Send a conflicting announcement
+            val conflictingAnnouncement = buildConflictingAnnouncementForCustomHost()
+            packetReader.sendResponse(conflictingAnnouncement)
+
+            // Expect to see probes (RFC6762 9., service is reset to probing state)
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForProbe(serviceName, serviceType),
+                    "Probe not received within timeout after conflict")
+
+            // Send the conflicting packet again to reply to the probe
+            packetReader.sendResponse(conflictingAnnouncement)
+
+            val newRegistration =
+                    registrationRecord
+                            .expectCallbackEventually<ServiceRegistered>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+                                it.serviceInfo.serviceName == serviceName
+                                        && it.serviceInfo.hostname.let { hostname ->
+                                    hostname != null
+                                            && hostname.startsWith(customHostname)
+                                            && hostname != customHostname
+                                }
+                            }
+
+            val resolvedInfo = resolveService(discoveredInfo)
+            assertEquals(newRegistration.serviceInfo.serviceName, resolvedInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(newRegistration.serviceInfo.hostname, resolvedInfo.hostname)
+
+            discoveryRecord.assertNoCallback()
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses_noConflictAfterProbing_notRenamed() {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            hostname = customHostname
+        }
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val registeredService = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        tryTest {
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
+                    "No announcements sent after initial probing")
+
+            assertEquals(si.serviceName, registeredService.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(si.hostname, registeredService.hostname)
+
+            // Send a conflicting announcement
+            val conflictingAnnouncement = buildConflictingAnnouncementForCustomHost()
+            packetReader.sendResponse(conflictingAnnouncement)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+
+            // The service is not renamed
+            discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(si.serviceName, serviceType)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
     // Test that even if only a PTR record is received as a reply when discovering, without the
     // SRV, TXT, address records as recommended (but not mandated) by RFC 6763 12, the service can
     // still be discovered.
@@ -1158,7 +1615,8 @@
         // Resolve service on testNetwork1
         val resolveRecord = NsdResolveRecord()
         val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */
+        )
         packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
         handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
 
@@ -1221,6 +1679,813 @@
                 serviceResolved.serviceInfo.hostAddresses.toSet())
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testUnicastReplyUsedWhenQueryUnicastFlagSet() {
+        // The flag may be removed in the future but unicast replies should be enabled by default
+        // in that case. The rule will reset flags automatically on teardown.
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_unicast_reply_enabled", "1")
+
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        var nsResponder: NSResponder? = null
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+            val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+            packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            /*
+            Send a "query unicast" query.
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=0, aa=0, qd =
+                    scapy.DNSQR(qname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', qtype='PTR', qclass=0x8001)
+            )).hex()
+            */
+            val mdnsPayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("0000000000010000000000000d5f6e6d74313" +
+                    "233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c8001")
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(mdnsPayload)
+
+            val testSrcAddr = makeLinkLocalAddressOfOtherDeviceOnPrefix(testNetwork1.network)
+            nsResponder = NSResponder(packetReader, mapOf(
+                testSrcAddr to MacAddress.fromString("01:02:03:04:05:06")
+            )).apply { start() }
+
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(mdnsPayload, testSrcAddr))
+            // The reply is sent unicast to the source address. There may be announcements sent
+            // multicast around this time, so filter by destination address.
+            val reply = packetReader.pollForMdnsPacket { pkt ->
+                pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR) &&
+                        pkt.dstAddr == testSrcAddr
+            }
+            assertNotNull(reply)
+        } cleanup {
+            nsResponder?.stop()
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReplyWhenKnownAnswerSuppressionFlagSet() {
+        // The flag may be removed in the future but known-answer suppression should be enabled by
+        // default in that case. The rule will reset flags automatically on teardown.
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_known_answer_suppression", "1")
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_unicast_reply_enabled", "1")
+
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        var nsResponder: NSResponder? = null
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+            val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                    testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+            packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            /*
+            Send a query with a known answer. Expect to receive a response containing TXT record
+            only.
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=0, aa=0, qd =
+                    scapy.DNSQR(qname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', qtype='PTR',
+                            qclass=0x8001) /
+                    scapy.DNSQR(qname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local', qtype='TXT',
+                            qclass=0x8001),
+                    an = scapy.DNSRR(rrname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', type='PTR', ttl=4500,
+                            rdata='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local')
+            )).hex()
+            */
+            val query = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("0000000000020001000000000d5f6e6d74313233343" +
+                    "536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c8001104e7364546573743132333435363738390" +
+                    "d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00001080010d5f6e6d743132333" +
+                    "43536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c000100001194002b104e73645465737431323" +
+                    "33435363738390d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00")
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(query)
+
+            val testSrcAddr = makeLinkLocalAddressOfOtherDeviceOnPrefix(testNetwork1.network)
+            nsResponder = NSResponder(packetReader, mapOf(
+                    testSrcAddr to MacAddress.fromString("01:02:03:04:05:06")
+            )).apply { start() }
+
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(query, testSrcAddr))
+            // The reply is sent unicast to the source address. There may be announcements sent
+            // multicast around this time, so filter by destination address.
+            val reply = packetReader.pollForMdnsPacket { pkt ->
+                pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_TXT) &&
+                        !pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR) &&
+                        pkt.dstAddr == testSrcAddr
+            }
+            assertNotNull(reply)
+
+            /*
+            Send a query with a known answer (TTL is less than half). Expect to receive a response
+            containing both PTR and TXT records.
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=0, aa=0, qd =
+                    scapy.DNSQR(qname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', qtype='PTR',
+                            qclass=0x8001) /
+                    scapy.DNSQR(qname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local', qtype='TXT',
+                            qclass=0x8001),
+                    an = scapy.DNSRR(rrname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', type='PTR', ttl=2150,
+                            rdata='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local')
+            )).hex()
+            */
+            val query2 = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("0000000000020001000000000d5f6e6d7431323334" +
+                    "3536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c8001104e736454657374313233343536373839" +
+                    "0d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00001080010d5f6e6d74313233" +
+                    "343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c000100000866002b104e7364546573743132" +
+                    "333435363738390d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00")
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(query2)
+
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(query2, testSrcAddr))
+            // The reply is sent unicast to the source address. There may be announcements sent
+            // multicast around this time, so filter by destination address.
+            val reply2 = packetReader.pollForMdnsPacket { pkt ->
+                pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_TXT) &&
+                        pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR) &&
+                        pkt.dstAddr == testSrcAddr
+            }
+            assertNotNull(reply2)
+        } cleanup {
+            nsResponder?.stop()
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReplyWithMultipacketWhenKnownAnswerSuppressionFlagSet() {
+        // The flag may be removed in the future but known-answer suppression should be enabled by
+        // default in that case. The rule will reset flags automatically on teardown.
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_known_answer_suppression", "1")
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_unicast_reply_enabled", "1")
+
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        var nsResponder: NSResponder? = null
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+            val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                    testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+            packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            /*
+            Send a query with truncated bit set.
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=0, aa=0, tc=1, qd=
+                    scapy.DNSQR(qname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', qtype='PTR',
+                            qclass=0x8001) /
+                    scapy.DNSQR(qname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local', qtype='TXT',
+                            qclass=0x8001)
+            )).hex()
+            */
+            val query = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("0000020000020000000000000d5f6e6d74313233343" +
+                    "536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c8001104e7364546573743132333435363738390" +
+                    "d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c0000108001")
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(query)
+            /*
+            Send a known answer packet (other service) with truncated bit set.
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=0, aa=0, tc=1, qd=None,
+                    an = scapy.DNSRR(rrname='_test._tcp.local', type='PTR', ttl=4500,
+                            rdata='NsdTest._test._tcp.local')
+            )).hex()
+            */
+            val knownAnswer1 = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("000002000000000100000000055f74657374" +
+                    "045f746370056c6f63616c00000c000100001194001a074e736454657374055f74657374045f" +
+                    "746370056c6f63616c00")
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(knownAnswer1)
+            /*
+            Send a known answer packet.
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=0, aa=0, qd=None,
+                    an = scapy.DNSRR(rrname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', type='PTR', ttl=4500,
+                            rdata='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local')
+            )).hex()
+            */
+            val knownAnswer2 = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("0000000000000001000000000d5f6e6d7431" +
+                    "3233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c000100001194002b104e736454657374" +
+                    "3132333435363738390d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00")
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(knownAnswer2)
+
+            val testSrcAddr = makeLinkLocalAddressOfOtherDeviceOnPrefix(testNetwork1.network)
+            nsResponder = NSResponder(packetReader, mapOf(
+                    testSrcAddr to MacAddress.fromString("01:02:03:04:05:06")
+            )).apply { start() }
+
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(query, testSrcAddr))
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(knownAnswer1, testSrcAddr))
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(knownAnswer2, testSrcAddr))
+            // The reply is sent unicast to the source address. There may be announcements sent
+            // multicast around this time, so filter by destination address.
+            val reply = packetReader.pollForMdnsPacket { pkt ->
+                pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_TXT) &&
+                        !pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR) &&
+                        pkt.dstAddr == testSrcAddr
+            }
+            assertNotNull(reply)
+        } cleanup {
+            nsResponder?.stop()
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueryWhenKnownAnswerSuppressionFlagSet() {
+        // The flag may be removed in the future but known-answer suppression should be enabled by
+        // default in that case. The rule will reset flags automatically on teardown.
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_query_with_known_answer", "1")
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                testNetwork1.network, { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+
+        tryTest {
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForQuery("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR))
+            /*
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=1, aa=1, qd = None, an =
+                scapy.DNSRR(rrname='_nmt123456789._tcp.local', type='PTR', ttl=120,
+                rdata='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local'))).hex()
+             */
+            val ptrResponsePayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("0000840000000001000000000d5f6e" +
+                    "6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00000c000100000078002b104e736454" +
+                    "6573743132333435363738390d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00")
+
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(ptrResponsePayload)
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(ptrResponsePayload))
+
+            val serviceFound = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<ServiceFound>()
+            serviceFound.serviceInfo.let {
+                assertEquals(serviceName, it.serviceName)
+                // Discovered service types have a dot at the end
+                assertEquals("$serviceType.", it.serviceType)
+                assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, it.network)
+                // ServiceFound does not provide port, address or attributes (only information
+                // available in the PTR record is included in that callback, regardless of whether
+                // other records exist).
+                assertEquals(0, it.port)
+                assertEmpty(it.hostAddresses)
+                assertEquals(0, it.attributes.size)
+            }
+
+            // Expect the second query with a known answer
+            val query = packetReader.pollForMdnsPacket { pkt ->
+                pkt.isQueryFor("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR) &&
+                        pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR)
+            }
+            assertNotNull(query)
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun makeLinkLocalAddressOfOtherDeviceOnPrefix(network: Network): Inet6Address {
+        val lp = cm.getLinkProperties(network) ?: fail("No LinkProperties for net $network")
+        // Expect to have a /64 link-local address
+        val linkAddr = lp.linkAddresses.firstOrNull {
+            it.isIPv6 && it.scope == RT_SCOPE_LINK && it.prefixLength == 64
+        } ?: fail("No /64 link-local address found in ${lp.linkAddresses} for net $network")
+
+        // Add one to the device address to simulate the address of another device on the prefix
+        val addrBytes = linkAddr.address.address
+        addrBytes[IPV6_ADDR_LEN - 1]++
+        return Inet6Address.getByAddress(addrBytes) as Inet6Address
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertisingAndDiscovery_servicesWithCustomHost_customHostAddressesFound() {
+        val hostAddresses1 = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+        val hostAddresses2 = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.24"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
+        val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = hostAddresses1
+        }
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceName = serviceName2
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.port = TEST_PORT + 1
+            it.hostname = customHostname2
+            it.hostAddresses = hostAddresses2
+        }
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+
+        val discoveryRecord1 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord2 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord1)
+
+            val discoveredInfo = discoveryRecord1.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo = resolveService(discoveredInfo)
+
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo.port)
+            assertEquals(si1.hostname, resolvedInfo.hostname)
+            assertAddressEquals(hostAddresses1, resolvedInfo.hostAddresses)
+
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord2)
+
+            val discoveredInfo2 = discoveryRecord2.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName2, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo2 = resolveService(discoveredInfo2)
+
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT + 1, resolvedInfo2.port)
+            assertEquals(si2.hostname, resolvedInfo2.hostname)
+            assertAddressEquals(hostAddresses2, resolvedInfo2.hostAddresses)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord1)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord2)
+
+            discoveryRecord1.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+            discoveryRecord2.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertisingAndDiscovery_multipleRegistrationsForSameCustomHost_hostRenamed() {
+        val hostAddresses1 = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+        val hostAddresses2 = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.24"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
+        val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = hostAddresses1
+        }
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = hostAddresses2
+        }
+
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+
+            val discoveredInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo = resolveService(discoveredInfo)
+
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo.port)
+            assertNotEquals(si1.hostname, resolvedInfo.hostname)
+            assertAddressEquals(hostAddresses2, resolvedInfo.hostAddresses)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertisingAndDiscovery_servicesWithTheSameCustomHostAddressOmitted_addressesFound() {
+        val hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+        val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = hostAddresses
+        }
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.serviceName = serviceName2
+            it.port = TEST_PORT + 1
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+        }
+
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+
+            val discoveredInfo1 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo1 = resolveService(discoveredInfo1)
+
+            assertEquals(serviceName, discoveredInfo1.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo1.port)
+            assertEquals(si1.hostname, resolvedInfo1.hostname)
+            assertAddressEquals(hostAddresses, resolvedInfo1.hostAddresses)
+
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+            val discoveredInfo2 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName2, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo2 = resolveService(discoveredInfo2)
+
+            assertEquals(serviceName2, discoveredInfo2.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT + 1, resolvedInfo2.port)
+            assertEquals(si2.hostname, resolvedInfo2.hostname)
+            assertAddressEquals(hostAddresses, resolvedInfo2.hostAddresses)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterService_registerImmediatelyAfterUnregister_serviceFound() {
+        val info1 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceName = "service11111"
+            port = 11111
+        }
+        val info2 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceName = "service22222"
+            port = 22222
+        }
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord1 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord2 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, info1)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType,
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, testNetwork1.network, { it.run() },
+                    discoveryRecord1)
+            discoveryRecord1.waitForServiceDiscovered(info1.serviceName,
+                    serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord1)
+
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, info2)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType,
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, testNetwork1.network, { it.run() },
+                    discoveryRecord2)
+            val infoDiscovered = discoveryRecord2.waitForServiceDiscovered(info2.serviceName,
+                    serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val infoResolved = resolveService(infoDiscovered)
+            assertEquals(22222, infoResolved.port)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord2)
+            discoveryRecord2.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertisingAndDiscovery_reregisterCustomHostWithDifferentAddresses_newAddressesFound() {
+        val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"))
+        }
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+        }
+        val si3 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.24"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+        }
+
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord3 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            registrationRecord1.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+
+            registerService(registrationRecord3, si3)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+            val discoveredInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo = resolveService(discoveredInfo)
+
+            assertEquals(serviceName, discoveredInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo.port)
+            assertEquals(customHostname, resolvedInfo.hostname)
+            assertAddressEquals(
+                    listOf(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.24"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")),
+                    resolvedInfo.hostAddresses)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord3)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertising_registerServiceAndPublicKey_keyAnnounced() {
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+            val announcement = packetReader.pollForReply(
+                "$serviceName.$serviceType.local",
+                TYPE_KEY
+            )
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            val keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(1, keyRecords.size)
+            val actualRecord = keyRecords.get(0)
+            assertEquals(TYPE_KEY, actualRecord.nsType)
+            assertEquals("$serviceName.$serviceType.local", actualRecord.dName)
+            assertEquals(NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS, actualRecord.ttl)
+            assertArrayEquals(publicKey, actualRecord.rr)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+
+            val discoveredInfo1 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo1 = resolveService(discoveredInfo1)
+
+            assertEquals(serviceName, discoveredInfo1.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo1.port)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertising_registerCustomHostAndPublicKey_keyAnnounced() {
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+            val announcement = packetReader.pollForReply("$customHostname.local", TYPE_KEY)
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            val keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(1, keyRecords.size)
+            val actualRecord = keyRecords.get(0)
+            assertEquals(TYPE_KEY, actualRecord.nsType)
+            assertEquals("$customHostname.local", actualRecord.dName)
+            assertEquals(NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS, actualRecord.ttl)
+            assertArrayEquals(publicKey, actualRecord.rr)
+
+            // This test case focuses on key announcement so we don't check the details of the
+            // announcement of the custom host addresses.
+            val addressRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter {
+                it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA ||
+                        it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_A
+            }
+            assertEquals(3, addressRecords.size)
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertising_registerTwoServicesWithSameCustomHostAndPublicKey_keyAnnounced() {
+        val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType2
+            it.serviceName = serviceName2
+            it.port = TEST_PORT + 1
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf()
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+            testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+
+            var announcement =
+                packetReader.pollForReply("$serviceName.$serviceType.local", TYPE_KEY)
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            var keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(2, keyRecords.size)
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$serviceName.$serviceType.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$customHostname.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.ttl == NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.rr.contentEquals(publicKey) })
+
+            // This test case focuses on key announcement so we don't check the details of the
+            // announcement of the custom host addresses.
+            val addressRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter {
+                it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA ||
+                        it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_A
+            }
+            assertEquals(3, addressRecords.size)
+
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+            announcement = packetReader.pollForReply("$serviceName2.$serviceType2.local", TYPE_KEY)
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(2, keyRecords.size)
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$serviceName2.$serviceType2.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$customHostname.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.ttl == NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.rr.contentEquals(publicKey) })
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testServiceTypeClientRemovedAfterSocketDestroyed() {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+        // Register multiple discovery requests.
+        val discoveryRecord1 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord2 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord3 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        nsdManager.discoverServices("_test1._tcp", NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                testNetwork1.network, { it.run() }, discoveryRecord1)
+        nsdManager.discoverServices("_test2._tcp", NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                testNetwork1.network, { it.run() }, discoveryRecord2)
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, discoveryRecord3)
+
+        tryTest {
+            discoveryRecord1.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            discoveryRecord2.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            discoveryRecord3.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            val foundInfo = discoveryRecord3.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, foundInfo.network)
+            // Verify that associated ServiceTypeClients has been created for testNetwork1.
+            assertTrue("No serviceTypeClients for testNetwork1.",
+                    hasServiceTypeClientsForNetwork(
+                            getServiceTypeClients(), testNetwork1.network))
+
+            // Disconnect testNetwork1
+            runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+                testNetwork1.close(cm)
+            }
+
+            // Verify that no ServiceTypeClients for testNetwork1.
+            discoveryRecord3.expectCallback<ServiceLost>()
+            assertFalse("Still has serviceTypeClients for testNetwork1.",
+                    hasServiceTypeClientsForNetwork(
+                            getServiceTypeClients(), testNetwork1.network))
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord1)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord2)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord3)
+            discoveryRecord1.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+            discoveryRecord2.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+            discoveryRecord3.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun hasServiceTypeClientsForNetwork(clients: List<String>, network: Network): Boolean {
+        return clients.any { client -> client.substring(
+                client.indexOf("network=") + "network=".length,
+                client.indexOf("interfaceIndex=") - 1) == network.getNetId().toString()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get ServiceTypeClient logs from the system dump servicediscovery section.
+     *
+     * The sample output:
+     *     ServiceTypeClient: Type{_nmt079019787._tcp.local} \
+     *         SocketKey{ network=116 interfaceIndex=68 } with 1 listeners.
+     *     ServiceTypeClient: Type{_nmt079019787._tcp.local} \
+     *         SocketKey{ network=115 interfaceIndex=67 } with 1 listeners.
+     */
+    private fun getServiceTypeClients(): List<String> {
+        return SystemUtil.runShellCommand(
+                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(), "dumpsys servicediscovery")
+                .split("\n").mapNotNull { line ->
+                    line.indexOf("ServiceTypeClient:").let { idx ->
+                        if (idx == -1) null
+                        else line.substring(idx)
+                    }
+                }
+    }
+
     private fun buildConflictingAnnouncement(): ByteBuffer {
         /*
         Generated with:
@@ -1237,6 +2502,22 @@
         return buildMdnsPacket(mdnsPayload)
     }
 
+    private fun buildConflictingAnnouncementForCustomHost(): ByteBuffer {
+        /*
+        Generated with scapy:
+        raw(DNS(rd=0, qr=1, aa=1, qd = None, an =
+            DNSRR(rrname='NsdTestHost123456789.local', type=28, rclass=1, ttl=120,
+                    rdata='2001:db8::321')
+        )).hex()
+         */
+        val mdnsPayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("000084000000000100000000144e7364" +
+                "54657374486f7374313233343536373839056c6f63616c00001c000100000078001020010db80000" +
+                "00000000000000000321")
+        replaceCustomHostnameWithTestSuffix(mdnsPayload)
+
+        return buildMdnsPacket(mdnsPayload)
+    }
+
     /**
      * Replaces occurrences of "NsdTest123456789" and "_nmt123456789" in mDNS payload with the
      * actual random name and type that are used by the test.
@@ -1253,6 +2534,19 @@
         replaceAll(packetBuffer, testPacketTypePrefix, encodedTypePrefix)
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Replaces occurrences of "NsdTestHost123456789" in mDNS payload with the
+     * actual random host name that are used by the test.
+     */
+    private fun replaceCustomHostnameWithTestSuffix(mdnsPayload: ByteArray) {
+        // Test custom hostnames have consistent length and are always ASCII
+        val testPacketName = "NsdTestHost123456789".encodeToByteArray()
+        val encodedHostname = customHostname.encodeToByteArray()
+
+        val packetBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(mdnsPayload)
+        replaceAll(packetBuffer, testPacketName, encodedHostname)
+    }
+
     private tailrec fun replaceAll(buffer: ByteBuffer, source: ByteArray, replacement: ByteArray) {
         assertEquals(source.size, replacement.size)
         val index = buffer.array().indexOf(source)
@@ -1265,7 +2559,10 @@
         replaceAll(buffer, source, replacement)
     }
 
-    private fun buildMdnsPacket(mdnsPayload: ByteArray): ByteBuffer {
+    private fun buildMdnsPacket(
+        mdnsPayload: ByteArray,
+        srcAddr: Inet6Address = testSrcAddr
+    ): ByteBuffer {
         val packetBuffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(true /* hasEther */, IPPROTO_IPV6,
                 IPPROTO_UDP, mdnsPayload.size)
         val packetBuilder = PacketBuilder(packetBuffer)
@@ -1280,7 +2577,7 @@
                 0x60000000, // version=6, traffic class=0x0, flowlabel=0x0
                 IPPROTO_UDP.toByte(),
                 64 /* hop limit */,
-                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123") as Inet6Address /* srcIp */,
+                srcAddr,
                 multicastIpv6Addr /* dstIp */)
         packetBuilder.writeUdpHeader(MDNS_PORT /* srcPort */, MDNS_PORT /* dstPort */)
         packetBuffer.put(mdnsPayload)
@@ -1302,6 +2599,18 @@
         return cb.serviceInfo
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Update a service.
+     */
+    private fun updateService(
+            record: NsdRegistrationRecord,
+            si: NsdServiceInfo,
+            executor: Executor = Executor { it.run() }
+    ) {
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, executor, record)
+        // TODO: add the callback check for the update.
+    }
+
     private fun resolveService(discoveredInfo: NsdServiceInfo): NsdServiceInfo {
         val record = NsdResolveRecord()
         nsdManager.resolveService(discoveredInfo, Executor { it.run() }, record)
@@ -1336,3 +2645,9 @@
     if (this == null) return ""
     return String(this, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
 }
+
+private fun assertAddressEquals(expected: List<InetAddress>, actual: List<InetAddress>) {
+    // No duplicate addresses in the actual address list
+    assertEquals(actual.toSet().size, actual.size)
+    assertEquals(expected.toSet(), actual.toSet())
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/OffloadServiceInfoTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/OffloadServiceInfoTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36de4f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/OffloadServiceInfoTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/** CTS tests for {@link OffloadServiceInfo}. */
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class OffloadServiceInfoTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testCreateOffloadServiceInfo() {
+        val offloadServiceInfo = OffloadServiceInfo(
+            OffloadServiceInfo.Key("_testService", "_testType"),
+            listOf("_sub1", "_sub2"),
+            "Android.local",
+            byteArrayOf(0x1, 0x2, 0x3),
+            1 /* priority */,
+            OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES.toLong()
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(OffloadServiceInfo.Key("_testService", "_testType"), offloadServiceInfo.key)
+        assertEquals(listOf("_sub1", "_sub2"), offloadServiceInfo.subtypes)
+        assertEquals("Android.local", offloadServiceInfo.hostname)
+        assertContentEquals(byteArrayOf(0x1, 0x2, 0x3), offloadServiceInfo.offloadPayload)
+        assertEquals(1, offloadServiceInfo.priority)
+        assertEquals(OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES.toLong(), offloadServiceInfo.offloadType)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
index fffd30f..644634b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
@@ -16,12 +16,16 @@
 
 // Common utilities for cts net tests.
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
 java_library {
     name: "cts-net-utils",
-    srcs: ["java/**/*.java", "java/**/*.kt"],
+    srcs: [
+        "java/**/*.java",
+        "java/**/*.kt",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "compatibility-device-util-axt",
         "junit",
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
index 96330e2..0dd2a23 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     private static final int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
     private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_PROBE_MS = 1_000;
 
-    private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+    private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
     private static final int CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS = 30;
 
     private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
@@ -173,21 +173,39 @@
         return cb;
     }
 
-    // Toggle WiFi twice, leaving it in the state it started in
-    public void toggleWifi() throws Exception {
-        if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
-            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
-            // Ensure system default network is WIFI because it's expected in disconnectFromWifi()
-            expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(wifiNetwork);
-            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
-            connectToWifi();
-        } else {
-            connectToWifi();
-            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
-            // Ensure system default network is WIFI because it's expected in disconnectFromWifi()
-            expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(wifiNetwork);
-            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
+    /**
+     * Toggle Wi-Fi off and on, waiting for the {@link ConnectivityManager#CONNECTIVITY_ACTION}
+     * broadcast in both cases.
+     */
+    public void reconnectWifiAndWaitForConnectivityAction() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled());
+        Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
+        // Ensure system default network is WIFI because it's expected in disconnectFromWifi()
+        expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(wifiNetwork);
+        disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork, true /* expectLegacyBroadcast */);
+        connectToWifi(true /* expectLegacyBroadcast */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turn Wi-Fi off, then back on and make sure it connects, if it is supported.
+     */
+    public void reconnectWifiIfSupported() throws Exception {
+        if (!mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            return;
         }
+        disableWifi();
+        ensureWifiConnected();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turn cell data off, then back on and make sure it connects, if it is supported.
+     */
+    public void reconnectCellIfSupported() throws Exception {
+        if (!mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        setMobileDataEnabled(false);
+        setMobileDataEnabled(true);
     }
 
     public Network expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(Network network)
@@ -390,40 +408,10 @@
         return network;
     }
 
-    public Network connectToCell() throws InterruptedException {
-        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
-            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mCellNetworkCallback);
-        }
-        NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-                .build();
-        mCellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, mCellNetworkCallback);
-        final Network cellNetwork = mCellNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
-        assertNotNull("Cell network not available. " +
-                "Please ensure the device has working mobile data.", cellNetwork);
-        return cellNetwork;
-    }
-
-    public void disconnectFromCell() {
-        if (!cellConnectAttempted()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Cell connection not attempted");
-        }
-        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mCellNetworkCallback);
-        mCellNetworkCallback = null;
-    }
-
     public boolean cellConnectAttempted() {
         return mCellNetworkCallback != null;
     }
 
-    public void tearDown() {
-        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
-            disconnectFromCell();
-        }
-    }
-
     private NetworkRequest makeWifiNetworkRequest() {
         return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
diff --git a/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp b/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp
index 5314396..7d5ca2f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
index 40474db..2fde1ce 100644
--- a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
index 4284f56..1023173 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
 
     // Change to system current when TetheringManager move to bootclass path.
     platform_apis: true,
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
 }
 
@@ -79,8 +81,8 @@
 
 // Tethering CTS tests for development and release. These tests always target the platform SDK
 // version, and are subject to all the restrictions appropriate to that version. Before SDK
-// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, and cannot be installed on release
-// devices.
+// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, but they can still be installed on
+// release devices as their min_sdk_version is set to a production version.
 android_test {
     name: "CtsTetheringTest",
     defaults: ["CtsTetheringTestDefaults"],
@@ -92,6 +94,14 @@
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
+        "mts-dnsresolver",
+        "mts-networking",
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "mts-wifi",
+        "mcts-dnsresolver",
+        "mcts-networking",
+        "mcts-tethering",
+        "mcts-wifi",
         "general-tests",
     ],
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
index 274596f..81608f7 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils;
+
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -236,6 +238,26 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testTetheringRequestParcelable() {
+        final LinkAddress localAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.5/24");
+        final LinkAddress clientAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.100/24");
+        final TetheringRequest unparceled = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_USB)
+                .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
+                .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+        final TetheringRequest parceled = ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(unparceled);
+        assertEquals(unparceled.getTetheringType(), parceled.getTetheringType());
+        assertEquals(unparceled.getConnectivityScope(), parceled.getConnectivityScope());
+        assertEquals(unparceled.getLocalIpv4Address(), parceled.getLocalIpv4Address());
+        assertEquals(unparceled.getClientStaticIpv4Address(),
+                parceled.getClientStaticIpv4Address());
+        assertEquals(unparceled.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck(),
+                parceled.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck());
+        assertEquals(unparceled.getShouldShowEntitlementUi(),
+                parceled.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testRegisterTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
         final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
                 mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
diff --git a/tests/deflake/Android.bp b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
index 8205f1c..726e504 100644
--- a/tests/deflake/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/Android.bp b/tests/integration/Android.bp
index f705e34..349529dd 100644
--- a/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
@@ -74,7 +75,10 @@
 java_library {
     name: "frameworks-net-integration-testutils",
     defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
-    srcs: ["util/**/*.java", "util/**/*.kt"],
+    srcs: [
+        "util/**/*.java",
+        "util/**/*.kt",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "androidx.test.rules",
diff --git a/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
index cea83c7..1821329 100644
--- a/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"/>
     <!-- Register UidFrozenStateChangedCallback -->
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS"/>
+    <!-- Permission required for CTS test - NetworkStatsIntegrationTest -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS"/>
     <application android:debuggable="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
index 9b082a4..06bdca6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.IDnsResolver
 import android.net.INetd
+import android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
@@ -37,28 +38,37 @@
 import android.net.Uri
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog
 import android.os.ConditionVariable
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.IBinder
 import android.os.SystemConfigManager
 import android.os.UserHandle
 import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
 import android.testing.TestableContext
 import android.util.Log
-import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.TelephonyManagerShimImpl
 import com.android.server.BpfNetMaps
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService
 import com.android.server.NetworkAgentWrapper
 import com.android.server.TestNetIdManager
+import com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTracker
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker
+import com.android.server.connectivity.SatelliteAccessController
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer
+import java.util.function.Consumer
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@@ -74,12 +84,10 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock
 import org.mockito.Mockito.any
 import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
-import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
 import org.mockito.Mockito.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
-import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
 import org.mockito.Spy
 
@@ -90,7 +98,8 @@
  * Test that exercises an instrumented version of ConnectivityService against an instrumented
  * NetworkStack in a different test process.
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 class ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest {
     // lateinit used here for mocks as they need to be reinitialized between each test and the test
     // should crash if they are used before being initialized.
@@ -117,6 +126,8 @@
     private lateinit var service: ConnectivityService
     private lateinit var cm: ConnectivityManager
 
+    private val handlerThreads = mutableListOf<HandlerThread>()
+
     companion object {
         // lateinit for this binder token, as it must be initialized before any test code is run
         // and use of it before init should crash the test.
@@ -197,7 +208,7 @@
         networkStackClient = TestNetworkStackClient(realContext)
         networkStackClient.start()
 
-        service = TestConnectivityService(makeDependencies())
+        service = TestConnectivityService(TestDependencies())
         cm = ConnectivityManager(context, service)
         context.addMockSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, cm)
         context.addMockSystemService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE, statsManager)
@@ -208,31 +219,66 @@
     private inner class TestConnectivityService(deps: Dependencies) : ConnectivityService(
             context, dnsResolver, log, netd, deps)
 
-    private fun makeDependencies(): ConnectivityService.Dependencies {
-        val deps = spy(ConnectivityService.Dependencies())
-        doReturn(networkStackClient).`when`(deps).networkStack
-        doReturn(mock(ProxyTracker::class.java)).`when`(deps).makeProxyTracker(any(), any())
-        doReturn(mock(MockableSystemProperties::class.java)).`when`(deps).systemProperties
-        doReturn(TestNetIdManager()).`when`(deps).makeNetIdManager()
-        doReturn(mock(BpfNetMaps::class.java)).`when`(deps).getBpfNetMaps(any(), any())
-        doAnswer { inv ->
-            MultinetworkPolicyTracker(inv.getArgument(0),
-                    inv.getArgument(1),
-                    inv.getArgument(2),
-                    object : MultinetworkPolicyTracker.Dependencies() {
-                        override fun getResourcesForActiveSubId(
-                                connResources: ConnectivityResources,
-                                activeSubId: Int
-                        ) = resources
-                    })
-        }.`when`(deps).makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(any(), any(), any())
-        return deps
+    private inner class TestDependencies : ConnectivityService.Dependencies() {
+        override fun getNetworkStack() = networkStackClient
+        override fun makeProxyTracker(context: Context, connServiceHandler: Handler) =
+            mock(ProxyTracker::class.java)
+        override fun getSystemProperties() = mock(MockableSystemProperties::class.java)
+        override fun makeNetIdManager() = TestNetIdManager()
+        override fun getBpfNetMaps(context: Context?, netd: INetd?) = mock(BpfNetMaps::class.java)
+                .also {
+                    doReturn(PERMISSION_INTERNET).`when`(it).getNetPermForUid(anyInt())
+                }
+        override fun isChangeEnabled(changeId: Long, uid: Int) = true
+
+        override fun makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(
+            c: Context,
+            h: Handler,
+            r: Runnable
+        ) = MultinetworkPolicyTracker(c, h, r,
+            object : MultinetworkPolicyTracker.Dependencies() {
+                override fun getResourcesForActiveSubId(
+                    connResources: ConnectivityResources,
+                    activeSubId: Int
+                ) = resources
+            })
+
+        override fun makeHandlerThread(tag: String): HandlerThread =
+            super.makeHandlerThread(tag).also { handlerThreads.add(it) }
+
+        override fun makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
+                context: Context,
+                tm: TelephonyManager,
+                requestRestrictedWifiEnabled: Boolean,
+                listener: BiConsumer<Int, Int>,
+                handler: Handler
+        ): CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator {
+            return CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(context,
+                    object : CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.Dependencies() {
+                        override fun makeHandlerThread(): HandlerThread =
+                                super.makeHandlerThread().also { handlerThreads.add(it) }
+                    },
+                    tm, TelephonyManagerShimImpl.newInstance(tm),
+                    requestRestrictedWifiEnabled, listener, handler)
+        }
+
+        override fun makeSatelliteAccessController(
+            context: Context,
+            updateSatellitePreferredUid: Consumer<MutableSet<Int>>?,
+            connectivityServiceInternalHandler: Handler
+        ): SatelliteAccessController? = mock(
+            SatelliteAccessController::class.java)
     }
 
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
         nsInstrumentation.clearAllState()
         ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null)
+        handlerThreads.forEach {
+            it.quitSafely()
+            it.join()
+        }
+        handlerThreads.clear()
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -254,8 +300,18 @@
         na.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
         na.connect()
 
-        testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
-        assertEquals(2, nsInstrumentation.getRequestUrls().size)
+        tryTest {
+            testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            val requestedSize = nsInstrumentation.getRequestUrls().size
+            if (requestedSize == 2 || (requestedSize == 1 &&
+                        nsInstrumentation.getRequestUrls()[0] == httpsProbeUrl)
+            ) {
+                return@tryTest
+            }
+            fail("Unexpected request urls: ${nsInstrumentation.getRequestUrls()}")
+        } cleanup {
+            na.destroy()
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -287,24 +343,32 @@
         val lp = LinkProperties()
         lp.captivePortalApiUrl = Uri.parse(apiUrl)
         val na = NetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, lp, null /* ncTemplate */, context)
-        networkStackClient.verifyNetworkMonitorCreated(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
 
-        na.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-        na.connect()
+        tryTest {
+            networkStackClient.verifyNetworkMonitorCreated(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
 
-        testCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(na.network, validated = false, tmt = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            na.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            na.connect()
 
-        val capportData = testCb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-            it.lp.captivePortalData != null
-        }.lp.captivePortalData
-        assertNotNull(capportData)
-        assertTrue(capportData.isCaptive)
-        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://login.capport.android.com"), capportData.userPortalUrl)
-        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://venueinfo.capport.android.com"), capportData.venueInfoUrl)
+            testCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(na.network, validated = false, tmt = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
 
-        testCb.expectCaps(na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-            it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL) &&
-                    !it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+            val capportData = testCb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+                it.lp.captivePortalData != null
+            }.lp.captivePortalData
+            assertNotNull(capportData)
+            assertTrue(capportData.isCaptive)
+            assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://login.capport.android.com"), capportData.userPortalUrl)
+            assertEquals(
+                Uri.parse("https://venueinfo.capport.android.com"),
+                capportData.venueInfoUrl
+            )
+
+            testCb.expectCaps(na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+                it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL) &&
+                        !it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+            }
+        } cleanup {
+            na.destroy()
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
index 104d063..3d948ba 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
@@ -18,10 +18,14 @@
 
 import android.app.Service
 import android.content.Intent
+import androidx.annotation.GuardedBy
+import com.android.testutils.quitExecutorServices
+import com.android.testutils.quitThreads
 import java.net.URL
 import java.util.Collections
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
 import kotlin.collections.ArrayList
 import kotlin.test.fail
 
@@ -37,7 +41,12 @@
                 .run {
                     withDefault { key -> getOrPut(key) { ConcurrentLinkedQueue() } }
                 }
-        private val httpRequestUrls = Collections.synchronizedList(ArrayList<String>())
+        private val httpRequestUrls = Collections.synchronizedList(mutableListOf<String>())
+
+        @GuardedBy("networkMonitorThreads")
+        private val networkMonitorThreads = mutableListOf<Thread>()
+        @GuardedBy("networkMonitorExecutorServices")
+        private val networkMonitorExecutorServices = mutableListOf<ExecutorService>()
 
         /**
          * Called when an HTTP request is being processed by NetworkMonitor. Returns the response
@@ -52,10 +61,47 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Called when NetworkMonitor creates a new Thread.
+         */
+        fun onNetworkMonitorThreadCreated(thread: Thread) {
+            synchronized(networkMonitorThreads) {
+                networkMonitorThreads.add(thread)
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when NetworkMonitor creates a new ExecutorService.
+         */
+        fun onNetworkMonitorExecutorServiceCreated(executorService: ExecutorService) {
+            synchronized(networkMonitorExecutorServices) {
+                networkMonitorExecutorServices.add(executorService)
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Clear all state of this connector. This is intended for use between two tests, so all
          * state should be reset as if the connector was just created.
          */
         override fun clearAllState() {
+            quitThreads(
+                maxRetryCount = 3,
+                interrupt = true) {
+                synchronized(networkMonitorThreads) {
+                    networkMonitorThreads.toList().also { networkMonitorThreads.clear() }
+                }
+            }
+            quitExecutorServices(
+                maxRetryCount = 3,
+                // NetworkMonitor is expected to have interrupted its executors when probing
+                // finishes, otherwise it's a thread pool leak that should be caught, so they should
+                // not need to be interrupted (the test only needs to wait for them to finish).
+                interrupt = false) {
+                synchronized(networkMonitorExecutorServices) {
+                    networkMonitorExecutorServices.toList().also {
+                        networkMonitorExecutorServices.clear()
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             httpResponses.clear()
             httpRequestUrls.clear()
         }
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4780c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.annotation.TargetApi
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStats
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.TAG_NONE
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_TEST
+import android.net.InetAddresses
+import android.net.IpPrefix
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_TEST
+import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier
+import android.net.TrafficStats
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Process
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
+import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.Direction.DOWNLOAD
+import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.Direction.UPLOAD
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.PacketBridge
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.TestDnsServer
+import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.net.URL
+import java.nio.charset.Charset
+import kotlin.math.ceil
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val TEST_TAG = 0xF00D
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+class NetworkStatsIntegrationTest {
+    private val TAG = NetworkStatsIntegrationTest::class.java.simpleName
+    private val LOCAL_V6ADDR =
+        LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1234"), 64)
+
+    // Remote address, both the client and server will have a hallucination that
+    // they are talking to this address.
+    private val REMOTE_V6ADDR =
+        LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("dead:beef::808:808"), 64)
+    private val REMOTE_V4ADDR =
+        LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8"), 32)
+    private val DEFAULT_MTU = 1500
+    private val DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1500 // Any size greater than or equal to mtu
+    private val CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 15000
+    private val TEST_DOWNLOAD_SIZE = 10000L
+    private val TEST_UPLOAD_SIZE = 20000L
+    private val HTTP_SERVER_NAME = "test.com"
+    private val HTTP_SERVER_PORT = 8080 // Use port > 1024 to avoid restrictions on system ports
+    private val DNS_INTERNAL_SERVER_PORT = 53
+    private val DNS_EXTERNAL_SERVER_PORT = 1053
+    private val TCP_ACK_SIZE = 72
+
+    // Packet overheads that are not part of the actual data transmission, these
+    // include DNS packets, TCP handshake/termination packets, and HTTP header
+    // packets. These overheads were gathered from real samples and may not
+    // be perfectly accurate because of DNS caches and TCP retransmissions, etc.
+    private val CONSTANT_PACKET_OVERHEAD = 8
+
+    // 130 is an observed average.
+    private val CONSTANT_BYTES_OVERHEAD = 130 * CONSTANT_PACKET_OVERHEAD
+    private val TOLERANCE = 1.3
+
+    // Set up the packet bridge with two IPv6 address only test networks.
+    private val inst = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+    private val context = inst.getContext()
+    private val packetBridge = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+        PacketBridge(
+            context,
+            listOf(LOCAL_V6ADDR),
+            REMOTE_V6ADDR.address,
+            listOf(
+                Pair(DNS_INTERNAL_SERVER_PORT, DNS_EXTERNAL_SERVER_PORT)
+            )
+        )
+    }
+    private val cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!!
+
+    // Set up DNS server for testing server and DNS64.
+    private val fakeDns = TestDnsServer(
+        packetBridge.externalNetwork,
+        InetSocketAddress(LOCAL_V6ADDR.address, DNS_EXTERNAL_SERVER_PORT)
+    ).apply {
+        start()
+        setAnswer(
+            "ipv4only.arpa",
+            listOf(IpPrefix(REMOTE_V6ADDR.address, REMOTE_V6ADDR.prefixLength).address)
+        )
+        setAnswer(HTTP_SERVER_NAME, listOf(REMOTE_V4ADDR.address))
+    }
+
+    // Start up test http server.
+    private val httpServer = TestHttpServer(
+        LOCAL_V6ADDR.address.hostAddress,
+        HTTP_SERVER_PORT
+    ).apply {
+        start()
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        assumeTrue(shouldRunTests())
+        packetBridge.start()
+    }
+
+    // For networkstack tests, it is not guaranteed that the tethering module will be
+    // updated at the same time. If the tethering module is not new enough, it may not contain
+    // the necessary abilities to run these tests. For example, The tests depends on test
+    // network stats being counted, which can only be achieved when they are marked as TYPE_TEST.
+    // If the tethering module does not support TYPE_TEST stats, then these tests will need
+    // to be skipped.
+    fun shouldRunTests() = cm.getNetworkInfo(packetBridge.internalNetwork)!!.type == TYPE_TEST
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        packetBridge.stop()
+        fakeDns.stop()
+        httpServer.stop()
+    }
+
+    private fun waitFor464XlatReady(network: Network): String {
+        val iface = cm.getLinkProperties(network)!!.interfaceName!!
+
+        // Make a network request to listen to the specific test network.
+        val nr = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+            .clearCapabilities()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+            .setNetworkSpecifier(TestNetworkSpecifier(iface))
+            .build()
+        val testCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(nr, testCb)
+
+        // Wait for the stacked address to be available.
+        testCb.eventuallyExpect<LinkPropertiesChanged> {
+            it.lp.stackedLinks.getOrNull(0)?.linkAddresses?.getOrNull(0) != null
+        }
+
+        return iface
+    }
+
+    private val Network.mtu: Int get() {
+        val lp = cm.getLinkProperties(this)!!
+        val mtuStacked = if (lp.stackedLinks[0]?.mtu != 0) lp.stackedLinks[0].mtu else DEFAULT_MTU
+        val mtuInterface = if (lp.mtu != 0) lp.mtu else DEFAULT_MTU
+        return mtuInterface.coerceAtMost(mtuStacked)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify data usage download stats with test 464xlat networks.
+     *
+     * This test starts two test networks and binds them together, the internal one is for the
+     * client to make http traffic on the test network, and the external one is for the mocked
+     * http and dns server to bind to and provide responses.
+     *
+     * After Clat setup, the client will use clat v4 address to send packets to the mocked
+     * server v4 address, which will be translated into a v6 packet by the clat daemon with
+     * NAT64 prefix learned from the mocked DNS64 response. And send to the interface.
+     *
+     * While the packets are being forwarded to the external interface, the servers will see
+     * the packets originated from the mocked v6 address, and destined to a local v6 address.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun test464XlatTcpStats() {
+        // Wait for 464Xlat to be ready.
+        val internalInterfaceName = waitFor464XlatReady(packetBridge.internalNetwork)
+        val mtu = packetBridge.internalNetwork.mtu
+
+        val snapshotBeforeTest = StatsSnapshot(context, internalInterfaceName)
+
+        // Generate the download traffic.
+        genHttpTraffic(packetBridge.internalNetwork, uploadSize = 0L, TEST_DOWNLOAD_SIZE)
+
+        // In practice, for one way 10k download payload, the download usage is about
+        // 11222~12880 bytes, with 14~17 packets. And the upload usage is about 1279~1626 bytes
+        // with 14~17 packets, which is majorly contributed by TCP ACK packets.
+        // Clear TrafficStats cache is needed to avoid rate-limit caching for
+        // TrafficStats API results on V+ devices.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches()
+        }
+        val snapshotAfterDownload = StatsSnapshot(context, internalInterfaceName)
+        val (expectedDownloadLower, expectedDownloadUpper) = getExpectedStatsBounds(
+            TEST_DOWNLOAD_SIZE,
+            mtu,
+            DOWNLOAD
+        )
+        assertOnlyNonTaggedStatsIncreases(
+            snapshotBeforeTest,
+            snapshotAfterDownload,
+            expectedDownloadLower,
+            expectedDownloadUpper
+        )
+
+        // Generate upload traffic with tag to verify tagged data accounting as well.
+        genHttpTrafficWithTag(
+            packetBridge.internalNetwork,
+            TEST_UPLOAD_SIZE,
+            downloadSize = 0L,
+            TEST_TAG
+        )
+
+        // Verify upload data usage accounting.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches()
+        }
+        val snapshotAfterUpload = StatsSnapshot(context, internalInterfaceName)
+        val (expectedUploadLower, expectedUploadUpper) = getExpectedStatsBounds(
+            TEST_UPLOAD_SIZE,
+            mtu,
+            UPLOAD
+        )
+        assertAllStatsIncreases(
+            snapshotAfterDownload,
+            snapshotAfterUpload,
+            expectedUploadLower,
+            expectedUploadUpper
+        )
+    }
+
+    private enum class Direction {
+        DOWNLOAD,
+        UPLOAD
+    }
+
+    private fun getExpectedStatsBounds(
+        transmittedSize: Long,
+        mtu: Int,
+        direction: Direction
+    ): Pair<BareStats, BareStats> {
+        // This is already an underestimated value since the input doesn't include TCP/IP
+        // layer overhead.
+        val txBytesLower = transmittedSize
+        // Include TCP/IP header overheads and retransmissions in the upper bound.
+        val txBytesUpper = (transmittedSize * TOLERANCE).toLong()
+        val txPacketsLower = txBytesLower / mtu + (CONSTANT_PACKET_OVERHEAD / TOLERANCE).toLong()
+        val estTransmissionPacketsUpper = ceil(txBytesUpper / mtu.toDouble()).toLong()
+        val txPacketsUpper = estTransmissionPacketsUpper +
+                (CONSTANT_PACKET_OVERHEAD * TOLERANCE).toLong()
+        // Assume ACK only sent once for the entire transmission.
+        val rxPacketsLower = 1L + (CONSTANT_PACKET_OVERHEAD / TOLERANCE).toLong()
+        // Assume ACK sent for every RX packet.
+        val rxPacketsUpper = txPacketsUpper
+        val rxBytesLower = 1L * TCP_ACK_SIZE + (CONSTANT_BYTES_OVERHEAD / TOLERANCE).toLong()
+        val rxBytesUpper = estTransmissionPacketsUpper * TCP_ACK_SIZE +
+                (CONSTANT_BYTES_OVERHEAD * TOLERANCE).toLong()
+
+        return if (direction == UPLOAD) {
+            BareStats(rxBytesLower, rxPacketsLower, txBytesLower, txPacketsLower) to
+                    BareStats(rxBytesUpper, rxPacketsUpper, txBytesUpper, txPacketsUpper)
+        } else {
+            BareStats(txBytesLower, txPacketsLower, rxBytesLower, rxPacketsLower) to
+                    BareStats(txBytesUpper, txPacketsUpper, rxBytesUpper, rxPacketsUpper)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun genHttpTraffic(network: Network, uploadSize: Long, downloadSize: Long) =
+        genHttpTrafficWithTag(network, uploadSize, downloadSize, NetworkStats.Bucket.TAG_NONE)
+
+    private fun genHttpTrafficWithTag(
+        network: Network,
+        uploadSize: Long,
+        downloadSize: Long,
+        tag: Int
+    ) {
+        val path = "/test_upload_download"
+        val buf = ByteArray(DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)
+
+        httpServer.addResponse(
+            TestHttpServer.Request(path, NanoHTTPD.Method.POST),
+            NanoHTTPD.Response.Status.OK,
+            content = getRandomString(downloadSize)
+        )
+        var httpConnection: HttpURLConnection? = null
+        try {
+            TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(tag)
+            val spec = "http://$HTTP_SERVER_NAME:${httpServer.listeningPort}$path"
+            val url = URL(spec)
+            httpConnection = network.openConnection(url) as HttpURLConnection
+            httpConnection.connectTimeout = CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS
+            httpConnection.requestMethod = "POST"
+            httpConnection.doOutput = true
+            // Tell the server that the response should not be compressed. Otherwise, the data usage
+            // accounted will be less than expected.
+            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "identity")
+            // Tell the server that to close connection after this request, this is needed to
+            // prevent from reusing the same socket that has different tagging requirement.
+            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "close")
+
+            // Send http body.
+            val outputStream = BufferedOutputStream(httpConnection.outputStream)
+            outputStream.write(getRandomString(uploadSize).toByteArray(Charset.forName("UTF-8")))
+            outputStream.close()
+            assertEquals(HTTP_OK, httpConnection.responseCode)
+
+            // Receive response from the server.
+            val inputStream = BufferedInputStream(httpConnection.getInputStream())
+            var total = 0L
+            while (true) {
+                val count = inputStream.read(buf)
+                if (count == -1) break // End-of-Stream
+                total += count
+            }
+            assertEquals(downloadSize, total)
+        } finally {
+            httpConnection?.inputStream?.close()
+            TrafficStats.clearThreadStatsTag()
+        }
+    }
+
+    // NetworkStats.Bucket cannot be written. So another class is needed to
+    // perform arithmetic operations.
+    data class BareStats(
+        val rxBytes: Long,
+        val rxPackets: Long,
+        val txBytes: Long,
+        val txPackets: Long
+    ) {
+        operator fun plus(other: BareStats): BareStats {
+            return BareStats(
+                this.rxBytes + other.rxBytes,
+                this.rxPackets + other.rxPackets,
+                this.txBytes + other.txBytes,
+                this.txPackets + other.txPackets
+            )
+        }
+
+        operator fun minus(other: BareStats): BareStats {
+            return BareStats(
+                this.rxBytes - other.rxBytes,
+                this.rxPackets - other.rxPackets,
+                this.txBytes - other.txBytes,
+                this.txPackets - other.txPackets
+            )
+        }
+
+        fun reverse(): BareStats =
+            BareStats(
+                rxBytes = txBytes,
+                rxPackets = txPackets,
+                txBytes = rxBytes,
+                txPackets = rxPackets
+            )
+
+        override fun toString(): String {
+            return "BareStats{rx/txBytes=$rxBytes/$txBytes, rx/txPackets=$rxPackets/$txPackets}"
+        }
+
+        override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+            if (this === other) return true
+            if (other !is BareStats) return false
+
+            if (rxBytes != other.rxBytes) return false
+            if (rxPackets != other.rxPackets) return false
+            if (txBytes != other.txBytes) return false
+            if (txPackets != other.txPackets) return false
+
+            return true
+        }
+
+        override fun hashCode(): Int {
+            return (rxBytes * 11 + rxPackets * 13 + txBytes * 17 + txPackets * 19).toInt()
+        }
+
+        companion object {
+            val EMPTY = BareStats(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+        }
+    }
+
+    data class StatsSnapshot(val context: Context, val iface: String) {
+        val statsSummary = getNetworkSummary(iface)
+        val statsUid = getUidDetail(iface, TAG_NONE)
+        val taggedSummary = getTaggedNetworkSummary(iface, TEST_TAG)
+        val taggedUid = getUidDetail(iface, TEST_TAG)
+        val trafficStatsIface = getTrafficStatsIface(iface)
+        val trafficStatsUid = getTrafficStatsUid(Process.myUid())
+
+        private fun getUidDetail(iface: String, tag: Int): BareStats {
+            return getNetworkStatsThat(iface, tag) { nsm, template ->
+                nsm.queryDetailsForUidTagState(
+                    template,
+                    Long.MIN_VALUE,
+                    Long.MAX_VALUE,
+                    Process.myUid(),
+                    tag,
+                    Bucket.STATE_ALL
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        private fun getNetworkSummary(iface: String): BareStats {
+            return getNetworkStatsThat(iface, TAG_NONE) { nsm, template ->
+                nsm.querySummary(template, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            }
+        }
+
+        private fun getTaggedNetworkSummary(iface: String, tag: Int): BareStats {
+            return getNetworkStatsThat(iface, tag) { nsm, template ->
+                nsm.queryTaggedSummary(template, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            }
+        }
+
+        private fun getNetworkStatsThat(
+            iface: String,
+            tag: Int,
+            queryApi: (nsm: NetworkStatsManager, template: NetworkTemplate) -> NetworkStats
+        ): BareStats {
+            val nsm = context.getSystemService(NetworkStatsManager::class.java)!!
+            nsm.forceUpdate()
+            val testTemplate = NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_TEST)
+                .setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(iface)).build()
+            val stats = queryApi.invoke(nsm, testTemplate)
+            val filteredBuckets =
+                stats.buckets().filter { it.uid == Process.myUid() && it.tag == tag }
+            return filteredBuckets.fold(BareStats.EMPTY) { acc, it ->
+                acc + BareStats(
+                    it.rxBytes,
+                    it.rxPackets,
+                    it.txBytes,
+                    it.txPackets
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Helper function to iterate buckets in app.usage.NetworkStats.
+        private fun NetworkStats.buckets() = object : Iterable<NetworkStats.Bucket> {
+            override fun iterator() = object : Iterator<NetworkStats.Bucket> {
+                override operator fun hasNext() = hasNextBucket()
+                override operator fun next() =
+                    NetworkStats.Bucket().also { assertTrue(getNextBucket(it)) }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private fun getTrafficStatsIface(iface: String): BareStats = BareStats(
+            TrafficStats.getRxBytes(iface),
+            TrafficStats.getRxPackets(iface),
+            TrafficStats.getTxBytes(iface),
+            TrafficStats.getTxPackets(iface)
+        )
+
+        private fun getTrafficStatsUid(uid: Int): BareStats = BareStats(
+            TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid),
+            TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(uid),
+            TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid),
+            TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(uid)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun assertAllStatsIncreases(
+        before: StatsSnapshot,
+        after: StatsSnapshot,
+        lower: BareStats,
+        upper: BareStats
+    ) {
+        assertNonTaggedStatsIncreases(before, after, lower, upper)
+        assertTaggedStatsIncreases(before, after, lower, upper)
+    }
+
+    private fun assertOnlyNonTaggedStatsIncreases(
+        before: StatsSnapshot,
+        after: StatsSnapshot,
+        lower: BareStats,
+        upper: BareStats
+    ) {
+        assertNonTaggedStatsIncreases(before, after, lower, upper)
+        assertTaggedStatsEquals(before, after)
+    }
+
+    private fun assertNonTaggedStatsIncreases(
+        before: StatsSnapshot,
+        after: StatsSnapshot,
+        lower: BareStats,
+        upper: BareStats
+    ) {
+        assertInRange(
+            "Unexpected iface traffic stats",
+            after.iface,
+            before.trafficStatsIface,
+            after.trafficStatsIface,
+            lower,
+            upper
+        )
+        // Uid traffic stats are counted in both direction because the external network
+        // traffic is also attributed to the test uid.
+        assertInRange(
+            "Unexpected uid traffic stats",
+            after.iface,
+            before.trafficStatsUid,
+            after.trafficStatsUid,
+            lower + lower.reverse(),
+            upper + upper.reverse()
+        )
+        assertInRange(
+            "Unexpected non-tagged summary stats",
+            after.iface,
+            before.statsSummary,
+            after.statsSummary,
+            lower,
+            upper
+        )
+        assertInRange(
+            "Unexpected non-tagged uid stats",
+            after.iface,
+            before.statsUid,
+            after.statsUid,
+            lower,
+            upper
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun assertTaggedStatsEquals(before: StatsSnapshot, after: StatsSnapshot) {
+        // Increment of tagged data should be zero since no tagged traffic was generated.
+        assertEquals(
+            before.taggedSummary,
+            after.taggedSummary,
+            "Unexpected tagged summary stats: ${after.iface}"
+        )
+        assertEquals(
+            before.taggedUid,
+            after.taggedUid,
+            "Unexpected tagged uid stats: ${Process.myUid()} on ${after.iface}"
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun assertTaggedStatsIncreases(
+        before: StatsSnapshot,
+        after: StatsSnapshot,
+        lower: BareStats,
+        upper: BareStats
+    ) {
+        assertInRange(
+            "Unexpected tagged summary stats",
+            after.iface,
+            before.taggedSummary,
+            after.taggedSummary,
+            lower,
+            upper
+        )
+        assertInRange(
+            "Unexpected tagged uid stats: ${Process.myUid()}",
+            after.iface,
+            before.taggedUid,
+            after.taggedUid,
+            lower,
+            upper
+        )
+    }
+
+    /** Verify the given BareStats is in range [lower, upper] */
+    private fun assertInRange(
+        tag: String,
+        iface: String,
+        before: BareStats,
+        after: BareStats,
+        lower: BareStats,
+        upper: BareStats
+    ) {
+        // Passing the value after operation and the value before operation to dump the actual
+        // numbers if it fails.
+        assertTrue(
+            checkInRange(before, after, lower, upper),
+            "$tag on $iface: $after - $before is not within range [$lower, $upper]"
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun checkInRange(
+            before: BareStats,
+            after: BareStats,
+            lower: BareStats,
+            upper: BareStats
+    ): Boolean {
+        val value = after - before
+        return value.rxBytes in lower.rxBytes..upper.rxBytes &&
+                value.rxPackets in lower.rxPackets..upper.rxPackets &&
+                value.txBytes in lower.txBytes..upper.txBytes &&
+                value.txPackets in lower.txPackets..upper.txPackets
+    }
+
+    fun getRandomString(length: Long): String {
+        val allowedChars = ('A'..'Z') + ('a'..'z') + ('0'..'9')
+        return (1..length)
+            .map { allowedChars.random() }
+            .joinToString("")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e00ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.server.ServiceManagerWrapper
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/** Integration tests for {@link ServiceManagerWrapper}. */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testWaitForService_successFullyRetrievesConnectivityServiceBinder() {
+        assertNotNull(ServiceManagerWrapper.waitForService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
index 7e227c4..e43ce29 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
@@ -30,13 +30,14 @@
 import com.android.server.NetworkStackService.NetworkStackConnector
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkMonitor
 import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.NetworkStackInstrumentationService.InstrumentationConnector
-import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
-import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
-import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection
 import java.net.URL
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
 
 private const val TEST_NETID = 42
 
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@
     private class NetworkMonitorDeps(private val privateDnsBypassNetwork: Network) :
             NetworkMonitor.Dependencies() {
         override fun getPrivateDnsBypassNetwork(network: Network?) = privateDnsBypassNetwork
+        override fun onThreadCreated(thread: Thread) =
+            InstrumentationConnector.onNetworkMonitorThreadCreated(thread)
+        override fun onExecutorServiceCreated(ecs: ExecutorService) =
+            InstrumentationConnector.onNetworkMonitorExecutorServiceCreated(ecs)
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index ec09f9e..960c6ca 100644
--- a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Message;
+import android.util.CloseGuard;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Range;
 
@@ -65,11 +67,14 @@
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 public class NetworkAgentWrapper implements TestableNetworkCallback.HasNetwork {
+    private static final long DESTROY_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L;
+
     // Note : Please do not add any new instrumentation here. If you need new instrumentation,
     // please add it in CSAgentWrapper and use subclasses of CSTest instead of adding more
     // tools in ConnectivityServiceTest.
     private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
     private final HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard;
     private final Context mContext;
     private final String mLogTag;
     private final NetworkAgentConfig mNetworkAgentConfig;
@@ -157,6 +162,8 @@
         mLogTag = "Mock-" + typeName;
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(mLogTag);
         mHandlerThread.start();
+        mCloseGuard = new CloseGuard();
+        mCloseGuard.open("destroy");
 
         // extraInfo is set to "" by default in NetworkAgentConfig.
         final String extraInfo = (transport == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) ? "internet.apn" : "";
@@ -359,6 +366,35 @@
         mNetworkAgent.unregister();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Destroy the network agent and stop its looper.
+     *
+     * <p>This must always be called.
+     */
+    public void destroy() {
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+        try {
+            mHandlerThread.join(DESTROY_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Log.e(mLogTag, "Interrupted when waiting for handler thread on destroy", e);
+        }
+        mCloseGuard.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressLint("Finalize") // Follows the recommended pattern for CloseGuard
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        try {
+            // Note that mCloseGuard could be null if the constructor threw.
+            if (mCloseGuard != null) {
+                mCloseGuard.warnIfOpen();
+            }
+            destroy();
+        } finally {
+            super.finalize();
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Network getNetwork() {
         return mNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
diff --git a/tests/mts/Android.bp b/tests/mts/Android.bp
index 6425223..c118d0a 100644
--- a/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@
     header_libs: [
         "bpf_headers",
     ],
+    version_script: ":connectivity_mainline_test_map",
+    stl: "libc++_static",
     static_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libmodules-utils-build",
@@ -38,5 +41,5 @@
         "bpf_existence_test.cpp",
     ],
     compile_multilib: "first",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",  // Ensure test runs on R and above.
+    min_sdk_version: "30", // Ensure test runs on R and above.
 }
diff --git a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp
index 8825aa4..c5088c6 100644
--- a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -16,8 +17,9 @@
         "connectivity_native_test.cpp",
     ],
     header_libs: ["bpf_connectivity_headers"],
+    version_script: ":connectivity_mainline_test_map",
+    stl: "libc++_static",
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "liblog",
         "libnetutils",
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "connectivity_native_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
+        "libbase",
         "libcutils",
         "libmodules-utils-build",
         "libutils",
diff --git a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp
index 27a9d35..f62a30b 100644
--- a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp
@@ -41,13 +41,14 @@
 
     void SetUp() override {
         restoreBlockedPorts = false;
+
         // Skip test case if not on U.
-        if (!android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) GTEST_SKIP() <<
-                "Should be at least T device.";
+        if (!android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU())
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Should be at least U device.";
 
         // Skip test case if not on 5.4 kernel which is required by bpf prog.
-        if (!android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) GTEST_SKIP() <<
-                "Kernel should be at least 5.4.";
+        if (!android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0))
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Kernel should be at least 5.4.";
 
         // Necessary to use dlopen/dlsym since the lib is only available on U and there
         // is no Sdk34ModuleController in tradefed yet.
diff --git a/tests/native/utilities/Android.bp b/tests/native/utilities/Android.bp
index 4706b3d..48a5414 100644
--- a/tests/native/utilities/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/native/utilities/Android.bp
@@ -14,14 +14,17 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
+// TODO: delete this as it is a cross-module api boundary violation
 cc_test_library {
     name: "libconnectivity_native_test_utils",
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/DnsResolver/tests:__subpackages__"],
     defaults: [
         "netd_defaults",
-        "resolv_test_defaults"
+        "resolv_test_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "firewall.cpp",
diff --git a/tests/native/utilities/firewall.cpp b/tests/native/utilities/firewall.cpp
index 22f83e8..34b4f07 100644
--- a/tests/native/utilities/firewall.cpp
+++ b/tests/native/utilities/firewall.cpp
@@ -59,9 +59,11 @@
 Result<void> Firewall::addRule(uint32_t uid, UidOwnerMatchType match, uint32_t iif) {
     // iif should be non-zero if and only if match == MATCH_IIF
     if (match == IIF_MATCH && iif == 0) {
-        return Errorf("Interface match {} must have nonzero interface index", match);
+        return Errorf("Interface match {} must have nonzero interface index",
+                      static_cast<uint32_t>(match));
     } else if (match != IIF_MATCH && iif != 0) {
-        return Errorf("Non-interface match {} must have zero interface index", match);
+        return Errorf("Non-interface match {} must have zero interface index",
+                      static_cast<uint32_t>(match));
     }
 
     std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
@@ -69,14 +71,14 @@
     if (oldMatch.ok()) {
         UidOwnerValue newMatch = {
                 .iif = iif ? iif : oldMatch.value().iif,
-                .rule = static_cast<uint8_t>(oldMatch.value().rule | match),
+                .rule = oldMatch.value().rule | match,
         };
         auto res = mUidOwnerMap.writeValue(uid, newMatch, BPF_ANY);
         if (!res.ok()) return Errorf("Failed to update rule: {}", res.error().message());
     } else {
         UidOwnerValue newMatch = {
                 .iif = iif,
-                .rule = static_cast<uint8_t>(match),
+                .rule = match,
         };
         auto res = mUidOwnerMap.writeValue(uid, newMatch, BPF_ANY);
         if (!res.ok()) return Errorf("Failed to add rule: {}", res.error().message());
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@
 
     UidOwnerValue newMatch = {
             .iif = (match == IIF_MATCH) ? 0 : oldMatch.value().iif,
-            .rule = static_cast<uint8_t>(oldMatch.value().rule & ~match),
+            .rule = oldMatch.value().rule & ~match,
     };
     if (newMatch.rule == 0) {
         auto res = mUidOwnerMap.deleteValue(uid);
diff --git a/tests/smoketest/Android.bp b/tests/smoketest/Android.bp
index 4ab24fc..121efa1 100644
--- a/tests/smoketest/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/smoketest/Android.bp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 // TODO: remove this hack when there is a better solution for jni_libs that includes
 // dependent libraries.
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/Android.bp b/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 8b286a0..2f88c41 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Build FrameworksNetTests package
 //########################################################################
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
     // all of the 'license_kinds' from "Android-Apache-2.0"
@@ -57,34 +58,18 @@
 filegroup {
     name: "non-connectivity-module-test",
     srcs: [
-        "java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java",
         "java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java",
         "java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java",
-        "java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java",
         "java/android/net/ipmemorystore/*.java",
         "java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtilsTest.kt",
         "java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java",
-        "java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java",
-        "java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/MetricsTestUtil.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java",
-        "java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/*.java",
-    ]
-}
-
-// Subset of services-core used to by ConnectivityService tests to test VPN realistically.
-// This is stripped by jarjar (see rules below) from other unrelated classes, so tests do not
-// include most classes from services-core, which are unrelated and cause wrong code coverage
-// calculations.
-java_library {
-    name: "services.core-vpn",
-    static_libs: ["services.core"],
-    jarjar_rules: "vpn-jarjar-rules.txt",
-    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+    ],
 }
 
 java_defaults {
@@ -113,9 +98,8 @@
         "platform-test-annotations",
         "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
-        "services.core-vpn",
         "testables",
-        "cts-net-utils"
+        "cts-net-utils",
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.net.ipsec.ike.stubs.module_lib",
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index b8c5447..b71a46f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -16,13 +16,6 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static android.content.Context.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED;
-import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT;
-import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
@@ -46,7 +39,6 @@
 
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
@@ -70,10 +62,7 @@
 
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager.DataSaverStatusTracker;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
 import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
 import android.os.Bundle;
@@ -90,6 +79,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
@@ -102,6 +92,8 @@
 @SmallTest
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class ConnectivityManagerTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
     private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
     private static final int SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS = 150;
 
@@ -524,43 +516,6 @@
                     + " attempts", ref.get());
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testDataSaverStatusTracker() {
-        mockService(NetworkPolicyManager.class, Context.NETWORK_POLICY_SERVICE, mNpm);
-        // Mock proper application info.
-        doReturn(mCtx).when(mCtx).getApplicationContext();
-        final ApplicationInfo mockAppInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
-        mockAppInfo.flags = FLAG_PERSISTENT | FLAG_SYSTEM;
-        doReturn(mockAppInfo).when(mCtx).getApplicationInfo();
-        // Enable data saver.
-        doReturn(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED).when(mNpm)
-                .getRestrictBackgroundStatus(anyInt());
-
-        final DataSaverStatusTracker tracker = new DataSaverStatusTracker(mCtx);
-        // Verify the data saver status is correct right after initialization.
-        assertTrue(tracker.getDataSaverEnabled());
-
-        // Verify the tracker register receiver with expected intent filter.
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IntentFilter> intentFilterCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IntentFilter.class);
-        verify(mCtx).registerReceiver(
-                any(), intentFilterCaptor.capture(), eq(RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED));
-        assertEquals(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED,
-                intentFilterCaptor.getValue().getAction(0));
-
-        // Mock data saver status changed event and verify the tracker tracks the
-        // status accordingly.
-        doReturn(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED).when(mNpm)
-                .getRestrictBackgroundStatus(anyInt());
-        tracker.onReceive(mCtx, new Intent(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED));
-        assertFalse(tracker.getDataSaverEnabled());
-
-        doReturn(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED).when(mNpm)
-                .getRestrictBackgroundStatus(anyInt());
-        tracker.onReceive(mCtx, new Intent(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED));
-        assertTrue(tracker.getDataSaverEnabled());
-    }
-
     private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
         doReturn(service).when(mCtx).getSystemService(name);
         doReturn(name).when(mCtx).getSystemServiceName(clazz);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index e12e961..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,585 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net;
-
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.IKE_PARAMS_V6;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.getTestIkeSessionParams;
-
-import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeKeyIdIdentification;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
-import android.os.Build;
-import android.test.mock.MockContext;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
-import com.android.internal.org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
-import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
-import java.math.BigInteger;
-import java.security.KeyPair;
-import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
-import java.security.PrivateKey;
-import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;
-
-/** Unit tests for {@link Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder}. */
-@SmallTest
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-public class Ikev2VpnProfileTest {
-    private static final String SERVER_ADDR_STRING = "1.2.3.4";
-    private static final String IDENTITY_STRING = "Identity";
-    private static final String USERNAME_STRING = "username";
-    private static final String PASSWORD_STRING = "pa55w0rd";
-    private static final String EXCL_LIST = "exclList";
-    private static final byte[] PSK_BYTES = "preSharedKey".getBytes();
-    private static final int TEST_MTU = 1300;
-
-    @Rule
-    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
-
-    private final MockContext mMockContext =
-            new MockContext() {
-                @Override
-                public String getOpPackageName() {
-                    return "fooPackage";
-                }
-            };
-    private final ProxyInfo mProxy = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(
-            SERVER_ADDR_STRING, -1, ProxyUtils.exclusionStringAsList(EXCL_LIST));
-
-    private X509Certificate mUserCert;
-    private X509Certificate mServerRootCa;
-    private PrivateKey mPrivateKey;
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        mServerRootCa = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair().cert;
-
-        final CertificateAndKey userCertKey = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair();
-        mUserCert = userCertKey.cert;
-        mPrivateKey = userCertKey.key;
-    }
-
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder getBuilderWithDefaultOptions() {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, IDENTITY_STRING);
-
-        builder.setBypassable(true);
-        builder.setProxy(mProxy);
-        builder.setMaxMtu(TEST_MTU);
-        builder.setMetered(true);
-
-        return builder;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildValidProfileWithOptions() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
-        assertNotNull(profile);
-
-        // Check non-auth parameters correctly stored
-        assertEquals(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, profile.getServerAddr());
-        assertEquals(IDENTITY_STRING, profile.getUserIdentity());
-        assertEquals(mProxy, profile.getProxyInfo());
-        assertTrue(profile.isBypassable());
-        assertTrue(profile.isMetered());
-        assertEquals(TEST_MTU, profile.getMaxMtu());
-        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.DEFAULT_ALGORITHMS, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildUsernamePasswordProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
-        assertNotNull(profile);
-
-        assertEquals(USERNAME_STRING, profile.getUsername());
-        assertEquals(PASSWORD_STRING, profile.getPassword());
-        assertEquals(mServerRootCa, profile.getServerRootCaCert());
-
-        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
-        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
-        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildDigitalSignatureProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
-        assertNotNull(profile);
-
-        assertEquals(profile.getUserCert(), mUserCert);
-        assertEquals(mPrivateKey, profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
-        assertEquals(profile.getServerRootCaCert(), mServerRootCa);
-
-        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
-        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
-        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildPresharedKeyProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
-        assertNotNull(profile);
-
-        assertArrayEquals(PSK_BYTES, profile.getPresharedKey());
-
-        assertNull(profile.getServerRootCaCert());
-        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
-        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
-        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
-        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildWithAllowedAlgorithmsAead() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
-
-        List<String> allowedAlgorithms =
-                Arrays.asList(
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305);
-        builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(allowedAlgorithms);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
-        assertEquals(allowedAlgorithms, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildWithAllowedAlgorithmsNormal() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
-
-        List<String> allowedAlgorithms =
-                Arrays.asList(
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_XCBC,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_CMAC,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR);
-        builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(allowedAlgorithms);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
-        assertEquals(allowedAlgorithms, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAllowedAlgorithmsEmptyList() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        try {
-            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(new ArrayList<>());
-            fail("Expected exception due to no valid algorithm set");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAllowedAlgorithmsInvalidList() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-        List<String> allowedAlgorithms = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        try {
-            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256));
-            fail("Expected exception due to missing encryption");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-
-        try {
-            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC));
-            fail("Expected exception due to missing authentication");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAllowedAlgorithmsInsecureAlgorithm() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-        List<String> allowedAlgorithms = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        try {
-            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5));
-            fail("Expected exception due to insecure algorithm");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-
-        try {
-            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1));
-            fail("Expected exception due to insecure algorithm");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildNoAuthMethodSet() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        try {
-            builder.build();
-            fail("Expected exception due to lack of auth method");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    // TODO: Refer to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when it's available in AOSP and mainline branch
-    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildExcludeLocalRoutesSet() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
-        builder.setLocalRoutesExcluded(true);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
-        assertNotNull(profile);
-        assertTrue(profile.areLocalRoutesExcluded());
-
-        builder.setBypassable(false);
-        try {
-            builder.build();
-            fail("Expected exception because excludeLocalRoutes should be set only"
-                    + " on the bypassable VPN");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildInvalidMtu() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        try {
-            builder.setMaxMtu(500);
-            fail("Expected exception due to too-small MTU");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void verifyVpnProfileCommon(VpnProfile profile) {
-        assertEquals(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, profile.server);
-        assertEquals(IDENTITY_STRING, profile.ipsecIdentifier);
-        assertEquals(mProxy, profile.proxy);
-        assertTrue(profile.isBypassable);
-        assertTrue(profile.isMetered);
-        assertEquals(TEST_MTU, profile.maxMtu);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPskConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
-        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-
-        verifyVpnProfileCommon(profile);
-        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.encodeForIpsecSecret(PSK_BYTES), profile.ipsecSecret);
-
-        // Check nothing else is set
-        assertEquals("", profile.username);
-        assertEquals("", profile.password);
-        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecUserCert);
-        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecCaCert);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUsernamePasswordConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
-        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-
-        verifyVpnProfileCommon(profile);
-        assertEquals(USERNAME_STRING, profile.username);
-        assertEquals(PASSWORD_STRING, profile.password);
-        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mServerRootCa), profile.ipsecCaCert);
-
-        // Check nothing else is set
-        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecUserCert);
-        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecSecret);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRsaConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
-        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-
-        final String expectedSecret = Ikev2VpnProfile.PREFIX_INLINE
-                + Ikev2VpnProfile.encodeForIpsecSecret(mPrivateKey.getEncoded());
-        verifyVpnProfileCommon(profile);
-        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mUserCert), profile.ipsecUserCert);
-        assertEquals(
-                expectedSecret,
-                profile.ipsecSecret);
-        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mServerRootCa), profile.ipsecCaCert);
-
-        // Check nothing else is set
-        assertEquals("", profile.username);
-        assertEquals("", profile.password);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPskFromVpnProfileDiscardsIrrelevantValues() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
-        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-        profile.username = USERNAME_STRING;
-        profile.password = PASSWORD_STRING;
-        profile.ipsecCaCert = Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mServerRootCa);
-        profile.ipsecUserCert = Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mUserCert);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile result = Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(profile);
-        assertNull(result.getUsername());
-        assertNull(result.getPassword());
-        assertNull(result.getUserCert());
-        assertNull(result.getRsaPrivateKey());
-        assertNull(result.getServerRootCaCert());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUsernamePasswordFromVpnProfileDiscardsIrrelevantValues() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
-        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-        profile.ipsecSecret = new String(PSK_BYTES);
-        profile.ipsecUserCert = Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mUserCert);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile result = Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(profile);
-        assertNull(result.getPresharedKey());
-        assertNull(result.getUserCert());
-        assertNull(result.getRsaPrivateKey());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRsaFromVpnProfileDiscardsIrrelevantValues() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
-        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-        profile.username = USERNAME_STRING;
-        profile.password = PASSWORD_STRING;
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile result = Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(profile);
-        assertNull(result.getUsername());
-        assertNull(result.getPassword());
-        assertNull(result.getPresharedKey());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPskConversionIsLossless() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
-
-        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUsernamePasswordConversionIsLossless() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
-
-        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRsaConversionIsLossless() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
-
-        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildWithIkeTunConnParamsConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        // Special keyId that contains delimiter character of VpnProfile
-        final byte[] keyId = "foo\0bar".getBytes();
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams = new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(
-                getTestIkeSessionParams(true /* testIpv6 */, new IkeKeyIdIdentification(keyId)),
-                CHILD_PARAMS);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikev2VpnProfile = new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams).build();
-        final VpnProfile vpnProfile = ikev2VpnProfile.toVpnProfile();
-
-        assertEquals(VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_FROM_IKE_TUN_CONN_PARAMS, vpnProfile.type);
-
-        // Username, password, server, ipsecIdentifier, ipsecCaCert, ipsecSecret, ipsecUserCert and
-        // getAllowedAlgorithms should not be set if IkeTunnelConnectionParams is set.
-        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.server);
-        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecIdentifier);
-        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.username);
-        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.password);
-        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecCaCert);
-        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecSecret);
-        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecUserCert);
-        assertEquals(0, vpnProfile.getAllowedAlgorithms().size());
-
-        // IkeTunnelConnectionParams should stay the same.
-        assertEquals(tunnelParams, vpnProfile.ikeTunConnParams);
-
-        // Convert to disk-stable format and then back to Ikev2VpnProfile should be the same.
-        final VpnProfile decodedVpnProfile =
-                VpnProfile.decode(vpnProfile.key, vpnProfile.encode());
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile convertedIkev2VpnProfile =
-                Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(decodedVpnProfile);
-        assertEquals(ikev2VpnProfile, convertedIkev2VpnProfile);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testConversionIsLosslessWithIkeTunConnParams() throws Exception {
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS_V6, CHILD_PARAMS);
-        // Config authentication related fields is not required while building with
-        // IkeTunnelConnectionParams.
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams).build();
-        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testAutomaticNattAndIpVersionConversionIsLossless() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-        builder.setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(true);
-        builder.setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(true);
-
-        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
-
-        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testAutomaticNattAndIpVersionDefaults() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-
-        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
-
-        assertEquals(false, ikeProfile.isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled());
-        assertEquals(false, ikeProfile.isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEquals() throws Exception {
-        // Verify building without IkeTunnelConnectionParams
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
-        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
-        assertEquals(builder.build(), builder.build());
-
-        // Verify building with IkeTunnelConnectionParams
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS_V6, CHILD_PARAMS);
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams2 =
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS_V6, CHILD_PARAMS);
-        assertEquals(new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams).build(),
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams2).build());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildProfileWithNullProxy() throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikev2VpnProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, IDENTITY_STRING)
-                        .setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa)
-                        .build();
-
-        // ProxyInfo should be null for the profile without setting ProxyInfo.
-        assertNull(ikev2VpnProfile.getProxyInfo());
-
-        // ProxyInfo should stay null after performing toVpnProfile() and fromVpnProfile()
-        final VpnProfile vpnProfile = ikev2VpnProfile.toVpnProfile();
-        assertNull(vpnProfile.proxy);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile convertedIkev2VpnProfile = Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(vpnProfile);
-        assertNull(convertedIkev2VpnProfile.getProxyInfo());
-    }
-
-    private static class CertificateAndKey {
-        public final X509Certificate cert;
-        public final PrivateKey key;
-
-        CertificateAndKey(X509Certificate cert, PrivateKey key) {
-            this.cert = cert;
-            this.key = key;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static CertificateAndKey generateRandomCertAndKeyPair() throws Exception {
-        final Date validityBeginDate =
-                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
-        final Date validityEndDate =
-                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
-
-        // Generate a keypair
-        final KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
-        keyPairGenerator.initialize(512);
-        final KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
-
-        final X500Principal dnName = new X500Principal("CN=test.android.com");
-        final X509V1CertificateGenerator certGen = new X509V1CertificateGenerator();
-        certGen.setSerialNumber(BigInteger.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
-        certGen.setSubjectDN(dnName);
-        certGen.setIssuerDN(dnName);
-        certGen.setNotBefore(validityBeginDate);
-        certGen.setNotAfter(validityEndDate);
-        certGen.setPublicKey(keyPair.getPublic());
-        certGen.setSignatureAlgorithm("SHA256WithRSAEncryption");
-
-        final X509Certificate cert = certGen.generate(keyPair.getPrivate(), "AndroidOpenSSL");
-        return new CertificateAndKey(cert, keyPair.getPrivate());
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/MulticastRoutingConfigTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/MulticastRoutingConfigTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f01057b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/MulticastRoutingConfigTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_NONE
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+class MulticastRoutingConfigTest {
+
+    val address1 = Inet6Address.getByName("2000::8888") as Inet6Address
+    val address2 = Inet6Address.getByName("2000::9999") as Inet6Address
+
+    private fun configNone() = Builder(FORWARD_NONE).build()
+    private fun configMinScope(scope: Int) = Builder(FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, scope).build()
+    private fun configSelected() = Builder(FORWARD_SELECTED).build()
+    private fun configSelectedWithAddress1AndAddress2() =
+            Builder(FORWARD_SELECTED).addListeningAddress(address1)
+            .addListeningAddress(address2).build()
+    private fun configSelectedWithAddress2AndAddress1() =
+            Builder(FORWARD_SELECTED).addListeningAddress(address2)
+            .addListeningAddress(address1).build()
+
+    @Test
+    fun equalityTests() {
+
+        assertTrue(configNone().equals(configNone()))
+
+        assertTrue(configSelected().equals(configSelected()))
+
+        assertTrue(configMinScope(4).equals(configMinScope(4)))
+
+        assertTrue(configSelectedWithAddress1AndAddress2()
+                .equals(configSelectedWithAddress2AndAddress1()))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun inequalityTests() {
+
+        assertFalse(configNone().equals(configSelected()))
+
+        assertFalse(configNone().equals(configMinScope(4)))
+
+        assertFalse(configSelected().equals(configMinScope(4)))
+
+        assertFalse(configMinScope(4).equals(configMinScope(5)))
+
+        assertFalse(configSelected().equals(configSelectedWithAddress1AndAddress2()))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun toString_equalObjects_returnsEqualStrings() {
+        val config1 = configSelectedWithAddress1AndAddress2()
+        val config2 = configSelectedWithAddress2AndAddress1()
+
+        val str1 = config1.toString()
+        val str2 = config2.toString()
+
+        assertTrue(str1.equals(str2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun toString_unequalObjects_returnsUnequalStrings() {
+        val config1 = configSelected()
+        val config2 = configSelectedWithAddress1AndAddress2()
+
+        val str1 = config1.toString()
+        val str2 = config2.toString()
+
+        assertFalse(str1.equals(str2))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/BpfNetMapsReaderTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest.kt
similarity index 64%
rename from tests/unit/java/android/net/BpfNetMapsReaderTest.kt
rename to tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest.kt
index 258e422..b5d78f3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/BpfNetMapsReaderTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest.kt
@@ -16,16 +16,23 @@
 
 package android.net
 
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_DISABLED
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DOZABLE_MATCH
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.HAPPY_BOX_MATCH
-import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.STANDBY_MATCH
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.getMatchByFirewallChain
 import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES
+import android.os.Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap
@@ -33,29 +40,38 @@
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
-private const val TEST_UID1 = 1234
+private const val TEST_UID1 = 11234
 private const val TEST_UID2 = TEST_UID1 + 1
 private const val TEST_UID3 = TEST_UID2 + 1
 private const val NO_IIF = 0
 
-// pre-T devices does not support Bpf.
+// NetworkStack can not use this before U due to b/326143935
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-class BpfNetMapsReaderTest {
+@IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+class NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest {
+    @Rule
+    @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
     private val testConfigurationMap: IBpfMap<S32, U32> = TestBpfMap()
     private val testUidOwnerMap: IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> = TestBpfMap()
-    private val bpfNetMapsReader = BpfNetMapsReader(
-        TestDependencies(testConfigurationMap, testUidOwnerMap))
+    private val testDataSaverEnabledMap: IBpfMap<S32, U8> = TestBpfMap()
+    private val bpfNetMapsReader = NetworkStackBpfNetMaps(
+        TestDependencies(testConfigurationMap, testUidOwnerMap, testDataSaverEnabledMap)
+    )
 
     class TestDependencies(
         private val configMap: IBpfMap<S32, U32>,
-        private val uidOwnerMap: IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue>
-    ) : BpfNetMapsReader.Dependencies() {
+        private val uidOwnerMap: IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue>,
+        private val dataSaverEnabledMap: IBpfMap<S32, U8>
+    ) : NetworkStackBpfNetMaps.Dependencies() {
         override fun getConfigurationMap() = configMap
         override fun getUidOwnerMap() = uidOwnerMap
+        override fun getDataSaverEnabledMap() = dataSaverEnabledMap
     }
 
     private fun doTestIsChainEnabled(chain: Int) {
@@ -86,11 +102,20 @@
             Modifier.isStatic(it.modifiers) && it.name.startsWith("FIREWALL_CHAIN_")
         }
         // Verify the size matches, this also verifies no common item in allow and deny chains.
-        assertEquals(BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.size +
-                BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.size, declaredChains.size)
+        assertEquals(
+                BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.size +
+                        BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.size +
+                        BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.size +
+                        BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS.size,
+            declaredChains.size
+        )
         declaredChains.forEach {
-            assertTrue(BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
-                    BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)))
+            assertTrue(
+                    BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
+                            BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
+                            BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
+                            BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null))
+            )
         }
     }
 
@@ -104,11 +129,17 @@
         testConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, U32(newConfig))
     }
 
-    fun isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid: Int, metered: Boolean = false, dataSaver: Boolean = false) =
-            bpfNetMapsReader.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered, dataSaver)
+    private fun mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
+        val dataSaverValue = if (enabled) {DATA_SAVER_ENABLED} else {DATA_SAVER_DISABLED}
+        testDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, U8(dataSaverValue))
+    }
+
+    fun isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid: Int, metered: Boolean = false) =
+            bpfNetMapsReader.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered)
 
     @Test
     fun testIsUidNetworkingBlockedByFirewallChains_allowChain() {
+        mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled = false)
         // With everything disabled by default, verify the return value is false.
         testConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, U32(0))
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1))
@@ -128,6 +159,7 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testIsUidNetworkingBlockedByFirewallChains_denyChain() {
+        mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled = false)
         // Enable standby chain but does not provide denied list. Verify the network is allowed
         // for all uids.
         testConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, U32(0))
@@ -149,47 +181,67 @@
         testConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, U32(0))
         mockChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE, true)
         mockChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY, true)
+        mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled = false)
         assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1))
     }
 
     @IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     @Test
     fun testIsUidNetworkingBlockedByDataSaver() {
+        mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled = false)
         // With everything disabled by default, verify the return value is false.
         testConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, U32(0))
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
 
         // Add uid1 to penalty box, verify the network is blocked for uid1, while uid2 is not
         // affected.
-        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(TEST_UID1), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(TEST_UID1), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(TEST_UID1), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(
+                S32(TEST_UID1),
+                UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH or PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH)
+        )
         assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
 
         // Enable data saver, verify the network is blocked for uid1, uid2, but uid3 in happy box
         // is not affected.
+        mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled = true)
         testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(TEST_UID3), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH))
-        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
-        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
-        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true))
 
         // Add uid1 to happy box as well, verify nothing is changed because penalty box has higher
         // priority.
         testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(
             S32(TEST_UID1),
-            UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH or HAPPY_BOX_MATCH)
+            UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH or HAPPY_BOX_MATCH)
         )
-        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
-        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
-        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(
+                S32(TEST_UID1),
+                UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH or HAPPY_BOX_MATCH)
+        )
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true))
 
         // Enable doze mode, verify uid3 is blocked even if it is in happy box.
         mockChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true)
-        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
-        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
-        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true, dataSaver = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true))
 
         // Disable doze mode and data saver, only uid1 which is in penalty box is blocked.
         mockChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, false)
+        mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled = false)
         assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true))
@@ -199,4 +251,30 @@
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2))
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3))
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_SystemUid() {
+        mockDataSaverEnabled(enabled = false)
+        testConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, U32(0))
+        mockChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true)
+
+        for (uid in FIRST_APPLICATION_UID - 5..FIRST_APPLICATION_UID + 5) {
+            // system uid is not blocked regardless of firewall chains
+            val expectBlocked = uid >= FIRST_APPLICATION_UID
+            testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(uid), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH))
+            assertEquals(
+                expectBlocked,
+                    isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered = true),
+                    "isUidNetworkingBlocked returns unexpected value for uid = " + uid
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetDataSaverEnabled() {
+        testDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, U8(DATA_SAVER_DISABLED))
+        assertFalse(bpfNetMapsReader.dataSaverEnabled)
+        testDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, U8(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED))
+        assertTrue(bpfNetMapsReader.dataSaverEnabled)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
index a6e9e95..81557f8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.Mockito;
@@ -90,7 +91,8 @@
 @SmallTest
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
 public class NetworkStatsCollectionTest {
-
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
     private static final String TEST_FILE = "test.bin";
     private static final String TEST_IMSI = "310260000000000";
     private static final int TEST_SUBID = 1;
@@ -199,6 +201,33 @@
                 77017831L, 100995L, 35436758L, 92344L);
     }
 
+    private InputStream getUidInputStreamFromRes(int uidRes) throws Exception {
+        final File testFile =
+                new File(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getFilesDir(), TEST_FILE);
+        stageFile(uidRes, testFile);
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        collection.readLegacyUid(testFile, true);
+
+        // now export into a unified format
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        collection.write(bos);
+        return new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFastDataInputRead() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsCollection legacyCollection =
+                new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, false /* useFastDataInput */);
+        final NetworkStatsCollection fastReadCollection =
+                new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, true /* useFastDataInput */);
+        final InputStream bis = getUidInputStreamFromRes(R.raw.netstats_uid_v4);
+        legacyCollection.read(bis);
+        bis.reset();
+        fastReadCollection.read(bis);
+        assertCollectionEntries(legacyCollection.getEntries(), fastReadCollection);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testStartEndAtomicBuckets() throws Exception {
         final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsRecorderTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsRecorderTest.java
index fad11a3..7d039b6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsRecorderTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsRecorderTest.java
@@ -16,8 +16,17 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net;
 
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_XT;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
 
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UID;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UIDTAG;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_XT;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
@@ -29,21 +38,31 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity;
+import android.net.NetworkIdentitySet;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection;
 import android.os.DropBoxManager;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.FileRotator;
+import com.android.metrics.NetworkStatsMetricsLogger;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
+import libcore.testing.io.TestIoUtils;
+
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
@@ -53,6 +72,8 @@
     private static final String TAG = NetworkStatsRecorderTest.class.getSimpleName();
 
     private static final String TEST_PREFIX = "test";
+    private static final int TEST_UID1 = 1234;
+    private static final int TEST_UID2 = 1235;
 
     @Mock private DropBoxManager mDropBox;
     @Mock private NetworkStats.NonMonotonicObserver mObserver;
@@ -64,7 +85,8 @@
 
     private NetworkStatsRecorder buildRecorder(FileRotator rotator, boolean wipeOnError) {
         return new NetworkStatsRecorder(rotator, mObserver, mDropBox, TEST_PREFIX,
-                    HOUR_IN_MILLIS, false /* includeTags */, wipeOnError);
+                HOUR_IN_MILLIS, false /* includeTags */, wipeOnError,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */, null /* baseDir */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -85,4 +107,110 @@
         // Verify that the rotator won't delete files.
         verify(rotator, never()).deleteAll();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFileReadingMetrics_empty() {
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30);
+        final NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.Dependencies deps =
+                mock(NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.Dependencies.class);
+        final NetworkStatsMetricsLogger logger = new NetworkStatsMetricsLogger(deps);
+        logger.logRecorderFileReading(PREFIX_XT, 888, null /* statsDir */, collection,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */);
+        verify(deps).writeRecorderFileReadingStats(
+                NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_XT,
+                1 /* readIndex */,
+                888 /* readLatencyMillis */,
+                0 /* fileCount */,
+                0 /* totalFileSize */,
+                0 /* keys */,
+                0 /* uids */,
+                0 /* totalHistorySize */,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */
+        );
+
+        // Write second time, verify the index increases.
+        logger.logRecorderFileReading(PREFIX_XT, 567, null /* statsDir */, collection,
+                true /* useFastDataInput */);
+        verify(deps).writeRecorderFileReadingStats(
+                NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_XT,
+                2 /* readIndex */,
+                567 /* readLatencyMillis */,
+                0 /* fileCount */,
+                0 /* totalFileSize */,
+                0 /* keys */,
+                0 /* uids */,
+                0 /* totalHistorySize */,
+                true /* useFastDataInput */
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFileReadingMetrics() {
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30);
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+        final NetworkIdentitySet identSet = new NetworkIdentitySet();
+        identSet.add(new NetworkIdentity.Builder().build());
+        // Empty entries will be skipped, put some ints to make sure they can be recorded.
+        entry.rxBytes = 1;
+
+        collection.recordData(identSet, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0, 60, entry);
+        collection.recordData(identSet, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0, 60, entry);
+        collection.recordData(identSet, TEST_UID2, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 30, 60, entry);
+
+        final NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.Dependencies deps =
+                mock(NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.Dependencies.class);
+        final NetworkStatsMetricsLogger logger = new NetworkStatsMetricsLogger(deps);
+        logger.logRecorderFileReading(PREFIX_UID, 123, null /* statsDir */, collection,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */);
+        verify(deps).writeRecorderFileReadingStats(
+                NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UID,
+                1 /* readIndex */,
+                123 /* readLatencyMillis */,
+                0 /* fileCount */,
+                0 /* totalFileSize */,
+                3 /* keys */,
+                2 /* uids */,
+                5 /* totalHistorySize */,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFileReadingMetrics_fileAttributes() throws IOException {
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30);
+
+        // Create files for testing. Only the first and the third files should be counted,
+        // with total 26 (each char takes 2 bytes) bytes in the content.
+        final File statsDir = TestIoUtils.createTemporaryDirectory(getClass().getSimpleName());
+        write(statsDir, "uid_tag.1024-2048", "wanted");
+        write(statsDir, "uid_tag.1024-2048.backup", "");
+        write(statsDir, "uid_tag.2048-", "wanted2");
+        write(statsDir, "uid.2048-4096", "unwanted");
+        write(statsDir, "uid.2048-4096.backup", "unwanted2");
+
+        final NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.Dependencies deps =
+                mock(NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.Dependencies.class);
+        final NetworkStatsMetricsLogger logger = new NetworkStatsMetricsLogger(deps);
+        logger.logRecorderFileReading(PREFIX_UID_TAG, 678, statsDir, collection,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */);
+        verify(deps).writeRecorderFileReadingStats(
+                NETWORK_STATS_RECORDER_FILE_OPERATED__RECORDER_PREFIX__PREFIX_UIDTAG,
+                1 /* readIndex */,
+                678 /* readLatencyMillis */,
+                2 /* fileCount */,
+                26 /* totalFileSize */,
+                0 /* keys */,
+                0 /* uids */,
+                0 /* totalHistorySize */,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void write(@NonNull File baseDir, @NonNull String name,
+                       @NonNull String value) throws IOException {
+        final DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(
+                new FileOutputStream(new File(baseDir, name)));
+        out.writeChars(value);
+        out.close();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
index a28245d..e453c02 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
@@ -16,19 +16,37 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_RCVTIMEO;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getVsrApiLevel;
+
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.StructTimeval;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SocketUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
@@ -131,4 +149,42 @@
         assertEquals(BigInteger.valueOf(7l - 4 + 4 + 16 + 65536),
                 NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
     }
+
+    private byte[] getTimevalBytes(StructTimeval tv) {
+        byte[] timeval = new byte[16];
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(timeval);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        buf.putLong(tv.tv_sec);
+        buf.putLong(tv.tv_usec);
+        return timeval;
+    }
+
+    private void testSetSockOptBytes(FileDescriptor sock, long timeValMillis)
+            throws ErrnoException {
+        final StructTimeval writeTimeval = StructTimeval.fromMillis(timeValMillis);
+        byte[] timeval = getTimevalBytes(writeTimeval);
+        final StructTimeval readTimeval;
+
+        NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, timeval);
+        readTimeval = Os.getsockoptTimeval(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO);
+
+        assertEquals(writeTimeval, readTimeval);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetSockOptBytes() throws ErrnoException {
+        final FileDescriptor sock = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
+
+        testSetSockOptBytes(sock, 3000);
+
+        testSetSockOptBytes(sock, 5000);
+
+        SocketUtils.closeSocketQuietly(sock);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsKernel64Bit() {
+        assumeTrue(getVsrApiLevel() > Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU);
+        assertTrue(NetworkUtils.isKernel64Bit());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ab4e45..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
-import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
-
-import android.content.ComponentName;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.os.Build;
-import android.test.mock.MockContext;
-import android.util.SparseArray;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
-
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
-import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
-/** Unit tests for {@link VpnManager}. */
-@SmallTest
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-public class VpnManagerTest {
-
-    private static final String PKG_NAME = "fooPackage";
-
-    private static final String SESSION_NAME_STRING = "testSession";
-    private static final String SERVER_ADDR_STRING = "1.2.3.4";
-    private static final String IDENTITY_STRING = "Identity";
-    private static final byte[] PSK_BYTES = "preSharedKey".getBytes();
-
-    private IVpnManager mMockService;
-    private VpnManager mVpnManager;
-    private final MockContext mMockContext =
-            new MockContext() {
-                @Override
-                public String getOpPackageName() {
-                    return PKG_NAME;
-                }
-            };
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse("Skipping test because watches don't support VPN",
-            InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(
-                PackageManager.FEATURE_WATCH));
-        mMockService = mock(IVpnManager.class);
-        mVpnManager = new VpnManager(mMockContext, mMockService);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfilePreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnProfile profile = getPlatformVpnProfile();
-        when(mMockService.provisionVpnProfile(any(VpnProfile.class), eq(PKG_NAME)))
-                .thenReturn(true);
-
-        // Expect there to be no intent returned, as consent has already been granted.
-        assertNull(mVpnManager.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
-        verify(mMockService).provisionVpnProfile(eq(profile.toVpnProfile()), eq(PKG_NAME));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNeedsConsent() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnProfile profile = getPlatformVpnProfile();
-        when(mMockService.provisionVpnProfile(any(VpnProfile.class), eq(PKG_NAME)))
-                .thenReturn(false);
-
-        // Expect intent to be returned, as consent has not already been granted.
-        final Intent intent = mVpnManager.provisionVpnProfile(profile);
-        assertNotNull(intent);
-
-        final ComponentName expectedComponentName =
-                ComponentName.unflattenFromString(
-                        "com.android.vpndialogs/com.android.vpndialogs.PlatformVpnConfirmDialog");
-        assertEquals(expectedComponentName, intent.getComponent());
-        verify(mMockService).provisionVpnProfile(eq(profile.toVpnProfile()), eq(PKG_NAME));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDeleteProvisionedVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        mVpnManager.deleteProvisionedVpnProfile();
-        verify(mMockService).deleteVpnProfile(eq(PKG_NAME));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartProvisionedVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        mVpnManager.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
-        verify(mMockService).startVpnProfile(eq(PKG_NAME));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStopProvisionedVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        mVpnManager.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
-        verify(mMockService).stopVpnProfile(eq(PKG_NAME));
-    }
-
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile getPlatformVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        return new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, IDENTITY_STRING)
-                .setBypassable(true)
-                .setMaxMtu(1300)
-                .setMetered(true)
-                .setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES)
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testVpnTypesEqual() throws Exception {
-        SparseArray<String> vmVpnTypes = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
-                new Class[] { VpnManager.class }, new String[]{ "TYPE_VPN_" });
-        SparseArray<String> nativeVpnType = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
-                new Class[] { NativeVpnType.class }, new String[]{ "" });
-
-        // TYPE_VPN_NONE = -1 is only defined in VpnManager.
-        assertEquals(vmVpnTypes.size() - 1, nativeVpnType.size());
-        for (int i = VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE; i < vmVpnTypes.size(); i++) {
-            assertEquals(vmVpnTypes.get(i), "TYPE_VPN_" + nativeVpnType.get(i));
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequestTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequestTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c491f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequestTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd
+
+import android.net.nsd.AdvertisingRequest.NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.parcelingRoundTrip
+import java.time.Duration
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+// TODO: move this class to CTS tests when AdvertisingRequest is made public
+/** Unit tests for {@link AdvertisingRequest}. */
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class AdvertisingRequestTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelingIsLossLess() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_ipp._tcp"
+        }
+        val beforeParcel = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                .setAdvertisingConfig(NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY)
+                .setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(30L))
+                .build()
+
+        val afterParcel = parcelingRoundTrip(beforeParcel)
+
+        assertEquals(beforeParcel.serviceInfo.serviceType, afterParcel.serviceInfo.serviceType)
+        assertEquals(beforeParcel.advertisingConfig, afterParcel.advertisingConfig)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder_setNullTtl_success() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_ipp._tcp"
+        }
+        val request = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                .setTtl(null)
+                .build()
+
+        assertNull(request.ttl)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder_setPropertiesSuccess() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_ipp._tcp"
+        }
+        val request = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                .setAdvertisingConfig(NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY)
+                .setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(100L))
+                .build()
+
+        assertEquals("_ipp._tcp", request.serviceInfo.serviceType)
+        assertEquals(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, request.protocolType)
+        assertEquals(NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY, request.advertisingConfig)
+        assertEquals(Duration.ofSeconds(100L), request.ttl)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEquality() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_ipp._tcp"
+        }
+        val request1 = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD).build()
+        val request2 = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD).build()
+        val request3 = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                .setAdvertisingConfig(NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY)
+                .setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(120L))
+                .build()
+        val request4 = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                .setAdvertisingConfig(NSD_ADVERTISING_UPDATE_ONLY)
+                .setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(120L))
+                .build()
+
+        assertEquals(request1, request2)
+        assertEquals(request3, request4)
+        assertNotEquals(request1, request3)
+        assertNotEquals(request2, request4)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
index 0965193..9c812a1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.checkServiceInfoForRegistration;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.hexStringToByteArray;
+
 import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.DisableCompatChanges;
 import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.EnableCompatChanges;
 
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
@@ -38,6 +44,7 @@
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.FunctionalUtils.ThrowingConsumer;
@@ -51,6 +58,12 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
@@ -85,73 +98,81 @@
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testResolveServiceS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ false);
         doTestResolveService();
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testResolveServicePreS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ true);
         doTestResolveService();
     }
 
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testDiscoverServiceS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ false);
         doTestDiscoverService();
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testDiscoverServicePreS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ true);
         doTestDiscoverService();
     }
 
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testParallelResolveServiceS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ false);
         doTestParallelResolveService();
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testParallelResolveServicePreS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ true);
         doTestParallelResolveService();
     }
 
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testInvalidCallsS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ false);
         doTestInvalidCalls();
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testInvalidCallsPreS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ true);
         doTestInvalidCalls();
     }
 
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testRegisterServiceS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ false);
         doTestRegisterService();
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     public void testRegisterServicePreS() throws Exception {
-        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        verifyDaemonStarted(/* targetSdkPreS= */ true);
         doTestRegisterService();
     }
 
+    private void verifyDaemonStarted(boolean targetSdkPreS) throws Exception {
+        if (targetSdkPreS && !SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        } else {
+            verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        }
+    }
+
     private void doTestResolveService() throws Exception {
         NsdManager manager = mManager;
 
@@ -195,6 +216,39 @@
         verify(listener2, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceResolved(reply);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterServiceWithAdvertisingRequest() throws Exception {
+        final NsdManager manager = mManager;
+        final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo("another_name2", "another_type2");
+        request.setPort(2203);
+        final AdvertisingRequest advertisingRequest = new AdvertisingRequest.Builder(request,
+                PROTOCOL).build();
+        final NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener = mock(
+                NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        manager.registerService(advertisingRequest, Runnable::run, listener);
+        int key4 = getRequestKey(req -> verify(mServiceConn).registerService(req.capture(), any()));
+        mCallback.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(key4, request);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceRegistered(request);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterServiceWithCustomTtl() throws Exception {
+        final NsdManager manager = mManager;
+        final NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo("another_name2", "another_type2");
+        info.setPort(2203);
+        final AdvertisingRequest request = new AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL)
+                .setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(30)).build();
+        final NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener = mock(
+                NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        manager.registerService(request, Runnable::run, listener);
+
+        AdvertisingRequest capturedRequest = getAdvertisingRequest(
+                req -> verify(mServiceConn).registerService(anyInt(), req.capture()));
+        assertEquals(request.getTtl(), capturedRequest.getTtl());
+    }
+
     private void doTestRegisterService() throws Exception {
         NsdManager manager = mManager;
 
@@ -259,6 +313,7 @@
     private void doTestDiscoverService() throws Exception {
         NsdManager manager = mManager;
 
+        DiscoveryRequest request1 = new DiscoveryRequest.Builder("a_type").build();
         NsdServiceInfo reply1 = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
         NsdServiceInfo reply2 = new NsdServiceInfo("another_name", "a_type");
         NsdServiceInfo reply3 = new NsdServiceInfo("a_third_name", "a_type");
@@ -279,7 +334,7 @@
         int key2 = getRequestKey(req ->
                 verify(mServiceConn, times(2)).discoverServices(req.capture(), any()));
 
-        mCallback.onDiscoverServicesStarted(key2, reply1);
+        mCallback.onDiscoverServicesStarted(key2, request1);
         verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onDiscoveryStarted("a_type");
 
 
@@ -319,7 +374,7 @@
         int key3 = getRequestKey(req ->
                 verify(mServiceConn, times(3)).discoverServices(req.capture(), any()));
 
-        mCallback.onDiscoverServicesStarted(key3, reply1);
+        mCallback.onDiscoverServicesStarted(key3, request1);
         verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onDiscoveryStarted("a_type");
 
         // Client unregisters immediately, it fails
@@ -343,10 +398,66 @@
         NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
         NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener2 = mock(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
         NsdManager.ResolveListener listener3 = mock(NsdManager.ResolveListener.class);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener4 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener5 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener6 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener7 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
 
         NsdServiceInfo invalidService = new NsdServiceInfo(null, null);
-        NsdServiceInfo validService = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        NsdServiceInfo validService = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        NsdServiceInfo otherServiceWithSubtype = new NsdServiceInfo("b_name", "_a_type._tcp,_sub1");
+        NsdServiceInfo validServiceDuplicate = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        NsdServiceInfo validServiceSubtypeUpdate = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name",
+                "_a_type._tcp,_sub1,_s2");
+        NsdServiceInfo otherSubtypeUpdate = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp,_sub1,_s3");
+        NsdServiceInfo dotSyntaxSubtypeUpdate = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_sub1._a_type._tcp");
+
         validService.setPort(2222);
+        otherServiceWithSubtype.setPort(2222);
+        validServiceDuplicate.setPort(2222);
+        validServiceSubtypeUpdate.setPort(2222);
+        otherSubtypeUpdate.setPort(2222);
+        dotSyntaxSubtypeUpdate.setPort(2222);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo invalidMissingHostnameWithAddresses = new NsdServiceInfo(null, null);
+        invalidMissingHostnameWithAddresses.setHostAddresses(
+                List.of(
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.168.82.14"),
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::1")));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo validCustomHostWithAddresses = new NsdServiceInfo(null, null);
+        validCustomHostWithAddresses.setHostname("a_host");
+        validCustomHostWithAddresses.setHostAddresses(
+                List.of(
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.168.82.14"),
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::1")));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo validServiceWithCustomHostAndAddresses =
+                new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        validServiceWithCustomHostAndAddresses.setPort(2222);
+        validServiceWithCustomHostAndAddresses.setHostname("a_host");
+        validServiceWithCustomHostAndAddresses.setHostAddresses(
+                List.of(
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.168.82.14"),
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::1")));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo validServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses =
+                new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        validServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses.setPort(2222);
+        validServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses.setHostname("a_host");
+
+        NsdServiceInfo validServiceWithPublicKey = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        validServiceWithPublicKey.setPublicKey(
+                hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                                + "270962d3"));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo invalidServiceWithTooShortPublicKey =
+                new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        invalidServiceWithTooShortPublicKey.setPublicKey(hexStringToByteArray("0201"));
 
         // Service registration
         //  - invalid arguments
@@ -356,13 +467,43 @@
         mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(invalidService, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
         mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validService, -1, listener1); });
         mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, null); });
+        mustFail(() -> {
+            manager.registerService(invalidMissingHostnameWithAddresses, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        mustFail(() -> {
+            manager.registerService(invalidServiceWithTooShortPublicKey, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
         manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1);
-        //  - listener already registered
+        //  - update without subtype is not allowed
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validServiceDuplicate, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        //  - update with subtype is allowed
+        manager.registerService(validServiceSubtypeUpdate, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        //  - re-updating to the same subtype is allowed
+        manager.registerService(validServiceSubtypeUpdate, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        //  - updating to other subtypes is allowed
+        manager.registerService(otherSubtypeUpdate, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        //  - update back to the service without subtype is allowed
+        manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        //  - updating to a subtype with _sub._type syntax is not allowed
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(dotSyntaxSubtypeUpdate, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        //  - updating to a different service name is not allowed
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(otherServiceWithSubtype, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        //  - listener already registered, and not using subtypes
         mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
         manager.unregisterService(listener1);
         // TODO: make listener immediately reusable
         //mustFail(() -> { manager.unregisterService(listener1); });
         //manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        //  - registering a custom host without a service is valid
+        manager.registerService(validCustomHostWithAddresses, PROTOCOL, listener4);
+        manager.unregisterService(listener4);
+        //  - registering a service with a custom host is valid
+        manager.registerService(validServiceWithCustomHostAndAddresses, PROTOCOL, listener5);
+        manager.unregisterService(listener5);
+        //  - registering a service with a custom host with no addresses is valid
+        manager.registerService(validServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses, PROTOCOL, listener6);
+        manager.unregisterService(listener6);
+        //  - registering a service with a public key is valid
+        manager.registerService(validServiceWithPublicKey, PROTOCOL, listener7);
+        manager.unregisterService(listener7);
 
         // Discover service
         //  - invalid arguments
@@ -390,6 +531,229 @@
         mustFail(() -> { manager.resolveService(validService, listener3); });
     }
 
+    private static final class NsdServiceInfoBuilder {
+        private static final String SERVICE_NAME = "TestService";
+        private static final String SERVICE_TYPE = "_testservice._tcp";
+        private static final int SERVICE_PORT = 12345;
+        private static final String HOSTNAME = "TestHost";
+        private static final List<InetAddress> HOST_ADDRESSES =
+                List.of(parseNumericAddress("192.168.2.23"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"));
+        private static final byte[] PUBLIC_KEY =
+                hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                                + "270962d3");
+
+        private final NsdServiceInfo mNsdServiceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+
+        NsdServiceInfo build() {
+            return mNsdServiceInfo;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setNoService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(0);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(SERVICE_PORT);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setZeroPortService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(0);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setInvalidService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(SERVICE_PORT);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setDefaultHost() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(Collections.emptyList());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setCustomHost() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(HOSTNAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(HOST_ADDRESSES);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setCustomHostNoAddress() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(HOSTNAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(Collections.emptyList());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setHostAddressesNoHostname() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(HOST_ADDRESSES);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setNoPublicKey() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPublicKey(null);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setPublicKey() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setInvalidPublicKey() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPublicKey(new byte[3]);
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckServiceInfoForRegistration() {
+        // The service is invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setInvalidService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build()));
+        // Keep compatible with the legacy behavior: It's allowed to set host
+        // addresses for a service registration although the host addresses
+        // won't be registered. To register the addresses for a host, the
+        // hostname must be specified.
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setHostAddressesNoHostname()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // The public key is invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setInvalidPublicKey().build()));
+        // Invalid combinations
+        // 1. (service, custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 2. (service, custom host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 3. (service, no-address custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 4. (service, no-address custom host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 5. (service, default host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 6. (service, default host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 7. (0-port service, custom host, valid key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 8. (0-port service, custom host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 9. (0-port service, no-address custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 10. (0-port service, no-address custom host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 11. (0-port service, default host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 12. (0-port service, default host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 13. (no service, custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 14. (no service, custom host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 15. (no service, no-address custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 16. (no service, no-address custom host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 17. (no service, default host, key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build()));
+        // 18. (no service, default host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+    }
+
     public void mustFail(Runnable fn) {
         try {
             fn.run();
@@ -404,4 +768,12 @@
         verifier.accept(captor);
         return captor.getValue();
     }
+
+    AdvertisingRequest getAdvertisingRequest(
+            ThrowingConsumer<ArgumentCaptor<AdvertisingRequest>> verifier) throws Exception {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<AdvertisingRequest> captor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(AdvertisingRequest.class);
+        verifier.accept(captor);
+        return captor.getValue();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f86f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link NsdServiceInfo}. */
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+class NsdServiceInfoTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testToString_txtRecord() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            this.setAttribute("abc", byteArrayOf(0xff.toByte(), 0xfe.toByte()))
+            this.setAttribute("def", null as String?)
+            this.setAttribute("ghi", "猫")
+            this.setAttribute("jkl", byteArrayOf(0, 0x21))
+            this.setAttribute("mno", "Hey Tom! It's you?.~{}")
+        }
+
+        val infoStr = info.toString()
+
+        assertTrue(
+            infoStr.contains("txtRecord: " +
+                "{abc=0xFFFE, def=(null), ghi=0xE78CAB, jkl=0x0021, mno=Hey Tom! It's you?.~{}}"),
+            infoStr)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
index cb3a315..470274d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@
 
         // Check resource with invalid transport type.
         assertRunWithException(arrayOf("-1,3"))
-        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("10,3"))
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("11,3"))
 
         // Check valid customization generates expected array.
         val validRes = arrayOf("0,3", "1,0", "4,4")
-        val expectedValidRes = intArrayOf(3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        val expectedValidRes = intArrayOf(3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 
         val mockContext = getMockedContextWithStringArrayRes(
                 R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b2dff2e..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.internal.net;
-
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.IKE_PARAMS_V4;
-
-import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
-import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastU;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
-import android.os.Build;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-
-/** Unit tests for {@link VpnProfile}. */
-@SmallTest
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-public class VpnProfileTest {
-    private static final String DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY = "Test";
-
-    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE = 23;
-    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS = 24;
-    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE = 25;
-    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_REQUIRE_PLATFORM_VALIDATION = 26;
-    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_IKE_TUN_CONN_PARAMS = 27;
-    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_AUTOMATIC_NATT_KEEPALIVE_TIMER_ENABLED = 28;
-    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_AUTOMATIC_IP_VERSION_SELECTION_ENABLED = 29;
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDefaults() throws Exception {
-        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
-
-        assertEquals(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, p.key);
-        assertEquals("", p.name);
-        assertEquals(VpnProfile.TYPE_PPTP, p.type);
-        assertEquals("", p.server);
-        assertEquals("", p.username);
-        assertEquals("", p.password);
-        assertEquals("", p.dnsServers);
-        assertEquals("", p.searchDomains);
-        assertEquals("", p.routes);
-        assertTrue(p.mppe);
-        assertEquals("", p.l2tpSecret);
-        assertEquals("", p.ipsecIdentifier);
-        assertEquals("", p.ipsecSecret);
-        assertEquals("", p.ipsecUserCert);
-        assertEquals("", p.ipsecCaCert);
-        assertEquals("", p.ipsecServerCert);
-        assertEquals(null, p.proxy);
-        assertTrue(p.getAllowedAlgorithms() != null && p.getAllowedAlgorithms().isEmpty());
-        assertFalse(p.isBypassable);
-        assertFalse(p.isMetered);
-        assertEquals(1360, p.maxMtu);
-        assertFalse(p.areAuthParamsInline);
-        assertFalse(p.isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
-        assertFalse(p.excludeLocalRoutes);
-        assertFalse(p.requiresInternetValidation);
-        assertFalse(p.automaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled);
-        assertFalse(p.automaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled);
-    }
-
-    private VpnProfile getSampleIkev2Profile(String key) {
-        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(key, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */,
-                false /* excludesLocalRoutes */, true /* requiresPlatformValidation */,
-                null /* ikeTunConnParams */, true /* mAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                true /* automaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */);
-
-        p.name = "foo";
-        p.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_USER_PASS;
-        p.server = "bar";
-        p.username = "baz";
-        p.password = "qux";
-        p.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
-        p.searchDomains = "";
-        p.routes = "0.0.0.0/0";
-        p.mppe = false;
-        p.l2tpSecret = "";
-        p.ipsecIdentifier = "quux";
-        p.ipsecSecret = "quuz";
-        p.ipsecUserCert = "corge";
-        p.ipsecCaCert = "grault";
-        p.ipsecServerCert = "garply";
-        p.proxy = null;
-        p.setAllowedAlgorithms(
-                Arrays.asList(
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC));
-        p.isBypassable = true;
-        p.isMetered = true;
-        p.maxMtu = 1350;
-        p.areAuthParamsInline = true;
-
-        // Not saved, but also not compared.
-        p.saveLogin = true;
-
-        return p;
-    }
-
-    private VpnProfile getSampleIkev2ProfileWithIkeTunConnParams(String key) {
-        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(key, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */,
-                false /* excludesLocalRoutes */, true /* requiresPlatformValidation */,
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS_V4, CHILD_PARAMS),
-                true /* mAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                true /* automaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */);
-
-        p.name = "foo";
-        p.server = "bar";
-        p.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
-        p.searchDomains = "";
-        p.routes = "0.0.0.0/0";
-        p.mppe = false;
-        p.proxy = null;
-        p.setAllowedAlgorithms(
-                Arrays.asList(
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
-                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC));
-        p.isBypassable = true;
-        p.isMetered = true;
-        p.maxMtu = 1350;
-        p.areAuthParamsInline = true;
-
-        // Not saved, but also not compared.
-        p.saveLogin = true;
-
-        return p;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEquals() {
-        assertEquals(
-                getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY));
-
-        final VpnProfile modified = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
-        modified.maxMtu--;
-        assertNotEquals(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), modified);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testParcelUnparcel() {
-        if (isAtLeastU()) {
-            // automaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled, automaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled added in U.
-            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 28);
-            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2ProfileWithIkeTunConnParams(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 28);
-        } else if (isAtLeastT()) {
-            // excludeLocalRoutes, requiresPlatformValidation were added in T.
-            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 26);
-            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2ProfileWithIkeTunConnParams(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 26);
-        } else {
-            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 23);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeWithIkeTunConnParams() {
-        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2ProfileWithIkeTunConnParams(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, profile.encode());
-        assertEquals(profile, decoded);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecode() {
-        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, profile.encode());
-        assertEquals(profile, decoded);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeTooManyValues() {
-        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
-        final byte[] tooManyValues =
-                (new String(profile.encode()) + VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER + "invalid").getBytes();
-
-        assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooManyValues));
-    }
-
-    private String getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(int... missingIndices) {
-        // Sort to ensure when we remove, we can do it from greatest first.
-        Arrays.sort(missingIndices);
-
-        final String encoded = new String(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY).encode());
-        final List<String> parts =
-                new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(encoded.split(VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER)));
-
-        // Remove from back first to ensure indexing is consistent.
-        for (int i = missingIndices.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            parts.remove(missingIndices[i]);
-        }
-
-        return String.join(VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER, parts.toArray(new String[0]));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeInvalidNumberOfValues() {
-        final String tooFewValues =
-                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE,
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS,
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE,
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_REQUIRE_PLATFORM_VALIDATION,
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_IKE_TUN_CONN_PARAMS,
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_AUTOMATIC_NATT_KEEPALIVE_TIMER_ENABLED,
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_AUTOMATIC_IP_VERSION_SELECTION_ENABLED
-                        /* missingIndices */);
-
-        assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes()));
-    }
-
-    private String getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileWithtooFewValues() {
-        return getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
-                ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS,
-                ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE,
-                ENCODED_INDEX_REQUIRE_PLATFORM_VALIDATION,
-                ENCODED_INDEX_IKE_TUN_CONN_PARAMS,
-                ENCODED_INDEX_AUTOMATIC_NATT_KEEPALIVE_TIMER_ENABLED,
-                ENCODED_INDEX_AUTOMATIC_IP_VERSION_SELECTION_ENABLED /* missingIndices */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingIsRestrictedToTestNetworks() {
-        final String tooFewValues = getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileWithtooFewValues();
-
-        // Verify decoding without isRestrictedToTestNetworks defaults to false
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
-        assertFalse(decoded.isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingExcludeLocalRoutes() {
-        final String tooFewValues = getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileWithtooFewValues();
-
-        // Verify decoding without excludeLocalRoutes defaults to false
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
-        assertFalse(decoded.excludeLocalRoutes);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingRequiresValidation() {
-        final String tooFewValues = getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileWithtooFewValues();
-
-        // Verify decoding without requiresValidation defaults to false
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
-        assertFalse(decoded.requiresInternetValidation);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled() {
-        final String tooFewValues = getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileWithtooFewValues();
-
-        // Verify decoding without automaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled defaults to false
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
-        assertFalse(decoded.automaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled() {
-        final String tooFewValues = getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileWithtooFewValues();
-
-        // Verify decoding without automaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled defaults to false
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
-        assertFalse(decoded.automaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEncodeDecodeLoginsNotSaved() {
-        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
-        profile.saveLogin = false;
-
-        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, profile.encode());
-        assertNotEquals(profile, decoded);
-
-        // Add the username/password back, everything else must be equal.
-        decoded.username = profile.username;
-        decoded.password = profile.password;
-        assertEquals(profile, decoded);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt
index 3043d50..8a9286f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.android.metrics
 
+import android.net.ConnectivityThread
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
@@ -15,12 +16,20 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST
 import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_EXITING
 import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.Process
+import android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID
 import android.stats.connectivity.MeteredState
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType.RT_APP
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType.RT_SYSTEM
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType.RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP
 import android.stats.connectivity.ValidatedState
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils
@@ -30,11 +39,13 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_UNMETERED
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import org.junit.Test
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
 private fun <T> Handler.onHandler(f: () -> T): T {
     val future = CompletableFuture<T>()
@@ -79,14 +90,17 @@
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest : CSTest() {
     @Test
-    fun testSampleConnectivityState() {
+    fun testSampleConnectivityState_Network() {
         val wifi1Caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
                 .build()
-        val wifi1Score = NetworkScore.Builder().setExiting(true).build()
+        val wifi1Score = NetworkScore.Builder()
+                .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST)
+                .setExiting(true)
+                .build()
         val agentWifi1 = Agent(nc = wifi1Caps, score = FromS(wifi1Score)).also { it.connect() }
 
         val wifi2Caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
@@ -96,7 +110,10 @@
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
                 .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3)
                 .build()
-        val wifi2Score = NetworkScore.Builder().setTransportPrimary(true).build()
+        val wifi2Score = NetworkScore.Builder()
+                .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST)
+                .setTransportPrimary(true)
+                .build()
         val agentWifi2 = Agent(nc = wifi2Caps, score = FromS(wifi2Score)).also { it.connect() }
 
         val cellCaps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
@@ -107,7 +124,9 @@
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
                 .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
                 .build()
-        val cellScore = NetworkScore.Builder().build()
+        val cellScore = NetworkScore.Builder()
+                .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST)
+                .build()
         val agentCell = Agent(nc = cellCaps, score = FromS(cellScore)).also { it.connect() }
 
         val stats = csHandler.onHandler { service.sampleConnectivityState() }
@@ -170,4 +189,61 @@
                         "expected ${expectedWifi2Policies.toPolicyString()}, " +
                         "found ${foundWifi2.scorePolicies.toPolicyString()}")
     }
+
+    private fun fileNetworkRequest(requestType: RequestType, requestCount: Int, uid: Int? = null) {
+        if (uid != null) {
+            deps.setCallingUid(uid)
+        }
+        try {
+            repeat(requestCount) {
+                when (requestType) {
+                    RT_APP, RT_SYSTEM -> cm.requestNetwork(
+                            NetworkRequest.Builder().build(),
+                            TestableNetworkCallback()
+                    )
+
+                    RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP -> cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
+                            Process.myUid(),
+                            TestableNetworkCallback(),
+                            Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()))
+
+                    else -> fail("invalid requestType: " + requestType)
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            deps.unmockCallingUid()
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSampleConnectivityState_NetworkRequest() {
+        val requestCount = 5
+        fileNetworkRequest(RT_APP, requestCount);
+        fileNetworkRequest(RT_SYSTEM, requestCount, SYSTEM_UID);
+        fileNetworkRequest(RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP, requestCount, SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        val stats = csHandler.onHandler { service.sampleConnectivityState() }
+
+        assertEquals(3, stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.size)
+        val appRequest = stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.find {
+            it.requestType == RT_APP
+        } ?: fail("Can't find RT_APP request")
+        val systemRequest = stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.find {
+            it.requestType == RT_SYSTEM
+        } ?: fail("Can't find RT_SYSTEM request")
+        val systemOnBehalfOfAppRequest = stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.find {
+            it.requestType == RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP
+        } ?: fail("Can't find RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP request")
+
+        // Verify request count is equal or larger than the number of request this test filed
+        // since ConnectivityService internally files network requests
+        assertTrue("Unexpected RT_APP count, expected >= $requestCount, " +
+                "found ${appRequest.requestCount}", appRequest.requestCount >= requestCount)
+        assertTrue("Unexpected RT_SYSTEM count, expected >= $requestCount, " +
+                "found ${systemRequest.requestCount}", systemRequest.requestCount >= requestCount)
+        assertTrue("Unexpected RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP count, expected >= $requestCount, " +
+                "found ${systemOnBehalfOfAppRequest.requestCount}",
+                systemOnBehalfOfAppRequest.requestCount >= requestCount)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
index 3f6e88d..10ba6a4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
@@ -163,7 +163,8 @@
         val sentQueryCount = 150
         val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(clientId, deps)
         metrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStop(true /* isLegacy */, transactionId, durationMs,
-                foundCallbackCount, lostCallbackCount, servicesCount, sentQueryCount)
+                foundCallbackCount, lostCallbackCount, servicesCount, sentQueryCount,
+                true /* isServiceFromCache */)
 
         val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
         verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@
             assertEquals(servicesCount, it.foundServiceCount)
             assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
             assertEquals(sentQueryCount, it.sentQueryCount)
+            assertTrue(it.isKnownService)
         }
     }
 
@@ -231,8 +233,10 @@
         val clientId = 99
         val transactionId = 100
         val durationMs = 10L
+        val sentQueryCount = 10
         val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(clientId, deps)
-        metrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(true /* isLegacy */, transactionId, durationMs)
+        metrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(
+                true /* isLegacy */, transactionId, durationMs, sentQueryCount)
 
         val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
         verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
@@ -243,6 +247,7 @@
             assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE, it.type)
             assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_STOP, it.queryResult)
             assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+            assertEquals(sentQueryCount, it.sentQueryCount)
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index ea905d5..cbc060a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server;
 
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.BACKGROUND_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_DISABLED;
@@ -31,13 +32,25 @@
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_1_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_2_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_3_MATCH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.POWERSAVE_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.RESTRICTED_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.STANDBY_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -334,146 +347,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match & ~PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNaughtyApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH with other matches
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH with IIF_MATCH
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH is not enabled
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNaughtyAppMissingUid() {
-        // UidOwnerMap does not have entry for TEST_UID
-        assertThrows(ServiceSpecificException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNaughtyAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestAddNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        if (match != NO_MATCH) {
-            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-        }
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match | PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNaughtyApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, NO_MATCH);
-
-        // Other matches are enabled
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-
-        // IIF_MATCH is enabled
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH is already enabled
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNaughtyAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestRemoveNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match & ~HAPPY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNiceApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(NO_IIF, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH with other matches
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(NO_IIF, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH with IIF_MATCH
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH is not enabled
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNiceAppMissingUid() {
-        // UidOwnerMap does not have entry for TEST_UID
-        assertThrows(ServiceSpecificException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNiceAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestAddNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        if (match != NO_MATCH) {
-            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-        }
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNiceApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestAddNiceApp(NO_IIF, NO_MATCH);
-
-        // Other matches are enabled
-        doTestAddNiceApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-
-        // IIF_MATCH is enabled
-        doTestAddNiceApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH is already enabled
-        doTestAddNiceApp(NO_IIF, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNiceAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
     private void doTestUpdateUidLockdownRule(final int iif, final long match, final boolean add)
             throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
@@ -658,6 +531,9 @@
         doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1);
         doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2);
         doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3);
+        doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW);
+        doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER);
+        doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -972,6 +848,21 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testGetNetPermFoUid() throws Exception {
+        mUidPermissionMap.deleteEntry(new S32(TEST_UID));
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_INTERNET, mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(TEST_UID));
+
+        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new U8((short) PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(TEST_UID));
+
+        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID),
+                new U8((short) (PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)));
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testSwapActiveStatsMap() throws Exception {
         mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(
@@ -1079,7 +970,7 @@
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testDumpUidOwnerMap() throws Exception {
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH");
-        doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_MATCH");
+        doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(DOZABLE_MATCH, "DOZABLE_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(STANDBY_MATCH, "STANDBY_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(POWERSAVE_MATCH, "POWERSAVE_MATCH");
@@ -1089,6 +980,7 @@
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(OEM_DENY_1_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_1_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(OEM_DENY_2_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_2_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(OEM_DENY_3_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_3_MATCH");
+        doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH");
 
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH,
                 "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH POWERSAVE_MATCH");
@@ -1137,7 +1029,6 @@
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testDumpUidOwnerMapConfig() throws Exception {
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH");
-        doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_MATCH");
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(DOZABLE_MATCH, "DOZABLE_MATCH");
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(STANDBY_MATCH, "STANDBY_MATCH");
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(POWERSAVE_MATCH, "POWERSAVE_MATCH");
@@ -1283,4 +1174,138 @@
         assertDumpContains(dump, TEST_V6_ADDRESS.getHostAddress());
         assertDumpContains(dump, TEST_IF_INDEX + "(" + TEST_IF_NAME + ")");
     }
+
+    private void doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+            final long configurationMatches,
+            final long uidRules,
+            final short dataSaverStatus,
+            final int expectedBlockedReasons
+    ) throws Exception {
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(configurationMatches));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, uidRules));
+        mDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, new U8(dataSaverStatus));
+
+        assertEquals(expectedBlockedReasons, mBpfNetMaps.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons() throws Exception {
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER | BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                OEM_DENY_1_MATCH | OEM_DENY_2_MATCH | OEM_DENY_3_MATCH,
+                OEM_DENY_1_MATCH | OEM_DENY_3_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH,
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | BACKGROUND_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        );
+
+        // Note that HAPPY_BOX and PENALTY_BOX are not disabled by configuration map
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED | BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED | BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                STANDBY_MATCH,
+                STANDBY_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY | BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+            final long enabledMatches,
+            final long uidRules,
+            final short dataSaver,
+            final boolean expectedRestricted
+    ) throws Exception {
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(enabledMatches));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, uidRules));
+        mDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, new U8(dataSaver));
+
+        assertEquals(expectedRestricted, mBpfNetMaps.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() throws Exception {
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                false /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH ,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                false /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                false /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index aae37e5..44a8222 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.STATUS_BAR_SERVICE;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.UidFrozenStateChangedCallback.UID_FROZEN_STATE_FROZEN;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.UidFrozenStateChangedCallback.UID_FROZEN_STATE_UNFROZEN;
 import static android.app.PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_DEVICE_TYPE;
@@ -59,8 +61,12 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_REALTIME_NS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -77,12 +83,12 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_FALLBACK;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
@@ -147,15 +153,19 @@
 import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED;
 import static android.net.Proxy.PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.PREFIX_OPERATION_REMOVED;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+import static android.telephony.DataConnectionRealTimeInfo.DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH;
+import static android.telephony.DataConnectionRealTimeInfo.DC_POWER_STATE_LOW;
 
-import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.DELAY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.ALLOW_SATALLITE_NETWORK_FALLBACK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.ALLOW_SYSUI_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTS;
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION;
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID;
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED;
@@ -167,6 +177,9 @@
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.transportToLegacyType;
 import static com.android.server.NetworkAgentWrapper.CallbackType.OnQosCallbackRegister;
 import static com.android.server.NetworkAgentWrapper.CallbackType.OnQosCallbackUnregister;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING;
 import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
 import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.await;
 import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.durationOf;
@@ -362,7 +375,6 @@
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.provider.Settings;
-import android.security.Credentials;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
@@ -383,10 +395,10 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats;
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
 import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
@@ -415,9 +427,9 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.QosCallbackTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.SatelliteAccessController;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.TcpKeepaliveController;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.UidRangeUtils;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkPinner;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
@@ -451,13 +463,13 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.Socket;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -480,6 +492,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
@@ -497,6 +510,7 @@
 // to enable faster testing of smaller groups of functionality.
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class ConnectivityServiceTest {
     private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityServiceTest";
@@ -517,7 +531,7 @@
     // between a LOST callback that arrives immediately and a LOST callback that arrives after
     // the linger/nascent timeout. For this, our assertions should run fast enough to leave
     // less than (mService.mLingerDelayMs - TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS) between the time callbacks are
-    // supposedly fired, and the time we call expectCallback.
+    // supposedly fired, and the time we call expectCapChanged.
     private static final int TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 250;
     // Chosen to be less than TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS. This ensures that requests have time to
     // complete before callbacks are verified.
@@ -556,6 +570,7 @@
     private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID2 = 321;
     private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID3 = 456;
     private static final int NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID = -1;
+    private static final int TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID = 1;
 
     private static final int PACKET_WAKEUP_MARK_MASK = 0x80000000;
 
@@ -584,6 +599,7 @@
     private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mWiFiAgent;
     private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mCellAgent;
     private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mEthernetAgent;
+    private final List<TestNetworkAgentWrapper> mCreatedAgents = new ArrayList<>();
     private MockVpn mMockVpn;
     private Context mContext;
     private NetworkPolicyCallback mPolicyCallback;
@@ -620,7 +636,6 @@
     @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
     @Mock EthernetManager mEthernetManager;
     @Mock NetworkPolicyManager mNetworkPolicyManager;
-    @Mock VpnProfileStore mVpnProfileStore;
     @Mock SystemConfigManager mSystemConfigManager;
     @Mock DevicePolicyManager mDevicePolicyManager;
     @Mock Resources mResources;
@@ -634,11 +649,12 @@
     @Mock DestroySocketsWrapper mDestroySocketsWrapper;
     @Mock SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
     @Mock KeepaliveTracker.Dependencies mMockKeepaliveTrackerDependencies;
+    @Mock SatelliteAccessController mSatelliteAccessController;
 
     // BatteryStatsManager is final and cannot be mocked with regular mockito, so just mock the
     // underlying binder calls.
-    final BatteryStatsManager mBatteryStatsManager =
-            new BatteryStatsManager(mock(IBatteryStats.class));
+    final IBatteryStats mIBatteryStats = mock(IBatteryStats.class);
+    final BatteryStatsManager mBatteryStatsManager = new BatteryStatsManager(mIBatteryStats);
 
     private ArgumentCaptor<ResolverParamsParcel> mResolverParamsParcelCaptor =
             ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ResolverParamsParcel.class);
@@ -790,8 +806,10 @@
             // This relies on all contexts for a given user returning the same UM mock
             final DevicePolicyManager dpmMock = createContextAsUser(userHandle, 0 /* flags */)
                     .getSystemService(DevicePolicyManager.class);
-            doReturn(value).when(dpmMock).getDeviceOwner();
-            doReturn(value).when(mDevicePolicyManager).getDeviceOwner();
+            ComponentName componentName = value == null
+                    ? null : new ComponentName(value, "deviceOwnerClass");
+            doReturn(componentName).when(dpmMock).getDeviceOwnerComponentOnAnyUser();
+            doReturn(componentName).when(mDevicePolicyManager).getDeviceOwnerComponentOnAnyUser();
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -1087,6 +1105,7 @@
                 NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate, NetworkProvider provider,
                 NetworkAgentWrapper.Callbacks callbacks) throws Exception {
             super(transport, linkProperties, ncTemplate, provider, callbacks, mServiceContext);
+            mCreatedAgents.add(this);
 
             // Waits for the NetworkAgent to be registered, which includes the creation of the
             // NetworkMonitor.
@@ -1654,24 +1673,11 @@
             waitForIdle();
         }
 
-        public void startLegacyVpnPrivileged(VpnProfile profile,
-                @Nullable Network underlying, @NonNull LinkProperties egress) {
-            switch (profile.type) {
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_RSA:
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_USER_PASS:
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_PSK:
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_FROM_IKE_TUN_CONN_PARAMS:
-                    startPlatformVpn();
-                    break;
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK:
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_RSA:
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_IPSEC_XAUTH_PSK:
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_IPSEC_XAUTH_RSA:
-                case VpnProfile.TYPE_IPSEC_HYBRID_RSA:
-                    startLegacyVpn();
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    fail("Unknown VPN profile type");
+        public void startLegacyVpnPrivileged(boolean isIkev2Vpn) {
+            if (isIkev2Vpn) {
+                startPlatformVpn();
+            } else {
+                startLegacyVpn();
             }
         }
 
@@ -1724,6 +1730,8 @@
     private void mockUidNetworkingBlocked() {
         doAnswer(i -> isUidBlocked(mBlockedReasons, i.getArgument(1))
         ).when(mNetworkPolicyManager).isUidNetworkingBlocked(anyInt(), anyBoolean());
+        doAnswer(i -> isUidBlocked(mBlockedReasons, i.getArgument(1))
+        ).when(mBpfNetMaps).isUidNetworkingBlocked(anyInt(), anyBoolean());
     }
 
     private boolean isUidBlocked(int blockedReasons, boolean meteredNetwork) {
@@ -1739,7 +1747,15 @@
 
     private void setBlockedReasonChanged(int blockedReasons) {
         mBlockedReasons = blockedReasons;
-        mPolicyCallback.onUidBlockedReasonChanged(Process.myUid(), blockedReasons);
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandlerThread.getThreadHandler(),
+                    () -> mService.handleBlockedReasonsChanged(
+                            List.of(new Pair<>(Process.myUid(), blockedReasons))
+
+                    ));
+        } else {
+            mPolicyCallback.onUidBlockedReasonChanged(Process.myUid(), blockedReasons);
+        }
     }
 
     private Nat464Xlat getNat464Xlat(NetworkAgentWrapper mna) {
@@ -1920,11 +1936,16 @@
         mService.mLingerDelayMs = TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS;
         mService.mNascentDelayMs = TEST_NASCENT_DELAY_MS;
 
-        final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkPolicyCallback> policyCallbackCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkPolicyCallback.class);
-        verify(mNetworkPolicyManager).registerNetworkPolicyCallback(any(),
-                policyCallbackCaptor.capture());
-        mPolicyCallback = policyCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            verify(mNetworkPolicyManager, never()).registerNetworkPolicyCallback(any(), any());
+            mPolicyCallback = null;
+        } else {
+            final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkPolicyCallback> policyCallbackCaptor =
+                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkPolicyCallback.class);
+            verify(mNetworkPolicyManager).registerNetworkPolicyCallback(any(),
+                    policyCallbackCaptor.capture());
+            mPolicyCallback = policyCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+        }
 
         // Create local CM before sending system ready so that we can answer
         // getSystemService() correctly.
@@ -1940,6 +1961,10 @@
         setCaptivePortalMode(ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT);
         setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
         setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, "ignored.example.com");
+
+        mDeps.setChangeIdEnabled(
+                true, NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION, Process.myUid());
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_INTERNET).when(mBpfNetMaps).getNetPermForUid(anyInt());
         // Note : Please do not add any new instrumentation here. If you need new instrumentation,
         // please add it in CSTest and use subclasses of CSTest instead of adding more
         // tools in ConnectivityServiceTest.
@@ -1987,7 +2012,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread(@NonNull final String tag) {
             return mCsHandlerThread;
         }
 
@@ -2043,14 +2068,28 @@
             };
         }
 
+        private BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> mCarrierPrivilegesLostListener;
+
         @Override
         public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
                 @NonNull final Context context,
-                @NonNull final TelephonyManager tm) {
+                @NonNull final TelephonyManager tm,
+                final boolean requestRestrictedWifiEnabled,
+                BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> listener,
+                @NonNull final Handler handler) {
+            mCarrierPrivilegesLostListener = listener;
             return mDeps.isAtLeastT() ? mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator : null;
         }
 
         @Override
+        public SatelliteAccessController makeSatelliteAccessController(
+                @NonNull final Context context,
+                Consumer<Set<Integer>> updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCallback,
+                @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceInternalHandler) {
+            return mSatelliteAccessController;
+        }
+
+        @Override
         public boolean intentFilterEquals(final PendingIntent a, final PendingIntent b) {
             return runAsShell(GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT, () -> a.intentFilterEquals(b));
         }
@@ -2140,15 +2179,33 @@
                 case ConnectivityFlags.NO_REMATCH_ALL_REQUESTS_ON_REGISTER:
                 case ConnectivityFlags.CARRIER_SERVICE_CHANGED_USE_CALLBACK:
                     return true;
-                case KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION:
+                case ConnectivityFlags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI:
                     return true;
-                case DELAY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION:
+                case KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION:
                     return true;
                 default:
                     return super.isFeatureEnabled(context, name);
             }
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public boolean isFeatureNotChickenedOut(Context context, String name) {
+            switch (name) {
+                case ALLOW_SYSUI_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTS:
+                    return true;
+                case ALLOW_SATALLITE_NETWORK_FALLBACK:
+                    return true;
+                case INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING:
+                    return true;
+                case BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN:
+                    return true;
+                case DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS:
+                    return true;
+                default:
+                    return super.isFeatureNotChickenedOut(context, name);
+            }
+        }
+
         public void setChangeIdEnabled(final boolean enabled, final long changeId, final int uid) {
             final Pair<Long, Integer> data = new Pair<>(changeId, uid);
             // mEnabledChangeIds is read on the handler thread and maybe the test thread, so
@@ -2388,6 +2445,11 @@
         FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
         ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null);
 
+        for (TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent : mCreatedAgents) {
+            agent.destroy();
+        }
+        mCreatedAgents.clear();
+
         mCsHandlerThread.quitSafely();
         mCsHandlerThread.join();
         mAlarmManagerThread.quitSafely();
@@ -7479,13 +7541,13 @@
     @Test
     public void testNetworkCallbackMaximum() throws Exception {
         final int MAX_REQUESTS = 100;
-        final int CALLBACKS = 87;
+        final int CALLBACKS = 88;
         final int DIFF_INTENTS = 10;
         final int SAME_INTENTS = 10;
         final int SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS = 250;
-        // Assert 1 (Default request filed before testing) + CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS +
-        // 1 (same intent) = MAX_REQUESTS - 1, since the capacity is MAX_REQUEST - 1.
-        assertEquals(MAX_REQUESTS - 1, 1 + CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS + 1);
+        // CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS + 1 (same intent)
+        // = MAX_REQUESTS - 1, since the capacity is MAX_REQUEST - 1.
+        assertEquals(MAX_REQUESTS - 1, CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS + 1);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
         ArrayList<Object> registered = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -9819,6 +9881,28 @@
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellAgent);
 
+        // Remove PERMISSION_INTERNET and disable NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION
+        doReturn(INetd.PERMISSION_NONE).when(mBpfNetMaps).getNetPermForUid(Process.myUid());
+        mDeps.setChangeIdEnabled(false,
+                NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION, Process.myUid());
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE);
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            // On V+, network access from app that does not have INTERNET permission is considered
+            // not blocked if NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION is disabled.
+            // So blocked status does not change from BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+            cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+            detailedCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        } else {
+            // On U-, onBlockedStatusChanged callback is called with blocked reasons CS receives
+            // from NPMS callback regardless of permission app has.
+            // Note that this cannot actually happen because on U-, NPMS will never notify any
+            // blocked reasons for apps that don't have the INTERNET permission.
+            cellNetworkCallback.expect(BLOCKED_STATUS, mCellAgent, cb -> cb.getBlocked());
+            detailedCallback.expect(BLOCKED_STATUS_INT, mCellAgent,
+                    cb -> cb.getReason() == BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE);
+        }
+
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
     }
 
@@ -10170,24 +10254,6 @@
         doAsUid(Process.SYSTEM_UID, () -> mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(perUidCb));
     }
 
-    private VpnProfile setupLockdownVpn(int profileType) {
-        final String profileName = "testVpnProfile";
-        final byte[] profileTag = profileName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        doReturn(profileTag).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.LOCKDOWN_VPN);
-
-        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile(profileName);
-        profile.name = "My VPN";
-        profile.server = "192.0.2.1";
-        profile.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
-        profile.ipsecIdentifier = "My ipsecIdentifier";
-        profile.ipsecSecret = "My PSK";
-        profile.type = profileType;
-        final byte[] encodedProfile = profile.encode();
-        doReturn(encodedProfile).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.VPN + profileName);
-
-        return profile;
-    }
-
     private void establishLegacyLockdownVpn(Network underlying) throws Exception {
         // The legacy lockdown VPN only supports userId 0, and must have an underlying network.
         assertNotNull(underlying);
@@ -10199,7 +10265,7 @@
         mMockVpn.connect(true);
     }
 
-    private void doTestLockdownVpn(VpnProfile profile, boolean expectSetVpnDefaultForUids)
+    private void doTestLockdownVpn(boolean isIkev2Vpn)
             throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
@@ -10237,8 +10303,8 @@
         b.expectBroadcast();
         // Simulate LockdownVpnTracker attempting to start the VPN since it received the
         // systemDefault callback.
-        mMockVpn.startLegacyVpnPrivileged(profile, mCellAgent.getNetwork(), cellLp);
-        if (expectSetVpnDefaultForUids) {
+        mMockVpn.startLegacyVpnPrivileged(isIkev2Vpn);
+        if (isIkev2Vpn) {
             // setVpnDefaultForUids() releases the original network request and creates a VPN
             // request so LOST callback is received.
             defaultCallback.expect(LOST, mCellAgent);
@@ -10262,7 +10328,7 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities vpnNc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
         b2.expectBroadcast();
         b3.expectBroadcast();
-        if (expectSetVpnDefaultForUids) {
+        if (isIkev2Vpn) {
             // Due to the VPN default request, getActiveNetworkInfo() gets the VPN network as the
             // network satisfier which has TYPE_VPN.
             assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -10308,14 +10374,15 @@
         // callback with different network.
         final ExpectedBroadcast b6 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
         mMockVpn.stopVpnRunnerPrivileged();
-        mMockVpn.startLegacyVpnPrivileged(profile, mWiFiAgent.getNetwork(), wifiLp);
+
+        mMockVpn.startLegacyVpnPrivileged(isIkev2Vpn);
         // VPN network is disconnected (to restart)
         callback.expect(LOST, mMockVpn);
         defaultCallback.expect(LOST, mMockVpn);
         // The network preference is cleared when VPN is disconnected so it receives callbacks for
         // the system-wide default.
         defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mWiFiAgent);
-        if (expectSetVpnDefaultForUids) {
+        if (isIkev2Vpn) {
             // setVpnDefaultForUids() releases the original network request and creates a VPN
             // request so LOST callback is received.
             defaultCallback.expect(LOST, mWiFiAgent);
@@ -10324,7 +10391,7 @@
         b6.expectBroadcast();
 
         // While the VPN is reconnecting on the new network, everything is blocked.
-        if (expectSetVpnDefaultForUids) {
+        if (isIkev2Vpn) {
             // Due to the VPN default request, getActiveNetworkInfo() gets the mNoServiceNetwork
             // as the network satisfier.
             assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo());
@@ -10345,7 +10412,7 @@
         systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
         b7.expectBroadcast();
         b8.expectBroadcast();
-        if (expectSetVpnDefaultForUids) {
+        if (isIkev2Vpn) {
             // Due to the VPN default request, getActiveNetworkInfo() gets the VPN network as the
             // network satisfier which has TYPE_VPN.
             assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -10371,7 +10438,7 @@
         defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
         systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
-        if (expectSetVpnDefaultForUids) {
+        if (isIkev2Vpn) {
             // Due to the VPN default request, getActiveNetworkInfo() gets the VPN network as the
             // network satisfier which has TYPE_VPN.
             assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -10412,14 +10479,12 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownVpn_LegacyVpnRunner() throws Exception {
-        final VpnProfile profile = setupLockdownVpn(VpnProfile.TYPE_IPSEC_XAUTH_PSK);
-        doTestLockdownVpn(profile, false /* expectSetVpnDefaultForUids */);
+        doTestLockdownVpn(false /* isIkev2Vpn */);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownVpn_Ikev2VpnRunner() throws Exception {
-        final VpnProfile profile = setupLockdownVpn(VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_PSK);
-        doTestLockdownVpn(profile, true /* expectSetVpnDefaultForUids */);
+        doTestLockdownVpn(true /* isIkev2Vpn */);
     }
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
@@ -10475,14 +10540,21 @@
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            // FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND is only available on V+.
+            doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+        }
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
+        doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+        doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
+        doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
     }
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
     public void testSetFirewallChainEnabled() throws Exception {
-        final List<Integer> firewallChains = Arrays.asList(
+        final List<Integer> firewallChains = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE,
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY,
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE,
@@ -10490,7 +10562,11 @@
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY,
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1,
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2,
-                FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3);
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3));
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            // FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND is only available on V+.
+            firewallChains.add(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND);
+        }
         for (final int chain: firewallChains) {
             mCm.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, true /* enabled */);
             verify(mBpfNetMaps).setChildChain(chain, true /* enable */);
@@ -10537,6 +10613,10 @@
         doTestSetFirewallChainEnabledCloseSocket(FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE, allowlist);
         doTestSetFirewallChainEnabledCloseSocket(FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED, allowlist);
         doTestSetFirewallChainEnabledCloseSocket(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY, allowlist);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            // FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND is only available on V+.
+            doTestSetFirewallChainEnabledCloseSocket(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, allowlist);
+        }
 
         doTestSetFirewallChainEnabledCloseSocket(FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY, denylist);
         doTestSetFirewallChainEnabledCloseSocket(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1, denylist);
@@ -10558,6 +10638,10 @@
         doTestReplaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE);
         doTestReplaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED);
         doTestReplaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            // FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND is only available on V+.
+            doTestReplaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND);
+        }
         doTestReplaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1);
         doTestReplaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2);
         doTestReplaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3);
@@ -10790,6 +10874,11 @@
         expectNativeNetworkCreated(netId, permission, iface, null /* inOrder */);
     }
 
+    private int getIdleTimerLabel(int netId, int transportType) {
+        return ConnectivityService.LegacyNetworkActivityTracker.getIdleTimerLabel(
+                mDeps.isAtLeastV(), netId, transportType);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testStackedLinkProperties() throws Exception {
         final LinkAddress myIpv4 = new LinkAddress("1.2.3.4/24");
@@ -11031,7 +11120,7 @@
         networkCallback.expect(LOST, mCellAgent);
         networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+                eq(Integer.toString(getIdleTimerLabel(cellNetId, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))));
         verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
         if (mDeps.isAtLeastU()) {
             verify(mMockNetd).setNetworkAllowlist(any());
@@ -11090,7 +11179,7 @@
         }
 
         verify(mMockNetd).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+                eq(Integer.toString(getIdleTimerLabel(cellNetId, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))));
         verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
         if (mDeps.isAtLeastU()) {
             verify(mMockNetd).setNetworkAllowlist(any());
@@ -11345,8 +11434,21 @@
         final ConditionVariable onNetworkActiveCv = new ConditionVariable();
         final ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener listener = onNetworkActiveCv::open;
 
+        TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
         testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
             agent.connect(true);
+            defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent);
+            if (transportType == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) {
+                verify(mIBatteryStats).noteMobileRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH),
+                        anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID));
+            } else if (transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+                verify(mIBatteryStats).noteWifiRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH),
+                        anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID));
+            }
+            clearInvocations(mIBatteryStats);
+            final int idleTimerLabel = getIdleTimerLabel(agent.getNetwork().netId, transportType);
 
             // Network is considered active when the network becomes the default network.
             assertTrue(mCm.isDefaultNetworkActive());
@@ -11355,19 +11457,57 @@
 
             // Interface goes to inactive state
             netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
-                    transportType, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID);
+                    idleTimerLabel, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID);
             mServiceContext.expectDataActivityBroadcast(legacyType, false /* isActive */,
                     TIMESTAMP);
             assertFalse(onNetworkActiveCv.block(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS));
             assertFalse(mCm.isDefaultNetworkActive());
+            if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+                if (transportType == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) {
+                    verify(mIBatteryStats).noteMobileRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_LOW),
+                            anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID));
+                } else if (transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+                    verify(mIBatteryStats).noteWifiRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_LOW),
+                            anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID));
+                }
+            } else {
+                // If TrackMultiNetworks is disabled, LegacyNetworkActivityTracker does not call
+                // BatteryStats API by the netd activity change callback since BatteryStatsService
+                // listen to netd callback via NetworkManagementService and update battery stats by
+                // itself.
+                verify(mIBatteryStats, never())
+                        .noteMobileRadioPowerState(anyInt(), anyLong(), anyInt());
+                verify(mIBatteryStats, never())
+                        .noteWifiRadioPowerState(anyInt(), anyLong(), anyInt());
+            }
 
             // Interface goes to active state
             netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(true /* isActive */,
-                    transportType, TIMESTAMP, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+                    idleTimerLabel, TIMESTAMP, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
             mServiceContext.expectDataActivityBroadcast(legacyType, true /* isActive */, TIMESTAMP);
             assertTrue(onNetworkActiveCv.block(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS));
             assertTrue(mCm.isDefaultNetworkActive());
+            if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+                if (transportType == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) {
+                    verify(mIBatteryStats).noteMobileRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH),
+                            anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+                } else if (transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+                    verify(mIBatteryStats).noteWifiRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH),
+                            anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+                }
+            } else {
+                // If TrackMultiNetworks is disabled, LegacyNetworkActivityTracker does not call
+                // BatteryStats API by the netd activity change callback since BatteryStatsService
+                // listen to netd callback via NetworkManagementService and update battery stats by
+                // itself.
+                verify(mIBatteryStats, never())
+                        .noteMobileRadioPowerState(anyInt(), anyLong(), anyInt());
+                verify(mIBatteryStats, never())
+                        .noteWifiRadioPowerState(anyInt(), anyLong(), anyInt());
+            }
         }, () -> { // Cleanup
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+            }, () -> { // Cleanup
                 mCm.removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener);
             }, () -> { // Cleanup
                 agent.disconnect();
@@ -11384,7 +11524,7 @@
         doTestInterfaceClassActivityChanged(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
     }
 
-    private void doTestOnNetworkActive_NewNetworkConnects(int transportType, boolean expectCallback)
+    private void doTestOnNetworkActive_NewNetworkConnects(int transportType, boolean expectCapChanged)
             throws Exception {
         final ConditionVariable onNetworkActiveCv = new ConditionVariable();
         final ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener listener = onNetworkActiveCv::open;
@@ -11396,7 +11536,7 @@
         testAndCleanup(() -> {
             mCm.addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener);
             agent.connect(true);
-            if (expectCallback) {
+            if (expectCapChanged) {
                 assertTrue(onNetworkActiveCv.block(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS));
             } else {
                 assertFalse(onNetworkActiveCv.block(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS));
@@ -11411,16 +11551,17 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testOnNetworkActive_NewCellConnects_CallbackCalled() throws Exception {
-        doTestOnNetworkActive_NewNetworkConnects(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true /* expectCallback */);
+        doTestOnNetworkActive_NewNetworkConnects(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true /* expectCapChanged */);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testOnNetworkActive_NewEthernetConnects_CallbackNotCalled() throws Exception {
-        // LegacyNetworkActivityTracker calls onNetworkActive callback only for networks that
-        // tracker adds the idle timer to. And the tracker does not set the idle timer for the
-        // ethernet network.
+    public void testOnNetworkActive_NewEthernetConnects_Callback() throws Exception {
+        // On pre-V devices, LegacyNetworkActivityTracker calls onNetworkActive callback only for
+        // networks that tracker adds the idle timer to. And the tracker does not set the idle timer
+        // for the ethernet network.
         // So onNetworkActive is not called when the ethernet becomes the default network
-        doTestOnNetworkActive_NewNetworkConnects(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false /* expectCallback */);
+        final boolean expectCapChanged = mDeps.isAtLeastV();
+        doTestOnNetworkActive_NewNetworkConnects(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, expectCapChanged);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -11450,15 +11591,19 @@
         mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback);
 
         mCellAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        final String cellIdleTimerLabel = Integer.toString(getIdleTimerLabel(
+                mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
         final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
         cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         mCellAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         mCellAgent.connect(true);
         networkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellAgent);
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+                eq(cellIdleTimerLabel));
 
         mWiFiAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        String wifiIdleTimerLabel = Integer.toString(getIdleTimerLabel(
+                mWiFiAgent.getNetwork().netId, TRANSPORT_WIFI));
         final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
         wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
         mWiFiAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
@@ -11469,9 +11614,18 @@
         networkCallback.expectLosing(mCellAgent);
         networkCallback.expectCaps(mWiFiAgent, c -> c.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+                eq(wifiIdleTimerLabel));
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            // V+ devices add idleTimer when the network is first connected and remove when the
+            // network is disconnected.
+            verify(mMockNetd, never()).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId)));
+        } else {
+            // pre V devices add idleTimer when the network becomes the default network and remove
+            // when the network becomes no longer the default network.
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        }
 
         // Disconnect wifi and switch back to cell
         reset(mMockNetd);
@@ -11479,13 +11633,20 @@
         networkCallback.expect(LOST, mWiFiAgent);
         assertNoCallbacks(networkCallback);
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+                eq(wifiIdleTimerLabel));
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            verify(mMockNetd, never()).idletimerAddInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId)));
+        } else {
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        }
 
         // reconnect wifi
         reset(mMockNetd);
         mWiFiAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        wifiIdleTimerLabel = Integer.toString(getIdleTimerLabel(
+                mWiFiAgent.getNetwork().netId, TRANSPORT_WIFI));
         wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
         mWiFiAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
         mWiFiAgent.connect(true);
@@ -11493,20 +11654,30 @@
         networkCallback.expectLosing(mCellAgent);
         networkCallback.expectCaps(mWiFiAgent, c -> c.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+                eq(wifiIdleTimerLabel));
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            verify(mMockNetd, never()).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId)));
+        } else {
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        }
 
         // Disconnect cell
         reset(mMockNetd);
         mCellAgent.disconnect();
         networkCallback.expect(LOST, mCellAgent);
-        // LOST callback is triggered earlier than removing idle timer. Broadcast should also be
-        // sent as network being switched. Ensure rule removal for cell will not be triggered
-        // unexpectedly before network being removed.
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(0)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId)));
+        }  else {
+            // LOST callback is triggered earlier than removing idle timer. Broadcast should also be
+            // sent as network being switched. Ensure rule removal for cell will not be triggered
+            // unexpectedly before network being removed.
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(0)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                    eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        }
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkDestroy(eq(mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId));
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).destroyNetworkCache(eq(mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId));
 
@@ -11515,12 +11686,27 @@
         mWiFiAgent.disconnect();
         b.expectBroadcast();
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
-                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
+                eq(wifiIdleTimerLabel));
 
         // Clean up
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testDataActivityTracking_VpnNetwork() throws Exception {
+        mWiFiAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[] { mWiFiAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(VPN_IFNAME);
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(lp);
+
+        // NetworkActivityTracker should not track the VPN network since VPN can change the
+        // underlying network without disconnect.
+        verify(mMockNetd, never()).idletimerAddInterface(eq(VPN_IFNAME), anyInt(), any());
+    }
+
     private void verifyTcpBufferSizeChange(String tcpBufferSizes) throws Exception {
         String[] values = tcpBufferSizes.split(",");
         String rmemValues = String.join(" ", values[0], values[1], values[2]);
@@ -12799,7 +12985,19 @@
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         assertTrue(
                 "NetworkStack permission not applied",
-                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithoutUid,
+                        mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsSysUi() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid = fakeMobileNai(new NetworkCapabilities());
+
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(STATUS_BAR_SERVICE, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        assertTrue(
+                "SysUi permission (STATUS_BAR_SERVICE) not applied",
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                         Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithoutUid,
                         mContext.getOpPackageName()));
     }
@@ -12816,7 +13014,7 @@
 
         assertFalse(
                 "Mismatched uid/package name should not pass the location permission check",
-                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                         Process.myPid() + 1, wrongUid, naiWithUid, mContext.getOpPackageName()));
     }
 
@@ -12827,7 +13025,7 @@
         assertEquals(
                 "Unexpected ConnDiags permission",
                 expectPermission,
-                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                         Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), info, mContext.getOpPackageName()));
     }
 
@@ -12869,7 +13067,7 @@
         waitForIdle();
         assertTrue(
                 "Active VPN permission not applied",
-                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                         Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithoutUid,
                         mContext.getOpPackageName()));
 
@@ -12877,7 +13075,7 @@
         waitForIdle();
         assertFalse(
                 "VPN shouldn't receive callback on non-underlying network",
-                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                         Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithoutUid,
                         mContext.getOpPackageName()));
     }
@@ -12894,7 +13092,7 @@
 
         assertTrue(
                 "NetworkCapabilities administrator uid permission not applied",
-                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                         Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithUid, mContext.getOpPackageName()));
     }
 
@@ -12912,7 +13110,7 @@
         // Use wrong pid and uid
         assertFalse(
                 "Permissions allowed when they shouldn't be granted",
-                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                mService.hasConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
                         Process.myPid() + 1, Process.myUid() + 1, naiWithUid,
                         mContext.getOpPackageName()));
     }
@@ -17180,21 +17378,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testSubIdsClearedWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        nc.setSubscriptionIds(Collections.singleton(Process.myUid()));
-
-        final NetworkCapabilities result =
-                mService.networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
-                        nc, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
-        assertTrue(result.getSubscriptionIds().isEmpty());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSubIdsExistWithNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-
+    public void testSubIdsExist() throws Exception {
         final Set<Integer> subIds = Collections.singleton(Process.myUid());
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
         nc.setSubscriptionIds(subIds);
@@ -17211,9 +17395,16 @@
                 .build();
     }
 
+    private NetworkRequest getRestrictedRequestForWifiWithSubIds() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+            .setSubscriptionIds(Collections.singleton(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID))
+            .build();
+    }
+
     @Test
-    public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+    public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIds() throws Exception {
         final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
                 mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
         final NetworkCallback networkCallback1 = new NetworkCallback();
@@ -17229,18 +17420,183 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testCarrierConfigAppSendNetworkRequestForRestrictedWifi() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        doReturn(true).when(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator)
+                .isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(anyInt(), any());
         final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
                 mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback1 = new NetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback2 = new NetworkCallback();
 
-        final Class<SecurityException> expected = SecurityException.class;
-        assertThrows(
-                expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), new NetworkCallback()));
-        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), pendingIntent));
-        assertThrows(
-                expected,
-                () -> mCm.registerNetworkCallback(getRequestWithSubIds(), new NetworkCallback()));
+        mCm.requestNetwork(
+                getRestrictedRequestForWifiWithSubIds(), networkCallback1);
+        mCm.requestNetwork(
+                getRestrictedRequestForWifiWithSubIds(), pendingIntent);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(
+                getRestrictedRequestForWifiWithSubIds(), networkCallback2);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback1);
+        mCm.releaseNetworkRequest(pendingIntent);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback2);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestNetworkRequestWithCarrierPrivilegesLost(
+            boolean shouldGrantRestrictedNetworkPermission,
+            int lostPrivilegeUid,
+            int lostPrivilegeSubId,
+            boolean expectUnavailable,
+            boolean expectCapChanged) throws Exception {
+        if (shouldGrantRestrictedNetworkPermission) {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        } else {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        }
+
+        NetworkCapabilities filter =
+                getRestrictedRequestForWifiWithSubIds().networkCapabilities;
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("testRestrictedFactoryRequests");
+        handlerThread.start();
+
+        final MockNetworkFactory testFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "testFactory", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        testFactory.register();
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+
+        doReturn(true).when(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator)
+                .isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(eq(Process.myUid()), any());
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest networkrequest =
+                getRestrictedRequestForWifiWithSubIds();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(networkrequest, networkCallback);
+        testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(filter)
+                .setAllowedUids(Set.of(Process.myUid()))
+                .build();
+        mWiFiAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, new LinkProperties(), nc);
+        mWiFiAgent.connect(false);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiAgent);
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = mService.getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(
+                mWiFiAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        doReturn(false).when(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator)
+                .isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(eq(Process.myUid()), any());
+        doReturn(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID).when(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator)
+                .getSubIdFromNetworkCapabilities(any());
+
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandlerThread.getThreadHandler(), () -> {
+            mDeps.mCarrierPrivilegesLostListener.accept(lostPrivilegeUid, lostPrivilegeSubId);
+        });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        if (expectCapChanged) {
+            networkCallback.expect(NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED);
+        }
+        if (expectUnavailable) {
+            networkCallback.expect(UNAVAILABLE);
+        }
+        if (!expectCapChanged && !expectUnavailable) {
+            networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+
+        mWiFiAgent.disconnect();
+
+        if (expectUnavailable) {
+            testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+        } else {
+            testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        }
+
+        handlerThread.quitSafely();
+        handlerThread.join();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testRestrictedRequestRemovedDueToCarrierPrivilegesLost() throws Exception {
+        doTestNetworkRequestWithCarrierPrivilegesLost(
+                false /* shouldGrantRestrictedNetworkPermission */,
+                Process.myUid(),
+                TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
+                true /* expectUnavailable */,
+                true /* expectCapChanged */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testRequestNotRemoved_MismatchSubId() throws Exception {
+        doTestNetworkRequestWithCarrierPrivilegesLost(
+                false /* shouldGrantRestrictedNetworkPermission */,
+                Process.myUid(),
+                TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID + 1,
+                false /* expectUnavailable */,
+                false /* expectCapChanged */);
+    }
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testRequestNotRemoved_MismatchUid() throws Exception {
+        doTestNetworkRequestWithCarrierPrivilegesLost(
+                false /* shouldGrantRestrictedNetworkPermission */,
+                Process.myUid() + 1,
+                TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
+                false /* expectUnavailable */,
+                false /* expectCapChanged */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testRequestNotRemoved_HasRestrictedNetworkPermission() throws Exception {
+        doTestNetworkRequestWithCarrierPrivilegesLost(
+                true /* shouldGrantRestrictedNetworkPermission */,
+                Process.myUid(),
+                TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
+                false /* expectUnavailable */,
+                true /* expectCapChanged */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllowedUidsExistWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        // Make sure NETWORK_FACTORY permission is not granted.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .clearCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                        .build(),
+                cb);
+
+        final ArraySet<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        uids.add(200);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .setAllowedUids(uids)
+                .setOwnerUid(Process.myUid())
+                .setAdministratorUids(new int[] {Process.myUid()})
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_TEST,
+                new LinkProperties(), nc);
+        agent.connect(true);
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent);
+
+        uids.add(300);
+        uids.add(400);
+        nc.setAllowedUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastT()) {
+            // AllowedUids is not cleared even without the NETWORK_FACTORY permission
+            // because the caller is the owner of the network.
+            cb.expectCaps(agent, c -> c.getAllowedUids().equals(uids));
+        } else {
+            cb.assertNoCallback();
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -17253,6 +17609,7 @@
         mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                         .clearCapabilities()
                         .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                         .build(),
                 cb);
 
@@ -17398,7 +17755,7 @@
 
         // In this test TEST_PACKAGE_UID will be the UID of the carrier service UID.
         doReturn(true).when(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator)
-                .hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_UID), any());
+                .isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_UID), any());
 
         // Simulate a restricted telephony network. The telephony factory is entitled to set
         // the access UID to the service package on any of its restricted networks.
@@ -17463,17 +17820,18 @@
         // TODO : fix the builder
         ncb.setNetworkSpecifier(null);
         ncb.removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-        ncb.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        ncb.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH);
         // Wifi does not get to set access UID, even to the correct UID
         mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
                 .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .build(), cb);
-        mWiFiAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, new LinkProperties(), ncb.build());
-        mWiFiAgent.connect(true);
-        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiAgent);
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper bluetoothAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(
+                TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH, new LinkProperties(), ncb.build());
+        bluetoothAgent.connect(true);
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(bluetoothAgent);
         ncb.setAllowedUids(serviceUidSet);
-        mWiFiAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(ncb.build(), true /* sendToCS */);
+        bluetoothAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(ncb.build(), true /* sendToCS */);
         cb.assertNoCallback(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
     }
@@ -18699,6 +19057,7 @@
         final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
         lp.setInterfaceName(transportToTestIfaceName(transportType));
         final TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(transportType, lp);
+        final int idleTimerLabel = getIdleTimerLabel(agent.getNetwork().netId, transportType);
         testAndCleanup(() -> {
             final UidFrozenStateChangedCallback uidFrozenStateChangedCallback =
                     getUidFrozenStateChangedCallback().get();
@@ -18711,7 +19070,7 @@
             if (freezeWithNetworkInactive) {
                 // Make network inactive
                 netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
-                        transportType, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID);
+                        idleTimerLabel, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID);
             }
 
             // Freeze TEST_FROZEN_UID and TEST_UNFROZEN_UID
@@ -18735,7 +19094,7 @@
 
             // Make network active
             netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(true /* isActive */,
-                    transportType, TIMESTAMP, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+                    idleTimerLabel, TIMESTAMP, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
             waitForIdle();
 
             if (expectDelay) {
@@ -18754,8 +19113,8 @@
     @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public void testDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy_ActiveCellular() throws Exception {
-        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
-                false /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */, false /* expectDelay */);
+        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */,
+                false /* expectDelay */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -18763,22 +19122,22 @@
     public void testDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy_InactiveCellular() throws Exception {
         // When the default network is cellular and cellular network is inactive, closing socket
         // is delayed.
-        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
-                true /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */, true /* expectDelay */);
+        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */,
+                true /* expectDelay */);
     }
 
     @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public void testDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy_ActiveWifi() throws Exception {
-        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
-                false /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */, false /* expectDelay */);
+        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_WIFI, false /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */,
+                false /* expectDelay */);
     }
 
     @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public void testDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy_InactiveWifi() throws Exception {
-        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
-                true /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */, false /* expectDelay */);
+        doTestDelayFrozenUidSocketDestroy(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true /* freezeWithNetworkInactive */,
+                false /* expectDelay */);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -18799,6 +19158,8 @@
         final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
         cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         mCellAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        final int idleTimerLabel =
+                getIdleTimerLabel(mCellAgent.getNetwork().netId, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
@@ -18808,7 +19169,7 @@
 
             // Make cell network inactive
             netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
-                    TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID);
+                    idleTimerLabel, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID);
 
             // Freeze TEST_FROZEN_UID
             final int[] uids = {TEST_FROZEN_UID};
@@ -18880,6 +19241,25 @@
         verifyClatdStop(null /* inOrder */, MOBILE_IFNAME);
     }
 
-    // Note : adding tests is ConnectivityServiceTest is deprecated, as it is too big for
+    private static final int EXPECTED_TEST_METHOD_COUNT = 332;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTestMethodCount() {
+        final Class<?> testClass = this.getClass();
+
+        int actualTestMethodCount = 0;
+        for (final Method method : testClass.getDeclaredMethods()) {
+            if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Test.class)) {
+                actualTestMethodCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("Adding tests in ConnectivityServiceTest is deprecated, "
+                + "as it is too big for maintenance. Please consider adding new tests "
+                + "in subclasses of CSTest instead.",
+                EXPECTED_TEST_METHOD_COUNT, actualTestMethodCount);
+    }
+
+    // Note : adding tests in ConnectivityServiceTest is deprecated, as it is too big for
     // maintenance. Please consider adding new tests in subclasses of CSTest instead.
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
index 1618a62..8037542 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage;
 import com.android.server.IpSecService.TunnelInterfaceRecord;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
 
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -149,6 +152,7 @@
         private Set<String> mAllowedPermissions = new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(
                 android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS,
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
                 PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK));
 
         private void setAllowedPermissions(String... permissions) {
@@ -202,11 +206,13 @@
     private IpSecService.Dependencies makeDependencies() throws RemoteException {
         final IpSecService.Dependencies deps = mock(IpSecService.Dependencies.class);
         when(deps.getNetdInstance(mTestContext)).thenReturn(mMockNetd);
+        when(deps.getIpSecXfrmController()).thenReturn(mMockXfrmCtrl);
         return deps;
     }
 
     INetd mMockNetd;
     PackageManager mMockPkgMgr;
+    IpSecXfrmController mMockXfrmCtrl;
     IpSecService.Dependencies mDeps;
     IpSecService mIpSecService;
     Network fakeNetwork = new Network(0xAB);
@@ -235,6 +241,7 @@
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         mMockNetd = mock(INetd.class);
+        mMockXfrmCtrl = mock(IpSecXfrmController.class);
         mMockPkgMgr = mock(PackageManager.class);
         mDeps = makeDependencies();
         mIpSecService = new IpSecService(mTestContext, mDeps);
@@ -506,6 +513,32 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void getTransformState() throws Exception {
+        XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage mockXfrmNewSaMsg = mock(XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage.class);
+        when(mockXfrmNewSaMsg.getBitmap()).thenReturn(new byte[512]);
+        when(mMockXfrmCtrl.ipSecGetSa(any(InetAddress.class), anyLong()))
+                .thenReturn(mockXfrmNewSaMsg);
+
+        // Create transform
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, createTransformResp.status);
+
+        // Get transform state
+        mIpSecService.getTransformState(createTransformResp.resourceId);
+
+        // Verifications
+        verify(mMockXfrmCtrl)
+                .ipSecGetSa(
+                        eq(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(mDestinationAddr)),
+                        eq(Integer.toUnsignedLong(TEST_SPI)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testReleaseOwnedSpi() throws Exception {
         IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
         addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmControllerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmControllerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c1f47f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmControllerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static com.android.server.IpSecXfrmControllerTestHex.XFRM_ESRCH_HEX;
+import static com.android.server.IpSecXfrmControllerTestHex.XFRM_NEW_SA_HEX;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.xfrm.XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class IpSecXfrmControllerTest {
+    private static final InetAddress DEST_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::111");
+    private static final long SPI = 0xaabbccddL;
+    private static final int ESRCH = -3;
+
+    private IpSecXfrmController mXfrmController;
+    private FileDescriptor mDummyNetlinkSocket;
+
+    @Mock private IpSecXfrmController.Dependencies mMockDeps;
+
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<byte[]> mRequestByteArrayCaptor;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mDummyNetlinkSocket = new FileDescriptor();
+
+        when(mMockDeps.newNetlinkSocket()).thenReturn(mDummyNetlinkSocket);
+        mXfrmController = new IpSecXfrmController(mMockDeps);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStop() throws Exception {
+        mXfrmController.openNetlinkSocketIfNeeded();
+
+        verify(mMockDeps).newNetlinkSocket();
+        assertNotNull(mXfrmController.getNetlinkSocket());
+
+        mXfrmController.closeNetlinkSocketIfNeeded();
+        verify(mMockDeps).releaseNetlinkSocket(eq(mDummyNetlinkSocket));
+        assertNull(mXfrmController.getNetlinkSocket());
+    }
+
+    private static void injectRxMessage(IpSecXfrmController.Dependencies mockDeps, byte[] bytes)
+            throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
+        buff.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        when(mockDeps.recvMessage(any(FileDescriptor.class))).thenReturn(buff);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpSecGetSa() throws Exception {
+        final int expectedReqLen = 40;
+        injectRxMessage(mMockDeps, XFRM_NEW_SA_HEX);
+
+        final NetlinkMessage netlinkMessage = mXfrmController.ipSecGetSa(DEST_ADDRESS, SPI);
+        final XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage message = (XfrmNetlinkNewSaMessage) netlinkMessage;
+
+        // Verifications
+        assertEquals(SPI, message.getXfrmUsersaInfo().getSpi());
+        assertEquals(DEST_ADDRESS, message.getXfrmUsersaInfo().getDestAddress());
+
+        verify(mMockDeps).sendMessage(eq(mDummyNetlinkSocket), mRequestByteArrayCaptor.capture());
+        final byte[] request = mRequestByteArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(expectedReqLen, request.length);
+
+        verify(mMockDeps).recvMessage(eq(mDummyNetlinkSocket));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpSecGetSa_NlErrorMsg() throws Exception {
+        injectRxMessage(mMockDeps, XFRM_ESRCH_HEX);
+
+        try {
+            mXfrmController.ipSecGetSa(DEST_ADDRESS, SPI);
+            fail("Expected to fail with ESRCH ");
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            assertEquals(ESRCH, e.errno);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmControllerTestHex.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmControllerTestHex.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2082c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecXfrmControllerTestHex.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+public class IpSecXfrmControllerTestHex {
+    private static final String XFRM_NEW_SA_HEX_STRING =
+            "2003000010000000000000003FE1D4B6"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000A00000000000000"
+                    + "000000000000000020010DB800000000"
+                    + "0000000000000111AABBCCDD32000000"
+                    + "20010DB8000000000000000000000222"
+                    + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "FD464C65000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "024000000A0000000000000000000000"
+                    + "5C000100686D61632873686131290000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000A000000055F01AC07E15E437"
+                    + "115DDE0AEDD18A822BA9F81E60001400"
+                    + "686D6163287368613129000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "A00000006000000055F01AC07E15E437"
+                    + "115DDE0AEDD18A822BA9F81E58000200"
+                    + "63626328616573290000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "800000006AED4975ADF006D65C76F639"
+                    + "23A6265B1C0117004000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000080000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    + "00000000000000000000000000000000";
+    public static final byte[] XFRM_NEW_SA_HEX =
+            HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(XFRM_NEW_SA_HEX_STRING);
+
+    private static final String XFRM_ESRCH_HEX_STRING =
+            "3C0000000200000000000000A5060000"
+                    + "FDFFFFFF280000001200010000000000"
+                    + "0000000020010DB80000000000000000"
+                    + "00000111AABBCCDD0A003200";
+    public static final byte[] XFRM_ESRCH_HEX = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(XFRM_ESRCH_HEX_STRING);
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
index 771edb2..979e0a1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.DEVICE_POWER;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_CACHED;
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
-import static android.content.pm.PermissionInfo.PROTECTION_SIGNATURE;
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
@@ -34,12 +34,14 @@
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER;
 import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS;
 import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT;
 import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.FAILURE_OPERATION_NOT_RUNNING;
 
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.api33.ConstantsShim.REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.DEFAULT_RUNNING_APP_ACTIVE_IMPORTANCE_CUTOFF;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.MdnsListener;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.NO_TRANSACTION;
+import static com.android.server.NsdService.checkHostname;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.parseTypeAndSubtype;
 import static com.android.testutils.ContextUtils.mockService;
 
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
@@ -75,7 +78,6 @@
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.content.pm.PermissionInfo;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.mdns.aidl.DiscoveryInfo;
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@
 import android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener;
 import android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo;
 import android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo;
+import android.net.nsd.AdvertisingRequest;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
 import android.net.nsd.MDnsManager;
@@ -101,6 +104,7 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
@@ -110,6 +114,7 @@
 import com.android.metrics.NetworkNsdReportedMetrics;
 import com.android.server.NsdService.Dependencies;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAdvertiser;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAdvertisingOptions;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsDiscoveryManager;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceSocket;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions;
@@ -132,23 +137,32 @@
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 // TODOs:
 //  - test client can send requests and receive replies
 //  - test NSD_ON ENABLE/DISABLED listening
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 public class NsdServiceTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
     static final int PROTOCOL = NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
     private static final long CLEANUP_DELAY_MS = 500;
     private static final long TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
@@ -169,6 +183,8 @@
 
     @Rule
     public TestRule compatChangeRule = new PlatformCompatChangeRule();
+    @Rule
+    public TestRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
     @Mock Context mContext;
     @Mock PackageManager mPackageManager;
     @Mock ContentResolver mResolver;
@@ -228,7 +244,8 @@
         doReturn(mSocketProvider).when(mDeps).makeMdnsSocketProvider(any(), any(), any(), any());
         doReturn(DEFAULT_RUNNING_APP_ACTIVE_IMPORTANCE_CUTOFF).when(mDeps).getDeviceConfigInt(
                 eq(NsdService.MDNS_CONFIG_RUNNING_APP_ACTIVE_IMPORTANCE_CUTOFF), anyInt());
-        doReturn(mAdvertiser).when(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), any(), any(), any());
+        doReturn(mAdvertiser).when(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(),
+                any());
         doReturn(mMetrics).when(mDeps).makeNetworkNsdReportedMetrics(anyInt());
         doReturn(mClock).when(mDeps).makeClock();
         doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
@@ -250,8 +267,14 @@
             mThread.quitSafely();
             mThread.join();
         }
+
+        // Clear inline mocks as there are possible memory leaks if not done (see mockito
+        // doc for clearInlineMocks), and some tests create many of them.
+        Mockito.framework().clearInlineMocks();
     }
 
+    // Native mdns provided by Netd is removed after U.
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges({
             RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER,
@@ -284,6 +307,7 @@
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testNoDaemonStartedWhenClientsConnect() throws Exception {
         // Creating an NsdManager will not cause daemon startup.
         connectClient(mService);
@@ -319,6 +343,7 @@
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testClientRequestsAreGCedAtDisconnection() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
@@ -363,6 +388,7 @@
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER)
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testCleanupDelayNoRequestActive() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
 
@@ -399,6 +425,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testDiscoverOnTetheringDownstream() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final int interfaceIdx = 123;
@@ -496,7 +523,58 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    public void testDiscoverOnTetheringDownstream_DiscoveryManager() throws Exception {
+        final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
+        final DiscoveryListener discListener = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
+        client.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, PROTOCOL, discListener);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsServiceBrowserListener> discoverListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsServiceBrowserListener.class);
+        final InOrder discManagerOrder = inOrder(mDiscoveryManager);
+        final String serviceTypeWithLocalDomain = SERVICE_TYPE + ".local";
+        discManagerOrder.verify(mDiscoveryManager).registerListener(eq(serviceTypeWithLocalDomain),
+                discoverListenerCaptor.capture(), any());
+
+        final int interfaceIdx = 123;
+        final MdnsServiceInfo mockServiceInfo = new MdnsServiceInfo(
+                SERVICE_NAME, /* serviceInstanceName */
+                serviceTypeWithLocalDomain.split("\\."), /* serviceType */
+                List.of(), /* subtypes */
+                new String[] {"android", "local"}, /* hostName */
+                12345, /* port */
+                List.of(IPV4_ADDRESS),
+                List.of(IPV6_ADDRESS),
+                List.of(), /* textStrings */
+                List.of(), /* textEntries */
+                interfaceIdx, /* interfaceIndex */
+                null /* network */,
+                Instant.MAX /* expirationTime */);
+
+        // Verify service is found with the interface index
+        discoverListenerCaptor.getValue().onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                mockServiceInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> foundInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onServiceFound(foundInfoCaptor.capture());
+        final NsdServiceInfo foundInfo = foundInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        assertNull(foundInfo.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals(interfaceIdx, foundInfo.getInterfaceIndex());
+
+        // Using the returned service info to resolve or register callback uses the interface index
+        client.resolveService(foundInfo, mock(ResolveListener.class));
+        client.registerServiceInfoCallback(foundInfo, Runnable::run,
+                mock(ServiceInfoCallback.class));
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        discManagerOrder.verify(mDiscoveryManager, times(2)).registerListener(any(), any(), argThat(
+                o -> o.getNetwork() == null && o.getInterfaceIndex() == interfaceIdx));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testDiscoverOnBlackholeNetwork() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final DiscoveryListener discListener = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
@@ -529,6 +607,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testServiceRegistrationSuccessfulAndFailed() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE);
@@ -583,6 +662,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testServiceDiscoveryFailed() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final DiscoveryListener discListener = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
@@ -615,6 +695,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testServiceResolutionFailed() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE);
@@ -650,6 +731,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testGettingAddressFailed() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE);
@@ -699,8 +781,89 @@
                 true /* isLegacy */, getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
+    @EnableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @Test
+    public void testPerClientListenerLimit() throws Exception {
+        final NsdManager client1 = connectClient(mService);
+        final NsdManager client2 = connectClient(mService);
+
+        final String testType1 = "_testtype1._tcp";
+        final NsdServiceInfo testServiceInfo1 = new NsdServiceInfo("MyTestService1", testType1);
+        testServiceInfo1.setPort(12345);
+        final String testType2 = "_testtype2._tcp";
+        final NsdServiceInfo testServiceInfo2 = new NsdServiceInfo("MyTestService2", testType2);
+        testServiceInfo2.setPort(12345);
+
+        // Each client can register 200 requests (for example 100 discover and 100 register).
+        final int numEachListener = 100;
+        final ArrayList<DiscoveryListener> discListeners = new ArrayList<>(numEachListener);
+        final ArrayList<RegistrationListener> regListeners = new ArrayList<>(numEachListener);
+        for (int i = 0; i < numEachListener; i++) {
+            final DiscoveryListener discListener1 = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
+            discListeners.add(discListener1);
+            final RegistrationListener regListener1 = mock(RegistrationListener.class);
+            regListeners.add(regListener1);
+            final DiscoveryListener discListener2 = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
+            discListeners.add(discListener2);
+            final RegistrationListener regListener2 = mock(RegistrationListener.class);
+            regListeners.add(regListener2);
+            client1.discoverServices(testType1, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    (Network) null, Runnable::run, discListener1);
+            client1.registerService(testServiceInfo1, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run,
+                    regListener1);
+
+            client2.registerService(testServiceInfo2, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run,
+                    regListener2);
+            client2.discoverServices(testType2, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    (Network) null, Runnable::run, discListener2);
+        }
+
+        // Use a longer timeout than usual for the handler to process all the events. The
+        // registrations take about 1s on a high-end 2013 device.
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, 30_000L);
+        for (int i = 0; i < discListeners.size(); i++) {
+            // Callbacks are sent on the manager handler which is different from mHandler, so use
+            // a short timeout (each callback should come quickly after the previous one).
+            verify(discListeners.get(i), timeout(TEST_TIME_MS))
+                    .onDiscoveryStarted(i % 2 == 0 ? testType1 : testType2);
+
+            // registerService does not get a callback before probing finishes (will not happen as
+            // this is mocked)
+            verifyNoMoreInteractions(regListeners.get(i));
+        }
+
+        // The next registrations should fail
+        final DiscoveryListener failDiscListener1 = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
+        final RegistrationListener failRegListener1 = mock(RegistrationListener.class);
+        final DiscoveryListener failDiscListener2 = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
+        final RegistrationListener failRegListener2 = mock(RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        client1.discoverServices(testType1, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                (Network) null, Runnable::run, failDiscListener1);
+        verify(failDiscListener1, timeout(TEST_TIME_MS))
+                .onStartDiscoveryFailed(testType1, FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT);
+
+        client1.registerService(testServiceInfo1, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run,
+                failRegListener1);
+        verify(failRegListener1, timeout(TEST_TIME_MS)).onRegistrationFailed(
+                argThat(a -> testServiceInfo1.getServiceName().equals(a.getServiceName())),
+                eq(FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT));
+
+        client1.discoverServices(testType2, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                (Network) null, Runnable::run, failDiscListener2);
+        verify(failDiscListener2, timeout(TEST_TIME_MS))
+                .onStartDiscoveryFailed(testType2, FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT);
+
+        client1.registerService(testServiceInfo2, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run,
+                failRegListener2);
+        verify(failRegListener2, timeout(TEST_TIME_MS)).onRegistrationFailed(
+                argThat(a -> testServiceInfo2.getServiceName().equals(a.getServiceName())),
+                eq(FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT));
+    }
+
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testNoCrashWhenProcessResolutionAfterBinderDied() throws Exception {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final INsdManagerCallback cb = getCallback();
@@ -721,6 +884,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testStopServiceResolution() {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE);
@@ -742,11 +906,12 @@
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
         verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(
-                true /* isLegacy */, resolveId, 10L /* durationMs */);
+                true /* isLegacy */, resolveId, 10L /* durationMs */, 0 /* sentQueryCount */);
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testStopResolutionFailed() {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE);
@@ -772,6 +937,7 @@
 
     @Test @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testStopResolutionDuringGettingAddress() throws RemoteException {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE);
@@ -814,7 +980,7 @@
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
         verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(
-                true /* isLegacy */, getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */);
+                true /* isLegacy */, getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */,  0 /* sentQueryCount */);
     }
 
     private void verifyUpdatedServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo info, String serviceName,
@@ -862,7 +1028,8 @@
                 List.of() /* textStrings */,
                 List.of() /* textEntries */,
                 1234,
-                network);
+                network,
+                Instant.MAX /* expirationTime */);
 
         // Callbacks for query sent.
         listener.onDiscoveryQuerySent(Collections.emptyList(), 1 /* transactionId */);
@@ -892,7 +1059,8 @@
                 List.of() /* textStrings */,
                 List.of() /* textEntries */,
                 1234,
-                network);
+                network,
+                Instant.MAX /* expirationTime */);
 
         // Verify onServiceUpdated callback.
         listener.onServiceUpdated(updatedServiceInfo);
@@ -953,6 +1121,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testMdnsDiscoveryManagerFeature() {
         // Create NsdService w/o feature enabled.
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
@@ -1023,10 +1192,11 @@
                 List.of(), /* textStrings */
                 List.of(), /* textEntries */
                 1234, /* interfaceIndex */
-                network);
+                network,
+                Instant.MAX /* expirationTime */);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered callback
-        listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(foundInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(foundInfo, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onServiceFound(argThat(info ->
                 info.getServiceName().equals(SERVICE_NAME)
                         // Service type in discovery callbacks has a dot at the end
@@ -1044,7 +1214,8 @@
                 null, /* textStrings */
                 null, /* textEntries */
                 1234, /* interfaceIndex */
-                network);
+                network,
+                Instant.MAX /* expirationTime */);
         // Verify onServiceNameRemoved callback
         listener.onServiceNameRemoved(removedInfo);
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onServiceLost(argThat(info ->
@@ -1061,7 +1232,7 @@
         verify(mSocketProvider, timeout(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS + TIMEOUT_MS)).requestStopWhenInactive();
         verify(mMetrics).reportServiceDiscoveryStop(false /* isLegacy */, discId,
                 10L /* durationMs */, 1 /* foundCallbackCount */, 1 /* lostCallbackCount */,
-                1 /* servicesCount */, 3 /* sentQueryCount */);
+                1 /* servicesCount */, 3 /* sentQueryCount */, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1113,9 +1284,10 @@
         final RegistrationListener regListener = mock(RegistrationListener.class);
         client.registerService(regInfo, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run, regListener);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mAdvertiser).addService(anyInt(), argThat(s ->
+        verify(mAdvertiser).addOrUpdateService(anyInt(), argThat(s ->
                 "Instance".equals(s.getServiceName())
-                        && SERVICE_TYPE.equals(s.getServiceType())), eq("_subtype"));
+                        && SERVICE_TYPE.equals(s.getServiceType())
+                        && s.getSubtypes().equals(Set.of("_subtype"))), any(), anyInt());
 
         final DiscoveryListener discListener = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
         client.discoverServices(typeWithSubtype, PROTOCOL, network, Runnable::run, discListener);
@@ -1165,7 +1337,8 @@
                 List.of(MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromBytes(new byte[]{
                         'k', 'e', 'y', '=', (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFE})) /* textEntries */,
                 1234,
-                network);
+                network,
+                Instant.ofEpochSecond(1000_000L) /* expirationTime */);
 
         // Verify onServiceFound callback
         doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
@@ -1190,6 +1363,7 @@
         assertTrue(info.getHostAddresses().stream().anyMatch(
                 address -> address.equals(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))));
         assertEquals(network, info.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals(Instant.ofEpochSecond(1000_000L), info.getExpirationTime());
 
         // Verify the listener has been unregistered.
         verify(mDiscoveryManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
@@ -1199,6 +1373,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testMdnsAdvertiserFeatureFlagging() {
         // Create NsdService w/o feature enabled.
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
@@ -1220,8 +1395,8 @@
         waitForIdle();
 
         final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> serviceIdCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
-        verify(mAdvertiser).addService(serviceIdCaptor.capture(),
-                argThat(info -> matches(info, regInfo)), eq(null) /* subtype */);
+        verify(mAdvertiser).addOrUpdateService(serviceIdCaptor.capture(),
+                argThat(info -> matches(info, regInfo)), any(), anyInt());
 
         client.unregisterService(regListenerWithoutFeature);
         waitForIdle();
@@ -1237,6 +1412,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @DisableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testTypeSpecificFeatureFlagging() {
         doReturn("_type1._tcp:flag1,_type2._tcp:flag2").when(mDeps).getTypeAllowlistFlags();
         doReturn(true).when(mDeps).isFeatureEnabled(any(),
@@ -1249,7 +1425,7 @@
         service1.setHostAddresses(List.of(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")));
         service1.setPort(1234);
         final NsdServiceInfo service2 = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, "_type2._tcp");
-        service2.setHostAddresses(List.of(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")));
+        service1.setHostAddresses(List.of(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")));
         service2.setPort(1234);
 
         client.discoverServices(service1.getServiceType(),
@@ -1280,10 +1456,10 @@
         waitForIdle();
 
         // The advertiser is enabled for _type2 but not _type1
-        verify(mAdvertiser, never()).addService(
-                anyInt(), argThat(info -> matches(info, service1)), eq(null) /* subtype */);
-        verify(mAdvertiser).addService(
-                anyInt(), argThat(info -> matches(info, service2)), eq(null) /* subtype */);
+        verify(mAdvertiser, never()).addOrUpdateService(anyInt(),
+                argThat(info -> matches(info, service1)), any(), anyInt());
+        verify(mAdvertiser).addOrUpdateService(anyInt(), argThat(info -> matches(info, service2)),
+                any(), anyInt());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1295,7 +1471,7 @@
         // final String serviceTypeWithLocalDomain = SERVICE_TYPE + ".local";
         final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback> cbCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback.class);
-        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any());
+        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
 
         final NsdServiceInfo regInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE);
         regInfo.setHost(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"));
@@ -1307,8 +1483,8 @@
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mSocketProvider).startMonitoringSockets();
         final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> idCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
-        verify(mAdvertiser).addService(idCaptor.capture(), argThat(info ->
-                matches(info, regInfo)), eq(null) /* subtype */);
+        verify(mAdvertiser).addOrUpdateService(idCaptor.capture(), argThat(info ->
+                matches(info, regInfo)), any(), anyInt());
 
         // Verify onServiceRegistered callback
         final MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback cb = cbCaptor.getValue();
@@ -1346,7 +1522,7 @@
         // final String serviceTypeWithLocalDomain = SERVICE_TYPE + ".local";
         final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback> cbCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback.class);
-        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any());
+        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
 
         final NsdServiceInfo regInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, "invalid_type");
         regInfo.setHost(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"));
@@ -1356,7 +1532,7 @@
 
         client.registerService(regInfo, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run, regListener);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mAdvertiser, never()).addService(anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mAdvertiser, never()).addOrUpdateService(anyInt(), any(), any(), anyInt());
 
         verify(regListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onRegistrationFailed(
                 argThat(info -> matches(info, regInfo)), eq(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR));
@@ -1373,7 +1549,7 @@
         // final String serviceTypeWithLocalDomain = SERVICE_TYPE + ".local";
         final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback> cbCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback.class);
-        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any());
+        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
 
         final NsdServiceInfo regInfo = new NsdServiceInfo("a".repeat(70), SERVICE_TYPE);
         regInfo.setHost(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"));
@@ -1385,9 +1561,12 @@
         waitForIdle();
         final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> idCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
         // Service name is truncated to 63 characters
-        verify(mAdvertiser).addService(idCaptor.capture(),
-                argThat(info -> info.getServiceName().equals("a".repeat(63))),
-                eq(null) /* subtype */);
+        verify(mAdvertiser)
+                .addOrUpdateService(
+                        idCaptor.capture(),
+                        argThat(info -> info.getServiceName().equals("a".repeat(63))),
+                        any(),
+                        anyInt());
 
         // Verify onServiceRegistered callback
         final MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback cb = cbCaptor.getValue();
@@ -1402,6 +1581,82 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testAdvertiseCustomTtl_validTtl_success() {
+        runValidTtlAdvertisingTest(30L);
+        runValidTtlAdvertisingTest(10 * 3600L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdvertiseCustomTtl_ttlSmallerThan30SecondsButClientIsSystemServer_success() {
+        when(mDeps.getCallingUid()).thenReturn(Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        runValidTtlAdvertisingTest(29L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdvertiseCustomTtl_ttlLargerThan10HoursButClientIsSystemServer_success() {
+        when(mDeps.getCallingUid()).thenReturn(Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        runValidTtlAdvertisingTest(10 * 3600L + 1);
+        runValidTtlAdvertisingTest(0xffffffffL);
+    }
+
+    private void runValidTtlAdvertisingTest(long validTtlSeconds) {
+        setMdnsAdvertiserEnabled();
+
+        final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
+        final RegistrationListener regListener = mock(RegistrationListener.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback> cbCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback.class);
+        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
+
+        final NsdServiceInfo regInfo = new NsdServiceInfo("Service custom TTL", SERVICE_TYPE);
+        regInfo.setPort(1234);
+        final AdvertisingRequest request =
+                new AdvertisingRequest.Builder(regInfo, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                    .setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(validTtlSeconds)).build();
+
+        client.registerService(request, Runnable::run, regListener);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> idCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
+        final MdnsAdvertisingOptions expectedAdverstingOptions =
+                MdnsAdvertisingOptions.newBuilder().setTtl(request.getTtl()).build();
+        verify(mAdvertiser).addOrUpdateService(idCaptor.capture(), any(),
+                eq(expectedAdverstingOptions), anyInt());
+
+        // Verify onServiceRegistered callback
+        final MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback cb = cbCaptor.getValue();
+        final int regId = idCaptor.getValue();
+        cb.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(regId, regInfo);
+
+        verify(regListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onServiceRegistered(
+                argThat(info -> matches(info, new NsdServiceInfo(regInfo.getServiceName(), null))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdvertiseCustomTtl_invalidTtl_FailsWithBadParameters() {
+        setMdnsAdvertiserEnabled();
+        final long invalidTtlSeconds = 29L;
+        final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
+        final RegistrationListener regListener = mock(RegistrationListener.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback> cbCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback.class);
+        verify(mDeps).makeMdnsAdvertiser(any(), any(), cbCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
+
+        final NsdServiceInfo regInfo = new NsdServiceInfo("Service custom TTL", SERVICE_TYPE);
+        regInfo.setPort(1234);
+        final AdvertisingRequest request =
+                new AdvertisingRequest.Builder(regInfo, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                    .setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(invalidTtlSeconds)).build();
+        client.registerService(request, Runnable::run, regListener);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        verify(regListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onRegistrationFailed(any(), eq(FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStopServiceResolutionWithMdnsDiscoveryManager() {
         setMdnsDiscoveryManagerEnabled();
 
@@ -1426,20 +1681,23 @@
         // Subtypes are not used for resolution, only for discovery
         assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), optionsCaptor.getValue().getSubtypes());
 
+        final MdnsListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+        // Callbacks for query sent.
+        listener.onDiscoveryQuerySent(Collections.emptyList(), 1 /* transactionId */);
+
         doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         client.stopServiceResolution(resolveListener);
         waitForIdle();
 
         // Verify the listener has been unregistered.
-        final MdnsListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
         verify(mDiscoveryManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .unregisterListener(eq(constructedServiceType), eq(listener));
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onResolutionStopped(argThat(ns ->
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
         verify(mSocketProvider, timeout(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS + TIMEOUT_MS)).requestStopWhenInactive();
-        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(
-                false /* isLegacy */, listener.mTransactionId, 10L /* durationMs */);
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(false /* isLegacy */, listener.mTransactionId,
+                10L /* durationMs */, 1 /* sentQueryCount */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1451,14 +1709,52 @@
         final String serviceType5 = "_TEST._999._tcp.";
         final String serviceType6 = "_998._tcp.,_TEST";
         final String serviceType7 = "_997._tcp,_TEST";
+        final String serviceType8 = "_997._tcp,_test1,_test2,_test3";
+        final String serviceType9 = "_test4._997._tcp,_test1,_test2,_test3";
 
         assertNull(parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType1));
         assertNull(parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType2));
         assertNull(parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType3));
-        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_123._udp", null), parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType4));
-        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_999._tcp", "_TEST"), parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType5));
-        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_998._tcp", "_TEST"), parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType6));
-        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_997._tcp", "_TEST"), parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType7));
+        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_123._udp", Collections.emptyList()),
+                parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType4));
+        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_999._tcp", List.of("_TEST")), parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType5));
+        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_998._tcp", List.of("_TEST")), parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType6));
+        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_997._tcp", List.of("_TEST")), parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType7));
+
+        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_997._tcp", List.of("_test1", "_test2", "_test3")),
+                parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType8));
+        assertEquals(new Pair<>("_997._tcp", List.of("_test4")),
+                parseTypeAndSubtype(serviceType9));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void TestCheckHostname() {
+        // Valid cases
+        assertTrue(checkHostname(null));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("a"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("1"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("a-1234-bbbb-cccc000"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("A-1234-BBbb-CCCC000"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("1234-bbbb-cccc000"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcde" // 63 characters
+                        ));
+
+        // Invalid cases
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("?"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("/"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("a-"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("B-"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("-A"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("-b"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("-1-"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef" // 64 characters
+                        ));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1477,7 +1773,7 @@
         client.registerService(regInfo, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run, regListener);
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mSocketProvider).startMonitoringSockets();
-        verify(mAdvertiser).addService(anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mAdvertiser).addOrUpdateService(anyInt(), any(), any(), anyInt());
 
         // Verify the discovery uses MdnsDiscoveryManager
         final DiscoveryListener discListener = mock(DiscoveryListener.class);
@@ -1510,7 +1806,7 @@
         client.registerService(regInfo, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, Runnable::run, regListener);
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mSocketProvider).startMonitoringSockets();
-        verify(mAdvertiser).addService(anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mAdvertiser).addOrUpdateService(anyInt(), any(), any(), anyInt());
 
         final Network wifiNetwork1 = new Network(123);
         final Network wifiNetwork2 = new Network(124);
@@ -1696,8 +1992,8 @@
 
     @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
-    public void testRegisterOffloadEngine_checkPermission()
-            throws PackageManager.NameNotFoundException {
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    public void testRegisterOffloadEngine_checkPermission_V() {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
         final OffloadEngine offloadEngine = mock(OffloadEngine.class);
         doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_STACK);
@@ -1707,17 +2003,41 @@
         doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
                 REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE);
 
-        PermissionInfo permissionInfo = new PermissionInfo("");
-        permissionInfo.packageName = "android";
-        permissionInfo.protectionLevel = PROTECTION_SIGNATURE;
-        doReturn(permissionInfo).when(mPackageManager).getPermissionInfo(
-                REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE, 0);
-        client.registerOffloadEngine("iface1", OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY,
-                OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK,
-                Runnable::run, offloadEngine);
-        client.unregisterOffloadEngine(offloadEngine);
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE);
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(DEVICE_POWER);
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> client.registerOffloadEngine("iface1", OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY,
+                        OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK, Runnable::run,
+                        offloadEngine));
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE);
+        final OffloadEngine offloadEngine2 = mock(OffloadEngine.class);
+        client.registerOffloadEngine("iface2", OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY,
+                OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK, Runnable::run,
+                offloadEngine2);
+        client.unregisterOffloadEngine(offloadEngine2);
+    }
 
-        // TODO: add checks to test the packageName other than android
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testRegisterOffloadEngine_checkPermission_U() {
+        final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
+        final OffloadEngine offloadEngine = mock(OffloadEngine.class);
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_STACK);
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                REGISTER_NSD_OFFLOAD_ENGINE);
+
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(DEVICE_POWER);
+        client.registerOffloadEngine("iface2", OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY,
+                OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK, Runnable::run,
+                offloadEngine);
+        client.unregisterOffloadEngine(offloadEngine);
     }
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index bf23cd1..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,409 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server;
-
-import static android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.R;
-
-import static com.android.testutils.ContextUtils.mockService;
-import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-
-import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.INetd;
-import android.net.Uri;
-import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.HandlerThread;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
-import android.os.Looper;
-import android.os.UserHandle;
-import android.os.UserManager;
-import android.security.Credentials;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore;
-import com.android.server.net.LockdownVpnTracker;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.List;
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@IgnoreUpTo(R) // VpnManagerService is not available before R
-@SmallTest
-public class VpnManagerServiceTest extends VpnTestBase {
-    private static final String CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTION_TAG = "VPN_MANAGER";
-
-    @Rule
-    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
-
-    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
-
-    @Mock Context mContext;
-    @Mock Context mContextWithoutAttributionTag;
-    @Mock Context mSystemContext;
-    @Mock Context mUserAllContext;
-    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
-    @Mock private Vpn mVpn;
-    @Mock private INetworkManagementService mNms;
-    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mCm;
-    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
-    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
-    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
-    @Mock private VpnProfileStore mVpnProfileStore;
-    @Mock private LockdownVpnTracker mLockdownVpnTracker;
-
-    private VpnManagerServiceDependencies mDeps;
-    private VpnManagerService mService;
-    private BroadcastReceiver mUserPresentReceiver;
-    private BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver;
-    private final String mNotMyVpnPkg = "com.not.my.vpn";
-
-    class VpnManagerServiceDependencies extends VpnManagerService.Dependencies {
-        @Override
-        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
-            return mHandlerThread;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public INetworkManagementService getINetworkManagementService() {
-            return mNms;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public INetd getNetd() {
-            return mNetd;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public Vpn createVpn(Looper looper, Context context, INetworkManagementService nms,
-                INetd netd, @UserIdInt int userId) {
-            return mVpn;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public VpnProfileStore getVpnProfileStore() {
-            return mVpnProfileStore;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public LockdownVpnTracker createLockDownVpnTracker(Context context, Handler handler,
-                Vpn vpn, VpnProfile profile) {
-            return mLockdownVpnTracker;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public @UserIdInt int getMainUserId() {
-            return UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
-
-        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("TestVpnManagerService");
-        mDeps = new VpnManagerServiceDependencies();
-
-        // The attribution tag is a dependency for IKE library to collect VPN metrics correctly
-        // and thus should not be changed without updating the IKE code.
-        doReturn(mContext)
-                .when(mContextWithoutAttributionTag)
-                .createAttributionContext(CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
-
-        doReturn(mUserAllContext).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0);
-        doReturn(mSystemContext).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(UserHandle.SYSTEM, 0);
-        doReturn(mPackageManager).when(mContext).getPackageManager();
-        setMockedPackages(mPackageManager, sPackages);
-
-        mockService(mContext, ConnectivityManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mCm);
-        mockService(mContext, UserManager.class, Context.USER_SERVICE, mUserManager);
-        doReturn(SYSTEM_USER).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(eq(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        mService = new VpnManagerService(mContextWithoutAttributionTag, mDeps);
-        mService.systemReady();
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> intentReceiverCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> userPresentReceiverCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
-        verify(mSystemContext).registerReceiver(
-                userPresentReceiverCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
-        verify(mUserAllContext, times(2)).registerReceiver(
-                intentReceiverCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
-        mUserPresentReceiver = userPresentReceiverCaptor.getValue();
-        mIntentReceiver = intentReceiverCaptor.getValue();
-
-        // Add user to create vpn in mVpn
-        onUserStarted(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        assertNotNull(mService.mVpns.get(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUpdateAppExclusionList() {
-        // Start vpn
-        mService.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verify(mVpn).startVpnProfile(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-
-        // Remove package due to package replaced.
-        onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn, never()).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Add package due to package replaced.
-        onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn, never()).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Remove package
-        onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Add the package back
-        onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn, times(2)).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileFromDiffPackage() {
-        assertThrows(
-                SecurityException.class, () -> mService.startVpnProfile(mNotMyVpnPkg));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStopVpnProfileFromDiffPackage() {
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mService.stopVpnProfile(mNotMyVpnPkg));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetProvisionedVpnProfileStateFromDiffPackage() {
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
-                mService.getProvisionedVpnProfileState(mNotMyVpnPkg));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetProvisionedVpnProfileState() {
-        mService.getProvisionedVpnProfileState(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verify(mVpn).getProvisionedVpnProfileState(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    private Intent buildIntent(String action, String packageName, int userId, int uid,
-            boolean isReplacing) {
-        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
-        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, userId);
-        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, uid);
-        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REPLACING, isReplacing);
-        if (packageName != null) {
-            intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package" /* scheme */, packageName, null /* fragment */));
-        }
-
-        return intent;
-    }
-
-    private void sendIntent(Intent intent) {
-        sendIntent(mIntentReceiver, mContext, intent);
-    }
-
-    private void sendIntent(BroadcastReceiver receiver, Context context, Intent intent) {
-        final Handler h = mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler();
-
-        // Send in handler thread.
-        h.post(() -> receiver.onReceive(context, intent));
-        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-    }
-
-    private void onUserStarted(int userId) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STARTED,
-                null /* packageName */, userId, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onUserUnlocked(int userId) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED,
-                null /* packageName */, userId, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onUserStopped(int userId) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STOPPED,
-                null /* packageName */, userId, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onLockDownReset() {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(LockdownVpnTracker.ACTION_LOCKDOWN_RESET, null /* packageName */,
-                UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int userId, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, packageName, userId, uid, isReplacing));
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        onPackageAdded(packageName, UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, uid, isReplacing);
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int userId, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED, packageName, userId, uid,
-                isReplacing));
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        onPackageRemoved(packageName, UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, uid, isReplacing);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testReceiveIntentFromNonHandlerThread() {
-        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () ->
-                mIntentReceiver.onReceive(mContext, buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED,
-                        PKGS[0], UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */)));
-
-        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () ->
-                mUserPresentReceiver.onReceive(mContext, new Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT)));
-    }
-
-    private void setupLockdownVpn(String packageName) {
-        final byte[] profileTag = packageName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        doReturn(profileTag).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.LOCKDOWN_VPN);
-    }
-
-    private void setupVpnProfile(String profileName) {
-        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile(profileName);
-        profile.name = profileName;
-        profile.server = "192.0.2.1";
-        profile.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
-        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_IPSEC_XAUTH_PSK;
-        final byte[] encodedProfile = profile.encode();
-        doReturn(encodedProfile).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.VPN + profileName);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUserPresent() {
-        // Verify that LockDownVpnTracker is not created.
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).init();
-
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // mUserPresentReceiver only registers ACTION_USER_PRESENT intent and does no verification
-        // on action, so an empty intent is enough.
-        sendIntent(mUserPresentReceiver, mSystemContext, new Intent());
-
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).init();
-        verify(mSystemContext).unregisterReceiver(mUserPresentReceiver);
-        verify(mUserAllContext, never()).unregisterReceiver(any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUpdateLockdownVpn() {
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-
-        // Will not create lockDownVpnTracker w/o valid profile configured in the keystore
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).init();
-
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Remove the user from mVpns
-        onUserStopped(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).init();
-
-        // Add user back
-        onUserStarted(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).init();
-
-        // Trigger another update. The existing LockDownVpnTracker should be shut down and
-        // initialize another one.
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).shutdown();
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, times(2)).init();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownReset() {
-        // Init LockdownVpnTracker
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).init();
-
-        onLockDownReset();
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).reset();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownResetWhenLockdownVpnTrackerIsNotInit() {
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        onLockDownReset();
-
-        // LockDownVpnTracker is not created. Lockdown reset will not take effect.
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).reset();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testIsVpnLockdownEnabled() {
-        // Vpn is created but the VPN lockdown is not enabled.
-        assertFalse(mService.isVpnLockdownEnabled(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        // Set lockdown for the SYSTEM_USER_ID VPN.
-        doReturn(true).when(mVpn).getLockdown();
-        assertTrue(mService.isVpnLockdownEnabled(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        // Even lockdown is enabled but no Vpn is created for SECONDARY_USER.
-        assertFalse(mService.isVpnLockdownEnabled(SECONDARY_USER.id));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetVpnLockdownAllowlist() {
-        doReturn(null).when(mVpn).getLockdownAllowlist();
-        assertNull(mService.getVpnLockdownAllowlist(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        final List<String> expected = List.of(PKGS);
-        doReturn(expected).when(mVpn).getLockdownAllowlist();
-        assertEquals(expected, mService.getVpnLockdownAllowlist(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        // Even lockdown is enabled but no Vpn is created for SECONDARY_USER.
-        assertNull(mService.getVpnLockdownAllowlist(SECONDARY_USER.id));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnTestBase.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnTestBase.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6113872..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnTestBase.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server;
-
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_ADMIN;
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE;
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY;
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_RESTRICTED;
-
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
-
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
-import android.os.Process;
-import android.os.UserHandle;
-import android.util.ArrayMap;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
-/** Common variables or methods shared between VpnTest and VpnManagerServiceTest. */
-public class VpnTestBase {
-    protected static final String TEST_VPN_PKG = "com.testvpn.vpn";
-    /**
-     * Names and UIDs for some fake packages. Important points:
-     *  - UID is ordered increasing.
-     *  - One pair of packages have consecutive UIDs.
-     */
-    protected static final String[] PKGS = {"com.example", "org.example", "net.example", "web.vpn"};
-    protected static final int[] PKG_UIDS = {10066, 10077, 10078, 10400};
-    // Mock packages
-    protected static final Map<String, Integer> sPackages = new ArrayMap<>();
-    static {
-        for (int i = 0; i < PKGS.length; i++) {
-            sPackages.put(PKGS[i], PKG_UIDS[i]);
-        }
-        sPackages.put(TEST_VPN_PKG, Process.myUid());
-    }
-
-    // Mock users
-    protected static final int SYSTEM_USER_ID = 0;
-    protected static final UserInfo SYSTEM_USER = new UserInfo(0, "system", UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY);
-    protected static final UserInfo PRIMARY_USER = new UserInfo(27, "Primary",
-            FLAG_ADMIN | FLAG_PRIMARY);
-    protected static final UserInfo SECONDARY_USER = new UserInfo(15, "Secondary", FLAG_ADMIN);
-    protected static final UserInfo RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A = new UserInfo(40, "RestrictedA",
-            FLAG_RESTRICTED);
-    protected static final UserInfo RESTRICTED_PROFILE_B = new UserInfo(42, "RestrictedB",
-            FLAG_RESTRICTED);
-    protected static final UserInfo MANAGED_PROFILE_A = new UserInfo(45, "ManagedA",
-            FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE);
-    static {
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.restrictedProfileParentId = PRIMARY_USER.id;
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_B.restrictedProfileParentId = SECONDARY_USER.id;
-        MANAGED_PROFILE_A.profileGroupId = PRIMARY_USER.id;
-    }
-
-    // Populate a fake packageName-to-UID mapping.
-    protected void setMockedPackages(PackageManager mockPm, final Map<String, Integer> packages) {
-        try {
-            doAnswer(invocation -> {
-                final String appName = (String) invocation.getArguments()[0];
-                final int userId = (int) invocation.getArguments()[1];
-
-                final Integer appId = packages.get(appName);
-                if (appId == null) {
-                    throw new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(appName);
-                }
-
-                return UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
-            }).when(mockPm).getPackageUidAsUser(anyString(), anyInt());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected List<Integer> toList(int[] arr) {
-        return Arrays.stream(arr).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
index 8e19c01..c53feee 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.NetworkAgent.CMD_STOP_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
-
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.METRICS_COLLECTION_DURATION_MS;
 import static com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils.visibleOnHandlerThread;
-
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
@@ -71,29 +69,16 @@
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
-import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.Log;
-
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.AutomaticOnOffKeepalive;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveTracker.KeepaliveInfo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
-
-import libcore.util.HexEncoding;
-
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
@@ -103,6 +88,14 @@
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import libcore.util.HexEncoding;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -138,81 +131,81 @@
     // Hexadecimal representation of a SOCK_DIAG response with tcp info.
     private static final String SOCK_DIAG_TCP_INET_HEX =
             // struct nlmsghdr.
-            "14010000" +        // length = 276
-            "1400" +            // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
-            "0301" +            // flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP
-            "00000000" +        // seqno
-            "00000000" +        // pid (0 == kernel)
+            "14010000"        // length = 276
+            + "1400"            // type = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY
+            + "0301"            // flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP
+            + "00000000"        // seqno
+            + "00000000"        // pid (0 == kernel)
             // struct inet_diag_req_v2
-            "02" +              // family = AF_INET
-            "06" +              // state
-            "00" +              // timer
-            "00" +              // retrans
+            + "02"              // family = AF_INET
+            + "06"              // state
+            + "00"              // timer
+            + "00"              // retrans
             // inet_diag_sockid
-            "DEA5" +            // idiag_sport = 42462
-            "71B9" +            // idiag_dport = 47473
-            "0a006402000000000000000000000000" + // idiag_src = 10.0.100.2
-            "08080808000000000000000000000000" + // idiag_dst = 8.8.8.8
-            "00000000" +            // idiag_if
-            "34ED000076270000" +    // idiag_cookie = 43387759684916
-            "00000000" +            // idiag_expires
-            "00000000" +            // idiag_rqueue
-            "00000000" +            // idiag_wqueue
-            "00000000" +            // idiag_uid
-            "00000000" +            // idiag_inode
+            + "DEA5"            // idiag_sport = 42462
+            + "71B9"            // idiag_dport = 47473
+            + "0a006402000000000000000000000000" // idiag_src = 10.0.100.2
+            + "08080808000000000000000000000000" // idiag_dst = 8.8.8.8
+            + "00000000"            // idiag_if
+            + "34ED000076270000"    // idiag_cookie = 43387759684916
+            + "00000000"            // idiag_expires
+            + "00000000"            // idiag_rqueue
+            + "00000000"            // idiag_wqueue
+            + "39300000"            // idiag_uid = 12345
+            + "00000000"            // idiag_inode
             // rtattr
-            "0500" +            // len = 5
-            "0800" +            // type = 8
-            "00000000" +        // data
-            "0800" +            // len = 8
-            "0F00" +            // type = 15(INET_DIAG_MARK)
-            "850A0C00" +        // data, socket mark=789125
-            "AC00" +            // len = 172
-            "0200" +            // type = 2(INET_DIAG_INFO)
+            + "0500"            // len = 5
+            + "0800"            // type = 8
+            + "00000000"        // data
+            + "0800"            // len = 8
+            + "0F00"            // type = 15(INET_DIAG_MARK)
+            + "850A0C00"        // data, socket mark=789125
+            + "AC00"            // len = 172
+            + "0200"            // type = 2(INET_DIAG_INFO)
             // tcp_info
-            "01" +              // state = TCP_ESTABLISHED
-            "00" +              // ca_state = TCP_CA_OPEN
-            "05" +              // retransmits = 5
-            "00" +              // probes = 0
-            "00" +              // backoff = 0
-            "07" +              // option = TCPI_OPT_WSCALE|TCPI_OPT_SACK|TCPI_OPT_TIMESTAMPS
-            "88" +              // wscale = 8
-            "00" +              // delivery_rate_app_limited = 0
-            "4A911B00" +        // rto = 1806666
-            "00000000" +        // ato = 0
-            "2E050000" +        // sndMss = 1326
-            "18020000" +        // rcvMss = 536
-            "00000000" +        // unsacked = 0
-            "00000000" +        // acked = 0
-            "00000000" +        // lost = 0
-            "00000000" +        // retrans = 0
-            "00000000" +        // fackets = 0
-            "BB000000" +        // lastDataSent = 187
-            "00000000" +        // lastAckSent = 0
-            "BB000000" +        // lastDataRecv = 187
-            "BB000000" +        // lastDataAckRecv = 187
-            "DC050000" +        // pmtu = 1500
-            "30560100" +        // rcvSsthresh = 87600
-            "3E2C0900" +        // rttt = 601150
-            "1F960400" +        // rttvar = 300575
-            "78050000" +        // sndSsthresh = 1400
-            "0A000000" +        // sndCwnd = 10
-            "A8050000" +        // advmss = 1448
-            "03000000" +        // reordering = 3
-            "00000000" +        // rcvrtt = 0
-            "30560100" +        // rcvspace = 87600
-            "00000000" +        // totalRetrans = 0
-            "53AC000000000000" +    // pacingRate = 44115
-            "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF" +    // maxPacingRate = 18446744073709551615
-            "0100000000000000" +    // bytesAcked = 1
-            "0000000000000000" +    // bytesReceived = 0
-            "0A000000" +        // SegsOut = 10
-            "00000000" +        // SegsIn = 0
-            "00000000" +        // NotSentBytes = 0
-            "3E2C0900" +        // minRtt = 601150
-            "00000000" +        // DataSegsIn = 0
-            "00000000" +        // DataSegsOut = 0
-            "0000000000000000"; // deliverRate = 0
+            + "01"               // state = TCP_ESTABLISHED
+            + "00"               // ca_state = TCP_CA_OPEN
+            + "05"               // retransmits = 5
+            + "00"               // probes = 0
+            + "00"               // backoff = 0
+            + "07"               // option = TCPI_OPT_WSCALE|TCPI_OPT_SACK|TCPI_OPT_TIMESTAMPS
+            + "88"               // wscale = 8
+            + "00"               // delivery_rate_app_limited = 0
+            + "4A911B00"         // rto = 1806666
+            + "00000000"         // ato = 0
+            + "2E050000"         // sndMss = 1326
+            + "18020000"         // rcvMss = 536
+            + "00000000"         // unsacked = 0
+            + "00000000"         // acked = 0
+            + "00000000"         // lost = 0
+            + "00000000"         // retrans = 0
+            + "00000000"         // fackets = 0
+            + "BB000000"         // lastDataSent = 187
+            + "00000000"         // lastAckSent = 0
+            + "BB000000"         // lastDataRecv = 187
+            + "BB000000"         // lastDataAckRecv = 187
+            + "DC050000"         // pmtu = 1500
+            + "30560100"         // rcvSsthresh = 87600
+            + "3E2C0900"         // rttt = 601150
+            + "1F960400"         // rttvar = 300575
+            + "78050000"         // sndSsthresh = 1400
+            + "0A000000"         // sndCwnd = 10
+            + "A8050000"         // advmss = 1448
+            + "03000000"         // reordering = 3
+            + "00000000"         // rcvrtt = 0
+            + "30560100"         // rcvspace = 87600
+            + "00000000"         // totalRetrans = 0
+            + "53AC000000000000"     // pacingRate = 44115
+            + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"     // maxPacingRate = 18446744073709551615
+            + "0100000000000000"     // bytesAcked = 1
+            + "0000000000000000"     // bytesReceived = 0
+            + "0A000000"         // SegsOut = 10
+            + "00000000"         // SegsIn = 0
+            + "00000000"         // NotSentBytes = 0
+            + "3E2C0900"         // minRtt = 601150
+            + "00000000"         // DataSegsIn = 0
+            + "00000000"         // DataSegsOut = 0
+            + "0000000000000000"; // deliverRate = 0
     private static final String SOCK_DIAG_NO_TCP_INET_HEX =
             // struct nlmsghdr
             "14000000"     // length = 20
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.java
index 8113626..ab81abc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static android.telephony.TelephonyManager.ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED;
 
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.CARRIER_SERVICE_CHANGED_USE_CALLBACK;
+import static com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils.visibleOnHandlerThread;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -45,17 +46,22 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.os.Build;
-import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.TelephonyManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
-import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.Dependencies;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
@@ -65,6 +71,8 @@
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 /**
  * Tests for CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.
@@ -75,31 +83,49 @@
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 public class CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
     private static final int SUBSCRIPTION_COUNT = 2;
     private static final int TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID = 1;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 1_000;
 
     @NonNull private final Context mContext;
     @NonNull private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
     @NonNull private final TelephonyManagerShimImpl mTelephonyManagerShim;
     @NonNull private final PackageManager mPackageManager;
     @NonNull private TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator;
+    @NonNull private final BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> mListener;
     private final int mCarrierConfigPkgUid = 12345;
+    private final boolean mUseCallbacks;
     private final String mTestPkg = "com.android.server.connectivity.test";
     private final BroadcastReceiver mMultiSimBroadcastReceiver;
+    @NonNull private final HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    @NonNull private final Handler mCsHandler;
+    @NonNull private final HandlerThread mCsHandlerThread;
 
     public class TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator extends CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator {
         TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(@NonNull final Context c,
-                @NonNull final ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps,
-                @NonNull final TelephonyManager t) {
-            super(c, deps, t, mTelephonyManagerShim);
+                @NonNull final Dependencies deps,
+                @NonNull final TelephonyManager t,
+                @NonNull final Handler handler) {
+            super(c, deps, t, mTelephonyManagerShim, true /* requestRestrictedWifiEnabled */,
+                    mListener, handler);
         }
         @Override
-        protected int getSlotIndex(int subId) {
-            if (SubscriptionManager.DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_ID == subId) return TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
-            return subId;
+        protected int getSubId(int slotIndex) {
+            return TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
         }
     }
 
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mHandlerThread.quit();
+        mHandlerThread.join();
+        mCsHandlerThread.quit();
+        mCsHandlerThread.join();
+    }
+
     /** Parameters to test both using callbacks or the old broadcast */
     @Parameterized.Parameters
     public static Collection<Boolean> shouldUseCallbacks() {
@@ -111,9 +137,13 @@
         mTelephonyManager = mock(TelephonyManager.class);
         mTelephonyManagerShim = mock(TelephonyManagerShimImpl.class);
         mPackageManager = mock(PackageManager.class);
-        final ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps = mock(ConnectivityService.Dependencies.class);
+        mListener = mock(BiConsumer.class);
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.class.getSimpleName());
+        mUseCallbacks = useCallbacks;
+        final Dependencies deps = mock(Dependencies.class);
         doReturn(useCallbacks).when(deps).isFeatureEnabled(any() /* context */,
                 eq(CARRIER_SERVICE_CHANGED_USE_CALLBACK));
+        doReturn(mHandlerThread).when(deps).makeHandlerThread();
         doReturn(SUBSCRIPTION_COUNT).when(mTelephonyManager).getActiveModemCount();
         doReturn(mTestPkg).when(mTelephonyManagerShim)
                 .getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot(anyInt());
@@ -121,8 +151,14 @@
         final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
         applicationInfo.uid = mCarrierConfigPkgUid;
         doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager).getApplicationInfo(eq(mTestPkg), anyInt());
-        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator =
-                new TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(mContext, deps, mTelephonyManager);
+        mCsHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(
+                CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.class.getSimpleName() + "-CsHandlerThread");
+        mCsHandlerThread.start();
+        mCsHandler = new Handler(mCsHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator = new TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(mContext, deps,
+                mTelephonyManager, mCsHandler);
+        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.start();
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
         final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> receiverCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
         verify(mContext).registerReceiver(receiverCaptor.capture(), argThat(filter ->
@@ -158,15 +194,17 @@
         assertNotNull(initialListeners.get(1));
         assertEquals(2, initialListeners.size());
 
-        initialListeners.get(0).onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            initialListeners.get(0).onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        });
 
         final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0));
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
 
-        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid, ncBuilder.build()));
-        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1, ncBuilder.build()));
     }
 
@@ -181,10 +219,10 @@
 
         doReturn(1).when(mTelephonyManager).getActiveModemCount();
 
-        // This is a little bit cavalier in that the call to onReceive is not on the handler
-        // thread that was specified in registerReceiver.
-        // TODO : capture the handler and call this on it if this causes flakiness.
-        mMultiSimBroadcastReceiver.onReceive(mContext, buildTestMultiSimConfigBroadcastIntent());
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            mMultiSimBroadcastReceiver.onReceive(mContext,
+                    buildTestMultiSimConfigBroadcastIntent());
+        });
         // Check all listeners have been removed
         for (CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener : initialListeners.values()) {
             verify(mTelephonyManagerShim).removeCarrierPrivilegesListener(eq(listener));
@@ -196,24 +234,49 @@
         assertNotNull(newListeners.get(0));
         assertEquals(1, newListeners.size());
 
-        newListeners.get(0).onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            newListeners.get(0).onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        });
 
-        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0);
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier =
+                new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
                 .build();
-        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid, nc));
-        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1, nc));
     }
 
     @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testCarrierPrivilegesLostDueToCarrierServiceUpdate() throws Exception {
+        final CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim l = getCarrierPrivilegesListeners().get(0);
+
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            l.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+            l.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1);
+        });
+        if (mUseCallbacks) {
+            verify(mListener).accept(eq(mCarrierConfigPkgUid), eq(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        }
+
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            l.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 2);
+        });
+        if (mUseCallbacks) {
+            verify(mListener).accept(eq(mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1), eq(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testOnCarrierPrivilegesChanged() throws Exception {
         final CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener = getCarrierPrivilegesListeners().get(0);
 
-        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0);
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier =
+                new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
@@ -222,27 +285,31 @@
         final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
         applicationInfo.uid = mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1;
         doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager).getApplicationInfo(eq(mTestPkg), anyInt());
-        listener.onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(Collections.emptyList(), new int[] {});
-        listener.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, applicationInfo.uid);
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            listener.onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(Collections.emptyList(), new int[]{});
+            listener.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, applicationInfo.uid);
+        });
 
-        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid, nc));
-        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1, nc));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultSubscription() throws Exception {
         final CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener = getCarrierPrivilegesListeners().get(0);
-        listener.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            listener.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        });
 
         final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
         ncBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid, ncBuilder.build()));
 
-        ncBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0));
-        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        ncBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid, ncBuilder.build()));
 
         // The builder for NetworkCapabilities doesn't allow removing the transport as long as a
@@ -250,8 +317,40 @@
         ncBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(null);
         ncBuilder.removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         ncBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        ncBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0));
-        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+        ncBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, ncBuilder.build()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesContainOneSubId() throws Exception {
+        final CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener = getCarrierPrivilegesListeners().get(0);
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            listener.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        });
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+        ncBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        ncBuilder.removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        ncBuilder.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, ncBuilder.build()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesContainTwoSubIds() throws Exception {
+        final CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener = getCarrierPrivilegesListeners().get(0);
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(mCsHandler, () -> {
+            listener.onCarrierServiceChanged(null, mCarrierConfigPkgUid);
+        });
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+        ncBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        ncBuilder.removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        ncBuilder.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(0, 1));
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.isCarrierServiceUidForNetworkCapabilities(
                 mCarrierConfigPkgUid, ncBuilder.build()));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
index 88044be..72dde7f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
@@ -418,21 +419,6 @@
         inOrder.verify(mDeps).generateIpv6Address(eq(BASE_IFACE),
                 eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING), eq(NAT64_PREFIX_STRING), eq(MARK));
 
-        // Open, configure and bring up the tun interface.
-        inOrder.verify(mDeps).createTunInterface(eq(STACKED_IFACE));
-        inOrder.verify(mDeps).adoptFd(eq(TUN_FD));
-        inOrder.verify(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(eq(STACKED_IFACE));
-        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetEnableIPv6(eq(STACKED_IFACE), eq(false /* enable */));
-        inOrder.verify(mDeps).detectMtu(eq(NAT64_PREFIX_STRING), eq(GOOGLE_DNS_4), eq(MARK));
-        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetMtu(eq(STACKED_IFACE),
-                eq(1472 /* ETHER_MTU(1500) - MTU_DELTA(28) */));
-        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
-                STACKED_IFACE.equals(cfg.ifName)
-                && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING.equals(cfg.ipv4Addr)
-                && (32 == cfg.prefixLength)
-                && "".equals(cfg.hwAddr)
-                && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
-
         // Open and configure 464xlat read/write sockets.
         inOrder.verify(mDeps).openPacketSocket();
         inOrder.verify(mDeps).adoptFd(eq(PACKET_SOCK_FD));
@@ -449,6 +435,21 @@
                 argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(PACKET_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)),
                 eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING), eq(BASE_IFINDEX));
 
+        // Open, configure and bring up the tun interface.
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).createTunInterface(eq(STACKED_IFACE));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).adoptFd(eq(TUN_FD));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(eq(STACKED_IFACE));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetEnableIPv6(eq(STACKED_IFACE), eq(false /* enable */));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).detectMtu(eq(NAT64_PREFIX_STRING), eq(GOOGLE_DNS_4), eq(MARK));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetMtu(eq(STACKED_IFACE),
+                eq(1472 /* ETHER_MTU(1500) - MTU_DELTA(28) */));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
+                STACKED_IFACE.equals(cfg.ifName)
+                        && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING.equals(cfg.ipv4Addr)
+                        && (32 == cfg.prefixLength)
+                        && "".equals(cfg.hwAddr)
+                        && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
+
         // Start clatd.
         inOrder.verify(mDeps).startClatd(
                 argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(TUN_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)),
@@ -526,13 +527,13 @@
                     + "v4: /192.0.0.46, v6: /2001:db8:0:b11::464, pfx96: /64:ff9b::, "
                     + "pid: 10483, cookie: 27149", dumpStrings[0].trim());
             assertEquals("Forwarding rules:", dumpStrings[1].trim());
-            assertEquals("BPF ingress map: iif nat64Prefix v6Addr -> v4Addr oif",
+            assertEquals("BPF ingress map: iif nat64Prefix v6Addr -> v4Addr oif (packets bytes)",
                     dumpStrings[2].trim());
-            assertEquals("1000 /64:ff9b::/96 /2001:db8:0:b11::464 -> /192.0.0.46 1001",
+            assertEquals("1000 /64:ff9b::/96 /2001:db8:0:b11::464 -> /192.0.0.46 1001 (0 0)",
                     dumpStrings[3].trim());
-            assertEquals("BPF egress map: iif v4Addr -> v6Addr nat64Prefix oif",
+            assertEquals("BPF egress map: iif v4Addr -> v6Addr nat64Prefix oif (packets bytes)",
                     dumpStrings[4].trim());
-            assertEquals("1001 /192.0.0.46 -> /2001:db8:0:b11::464 /64:ff9b::/96 1000 ether",
+            assertEquals("1001 /192.0.0.46 -> /2001:db8:0:b11::464 /64:ff9b::/96 1000 ether (0 0)",
                     dumpStrings[5].trim());
         } else {
             assertEquals(1, dumpStrings.length);
@@ -630,9 +631,13 @@
             public int createTunInterface(@NonNull String tuniface) throws IOException {
                 throw new IOException();
             }
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getBpfCookieTagMap() {
+                return  mock(IBpfMap.class);
+            }
         }
         checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), false /* needToCloseTunFd */,
-                false /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, false /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
+                true /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, true /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -643,9 +648,14 @@
                     throws IOException {
                 throw new IOException();
             }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getBpfCookieTagMap() {
+                return  mock(IBpfMap.class);
+            }
         }
         checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), true /* needToCloseTunFd */,
-                false /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, false /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
+                true /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, true /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -656,7 +666,7 @@
                 throw new IOException();
             }
         }
-        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), true /* needToCloseTunFd */,
+        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), false /* needToCloseTunFd */,
                 false /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, false /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 
@@ -668,7 +678,7 @@
                 throw new IOException();
             }
         }
-        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), true /* needToCloseTunFd */,
+        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), false /* needToCloseTunFd */,
                 true /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, false /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 
@@ -681,7 +691,7 @@
                 throw new IOException();
             }
         }
-        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), true /* needToCloseTunFd */,
+        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), false /* needToCloseTunFd */,
                 true /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, true /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 
@@ -694,7 +704,7 @@
                 throw new IOException();
             }
         }
-        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), true /* needToCloseTunFd */,
+        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), false /* needToCloseTunFd */,
                 true /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, true /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 
@@ -721,7 +731,7 @@
                 throw new IOException();
             }
         }
-        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), true /* needToCloseTunFd */,
+        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), false /* needToCloseTunFd */,
                 true /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, true /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 
@@ -733,7 +743,7 @@
                 return null;
             }
         }
-        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), true /* needToCloseTunFd */,
+        checkNotStartClat(new FailureDependencies(), false /* needToCloseTunFd */,
                 true /* needToClosePacketSockFd */, true /* needToCloseRawSockFd */);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
index 545ed16..ea3d2dd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT;
@@ -28,8 +29,6 @@
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsExactly;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsStringsExactly;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -37,12 +36,12 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
-import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -121,28 +119,6 @@
         assertFieldCountEquals(3, ResolverOptionsParcel.class);
     }
 
-    private void assertResolverParamsEquals(@NonNull ResolverParamsParcel actual,
-            @NonNull ResolverParamsParcel expected) {
-        assertEquals(actual.netId, expected.netId);
-        assertEquals(actual.sampleValiditySeconds, expected.sampleValiditySeconds);
-        assertEquals(actual.successThreshold, expected.successThreshold);
-        assertEquals(actual.minSamples, expected.minSamples);
-        assertEquals(actual.maxSamples, expected.maxSamples);
-        assertEquals(actual.baseTimeoutMsec, expected.baseTimeoutMsec);
-        assertEquals(actual.retryCount, expected.retryCount);
-        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.servers, expected.servers);
-        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.domains, expected.domains);
-        assertEquals(actual.tlsName, expected.tlsName);
-        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.tlsServers, expected.tlsServers);
-        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.tlsFingerprints, expected.tlsFingerprints);
-        assertEquals(actual.caCertificate, expected.caCertificate);
-        assertEquals(actual.tlsConnectTimeoutMs, expected.tlsConnectTimeoutMs);
-        assertResolverOptionsEquals(actual.resolverOptions, expected.resolverOptions);
-        assertContainsExactly(actual.transportTypes, expected.transportTypes);
-        assertEquals(actual.meteredNetwork, expected.meteredNetwork);
-        assertFieldCountEquals(17, ResolverParamsParcel.class);
-    }
-
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
@@ -328,14 +304,14 @@
     public void testOverrideDefaultMode() throws Exception {
         // Hard-coded default is opportunistic mode.
         final PrivateDnsConfig cfgAuto = DnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(mCtx);
-        assertTrue(cfgAuto.useTls);
+        assertEquals(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, cfgAuto.mode);
         assertEquals("", cfgAuto.hostname);
         assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], cfgAuto.ips);
 
         // Pretend a gservices push sets the default to "off".
         ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(mCtx, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF);
         final PrivateDnsConfig cfgOff = DnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(mCtx);
-        assertFalse(cfgOff.useTls);
+        assertEquals(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, cfgOff.mode);
         assertEquals("", cfgOff.hostname);
         assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], cfgOff.ips);
 
@@ -343,7 +319,7 @@
         ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mCtx, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME);
         ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsHostname(mCtx, "strictmode.com");
         final PrivateDnsConfig cfgStrict = DnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(mCtx);
-        assertTrue(cfgStrict.useTls);
+        assertEquals(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME, cfgStrict.mode);
         assertEquals("strictmode.com", cfgStrict.hostname);
         assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], cfgStrict.ips);
     }
@@ -363,11 +339,6 @@
         mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
         mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
 
-        final ArgumentCaptor<ResolverParamsParcel> resolverParamsParcelCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ResolverParamsParcel.class);
-        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).setResolverConfiguration(
-                resolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
-        final ResolverParamsParcel actualParams = resolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         final ResolverParamsParcel expectedParams = new ResolverParamsParcel();
         expectedParams.netId = TEST_NETID;
         expectedParams.sampleValiditySeconds = TEST_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS;
@@ -381,7 +352,9 @@
         expectedParams.transportTypes = TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES;
         expectedParams.resolverOptions = null;
         expectedParams.meteredNetwork = true;
-        assertResolverParamsEquals(actualParams, expectedParams);
+        expectedParams.dohParams = null;
+        expectedParams.interfaceNames = new String[]{TEST_IFACENAME};
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).setResolverConfiguration(eq(expectedParams));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -417,7 +390,7 @@
 
         // The PrivateDnsConfig map is empty, so the default PRIVATE_DNS_OFF is returned.
         PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
-        assertFalse(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, privateDnsCfg.mode);
         assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
         assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
 
@@ -429,7 +402,7 @@
                         VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
         mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
         privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
-        assertTrue(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, privateDnsCfg.mode);
         assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
         assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
 
@@ -437,14 +410,14 @@
         mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(network, new PrivateDnsConfig(tlsName, tlsAddrs));
         mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
         privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
-        assertTrue(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME, privateDnsCfg.mode);
         assertEquals(tlsName, privateDnsCfg.hostname);
         assertEquals(tlsAddrs, privateDnsCfg.ips);
 
         // The network is removed, so the PrivateDnsConfig map becomes empty again.
         mDnsManager.removeNetwork(network);
         privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
-        assertFalse(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, privateDnsCfg.mode);
         assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
         assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
index 52b05aa..ab1e467 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityLog;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.MULTIPLE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.WIFI;
-
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
@@ -43,17 +42,14 @@
 import android.net.metrics.ValidationProbeEvent;
 import android.net.metrics.WakeupStats;
 import android.os.Build;
-import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
-
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityEvent;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
 // TODO: instead of comparing textpb to textpb, parse textpb and compare proto to proto.
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
index 5881a8e..91626d2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETADDRINFO;
 import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME;
-
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
@@ -50,14 +49,14 @@
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.Base64;
-
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import com.android.internal.util.BitUtils;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -65,9 +64,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-import java.io.PrintWriter;
-import java.io.StringWriter;
-
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java
index 1b964e2..294dacb 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java
@@ -1297,8 +1297,8 @@
 
         assertTrue(mKeepaliveStatsTracker.allMetricsExpected(dailyKeepaliveInfoReported));
 
-        // Write time after 26 hours.
-        final int writeTime2 = 26 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+        // Write time after 27 hours.
+        final int writeTime2 = 27 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
         setElapsedRealtime(writeTime2);
 
         visibleOnHandlerThread(mTestHandler, () -> mKeepaliveStatsTracker.writeAndResetMetrics());
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c994f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity
+
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor
+import android.os.SystemClock
+import android.os.test.TestLooper
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMf6cctl
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMrt6Msg
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+import java.net.DatagramPacket
+import java.net.DatagramSocket
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.net.MulticastSocket
+import java.net.NetworkInterface
+import java.time.Clock
+import java.time.Instant
+import java.time.ZoneId
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000L
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+class MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest {
+
+    // mocks are lateinit as they need to be setup between tests
+    @Mock private lateinit var mDeps: MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.Dependencies
+    @Mock private lateinit var mMulticastSocket: MulticastSocket
+
+    val mSock = DatagramSocket()
+    val mPfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromDatagramSocket(mSock)
+    val mFd = mPfd.getFileDescriptor()
+    val mIfName1 = "interface1"
+    val mIfName2 = "interface2"
+    val mIfName3 = "interface3"
+    val mIfPhysicalIndex1 = 10
+    val mIfPhysicalIndex2 = 11
+    val mIfPhysicalIndex3 = 12
+    val mSourceAddress = Inet6Address.getByName("2000::8888") as Inet6Address
+    val mGroupAddressScope5 = Inet6Address.getByName("ff05::1234") as Inet6Address
+    val mGroupAddressScope4 = Inet6Address.getByName("ff04::1234") as Inet6Address
+    val mGroupAddressScope3 = Inet6Address.getByName("ff03::1234") as Inet6Address
+    val mSocketAddressScope5 = InetSocketAddress(mGroupAddressScope5, 0)
+    val mSocketAddressScope4 = InetSocketAddress(mGroupAddressScope4, 0)
+    val mEmptyOifs = setOf<Int>()
+    val mClock = FakeClock()
+    val mNetworkInterface1 = createEmptyNetworkInterface()
+    val mNetworkInterface2 = createEmptyNetworkInterface()
+    // MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService needs to be initialized after the dependencies
+    // are mocked.
+    lateinit var mService: MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
+    lateinit var mLooper: TestLooper
+
+    class FakeClock() : Clock() {
+        private var offsetMs = 0L
+
+        fun fastForward(ms: Long) {
+            offsetMs += ms
+        }
+
+        override fun instant(): Instant {
+            return Instant.now().plusMillis(offsetMs)
+        }
+
+        override fun getZone(): ZoneId {
+            throw RuntimeException("Not implemented");
+        }
+
+        override fun withZone(zone: ZoneId): Clock {
+            throw RuntimeException("Not implemented");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+        doReturn(mClock).`when`(mDeps).getClock()
+        doReturn(mFd).`when`(mDeps).createMulticastRoutingSocket()
+        doReturn(mMulticastSocket).`when`(mDeps).createMulticastSocket()
+        doReturn(mIfPhysicalIndex1).`when`(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(mIfName1)
+        doReturn(mIfPhysicalIndex2).`when`(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(mIfName2)
+        doReturn(mIfPhysicalIndex3).`when`(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(mIfName3)
+        doReturn(mNetworkInterface1).`when`(mDeps).getNetworkInterface(mIfPhysicalIndex1)
+        doReturn(mNetworkInterface2).`when`(mDeps).getNetworkInterface(mIfPhysicalIndex2)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        mSock.close()
+    }
+
+    // Functions under @Before and @Test run in different threads,
+    // (i.e. androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner vs Time-limited test)
+    // MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService requires the jobs are run on the thread looper,
+    // so TestLooper needs to be created inside each test case to install the
+    // correct looper.
+    fun prepareService() {
+        mLooper = TestLooper()
+        val handler = Handler(mLooper.getLooper())
+
+        mService = MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(handler, mDeps)
+    }
+
+    private fun createEmptyNetworkInterface(): NetworkInterface {
+        val constructor = NetworkInterface::class.java.getDeclaredConstructor()
+        constructor.isAccessible = true
+        return constructor.newInstance()
+    }
+
+    private fun createStructMf6cctl(src: Inet6Address, dst: Inet6Address, iifIdx: Int,
+            oifSet: Set<Int>): StructMf6cctl {
+        return StructMf6cctl(src, dst, iifIdx, oifSet)
+    }
+
+    // Send a MRT6MSG_NOCACHE packet to sock, to indicate a packet has arrived without matching MulticastRoutingCache
+    private fun sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(interfaceVirtualIndex: Int,
+            source: Inet6Address, destination: Inet6Address) {
+        mLooper.dispatchAll() // let MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService handle all msgs first to
+                              // apply any possible multicast routing config changes
+        val mrt6Msg = StructMrt6Msg(0 /* mbz must be 0 */, StructMrt6Msg.MRT6MSG_NOCACHE,
+                interfaceVirtualIndex, source, destination)
+        mLooper.getNewExecutor().execute({ mService.handleMulticastNocacheUpcall(mrt6Msg) })
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+    }
+
+    private fun applyMulticastForwardNone(fromIf: String, toIf: String) {
+        val configNone = MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE
+
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIf, toIf, configNone)
+    }
+
+    private fun applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(fromIf: String, toIf: String, minScope: Int) {
+        val configMinimumScope = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, minScope).build()
+
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIf, toIf, configMinimumScope)
+    }
+
+    private fun applyMulticastForwardSelected(fromIf: String, toIf: String) {
+        val configSelected = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5).build()
+
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIf, toIf, configSelected)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor_multicastRoutingSocketIsCreated() {
+        prepareService()
+        verify(mDeps).createMulticastRoutingSocket()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyForwardNone() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        // Both interfaces are not added as multicast routing interfaces
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6AddMif(eq(mFd), any())
+        // No MFC should be added for FORWARD_NONE
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), any())
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyForwardMinimumScope() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        // No MFC is added for FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), any())
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2).getForwardingMode())
+        assertEquals(4, mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2).getMinimumScope())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addressScopelargerThanMinScope_allowMfcIsAdded() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+        val oifs = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        val mf6cctl = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifs)
+
+        // simulate a MRT6MSG_NOCACHE upcall for a packet sent to group address of scope 5
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5)
+
+        // an MFC is added for the packet
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctl))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addressScopeSmallerThanMinScope_blockingMfcIsAdded() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4)
+        val mf6cctl = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope3,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+
+        // simulate a MRT6MSG_NOCACHE upcall when a packet should not be forwarded
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope3)
+
+        // a blocking MFC is added
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctl))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyForwardSelected_joinsGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2).getForwardingMode())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addListeningAddressInForwardSelected_joinsGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        val configSelectedNoAddress = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED).build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedNoAddress)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        val configSelectedWithAddresses = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope4)
+            .build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedWithAddresses)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope4), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_removeListeningAddressInForwardSelected_leavesGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+        val configSelectedWith2Addresses = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope4)
+            .build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedWith2Addresses)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope4), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+
+        // remove the scope4 address
+        val configSelectedWith1Address = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5)
+            .build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedWith1Address)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).leaveGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope4), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        verify(mMulticastSocket, never())
+                .leaveGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_fromForwardSelectedToForwardNone_leavesGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).leaveGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_fromFowardSelectedToForwardNone_removesMulticastInterfaces() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName3)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addMulticastRoutingInterfaces() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        assertNotEquals(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1),
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_removeMulticastRoutingInterfaces() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mService.removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(mIfName1)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyConfigNone_removesMfc() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName3)
+
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5)
+        val oifs = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2),
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+        val oifsUpdate = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+        val mf6cctlAdd = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifs)
+        val mf6cctlUpdate = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifsUpdate)
+        val mf6cctlDel = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+        val ifName1Copy = String(mIfName1.toCharArray())
+        val ifName2Copy = String(mIfName2.toCharArray())
+        val ifName3Copy = String(mIfName3.toCharArray())
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlAdd))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(ifName1Copy, ifName2Copy)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlUpdate))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(ifName1Copy, ifName3Copy)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlDel))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @LargeTest
+    fun testMulticastRouting_maxNumberOfMfcs() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        // add MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES MFCs
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        for (i in 1..MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES) {
+            val groupAddress =
+                Inet6Address.getByName("ff05::" + Integer.toHexString(i)) as Inet6Address
+            sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, groupAddress)
+        }
+        val mf6cctlDel = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress,
+                Inet6Address.getByName("ff05::1" ) as Inet6Address,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+
+        verify(mDeps, times(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES)).
+            setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), any())
+        // when number of mfcs reaches the max value, one mfc should be removed
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlDel))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_interfaceWithoutActiveConfig_isRemoved() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+        val virtualIndexIf1 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1)
+        val virtualIndexIf2 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2)
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf1))
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_interfaceWithActiveConfig_isNotRemoved() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName2, mIfName3, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+        val virtualIndexIf1 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1)
+        val virtualIndexIf2 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2)
+        val virtualIndexIf3 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3)
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf1))
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf2))
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf3))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_unusedMfc_isRemovedAfterTimeout() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5)
+        val oifs = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        val mf6cctlAdd = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifs)
+        val mf6cctlDel = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+
+        // An MFC is added
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlAdd))
+
+        repeat(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS /
+                MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS + 1) {
+            mClock.fastForward(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
+                    .MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS.toLong())
+            mLooper.moveTimeForward(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
+                    .MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS.toLong())
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        }
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlDel))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
index d667662..89e2a51 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETADDRINFO;
 import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME;
-
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertStringContains;
-
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
@@ -34,27 +32,23 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.Base64;
-
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityEvent;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-
-import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.List;
+import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
index b319c30..7121ed4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
@@ -107,12 +108,16 @@
     private static final long TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L;
     private static final long UI_AUTOMATOR_WAIT_TIME_MILLIS = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS;
 
-    static final NetworkCapabilities CELL_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
-    static final NetworkCapabilities WIFI_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
-    static final NetworkCapabilities VPN_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
+    private static final int TEST_SUB_ID = 43;
+    private static final String TEST_OPERATOR_NAME = "Test Operator";
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CELL_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities WIFI_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities VPN_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
     static {
         CELL_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         CELL_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        CELL_CAPABILITIES.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUB_ID).build());
 
         WIFI_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         WIFI_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
@@ -149,6 +154,7 @@
     @Mock DisplayMetrics mDisplayMetrics;
     @Mock PackageManager mPm;
     @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock TelephonyManager mTestSubIdTelephonyManager;
     @Mock NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
     @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mWifiNai;
     @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mCellNai;
@@ -170,18 +176,21 @@
         mVpnNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
         mDisplayMetrics.density = 2.275f;
         doReturn(true).when(mVpnNai).isVPN();
-        when(mCtx.getResources()).thenReturn(mResources);
-        when(mCtx.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPm);
-        when(mCtx.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(new ApplicationInfo());
+        doReturn(mResources).when(mCtx).getResources();
+        doReturn(mPm).when(mCtx).getPackageManager();
+        doReturn(new ApplicationInfo()).when(mCtx).getApplicationInfo();
         final Context asUserCtx = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mCtx));
         doReturn(UserHandle.ALL).when(asUserCtx).getUser();
-        when(mCtx.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.ALL), anyInt())).thenReturn(asUserCtx);
-        when(mCtx.getSystemService(eq(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)))
-                .thenReturn(mNotificationManager);
-        when(mNetworkInfo.getExtraInfo()).thenReturn(TEST_EXTRA_INFO);
+        doReturn(asUserCtx).when(mCtx).createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.ALL), anyInt());
+        doReturn(mNotificationManager).when(mCtx)
+                .getSystemService(eq(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE));
+        doReturn(TEST_EXTRA_INFO).when(mNetworkInfo).getExtraInfo();
         ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mCtx);
-        when(mResources.getColor(anyInt(), any())).thenReturn(0xFF607D8B);
-        when(mResources.getDisplayMetrics()).thenReturn(mDisplayMetrics);
+        doReturn(0xFF607D8B).when(mResources).getColor(anyInt(), any());
+        doReturn(mDisplayMetrics).when(mResources).getDisplayMetrics();
+        doReturn(mTestSubIdTelephonyManager).when(mTelephonyManager)
+                .createForSubscriptionId(TEST_SUB_ID);
+        doReturn(TEST_OPERATOR_NAME).when(mTestSubIdTelephonyManager).getNetworkOperatorName();
 
         // Come up with some credible-looking transport names. The actual values do not matter.
         String[] transportNames = new String[NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT + 1];
@@ -532,4 +541,44 @@
                 R.string.wifi_no_internet, TEST_EXTRA_INFO,
                 R.string.wifi_no_internet_detailed);
     }
+
+    private void runTelephonySignInNotificationTest(String testTitle, String testContents) {
+        final int id = 101;
+        final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
+        mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mCellNai, null, null, false);
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Notification> noteCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Notification.class);
+        verify(mNotificationManager).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), noteCaptor.capture());
+        final Bundle noteExtras = noteCaptor.getValue().extras;
+        assertEquals(testTitle, noteExtras.getString(Notification.EXTRA_TITLE));
+        assertEquals(testContents, noteExtras.getString(Notification.EXTRA_TEXT));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTelephonySignInNotification() {
+        final String testTitle = "Telephony no internet title";
+        final String testContents = "Add data for " + TEST_OPERATOR_NAME;
+        // The test does not use real resources as they are in the ConnectivityResources package,
+        // which is tricky to use (requires resolving the package, QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission).
+        doReturn(testTitle).when(mResources).getString(
+                R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet);
+        doReturn(testContents).when(mResources).getString(
+                R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed, TEST_OPERATOR_NAME);
+
+        runTelephonySignInNotificationTest(testTitle, testContents);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTelephonySignInNotification_NoOperator() {
+        doReturn("").when(mTestSubIdTelephonyManager).getNetworkOperatorName();
+
+        final String testTitle = "Telephony no internet title";
+        final String testContents = "Add data";
+        doReturn(testTitle).when(mResources).getString(
+                R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet);
+        doReturn(testContents).when(mResources).getString(
+                R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier);
+
+        runTelephonySignInNotificationTest(testTitle, testContents);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
index 87f7369..1e3f389 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
@@ -18,12 +18,9 @@
 
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL as NET_CAP_PORTAL
-import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET as NET_CAP_INTERNET
-import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH as NET_CAP_PRIO_BW
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
-import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY
 import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_EXITING as EXITING
 import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY as PRIMARY
 import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI as YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI
@@ -53,8 +50,8 @@
 class NetworkRankerTest(private val activelyPreferBadWifi: Boolean) {
     private val mRanker = NetworkRanker(NetworkRanker.Configuration(activelyPreferBadWifi))
 
-    private class TestScore(private val sc: FullScore, private val nc: NetworkCapabilities) :
-            NetworkRanker.Scoreable {
+    private class TestScore(private val sc: FullScore, private val nc: NetworkCapabilities)
+            : NetworkRanker.Scoreable {
         override fun getScore() = sc
         override fun getCapsNoCopy(): NetworkCapabilities = nc
     }
@@ -199,41 +196,4 @@
         val badExitingWifi = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED, EVER_VALIDATED, EXITING), CAPS_WIFI)
         assertEquals(cell, rank(cell, badExitingWifi))
     }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testValidatedPolicyStrongerThanSlice() {
-        val unvalidatedNonslice = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAP_INTERNET))
-        val slice = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED, IS_VALIDATED),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAP_INTERNET, NET_CAP_PRIO_BW))
-        assertEquals(slice, rank(slice, unvalidatedNonslice))
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testPrimaryPolicyStrongerThanSlice() {
-        val nonslice = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAP_INTERNET))
-        val primarySlice = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED, POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAP_INTERNET, NET_CAP_PRIO_BW))
-        assertEquals(primarySlice, rank(nonslice, primarySlice))
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testPreferNonSlices() {
-        // Slices lose to non-slices for general ranking
-        val nonslice = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED, IS_VALIDATED),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAP_INTERNET))
-        val slice = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED, IS_VALIDATED),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAP_INTERNET, NET_CAP_PRIO_BW))
-        assertEquals(nonslice, rank(slice, nonslice))
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testSlicePolicyStrongerThanTransport() {
-        val nonSliceCell = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED, IS_VALIDATED),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAP_INTERNET))
-        val sliceWifi = TestScore(score(EVER_EVALUATED, IS_VALIDATED),
-                caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAP_INTERNET, NET_CAP_PRIO_BW))
-        assertEquals(nonSliceCell, rank(nonSliceCell, sliceWifi))
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44a645a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkRequestStateInfoTest {
+
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkRequestRemoved() {
+        final long nrStartTime = 1L;
+        final long nrEndTime = 101L;
+
+        NetworkRequest notMeteredWifiNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest(
+                new NetworkCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                        .setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, true),
+                0, 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST
+        );
+
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR received time
+        Mockito.when(mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrStartTime);
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(
+                notMeteredWifiNetworkRequest, mDependencies);
+
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR removed time
+        Mockito.when(mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrEndTime);
+        networkRequestStateInfo.setNetworkRequestRemoved();
+        assertEquals(
+                nrEndTime - nrStartTime,
+                networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+        assertEquals(networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType(),
+                NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckInitialState() {
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(
+                new NetworkRequest(new NetworkCapabilities(), 0, 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST),
+                mDependencies);
+        assertEquals(networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType(),
+                NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dc0528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Message;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest {
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.Dependencies mNRStateStatsDeps;
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies mNRStateInfoDeps;
+    @Captor
+    private ArgumentCaptor<Handler> mHandlerCaptor;
+    @Captor
+    private ArgumentCaptor<Integer> mMessageWhatCaptor;
+
+    private NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private static final int TEST_REQUEST_ID = 10;
+    private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID = 20;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+    private static final NetworkRequest NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST = new NetworkRequest(
+            new NetworkCapabilities()
+                    .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    .setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, true)
+                    .setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET, false)
+                    .setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+            0, TEST_REQUEST_ID, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST
+    );
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics");
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateStatsDeps.makeHandlerThread("NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics"))
+                .thenReturn(mHandlerThread);
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateStatsDeps.getMillisSinceEvent(anyLong())).thenReturn(0L);
+        Mockito.doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            mHandlerCaptor.getValue().sendMessage(
+                    Message.obtain(mHandlerCaptor.getValue(), mMessageWhatCaptor.getValue()));
+            return null;
+        }).when(mNRStateStatsDeps).sendMessageDelayed(
+                mHandlerCaptor.capture(), mMessageWhatCaptor.capture(), anyLong());
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics = new NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(
+                mNRStateStatsDeps, mNRStateInfoDeps);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRequestReceivedRemoved() {
+        final long nrStartTime = 1L;
+        final long nrEndTime = 101L;
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR received time
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateInfoDeps.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrStartTime);
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkRequestStateInfo> networkRequestStateInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .writeStats(networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.capture());
+
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo nrStateInfoSent = networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED,
+                nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType());
+        assertEquals(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST.requestId, nrStateInfoSent.getRequestId());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, nrStateInfoSent.getPackageUid());
+        assertEquals(1 << NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI, nrStateInfoSent.getTransportTypes());
+        assertTrue(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityNotMetered());
+        assertFalse(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityInternet());
+        assertEquals(0, nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+
+        clearInvocations(mNRStateStatsDeps);
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR removed time
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateInfoDeps.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrEndTime);
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .writeStats(networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.capture());
+
+        nrStateInfoSent = networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED,
+                nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType());
+        assertEquals(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST.requestId, nrStateInfoSent.getRequestId());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, nrStateInfoSent.getPackageUid());
+        assertEquals(1 << NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI, nrStateInfoSent.getTransportTypes());
+        assertTrue(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityNotMetered());
+        assertFalse(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityInternet());
+        assertEquals(nrEndTime - nrStartTime, nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnreceivedNetworkRequestRemoved() {
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, never())
+                .writeStats(any(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoMessagesWhenNetworkRequestReceived() {
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .writeStats(any(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class));
+
+        clearInvocations(mNRStateStatsDeps);
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, never())
+                .writeStats(any(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMessageQueueSizeLimitNotExceeded() {
+        // Imitate many events (MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS) are coming together at once while
+        // the other event is being processed.
+        final ConditionVariable cv = new ConditionVariable();
+        mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler().post(() -> cv.block());
+        for (int i = 0; i < NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS / 2; i++) {
+            mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(new NetworkRequest(
+                    new NetworkCapabilities().setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+                    0, i + 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
+            mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(new NetworkRequest(
+                    new NetworkCapabilities().setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+                    0, i + 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
+        }
+
+        // When event queue is full, all other events should be dropped.
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(new NetworkRequest(
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+                0, 2 * NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS + 1,
+                NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
+
+        cv.open();
+
+        // Check only first MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS events are logged.
+        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkRequestStateInfo> networkRequestStateInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(
+                NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS))
+                .writeStats(networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.capture());
+        for (int i = 0; i < NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo nrStateInfoSent =
+                    networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(i);
+            assertEquals(i / 2 + 1, nrStateInfoSent.getRequestId());
+            assertEquals(
+                    (i % 2 == 0)
+                            ? NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED
+                            : NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED,
+                    nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
index 12758c6..4e15d5f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
@@ -18,14 +18,17 @@
 
 import android.net.INetd
 import android.os.Build
+import android.util.Log
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
 import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
@@ -46,9 +49,15 @@
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward("from2", "to1")
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward("from2", "to1")
 
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalStateException> {
-            // Can't add the same pair again
+        val hasFailed = AtomicBoolean(false)
+        val prevHandler = Log.setWtfHandler { tag, what, system ->
+            hasFailed.set(true)
+        }
+        tryTest {
             mService.addInterfaceForward("from2", "to1")
+            assertTrue(hasFailed.get())
+        } cleanup {
+            Log.setWtfHandler(prevHandler)
         }
 
         mService.removeInterfaceForward("from1", "to1")
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessControllerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessControllerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7885325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessControllerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.connectivity
+
+import android.Manifest
+import android.app.role.OnRoleHoldersChangedListener
+import android.app.role.RoleManager
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.IntentFilter
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.UserHandle
+import android.os.UserManager
+import android.util.ArraySet
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor
+import java.util.function.Consumer
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+private const val PRIMARY_USER = 0
+private const val SECONDARY_USER = 10
+private val PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE = UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER)
+private val SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE = UserHandle.of(SECONDARY_USER)
+
+// sms app names
+private const val SMS_APP1 = "sms_app_1"
+private const val SMS_APP2 = "sms_app_2"
+
+// sms app ids
+private const val SMS_APP_ID1 = 100
+private const val SMS_APP_ID2 = 101
+
+// UID for app1 and app2 on primary user
+// These app could become default sms app for user1
+private val PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1 = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, SMS_APP_ID1)
+private val PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2 = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, SMS_APP_ID2)
+
+// UID for app1 and app2 on secondary user
+// These app could become default sms app for user2
+private val SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1 = UserHandle.getUid(SECONDARY_USER, SMS_APP_ID1)
+private val SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2 = UserHandle.getUid(SECONDARY_USER, SMS_APP_ID2)
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+class SatelliteAccessControllerTest {
+    private val context = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val primaryUserContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val secondaryUserContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val mPackageManagerPrimaryUser = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
+    private val mPackageManagerSecondaryUser = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
+    private val mDeps = mock(SatelliteAccessController.Dependencies::class.java)
+    private val mCallback = mock(Consumer::class.java) as Consumer<Set<Int>>
+    private val userManager = mock(UserManager::class.java)
+    private val mHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+    private var mSatelliteAccessController =
+        SatelliteAccessController(context, mDeps, mCallback, mHandler)
+    private lateinit var mRoleHolderChangedListener: OnRoleHoldersChangedListener
+    private lateinit var mUserRemovedReceiver: BroadcastReceiver
+
+    private fun <T> mockService(name: String, clazz: Class<T>, service: T) {
+        doReturn(name).`when`(context).getSystemServiceName(clazz)
+        doReturn(service).`when`(context).getSystemService(name)
+        if (context.getSystemService(clazz) == null) {
+            // Test is using mockito-extended
+            doReturn(service).`when`(context).getSystemService(clazz)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    @Throws(PackageManager.NameNotFoundException::class)
+    fun setup() {
+        doReturn(emptyList<UserHandle>()).`when`(userManager).getUserHandles(true)
+        mockService(Context.USER_SERVICE, UserManager::class.java, userManager)
+
+        doReturn(primaryUserContext).`when`(context).createContextAsUser(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, 0)
+        doReturn(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser).`when`(primaryUserContext).packageManager
+
+        doReturn(secondaryUserContext).`when`(context).createContextAsUser(SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE, 0)
+        doReturn(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser).`when`(secondaryUserContext).packageManager
+
+        for (app in listOf(SMS_APP1, SMS_APP2)) {
+            doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
+                .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
+                .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, app)
+            doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
+                .`when`(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser)
+                .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, app)
+        }
+
+        // Initialise message application primary user package1
+        val applicationInfo1 = ApplicationInfo()
+        applicationInfo1.uid = PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1
+        doReturn(applicationInfo1)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
+            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP1), anyInt())
+
+        // Initialise message application primary user package2
+        val applicationInfo2 = ApplicationInfo()
+        applicationInfo2.uid = PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2
+        doReturn(applicationInfo2)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
+            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP2), anyInt())
+
+        // Initialise message application secondary user package1
+        val applicationInfo3 = ApplicationInfo()
+        applicationInfo3.uid = SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1
+        doReturn(applicationInfo3)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser)
+            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP1), anyInt())
+
+        // Initialise message application secondary user package2
+        val applicationInfo4 = ApplicationInfo()
+        applicationInfo4.uid = SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2
+        doReturn(applicationInfo4)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser)
+            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP2), anyInt())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_SatelliteFallbackUid_Changed_SingleUser() {
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
+
+        // check DEFAULT_MESSAGING_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+
+        // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network Fallback uid
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
+
+        // check no uid is available as satellite network fallback uid
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(ArraySet())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_NoSatelliteCommunicationPermission() {
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        doReturn(listOf<Any>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
+
+        // check DEFAULT_MESSAGING_APP1 is not available as satellite network fallback uid
+        // since satellite communication permission not available.
+        doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
+            .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, SMS_APP1)
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_RoleSms_NotAvailable() {
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_BROWSER,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_SatelliteNetworkFallbackUid_Changed_multiUser() {
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
+
+        // check SMS_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+
+        // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
+
+        // check SMS_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2, SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+
+        // check no uid is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+
+        // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2))
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
+
+        // check no uid is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(ArraySet())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun test_SatelliteFallbackUidCallback_OnUserRemoval() {
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
+
+        // check SMS_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2, SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+
+        val userRemovalIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED)
+        userRemovalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mUserRemovedReceiver.onReceive(context, userRemovalIntent)
+        verify(mCallback, times(2)).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOnStartUpCallbackSatelliteFallbackUidWithExistingUsers() {
+        doReturn(
+            listOf(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        ).`when`(userManager).getUserHandles(true)
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        // At start up, SatelliteAccessController must call CS callback with existing users'
+        // default messaging apps uids.
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        verify(mCallback, timeout(500)).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+    }
+
+    private fun startSatelliteAccessController() {
+        mSatelliteAccessController.start()
+        // Get registered listener using captor
+        val listenerCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(OnRoleHoldersChangedListener::class.java)
+        verify(mDeps).addOnRoleHoldersChangedListenerAsUser(
+            any(Executor::class.java),
+            listenerCaptor.capture(),
+            any(UserHandle::class.java)
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener = listenerCaptor.value
+
+        // Get registered receiver using captor
+        val userRemovedReceiverCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver::class.java)
+        verify(context).registerReceiver(
+            userRemovedReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+            any(IntentFilter::class.java),
+            isNull(),
+            any(Handler::class.java)
+        )
+         mUserRemovedReceiver = userRemovedReceiverCaptor.value
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 48cfe77..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3482 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.connectivity;
-
-import static android.Manifest.permission.BIND_VPN_SERVICE;
-import static android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN;
-import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
-import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
-import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_DOWN;
-import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
-import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
-import static android.net.VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.TEST_IDENTITY;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.getTestIkeSessionParams;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConfiguration.EXTENSION_TYPE_MOBIKE;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_NONE;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV6;
-import static android.os.UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
-import static android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CONFIG_APPLIED_BOOL;
-import static android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.KEY_MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT;
-import static android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.KEY_PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_INT;
-
-import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_MIN_MTU;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.DEFAULT_LONG_LIVED_TCP_CONNS_EXPENSIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_AUTO;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_ESP;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_UDP;
-import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
-import static com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils.waitForIdleSerialExecutor;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.longThat;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.after;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
-
-import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
-import android.app.AppOpsManager;
-import android.app.NotificationManager;
-import android.app.PendingIntent;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
-import android.content.pm.ServiceInfo;
-import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
-import android.content.res.Resources;
-import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.INetd;
-import android.net.Ikev2VpnProfile;
-import android.net.InetAddresses;
-import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
-import android.net.IpPrefix;
-import android.net.IpSecConfig;
-import android.net.IpSecManager;
-import android.net.IpSecTransform;
-import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
-import android.net.LinkAddress;
-import android.net.LinkProperties;
-import android.net.LocalSocket;
-import android.net.Network;
-import android.net.NetworkAgent;
-import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
-import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
-import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
-import android.net.RouteInfo;
-import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
-import android.net.UidRangeParcel;
-import android.net.VpnManager;
-import android.net.VpnProfileState;
-import android.net.VpnService;
-import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.ChildSessionCallback;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.ChildSessionConfiguration;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeFqdnIdentification;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionCallback;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConfiguration;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConnectionInfo;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTrafficSelector;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeNetworkLostException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeNonProtocolException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeProtocolException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeTimeoutException;
-import android.net.vcn.VcnTransportInfo;
-import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
-import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.ConditionVariable;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
-import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
-import android.os.PersistableBundle;
-import android.os.PowerWhitelistManager;
-import android.os.Process;
-import android.os.UserHandle;
-import android.os.UserManager;
-import android.os.test.TestLooper;
-import android.provider.Settings;
-import android.security.Credentials;
-import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
-import android.telephony.SubscriptionInfo;
-import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
-import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
-import android.util.ArrayMap;
-import android.util.ArraySet;
-import android.util.Pair;
-import android.util.Range;
-
-import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-
-import com.android.internal.R;
-import com.android.internal.net.LegacyVpnInfo;
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
-import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
-import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.server.DeviceIdleInternal;
-import com.android.server.IpSecService;
-import com.android.server.VpnTestBase;
-import com.android.server.vcn.util.PersistableBundleUtils;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
-import org.mockito.Answers;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.InOrder;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-
-import java.io.BufferedWriter;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.FileWriter;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.StringWriter;
-import java.net.Inet4Address;
-import java.net.Inet6Address;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.SortedSet;
-import java.util.TreeSet;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.regex.Matcher;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
-
-/**
- * Tests for {@link Vpn}.
- *
- * Build, install and run with:
- *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.VpnTest
- */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
-@SmallTest
-public class VpnTest extends VpnTestBase {
-    private static final String TAG = "VpnTest";
-
-    @Rule
-    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
-
-    static final Network EGRESS_NETWORK = new Network(101);
-    static final String EGRESS_IFACE = "wlan0";
-    private static final String TEST_VPN_CLIENT = "2.4.6.8";
-    private static final String TEST_VPN_SERVER = "1.2.3.4";
-    private static final String TEST_VPN_IDENTITY = "identity";
-    private static final byte[] TEST_VPN_PSK = "psk".getBytes();
-
-    private static final int IP4_PREFIX_LEN = 32;
-    private static final int IP6_PREFIX_LEN = 64;
-    private static final int MIN_PORT = 0;
-    private static final int MAX_PORT = 65535;
-
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(TEST_VPN_CLIENT);
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(TEST_VPN_SERVER);
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP_2 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.200");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP_2 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.201");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("198.51.100.10");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS6 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888");
-
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector IN_TS =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(MIN_PORT, MAX_PORT, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP);
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector IN_TS6 =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(
-                    MIN_PORT, MAX_PORT, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6);
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector OUT_TS =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(MIN_PORT, MAX_PORT,
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("0.0.0.0"),
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("255.255.255.255"));
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector OUT_TS6 =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(
-                    MIN_PORT,
-                    MAX_PORT,
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("::"),
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"));
-
-    private static final Network TEST_NETWORK = new Network(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-    private static final Network TEST_NETWORK_2 = new Network(Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
-    private static final String TEST_IFACE_NAME = "TEST_IFACE";
-    private static final int TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID = 0x2345;
-    private static final long TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 500L;
-    private static final long TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS = 20_000L;
-    private static final String PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY =
-            "VPNAPPEXCLUDED_27_com.testvpn.vpn";
-    static final String PKGS_BYTES = getPackageByteString(List.of(PKGS));
-    private static final Range<Integer> PRIMARY_USER_RANGE = uidRangeForUser(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-    private static final int TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER = 800;
-    private static final int TEST_SUB_ID = 1234;
-    private static final String TEST_MCCMNC = "12345";
-
-    @Mock(answer = Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS) private Context mContext;
-    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
-    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
-    @Mock private INetworkManagementService mNetService;
-    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
-    @Mock private AppOpsManager mAppOps;
-    @Mock private NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
-    @Mock private Vpn.SystemServices mSystemServices;
-    @Mock private Vpn.IkeSessionWrapper mIkeSessionWrapper;
-    @Mock private Vpn.Ikev2SessionCreator mIkev2SessionCreator;
-    @Mock private Vpn.VpnNetworkAgentWrapper mMockNetworkAgent;
-    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
-    @Mock private ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager mCdm;
-    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
-    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTmPerSub;
-    @Mock private CarrierConfigManager mConfigManager;
-    @Mock private SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
-    @Mock private IpSecService mIpSecService;
-    @Mock private VpnProfileStore mVpnProfileStore;
-    private final TestExecutor mExecutor;
-    @Mock DeviceIdleInternal mDeviceIdleInternal;
-    private final VpnProfile mVpnProfile;
-
-    private IpSecManager mIpSecManager;
-    private TestDeps mTestDeps;
-
-    public static class TestExecutor extends ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor {
-        public static final long REAL_DELAY = -1;
-
-        // For the purposes of the test, run all scheduled tasks after 10ms to save
-        // execution time, unless overridden by the specific test. Set to REAL_DELAY
-        // to actually wait for the delay specified by the real call to schedule().
-        public long delayMs = 10;
-        // If this is true, execute() will call the runnable inline. This is useful because
-        // super.execute() calls schedule(), which messes with checks that scheduled() is
-        // called a given number of times.
-        public boolean executeDirect = false;
-
-        public TestExecutor() {
-            super(1);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void execute(final Runnable command) {
-            // See |executeDirect| for why this is necessary.
-            if (executeDirect) {
-                command.run();
-            } else {
-                super.execute(command);
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(final Runnable command, final long delay,
-                TimeUnit unit) {
-            if (0 == delay || delayMs == REAL_DELAY) {
-                // super.execute() calls schedule() with 0, so use the real delay if it's 0.
-                return super.schedule(command, delay, unit);
-            } else {
-                return super.schedule(command, delayMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public VpnTest() throws Exception {
-        // Build an actual VPN profile that is capable of being converted to and from an
-        // Ikev2VpnProfile
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY);
-        builder.setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK);
-        builder.setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */);
-        mExecutor = spy(new TestExecutor());
-        mVpnProfile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-    }
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
-
-        mIpSecManager = new IpSecManager(mContext, mIpSecService);
-        mTestDeps = spy(new TestDeps());
-        doReturn(IPV6_MIN_MTU)
-                .when(mTestDeps)
-                .calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyBoolean());
-        doReturn(1500).when(mTestDeps).getJavaNetworkInterfaceMtu(any(), anyInt());
-
-        when(mContext.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPackageManager);
-        setMockedPackages(sPackages);
-
-        when(mContext.getPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        when(mContext.getOpPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        mockService(UserManager.class, Context.USER_SERVICE, mUserManager);
-        mockService(AppOpsManager.class, Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE, mAppOps);
-        mockService(NotificationManager.class, Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE, mNotificationManager);
-        mockService(ConnectivityManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mConnectivityManager);
-        mockService(IpSecManager.class, Context.IPSEC_SERVICE, mIpSecManager);
-        mockService(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_SERVICE,
-                mCdm);
-        mockService(TelephonyManager.class, Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE, mTelephonyManager);
-        mockService(CarrierConfigManager.class, Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE, mConfigManager);
-        mockService(SubscriptionManager.class, Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE,
-                mSubscriptionManager);
-        doReturn(mTmPerSub).when(mTelephonyManager).createForSubscriptionId(anyInt());
-        when(mContext.getString(R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent))
-                .thenReturn(Resources.getSystem().getString(
-                        R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent));
-        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
-                .thenReturn(true);
-
-        // Used by {@link Notification.Builder}
-        ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
-        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
-        when(mContext.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(applicationInfo);
-        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), anyInt()))
-                .thenReturn(applicationInfo);
-
-        doNothing().when(mNetService).registerObserver(any());
-
-        // Deny all appops by default.
-        when(mAppOps.noteOpNoThrow(anyString(), anyInt(), anyString(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED);
-
-        // Setup IpSecService
-        final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse tunnelResp =
-                new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(
-                        IpSecManager.Status.OK, TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID, TEST_IFACE_NAME);
-        when(mIpSecService.createTunnelInterface(any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(tunnelResp);
-        doReturn(new LinkProperties()).when(mConnectivityManager).getLinkProperties(any());
-
-        // The unit test should know what kind of permission it needs and set the permission by
-        // itself, so set the default value of Context#checkCallingOrSelfPermission to
-        // PERMISSION_DENIED.
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(any());
-
-        // Set up mIkev2SessionCreator and mExecutor
-        resetIkev2SessionCreator(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-    }
-
-    private void resetIkev2SessionCreator(Vpn.IkeSessionWrapper ikeSession) {
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        when(mIkev2SessionCreator.createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(ikeSession);
-    }
-
-    private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
-        doReturn(service).when(mContext).getSystemService(name);
-        doReturn(name).when(mContext).getSystemServiceName(clazz);
-        if (mContext.getSystemService(clazz).getClass().equals(Object.class)) {
-            // Test is using mockito-extended (mContext uses Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS and returned
-            // a mock object on a final method)
-            doCallRealMethod().when(mContext).getSystemService(clazz);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private Set<Range<Integer>> rangeSet(Range<Integer> ... ranges) {
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> range = new ArraySet<>();
-        for (Range<Integer> r : ranges) range.add(r);
-
-        return range;
-    }
-
-    private static Range<Integer> uidRangeForUser(int userId) {
-        return new Range<Integer>(userId * PER_USER_RANGE, (userId + 1) * PER_USER_RANGE - 1);
-    }
-
-    private Range<Integer> uidRange(int start, int stop) {
-        return new Range<Integer>(start, stop);
-    }
-
-    private static String getPackageByteString(List<String> packages) {
-        try {
-            return HexDump.toHexString(
-                    PersistableBundleUtils.toDiskStableBytes(PersistableBundleUtils.fromList(
-                            packages, PersistableBundleUtils.STRING_SERIALIZER)),
-                        true /* upperCase */);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRestrictedProfilesAreAddedToVpn() {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, SECONDARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_B);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // Assume the user can have restricted profiles.
-        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges =
-                vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(PRIMARY_USER.id, null, null);
-
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE, uidRangeForUser(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id)),
-                 ranges);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testManagedProfilesAreNotAddedToVpn() {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, MANAGED_PROFILE_A);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(
-                PRIMARY_USER.id, null, null);
-
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE), ranges);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testAddUserToVpnOnlyAddsOneUser() {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, MANAGED_PROFILE_A);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
-        vpn.addUserToRanges(ranges, PRIMARY_USER.id, null, null);
-
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE), ranges);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUidAllowAndDenylist() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Range<Integer> user = PRIMARY_USER_RANGE;
-        final int userStart = user.getLower();
-        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
-        final String[] packages = {PKGS[0], PKGS[1], PKGS[2]};
-
-        // Allowed list
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> allow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(PRIMARY_USER.id,
-                Arrays.asList(packages), null /* disallowedApplications */);
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0], userStart + PKG_UIDS[0]),
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1], userStart + PKG_UIDS[2]),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0]),
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0])),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1]),
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2]))),
-                allow);
-
-        // Denied list
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> disallow =
-                vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(PRIMARY_USER.id,
-                        null /* allowedApplications */, Arrays.asList(packages));
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(
-                uidRange(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                /* Empty range between UIDS[1] and UIDS[2], should be excluded, */
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)),
-                disallow);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(String packageName) {
-        verify(mDeviceIdleInternal, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).addPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(
-                anyInt(), eq(packageName), anyLong(), anyInt(), eq(false),
-                eq(PowerWhitelistManager.REASON_VPN), eq("VpnManager event"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetAlwaysAndOnGetLockDown() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // Default state.
-        assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
-
-        // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, Collections.emptyList()));
-        assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.emptyList()));
-        assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertTrue(vpn.getLockdown());
-
-        // Remove always-on configuration.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, Collections.emptyList()));
-        assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testAlwaysOnWithoutLockdown() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, never()).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                null /* packageName */, false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, never()).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownChangingPackage() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Range<Integer> user = PRIMARY_USER_RANGE;
-        final int userStart = user.getLower();
-        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
-        // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null));
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-
-        // Switch to another app.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownAllowlist() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Range<Integer> user = PRIMARY_USER_RANGE;
-        final int userStart = user.getLower();
-        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
-        // Set always-on with lockdown and allow app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[]  {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1]) - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        // Change allowed app list to PKGS[3].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-
-        // Change the VPN app.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1))
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1))
-        }));
-
-        // Remove the list of allowed packages.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1), userStop),
-        }));
-
-        // Add the list of allowed packages.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1), userStop),
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-
-        // Try allowing a package with a comma, should be rejected.
-        assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList("a.b,c.d")));
-
-        // Pass a non-existent packages in the allowlist, they (and only they) should be ignored.
-        // allowed package should change from PGKS[1] to PKGS[2].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app")));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownSystemUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-
-        // Uid 0 is always excluded and PKG_UIDS[1] is the uid of the VPN.
-        final List<Integer> excludedUids = new ArrayList<>(List.of(0, PKG_UIDS[1]));
-        final List<Range<Integer>> ranges = makeVpnUidRange(SYSTEM_USER_ID, excludedUids);
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, ranges);
-
-        // Disable always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                null /* packageName */, false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, ranges);
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown and allow the app PKGS[2].
-        excludedUids.add(PKG_UIDS[2]);
-        final List<Range<Integer>> ranges2 = makeVpnUidRange(SYSTEM_USER_ID, excludedUids);
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true /* lockdown */, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, ranges2);
-
-        // Disable always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                null /* packageName */, false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, ranges2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownRuleRepeatability() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final UidRangeParcel[] primaryUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getUpper())};
-        // Given legacy lockdown is already enabled,
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(true,
-                toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Enabling legacy lockdown twice should do nothing.
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-
-        // And disabling should remove the rules exactly once.
-        vpn.setLockdown(false);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(false,
-                toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Removing the lockdown again should have no effect.
-        vpn.setLockdown(false);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(2)).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-    }
-
-    private ArrayList<Range<Integer>> toRanges(UidRangeParcel[] ranges) {
-        ArrayList<Range<Integer>> rangesArray = new ArrayList<>(ranges.length);
-        for (int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
-            rangesArray.add(new Range<>(ranges[i].start, ranges[i].stop));
-        }
-        return rangesArray;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownRuleReversibility() throws Exception {
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final UidRangeParcel[] entireUser = {
-            new UidRangeParcel(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getUpper())
-        };
-        final UidRangeParcel[] exceptPkg0 = {
-            new UidRangeParcel(entireUser[0].start, entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-            new UidRangeParcel(entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1,
-                               Process.toSdkSandboxUid(entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-            new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                               entireUser[0].stop),
-        };
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mConnectivityManager);
-
-        // Given lockdown is enabled with no package (legacy VPN),
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(entireUser));
-
-        // When a new VPN package is set the rules should change to cover that package.
-        vpn.prepare(null, PKGS[0], VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(entireUser));
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(exceptPkg0));
-
-        // When that VPN package is unset, everything should be undone again in reverse.
-        vpn.prepare(null, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(exceptPkg0));
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(entireUser));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUserAddedAndRemoved_restrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mMockNetworkAgent);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> initialRange = rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE);
-        // Note since mVpnProfile is a Ikev2VpnProfile, this starts an IkeV2VpnRunner.
-        startLegacyVpn(vpn, mVpnProfile);
-        // Set an initial Uid range and mock the network agent
-        vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(initialRange);
-        vpn.mNetworkAgent = mMockNetworkAgent;
-
-        // Add the restricted user
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-        vpn.onUserAdded(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        // Expect restricted user range to be added to the NetworkCapabilities.
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> expectRestrictedRange =
-                rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE, uidRangeForUser(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id));
-        assertEquals(expectRestrictedRange, vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        order.verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(
-                argThat(nc -> expectRestrictedRange.equals(nc.getUids())));
-
-        // Remove the restricted user
-        vpn.onUserRemoved(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        // Expect restricted user range to be removed from the NetworkCapabilities.
-        assertEquals(initialRange, vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        order.verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(
-                argThat(nc -> initialRange.equals(nc.getUids())));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUserAddedAndRemoved_restrictedUserLockdown() throws Exception {
-        final UidRangeParcel[] primaryUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getUpper())};
-        final Range<Integer> restrictedUserRange = uidRangeForUser(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        final UidRangeParcel[] restrictedUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(restrictedUserRange.getLower(), restrictedUserRange.getUpper())};
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // Set lockdown calls setRequireVpnForUids
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Add the restricted user
-        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-        vpn.onUserAdded(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-
-        // Expect restricted user range to be added.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true,
-                toRanges(restrictedUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Mark as partial indicates that the user is removed, mUserManager.getAliveUsers() does not
-        // return the restricted user but it is still returned in mUserManager.getUserInfo().
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = true;
-        // Remove the restricted user
-        vpn.onUserRemoved(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false,
-                toRanges(restrictedUserRangeParcel));
-        // reset to avoid affecting other tests since RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A is static.
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = false;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUserAddedAndRemoved_restrictedUserAlwaysOn() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // setAlwaysOnPackage() calls setRequireVpnForUids()
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        final List<Integer> excludedUids = List.of(PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        final List<Range<Integer>> primaryRanges =
-                makeVpnUidRange(PRIMARY_USER.id, excludedUids);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, primaryRanges);
-
-        // Add the restricted user
-        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-        vpn.onUserAdded(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-
-        final List<Range<Integer>> restrictedRanges =
-                makeVpnUidRange(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id, excludedUids);
-        // Expect restricted user range to be added.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, restrictedRanges);
-
-        // Mark as partial indicates that the user is removed, mUserManager.getAliveUsers() does not
-        // return the restricted user but it is still returned in mUserManager.getUserInfo().
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = true;
-        // Remove the restricted user
-        vpn.onUserRemoved(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, restrictedRanges);
-
-        // reset to avoid affecting other tests since RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A is static.
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = false;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_throwSecurityExceptionWhenGivenPackageDoesNotBelongToTheCaller()
-            throws Exception {
-        mTestDeps.mIgnoreCallingUidChecks = false;
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner", null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare(null, "com.not.vpn.owner", VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner1", "com.not.vpn.owner2",
-                        VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_bothOldPackageAndNewPackageAreNull() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(null, null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_legacyVpnWithoutControlVpn()
-            throws Exception {
-        doThrow(new SecurityException("no CONTROL_VPN")).when(mContext)
-                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare(null, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-
-        // CONTROL_VPN can be held by the caller or another system server process - both are
-        // allowed. Just checking for `enforceCallingPermission` may not be sufficient.
-        verify(mContext, never()).enforceCallingPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_legacyVpnWithControlVpn()
-            throws Exception {
-        doNothing().when(mContext).enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(null, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-
-        // CONTROL_VPN can be held by the caller or another system server process - both are
-        // allowed. Just checking for `enforceCallingPermission` may not be sufficient.
-        verify(mContext, never()).enforceCallingPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testIsAlwaysOnPackageSupported() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        ApplicationInfo appInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
-        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(eq(PKGS[0]), anyInt(), eq(PRIMARY_USER.id)))
-                .thenReturn(appInfo);
-
-        ServiceInfo svcInfo = new ServiceInfo();
-        ResolveInfo resInfo = new ResolveInfo();
-        resInfo.serviceInfo = svcInfo;
-        when(mPackageManager.queryIntentServicesAsUser(any(), eq(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA),
-                eq(PRIMARY_USER.id)))
-                .thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(resInfo));
-
-        // null package name should return false
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(null));
-
-        // Pre-N apps are not supported
-        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.M;
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
-
-        // N+ apps are supported by default
-        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.N;
-        assertTrue(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
-
-        // Apps that opt out explicitly are not supported
-        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
-        Bundle metaData = new Bundle();
-        metaData.putBoolean(VpnService.SERVICE_META_DATA_SUPPORTS_ALWAYS_ON, false);
-        svcInfo.metaData = metaData;
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNotificationShownForAlwaysOnApp() throws Exception {
-        final UserHandle userHandle = UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mNotificationManager);
-
-        // Don't show a notification for regular disconnected states.
-        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager, atLeastOnce()).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
-
-        // Start showing a notification for disconnected once always-on.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false, null);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
-
-        // Stop showing the notification once connected.
-        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.CONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
-
-        // Show the notification if we disconnect again.
-        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
-
-        // Notification should be cleared after unsetting always-on package.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The profile name should NOT change between releases for backwards compatibility
-     *
-     * <p>If this is changed between releases, the {@link Vpn#getVpnProfilePrivileged()} method MUST
-     * be updated to ensure backward compatibility.
-     */
-    @Test
-    public void testGetProfileNameForPackage() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-
-        final String expected = Credentials.PLATFORM_VPN + PRIMARY_USER.id + "_" + TEST_VPN_PKG;
-        assertEquals(expected, vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-    }
-
-    private Vpn createVpn(String... grantedOps) throws Exception {
-        return createVpn(PRIMARY_USER, grantedOps);
-    }
-
-    private Vpn createVpn(UserInfo user, String... grantedOps) throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(user.id);
-        setMockedUsers(user);
-
-        for (final String opStr : grantedOps) {
-            when(mAppOps.noteOpNoThrow(opStr, Process.myUid(), TEST_VPN_PKG,
-                    null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */))
-                    .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
-        }
-
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    private void checkProvisionVpnProfile(Vpn vpn, boolean expectedResult, String... checkedOps) {
-        assertEquals(expectedResult, vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mVpnProfile));
-
-        // The profile should always be stored, whether or not consent has been previously granted.
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
-                .put(
-                        eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)),
-                        eq(mVpnProfile.encode()));
-
-        for (final String checkedOpStr : checkedOps) {
-            verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(checkedOpStr, Process.myUid(), TEST_VPN_PKG,
-                    null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNoIpsecTunnels() throws Exception {
-        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
-                .thenReturn(false);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            checkProvisionVpnProfile(
-                    vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-            fail("Expected exception due to missing feature");
-        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    private Vpn prepareVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY))
-                .thenReturn(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(PKGS_BYTES));
-
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-        vpn.mNetworkAgent = mMockNetworkAgent;
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAndGetAppExclusionList() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = prepareVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList();
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore, never()).put(eq(PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY), any());
-        vpn.setAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG, Arrays.asList(PKGS));
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
-                .put(eq(PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY),
-                     eq(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(PKGS_BYTES)));
-        assertEquals(vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(
-                PRIMARY_USER.id, null, Arrays.asList(PKGS)),
-                vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRefreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList_updatesExcludedUids() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = prepareVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList();
-        vpn.setAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG, Arrays.asList(PKGS));
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(any());
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Remove one of the package
-        List<Integer> newExcludedUids = toList(PKG_UIDS);
-        newExcludedUids.remove((Integer) PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        sPackages.remove(PKGS[0]);
-        vpn.refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // List in keystore is not changed, but UID for the removed packages is no longer exempted.
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        assertEquals(makeVpnUidRangeSet(PRIMARY_USER.id, newExcludedUids),
-                vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(ncCaptor.capture());
-        assertEquals(makeVpnUidRangeSet(PRIMARY_USER.id, newExcludedUids),
-                ncCaptor.getValue().getUids());
-
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Add the package back
-        newExcludedUids.add(PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        sPackages.put(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        vpn.refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // List in keystore is not changed and the uid list should be updated in the net cap.
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        assertEquals(makeVpnUidRangeSet(PRIMARY_USER.id, newExcludedUids),
-                vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(ncCaptor.capture());
-        assertEquals(makeVpnUidRangeSet(PRIMARY_USER.id, newExcludedUids),
-                ncCaptor.getValue().getUids());
-    }
-
-    private List<Range<Integer>> makeVpnUidRange(int userId, List<Integer> excludedAppIdList) {
-        final SortedSet<Integer> list = new TreeSet<>();
-
-        final int userBase = userId * UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
-        for (int appId : excludedAppIdList) {
-            final int uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
-            list.add(uid);
-            if (Process.isApplicationUid(uid)) {
-                list.add(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(uid)); // Add Sdk Sandbox UID
-            }
-        }
-
-        final int minUid = userBase;
-        final int maxUid = userBase + UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1;
-        final List<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        // Iterate the list to create the ranges between each uid.
-        int start = minUid;
-        for (int uid : list) {
-            if (uid == start) {
-                start++;
-            } else {
-                ranges.add(new Range<>(start, uid - 1));
-                start = uid + 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Create the range between last uid and max uid.
-        if (start <= maxUid) {
-            ranges.add(new Range<>(start, maxUid));
-        }
-
-        return ranges;
-    }
-
-    private Set<Range<Integer>> makeVpnUidRangeSet(int userId, List<Integer> excludedAppIdList) {
-        return new ArraySet<>(makeVpnUidRange(userId, excludedAppIdList));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAndGetAppExclusionListRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = prepareVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Mock it to restricted profile
-        when(mUserManager.getUserInfo(anyInt())).thenReturn(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-
-        // Restricted users cannot configure VPNs
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.setAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG, new ArrayList<>()));
-
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfilePreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        checkProvisionVpnProfile(
-                vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNotPreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        // Expect that both the ACTIVATE_VPN and ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN were tried, but the caller
-        // had neither.
-        checkProvisionVpnProfile(vpn, false /* expectedResult */,
-                AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileVpnServicePreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-
-        checkProvisionVpnProfile(vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileTooLarge() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        final VpnProfile bigProfile = new VpnProfile("");
-        bigProfile.name = new String(new byte[Vpn.MAX_VPN_PROFILE_SIZE_BYTES + 1]);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, bigProfile);
-            fail("Expected IAE due to profile size");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn =
-                createVpn(
-                        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mVpnProfile);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDeleteVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        vpn.deleteVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
-                .remove(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDeleteVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn =
-                createVpn(
-                        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.deleteVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetVpnProfilePrivileged() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(new VpnProfile("").encode());
-
-        vpn.getVpnProfilePrivileged(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-    }
-
-    private void verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(String packageName) {
-        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                eq(Process.myUid()),
-                eq(packageName),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        verify(mAppOps).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(packageName),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(String packageName) {
-        // Add a small delay to double confirm that finishOp is only called once.
-        verify(mAppOps, after(100)).finishOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(packageName),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileVpnServicePreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Verify that the ACTIVATE_VPN appop was checked, but no error was thrown.
-        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN, Process.myUid(),
-                TEST_VPN_PKG, null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileNotConsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        try {
-            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected failure due to no user consent");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-
-        // Verify both appops were checked.
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .noteOpNoThrow(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(Process.myUid()),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                        eq(null) /* message */);
-        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN, Process.myUid(),
-                TEST_VPN_PKG, null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
-
-        // Keystore should never have been accessed.
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore, never()).get(any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileMissingProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG))).thenReturn(null);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected failure due to missing profile");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .noteOpNoThrow(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(Process.myUid()),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                        eq(null) /* message */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStopVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartOpAndFinishOpWillBeCalledWhenPlatformVpnIsOnAndOff() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        // Add a small delay to make sure that startOp is only called once.
-        verify(mAppOps, after(100).times(1)).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        // Check that the startOp is not called with OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE.
-        verify(mAppOps, never()).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartOpWithSeamlessHandover() throws Exception {
-        // Create with SYSTEM_USER so that establish() will match the user ID when checking
-        // against Binder.getCallerUid
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(SYSTEM_USER, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(TEST_VPN_PKG, null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        final VpnConfig config = new VpnConfig();
-        config.user = "VpnTest";
-        config.addresses.add(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/32"));
-        config.mtu = 1450;
-        final ResolveInfo resolveInfo = new ResolveInfo();
-        final ServiceInfo serviceInfo = new ServiceInfo();
-        serviceInfo.permission = BIND_VPN_SERVICE;
-        resolveInfo.serviceInfo = serviceInfo;
-        when(mPackageManager.resolveService(any(), anyInt())).thenReturn(resolveInfo);
-        when(mContext.bindServiceAsUser(any(), any(), anyInt(), any())).thenReturn(true);
-        vpn.establish(config);
-        verify(mAppOps, times(1)).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
-                eq(Process.myUid()),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        // Call establish() twice with the same config, it should match seamless handover case and
-        // startOp() shouldn't be called again.
-        vpn.establish(config);
-        verify(mAppOps, times(1)).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
-                eq(Process.myUid()),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyVpnManagerEvent(String sessionKey, String category, int errorClass,
-            int errorCode, String[] packageName, @NonNull VpnProfileState... profileState) {
-        final Context userContext =
-                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER.id), 0 /* flags */);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Intent> intentArgumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Intent.class);
-
-        final int verifyTimes = profileState.length;
-        verify(userContext, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS).times(verifyTimes))
-                .startService(intentArgumentCaptor.capture());
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < verifyTimes; i++) {
-            final Intent intent = intentArgumentCaptor.getAllValues().get(i);
-            assertEquals(packageName[i], intent.getPackage());
-            assertEquals(sessionKey, intent.getStringExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_SESSION_KEY));
-            final Set<String> categories = intent.getCategories();
-            assertTrue(categories.contains(category));
-            assertEquals(1, categories.size());
-            assertEquals(errorClass,
-                    intent.getIntExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_ERROR_CLASS, -1 /* defaultValue */));
-            assertEquals(errorCode,
-                    intent.getIntExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_ERROR_CODE, -1 /* defaultValue */));
-            // CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER & CATEGORY_EVENT_ALWAYS_ON_STATE_CHANGED won't
-            // send NetworkCapabilities & LinkProperties to VPN app.
-            // For ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST, the NetworkCapabilities & LinkProperties of underlying
-            // network will be cleared. So the VPN app will receive null for those 2 extra values.
-            if (category.equals(VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER)
-                    || category.equals(VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_ALWAYS_ON_STATE_CHANGED)
-                    || errorCode == VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST) {
-                assertNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                        VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES));
-                assertNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_LINK_PROPERTIES));
-            } else {
-                assertNotNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                        VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES));
-                assertNotNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                        VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_LINK_PROPERTIES));
-            }
-
-            assertEquals(profileState[i], intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                    VpnManager.EXTRA_VPN_PROFILE_STATE, VpnProfileState.class));
-        }
-        reset(userContext);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyDeactivatedByUser(String sessionKey, String[] packageName) {
-        // CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER is not an error event, so both of errorClass and
-        // errorCode won't be set.
-        verifyVpnManagerEvent(sessionKey, VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER,
-                -1 /* errorClass */, -1 /* errorCode */, packageName,
-                // VPN NetworkAgnet does not switch to CONNECTED in the test, and the state is not
-                // important here. Verify that the state as it is, i.e. CONNECTING state.
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_CONNECTING,
-                        sessionKey, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-    }
-
-    private void verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(String[] packageName, VpnProfileState... profileState) {
-        verifyVpnManagerEvent(null /* sessionKey */,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_ALWAYS_ON_STATE_CHANGED, -1 /* errorClass */,
-                -1 /* errorCode */, packageName, profileState);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testVpnManagerEventForUserDeactivated() throws Exception {
-        // For security reasons, Vpn#prepare() will check that oldPackage and newPackage are either
-        // null or the package of the caller. This test will call Vpn#prepare() to pretend the old
-        // VPN is replaced by a new one. But only Settings can change to some other packages, and
-        // this is checked with CONTROL_VPN so simulate holding CONTROL_VPN in order to pass the
-        // security checks.
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        // Test the case that the user deactivates the vpn in vpn app.
-        final String sessionKey1 = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyDeactivatedByUser(sessionKey1, new String[] {TEST_VPN_PKG});
-        reset(mAppOps);
-
-        // Test the case that the user chooses another vpn and the original one is replaced.
-        final String sessionKey2 = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        vpn.prepare(TEST_VPN_PKG, "com.new.vpn" /* newPackage */, TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyDeactivatedByUser(sessionKey2, new String[] {TEST_VPN_PKG});
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testVpnManagerEventForAlwaysOnChanged() throws Exception {
-        // Calling setAlwaysOnPackage() needs to hold CONTROL_VPN.
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        // Enable VPN always-on for PKGS[1].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Enable VPN lockdown for PKGS[1].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, true /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Disable VPN lockdown for PKGS[1].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Disable VPN always-on.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Enable VPN always-on for PKGS[1] again.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Enable VPN always-on for PKGS[2].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[2], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[2]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        // PKGS[1] is replaced with PKGS[2].
-        // Pass 2 VpnProfileState objects to verifyVpnManagerEvent(), the first one is sent to
-        // PKGS[1] to notify PKGS[1] that the VPN always-on is disabled, the second one is sent to
-        // PKGS[2] to notify PKGS[2] that the VPN always-on is enabled.
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1], PKGS[2]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */),
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testReconnectVpnManagerVpnWithAlwaysOnEnabled() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Enable VPN always-on for TEST_VPN_PKG.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-
-        // Reset to verify next startVpnProfile.
-        reset(mAppOps);
-
-        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Reconnect the vpn with different package will cause exception.
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> vpn.startVpnProfile(PKGS[0]));
-
-        // Reconnect the vpn again with the vpn always on package w/o exception.
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdown_enableDisableWhileConnected() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mTestDeps);
-        order.verify(mTestDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(),
-                        argThat(config -> config.allowBypass), any(), any());
-
-        // Make VPN lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpnSnapShot.vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, true /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-
-        order.verify(mTestDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(),
-                argThat(config -> !config.allowBypass), any(), any());
-
-        // Disable lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpnSnapShot.vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-
-        order.verify(mTestDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(),
-                        argThat(config -> config.allowBypass), any(), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationVpnService() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationRevokeAuthorization() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED));
-    }
-
-    private NetworkCallback triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback() throws Exception {
-        return triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback(new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-    }
-
-    private NetworkCallback triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback(
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps) throws Exception {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCallback> networkCallbackCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCallback.class);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallbackCaptor.capture(), any());
-
-        // onAvailable() will trigger onDefaultNetworkChanged(), so NetdUtils#setInterfaceUp will be
-        // invoked. Set the return value of INetd#interfaceGetCfg to prevent NullPointerException.
-        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel config = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
-        config.flags = new String[] {IF_STATE_DOWN};
-        when(mNetd.interfaceGetCfg(anyString())).thenReturn(config);
-        final NetworkCallback cb = networkCallbackCaptor.getValue();
-        cb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK);
-        // Trigger onCapabilitiesChanged() and onLinkPropertiesChanged() so the test can verify that
-        // if NetworkCapabilities and LinkProperties of underlying network will be sent/cleared or
-        // not.
-        // See verifyVpnManagerEvent().
-        cb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, caps);
-        cb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, new LinkProperties());
-        return cb;
-    }
-
-    private void verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(String flag) throws Exception {
-        // Add a timeout for waiting for interfaceSetCfg to be called.
-        verify(mNetd, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(
-                config -> Arrays.asList(config.flags).contains(flag)));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestPlatformVpnWithException(IkeException exception,
-            String category, int errorType, int errorCode) throws Exception {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> captor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        doReturn(new NetworkCapabilities()).when(mConnectivityManager)
-                .getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(any(), anyInt(), anyString());
-        doReturn(new LinkProperties()).when(mConnectivityManager)
-                .getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(any(), anyInt(), anyString());
-
-        final String sessionKey = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        final NetworkCallback cb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
-
-        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
-
-        // Wait for createIkeSession() to be called before proceeding in order to ensure consistent
-        // state
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), captor.capture(), any());
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        // For network lost case, the process should be triggered by calling onLost(), which is the
-        // same process with the real case.
-        if (errorCode == VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST) {
-            cb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-            verify(mExecutor, atLeastOnce()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-        } else {
-            final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = captor.getValue();
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> ikeCb.onClosedWithException(exception));
-        }
-
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyVpnManagerEvent(sessionKey, category, errorType, errorCode,
-                // VPN NetworkAgnet does not switch to CONNECTED in the test, and the state is not
-                // important here. Verify that the state as it is, i.e. CONNECTING state.
-                new String[] {TEST_VPN_PKG}, new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_CONNECTING,
-                        sessionKey, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-        if (errorType == VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_NOT_RECOVERABLE) {
-            verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                    .unregisterNetworkCallback(eq(cb));
-        } else if (errorType == VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE
-                // Vpn won't retry when there is no usable underlying network.
-                && errorCode != VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST) {
-            int retryIndex = 0;
-            final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb2 = verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(retryIndex++);
-
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> ikeCb2.onClosedWithException(exception));
-            verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(retryIndex++);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionCallback verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(int retryIndex) {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> ikeCbCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-
-        // Verify retry is scheduled
-        final long expectedDelayMs = mTestDeps.getNextRetryDelayMs(retryIndex);
-        verify(mExecutor, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).schedule(any(Runnable.class),
-                eq(expectedDelayMs), eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS + expectedDelayMs))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), ikeCbCaptor.capture(), any());
-
-        // Forget the mIkev2SessionCreator#createIkeSession call and mExecutor#schedule call
-        // for the next retry verification
-        resetIkev2SessionCreator(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-
-        return ikeCbCaptor.getValue();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnAuthenticationFailed() throws Exception {
-        final IkeProtocolException exception = mock(IkeProtocolException.class);
-        final int errorCode = IkeProtocolException.ERROR_TYPE_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED;
-        when(exception.getErrorType()).thenReturn(errorCode);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_IKE_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_NOT_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithRecoverableError() throws Exception {
-        final IkeProtocolException exception = mock(IkeProtocolException.class);
-        final int errorCode = IkeProtocolException.ERROR_TYPE_TEMPORARY_FAILURE;
-        when(exception.getErrorType()).thenReturn(errorCode);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_IKE_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE, errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithUnknownHostException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final UnknownHostException unknownHostException = new UnknownHostException();
-        final int errorCode = VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_UNKNOWN_HOST;
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(unknownHostException);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIkeTimeoutException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final IkeTimeoutException ikeTimeoutException =
-                new IkeTimeoutException("IkeTimeoutException");
-        final int errorCode = VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_TIMEOUT;
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(ikeTimeoutException);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIkeNetworkLostException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNetworkLostException exception = new IkeNetworkLostException(
-                new Network(100));
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIOException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final IOException ioException = new IOException();
-        final int errorCode = VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_IO;
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(ioException);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnIllegalArgumentExceptionInSetup() throws Exception {
-        when(mIkev2SessionCreator.createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenThrow(new IllegalArgumentException());
-        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id), mVpnProfile);
-        final NetworkCallback cb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
-
-        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
-
-        // Wait for createIkeSession() to be called before proceeding in order to ensure consistent
-        // state
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).unregisterNetworkCallback(eq(cb));
-        assertEquals(LegacyVpnInfo.STATE_FAILED, vpn.getLegacyVpnInfo().state);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testVpnManagerEventWillNotBeSentToSettingsVpn() throws Exception {
-        startLegacyVpn(createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id), mVpnProfile);
-        triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
-
-        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
-
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final IkeTimeoutException ikeTimeoutException =
-                new IkeTimeoutException("IkeTimeoutException");
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(ikeTimeoutException);
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> captor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), captor.capture(), any());
-        final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = captor.getValue();
-        ikeCb.onClosedWithException(exception);
-
-        final Context userContext =
-                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER.id), 0 /* flags */);
-        verify(userContext, never()).startService(any());
-    }
-
-    private void setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(Vpn vpn, int uid, boolean lockdownEnabled) {
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, lockdownEnabled, null));
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-        verify(mAppOps).setMode(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN), eq(uid), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
-
-        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
-                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_APP), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), eq(PRIMARY_USER.id));
-        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutIntForUser(
-                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN), eq(lockdownEnabled ? 1 : 0),
-                eq(PRIMARY_USER.id));
-        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
-                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN_WHITELIST), eq(""), eq(PRIMARY_USER.id));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAndStartAlwaysOnVpn() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-
-        // UID checks must return a different UID; otherwise it'll be treated as already prepared.
-        final int uid = Process.myUid() + 1;
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), anyInt()))
-                .thenReturn(uid);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(vpn, uid, false);
-        assertTrue(vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn());
-
-        // TODO: Test the Ikev2VpnRunner started up properly. Relies on utility methods added in
-        // a subsequent CL.
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartLegacyVpnIpv6() throws Exception {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName(EGRESS_IFACE);
-        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
-        final RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo(
-                new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null, EGRESS_IFACE);
-        lp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
-
-        // IllegalStateException thrown since legacy VPN only supports IPv4.
-        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class,
-                () -> vpn.startLegacyVpn(mVpnProfile, EGRESS_NETWORK, lp));
-    }
-
-    private Vpn startLegacyVpn(final Vpn vpn, final VpnProfile vpnProfile) throws Exception {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-
-        // Dummy egress interface
-        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName(EGRESS_IFACE);
-
-        final RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
-                        InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.0"), EGRESS_IFACE);
-        lp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
-
-        vpn.startLegacyVpn(vpnProfile, EGRESS_NETWORK, lp);
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionConnectionInfo createIkeConnectInfo() {
-        return new IkeSessionConnectionInfo(TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP, TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP, TEST_NETWORK);
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionConnectionInfo createIkeConnectInfo_2() {
-        return new IkeSessionConnectionInfo(
-                TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP_2, TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP_2, TEST_NETWORK_2);
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionConfiguration createIkeConfig(
-            IkeSessionConnectionInfo ikeConnectInfo, boolean isMobikeEnabled) {
-        final IkeSessionConfiguration.Builder builder =
-                new IkeSessionConfiguration.Builder(ikeConnectInfo);
-
-        if (isMobikeEnabled) {
-            builder.addIkeExtension(EXTENSION_TYPE_MOBIKE);
-        }
-
-        return builder.build();
-    }
-
-    private ChildSessionConfiguration createChildConfig() {
-        return new ChildSessionConfiguration.Builder(
-                        Arrays.asList(IN_TS, IN_TS6), Arrays.asList(OUT_TS, OUT_TS6))
-                .addInternalAddress(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP, IP4_PREFIX_LEN))
-                .addInternalAddress(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6, IP6_PREFIX_LEN))
-                .addInternalDnsServer(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS)
-                .addInternalDnsServer(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS6)
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    private IpSecTransform createIpSecTransform() {
-        return new IpSecTransform(mContext, new IpSecConfig());
-    }
-
-    private void verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(int expectedTimes) throws Exception {
-        verify(mIpSecService, times(expectedTimes)).applyTunnelModeTransform(
-                eq(TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID), eq(IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN),
-                anyInt(), anyString());
-        verify(mIpSecService, times(expectedTimes)).applyTunnelModeTransform(
-                eq(TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID), eq(IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT),
-                anyInt(), anyString());
-    }
-
-    private Pair<IkeSessionCallback, ChildSessionCallback> verifyCreateIkeAndCaptureCbs()
-            throws Exception {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> ikeCbCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<ChildSessionCallback> childCbCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ChildSessionCallback.class);
-
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).createIkeSession(
-                any(), any(), any(), any(), ikeCbCaptor.capture(), childCbCaptor.capture());
-
-        return new Pair<>(ikeCbCaptor.getValue(), childCbCaptor.getValue());
-    }
-
-    private static class PlatformVpnSnapshot {
-        public final Vpn vpn;
-        public final NetworkCallback nwCb;
-        public final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb;
-        public final ChildSessionCallback childCb;
-
-        PlatformVpnSnapshot(Vpn vpn, NetworkCallback nwCb,
-                IkeSessionCallback ikeCb, ChildSessionCallback childCb) {
-            this.vpn = vpn;
-            this.nwCb = nwCb;
-            this.ikeCb = ikeCb;
-            this.childCb = childCb;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig)
-            throws Exception {
-        return verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeConfig, true);
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-            IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig, boolean mtuSupportsIpv6) throws Exception {
-        return verifySetupPlatformVpn(mVpnProfile, ikeConfig, mtuSupportsIpv6);
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(VpnProfile vpnProfile,
-            IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig, boolean mtuSupportsIpv6) throws Exception {
-        return verifySetupPlatformVpn(vpnProfile, ikeConfig,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build() /* underlying network caps */,
-                mtuSupportsIpv6, false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(VpnProfile vpnProfile,
-            IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig,
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities underlyingNetworkCaps,
-            boolean mtuSupportsIpv6,
-            boolean areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive) throws Exception {
-        if (!mtuSupportsIpv6) {
-            doReturn(IPV6_MIN_MTU - 1).when(mTestDeps).calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(),
-                    anyBoolean());
-        }
-
-        doReturn(mMockNetworkAgent).when(mTestDeps)
-                .newNetworkAgent(
-                        any(), any(), anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any());
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(vpnProfile.encode());
-
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        final NetworkCallback nwCb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback(underlyingNetworkCaps);
-        // There are 4 interactions with the executor.
-        // - Network available
-        // - LP change
-        // - NC change
-        // - schedule() calls in scheduleStartIkeSession()
-        // The first 3 calls are triggered from Executor.execute(). The execute() will also call to
-        // schedule() with 0 delay. Verify the exact interaction here so that it won't cause flakes
-        // in the follow-up flow.
-        verify(mExecutor, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS).times(4))
-                .schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Mock the setup procedure by firing callbacks
-        final Pair<IkeSessionCallback, ChildSessionCallback> cbPair =
-                verifyCreateIkeAndCaptureCbs();
-        final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = cbPair.first;
-        final ChildSessionCallback childCb = cbPair.second;
-
-        ikeCb.onOpened(ikeConfig);
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN);
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT);
-        childCb.onOpened(createChildConfig());
-
-        // Verification VPN setup
-        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(1);
-
-        ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
-        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkAgentConfig> nacCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkAgentConfig.class);
-        verify(mTestDeps).newNetworkAgent(
-                any(), any(), anyString(), ncCaptor.capture(), lpCaptor.capture(),
-                any(), nacCaptor.capture(), any(), any());
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper).setUnderpinnedNetwork(TEST_NETWORK);
-        // Check LinkProperties
-        final LinkProperties lp = lpCaptor.getValue();
-        final List<RouteInfo> expectedRoutes =
-                new ArrayList<>(
-                        Arrays.asList(
-                                new RouteInfo(
-                                        new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
-                                        null /* gateway */,
-                                        TEST_IFACE_NAME,
-                                        RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST)));
-        final List<LinkAddress> expectedAddresses =
-                new ArrayList<>(
-                        Arrays.asList(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP, IP4_PREFIX_LEN)));
-        final List<InetAddress> expectedDns = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS));
-
-        if (mtuSupportsIpv6) {
-            expectedRoutes.add(
-                    new RouteInfo(
-                            new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0),
-                            null /* gateway */,
-                            TEST_IFACE_NAME,
-                            RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST));
-            expectedAddresses.add(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6, IP6_PREFIX_LEN));
-            expectedDns.add(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS6);
-        } else {
-            expectedRoutes.add(
-                    new RouteInfo(
-                            new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0),
-                            null /* gateway */,
-                            TEST_IFACE_NAME,
-                            RTN_UNREACHABLE));
-        }
-
-        assertEquals(expectedRoutes, lp.getRoutes());
-        assertEquals(expectedAddresses, lp.getLinkAddresses());
-        assertEquals(expectedDns, lp.getDnsServers());
-
-        // Check NetworkCapabilities
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(TEST_NETWORK), ncCaptor.getValue().getUnderlyingNetworks());
-
-        // Check if allowBypass is set or not.
-        assertTrue(nacCaptor.getValue().isBypassableVpn());
-        // Check if extra info for VPN is set.
-        assertTrue(nacCaptor.getValue().getLegacyExtraInfo().contains(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        final VpnTransportInfo info = (VpnTransportInfo) ncCaptor.getValue().getTransportInfo();
-        assertTrue(info.isBypassable());
-        assertEquals(areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive,
-                info.areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive());
-        return new PlatformVpnSnapshot(vpn, nwCb, ikeCb, childCb);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AutoTimerNoTimer() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AutoTimerTimerSet() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AutoIp() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                true /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                false /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AssignedIpProtocol() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                false /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4 /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams_AutoTimer() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams_AutoIp() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams(
-                true /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                false /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */);
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled) throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK)
-                        .setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */)
-                        .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled)
-                        .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled)
-                        .build();
-
-        final int expectedKeepalive = isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled
-                ? AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS
-                : DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT;
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                expectedKeepalive,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-    }
-
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile makeIkeV2VpnProfile(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-            int keepaliveInProfile,
-            int ipVersionInProfile,
-            int encapTypeInProfile) {
-        // TODO: Update helper function in IkeSessionTestUtils to support building IkeSessionParams
-        // with IP version and encap type when mainline-prod branch support these two APIs.
-        final IkeSessionParams params = getTestIkeSessionParams(true /* testIpv6 */,
-                new IkeFqdnIdentification(TEST_IDENTITY), keepaliveInProfile);
-        final IkeSessionParams ikeSessionParams = new IkeSessionParams.Builder(params)
-                .setIpVersion(ipVersionInProfile)
-                .setEncapType(encapTypeInProfile)
-                .build();
-
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(ikeSessionParams, CHILD_PARAMS);
-        return new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams)
-                .setBypassable(true)
-                .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled)
-                .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled)
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-            int keepaliveInProfile,
-            int ipVersionInProfile,
-            int encapTypeInProfile) throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-                isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled, keepaliveInProfile, ipVersionInProfile,
-                encapTypeInProfile, new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-            int keepaliveInProfile,
-            int ipVersionInProfile,
-            int encapTypeInProfile,
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = makeIkeV2VpnProfile(
-                isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-                isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-                keepaliveInProfile,
-                ipVersionInProfile,
-                encapTypeInProfile);
-
-        final IkeSessionParams ikeSessionParams =
-                ikeProfile.getIkeTunnelConnectionParams().getIkeSessionParams();
-        final int expectedKeepalive = isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled
-                ? AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS
-                : ikeSessionParams.getNattKeepAliveDelaySeconds();
-        final int expectedIpVersion = isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled
-                ? ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO
-                : ikeSessionParams.getIpVersion();
-        final int expectedEncapType = isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled
-                ? ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO
-                : ikeSessionParams.getEncapType();
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(), expectedKeepalive,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, nc);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void doTestMigrateIkeSession_Vcn() throws Exception {
-        final int expectedKeepalive = 2097; // Any unlikely number will do
-        final NetworkCapabilities vcnNc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .setTransportInfo(new VcnTransportInfo(TEST_SUB_ID, expectedKeepalive))
-                .build();
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikev2VpnProfile = makeIkeV2VpnProfile(
-                true /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                234 /* keepaliveInProfile */, // Should be ignored, any value will do
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4, // Should be ignored
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP // Should be ignored
-        );
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession(
-                ikev2VpnProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                expectedKeepalive,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                vcnNc);
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession(
-            @NonNull final VpnProfile profile,
-            final int expectedKeepalive,
-            final int expectedIpVersion,
-            final int expectedEncapType,
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps) throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(profile,
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        caps /* underlying network capabilities */,
-                        false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        expectedKeepalive < DEFAULT_LONG_LIVED_TCP_CONNS_EXPENSIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC);
-        // Simulate a new network coming up
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, caps);
-        // Verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, expectedKeepalive);
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLinkPropertiesUpdateTriggerReevaluation() throws Exception {
-        final boolean hasV6 = true;
-
-        mockCarrierConfig(TEST_SUB_ID, TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_ESP);
-        final IkeSessionParams params = getTestIkeSessionParams(hasV6,
-                new IkeFqdnIdentification(TEST_IDENTITY), TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(params, CHILD_PARAMS);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams)
-                .setBypassable(true)
-                .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(false)
-                .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(true)
-                .build();
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build() /* underlying network caps */,
-                        hasV6 /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Simulate a new network coming up
-        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/32"));
-
-        // Have the executor use the real delay to make sure schedule() was called only
-        // once for all calls. Also, arrange for execute() not to call schedule() to avoid
-        // messing with the checks for schedule().
-        mExecutor.delayMs = TestExecutor.REAL_DELAY;
-        mExecutor.executeDirect = true;
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(
-                TEST_NETWORK_2, new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        verify(mExecutor).schedule(any(Runnable.class), longThat(it -> it > 0), any());
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-
-        // Verify the network is started
-        order.verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO, ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-
-        // Send the same properties, check that no migration is scheduled
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        verify(mExecutor, never()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-
-        // Add v6 address, verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        order.verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO, ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-
-        // Add another v4 address, verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        final LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
-        stacked.setInterfaceName("v4-" + lp.getInterfaceName());
-        stacked.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.168.0.1/32"));
-        lp.addStackedLink(stacked);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        order.verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO, ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    private void mockCarrierConfig(int subId, int simStatus, int keepaliveTimer, int ikeProtocol) {
-        final SubscriptionInfo subscriptionInfo = mock(SubscriptionInfo.class);
-        doReturn(subId).when(subscriptionInfo).getSubscriptionId();
-        doReturn(List.of(subscriptionInfo)).when(mSubscriptionManager)
-                .getActiveSubscriptionInfoList();
-
-        doReturn(simStatus).when(mTmPerSub).getSimApplicationState();
-        doReturn(TEST_MCCMNC).when(mTmPerSub).getSimOperator(subId);
-
-        final PersistableBundle persistableBundle = new PersistableBundle();
-        persistableBundle.putInt(KEY_MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT, keepaliveTimer);
-        persistableBundle.putInt(KEY_PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_INT, ikeProtocol);
-        // For CarrierConfigManager.isConfigForIdentifiedCarrier check
-        persistableBundle.putBoolean(KEY_CARRIER_CONFIG_APPLIED_BOOL, true);
-        doReturn(persistableBundle).when(mConfigManager).getConfigForSubId(subId);
-    }
-
-    private CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener getCarrierConfigListener() {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener> listenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener.class);
-
-        verify(mConfigManager).registerCarrierConfigChangeListener(any(), listenerCaptor.capture());
-
-        return listenerCaptor.getValue();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig_noSubId() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(new NetworkCapabilities(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                false /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig_simAbsent() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_ABSENT,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                false /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_AUTO,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig_NotCell() throws Exception {
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().build())
-                .build();
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(nc,
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                false /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v4UDP() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4 /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v6ESP() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_ESP,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV6 /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_NONE /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v6UDP() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_UDP,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV6 /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    private NetworkCapabilities createTestCellNc() {
-        return new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
-                        .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUB_ID)
-                        .build())
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    private void doTestReadCarrierConfig(NetworkCapabilities nc, int simState, int preferredIpProto,
-            int expectedKeepaliveTimer, int expectedIpVersion, int expectedEncapType,
-            boolean expectedReadFromCarrierConfig,
-            boolean areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive)
-            throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK)
-                        .setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */)
-                        .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(true)
-                        .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(true)
-                        .build();
-
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build() /* underlying network caps */,
-                        false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-
-        final CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener listener =
-                getCarrierConfigListener();
-
-        // Simulate a new network coming up
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        // Migration will not be started until receiving network capabilities change.
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-
-        reset(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-        mockCarrierConfig(TEST_SUB_ID, simState, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER, preferredIpProto);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, nc);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, expectedKeepaliveTimer);
-        if (expectedReadFromCarrierConfig) {
-            final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
-                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
-            verify(mMockNetworkAgent, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                    .doSendNetworkCapabilities(ncCaptor.capture());
-
-            final VpnTransportInfo info =
-                    (VpnTransportInfo) ncCaptor.getValue().getTransportInfo();
-            assertEquals(areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive,
-                    info.areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive());
-        } else {
-            verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).doSendNetworkCapabilities(any());
-        }
-
-        reset(mExecutor);
-        reset(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Trigger carrier config change
-        listener.onCarrierConfigChanged(1 /* logicalSlotIndex */, TEST_SUB_ID,
-                -1 /* carrierId */, -1 /* specificCarrierId */);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, expectedKeepaliveTimer);
-        // Expect no NetworkCapabilities change.
-        // Call to doSendNetworkCapabilities() will not be triggered.
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).doSendNetworkCapabilities(any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpn_mtuDoesNotSupportIpv6() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */);
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpn_underlyingNetworkNotChange() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        // Trigger update on the same network should not cause underlying network change in NC of
-        // the VPN network
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                        .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUB_ID))
-                        .build());
-        // Verify setNetwork() called but no underlying network update
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(eq(TEST_NETWORK),
-                eq(ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO) /* ipVersion */,
-                eq(ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO) /* encapType */,
-                eq(DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT) /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never())
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(any());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-
-        // A new network should trigger both setNetwork() and a underlying network update.
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(eq(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                eq(ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO) /* ipVersion */,
-                eq(ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO) /* encapType */,
-                eq(DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT) /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSetUnderlyingNetworks(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnMobility_mobikeEnabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        // Set new MTU on a different network
-        final int newMtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU + 1;
-        doReturn(newMtu).when(mTestDeps).calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyBoolean());
-
-        // Mock network loss and verify a cleanup task is scheduled
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-        verify(mExecutor, atLeastOnce()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-
-        // Mock new network comes up and the cleanup task is cancelled
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        // Verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(eq(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                eq(ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO) /* ipVersion */,
-                eq(ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO) /* encapType */,
-                eq(DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT) /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        // Verify mNetworkCapabilities is updated
-        assertEquals(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent)
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-
-        // Mock the MOBIKE procedure
-        vpnSnapShot.ikeCb.onIkeSessionConnectionInfoChanged(createIkeConnectInfo_2());
-        vpnSnapShot.childCb.onIpSecTransformsMigrated(
-                createIpSecTransform(), createIpSecTransform());
-
-        verify(mIpSecService).setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
-                eq(TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID), eq(TEST_NETWORK_2), anyString());
-
-        // Expect 2 times: one for initial setup and one for MOBIKE
-        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(2);
-
-        // Verify mNetworkAgent is updated
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendLinkProperties(argThat(lp -> lp.getMtu() == newMtu));
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).unregister();
-        // No further doSetUnderlyingNetworks interaction. The interaction count should stay one.
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, times(1)).doSetUnderlyingNetworks(any());
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnMobility_mobikeEnabledMtuDoesNotSupportIpv6() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        // Set MTU below 1280
-        final int newMtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU - 1;
-        doReturn(newMtu).when(mTestDeps).calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyBoolean());
-
-        // Mock new network available & MOBIKE procedures
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        // Verify mNetworkCapabilities is updated
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-        assertEquals(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.ikeCb.onIkeSessionConnectionInfoChanged(createIkeConnectInfo_2());
-        vpnSnapShot.childCb.onIpSecTransformsMigrated(
-                createIpSecTransform(), createIpSecTransform());
-
-        // Verify removal of IPv6 addresses and routes triggers a network agent restart
-        final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-        verify(mTestDeps, times(2))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), anyString(), any(), lpCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                        any(), any());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).unregister();
-        // mMockNetworkAgent is an old NetworkAgent, so it won't update LinkProperties after
-        // unregistering.
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).doSendLinkProperties(any());
-
-        final LinkProperties lp = lpCaptor.getValue();
-
-        for (LinkAddress addr : lp.getLinkAddresses()) {
-            if (addr.isIpv6()) {
-                fail("IPv6 address found on VPN with MTU < IPv6 minimum MTU");
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (InetAddress dnsAddr : lp.getDnsServers()) {
-            if (dnsAddr instanceof Inet6Address) {
-                fail("IPv6 DNS server found on VPN with MTU < IPv6 minimum MTU");
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (RouteInfo routeInfo : lp.getRoutes()) {
-            if (routeInfo.getDestinationLinkAddress().isIpv6()
-                    && !routeInfo.isIPv6UnreachableDefault()) {
-                fail("IPv6 route found on VPN with MTU < IPv6 minimum MTU");
-            }
-        }
-
-        assertEquals(newMtu, lp.getMtu());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnReestablishes_mobikeDisabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        // Forget the first IKE creation to be prepared to capture callbacks of the second
-        // IKE session
-        resetIkev2SessionCreator(mock(Vpn.IkeSessionWrapper.class));
-
-        // Mock network switch
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        // The old IKE Session will not be killed until receiving network capabilities change.
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).kill();
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(
-                TEST_NETWORK_2, new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        // Verify the old IKE Session is killed
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).kill();
-
-        // Capture callbacks of the new IKE Session
-        final Pair<IkeSessionCallback, ChildSessionCallback> cbPair =
-                verifyCreateIkeAndCaptureCbs();
-        final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = cbPair.first;
-        final ChildSessionCallback childCb = cbPair.second;
-
-        // Mock the IKE Session setup
-        ikeCb.onOpened(createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo_2(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN);
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT);
-        childCb.onOpened(createChildConfig());
-
-        // Expect 2 times since there have been two Session setups
-        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(2);
-
-        // Verify mNetworkCapabilities and mNetworkAgent are updated
-        assertEquals(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent)
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    private String getDump(@NonNull final Vpn vpn) {
-        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
-        final IndentingPrintWriter writer = new IndentingPrintWriter(sw, "");
-        vpn.dump(writer);
-        writer.flush();
-        return sw.toString();
-    }
-
-    private int countMatches(@NonNull final Pattern regexp, @NonNull final String string) {
-        final Matcher m = regexp.matcher(string);
-        int i = 0;
-        while (m.find()) ++i;
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNCEventChanges() throws Exception {
-        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
-                .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(1000)
-                .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(500);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK)
-                        .setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */)
-                        .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(true)
-                        .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(true)
-                        .build();
-
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        ncBuilder.build(), false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-
-        // Calls to onCapabilitiesChanged will be thrown to the executor for execution ; by
-        // default this will incur a 10ms delay before it's executed, messing with the timing
-        // of the log and having the checks for counts in equals() below flake.
-        mExecutor.executeDirect = true;
-
-        // First nc changed triggered by verifySetupPlatformVpn
-        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("Cap changed from", Pattern.MULTILINE);
-        final String stage1 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        assertEquals(1, countMatches(pattern, stage1));
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage2 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Was the same caps, there should still be only 1 match
-        assertEquals(1, countMatches(pattern, stage2));
-
-        ncBuilder.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(1200)
-                .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(300);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage3 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Was not an important change, should not be logged, still only 1 match
-        assertEquals(1, countMatches(pattern, stage3));
-
-        ncBuilder.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage4 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Change to caps is important, should cause a new match
-        assertEquals(2, countMatches(pattern, stage4));
-
-        ncBuilder.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
-        ncBuilder.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(600);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage5 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Change to caps is important, should cause a new match even with the unimportant change
-        assertEquals(3, countMatches(pattern, stage5));
-    }
-    // TODO : beef up event logs tests
-
-    private void verifyHandlingNetworkLoss(PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot) throws Exception {
-        // Forget the #sendLinkProperties during first setup.
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Mock network loss
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-
-        // Mock the grace period expires
-        verify(mExecutor, atLeastOnce()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .doSendLinkProperties(lpCaptor.capture());
-        final LinkProperties lp = lpCaptor.getValue();
-
-        assertNull(lp.getInterfaceName());
-        final List<RouteInfo> expectedRoutes = Arrays.asList(
-                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null /* gateway */,
-                        null /* iface */, RTN_UNREACHABLE),
-                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null /* gateway */,
-                        null /* iface */, RTN_UNREACHABLE));
-        assertEquals(expectedRoutes, lp.getRoutes());
-
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).unregister();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnHandlesNetworkLoss_mobikeEnabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        verifyHandlingNetworkLoss(vpnSnapShot);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnHandlesNetworkLoss_mobikeDisabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        verifyHandlingNetworkLoss(vpnSnapShot);
-    }
-
-    private ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback getConnectivityDiagCallback() {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> cdcCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.class);
-        verify(mCdm).registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
-                any(), any(), cdcCaptor.capture());
-        return cdcCaptor.getValue();
-    }
-
-    private DataStallReport createDataStallReport() {
-        return new DataStallReport(TEST_NETWORK, 1234 /* reportTimestamp */,
-                1 /* detectionMethod */, new LinkProperties(), new NetworkCapabilities(),
-                new PersistableBundle());
-    }
-
-    private void verifyMobikeTriggered(List<Network> expected, int retryIndex) {
-        // Verify retry is scheduled
-        final long expectedDelayMs = mTestDeps.getValidationFailRecoveryMs(retryIndex);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Long> delayCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Long.class);
-        verify(mExecutor, times(retryIndex + 1)).schedule(
-                any(Runnable.class), delayCaptor.capture(), eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-        final List<Long> delays = delayCaptor.getAllValues();
-        assertEquals(expectedDelayMs, (long) delays.get(delays.size() - 1));
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Network> networkCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Network.class);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS + expectedDelayMs))
-                .setNetwork(networkCaptor.capture(), anyInt() /* ipVersion */,
-                        anyInt() /* encapType */, anyInt() /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        assertEquals(expected, Collections.singletonList(networkCaptor.getValue()));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDataStallInIkev2VpnMobikeDisabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-
-        // Should not trigger MOBIKE if MOBIKE is not enabled
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any() /* network */,
-                anyInt() /* ipVersion */, anyInt() /* encapType */, anyInt() /* keepaliveDelay */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDataStallInIkev2VpnRecoveredByMobike() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        // Verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                0 /* retryIndex */);
-        // Validation failure on VPN network should trigger a re-evaluation request for the
-        // underlying network.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Send validation status update.
-        // Recovered and get network validated. It should not trigger the ike session reset.
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID);
-        // Verify that the retry count is reset. The mValidationFailRetryCount will not be reset
-        // until the executor finishes the execute() call, so wait until the all tasks are executed.
-        waitForIdleSerialExecutor(mExecutor, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        assertEquals(0,
-                ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).mValidationFailRetryCount);
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, never()).createIkeSession(
-                any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any());
-
-        reset(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Another validation fail should trigger another reportNetworkConnectivity
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                0 /* retryIndex */);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(2)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDataStallInIkev2VpnNotRecoveredByMobike() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        int retry = 0;
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                retry++);
-        // Validation failure on VPN network should trigger a re-evaluation request for the
-        // underlying network.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-
-        // Second validation status update.
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                retry++);
-        // Call to reportNetworkConnectivity should only happen once. No further interaction.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-
-        // Use real delay to verify reset session will not be performed if there is an existing
-        // recovery for resetting the session.
-        mExecutor.delayMs = TestExecutor.REAL_DELAY;
-        mExecutor.executeDirect = true;
-        // Send validation status update should result in ike session reset.
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-
-        // Verify session reset is scheduled
-        long expectedDelay = mTestDeps.getValidationFailRecoveryMs(retry++);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Long> delayCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Long.class);
-        verify(mExecutor, times(retry)).schedule(any(Runnable.class), delayCaptor.capture(),
-                eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-        final List<Long> delays = delayCaptor.getAllValues();
-        assertEquals(expectedDelay, (long) delays.get(delays.size() - 1));
-        // Call to reportNetworkConnectivity should only happen once. No further interaction.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-
-        // Another invalid status reported should not trigger other scheduled recovery.
-        expectedDelay = mTestDeps.getValidationFailRecoveryMs(retry++);
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verify(mExecutor, never()).schedule(
-                any(Runnable.class), eq(expectedDelay), eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-
-        // Verify that session being reset
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS + expectedDelay))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any());
-        // Call to reportNetworkConnectivity should only happen once. No further interaction.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartRacoonNumericAddress() throws Exception {
-        startRacoon("1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartRacoonHostname() throws Exception {
-        startRacoon("hostname", "5.6.7.8"); // address returned by deps.resolve
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPptp() throws Exception {
-        startPptp(true /* useMppe */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPptp_NoMppe() throws Exception {
-        startPptp(false /* useMppe */);
-    }
-
-    private void assertTransportInfoMatches(NetworkCapabilities nc, int type) {
-        assertNotNull(nc);
-        VpnTransportInfo ti = (VpnTransportInfo) nc.getTransportInfo();
-        assertNotNull(ti);
-        assertEquals(type, ti.getType());
-    }
-
-    private void startPptp(boolean useMppe) throws Exception {
-        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile("testProfile" /* key */);
-        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_PPTP;
-        profile.name = "testProfileName";
-        profile.username = "userName";
-        profile.password = "thePassword";
-        profile.server = "192.0.2.123";
-        profile.mppe = useMppe;
-
-        doReturn(new Network[] { new Network(101) }).when(mConnectivityManager).getAllNetworks();
-        doReturn(new Network(102)).when(mConnectivityManager).registerNetworkAgent(
-                any(), // INetworkAgent
-                any(), // NetworkInfo
-                any(), // LinkProperties
-                any(), // NetworkCapabilities
-                any(), // LocalNetworkConfig
-                any(), // NetworkScore
-                any(), // NetworkAgentConfig
-                anyInt()); // provider ID
-
-        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id), profile);
-        final TestDeps deps = (TestDeps) vpn.mDeps;
-
-        testAndCleanup(() -> {
-            final String[] mtpdArgs = deps.mtpdArgs.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-            final String[] argsPrefix = new String[]{
-                    EGRESS_IFACE, "pptp", profile.server, "1723", "name", profile.username,
-                    "password", profile.password, "linkname", "vpn", "refuse-eap", "nodefaultroute",
-                    "usepeerdns", "idle", "1800", "mtu", "1270", "mru", "1270"
-            };
-            assertArrayEquals(argsPrefix, Arrays.copyOf(mtpdArgs, argsPrefix.length));
-            if (useMppe) {
-                assertEquals(argsPrefix.length + 2, mtpdArgs.length);
-                assertEquals("+mppe", mtpdArgs[argsPrefix.length]);
-                assertEquals("-pap", mtpdArgs[argsPrefix.length + 1]);
-            } else {
-                assertEquals(argsPrefix.length + 1, mtpdArgs.length);
-                assertEquals("nomppe", mtpdArgs[argsPrefix.length]);
-            }
-
-            verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(10_000)).registerNetworkAgent(
-                    any(), // INetworkAgent
-                    any(), // NetworkInfo
-                    any(), // LinkProperties
-                    any(), // NetworkCapabilities
-                    any(), // LocalNetworkConfig
-                    any(), // NetworkScore
-                    any(), // NetworkAgentConfig
-                    anyInt()); // provider ID
-        }, () -> { // Cleanup
-                vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-                deps.getStateFile().delete(); // set to delete on exit, but this deletes it earlier
-                vpn.mVpnRunner.join(10_000); // wait for up to 10s for the runner to die and cleanup
-            });
-    }
-
-    public void startRacoon(final String serverAddr, final String expectedAddr)
-            throws Exception {
-        final ConditionVariable legacyRunnerReady = new ConditionVariable();
-        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile("testProfile" /* key */);
-        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK;
-        profile.name = "testProfileName";
-        profile.username = "userName";
-        profile.password = "thePassword";
-        profile.server = serverAddr;
-        profile.ipsecIdentifier = "id";
-        profile.ipsecSecret = "secret";
-        profile.l2tpSecret = "l2tpsecret";
-
-        when(mConnectivityManager.getAllNetworks())
-            .thenReturn(new Network[] { new Network(101) });
-
-        when(mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(),
-                any(), any(), any(), anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocation -> {
-                    // The runner has registered an agent and is now ready.
-                    legacyRunnerReady.open();
-                    return new Network(102);
-                });
-        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id), profile);
-        final TestDeps deps = (TestDeps) vpn.mDeps;
-        try {
-            // udppsk and 1701 are the values for TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK
-            assertArrayEquals(
-                    new String[] { EGRESS_IFACE, expectedAddr, "udppsk",
-                            profile.ipsecIdentifier, profile.ipsecSecret, "1701" },
-                    deps.racoonArgs.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-            // literal values are hardcoded in Vpn.java for mtpd args
-            assertArrayEquals(
-                    new String[] { EGRESS_IFACE, "l2tp", expectedAddr, "1701", profile.l2tpSecret,
-                            "name", profile.username, "password", profile.password,
-                            "linkname", "vpn", "refuse-eap", "nodefaultroute", "usepeerdns",
-                            "idle", "1800", "mtu", "1270", "mru", "1270" },
-                    deps.mtpdArgs.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-
-            // Now wait for the runner to be ready before testing for the route.
-            ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-            ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
-                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
-            verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(10_000)).registerNetworkAgent(any(), any(),
-                    lpCaptor.capture(), ncCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any(), anyInt());
-
-            // In this test the expected address is always v4 so /32.
-            // Note that the interface needs to be specified because RouteInfo objects stored in
-            // LinkProperties objects always acquire the LinkProperties' interface.
-            final RouteInfo expectedRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(expectedAddr + "/32"),
-                    null, EGRESS_IFACE, RouteInfo.RTN_THROW);
-            final List<RouteInfo> actualRoutes = lpCaptor.getValue().getRoutes();
-            assertTrue("Expected throw route (" + expectedRoute + ") not found in " + actualRoutes,
-                    actualRoutes.contains(expectedRoute));
-
-            assertTransportInfoMatches(ncCaptor.getValue(), VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY);
-        } finally {
-            // Now interrupt the thread, unblock the runner and clean up.
-            vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-            deps.getStateFile().delete(); // set to delete on exit, but this deletes it earlier
-            vpn.mVpnRunner.join(10_000); // wait for up to 10s for the runner to die and cleanup
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Make it public and un-final so as to spy it
-    public class TestDeps extends Vpn.Dependencies {
-        public final CompletableFuture<String[]> racoonArgs = new CompletableFuture();
-        public final CompletableFuture<String[]> mtpdArgs = new CompletableFuture();
-        public final File mStateFile;
-
-        private final HashMap<String, Boolean> mRunningServices = new HashMap<>();
-
-        TestDeps() {
-            try {
-                mStateFile = File.createTempFile("vpnTest", ".tmp");
-                mStateFile.deleteOnExit();
-            } catch (final IOException e) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean isCallerSystem() {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void startService(final String serviceName) {
-            mRunningServices.put(serviceName, true);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void stopService(final String serviceName) {
-            mRunningServices.put(serviceName, false);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean isServiceRunning(final String serviceName) {
-            return mRunningServices.getOrDefault(serviceName, false);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean isServiceStopped(final String serviceName) {
-            return !isServiceRunning(serviceName);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public File getStateFile() {
-            return mStateFile;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public PendingIntent getIntentForStatusPanel(Context context) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void sendArgumentsToDaemon(
-                final String daemon, final LocalSocket socket, final String[] arguments,
-                final Vpn.RetryScheduler interruptChecker) throws IOException {
-            if ("racoon".equals(daemon)) {
-                racoonArgs.complete(arguments);
-            } else if ("mtpd".equals(daemon)) {
-                writeStateFile(arguments);
-                mtpdArgs.complete(arguments);
-            } else {
-                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported daemon : " + daemon);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private void writeStateFile(final String[] arguments) throws IOException {
-            mStateFile.delete();
-            mStateFile.createNewFile();
-            mStateFile.deleteOnExit();
-            final BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
-                    new FileWriter(mStateFile, false /* append */));
-            writer.write(EGRESS_IFACE);
-            writer.write("\n");
-            // addresses
-            writer.write("10.0.0.1/24\n");
-            // routes
-            writer.write("192.168.6.0/24\n");
-            // dns servers
-            writer.write("192.168.6.1\n");
-            // search domains
-            writer.write("vpn.searchdomains.com\n");
-            // endpoint - intentionally empty
-            writer.write("\n");
-            writer.flush();
-            writer.close();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        @NonNull
-        public InetAddress resolve(final String endpoint) {
-            try {
-                // If a numeric IP address, return it.
-                return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(endpoint);
-            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-                // Otherwise, return some token IP to test for.
-                return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("5.6.7.8");
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean isInterfacePresent(final Vpn vpn, final String iface) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public ParcelFileDescriptor adoptFd(Vpn vpn, int mtu) {
-            return new ParcelFileDescriptor(new FileDescriptor());
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public int jniCreate(Vpn vpn, int mtu) {
-            // Pick a random positive number as fd to return.
-            return 345;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public String jniGetName(Vpn vpn, int fd) {
-            return TEST_IFACE_NAME;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public int jniSetAddresses(Vpn vpn, String interfaze, String addresses) {
-            if (addresses == null) return 0;
-            // Return the number of addresses.
-            return addresses.split(" ").length;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void setBlocking(FileDescriptor fd, boolean blocking) {}
-
-        @Override
-        public DeviceIdleInternal getDeviceIdleInternal() {
-            return mDeviceIdleInternal;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public long getNextRetryDelayMs(int retryCount) {
-            // Simply return retryCount as the delay seconds for retrying.
-            return retryCount * 1000;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public long getValidationFailRecoveryMs(int retryCount) {
-            // Simply return retryCount as the delay seconds for retrying.
-            return retryCount * 100L;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor newScheduledThreadPoolExecutor() {
-            return mExecutor;
-        }
-
-        public boolean mIgnoreCallingUidChecks = true;
-        @Override
-        public void verifyCallingUidAndPackage(Context context, String packageName, int userId) {
-            if (!mIgnoreCallingUidChecks) {
-                super.verifyCallingUidAndPackage(context, packageName, userId);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Mock some methods of vpn object.
-     */
-    private Vpn createVpn(@UserIdInt int userId) {
-        final Context asUserContext = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mContext));
-        doReturn(UserHandle.of(userId)).when(asUserContext).getUser();
-        when(mContext.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.of(userId)), anyInt()))
-                .thenReturn(asUserContext);
-        final TestLooper testLooper = new TestLooper();
-        final Vpn vpn = new Vpn(testLooper.getLooper(), mContext, mTestDeps, mNetService,
-                mNetd, userId, mVpnProfileStore, mSystemServices, mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).registerNetworkProvider(argThat(
-                provider -> provider.getName().contains("VpnNetworkProvider")
-        ));
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Populate {@link #mUserManager} with a list of fake users.
-     */
-    private void setMockedUsers(UserInfo... users) {
-        final Map<Integer, UserInfo> userMap = new ArrayMap<>();
-        for (UserInfo user : users) {
-            userMap.put(user.id, user);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * @see UserManagerService#getUsers(boolean)
-         */
-        doAnswer(invocation -> {
-            final ArrayList<UserInfo> result = new ArrayList<>(users.length);
-            for (UserInfo ui : users) {
-                if (ui.isEnabled() && !ui.partial) {
-                    result.add(ui);
-                }
-            }
-            return result;
-        }).when(mUserManager).getAliveUsers();
-
-        doAnswer(invocation -> {
-            final int id = (int) invocation.getArguments()[0];
-            return userMap.get(id);
-        }).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(anyInt());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Populate {@link #mPackageManager} with a fake packageName-to-UID mapping.
-     */
-    private void setMockedPackages(final Map<String, Integer> packages) {
-        try {
-            doAnswer(invocation -> {
-                final String appName = (String) invocation.getArguments()[0];
-                final int userId = (int) invocation.getArguments()[1];
-                Integer appId = packages.get(appName);
-                if (appId == null) throw new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(appName);
-                return UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
-            }).when(mPackageManager).getPackageUidAsUser(anyString(), anyInt());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
index a86f923..df48f6c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -16,22 +16,29 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns
 
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.res.Resources
 import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
 import android.net.LinkAddress
 import android.net.Network
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
 import android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine
 import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_SERVICE
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSocketProvider.SocketCallback
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
+import java.time.Duration
 import java.util.Objects
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
@@ -54,9 +61,10 @@
 
 private const val SERVICE_ID_1 = 1
 private const val SERVICE_ID_2 = 2
-private const val LONG_SERVICE_ID_1 = 3
-private const val LONG_SERVICE_ID_2 = 4
-private const val CASE_INSENSITIVE_TEST_SERVICE_ID = 5
+private const val SERVICE_ID_3 = 3
+private const val LONG_SERVICE_ID_1 = 4
+private const val LONG_SERVICE_ID_2 = 5
+private const val CASE_INSENSITIVE_TEST_SERVICE_ID = 6
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
 private val TEST_ADDR = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")
 private val TEST_ADDR2 = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::124")
@@ -67,10 +75,13 @@
 private val TEST_SOCKETKEY_2 = SocketKey(1002 /* interfaceIndex */)
 private val TEST_HOSTNAME = arrayOf("Android_test", "local")
 private const val TEST_SUBTYPE = "_subtype"
+private const val TEST_SUBTYPE2 = "_subtype2"
 private val TEST_INTERFACE1 = "test_iface1"
 private val TEST_INTERFACE2 = "test_iface2"
+private val TEST_CLIENT_UID_1 = 10010
 private val TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET1 = byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x02, 0x03)
 private val TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET2 = byteArrayOf(0x02, 0x03, 0x04)
+private val DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION = MdnsAdvertisingOptions.getDefaultOptions()
 
 private val SERVICE_1 = NsdServiceInfo("TestServiceName", "_advertisertest._tcp").apply {
     port = 12345
@@ -78,6 +89,13 @@
     network = TEST_NETWORK_1
 }
 
+private val SERVICE_1_SUBTYPE = NsdServiceInfo("TestServiceName", "_advertisertest._tcp").apply {
+    subtypes = setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE)
+    port = 12345
+    hostAddresses = listOf(TEST_ADDR)
+    network = TEST_NETWORK_1
+}
+
 private val LONG_SERVICE_1 =
     NsdServiceInfo("a".repeat(48) + "TestServiceName", "_longadvertisertest._tcp").apply {
     port = 12345
@@ -91,6 +109,14 @@
     network = null
 }
 
+private val ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE =
+        NsdServiceInfo("TestServiceName", "_advertisertest._tcp").apply {
+    subtypes = setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE)
+    port = 12345
+    hostAddresses = listOf(TEST_ADDR)
+    network = null
+}
+
 private val ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_2 =
     NsdServiceInfo("TESTSERVICENAME", "_ADVERTISERTEST._tcp").apply {
         port = 12345
@@ -132,6 +158,12 @@
     OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong()
 )
 
+private val SERVICES_PRIORITY_LIST = arrayOf(
+    "0:_advertisertest._tcp",
+    "5:_prioritytest._udp",
+    "5:_otherprioritytest._tcp"
+)
+
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 class MdnsAdvertiserTest {
@@ -146,6 +178,8 @@
     private val mockInterfaceAdvertiser1 = mock(MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser::class.java)
     private val mockInterfaceAdvertiser2 = mock(MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser::class.java)
     private val mockDeps = mock(MdnsAdvertiser.Dependencies::class.java)
+    private val context = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val resources = mock(Resources::class.java)
     private val flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled(true).build()
 
     @Before
@@ -166,12 +200,21 @@
         doReturn(TEST_INTERFACE2).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).socketInterfaceName
         doReturn(TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET1).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).getRawOffloadPayload(
             SERVICE_ID_1)
+        doReturn(TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET1).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).getRawOffloadPayload(
+            SERVICE_ID_2)
+        doReturn(TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET1).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).getRawOffloadPayload(
+            SERVICE_ID_3)
         doReturn(TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET1).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).getRawOffloadPayload(
             SERVICE_ID_1)
+        doReturn(resources).`when`(context).getResources()
+        doReturn(SERVICES_PRIORITY_LIST).`when`(resources).getStringArray(
+            R.array.config_nsdOffloadServicesPriority)
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(context)
     }
 
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null)
         thread.quitSafely()
         thread.join()
     }
@@ -185,8 +228,9 @@
     @Test
     fun testAddService_OneNetwork() {
         val advertiser =
-            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags)
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */) }
+            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
 
         val socketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
         verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(TEST_NETWORK_1), socketCbCaptor.capture())
@@ -213,7 +257,10 @@
         verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO_NO_SUBTYPE))
 
         // Service is conflicted.
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1) }
+        postSync {
+            intAdvCbCaptor.value
+                    .onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1, CONFLICT_SERVICE)
+        }
 
         // Verify the metrics data
         doReturn(25).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).getServiceRepliedRequestsCount(SERVICE_ID_1)
@@ -239,18 +286,18 @@
 
         postSync { socketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1) }
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).destroyNow()
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket1) }
         verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO_NO_SUBTYPE2))
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testAddService_AllNetworks() {
+    fun testAddService_AllNetworksWithSubType() {
         val advertiser =
-            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags)
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(SERVICE_ID_1, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE, TEST_SUBTYPE) }
+            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
 
         val socketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
-        verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE.network),
+        verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE.network),
                 socketCbCaptor.capture())
 
         val socketCb = socketCbCaptor.value
@@ -266,9 +313,9 @@
                 eq(thread.looper), any(), intAdvCbCaptor2.capture(), eq(TEST_HOSTNAME), any(), any()
         )
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(
-                anyInt(), eq(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE), eq(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+                anyInt(), eq(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE), any())
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).addService(
-                anyInt(), eq(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE), eq(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+                anyInt(), eq(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE), any())
 
         doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_1)
         postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
@@ -282,12 +329,21 @@
                 mockInterfaceAdvertiser2, SERVICE_ID_1) }
         verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE2), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
         verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(eq(SERVICE_ID_1),
-                argThat { it.matches(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE) })
+                argThat { it.matches(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE) })
 
         // Services are conflicted.
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1) }
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1) }
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor2.value.onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2, SERVICE_ID_1) }
+        postSync {
+            intAdvCbCaptor1.value
+                    .onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1, CONFLICT_SERVICE)
+        }
+        postSync {
+            intAdvCbCaptor1.value
+                    .onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1, CONFLICT_SERVICE)
+        }
+        postSync {
+            intAdvCbCaptor2.value
+                    .onServiceConflict(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2, SERVICE_ID_1, CONFLICT_SERVICE)
+        }
 
         // Verify the metrics data
         doReturn(10).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).getServiceRepliedRequestsCount(SERVICE_ID_1)
@@ -307,35 +363,97 @@
         verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
         verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE2), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
 
-        // Interface advertisers call onDestroyed after sending exit announcements
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket1) }
+        // Interface advertisers call onAllServicesRemoved after sending exit announcements
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onAllServicesRemoved(mockSocket1) }
         verify(socketProvider, never()).unrequestSocket(any())
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor2.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket2) }
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor2.value.onAllServicesRemoved(mockSocket2) }
         verify(socketProvider).unrequestSocket(socketCb)
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testAddService_OffloadPriority() {
+        val advertiser =
+            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
+        postSync {
+            advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1, DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION,
+                    TEST_CLIENT_UID_1)
+            advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_2,
+                NsdServiceInfo("TestService2", "_PRIORITYTEST._udp").apply {
+                    port = 12345
+                    hostAddresses = listOf(TEST_ADDR)
+                }, DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1)
+            advertiser.addOrUpdateService(
+                SERVICE_ID_3,
+                NsdServiceInfo("TestService3", "_notprioritized._tcp").apply {
+                    port = 12345
+                    hostAddresses = listOf(TEST_ADDR)
+                }, DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1)
+        }
+
+        val socketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
+        verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(SERVICE_1.network), socketCbCaptor.capture())
+
+        val socketCb = socketCbCaptor.value
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
+
+        val intAdvCbCaptor1 = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.Callback::class.java)
+        verify(mockDeps).makeAdvertiser(eq(mockSocket1), eq(listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)),
+            eq(thread.looper), any(), intAdvCbCaptor1.capture(), eq(TEST_HOSTNAME), any(), any()
+        )
+
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_1)
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_2)
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_3)
+        postSync {
+            intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1)
+            intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_2)
+            intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_3)
+        }
+
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO_NO_SUBTYPE))
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OffloadServiceInfo(
+            OffloadServiceInfo.Key("TestService2", "_PRIORITYTEST._udp"),
+            emptyList() /* subtypes */,
+            "Android_test.local",
+            TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET1,
+            5, /* priority */
+            OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong()
+        )))
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OffloadServiceInfo(
+            OffloadServiceInfo.Key("TestService3", "_notprioritized._tcp"),
+            emptyList() /* subtypes */,
+            "Android_test.local",
+            TEST_OFFLOAD_PACKET1,
+            Integer.MAX_VALUE, /* priority */
+            OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong()
+        )))
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testAddService_Conflicts() {
         val advertiser =
-            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags)
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */) }
+            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
 
         val oneNetSocketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
         verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(TEST_NETWORK_1), oneNetSocketCbCaptor.capture())
         val oneNetSocketCb = oneNetSocketCbCaptor.value
 
         // Register a service with the same name on all networks (name conflict)
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(SERVICE_ID_2, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE, null /* subtype */) }
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_2, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
         val allNetSocketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
         verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(null), allNetSocketCbCaptor.capture())
         val allNetSocketCb = allNetSocketCbCaptor.value
 
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(LONG_SERVICE_ID_1, LONG_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */) }
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(LONG_SERVICE_ID_2, LONG_ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE,
-                null /* subtype */) }
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(LONG_SERVICE_ID_1, LONG_SERVICE_1,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(LONG_SERVICE_ID_2, LONG_ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
 
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(CASE_INSENSITIVE_TEST_SERVICE_ID, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_2,
-                null /* subtype */) }
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(CASE_INSENSITIVE_TEST_SERVICE_ID,
+                ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_2, DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
 
         // Callbacks for matching network and all networks both get the socket
         postSync {
@@ -371,15 +489,15 @@
                 eq(thread.looper), any(), intAdvCbCaptor.capture(), eq(TEST_HOSTNAME), any(), any()
         )
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(eq(SERVICE_ID_1),
-                argThat { it.matches(SERVICE_1) }, eq(null))
+                argThat { it.matches(SERVICE_1) }, any())
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(eq(SERVICE_ID_2),
-                argThat { it.matches(expectedRenamed) }, eq(null))
+                argThat { it.matches(expectedRenamed) }, any())
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(eq(LONG_SERVICE_ID_1),
-                argThat { it.matches(LONG_SERVICE_1) }, eq(null))
+                argThat { it.matches(LONG_SERVICE_1) }, any())
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(eq(LONG_SERVICE_ID_2),
-            argThat { it.matches(expectedLongRenamed) }, eq(null))
+            argThat { it.matches(expectedLongRenamed) }, any())
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(eq(CASE_INSENSITIVE_TEST_SERVICE_ID),
-            argThat { it.matches(expectedCaseInsensitiveRenamed) }, eq(null))
+            argThat { it.matches(expectedCaseInsensitiveRenamed) }, any())
 
         doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_1)
         postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
@@ -400,11 +518,69 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testAddOrUpdateService_Updates() {
+        val advertiser =
+                MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags,
+                    context)
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
+
+        val socketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
+        verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(null), socketCbCaptor.capture())
+
+        val socketCb = socketCbCaptor.value
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
+
+        verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(eq(SERVICE_ID_1),
+                argThat { it.matches(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE) }, any())
+
+        val updateOptions = MdnsAdvertisingOptions.newBuilder().setIsOnlyUpdate(true).build()
+
+        // Update with serviceId that is not registered yet should fail
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_2, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE,
+                updateOptions, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
+        verify(cb).onRegisterServiceFailed(SERVICE_ID_2, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+        // Update service with different NsdServiceInfo should fail
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1_SUBTYPE, updateOptions,
+                TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
+        verify(cb).onRegisterServiceFailed(SERVICE_ID_1, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+        // Update service with same NsdServiceInfo but different subType should succeed
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE,
+                updateOptions, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
+        verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).updateService(eq(SERVICE_ID_1), eq(setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE)))
+
+        // Newly created MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser will get addService() call.
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_2, mockSocket2, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR2)) }
+        verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).addService(eq(SERVICE_ID_1),
+                argThat { it.matches(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE_SUBTYPE) }, any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddOrUpdateService_customTtl_registeredSuccess() {
+        val advertiser = MdnsAdvertiser(
+                thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
+        val updateOptions =
+                MdnsAdvertisingOptions.newBuilder().setTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(30)).build()
+
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE,
+                updateOptions, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
+
+        val socketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
+        verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(null), socketCbCaptor.capture())
+        val socketCb = socketCbCaptor.value
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
+        verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).addService(eq(SERVICE_ID_1), any(), eq(updateOptions))
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testRemoveService_whenAllServiceRemoved_thenUpdateHostName() {
         val advertiser =
-            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags)
+            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).generateHostname()
-        postSync { advertiser.addService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */) }
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1,
+                DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
         postSync { advertiser.removeService(SERVICE_ID_1) }
         verify(mockDeps, times(2)).generateHostname()
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt
index 2797462..27242f1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
     private val socket = mock(MdnsInterfaceSocket::class.java)
     private val sharedLog = mock(SharedLog::class.java)
     private val buffer = ByteArray(1500)
+    private val flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build()
 
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testAnnounce() {
         val replySender = MdnsReplySender(
-                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */)
+                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */, flags)
         @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
         val cb = mock(MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback::class.java)
                 as MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback<BaseAnnouncementInfo>
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java
index 331a5b6..b5c0132 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
 
 /** Tests for {@link MdnsDiscoveryManager}. */
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
 public class MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests {
@@ -64,8 +67,9 @@
     private static final String SERVICE_TYPE_2 = "_test._tcp.local";
     private static final Network NETWORK_1 = Mockito.mock(Network.class);
     private static final Network NETWORK_2 = Mockito.mock(Network.class);
+    private static final int INTERFACE_INDEX_NULL_NETWORK = 123;
     private static final SocketKey SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK =
-            new SocketKey(null /* network */, 999 /* interfaceIndex */);
+            new SocketKey(null /* network */, INTERFACE_INDEX_NULL_NETWORK);
     private static final SocketKey SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1 =
             new SocketKey(NETWORK_1, 998 /* interfaceIndex */);
     private static final SocketKey SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2 =
@@ -96,6 +100,8 @@
     private HandlerThread thread;
     private Handler handler;
 
+    private int createdServiceTypeClientCount;
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
@@ -105,11 +111,13 @@
         handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
         doReturn(thread.getLooper()).when(socketClient).getLooper();
         doReturn(true).when(socketClient).supportsRequestingSpecificNetworks();
+        createdServiceTypeClientCount = 0;
         discoveryManager = new MdnsDiscoveryManager(executorProvider, socketClient,
                 sharedLog, MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build()) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsServiceTypeClient createServiceTypeClient(@NonNull String serviceType,
                             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+                        createdServiceTypeClientCount++;
                         final Pair<String, SocketKey> perSocketServiceType =
                                 Pair.create(serviceType, socketKey);
                         if (perSocketServiceType.equals(PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NULL_NETWORK)) {
@@ -127,6 +135,7 @@
                                 PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_2)) {
                             return mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2;
                         }
+                        fail("Unexpected perSocketServiceType: " + perSocketServiceType);
                         return null;
                     }
                 };
@@ -134,9 +143,10 @@
     }
 
     @After
-    public void tearDown() {
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         if (thread != null) {
             thread.quitSafely();
+            thread.join();
         }
     }
 
@@ -322,7 +332,6 @@
 
         // Receive a response, it should be processed on the client.
         final MdnsPacket response = createMdnsPacket(SERVICE_TYPE_1);
-        final int ifIndex = 1;
         runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(response, SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).processResponse(
                 response, SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK);
@@ -348,6 +357,39 @@
         verify(socketClient, never()).stopDiscovery();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceIndexRequested_OnlyUsesSelectedInterface() throws IOException {
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
+                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                        .setNetwork(null /* network */)
+                        .setInterfaceIndex(INTERFACE_INDEX_NULL_NETWORK)
+                        .build();
+
+        final SocketCreationCallback callback = expectSocketCreationCallback(
+                SERVICE_TYPE_1, mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
+        final SocketKey unusedIfaceKey = new SocketKey(null, INTERFACE_INDEX_NULL_NETWORK + 1);
+        final SocketKey matchingIfaceWithNetworkKey =
+                new SocketKey(Mockito.mock(Network.class), INTERFACE_INDEX_NULL_NETWORK);
+        runOnHandler(() -> {
+            callback.onSocketCreated(unusedIfaceKey);
+            callback.onSocketCreated(matchingIfaceWithNetworkKey);
+            callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK);
+            callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1);
+        });
+        // Only the client for INTERFACE_INDEX_NULL_NETWORK is created
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).startSendAndReceive(
+                mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
+        assertEquals(1, createdServiceTypeClientCount);
+
+        runOnHandler(() -> {
+            callback.onSocketDestroyed(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1);
+            callback.onSocketDestroyed(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK);
+            callback.onSocketDestroyed(matchingIfaceWithNetworkKey);
+            callback.onSocketDestroyed(unusedIfaceKey);
+        });
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).notifySocketDestroyed();
+    }
+
     private MdnsPacket createMdnsPacket(String serviceType) {
         final String[] type = TextUtils.split(serviceType, "\\.");
         final ArrayList<String> name = new ArrayList<>(type.length + 1);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
index db41a6a..629ac67 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAnnouncer.BaseAnnouncementInfo
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAnnouncer.ExitAnnouncementInfo
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_SERVICE
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.EXIT_ANNOUNCEMENT_DELAY_MS
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsProber.ProbingInfo
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotSame
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Before
@@ -44,12 +46,15 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.any
 import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
 import org.mockito.Mockito.anyString
+import org.mockito.Mockito.argThat
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
 import org.mockito.Mockito.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
 import org.mockito.Mockito.times
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
 
 private const val LOG_TAG = "testlogtag"
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
@@ -59,12 +64,28 @@
 private val TEST_HOSTNAME = arrayOf("Android_test", "local")
 
 private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 = 42
+private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE = 43
+private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_2 = 44
 private val TEST_SERVICE_1 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
     serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
     serviceName = "MyTestService"
     port = 12345
 }
 
+private val TEST_SERVICE_1_SUBTYPE = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+    subtypes = setOf("_sub")
+    serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+    serviceName = "MyTestService"
+    port = 12345
+}
+
+private val TEST_SERVICE_1_CUSTOM_HOST = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+    serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+    serviceName = "MyTestService"
+    hostname = "MyTestHost"
+    port = 12345
+}
+
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 class MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest {
@@ -77,7 +98,8 @@
     private val announcer = mock(MdnsAnnouncer::class.java)
     private val prober = mock(MdnsProber::class.java)
     private val sharedlog = SharedLog("MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest")
-    private val flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build()
+    private val flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder()
+            .setIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled(true).build()
     @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
     private val probeCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(PacketRepeaterCallback::class.java)
             as ArgumentCaptor<PacketRepeaterCallback<ProbingInfo>>
@@ -108,7 +130,8 @@
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         doReturn(repository).`when`(deps).makeRecordRepository(any(), eq(TEST_HOSTNAME), any())
-        doReturn(replySender).`when`(deps).makeReplySender(anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any())
+        doReturn(replySender).`when`(deps).makeReplySender(
+                anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any())
         doReturn(announcer).`when`(deps).makeMdnsAnnouncer(anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any())
         doReturn(prober).`when`(deps).makeMdnsProber(anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any())
 
@@ -164,7 +187,94 @@
         // Exit announcements finish: the advertiser has no left service and destroys itself
         announceCb.onFinished(testExitInfo)
         thread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-        verify(cb).onDestroyed(socket)
+        verify(cb).onAllServicesRemoved(socket)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddRemoveServiceWithCustomHost_restartProbingForProbingServices() {
+        val customHost1 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyTestHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"))
+        }
+        addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, customHost1)
+        addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_1_CUSTOM_HOST)
+        repository.setServiceProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        val probingInfo = mock(ProbingInfo::class.java)
+        doReturn("MyTestHost")
+                .`when`(repository).getHostnameForServiceId(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        doReturn(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2).`when`(probingInfo).serviceId
+        doReturn(listOf(probingInfo))
+                .`when`(repository).restartProbingForHostname("MyTestHost")
+        val inOrder = inOrder(prober, announcer)
+
+        // Remove the custom host: the custom host's announcement is stopped and the probing
+        // services which use that hostname are re-announced.
+        advertiser.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+
+        inOrder.verify(prober).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        inOrder.verify(announcer).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        inOrder.verify(prober).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        inOrder.verify(prober).startProbing(probingInfo)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddRemoveServiceWithCustomHost_restartAnnouncingForProbedServices() {
+        val customHost1 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyTestHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"))
+        }
+        addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, customHost1)
+        val announcementInfo =
+                addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_1_CUSTOM_HOST)
+        doReturn("MyTestHost")
+                .`when`(repository).getHostnameForServiceId(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        doReturn(listOf(announcementInfo))
+                .`when`(repository).restartAnnouncingForHostname("MyTestHost")
+        val inOrder = inOrder(prober, announcer)
+
+        // Remove the custom host: the custom host's announcement is stopped and the probed services
+        // which use that hostname are re-announced.
+        advertiser.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+
+        inOrder.verify(prober).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        inOrder.verify(announcer).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        inOrder.verify(announcer).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        inOrder.verify(announcer).startSending(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, announcementInfo, 0L /* initialDelayMs */)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddMoreAddressesForCustomHost_restartAnnouncingForProbedServices() {
+        val customHost = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyTestHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"))
+        }
+        doReturn("MyTestHost")
+            .`when`(repository).getHostnameForServiceId(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        doReturn("MyTestHost")
+            .`when`(repository).getHostnameForServiceId(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        val announcementInfo1 =
+            addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1_CUSTOM_HOST)
+
+        val probingInfo2 = addServiceAndStartProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, customHost)
+        val announcementInfo2 = AnnouncementInfo(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, emptyList(), emptyList())
+        doReturn(announcementInfo2).`when`(repository).onProbingSucceeded(probingInfo2)
+        doReturn(listOf(announcementInfo1, announcementInfo2))
+            .`when`(repository).restartAnnouncingForHostname("MyTestHost")
+        probeCb.onFinished(probingInfo2)
+
+        val inOrder = inOrder(prober, announcer)
+
+        inOrder.verify(announcer)
+            .startSending(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, announcementInfo2, 0L /* initialDelayMs */)
+        inOrder.verify(announcer).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        inOrder.verify(announcer)
+            .startSending(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, announcementInfo1, 0L /* initialDelayMs */)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -190,7 +300,8 @@
     fun testReplyToQuery() {
         addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
 
-        val testReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 0, InetSocketAddress(0))
+        val testReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 0, InetSocketAddress(0),
+                InetSocketAddress(0), emptyList())
         doReturn(testReply).`when`(repository).getReply(any(), any())
 
         // Query obtained with:
@@ -204,7 +315,12 @@
         packetHandler.handlePacket(query, query.size, src)
 
         val packetCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsPacket::class.java)
-        verify(repository).getReply(packetCaptor.capture(), eq(src))
+        val srcCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(InetSocketAddress::class.java)
+        verify(repository).getReply(packetCaptor.capture(), srcCaptor.capture())
+
+        assertEquals(src, srcCaptor.value)
+        assertNotSame(src, srcCaptor.value, "src will be reused by the packetHandler, references " +
+                "to it should not be used outside of handlePacket.")
 
         packetCaptor.value.let {
             assertEquals(1, it.questions.size)
@@ -220,9 +336,116 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testReplyToQuery_TruncatedBitSet() {
+        addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::456"), MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT)
+        val testReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 400L, InetSocketAddress(0), src,
+                emptyList())
+        val knownAnswersReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 400L, InetSocketAddress(0),
+                src, emptyList())
+        val knownAnswersReply2 = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 0L, InetSocketAddress(0),
+                src, emptyList())
+        doReturn(testReply).`when`(repository).getReply(
+                argThat { pkg -> pkg.questions.size != 0 && pkg.answers.size == 0 &&
+                        (pkg.flags and MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED) != 0},
+                eq(src))
+        doReturn(knownAnswersReply).`when`(repository).getReply(
+                argThat { pkg -> pkg.questions.size == 0 && pkg.answers.size != 0 &&
+                        (pkg.flags and MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED) != 0},
+                eq(src))
+        doReturn(knownAnswersReply2).`when`(repository).getReply(
+                argThat { pkg -> pkg.questions.size == 0 && pkg.answers.size != 0 &&
+                        (pkg.flags and MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED) == 0},
+                eq(src))
+
+        // Query obtained with:
+        // scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(
+        //  tc = 1, qd = scapy.DNSQR(qtype='PTR', qname='_testservice._tcp.local'))
+        // ).hex().upper()
+        val query = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                "0000030000010000000000000C5F7465737473657276696365045F746370056C6F63616C00000C0001"
+        )
+
+        packetHandler.handlePacket(query, query.size, src)
+
+        val packetCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsPacket::class.java)
+        verify(repository).getReply(packetCaptor.capture(), eq(src))
+
+        packetCaptor.value.let {
+            assertTrue((it.flags and MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED) != 0)
+            assertEquals(1, it.questions.size)
+            assertEquals(0, it.answers.size)
+            assertEquals(0, it.authorityRecords.size)
+            assertEquals(0, it.additionalRecords.size)
+
+            assertTrue(it.questions[0] is MdnsPointerRecord)
+            assertContentEquals(arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), it.questions[0].name)
+        }
+
+        verify(replySender).queueReply(testReply)
+
+        // Known-Answer packet with truncated bit set obtained with:
+        // scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(
+        //   tc = 1, qd = None, an = scapy.DNSRR(type='PTR', rrname='_testtype._tcp.local',
+        //   rdata='othertestservice._testtype._tcp.local', rclass='IN', ttl=4500))
+        // ).hex().upper()
+        val knownAnswers = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                "000003000000000100000000095F7465737474797065045F746370056C6F63616C00000C0001000" +
+                        "011940027106F746865727465737473657276696365095F7465737474797065045F7463" +
+                        "70056C6F63616C00"
+        )
+
+        packetHandler.handlePacket(knownAnswers, knownAnswers.size, src)
+
+        verify(repository, times(2)).getReply(packetCaptor.capture(), eq(src))
+
+        packetCaptor.value.let {
+            assertTrue((it.flags and MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED) != 0)
+            assertEquals(0, it.questions.size)
+            assertEquals(1, it.answers.size)
+            assertEquals(0, it.authorityRecords.size)
+            assertEquals(0, it.additionalRecords.size)
+
+            assertTrue(it.answers[0] is MdnsPointerRecord)
+            assertContentEquals(arrayOf("_testtype", "_tcp", "local"), it.answers[0].name)
+        }
+
+        verify(replySender).queueReply(knownAnswersReply)
+
+        // Known-Answer packet obtained with:
+        // scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(
+        //   qd = None, an = scapy.DNSRR(type='PTR', rrname='_testtype._tcp.local',
+        //   rdata='testservice._testtype._tcp.local', rclass='IN', ttl=4500))
+        // ).hex().upper()
+        val knownAnswers2 = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                "000001000000000100000000095F7465737474797065045F746370056C6F63616C00000C0001000" +
+                        "0119400220B7465737473657276696365095F7465737474797065045F746370056C6F63" +
+                        "616C00"
+        )
+
+        packetHandler.handlePacket(knownAnswers2, knownAnswers2.size, src)
+
+        verify(repository, times(3)).getReply(packetCaptor.capture(), eq(src))
+
+        packetCaptor.value.let {
+            assertTrue((it.flags and MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED) == 0)
+            assertEquals(0, it.questions.size)
+            assertEquals(1, it.answers.size)
+            assertEquals(0, it.authorityRecords.size)
+            assertEquals(0, it.additionalRecords.size)
+
+            assertTrue(it.answers[0] is MdnsPointerRecord)
+            assertContentEquals(arrayOf("_testtype", "_tcp", "local"), it.answers[0].name)
+        }
+
+        verify(replySender).queueReply(knownAnswersReply2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testConflict() {
         addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
-        doReturn(setOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)).`when`(repository).getConflictingServices(any())
+        doReturn(mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_SERVICE))
+                .`when`(repository).getConflictingServices(any())
 
         // Reply obtained with:
         // scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(
@@ -248,7 +471,7 @@
         }
 
         thread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-        verify(cb).onServiceConflict(advertiser, TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        verify(cb).onServiceConflict(advertiser, TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, CONFLICT_SERVICE)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -272,18 +495,47 @@
         verify(prober).restartForConflict(mockProbingInfo)
     }
 
-    private fun addServiceAndFinishProbing(serviceId: Int, serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo):
-            AnnouncementInfo {
+    @Test
+    fun testReplaceExitingService() {
+        doReturn(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE).`when`(repository)
+                .addService(eq(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE), any(), any())
+        advertiser.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE, TEST_SERVICE_1_SUBTYPE,
+                MdnsAdvertisingOptions.getDefaultOptions())
+        verify(repository).addService(eq(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE), any(), any())
+        verify(announcer).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE)
+        verify(prober).startProbing(any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpdateExistingService() {
+        doReturn(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE).`when`(repository)
+                .addService(eq(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE), any(), any())
+        val subTypes = setOf("_sub")
+        advertiser.updateService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE, subTypes)
+        verify(repository).updateService(eq(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE), any())
+        verify(announcer, never()).stop(TEST_SERVICE_ID_DUPLICATE)
+        verify(prober, never()).startProbing(any())
+    }
+
+    private fun addServiceAndStartProbing(serviceId: Int, serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo):
+            ProbingInfo {
         val testProbingInfo = mock(ProbingInfo::class.java)
         doReturn(serviceId).`when`(testProbingInfo).serviceId
         doReturn(testProbingInfo).`when`(repository).setServiceProbing(serviceId)
 
-        advertiser.addService(serviceId, serviceInfo, null /* subtype */)
-        verify(repository).addService(serviceId, serviceInfo, null /* subtype */)
+        advertiser.addService(serviceId, serviceInfo, MdnsAdvertisingOptions.getDefaultOptions())
+        verify(repository).addService(serviceId, serviceInfo, null /* ttl */)
         verify(prober).startProbing(testProbingInfo)
 
+        return testProbingInfo
+    }
+
+    private fun addServiceAndFinishProbing(serviceId: Int, serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo):
+            AnnouncementInfo {
+        val testProbingInfo = addServiceAndStartProbing(serviceId, serviceInfo)
+
         // Simulate probing success: continues to announcing
-        val testAnnouncementInfo = mock(AnnouncementInfo::class.java)
+        val testAnnouncementInfo = AnnouncementInfo(serviceId, emptyList(), emptyList())
         doReturn(testAnnouncementInfo).`when`(repository).onProbingSucceeded(testProbingInfo)
         probeCb.onFinished(testProbingInfo)
         return testAnnouncementInfo
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
index 8917ed3..fb3d183 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
@@ -82,8 +85,8 @@
         mHandlerThread.start();
         mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
         mSocketKey = new SocketKey(1000 /* interfaceIndex */);
-        mSocketClient = new MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(
-                mHandlerThread.getLooper(), mProvider, mSharedLog);
+        mSocketClient = new MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(mHandlerThread.getLooper(), mProvider,
+                mSharedLog, MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build());
         mHandler.post(() -> mSocketClient.setCallback(mCallback));
     }
 
@@ -101,11 +104,17 @@
 
     private SocketCallback expectSocketCallback(MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener,
             Network requestedNetwork) {
+        return expectSocketCallback(listener, requestedNetwork, mSocketCreationCallback,
+                1 /* requestSocketCount */);
+    }
+
+    private SocketCallback expectSocketCallback(MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener,
+                Network requestedNetwork, SocketCreationCallback callback, int requestSocketCount) {
         final ArgumentCaptor<SocketCallback> callbackCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback.class);
         mHandler.post(() -> mSocketClient.notifyNetworkRequested(
-                listener, requestedNetwork, mSocketCreationCallback));
-        verify(mProvider, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT))
+                listener, requestedNetwork, callback));
+        verify(mProvider, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT).times(requestSocketCount))
                 .requestSocket(eq(requestedNetwork), callbackCaptor.capture());
         return callbackCaptor.getValue();
     }
@@ -148,7 +157,7 @@
         verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(tetherSocketKey2);
 
         // Send packet to IPv4 with mSocketKey and verify sending has been called.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -156,7 +165,7 @@
         verify(tetherIfaceSock2, never()).send(any());
 
         // Send packet to IPv4 with onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = true, the packet will be sent.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 true /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, times(2)).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -164,7 +173,7 @@
         verify(tetherIfaceSock2, never()).send(any());
 
         // Send packet to IPv6 with tetherSocketKey1 and verify sending has been called.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv6Packet, tetherSocketKey1,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv6Packet), tetherSocketKey1,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, never()).send(ipv6Packet);
@@ -174,7 +183,7 @@
         // Send packet to IPv6 with onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = true, the packet will not be
         // sent. Therefore, the tetherIfaceSock1.send() and tetherIfaceSock2.send() are still be
         // called once.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv6Packet, tetherSocketKey1,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv6Packet), tetherSocketKey1,
                 true /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, never()).send(ipv6Packet);
@@ -260,7 +269,7 @@
         verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(socketKey3);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet on the mSocketKey and verify sending has been called.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -289,7 +298,7 @@
         verify(socketCreationCb2).onSocketCreated(socketKey3);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet on socket2 and verify sending to the socket2 only.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, socketKey2,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), socketKey2,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         // ipv4Packet still sent only once on mSocket: times(1) matches the packet sent earlier on
@@ -303,7 +312,7 @@
         verify(mProvider, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)).unrequestSocket(callback2);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet again and verify it's still sent a second time
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, socketKey2,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), socketKey2,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(socket2, times(2)).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -314,7 +323,7 @@
         verify(mProvider, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)).unrequestSocket(callback);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet and verify no more sending.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, times(1)).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -365,4 +374,67 @@
         callback.onInterfaceDestroyed(otherSocketKey, otherSocket);
         verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketDestroyed(otherSocketKey);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSocketDestroyed_MultipleCallbacks() {
+        final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket2 = mock(MdnsInterfaceSocket.class);
+        final SocketKey socketKey2 = new SocketKey(1001 /* interfaceIndex */);
+        final SocketCreationCallback creationCallback1 = mock(SocketCreationCallback.class);
+        final SocketCreationCallback creationCallback2 = mock(SocketCreationCallback.class);
+        final SocketCreationCallback creationCallback3 = mock(SocketCreationCallback.class);
+        final SocketCallback callback1 = expectSocketCallback(
+                mock(MdnsServiceBrowserListener.class), mNetwork, creationCallback1,
+                1 /* requestSocketCount */);
+        final SocketCallback callback2 = expectSocketCallback(
+                mock(MdnsServiceBrowserListener.class), mNetwork, creationCallback2,
+                2 /* requestSocketCount */);
+        final SocketCallback callback3 = expectSocketCallback(
+                mock(MdnsServiceBrowserListener.class), null /* requestedNetwork */,
+                creationCallback3, 1 /* requestSocketCount */);
+
+        doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(mSocket).getInterface();
+        callback1.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        callback2.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        callback3.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        callback3.onSocketCreated(socketKey2, socket2, List.of());
+        verify(creationCallback1).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        verify(creationCallback2).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        verify(creationCallback3).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        verify(creationCallback3).onSocketCreated(socketKey2);
+
+        callback1.onInterfaceDestroyed(mSocketKey, mSocket);
+        callback2.onInterfaceDestroyed(mSocketKey, mSocket);
+        callback3.onInterfaceDestroyed(mSocketKey, mSocket);
+        verify(creationCallback1).onSocketDestroyed(mSocketKey);
+        verify(creationCallback2).onSocketDestroyed(mSocketKey);
+        verify(creationCallback3).onSocketDestroyed(mSocketKey);
+        verify(creationCallback3, never()).onSocketDestroyed(socketKey2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendPacketWithMultipleDatagramPacket() throws IOException {
+        final SocketCallback callback = expectSocketCallback();
+        final List<DatagramPacket> packets = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            packets.add(new DatagramPacket(new byte[10 + i] /* buff */, 0 /* offset */,
+                    10 + i /* length */, MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR));
+        }
+        doReturn(true).when(mSocket).hasJoinedIpv4();
+        doReturn(true).when(mSocket).hasJoinedIpv6();
+        doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(mSocket).getInterface();
+
+        // Notify socket created
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+
+        // Send packets to IPv4 with mSocketKey then verify sending has been called and the
+        // sequence is correct.
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packets, mSocketKey,
+                false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mSocket);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            inOrder.verify(mSocket).send(packets.get(i));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReaderTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReaderTests.java
index 19d8a00..0168b61 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReaderTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketReaderTests.java
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@
                     + "the packet length");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // Expected
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
             fail(String.format(
                     Locale.ROOT,
                     "Should not have thrown any other exception except " + "for IOException: %s",
@@ -83,4 +85,17 @@
         }
         assertEquals(data.length, packetReader.getRemaining());
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInfinitePtrLoop() {
+        // Fake mdns response packet label portion which has infinite ptr loop.
+        final byte[] infinitePtrLoopData = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                "054C4142454C" // label "LABEL"
+                        + "0454455354" // label "TEST"
+                        + "C006"); // PTR to second label.
+        MdnsPacketReader packetReader = new MdnsPacketReader(
+                infinitePtrLoopData, infinitePtrLoopData.length,
+                MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsLabelCountLimitEnabled(true).build());
+        assertThrows(IOException.class, packetReader::readLabels);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketTest.kt
index 28ea4b6..fc4796b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketTest.kt
@@ -21,12 +21,16 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 class MdnsPacketTest {
+    private fun makeFlags(isLabelCountLimitEnabled: Boolean = false): MdnsFeatureFlags =
+            MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder()
+                    .setIsLabelCountLimitEnabled(isLabelCountLimitEnabled).build()
     @Test
     fun testParseQuery() {
         // Probe packet with 1 question for Android.local, and 4 additionalRecords with 4 addresses
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@
                 "010db8000000000000000000000789"
 
         val bytes = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(packetHex)
-        val reader = MdnsPacketReader(bytes, bytes.size)
+        val reader = MdnsPacketReader(bytes, bytes.size, makeFlags())
         val packet = MdnsPacket.parse(reader)
 
         assertEquals(123, packet.transactionId)
@@ -68,4 +72,17 @@
         assertEquals(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::789"),
                 (packet.authorityRecords[3] as MdnsInetAddressRecord).inet6Address!!)
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParseQueryWithLabelLoop_ThrowsParseException() {
+        val packetWithErrorHex = "000084000000000100000000054C4142454C0454455354C006000C800100000" +
+                "07800140454455354056C6F63616C00"
+
+        val bytes = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(packetWithErrorHex)
+        val reader = MdnsPacketReader(
+                bytes, bytes.size, makeFlags(isLabelCountLimitEnabled = true))
+        assertFailsWith<MdnsPacket.ParseException> {
+            MdnsPacket.parse(reader)
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt
index 5b7c0ba..9befbc1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
     private val cb = mock(MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback::class.java)
         as MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback<ProbingInfo>
     private val buffer = ByteArray(1500)
+    private val flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build()
 
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testProbe() {
         val replySender = MdnsReplySender(
-                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */)
+                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */, flags)
         val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog)
         val probeInfo = TestProbeInfo(
                 listOf(makeServiceRecord(TEST_SERVICE_NAME_1, 37890)))
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testProbeMultipleRecords() {
         val replySender = MdnsReplySender(
-                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */)
+                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */, flags)
         val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog)
         val probeInfo = TestProbeInfo(listOf(
                 makeServiceRecord(TEST_SERVICE_NAME_1, 37890),
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testStopProbing() {
         val replySender = MdnsReplySender(
-                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */)
+                thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, true /* enableDebugLog */, flags)
         val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog)
         val probeInfo = TestProbeInfo(
                 listOf(makeServiceRecord(TEST_SERVICE_NAME_1, 37890)),
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
index f26f7e1..2cb97c9 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
@@ -21,21 +21,34 @@
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.HandlerThread
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.hexStringToByteArray
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_HOST
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_SERVICE
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_A
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecordRepository.Dependencies
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecordRepository.getReverseDnsAddress
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
 import java.util.Collections
+import java.time.Duration
 import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
@@ -44,8 +57,19 @@
 private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 = 42
 private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_2 = 43
 private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_3 = 44
+private const val TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1 = 45
+private const val TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2 = 46
+private const val TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1 = 48
 private const val TEST_PORT = 12345
 private const val TEST_SUBTYPE = "_subtype"
+private const val TEST_SUBTYPE2 = "_subtype2"
+// RFC6762 10. Resource Record TTL Values and Cache Coherency
+// The recommended TTL value for Multicast DNS resource records with a host name as the resource
+// record's name (e.g., A, AAAA, HINFO) or a host name contained within the resource record's rdata
+// (e.g., SRV, reverse mapping PTR record) SHOULD be 120 seconds. The recommended TTL value for
+// other Multicast DNS resource records is 75 minutes.
+private const val LONG_TTL = 4_500_000L
+private const val SHORT_TTL = 120_000L
 private val TEST_HOSTNAME = arrayOf("Android_000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F", "local")
 private val TEST_ADDRESSES = listOf(
         LinkAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.111"), 24),
@@ -70,6 +94,48 @@
     port = TEST_PORT
 }
 
+private val TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+    hostname = "TestHost"
+    hostAddresses = listOf(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+}
+
+private val TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME = arrayOf("TestHost", "local")
+
+private val TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+    hostname = "OtherTestHost"
+    hostAddresses = listOf(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::4"))
+}
+
+private val TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_1 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+    hostname = "TestHost"
+    hostAddresses = listOf(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"))
+    serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+    serviceName = "TestService"
+    port = TEST_PORT
+}
+
+private val TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESSES = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+    hostname = "TestHost"
+    hostAddresses = listOf()
+    serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+    serviceName = "TestService"
+    port = TEST_PORT
+}
+
+private val TEST_PUBLIC_KEY = hexStringToByteArray(
+        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                + "270962d3")
+
+private val TEST_PUBLIC_KEY_2 = hexStringToByteArray(
+        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                + "270962d4")
+
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 class MdnsRecordRepositoryTest {
@@ -77,11 +143,23 @@
     private val deps = object : Dependencies() {
         override fun getInterfaceInetAddresses(iface: NetworkInterface) =
                 Collections.enumeration(TEST_ADDRESSES.map { it.address })
+
+        override fun elapsedRealTime() = now
+
+        fun elapse(duration: Long) {
+            now += duration
+        }
+
+        fun resetElapsedRealTime() {
+            now = 100
+        }
+
+        var now: Long = 100
     }
-    private val flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build()
 
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
+        deps.resetElapsedRealTime();
         thread.start()
     }
 
@@ -91,12 +169,22 @@
         thread.join()
     }
 
+    private fun makeFlags(
+        includeInetAddressesInProbing: Boolean = false,
+        isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled: Boolean = false,
+        unicastReplyEnabled: Boolean = true
+    ) = MdnsFeatureFlags.Builder()
+        .setIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing(includeInetAddressesInProbing)
+        .setIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled(isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled)
+        .setIsUnicastReplyEnabled(unicastReplyEnabled)
+        .build()
+
     @Test
     fun testAddServiceAndProbe() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         assertEquals(0, repository.servicesCount)
-        assertEquals(-1, repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1,
-                null /* subtype */))
+        assertEquals(-1,
+                repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, Duration.ofSeconds(50)))
         assertEquals(1, repository.servicesCount)
 
         val probingInfo = repository.setServiceProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
@@ -119,7 +207,7 @@
         assertEquals(MdnsServiceRecord(expectedName,
                 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                 false /* cacheFlush */,
-                120_000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                50_000L /* ttlMillis */,
                 0 /* servicePriority */, 0 /* serviceWeight */,
                 TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME), packet.authorityRecords[0])
 
@@ -128,31 +216,65 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testAddAndConflicts() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
         assertFailsWith(NameConflictException::class) {
-            repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
+            repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
         }
         assertFailsWith(NameConflictException::class) {
-            repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_3, TEST_SERVICE_3, null /* subtype */)
+            repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_3, TEST_SERVICE_3, null /* ttl */)
         }
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testInvalidReuseOfServiceId() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
+    fun testAddAndUpdates() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+
         assertFailsWith(IllegalArgumentException::class) {
-            repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* subtype */)
+            repository.updateService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, emptySet() /* subtype */)
+        }
+
+        repository.updateService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+
+        val queriedName = arrayOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val questions = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(queriedName, false /* isUnicast */))
+        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, emptyList() /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+
+        // TTLs as per RFC6762 10.
+        val longTtl = 4_500_000L
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                        queriedName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        longTtl,
+                        serviceName),
+        ), reply.answers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testInvalidReuseOfServiceId() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
+        assertFailsWith(IllegalArgumentException::class) {
+            repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* ttl */)
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testHasActiveService() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         assertFalse(repository.hasActiveService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1))
 
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
         assertTrue(repository.hasActiveService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1))
 
         val probingInfo = repository.setServiceProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
@@ -166,7 +288,7 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testExitAnnouncements() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
         repository.onAdvertisementSent(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, 2 /* sentPacketCount */)
 
@@ -195,9 +317,10 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testExitAnnouncements_WithSubtype() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, TEST_SUBTYPE)
+    fun testExitAnnouncements_WithSubtypes() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1,
+                setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, TEST_SUBTYPE2))
         repository.onAdvertisementSent(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, 2 /* sentPacketCount */)
 
         val exitAnnouncement = repository.exitService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
@@ -211,7 +334,7 @@
         assertEquals(0, packet.authorityRecords.size)
         assertEquals(0, packet.additionalRecords.size)
 
-        assertContentEquals(listOf(
+        assertThat(packet.answers).containsExactly(
                 MdnsPointerRecord(
                         arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
@@ -224,7 +347,12 @@
                         false /* cacheFlush */,
                         0L /* ttlMillis */,
                         arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")),
-        ), packet.answers)
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                        arrayOf("_subtype2", "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        0L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")))
 
         repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
         assertEquals(0, repository.servicesCount)
@@ -232,13 +360,13 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testExitingServiceReAdded() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
         repository.onAdvertisementSent(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, 2 /* sentPacketCount */)
         repository.exitService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
 
         assertEquals(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1,
-                repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */))
+                repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */))
         assertEquals(1, repository.servicesCount)
 
         repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
@@ -247,9 +375,9 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testOnProbingSucceeded() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         val announcementInfo = repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1,
-                TEST_SUBTYPE)
+                setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, TEST_SUBTYPE2))
         repository.onAdvertisementSent(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, 2 /* sentPacketCount */)
         val packet = announcementInfo.getPacket(0)
 
@@ -260,12 +388,13 @@
 
         val serviceType = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
         val serviceSubtype = arrayOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceSubtype2 = arrayOf(TEST_SUBTYPE2, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
         val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
         val v4AddrRev = getReverseDnsAddress(TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address)
         val v6Addr1Rev = getReverseDnsAddress(TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address)
         val v6Addr2Rev = getReverseDnsAddress(TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address)
 
-        assertContentEquals(listOf(
+        assertThat(packet.answers).containsExactly(
                 // Reverse address and address records for the hostname
                 MdnsPointerRecord(v4AddrRev,
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
@@ -312,6 +441,13 @@
                         false /* cacheFlush */,
                         4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
                         serviceName),
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                        serviceSubtype2,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        // Not a unique name owned by the announcer, so cacheFlush=false
+                        false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        serviceName),
                 MdnsServiceRecord(
                         serviceName,
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
@@ -333,8 +469,7 @@
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                         false /* cacheFlush */,
                         4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
-                        serviceType)
-        ), packet.answers)
+                        serviceType))
 
         assertContentEquals(listOf(
                 MdnsNsecRecord(v4AddrRev,
@@ -342,37 +477,37 @@
                         true /* cacheFlush */,
                         120000L /* ttlMillis */,
                         v4AddrRev,
-                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR)),
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_PTR)),
                 MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME,
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                         true /* cacheFlush */,
                         120000L /* ttlMillis */,
                         TEST_HOSTNAME,
-                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA)),
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA)),
                 MdnsNsecRecord(v6Addr1Rev,
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                         true /* cacheFlush */,
                         120000L /* ttlMillis */,
                         v6Addr1Rev,
-                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR)),
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_PTR)),
                 MdnsNsecRecord(v6Addr2Rev,
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                         true /* cacheFlush */,
                         120000L /* ttlMillis */,
                         v6Addr2Rev,
-                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR)),
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_PTR)),
                 MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName,
                         0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                         true /* cacheFlush */,
                         4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
                         serviceName,
-                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT, MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV))
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV))
         ), packet.additionalRecords)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testGetOffloadPacket() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
         val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
         val serviceType = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
@@ -434,18 +569,13 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testGetReplyCaseInsensitive() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
-        val questionsCaseInSensitive =
-            listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_TESTSERVICE", "_TCP", "local"),
-                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                false /* cacheFlush */,
-                // TTL and data is empty for a question
-                0L /* ttlMillis */,
-                null /* pointer */))
+        val questionsCaseInSensitive = listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_TESTSERVICE", "_TCP", "local"), false /* isUnicast */))
         val queryCaseInsensitive = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questionsCaseInSensitive,
-            listOf() /* answers */, listOf() /* authorityRecords */,
-            listOf() /* additionalRecords */)
+            emptyList() /* answers */, emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+            emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
         val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
         val replyCaseInsensitive = repository.getReply(queryCaseInsensitive, src)
         assertNotNull(replyCaseInsensitive)
@@ -453,108 +583,704 @@
         assertEquals(7, replyCaseInsensitive.additionalAnswers.size)
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testGetReply() {
-        doGetReplyTest(subtype = null)
+    /**
+     * Creates mDNS query packet with given query names and types.
+     */
+    private fun makeQuery(vararg queries: Pair<Int, Array<String>>): MdnsPacket {
+        val questions = queries.map { (type, name) -> makeQuestionRecord(name, type) }
+        return MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, emptyList() /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+    }
+
+    private fun makeQuestionRecord(name: Array<String>, type: Int): MdnsRecord {
+        when (type) {
+            TYPE_PTR -> return MdnsPointerRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
+            TYPE_SRV -> return MdnsServiceRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
+            TYPE_TXT -> return MdnsTextRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
+            TYPE_KEY -> return MdnsKeyRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
+            TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA -> return MdnsInetAddressRecord(name, type, false /* isUnicast */)
+            else -> fail("Unexpected question type: $type")
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testGetReply_WithSubtype() {
-        doGetReplyTest(TEST_SUBTYPE)
-    }
-
-    private fun doGetReplyTest(subtype: String?) {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, subtype)
-        val queriedName = if (subtype == null) arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
-        else arrayOf(subtype, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
-
-        val questions = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(queriedName,
-                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                false /* cacheFlush */,
-                // TTL and data is empty for a question
-                0L /* ttlMillis */,
-                null /* pointer */))
-        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, listOf() /* answers */,
-                listOf() /* authorityRecords */, listOf() /* additionalRecords */)
+    fun testGetReply_singlePtrQuestion_returnsSrvTxtAddressNsecRecords() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
         val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
         val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
 
         assertNotNull(reply)
-        // Source address is IPv4
-        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), reply.destination.address)
-        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, reply.destination.port)
-
-        // TTLs as per RFC6762 10.
-        val longTtl = 4_500_000L
-        val shortTtl = 120_000L
-        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
-
         assertEquals(listOf(
                 MdnsPointerRecord(
-                        queriedName,
-                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                        false /* cacheFlush */,
-                        longTtl,
-                        serviceName),
-        ), reply.answers)
-
+                    arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), 0L, false, LONG_TTL, serviceName)),
+            reply.answers)
         assertEquals(listOf(
-            MdnsTextRecord(
-                    serviceName,
-                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                    true /* cacheFlush */,
-                    longTtl,
-                    listOf() /* entries */),
-            MdnsServiceRecord(
-                    serviceName,
-                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                    true /* cacheFlush */,
-                    shortTtl,
-                    0 /* servicePriority */,
-                    0 /* serviceWeight */,
-                    TEST_PORT,
-                    TEST_HOSTNAME),
-            MdnsInetAddressRecord(
-                    TEST_HOSTNAME,
-                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                    true /* cacheFlush */,
-                    shortTtl,
-                    TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
-            MdnsInetAddressRecord(
-                    TEST_HOSTNAME,
-                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                    true /* cacheFlush */,
-                    shortTtl,
-                    TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
-            MdnsInetAddressRecord(
-                    TEST_HOSTNAME,
-                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                    true /* cacheFlush */,
-                    shortTtl,
-                    TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
-            MdnsNsecRecord(
-                    serviceName,
-                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                    true /* cacheFlush */,
-                    longTtl,
-                    serviceName /* nextDomain */,
-                    intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT, MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV)),
-            MdnsNsecRecord(
-                    TEST_HOSTNAME,
-                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                    true /* cacheFlush */,
-                    shortTtl,
-                    TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
-                    intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA)),
+                MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, emptyList()),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, 0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA)),
+            ), reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_ptrQuestionForServiceWithCustomHost_customHostUsedInAdditionalAnswers() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_1,
+                setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, TEST_SUBTYPE2))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::1234"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("TestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                        arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                        0L, false, LONG_TTL, serviceName)),
+                reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, listOf()),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_AAAA)),
         ), reply.additionalAnswers)
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testGetReply_ptrQuestionForServicesWithSameCustomHost_customHostUsedInAdditionalAnswers() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        val serviceWithCustomHost1 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "TestHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1"))
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "TestService1"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+        }
+        val serviceWithCustomHost2 = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "TestHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
+        }
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, serviceWithCustomHost1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, serviceWithCustomHost2)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::1234"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("TestService1", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                        arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                        0L, false, LONG_TTL, serviceName)),
+                reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, listOf()),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1")),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3")),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA)),
+        ), reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_singleSubtypePtrQuestion_returnsSrvTxtAddressNsecRecords() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(
+                TYPE_PTR to arrayOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                    arrayOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), 0L, false,
+                    LONG_TTL, serviceName)),
+            reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, emptyList()),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, 0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA)),
+            ), reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_duplicatePtrQuestions_doesNotReturnDuplicateRecords() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(
+                TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                    arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), 0L, false, LONG_TTL, serviceName)),
+            reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, emptyList()),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, 0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA)),
+            ), reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_multiplePtrQuestionsWithSubtype_doesNotReturnDuplicateRecords() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(
+                TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                TYPE_PTR to arrayOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                    arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), 0L, false, LONG_TTL, serviceName),
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                    arrayOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, "_sub", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                    0L, false, LONG_TTL, serviceName)),
+            reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, emptyList()),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, 0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA)),
+            ), reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_txtQuestion_returnsNoNsecRecord() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_TXT to serviceName)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, emptyList())),
+                reply.answers)
+        // No NSEC records because the reply doesn't include the SRV record
+        assertTrue(reply.additionalAnswers.isEmpty())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_AAAAQuestionButNoIpv6Address_returnsNsecRecord() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(
+                TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE),
+                listOf(LinkAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.111"), 24)))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_AAAA to TEST_HOSTNAME)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertTrue(reply.answers.isEmpty())
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_AAAA))),
+            reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_AAAAQuestionForCustomHost_returnsAAAARecords() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(
+                TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, subtypes = setOf(),
+                listOf(LinkAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.111"), 24)))
+        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2, null /* ttl */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_AAAA to TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME,
+                        0, false, LONG_TTL, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME,
+                        0, false, LONG_TTL, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))),
+                reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(
+                listOf(MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME,
+                        0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_AAAA))),
+                reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_AAAAQuestionForCustomHostInMultipleRegistrations_returnsAAAARecords() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "TestHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "TestHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
+        })
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_AAAA to TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME,
+                        0, false, LONG_TTL, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME,
+                        0, false, LONG_TTL, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME,
+                        0, false, LONG_TTL, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))),
+                reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(
+                listOf(MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME,
+                        0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_AAAA))),
+                reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyQuestionForServiceName_returnsKeyRecord() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService1"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService2"
+            port = 0 // No SRV RR
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName1 = arrayOf("MyTestService1", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName2 = arrayOf("MyTestService2", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply1)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(serviceName1,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply1.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(),
+                reply1.additionalAnswers)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply2)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(serviceName2,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply2.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName2,
+                0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                serviceName2 /* nextDomain */,
+                intArrayOf(TYPE_KEY))),
+                reply2.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyQuestionForHostname_returnsKeyRecord() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost1"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost2"
+            hostAddresses = listOf() // No address records
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val hostname1 = arrayOf("MyHost1", "local")
+        val hostname2 = arrayOf("MyHost2", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply1)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(hostname1,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply1.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(),
+                reply1.additionalAnswers)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply2)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(hostname2,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply2.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsNsecRecord(hostname2, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                hostname2 /* nextDomain */,
+                intArrayOf(TYPE_KEY))),
+                reply2.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyRecordForHostRemoved_noAnswertoKeyQuestion() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost1"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost2"
+            hostAddresses = listOf() // No address records
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val hostname1 = arrayOf("MyHost1", "local")
+        val hostname2 = arrayOf("MyHost2", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply1)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyRecordForServiceRemoved_noAnswertoKeyQuestion() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService1"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService2"
+            port = 0 // No SRV RR
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName1 = arrayOf("MyTestService1", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName2 = arrayOf("MyTestService2", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply1)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_customHostRemoved_noAnswerToAAAAQuestion() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(
+                TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, subtypes = setOf(),
+                listOf(LinkAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.111"), 24)))
+        repository.addService(
+                TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1)
+
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_AAAA to TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_ptrAndSrvQuestions_doesNotReturnSrvRecordInAdditionalAnswerSection() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(
+                TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                TYPE_SRV to serviceName)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                    arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), 0L, false, LONG_TTL, serviceName),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(
+                    serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, 0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME)),
+            reply.answers)
+        assertFalse(reply.additionalAnswers.any { it -> it is MdnsServiceRecord })
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_srvTxtAddressQuestions_returnsAllRecordsInAnswerSectionExceptNsec() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query = makeQuery(
+                TYPE_SRV to serviceName,
+                TYPE_TXT to serviceName,
+                TYPE_SRV to serviceName,
+                TYPE_A to TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                TYPE_AAAA to TEST_HOSTNAME)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, 0, 0, TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME),
+                MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, emptyList()),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address)),
+            reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L, true, LONG_TTL, serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL, TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA))),
+            reply.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_queryWithIpv4Address_replyWithIpv4Address() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv4 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val replyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+
+        assertNotNull(replyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), replyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, replyIpv4.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_queryWithIpv6Address_replyWithIpv6Address() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv6 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+        val replyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+
+        assertNotNull(replyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), replyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, replyIpv6.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_ipv4AndIpv6Queries_ipv4AndIpv6Replies() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv4 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val replyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+        val srcIpv6 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+        val replyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+
+        assertNotNull(replyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), replyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, replyIpv4.destination.port)
+        assertNotNull(replyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), replyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, replyIpv6.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv4QueriesInOneSecond_theSecondReplyIsThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv4 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+        deps.elapse(500L)
+        val secondReply = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), firstReplyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv4.destination.port)
+        assertNull(secondReply)
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv6QueriesInOneSecond_theSecondReplyIsThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv6 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+        deps.elapse(500L)
+        val secondReply = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), firstReplyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv6.destination.port)
+        assertNull(secondReply)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv4QueriesInMoreThanOneSecond_repliesAreNotThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv4 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+        // The longest possible interval that may make the reply throttled is
+        // 1000 (MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) + 120 (delay for shared name) = 1120
+        deps.elapse(1121L)
+        val secondReplyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), firstReplyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv4.destination.port)
+        assertNotNull(secondReplyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), secondReplyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, secondReplyIpv4.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv6QueriesInMoreThanOneSecond_repliesAreNotThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv6 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+        // The longest possible interval that may make the reply throttled is
+        // 1000 (MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) + 120 (delay for shared name) = 1120
+        deps.elapse(1121L)
+        val secondReplyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), firstReplyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv6.destination.port)
+        assertNotNull(secondReplyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), secondReplyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, secondReplyIpv6.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServices() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* subtype */)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* ttl */)
 
         val packet = MdnsPacket(
                 0 /* flags */,
@@ -574,15 +1300,18 @@
                 emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
                 emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
 
-        assertEquals(setOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_ID_2),
+        assertEquals(
+                mapOf(
+                        TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_SERVICE,
+                        TEST_SERVICE_ID_2 to CONFLICT_SERVICE),
                 repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServicesCaseInsensitive() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* subtype */)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* ttl */)
 
         val packet = MdnsPacket(
             0 /* flags */,
@@ -602,15 +1331,342 @@
             emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
             emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
 
-        assertEquals(setOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_ID_2),
+        assertEquals(
+                mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_SERVICE,
+                        TEST_SERVICE_ID_2 to CONFLICT_SERVICE),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHosts_differentAddresses() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0, /* flags */
+                emptyList(), /* questions */
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::5")),
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::6")),
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHosts_moreAddressesThanUs_conflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0, /* flags */
+                emptyList(), /* questions */
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")),
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3")),
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsReplyHasFewerAddressesThanUs_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
+
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0, /* flags */
+                emptyList(), /* questions */
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")),
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsReplyHasSameNameRecord_conflictDuringProbing() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
+
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+            0, /* flags */
+            emptyList(), /* questions */
+            listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    0L /* ttlMillis */, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY),
+            ) /* answers */,
+            emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+            emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
             repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsReplyHasIdenticalHosts_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
+
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0, /* flags */
+                emptyList(), /* questions */
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")),
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsCaseInsensitiveReplyHasIdenticalHosts_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
+
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0, /* flags */
+                emptyList(), /* questions */
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("TESTHOST", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")),
+                        MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("testhost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                0L /* ttlMillis */, parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")),
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_identicalKeyRecordsForService_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_differentKeyRecordsForService_conflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* null */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY_2)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_SERVICE),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_identicalKeyRecordsForHost_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")
+            )
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_keyForCustomHostReplySameRecordName_conflictDuringProbing() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+            0 /* flags */,
+            emptyList() /* questions */,
+            listOf(MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                    true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    otherTtlMillis,
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.168.2.111"))
+            ) /* answers */,
+            emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+            emptyList() /* additionalRecords */
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
+            repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_differentKeyRecordsForHost_conflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY_2)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_multipleRegistrationsForHostKey_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        // Although there's a KEY RR in the second registration being probed, it shouldn't conflict
+        // with an address record which is from a probed registration in the repository.
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+            0 /* flags */,
+            emptyList() /* questions */,
+            listOf(
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    otherTtlMillis,
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"))
+            ) /* answers */,
+            emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+            emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(), repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServices_IdenticalService() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* subtype */)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* ttl */)
 
         val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
         val packet = MdnsPacket(
@@ -632,14 +1688,14 @@
                 emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
 
         // Above records are identical to the actual registrations: no conflict
-        assertEquals(emptySet(), repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(), repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServicesCaseInsensitive_IdenticalService() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* subtype */)
-        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* subtype */)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, TEST_SERVICE_2, null /* ttl */)
 
         val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
         val packet = MdnsPacket(
@@ -661,25 +1717,21 @@
                 emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
 
         // Above records are identical to the actual registrations: no conflict
-        assertEquals(emptySet(), repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(), repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testGetServiceRepliedRequestsCount() {
-        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, flags)
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
         // Verify that there is no packet replied.
         assertEquals(MdnsConstants.NO_PACKET,
                 repository.getServiceRepliedRequestsCount(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1))
 
-        val questions = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
-                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
-                false /* cacheFlush */,
-                // TTL and data is empty for a question
-                0L /* ttlMillis */,
-                null /* pointer */))
-        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, listOf() /* answers */,
-                listOf() /* authorityRecords */, listOf() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val questions = listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), false /* isUnicast */))
+        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, emptyList() /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
         val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
 
         // Reply to the question and verify there is one packet replied.
@@ -695,11 +1747,11 @@
     @Test
     fun testIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing() {
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME,
-                MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing(true).build())
+            makeFlags(includeInetAddressesInProbing = true))
         repository.updateAddresses(TEST_ADDRESSES)
         assertEquals(0, repository.servicesCount)
-        assertEquals(-1, repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1,
-                null /* subtype */))
+        assertEquals(-1,
+                repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */))
         assertEquals(1, repository.servicesCount)
 
         val probingInfo = repository.setServiceProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
@@ -726,7 +1778,7 @@
                 expectedName,
                 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                 false /* cacheFlush */,
-                120_000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                SHORT_TTL /* ttlMillis */,
                 0 /* servicePriority */,
                 0 /* serviceWeight */,
                 TEST_PORT,
@@ -735,33 +1787,525 @@
                 TEST_HOSTNAME,
                 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                 false /* cacheFlush */,
-                120_000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                SHORT_TTL /* ttlMillis */,
                 TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
             MdnsInetAddressRecord(
                 TEST_HOSTNAME,
                 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                 false /* cacheFlush */,
-                120_000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                SHORT_TTL /* ttlMillis */,
                 TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
             MdnsInetAddressRecord(
                 TEST_HOSTNAME,
                 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                 false /* cacheFlush */,
-                120_000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                SHORT_TTL /* ttlMillis */,
                 TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address)
         ), packet.authorityRecords)
 
         assertContentEquals(intArrayOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1), repository.clearServices())
     }
+
+    private fun doGetReplyWithAnswersTest(
+            questions: List<MdnsRecord>,
+            knownAnswers: List<MdnsRecord>,
+            replyAnswers: List<MdnsRecord>,
+            additionalAnswers: List<MdnsRecord>
+    ) {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME,
+            makeFlags(isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled = true))
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, knownAnswers,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+
+        if (replyAnswers.isEmpty() || additionalAnswers.isEmpty()) {
+            assertNull(reply)
+            return
+        }
+
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        // Source address is IPv4
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), reply.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, reply.destination.port)
+        assertEquals(replyAnswers, reply.answers)
+        assertEquals(additionalAnswers, reply.additionalAnswers)
+        assertEquals(knownAnswers, reply.knownAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_HasAnswers() {
+        val queriedName = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val questions = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(queriedName, false /* isUnicast */))
+        val knownAnswers = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                LONG_TTL,
+                arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")))
+        doGetReplyWithAnswersTest(questions, knownAnswers, emptyList() /* replyAnswers */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalAnswers */)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_HasAnswers_TtlLessThanHalf() {
+        val queriedName = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val questions = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(queriedName, false /* isUnicast */))
+        val knownAnswers = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                (LONG_TTL / 2 - 1000L),
+                arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")))
+        val replyAnswers = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                queriedName,
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                LONG_TTL,
+                serviceName))
+        val additionalAnswers = listOf(
+                MdnsTextRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        LONG_TTL,
+                        emptyList() /* entries */),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        0 /* servicePriority */,
+                        0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                        TEST_PORT,
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        LONG_TTL,
+                        serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT, MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA)))
+        doGetReplyWithAnswersTest(questions, knownAnswers, replyAnswers, additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_HasAnotherAnswer() {
+        val queriedName = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val questions = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(queriedName, false /* isUnicast */))
+        val knownAnswers = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                queriedName,
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                LONG_TTL,
+                arrayOf("MyOtherTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")))
+        val replyAnswers = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                queriedName,
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                LONG_TTL,
+                serviceName))
+        val additionalAnswers = listOf(
+                MdnsTextRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        LONG_TTL,
+                        emptyList() /* entries */),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        0 /* servicePriority */,
+                        0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                        TEST_PORT,
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        LONG_TTL,
+                        serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT, MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA)))
+        doGetReplyWithAnswersTest(questions, knownAnswers, replyAnswers, additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_HasAnswers_MultiQuestions() {
+        val queriedName = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val questions = listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(queriedName, false /* isUnicast */),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, false /* isUnicast */))
+        val knownAnswers = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                queriedName,
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                LONG_TTL - 1000L,
+                serviceName))
+        val replyAnswers = listOf(MdnsServiceRecord(
+                serviceName,
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                SHORT_TTL /* ttlMillis */,
+                0 /* servicePriority */,
+                0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                TEST_PORT,
+                TEST_HOSTNAME))
+        val additionalAnswers = listOf(
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address),
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL,
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME /* nextDomain */,
+                        intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA)))
+        doGetReplyWithAnswersTest(questions, knownAnswers, replyAnswers, additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_HasAnswers_MultiQuestions_NoReply() {
+        val queriedName = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val questions = listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(queriedName, false /* isUnicast */),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, false /* isUnicast */))
+        val knownAnswers = listOf(
+            MdnsPointerRecord(
+                queriedName,
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                LONG_TTL - 1000L,
+                serviceName
+            ),
+            MdnsServiceRecord(
+                serviceName,
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                SHORT_TTL - 15_000L,
+                0 /* servicePriority */,
+                0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                TEST_PORT,
+                TEST_HOSTNAME
+            )
+        )
+        doGetReplyWithAnswersTest(questions, knownAnswers, emptyList() /* replyAnswers */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalAnswers */)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReplyUnicastToQueryUnicastQuestions() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+
+        // Ask for 2 services, only the first one is known and requests unicast reply
+        val questions = listOf(
+            MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), true /* isUnicast */),
+            MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_otherservice", "_tcp", "local"), true /* isUnicast */))
+        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, emptyList() /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+
+        // Reply to the question and verify it is sent to the source.
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(src, reply.destination)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReplyMulticastToQueryUnicastAndMulticastMixedQuestions() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_otherservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "OtherTestService"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+        })
+
+        // Ask for 2 services, both are known and only the first one requests unicast reply
+        val questions = listOf(
+            MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), true /* isUnicast */),
+            MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_otherservice", "_tcp", "local"), false /* isUnicast */))
+        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, emptyList() /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+
+        // Reply to the question and verify it is sent multicast.
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), reply.destination.address)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReplyMulticastWhenNoUnicastQueryMatches() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+
+        // Ask for 2 services, the first one requests a unicast reply but is unknown
+        val questions = listOf(
+            MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_otherservice", "_tcp", "local"), true /* isUnicast */),
+            MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), false /* isUnicast */))
+        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, emptyList() /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+
+        // Reply to the question and verify it is sent multicast.
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), reply.destination.address)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReplyMulticastWhenUnicastFeatureDisabled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME,
+            makeFlags(unicastReplyEnabled = false))
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+
+        // The service is known and requests unicast reply, but the feature is disabled
+        val questions = listOf(
+            MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"), true /* isUnicast */))
+        val query = MdnsPacket(0 /* flags */, questions, emptyList() /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */, emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+
+        // Reply to the question and verify it is sent multicast.
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), reply.destination.address)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_OnlyKnownAnswers() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                makeFlags(isKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled = true))
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1)
+        val knownAnswers = listOf(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                LONG_TTL - 1000L,
+                arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")))
+        val query = MdnsPacket(MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED /* flags */, emptyList(),
+                knownAnswers, emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val reply = repository.getReply(query, src)
+        assertNotNull(reply)
+        assertEquals(0, reply.answers.size)
+        assertEquals(0, reply.additionalAnswers.size)
+        assertEquals(knownAnswers, reply.knownAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRestartProbingForHostname() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1,
+                setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, TEST_SUBTYPE2))
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1,
+                TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESSES, null)
+        repository.setServiceProbing(TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1)
+
+        val probingInfos = repository.restartProbingForHostname("TestHost")
+
+        assertEquals(1, probingInfos.size)
+        val probingInfo = probingInfos.get(0)
+        assertEquals(TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, probingInfo.serviceId)
+        val packet = probingInfo.getPacket(0)
+        assertEquals(0, packet.transactionId)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.FLAGS_QUERY, packet.flags)
+        assertEquals(0, packet.answers.size)
+        assertEquals(0, packet.additionalRecords.size)
+        assertEquals(1, packet.questions.size)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("TestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        assertEquals(MdnsAnyRecord(serviceName, false /* unicast */), packet.questions[0])
+        assertThat(packet.authorityRecords).containsExactly(
+                MdnsServiceRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        SHORT_TTL /* ttlMillis */,
+                        0 /* servicePriority */,
+                        0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                        TEST_PORT,
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRestartAnnouncingForHostname() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1,
+                setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE, TEST_SUBTYPE2))
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1,
+                TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESSES)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1)
+
+        val announcementInfos = repository.restartAnnouncingForHostname("TestHost")
+
+        assertEquals(1, announcementInfos.size)
+        val announcementInfo = announcementInfos.get(0)
+        assertEquals(TEST_SERVICE_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, announcementInfo.serviceId)
+        val packet = announcementInfo.getPacket(0)
+        assertEquals(0, packet.transactionId)
+        assertEquals(0x8400 /* response, authoritative */, packet.flags)
+        assertEquals(0, packet.questions.size)
+        assertEquals(0, packet.authorityRecords.size)
+        val serviceName = arrayOf("TestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceType = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val v4AddrRev = getReverseDnsAddress(TEST_ADDRESSES[0].address)
+        val v6Addr1Rev = getReverseDnsAddress(TEST_ADDRESSES[1].address)
+        val v6Addr2Rev = getReverseDnsAddress(TEST_ADDRESSES[2].address)
+        assertThat(packet.answers).containsExactly(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                        serviceType,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        // Not a unique name owned by the announcer, so cacheFlush=false
+                        false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        serviceName),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        120000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        0 /* servicePriority */,
+                        0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                        TEST_PORT /* servicePort */,
+                        TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1_NAME),
+                MdnsTextRecord(
+                        serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        emptyList() /* entries */),
+                MdnsPointerRecord(
+                        arrayOf("_services", "_dns-sd", "_udp", "local"),
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        serviceType))
+        assertThat(packet.additionalRecords).containsExactly(
+                MdnsNsecRecord(v4AddrRev,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        120000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        v4AddrRev,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_PTR)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        120000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        TEST_HOSTNAME,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(v6Addr1Rev,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        120000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        v6Addr1Rev,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_PTR)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(v6Addr2Rev,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        120000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        v6Addr2Rev,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_PTR)),
+                MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName,
+                        0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        4500000L /* ttlMillis */,
+                        serviceName,
+                        intArrayOf(TYPE_TXT, TYPE_SRV)))
+    }
 }
 
 private fun MdnsRecordRepository.initWithService(
     serviceId: Int,
     serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo,
-    subtype: String? = null
+    subtypes: Set<String> = setOf(),
+    addresses: List<LinkAddress> = TEST_ADDRESSES
 ): AnnouncementInfo {
-    updateAddresses(TEST_ADDRESSES)
-    addService(serviceId, serviceInfo, subtype)
+    updateAddresses(addresses)
+    serviceInfo.setSubtypes(subtypes)
+    return addServiceAndFinishProbing(serviceId, serviceInfo)
+}
+
+private fun MdnsRecordRepository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(
+    serviceId: Int,
+    serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo
+): AnnouncementInfo {
+    addService(serviceId, serviceInfo, null /* ttl */)
     val probingInfo = setServiceProbing(serviceId)
     assertNotNull(probingInfo)
     return onProbingSucceeded(probingInfo)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java
index 55c2846..63548c1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
@@ -424,4 +426,92 @@
         assertEquals(new TextEntry("xyz", HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("FFEFDFCF")),
                 entries.get(2));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKeyRecord() throws IOException {
+        final byte[] dataIn =
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "09746573742d686f7374056c6f63616c"
+                                + "00001980010000000a00440201030dc1"
+                                + "41d0637960b98cbc12cfca221d2879da"
+                                + "c26ee5b460e9007c992e1902d897c391"
+                                + "b03764d448f7d0c772fdb03b1d9d6d52"
+                                + "ff8886769e8e2362513565270962d3");
+        final byte[] rData =
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                                + "270962d3");
+        assertNotNull(dataIn);
+        String dataInText = HexDump.dumpHexString(dataIn, 0, dataIn.length);
+
+        // Decode
+        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(dataIn, dataIn.length);
+        MdnsPacketReader reader = new MdnsPacketReader(packet);
+
+        String[] name = reader.readLabels();
+        assertNotNull(name);
+        assertEquals(2, name.length);
+        String fqdn = MdnsRecord.labelsToString(name);
+        assertEquals("test-host.local", fqdn);
+
+        int type = reader.readUInt16();
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, type);
+
+        MdnsKeyRecord keyRecord;
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, MdnsPacketReader reader)
+        reader = new MdnsPacketReader(packet);
+        reader.readLabels(); // Skip labels
+        reader.readUInt16(); // Skip type
+        keyRecord = new MdnsKeyRecord(name, reader);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getTtl() > 0); // Not a question so the TTL is greater than 0
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData());
+        assertNotEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData()); // Uses a copy of the original RDATA
+        assertEquals(dataInText, toHex(keyRecord));
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, MdnsPacketReader reader, boolean isQuestion)
+        reader = new MdnsPacketReader(packet);
+        reader.readLabels(); // Skip labels
+        reader.readUInt16(); // Skip type
+        keyRecord = new MdnsKeyRecord(name, reader, false /* isQuestion */);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getTtl() > 0); // Not a question, so the TTL is greater than 0
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData());
+        assertNotEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData()); // Uses a copy of the original RDATA
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, boolean isUnicast)
+        keyRecord = new MdnsKeyRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertEquals(0, keyRecord.getTtl());
+        assertEquals(QCLASS_INTERNET, keyRecord.getRecordClass());
+        assertFalse(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(null, keyRecord.getRData());
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush, long ttlMillis,
+        // byte[] rData)
+        keyRecord =
+                new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                        name,
+                        10 /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        20_000 /* ttlMillis */,
+                        rData);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertEquals(10, keyRecord.getReceiptTime());
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertEquals(20_000, keyRecord.getTtl());
+        assertEquals(QCLASS_INTERNET, keyRecord.getRecordClass());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData());
+        assertNotEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData()); // Uses a copy of the original RDATA
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySenderTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySenderTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bd0530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySenderTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Message
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsReplySender.getReplyDestination
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.net.DatagramPacket
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.anyLong
+import org.mockito.Mockito.argThat
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+private const val TEST_PORT = 12345
+private const val DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
+private const val LONG_TTL = 4_500_000L
+private const val SHORT_TTL = 120_000L
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+class MdnsReplySenderTest {
+    private val serviceName = arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+    private val otherServiceName = arrayOf("OtherTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+    private val serviceType = arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+    private val source = InetSocketAddress(
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1"), TEST_PORT)
+    private val hostname = arrayOf("Android_000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F", "local")
+    private val otherHostname = arrayOf("Android_0F0E0D0C0B0A09080706050403020100", "local")
+    private val hostAddresses = listOf(
+            LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.111"), 24),
+            LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::111"), 64),
+            LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::222"), 64))
+    private val answers = listOf(
+            MdnsPointerRecord(serviceType, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */,
+                    LONG_TTL, serviceName))
+    private val otherAnswers = listOf(
+            MdnsPointerRecord(serviceType, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */,
+                    LONG_TTL, otherServiceName))
+    private val additionalAnswers = listOf(
+            MdnsTextRecord(serviceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */, LONG_TTL,
+                    emptyList() /* entries */),
+            MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, 0 /* servicePriority */, 0 /* serviceWeight */, TEST_PORT, hostname),
+            MdnsInetAddressRecord(hostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, hostAddresses[0].address),
+            MdnsInetAddressRecord(hostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, hostAddresses[1].address),
+            MdnsInetAddressRecord(hostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, hostAddresses[2].address),
+            MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */, LONG_TTL,
+                    serviceName /* nextDomain */,
+                    intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT, MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV)),
+            MdnsNsecRecord(hostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */, SHORT_TTL,
+                    hostname /* nextDomain */, intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA)))
+    private val otherAdditionalAnswers = listOf(
+            MdnsTextRecord(otherServiceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    LONG_TTL, emptyList() /* entries */),
+            MdnsServiceRecord(otherServiceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, 0 /* servicePriority */, 0 /* serviceWeight */, TEST_PORT,
+                    otherHostname),
+            MdnsInetAddressRecord(otherHostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, hostAddresses[0].address),
+            MdnsInetAddressRecord(otherHostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, hostAddresses[1].address),
+            MdnsInetAddressRecord(otherHostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, hostAddresses[2].address),
+            MdnsNsecRecord(otherServiceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    LONG_TTL, otherServiceName /* nextDomain */,
+                    intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT, MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV)),
+            MdnsNsecRecord(otherHostname, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    SHORT_TTL, otherHostname /* nextDomain */,
+                    intArrayOf(MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA)))
+    private val thread = HandlerThread(MdnsReplySenderTest::class.simpleName)
+    private val socket = mock(MdnsInterfaceSocket::class.java)
+    private val buffer = ByteArray(1500)
+    private val sharedLog = SharedLog(MdnsReplySenderTest::class.simpleName)
+    private val deps = mock(MdnsReplySender.Dependencies::class.java)
+    private val handler by lazy { Handler(thread.looper) }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        thread.start()
+        doReturn(true).`when`(socket).hasJoinedIpv4()
+        doReturn(true).`when`(socket).hasJoinedIpv6()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        thread.quitSafely()
+        thread.join()
+    }
+
+    private fun <T> runningOnHandlerAndReturn(functor: (() -> T)): T {
+        val future = CompletableFuture<T>()
+        handler.post {
+            future.complete(functor())
+        }
+        return future.get(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+    }
+
+    private fun sendNow(sender: MdnsReplySender, packet: MdnsPacket, dest: InetSocketAddress):
+            Unit = runningOnHandlerAndReturn { sender.sendNow(packet, dest) }
+
+    private fun queueReply(sender: MdnsReplySender, reply: MdnsReplyInfo):
+            Unit = runningOnHandlerAndReturn { sender.queueReply(reply) }
+
+    private fun buildFlags(enableKAS: Boolean): MdnsFeatureFlags {
+        return MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder()
+                .setIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled(enableKAS).build()
+    }
+
+    private fun createSender(enableKAS: Boolean): MdnsReplySender =
+            MdnsReplySender(thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog, false /* enableDebugLog */,
+                    deps, buildFlags(enableKAS))
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSendNow() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = false)
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(0x8400,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                answers,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                additionalAnswers)
+        sendNow(replySender, packet, IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR)
+        verify(socket).send(argThat{ it.socketAddress.equals(IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR) })
+    }
+
+    private fun verifyMessageQueued(
+            sender: MdnsReplySender,
+            replies: List<MdnsReplyInfo>
+    ): Pair<Handler, Message> {
+        val handlerCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Handler::class.java)
+        val messageCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Message::class.java)
+        for (reply in replies) {
+            queueReply(sender, reply)
+            verify(deps).sendMessageDelayed(
+                    handlerCaptor.capture(), messageCaptor.capture(), eq(reply.sendDelayMs))
+        }
+        return Pair(handlerCaptor.value, messageCaptor.value)
+    }
+
+    private fun verifyReplySent(
+            realHandler: Handler,
+            delayMessage: Message,
+            remainingAnswers: List<MdnsRecord>
+    ) {
+        val datagramPacketCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket::class.java)
+        realHandler.sendMessage(delayMessage)
+        verify(socket, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)).send(datagramPacketCaptor.capture())
+
+        val dPacket = datagramPacketCaptor.value
+        val mdnsPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(MdnsPacketReader(
+                dPacket.data, dPacket.length, buildFlags(enableKAS = false)))
+        assertEquals(mdnsPacket.answers.toSet(), remainingAnswers.toSet())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = false)
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(answers, additionalAnswers, 20L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        val (handler, message) = verifyMessageQueued(replySender, listOf(reply))
+        verifyReplySent(handler, message, answers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply_KnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = true)
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(answers, additionalAnswers, 20L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        val (handler, message) = verifyMessageQueued(replySender, listOf(reply))
+        verifyReplySent(handler, message, answers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply_MultiplePacket() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = true)
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(answers, additionalAnswers, 400L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        verifyMessageQueued(replySender, listOf(reply))
+
+        // Receive a known-answer packet and verify no message queued.
+        val knownAnswersReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 0L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, answers)
+        queueReply(replySender, knownAnswersReply)
+        verify(deps, times(1)).sendMessageDelayed(any(), any(), anyLong())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply_MultiplePacket_LostSubsequentPacket() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = true)
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(answers, additionalAnswers, 400L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        val (handler, message) = verifyMessageQueued(replySender, listOf(reply))
+
+        // No subsequent packets
+        verifyReplySent(handler, message, answers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply_MultiplePacket_OtherKnownAnswer() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = true)
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(answers, additionalAnswers, 400L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        // Other known-answer service
+        val otherKnownAnswersReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 0L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, otherAnswers)
+        val (handler, message) = verifyMessageQueued(
+                replySender, listOf(reply, otherKnownAnswersReply))
+        verifyReplySent(handler, message, answers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply_MultiplePacket_TwoKnownAnswerPackets() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = true)
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(answers, additionalAnswers, 400L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        val firstKnownAnswerReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 401L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, otherAnswers)
+        verifyMessageQueued(replySender, listOf(reply, firstKnownAnswerReply))
+
+        // Second known-answer service
+        val secondKnownAnswerReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 0L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, answers)
+        queueReply(replySender, secondKnownAnswerReply)
+
+        // Verify that no reply is queued, as all answers are known.
+        verify(deps, times(2)).sendMessageDelayed(any(), any(), anyLong())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply_MultiplePacket_LostSecondaryPacket() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = true)
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(answers, additionalAnswers, 400L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        val firstKnownAnswerReply = MdnsReplyInfo(emptyList(), emptyList(), 401L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, otherAnswers)
+        val (handler, message) = verifyMessageQueued(
+                replySender, listOf(reply, firstKnownAnswerReply))
+
+        // Second known-answer service lost
+        verifyReplySent(handler, message, answers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQueueReply_MultiplePacket_WithMultipleQuestions() {
+        val replySender = createSender(enableKAS = true)
+        val twoAnswers = listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(serviceType, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        LONG_TTL, serviceName),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(otherServiceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */, SHORT_TTL, 0 /* servicePriority */,
+                        0 /* serviceWeight */, TEST_PORT, otherHostname))
+        val reply = MdnsReplyInfo(twoAnswers, additionalAnswers, 400L /* sendDelayMs */,
+                IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, emptyList())
+        val knownAnswersReply = MdnsReplyInfo(otherAnswers, otherAdditionalAnswers,
+                20L /* sendDelayMs */, IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, source, answers)
+        val (handler, message) = verifyMessageQueued(replySender, listOf(reply, knownAnswersReply))
+
+        val remainingAnswers = listOf(
+                MdnsPointerRecord(serviceType, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */,
+                        LONG_TTL, otherServiceName),
+                MdnsServiceRecord(otherServiceName, 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */, SHORT_TTL, 0 /* servicePriority */,
+                        0 /* serviceWeight */, TEST_PORT, otherHostname))
+        verifyReplySent(handler, message, remainingAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReplyDestination() {
+        assertEquals(IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, getReplyDestination(IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR))
+        assertEquals(IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR, getReplyDestination(IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR, IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR))
+        assertEquals(IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR, getReplyDestination(source, IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR))
+        assertEquals(IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR, getReplyDestination(source, IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR))
+        assertEquals(source, getReplyDestination(source, source))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoderTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoderTests.java
index 3fc656a..a22e8c6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoderTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoderTests.java
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.Clock;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -337,7 +339,8 @@
         packet.setSocketAddress(
                 new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT));
 
-        final MdnsPacket parsedPacket = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(data6, data6.length);
+        final MdnsPacket parsedPacket = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(
+                data6, data6.length, MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build());
         assertNotNull(parsedPacket);
 
         final Network network = mock(Network.class);
@@ -636,7 +639,8 @@
 
     private ArraySet<MdnsResponse> decode(MdnsResponseDecoder decoder, byte[] data,
             Collection<MdnsResponse> existingResponses) throws MdnsPacket.ParseException {
-        final MdnsPacket parsedPacket = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(data, data.length);
+        final MdnsPacket parsedPacket = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(
+                data, data.length, MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build());
         assertNotNull(parsedPacket);
 
         return new ArraySet<>(decoder.augmentResponses(parsedPacket,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCacheTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCacheTest.kt
index 2b3b834..b040ab6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCacheTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCacheTest.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceCache.CacheKey
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceCacheTest.ExpiredRecord.ExpiredEvent.ServiceRecordExpired
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
@@ -32,14 +35,21 @@
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 
 private const val SERVICE_NAME_1 = "service-instance-1"
 private const val SERVICE_NAME_2 = "service-instance-2"
+private const val SERVICE_NAME_3 = "service-instance-3"
 private const val SERVICE_TYPE_1 = "_test1._tcp.local"
 private const val SERVICE_TYPE_2 = "_test2._tcp.local"
 private const val INTERFACE_INDEX = 999
 private const val DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
+private const val NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
+private const val TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS = 123L
+private const val DEFAULT_TTL_TIME_MS = 120000L
 
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 class MdnsServiceCacheTest {
@@ -47,10 +57,46 @@
     private val cacheKey1 = CacheKey(SERVICE_TYPE_1, socketKey)
     private val cacheKey2 = CacheKey(SERVICE_TYPE_2, socketKey)
     private val thread = HandlerThread(MdnsServiceCacheTest::class.simpleName)
+    private val clock = mock(MdnsUtils.Clock::class.java)
     private val handler by lazy {
         Handler(thread.looper)
     }
 
+    private class ExpiredRecord : MdnsServiceCache.ServiceExpiredCallback {
+        val history = ArrayTrackRecord<ExpiredEvent>().newReadHead()
+
+        sealed class ExpiredEvent {
+            abstract val previousResponse: MdnsResponse
+            abstract val newResponse: MdnsResponse?
+            data class ServiceRecordExpired(
+                    override val previousResponse: MdnsResponse,
+                    override val newResponse: MdnsResponse?
+            ) : ExpiredEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceRecordExpired(
+                previousResponse: MdnsResponse,
+                newResponse: MdnsResponse?
+        ) {
+            history.add(ServiceRecordExpired(previousResponse, newResponse))
+        }
+
+        fun expectedServiceRecordExpired(
+                serviceName: String,
+                timeoutMs: Long = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS
+        ) {
+            val event = history.poll(timeoutMs)
+            assertNotNull(event)
+            assertTrue(event is ServiceRecordExpired)
+            assertEquals(serviceName, event.previousResponse.serviceInstanceName)
+        }
+
+        fun assertNoCallback() {
+            val cb = history.poll(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertNull("Expected no callback but got $cb", cb)
+        }
+    }
+
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         thread.start()
@@ -59,6 +105,7 @@
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
         thread.quitSafely()
+        thread.join()
     }
 
     private fun makeFlags(isExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled: Boolean = false) =
@@ -89,19 +136,27 @@
     private fun getService(
             serviceCache: MdnsServiceCache,
             serviceName: String,
-            cacheKey: CacheKey,
+            cacheKey: CacheKey
     ): MdnsResponse? = runningOnHandlerAndReturn {
         serviceCache.getCachedService(serviceName, cacheKey)
     }
 
     private fun getServices(
             serviceCache: MdnsServiceCache,
-            cacheKey: CacheKey,
+            cacheKey: CacheKey
     ): List<MdnsResponse> = runningOnHandlerAndReturn { serviceCache.getCachedServices(cacheKey) }
 
+    private fun registerServiceExpiredCallback(
+            serviceCache: MdnsServiceCache,
+            cacheKey: CacheKey,
+            callback: MdnsServiceCache.ServiceExpiredCallback
+    ) = runningOnHandlerAndReturn {
+        serviceCache.registerServiceExpiredCallback(cacheKey, callback)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testAddAndRemoveService() {
-        val serviceCache = MdnsServiceCache(thread.looper, makeFlags())
+        val serviceCache = MdnsServiceCache(thread.looper, makeFlags(), clock)
         addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey1, createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_1, SERVICE_TYPE_1))
         var response = getService(serviceCache, SERVICE_NAME_1, cacheKey1)
         assertNotNull(response)
@@ -113,7 +168,7 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testGetCachedServices_multipleServiceTypes() {
-        val serviceCache = MdnsServiceCache(thread.looper, makeFlags())
+        val serviceCache = MdnsServiceCache(thread.looper, makeFlags(), clock)
         addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey1, createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_1, SERVICE_TYPE_1))
         addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey1, createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_2, SERVICE_TYPE_1))
         addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey2, createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_2, SERVICE_TYPE_2))
@@ -145,7 +200,127 @@
         })
     }
 
-    private fun createResponse(serviceInstanceName: String, serviceType: String) = MdnsResponse(
-            0 /* now */, "$serviceInstanceName.$serviceType".split(".").toTypedArray(),
-            socketKey.interfaceIndex, socketKey.network)
+    @Test
+    fun testServiceExpiredAndSendCallbacks() {
+        val serviceCache = MdnsServiceCache(
+                thread.looper, makeFlags(isExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled = true), clock)
+        // Register service expired callbacks
+        val callback1 = ExpiredRecord()
+        val callback2 = ExpiredRecord()
+        registerServiceExpiredCallback(serviceCache, cacheKey1, callback1)
+        registerServiceExpiredCallback(serviceCache, cacheKey2, callback2)
+
+        doReturn(TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS).`when`(clock).elapsedRealtime()
+
+        // Add multiple services with different ttl time.
+        addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey1, createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_1, SERVICE_TYPE_1,
+                DEFAULT_TTL_TIME_MS))
+        addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey1, createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_2, SERVICE_TYPE_1,
+                DEFAULT_TTL_TIME_MS + 20L))
+        addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey2, createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_3, SERVICE_TYPE_2,
+                DEFAULT_TTL_TIME_MS + 10L))
+
+        // Check the service expiration immediately. Should be no callback.
+        assertEquals(2, getServices(serviceCache, cacheKey1).size)
+        assertEquals(1, getServices(serviceCache, cacheKey2).size)
+        callback1.assertNoCallback()
+        callback2.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // Simulate the case where the response is after TTL then check expired services.
+        // Expect SERVICE_NAME_1 expired.
+        doReturn(TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS + DEFAULT_TTL_TIME_MS).`when`(clock).elapsedRealtime()
+        assertEquals(1, getServices(serviceCache, cacheKey1).size)
+        assertEquals(1, getServices(serviceCache, cacheKey2).size)
+        callback1.expectedServiceRecordExpired(SERVICE_NAME_1)
+        callback2.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // Simulate the case where the response is after TTL then check expired services.
+        // Expect SERVICE_NAME_3 expired.
+        doReturn(TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS + DEFAULT_TTL_TIME_MS + 11L)
+                .`when`(clock).elapsedRealtime()
+        assertEquals(1, getServices(serviceCache, cacheKey1).size)
+        assertEquals(0, getServices(serviceCache, cacheKey2).size)
+        callback1.assertNoCallback()
+        callback2.expectedServiceRecordExpired(SERVICE_NAME_3)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveExpiredServiceWhenGetting() {
+        val serviceCache = MdnsServiceCache(
+                thread.looper, makeFlags(isExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled = true), clock)
+
+        doReturn(TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS).`when`(clock).elapsedRealtime()
+        addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey1,
+                createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_1, SERVICE_TYPE_1, 1L /* ttlTime */))
+        doReturn(TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS + 2L).`when`(clock).elapsedRealtime()
+        assertNull(getService(serviceCache, SERVICE_NAME_1, cacheKey1))
+
+        addOrUpdateService(serviceCache, cacheKey2,
+                createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_2, SERVICE_TYPE_2, 3L /* ttlTime */))
+        doReturn(TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS + 4L).`when`(clock).elapsedRealtime()
+        assertEquals(0, getServices(serviceCache, cacheKey2).size)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testInsertResponseAndSortList() {
+        val responses = ArrayList<MdnsResponse>()
+        val response1 = createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_1, SERVICE_TYPE_1, 100L /* ttlTime */)
+        MdnsServiceCache.insertResponseAndSortList(responses, response1, TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS)
+        assertEquals(1, responses.size)
+        assertEquals(response1, responses[0])
+
+        val response2 = createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_2, SERVICE_TYPE_1, 50L /* ttlTime */)
+        MdnsServiceCache.insertResponseAndSortList(responses, response2, TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS)
+        assertEquals(2, responses.size)
+        assertEquals(response2, responses[0])
+        assertEquals(response1, responses[1])
+
+        val response3 = createResponse(SERVICE_NAME_3, SERVICE_TYPE_1, 75L /* ttlTime */)
+        MdnsServiceCache.insertResponseAndSortList(responses, response3, TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS)
+        assertEquals(3, responses.size)
+        assertEquals(response2, responses[0])
+        assertEquals(response3, responses[1])
+        assertEquals(response1, responses[2])
+
+        val response4 = createResponse("service-instance-4", SERVICE_TYPE_1, 125L /* ttlTime */)
+        MdnsServiceCache.insertResponseAndSortList(responses, response4, TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS)
+        assertEquals(4, responses.size)
+        assertEquals(response2, responses[0])
+        assertEquals(response3, responses[1])
+        assertEquals(response1, responses[2])
+        assertEquals(response4, responses[3])
+    }
+
+    private fun createResponse(
+            serviceInstanceName: String,
+            serviceType: String,
+            ttlTime: Long = 120000L
+    ): MdnsResponse {
+        val serviceName = "$serviceInstanceName.$serviceType".split(".").toTypedArray()
+        val response = MdnsResponse(
+                0 /* now */, "$serviceInstanceName.$serviceType".split(".").toTypedArray(),
+                socketKey.interfaceIndex, socketKey.network)
+
+        // Set PTR record
+        val pointerRecord = MdnsPointerRecord(
+                serviceType.split(".").toTypedArray(),
+                TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                ttlTime /* ttlMillis */,
+                serviceName)
+        response.addPointerRecord(pointerRecord)
+
+        // Set SRV record.
+        val serviceRecord = MdnsServiceRecord(
+                serviceName,
+                TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME_MS /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                false /* cacheFlush */,
+                ttlTime /* ttlMillis */,
+                0 /* servicePriority */,
+                0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                12345 /* port */,
+                arrayOf("hostname"))
+        response.serviceRecord = serviceRecord
+        return response
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java
index e7d7a98..4ce8ba6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -53,7 +54,8 @@
                         "192.168.1.1",
                         "2001::1",
                         List.of("vn=Google Inc.", "mn=Google Nest Hub Max"),
-                        /* textEntries= */ null);
+                        /* textEntries= */ null,
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("vn").equals("Google Inc."));
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("mn").equals("Google Nest Hub Max"));
@@ -72,7 +74,8 @@
                         "2001::1",
                         /* textStrings= */ null,
                         List.of(MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("vn=Google Inc."),
-                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")));
+                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")),
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("vn").equals("Google Inc."));
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("mn").equals("Google Nest Hub Max"));
@@ -92,7 +95,8 @@
                         List.of("vn=Alphabet Inc.", "mn=Google Nest Hub Max", "id=12345"),
                         List.of(
                                 MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("vn=Google Inc."),
-                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")));
+                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")),
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals(Map.of("vn", "Google Inc.", "mn", "Google Nest Hub Max"),
                 info.getAttributes());
@@ -112,7 +116,8 @@
                         List.of("vn=Alphabet Inc.", "mn=Google Nest Hub Max", "id=12345"),
                         List.of(MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("vn=Google Inc."),
                                 MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max"),
-                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google WiFi Router")));
+                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google WiFi Router")),
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals(Map.of("vn", "Google Inc.", "mn", "Google Nest Hub Max"),
                 info.getAttributes());
@@ -130,7 +135,8 @@
                         "192.168.1.1",
                         "2001::1",
                         List.of("KEY=Value"),
-                        /* textEntries= */ null);
+                        /* textEntries= */ null,
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals("Value", info.getAttributeByKey("key"));
         assertEquals("Value", info.getAttributeByKey("KEY"));
@@ -149,7 +155,9 @@
                         12345,
                         "192.168.1.1",
                         "2001::1",
-                        List.of());
+                        List.of(),
+                        /* textEntries= */ null,
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals(info.getInterfaceIndex(), INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
     }
@@ -202,7 +210,8 @@
                         List.of(),
                         /* textEntries= */ null,
                         /* interfaceIndex= */ 20,
-                        network);
+                        network,
+                        Instant.MAX /* expirationTime */);
 
         assertEquals(network, info2.getNetwork());
     }
@@ -225,7 +234,8 @@
                                 MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max"),
                                 MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("test=")),
                         20 /* interfaceIndex */,
-                        new Network(123));
+                        new Network(123),
+                        Instant.MAX /* expirationTime */);
 
         beforeParcel.writeToParcel(parcel, 0);
         parcel.setDataPosition(0);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
index ce154dd..44fa55c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
@@ -16,7 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceTypeClient.EVENT_START_QUERYTASK;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.QueryTaskConfig.INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.QueryTaskConfig.MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.QueryTaskConfig.TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
@@ -32,11 +38,13 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
@@ -87,6 +95,7 @@
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 /** Tests for {@link MdnsServiceTypeClient}. */
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
 public class MdnsServiceTypeClientTests {
@@ -109,8 +118,6 @@
     @Mock
     private MdnsServiceBrowserListener mockListenerTwo;
     @Mock
-    private MdnsPacketWriter mockPacketWriter;
-    @Mock
     private MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient mockSocketClient;
     @Mock
     private Network mockNetwork;
@@ -137,6 +144,7 @@
     private long latestDelayMs = 0;
     private Message delayMessage = null;
     private Handler realHandler = null;
+    private MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build();
 
     @Before
     @SuppressWarnings("DoNotMock")
@@ -144,8 +152,8 @@
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         doReturn(TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME).when(mockDecoderClock).elapsedRealtime();
 
-        expectedIPv4Packets = new DatagramPacket[16];
-        expectedIPv6Packets = new DatagramPacket[16];
+        expectedIPv4Packets = new DatagramPacket[24];
+        expectedIPv6Packets = new DatagramPacket[24];
         socketKey = new SocketKey(mockNetwork, INTERFACE_INDEX);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < expectedIPv4Packets.length; ++i) {
@@ -154,47 +162,67 @@
             expectedIPv6Packets[i] = new DatagramPacket(buf, 0 /* offset */, 5 /* length */,
                     MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT);
         }
-        when(mockPacketWriter.getPacket(IPV4_ADDRESS))
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[0])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[1])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[2])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[3])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[4])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[5])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[6])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[7])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[8])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[9])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[10])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[11])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[12])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[13])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[14])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[15]);
+        when(mockDeps.getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), eq(IPV4_ADDRESS), anyBoolean()))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[0]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[1]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[2]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[3]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[4]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[5]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[6]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[7]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[8]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[9]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[10]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[11]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[12]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[13]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[14]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[15]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[16]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[17]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[18]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[19]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[20]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[21]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[22]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[23]));
 
-        when(mockPacketWriter.getPacket(IPV6_ADDRESS))
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[0])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[1])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[2])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[3])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[4])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[5])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[6])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[7])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[8])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[9])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[10])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[11])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[12])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[13])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[14])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[15]);
+        when(mockDeps.getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), eq(IPV6_ADDRESS), anyBoolean()))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[0]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[1]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[2]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[3]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[4]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[5]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[6]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[7]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[8]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[9]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[10]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[11]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[12]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[13]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[14]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[15]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[16]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[17]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[18]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[19]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[20]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[21]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[22]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[23]));
 
         thread = new HandlerThread("MdnsServiceTypeClientTests");
         thread.start();
         handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
         serviceCache = new MdnsServiceCache(
-                thread.getLooper(), MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build());
+                thread.getLooper(),
+                MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled(false).build(),
+                mockDecoderClock);
 
         doAnswer(inv -> {
             latestDelayMs = 0;
@@ -216,21 +244,20 @@
             return true;
         }).when(mockDeps).sendMessage(any(Handler.class), any(Message.class));
 
-        client =
-                new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                        serviceCache) {
-                    @Override
-                    MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
-                        return mockPacketWriter;
-                    }
-                };
+        client = makeMdnsServiceTypeClient();
+    }
+
+    private MdnsServiceTypeClient makeMdnsServiceTypeClient() {
+        return new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
+                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
+                serviceCache, featureFlags);
     }
 
     @After
-    public void tearDown() {
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         if (thread != null) {
             thread.quitSafely();
+            thread.join();
         }
     }
 
@@ -263,8 +290,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void sendQueries_activeScanMode() {
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(false).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // Always try to remove the task.
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
@@ -315,8 +342,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void sendQueries_reentry_activeScanMode() {
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(false).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // Always try to remove the task.
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
@@ -329,7 +356,7 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                         .addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
                         .addSubtype("_subtype2")
-                        .setIsPassiveMode(false)
+                        .setQueryMode(ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE)
                         .build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // The previous scheduled task should be canceled.
@@ -349,8 +376,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void sendQueries_passiveScanMode() {
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(true).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // Always try to remove the task.
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
@@ -376,8 +403,10 @@
     @Test
     public void sendQueries_activeScanWithQueryBackoff() {
         MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(
-                        false).setNumOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(11).build();
+                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                        .addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
+                        .setQueryMode(ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE)
+                        .setNumOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(11).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // Always try to remove the task.
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
@@ -435,8 +464,10 @@
     @Test
     public void sendQueries_passiveScanWithQueryBackoff() {
         MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(
-                        true).setNumOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(3).build();
+                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                        .addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
+                        .setQueryMode(PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE)
+                        .setNumOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(3).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // Always try to remove the task.
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
@@ -493,8 +524,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void sendQueries_reentry_passiveScanMode() {
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(true).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // Always try to remove the task.
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
@@ -507,7 +538,7 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                         .addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
                         .addSubtype("_subtype2")
-                        .setIsPassiveMode(true)
+                        .setQueryMode(PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE)
                         .build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // The previous scheduled task should be canceled.
@@ -529,16 +560,15 @@
     @Ignore("MdnsConfigs is not configurable currently.")
     public void testQueryTaskConfig_alwaysAskForUnicastResponse() {
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.alwaysAskForUnicastResponseInEachBurst.override(true);
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(false).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         QueryTaskConfig config = new QueryTaskConfig(
-                searchOptions.getSubtypes(), searchOptions.isPassiveMode(),
+                searchOptions.getQueryMode(),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */, 3 /* numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff */,
                 socketKey);
 
         // This is the first query. We will ask for unicast response.
         assertTrue(config.expectUnicastResponse);
-        assertEquals(config.subtypes, searchOptions.getSubtypes());
         assertEquals(config.transactionId, 1);
 
         // For the rest of queries in this burst, we will NOT ask for unicast response.
@@ -546,7 +576,6 @@
             int oldTransactionId = config.transactionId;
             config = config.getConfigForNextRun();
             assertFalse(config.expectUnicastResponse);
-            assertEquals(config.subtypes, searchOptions.getSubtypes());
             assertEquals(config.transactionId, oldTransactionId + 1);
         }
 
@@ -554,22 +583,20 @@
         int oldTransactionId = config.transactionId;
         config = config.getConfigForNextRun();
         assertTrue(config.expectUnicastResponse);
-        assertEquals(config.subtypes, searchOptions.getSubtypes());
         assertEquals(config.transactionId, oldTransactionId + 1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testQueryTaskConfig_askForUnicastInFirstQuery() {
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(false).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         QueryTaskConfig config = new QueryTaskConfig(
-                searchOptions.getSubtypes(), searchOptions.isPassiveMode(),
+                searchOptions.getQueryMode(),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */, 3 /* numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff */,
                 socketKey);
 
         // This is the first query. We will ask for unicast response.
         assertTrue(config.expectUnicastResponse);
-        assertEquals(config.subtypes, searchOptions.getSubtypes());
         assertEquals(config.transactionId, 1);
 
         // For the rest of queries in this burst, we will NOT ask for unicast response.
@@ -577,7 +604,6 @@
             int oldTransactionId = config.transactionId;
             config = config.getConfigForNextRun();
             assertFalse(config.expectUnicastResponse);
-            assertEquals(config.subtypes, searchOptions.getSubtypes());
             assertEquals(config.transactionId, oldTransactionId + 1);
         }
 
@@ -585,14 +611,13 @@
         int oldTransactionId = config.transactionId;
         config = config.getConfigForNextRun();
         assertFalse(config.expectUnicastResponse);
-        assertEquals(config.subtypes, searchOptions.getSubtypes());
         assertEquals(config.transactionId, oldTransactionId + 1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIfPreviousTaskIsCanceledWhenNewSessionStarts() {
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(true).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         Runnable firstMdnsTask = currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearSubmittedRunnable();
 
@@ -601,7 +626,7 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                         .addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
                         .addSubtype("_subtype2")
-                        .setIsPassiveMode(true)
+                        .setQueryMode(PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE)
                         .build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
 
@@ -620,8 +645,8 @@
     @Ignore("MdnsConfigs is not configurable currently.")
     public void testIfPreviousTaskIsCanceledWhenSessionStops() {
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.shouldCancelScanTaskWhenFutureIsNull.override(true);
-        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
-                MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setIsPassiveMode(true).build();
+        MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
         // Change the sutypes and start a new session.
         stopSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne);
@@ -663,6 +688,81 @@
                 any(), any(), eq(MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenQueriesInBurstMs()));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testCombinedSubtypesQueriedWithMultipleListeners() throws Exception {
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions1 = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype("subtype1").build();
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions2 = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype("subtype2").build();
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions1);
+        currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
+
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient, mockDeps);
+
+        // Verify the query asks for subtype1
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> subtype1QueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
+        inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
+                subtype1QueryCaptor.capture(),
+                eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+
+        final MdnsPacket subtype1Query = MdnsPacket.parse(
+                new MdnsPacketReader(subtype1QueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+
+        assertEquals(2, subtype1Query.questions.size());
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(subtype1Query, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(subtype1Query, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR,
+                getServiceTypeWithSubtype("_subtype1")));
+
+        // Add subtype2
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerTwo, searchOptions2);
+        inOrder.verify(mockDeps).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+        currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
+                combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor.capture(),
+                eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+        // The next query must have been scheduled
+        inOrder.verify(mockDeps).sendMessageDelayed(any(), any(), anyLong());
+
+        final MdnsPacket combinedSubtypesQuery = MdnsPacket.parse(
+                new MdnsPacketReader(combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+
+        assertEquals(3, combinedSubtypesQuery.questions.size());
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(combinedSubtypesQuery, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(combinedSubtypesQuery, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR,
+                getServiceTypeWithSubtype("_subtype1")));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(combinedSubtypesQuery, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR,
+                getServiceTypeWithSubtype("_subtype2")));
+
+        // Remove subtype1
+        stopSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne);
+
+        // Queries are not rescheduled, but the next query is affected
+        dispatchMessage();
+        currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> subtype2QueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
+        inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
+                subtype2QueryCaptor.capture(),
+                eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+
+        final MdnsPacket subtype2Query = MdnsPacket.parse(
+                new MdnsPacketReader(subtype2QueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+
+        assertEquals(2, subtype2Query.questions.size());
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(subtype2Query, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(subtype2Query, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR,
+                getServiceTypeWithSubtype("_subtype2")));
+    }
+
     private static void verifyServiceInfo(MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo, String serviceName,
             String[] serviceType, List<String> ipv4Addresses, List<String> ipv6Addresses, int port,
             List<String> subTypes, Map<String, String> attributes, SocketKey socketKey) {
@@ -915,15 +1015,6 @@
     public void processResponse_searchOptionsEnableServiceRemoval_shouldRemove()
             throws Exception {
         final String serviceInstanceName = "service-instance-1";
-        client =
-                new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                        serviceCache) {
-                    @Override
-                    MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
-                        return mockPacketWriter;
-                    }
-                };
         MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                 .setRemoveExpiredService(true)
                 .setNumOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
@@ -961,15 +1052,6 @@
     public void processResponse_searchOptionsNotEnableServiceRemoval_shouldNotRemove()
             throws Exception {
         final String serviceInstanceName = "service-instance-1";
-        client =
-                new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                        serviceCache) {
-                    @Override
-                    MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
-                        return mockPacketWriter;
-                    }
-                };
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, MdnsSearchOptions.getDefaultOptions());
         Runnable firstMdnsTask = currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearSubmittedRunnable();
 
@@ -995,15 +1077,6 @@
             throws Exception {
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.removeServiceAfterTtlExpires.override(true);
         final String serviceInstanceName = "service-instance-1";
-        client =
-                new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                        serviceCache) {
-                    @Override
-                    MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
-                        return mockPacketWriter;
-                    }
-                };
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, MdnsSearchOptions.getDefaultOptions());
         Runnable firstMdnsTask = currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearSubmittedRunnable();
 
@@ -1118,24 +1191,27 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testProcessResponse_Resolve() throws Exception {
-        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                serviceCache);
-
         final String instanceName = "service-instance";
         final String[] hostname = new String[] { "testhost "};
         final String ipV4Address = "192.0.2.0";
         final String ipV6Address = "2001:db8::";
 
-        final MdnsSearchOptions resolveOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+        final MdnsSearchOptions resolveOptions1 = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .setResolveInstanceName(instanceName).build();
+        final MdnsSearchOptions resolveOptions2 = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                 .setResolveInstanceName(instanceName).build();
 
-        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, resolveOptions);
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
+
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, resolveOptions1);
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerTwo, resolveOptions2);
+        // No need to verify order for both listeners; and order is not guaranteed between them
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
 
         // Verify a query for SRV/TXT was sent, but no PTR query
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
@@ -1143,13 +1219,19 @@
                 eq(socketKey), eq(false));
         verify(mockDeps, times(1)).sendMessage(any(), any(Message.class));
         assertNotNull(delayMessage);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
+        verify(mockListenerTwo).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
 
         final MdnsPacket srvTxtQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
 
         final String[] serviceName = getTestServiceName(instanceName);
+        assertEquals(1, srvTxtQueryPacket.questions.size());
         assertFalse(hasQuestion(srvTxtQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(srvTxtQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_ANY, serviceName));
+        assertEquals(0, srvTxtQueryPacket.answers.size());
+        assertEquals(0, srvTxtQueryPacket.authorityRecords.size());
+        assertEquals(0, srvTxtQueryPacket.additionalRecords.size());
 
         // Process a response with SRV+TXT
         final MdnsPacket srvTxtResponse = new MdnsPacket(
@@ -1166,20 +1248,31 @@
                 Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
 
         processResponse(srvTxtResponse, socketKey);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(instanceName), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(instanceName), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
         // Expect a query for A/AAAA
         dispatchMessage();
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> addressQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> addressQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
                 addressQueryCaptor.capture(),
                 eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
+        // onDiscoveryQuerySent was called 2 times in total
+        verify(mockListenerTwo, times(2)).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
 
         final MdnsPacket addressQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(addressQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(addressQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+        assertEquals(2, addressQueryPacket.questions.size());
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(addressQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, hostname));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(addressQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA, hostname));
+        assertEquals(0, addressQueryPacket.answers.size());
+        assertEquals(0, addressQueryPacket.authorityRecords.size());
+        assertEquals(0, addressQueryPacket.additionalRecords.size());
 
         // Process a response with address records
         final MdnsPacket addressResponse = new MdnsPacket(
@@ -1196,10 +1289,12 @@
                 Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
 
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(any(), anyBoolean());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockListenerTwo);
         processResponse(addressResponse, socketKey);
 
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
                 serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(any(), anyBoolean());
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getValue(),
                 instanceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -1213,10 +1308,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testRenewTxtSrvInResolve() throws Exception {
-        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                serviceCache);
-
         final String instanceName = "service-instance";
         final String[] hostname = new String[] { "testhost "};
         final String ipV4Address = "192.0.2.0";
@@ -1225,12 +1316,15 @@
         final MdnsSearchOptions resolveOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                 .setResolveInstanceName(instanceName).build();
 
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
+
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, resolveOptions);
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
 
         // Get the query for SRV/TXT
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
@@ -1240,7 +1334,7 @@
         assertNotNull(delayMessage);
 
         final MdnsPacket srvTxtQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
 
         final String[] serviceName = getTestServiceName(instanceName);
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(srvTxtQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_ANY, serviceName));
@@ -1284,8 +1378,8 @@
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
 
         // Expect a renewal query
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> renewalQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> renewalQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         // Second and later sends are sent as "expect multicast response" queries
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
                 renewalQueryCaptor.capture(),
@@ -1294,7 +1388,7 @@
         assertNotNull(delayMessage);
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
         final MdnsPacket renewalPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(renewalQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(renewalQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(renewalPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_ANY, serviceName));
         inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
 
@@ -1329,10 +1423,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testProcessResponse_ResolveExcludesOtherServices() {
-        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                serviceCache);
-
         final String requestedInstance = "instance1";
         final String otherInstance = "instance2";
         final String ipV4Address = "192.0.2.0";
@@ -1399,10 +1489,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testProcessResponse_SubtypeDiscoveryLimitedToSubtype() {
-        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                serviceCache);
-
         final String matchingInstance = "instance1";
         final String subtype = "_subtype";
         final String otherInstance = "instance2";
@@ -1488,11 +1574,88 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNotifySocketDestroyed() throws Exception {
-        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                serviceCache);
+    public void testProcessResponse_SubtypeChange() {
+        final String matchingInstance = "instance1";
+        final String subtype = "_subtype";
+        final String ipV4Address = "192.0.2.0";
+        final String ipV6Address = "2001:db8::";
 
+        final MdnsSearchOptions options = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype("othersub").build();
+
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, options);
+
+        // Complete response from instanceName
+        final MdnsPacket packetWithoutSubtype = createResponse(
+                matchingInstance, ipV4Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                Collections.emptyMap() /* textAttributes */, TEST_TTL);
+        final MdnsPointerRecord originalPtr = (MdnsPointerRecord) CollectionUtils.findFirst(
+                packetWithoutSubtype.answers, r -> r instanceof MdnsPointerRecord);
+
+        // Add a subtype PTR record
+        final ArrayList<MdnsRecord> newAnswers = new ArrayList<>(packetWithoutSubtype.answers);
+        newAnswers.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(
+                // PTR should be _subtype._sub._type._tcp.local -> instance1._type._tcp.local
+                Stream.concat(Stream.of(subtype, "_sub"), Arrays.stream(SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS))
+                        .toArray(String[]::new),
+                originalPtr.getReceiptTime(), originalPtr.getCacheFlush(), originalPtr.getTtl(),
+                originalPtr.getPointer()));
+        processResponse(new MdnsPacket(
+                packetWithoutSubtype.flags,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.questions,
+                newAnswers,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.authorityRecords,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.additionalRecords), socketKey);
+
+        // The subtype does not match
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(any(), anyBoolean());
+
+        // Add another matching subtype
+        newAnswers.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(
+                // PTR should be _subtype._sub._type._tcp.local -> instance1._type._tcp.local
+                Stream.concat(Stream.of("_othersub", "_sub"), Arrays.stream(SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS))
+                        .toArray(String[]::new),
+                originalPtr.getReceiptTime(), originalPtr.getCacheFlush(), originalPtr.getTtl(),
+                originalPtr.getPointer()));
+        processResponse(new MdnsPacket(
+                packetWithoutSubtype.flags,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.questions,
+                newAnswers,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.authorityRecords,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.additionalRecords), socketKey);
+
+        final ArgumentMatcher<MdnsServiceInfo> subtypeInstanceMatcher = info ->
+                info.getServiceInstanceName().equals(matchingInstance)
+                        && info.getSubtypes().equals(List.of("_subtype", "_othersub"));
+
+        // Service found callbacks are sent now
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+
+        // Address update: update callbacks are sent
+        processResponse(createResponse(
+                matchingInstance, ipV6Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                Collections.emptyMap(), TEST_TTL), socketKey);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceUpdated(argThat(info ->
+                subtypeInstanceMatcher.matches(info)
+                        && info.getIpv4Addresses().equals(List.of(ipV4Address))
+                        && info.getIpv6Addresses().equals(List.of(ipV6Address))));
+
+        // Goodbye: service removed callbacks are sent
+        processResponse(createResponse(
+                matchingInstance, ipV6Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                Collections.emptyMap(), 0L /* ttl */), socketKey);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(matchingInstance));
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameRemoved(matchServiceName(matchingInstance));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotifySocketDestroyed() throws Exception {
         final String requestedInstance = "instance1";
         final String otherInstance = "instance2";
         final String ipV4Address = "192.0.2.0";
@@ -1662,6 +1825,243 @@
                 socketKey);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void sendQueries_aggressiveScanMode() {
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
+        // Always try to remove the task.
+        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+
+        int burstCounter = 0;
+        int betweenBurstTime = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < expectedIPv4Packets.length; i += 3) {
+            verifyAndSendQuery(i, betweenBurstTime, /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ true);
+            verifyAndSendQuery(i + 1, /* timeInMs= */ 0, /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ false);
+            verifyAndSendQuery(i + 2, TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS,
+                    /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ false);
+            betweenBurstTime = Math.min(
+                    INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS * (int) Math.pow(2, burstCounter),
+                    MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS);
+            burstCounter++;
+        }
+        // Verify that Task is not removed before stopSendAndReceive was called.
+        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+
+        // Stop sending packets.
+        stopSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne);
+        verify(mockDeps, times(2)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void sendQueries_reentry_aggressiveScanMode() {
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE).setQueryMode(AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
+        // Always try to remove the task.
+        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+
+        // First burst, first query is sent.
+        verifyAndSendQuery(0, /* timeInMs= */ 0, /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ true);
+
+        // After the first query is sent, change the subtypes, and restart.
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions2 = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
+                .addSubtype("_subtype2").setQueryMode(AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE).build();
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions2);
+        // The previous scheduled task should be canceled.
+        verify(mockDeps, times(2)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+
+        // Queries should continue to be sent.
+        verifyAndSendQuery(1, /* timeInMs= */ 0, /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ true);
+        verifyAndSendQuery(2, /* timeInMs= */ 0, /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ false);
+        verifyAndSendQuery(3, TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS,
+                /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ false);
+
+        // Stop sending packets.
+        stopSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne);
+        verify(mockDeps, times(3)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void sendQueries_blendScanWithQueryBackoff() {
+        final int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff = 11;
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
+                .setQueryMode(AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE)
+                .setNumOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff)
+                .build();
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
+        // Always try to remove the task.
+        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+
+        int burstCounter = 0;
+        int betweenBurstTime = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff; i += 3) {
+            verifyAndSendQuery(i, betweenBurstTime, /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ true);
+            verifyAndSendQuery(i + 1, /* timeInMs= */ 0, /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ false);
+            verifyAndSendQuery(i + 2, TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS,
+                    /* expectsUnicastResponse= */ false);
+            betweenBurstTime = Math.min(
+                    INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS * (int) Math.pow(2, burstCounter),
+                    MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS);
+            burstCounter++;
+        }
+        // In backoff mode, the current scheduled task will be canceled and reschedule if the
+        // 0.8 * smallestRemainingTtl is larger than time to next run.
+        long currentTime = TEST_TTL / 2 + TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME;
+        doReturn(currentTime).when(mockDecoderClock).elapsedRealtime();
+        doReturn(true).when(mockDeps).hasMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+        processResponse(createResponse(
+                "service-instance-1", "192.0.2.123", 5353,
+                SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                Collections.emptyMap(), TEST_TTL), socketKey);
+        verify(mockDeps, times(2)).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
+        assertNotNull(delayMessage);
+        verifyAndSendQuery(12 /* index */, (long) (TEST_TTL / 2 * 0.8) /* timeInMs */,
+                true /* expectsUnicastResponse */, true /* multipleSocketDiscovery */,
+                14 /* scheduledCount */);
+        currentTime += (long) (TEST_TTL / 2 * 0.8);
+        doReturn(currentTime).when(mockDecoderClock).elapsedRealtime();
+        verifyAndSendQuery(13 /* index */, 0 /* timeInMs */,
+                false /* expectsUnicastResponse */, true /* multipleSocketDiscovery */,
+                15 /* scheduledCount */);
+        verifyAndSendQuery(14 /* index */, TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS,
+                false /* expectsUnicastResponse */, true /* multipleSocketDiscovery */,
+                16 /* scheduledCount */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendQueryWithKnownAnswers() throws Exception {
+        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
+                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
+                serviceCache,
+                MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(true).build());
+
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
+
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, MdnsSearchOptions.getDefaultOptions());
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> queryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
+        // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
+        inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
+                queryCaptor.capture(), eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).sendMessage(any(), any(Message.class));
+        assertNotNull(delayMessage);
+
+        final MdnsPacket queryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
+                new MdnsPacketReader(queryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(queryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR));
+
+        // Process a response
+        final String serviceName = "service-instance";
+        final String ipV4Address = "192.0.2.0";
+        final String[] subtypeLabels = Stream.concat(Stream.of("_subtype", "_sub"),
+                        Arrays.stream(SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS)).toArray(String[]::new);
+        final MdnsPacket packetWithoutSubtype = createResponse(
+                serviceName, ipV4Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                Collections.emptyMap() /* textAttributes */, TEST_TTL);
+        final MdnsPointerRecord originalPtr = (MdnsPointerRecord) CollectionUtils.findFirst(
+                packetWithoutSubtype.answers, r -> r instanceof MdnsPointerRecord);
+
+        // Add a subtype PTR record
+        final ArrayList<MdnsRecord> newAnswers = new ArrayList<>(packetWithoutSubtype.answers);
+        newAnswers.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(subtypeLabels, originalPtr.getReceiptTime(),
+                originalPtr.getCacheFlush(), originalPtr.getTtl(), originalPtr.getPointer()));
+        final MdnsPacket packetWithSubtype = new MdnsPacket(
+                packetWithoutSubtype.flags,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.questions,
+                newAnswers,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.authorityRecords,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.additionalRecords);
+        processResponse(packetWithSubtype, socketKey);
+
+        // Expect a query with known answers
+        dispatchMessage();
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> knownAnswersQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
+        inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
+                knownAnswersQueryCaptor.capture(), eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+
+        final MdnsPacket knownAnswersQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
+                new MdnsPacketReader(knownAnswersQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertTrue(hasAnswer(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertFalse(hasAnswer(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, subtypeLabels));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendQueryWithSubTypeWithKnownAnswers() throws Exception {
+        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
+                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
+                serviceCache,
+                MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(true).build());
+
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
+
+        final MdnsSearchOptions options = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype("subtype").build();
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, options);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> queryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
+        // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
+        inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
+                queryCaptor.capture(), eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).sendMessage(any(), any(Message.class));
+        assertNotNull(delayMessage);
+
+        final MdnsPacket queryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
+                new MdnsPacketReader(queryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+        final String[] subtypeLabels = Stream.concat(Stream.of("_subtype", "_sub"),
+                Arrays.stream(SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS)).toArray(String[]::new);
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(queryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(queryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, subtypeLabels));
+
+        // Process a response
+        final String serviceName = "service-instance";
+        final String ipV4Address = "192.0.2.0";
+        final MdnsPacket packetWithoutSubtype = createResponse(
+                serviceName, ipV4Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                Collections.emptyMap() /* textAttributes */, TEST_TTL);
+        final MdnsPointerRecord originalPtr = (MdnsPointerRecord) CollectionUtils.findFirst(
+                packetWithoutSubtype.answers, r -> r instanceof MdnsPointerRecord);
+
+        // Add a subtype PTR record
+        final ArrayList<MdnsRecord> newAnswers = new ArrayList<>(packetWithoutSubtype.answers);
+        newAnswers.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(subtypeLabels, originalPtr.getReceiptTime(),
+                originalPtr.getCacheFlush(), originalPtr.getTtl(), originalPtr.getPointer()));
+        final MdnsPacket packetWithSubtype = new MdnsPacket(
+                packetWithoutSubtype.flags,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.questions,
+                newAnswers,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.authorityRecords,
+                packetWithoutSubtype.additionalRecords);
+        processResponse(packetWithSubtype, socketKey);
+
+        // Expect a query with known answers
+        dispatchMessage();
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> knownAnswersQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
+        inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
+                knownAnswersQueryCaptor.capture(), eq(socketKey), eq(false));
+
+        final MdnsPacket knownAnswersQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
+                new MdnsPacketReader(knownAnswersQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertTrue(hasQuestion(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, subtypeLabels));
+        assertTrue(hasAnswer(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
+        assertTrue(hasAnswer(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, subtypeLabels));
+    }
+
     private static MdnsServiceInfo matchServiceName(String name) {
         return argThat(info -> info.getServiceInstanceName().equals(name));
     }
@@ -1683,17 +2083,21 @@
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         if (expectsUnicastResponse) {
             verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                    expectedIPv4Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                    argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv4Packets[index])),
+                    eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             if (multipleSocketDiscovery) {
                 verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                        expectedIPv6Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                        argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv6Packets[index])),
+                        eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             }
         } else {
             verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                    expectedIPv4Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                    argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv4Packets[index])),
+                    eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             if (multipleSocketDiscovery) {
                 verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                        expectedIPv6Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                        argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv6Packets[index])),
+                        eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             }
         }
         verify(mockDeps, times(index + 1))
@@ -1708,6 +2112,11 @@
                 Arrays.stream(SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS)).toArray(String[]::new);
     }
 
+    private static String[] getServiceTypeWithSubtype(String subtype) {
+        return Stream.concat(Stream.of(subtype, "_sub"),
+                Arrays.stream(SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS)).toArray(String[]::new);
+    }
+
     private static boolean hasQuestion(MdnsPacket packet, int type) {
         return hasQuestion(packet, type, null);
     }
@@ -1717,6 +2126,12 @@
                 && (name == null || Arrays.equals(q.name, name)));
     }
 
+    private static boolean hasAnswer(MdnsPacket packet, int type, @NonNull String[] name) {
+        return packet.answers.stream().anyMatch(q -> {
+            return q.getType() == type && (Arrays.equals(q.name, name));
+        });
+    }
+
     // A fake ScheduledExecutorService that keeps tracking the last scheduled Runnable and its delay
     // time.
     private class FakeExecutor extends ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
index 74f1c37..1989ed3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
@@ -26,14 +26,18 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.Manifest.permission;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.MulticastLock;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
@@ -48,7 +52,9 @@
 import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
@@ -56,6 +62,8 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
@@ -71,6 +79,7 @@
 
     @Mock private Context mContext;
     @Mock private WifiManager mockWifiManager;
+    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mockConnectivityManager;
     @Mock private MdnsSocket mockMulticastSocket;
     @Mock private MdnsSocket mockUnicastSocket;
     @Mock private MulticastLock mockMulticastLock;
@@ -78,15 +87,19 @@
     @Mock private SharedLog sharedLog;
 
     private MdnsSocketClient mdnsClient;
+    private MdnsFeatureFlags flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build();
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws RuntimeException, IOException {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
+        doReturn(mockConnectivityManager).when(mContext).getSystemService(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+
         when(mockWifiManager.createMulticastLock(ArgumentMatchers.anyString()))
                 .thenReturn(mockMulticastLock);
 
-        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog) {
+        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog, flags) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
                         if (port == MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT) {
@@ -225,7 +238,7 @@
 
         // Sends a packet.
         DatagramPacket packet = getTestDatagramPacket();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         // mockMulticastSocket.send() will be called on another thread. If we verify it immediately,
         // it may not be called yet. So timeout is added.
@@ -233,7 +246,7 @@
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(0)).send(packet);
 
         // Verify the packet is sent by the unicast socket.
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         verify(mockMulticastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(1)).send(packet);
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(1)).send(packet);
@@ -278,7 +291,7 @@
 
         // Sends a packet.
         DatagramPacket packet = getTestDatagramPacket();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         // mockMulticastSocket.send() will be called on another thread. If we verify it immediately,
         // it may not be called yet. So timeout is added.
@@ -286,7 +299,7 @@
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(0)).send(packet);
 
         // Verify the packet is sent by the multicast socket as well.
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         verify(mockMulticastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(2)).send(packet);
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(0)).send(packet);
@@ -319,19 +332,25 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testStartStop() throws IOException {
-        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
             mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
 
             Thread multicastReceiverThread = mdnsClient.multicastReceiveThread;
             Thread socketThread = mdnsClient.sendThread;
+            final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> cbCaptor =
+                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
 
             assertTrue(multicastReceiverThread.isAlive());
             assertTrue(socketThread.isAlive());
+            verify(mockConnectivityManager, times(i))
+                    .registerNetworkCallback(any(), cbCaptor.capture());
 
             mdnsClient.stopDiscovery();
 
             assertFalse(multicastReceiverThread.isAlive());
             assertFalse(socketThread.isAlive());
+            verify(mockConnectivityManager, times(i))
+                    .unregisterNetworkCallback(cbCaptor.getValue());
         }
     }
 
@@ -339,7 +358,7 @@
     public void testStopDiscovery_queueIsCleared() throws IOException {
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         mdnsClient.stopDiscovery();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(getTestDatagramPacket(),
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(getTestDatagramPacket()),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
 
         synchronized (mdnsClient.multicastPacketQueue) {
@@ -351,7 +370,7 @@
     public void testSendPacket_afterDiscoveryStops() throws IOException {
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         mdnsClient.stopDiscovery();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(getTestDatagramPacket(),
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(getTestDatagramPacket()),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
 
         synchronized (mdnsClient.multicastPacketQueue) {
@@ -365,7 +384,7 @@
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.mdnsPacketQueueMaxSize.override(2L);
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-            mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(getTestDatagramPacket(),
+            mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(getTestDatagramPacket()),
                     false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         }
 
@@ -463,9 +482,9 @@
 
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         DatagramPacket packet = getTestDatagramPacket();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
 
         // Wait for the timer to be triggered.
@@ -496,9 +515,9 @@
         assertFalse(mdnsClient.receivedUnicastResponse);
         assertFalse(mdnsClient.cannotReceiveMulticastResponse.get());
 
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         Thread.sleep(MdnsConfigs.checkMulticastResponseIntervalMs() * 2);
 
@@ -515,7 +534,7 @@
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.allowNetworkInterfaceIndexPropagation.override(true);
 
         when(mockMulticastSocket.getInterfaceIndex()).thenReturn(21);
-        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog) {
+        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog, flags) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) {
                         if (port == MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT) {
@@ -538,7 +557,7 @@
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.allowNetworkInterfaceIndexPropagation.override(false);
 
         when(mockMulticastSocket.getInterfaceIndex()).thenReturn(21);
-        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog) {
+        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog, flags) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) {
                         if (port == MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT) {
@@ -555,6 +574,26 @@
                 .onResponseReceived(any(), argThat(key -> key.getInterfaceIndex() == -1));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testSendPacketWithMultipleDatagramPacket() throws IOException {
+        mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
+        final List<DatagramPacket> packets = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            packets.add(new DatagramPacket(new byte[10 + i] /* buff */, 0 /* offset */,
+                    10 + i /* length */, MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR));
+        }
+
+        // Sends packets.
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packets,
+                false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockMulticastSocket);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            // mockMulticastSocket.send() will be called on another thread. If we verify it
+            // immediately, it may not be called yet. So timeout is added.
+            inOrder.verify(mockMulticastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT)).send(packets.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
     private DatagramPacket getTestDatagramPacket() {
         return new DatagramPacket(buf, 0, 5,
                 new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), 5353 /* port */));
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitorTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitorTest.kt
index c62a081..3e1dab8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitorTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitorTest.kt
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 private val LINKADDRV4 = LinkAddress("192.0.2.0/24")
 private val IFACE_IDX = 32
 
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 internal class SocketNetlinkMonitorTest {
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
         thread.quitSafely()
+        thread.join()
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
index f705bcb..009205e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util
 
 import android.os.Build
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacket
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacketReader
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPointerRecord
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.createQueryDatagramPackets
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.equalsDnsLabelIgnoreDnsCase
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.toDnsLabelsLowerCase
@@ -24,6 +31,8 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.truncateServiceName
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.net.DatagramPacket
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
@@ -43,19 +52,27 @@
         assertEquals("ţést", toDnsLowerCase("ţést"))
         // Unicode characters 0x10000 (𐀀), 0x10001 (𐀁), 0x10041 (𐁁)
         // Note the last 2 bytes of 0x10041 are identical to 'A', but it should remain unchanged.
-        assertEquals("test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
-                toDnsLowerCase("Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- "))
+        assertEquals(
+            "test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
+                toDnsLowerCase("Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ")
+        )
         // Also test some characters where the first surrogate is not \ud800
-        assertEquals("test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
+        assertEquals(
+            "test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
                 "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<",
-                toDnsLowerCase("Test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
-                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"))
+                toDnsLowerCase(
+                    "Test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
+                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"
+                )
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testToDnsLabelsLowerCase() {
-        assertArrayEquals(arrayOf("test", "tÉst", "ţést"),
-            toDnsLabelsLowerCase(arrayOf("TeSt", "TÉST", "ţést")))
+        assertArrayEquals(
+            arrayOf("test", "tÉst", "ţést"),
+            toDnsLabelsLowerCase(arrayOf("TeSt", "TÉST", "ţést"))
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -67,13 +84,17 @@
         assertFalse(equalsIgnoreDnsCase("ŢÉST", "ţést"))
         // Unicode characters 0x10000 (𐀀), 0x10001 (𐀁), 0x10041 (𐁁)
         // Note the last 2 bytes of 0x10041 are identical to 'A', but it should remain unchanged.
-        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase("test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
-                "Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- "))
+        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+            "test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
+                "Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- "
+        ))
         // Also test some characters where the first surrogate is not \ud800
-        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase("test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
+        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+            "test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
                 "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<",
                 "Test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
-                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"))
+                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"
+        ))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -92,14 +113,84 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testTypeEqualsOrIsSubtype() {
-        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-            arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")))
-        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-            arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")))
-        assertFalse(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(arrayOf("_sub", "_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-                arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")))
+        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
+            arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
+            arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
+        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
+            arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
+            arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
+        assertFalse(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
+            arrayOf("_sub", "_type", "_tcp", "local"),
+                arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
         assertFalse(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
                 arrayOf("a", "_other", "_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-                arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")))
+                arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCreateQueryDatagramPackets() {
+        // Question data bytes:
+        // Name label(17)(duplicated labels) + PTR type(2) + cacheFlush(2) = 21
+        //
+        // Known answers data bytes:
+        // Name label(17)(duplicated labels) + PTR type(2) + cacheFlush(2) + receiptTimeMillis(4)
+        // + Data length(2) + Pointer data(18)(duplicated labels) = 45
+        val questions = mutableListOf<MdnsRecord>()
+        val knownAnswers = mutableListOf<MdnsRecord>()
+        for (i in 1..100) {
+            questions.add(MdnsPointerRecord(arrayOf("_testservice$i", "_tcp", "local"), false))
+            knownAnswers.add(MdnsPointerRecord(
+                    arrayOf("_testservice$i", "_tcp", "local"),
+                    0L,
+                    false,
+                    4_500_000L,
+                    arrayOf("MyTestService$i", "_testservice$i", "_tcp", "local")
+            ))
+        }
+        // MdnsPacket data bytes:
+        // Questions(21 * 100) + Answers(45 * 100) = 6600 -> at least 5 packets
+        val query = MdnsPacket(
+                MdnsConstants.FLAGS_QUERY,
+                questions as List<MdnsRecord>,
+                knownAnswers as List<MdnsRecord>,
+                emptyList(),
+                emptyList()
+        )
+        // Expect the oversize MdnsPacket to be separated into 5 DatagramPackets.
+        val bufferSize = 1500
+        val packets = createQueryDatagramPackets(
+                ByteArray(bufferSize),
+                query,
+                MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR
+        )
+        assertEquals(5, packets.size)
+        assertTrue(packets.all { packet -> packet.length < bufferSize })
+
+        val mdnsPacket = createMdnsPacketFromMultipleDatagramPackets(packets)
+        assertEquals(query.flags, mdnsPacket.flags)
+        assertContentEquals(query.questions, mdnsPacket.questions)
+        assertContentEquals(query.answers, mdnsPacket.answers)
+    }
+
+    private fun createMdnsPacketFromMultipleDatagramPackets(
+            packets: List<DatagramPacket>
+    ): MdnsPacket {
+        var flags = 0
+        val questions = mutableListOf<MdnsRecord>()
+        val answers = mutableListOf<MdnsRecord>()
+        for ((index, packet) in packets.withIndex()) {
+            val mdnsPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(MdnsPacketReader(packet))
+            if (index != packets.size - 1) {
+                assertTrue((mdnsPacket.flags and FLAG_TRUNCATED) == FLAG_TRUNCATED)
+            }
+            flags = mdnsPacket.flags
+            questions.addAll(mdnsPacket.questions)
+            answers.addAll(mdnsPacket.answers)
+        }
+        return MdnsPacket(flags, questions, answers, emptyList(), emptyList())
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSActiveNetworkInfoTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSActiveNetworkInfoTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..360a298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSActiveNetworkInfoTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET
+import android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NONE
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.BLOCKED
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED
+import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+
+private fun nc() = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .build()
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+class CSActiveNetworkInfoTest : CSTest() {
+
+    fun doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+            changeEnabled: Boolean,
+            permissions: Int,
+            expectBlocked: Boolean
+    ) {
+        deps.setChangeIdEnabled(changeEnabled, NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION)
+        doReturn(permissions).`when`(bpfNetMaps).getNetPermForUid(anyInt())
+
+        val agent = Agent(nc = nc())
+        agent.connect()
+
+        val networkInfo = cm.activeNetworkInfo
+        assertNotNull(networkInfo)
+        if (expectBlocked) {
+            assertEquals(BLOCKED, networkInfo.detailedState)
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(CONNECTED, networkInfo.detailedState)
+        }
+        assertEquals(expectBlocked, cm.activeNetwork == null)
+        agent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetActiveNetworkInfo() {
+        doReturn(true).`when`(bpfNetMaps).isUidNetworkingBlocked(anyInt(), anyBoolean())
+        doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+                changeEnabled = true,
+                permissions = PERMISSION_NONE,
+                expectBlocked = true
+        )
+        doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+                changeEnabled = false,
+                permissions = PERMISSION_INTERNET,
+                expectBlocked = true
+        )
+        // Network access is considered not blocked if the compat change is disabled and an app
+        // does not have PERMISSION_INTERNET
+        doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+                changeEnabled = false,
+                permissions = PERMISSION_NONE,
+                expectBlocked = false
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBasicMethodsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBasicMethodsTest.kt
index 58f20a9..a5d5297 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBasicMethodsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBasicMethodsTest.kt
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import org.junit.Test
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBlockedReasonsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBlockedReasonsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0590fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBlockedReasonsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager
+import android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NONE
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Process
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.BlockedStatusInt
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+
+private fun cellNc() = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .build()
+private fun cellRequest() = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+        .build()
+private fun wifiNc() = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+        .build()
+private fun wifiRequest() = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        .build()
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+class CSBlockedReasonsTest : CSTest() {
+
+    inner class DetailedBlockedStatusCallback : TestableNetworkCallback() {
+        override fun onBlockedStatusChanged(network: Network, blockedReasons: Int) {
+            history.add(BlockedStatusInt(network, blockedReasons))
+        }
+
+        fun expectBlockedStatusChanged(network: Network, blockedReasons: Int) {
+            expect<BlockedStatusInt>(network) { it.reason == blockedReasons }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasons_onAvailable() {
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc())
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        val cellCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        val wifiCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(cellRequest(), cellCb)
+        cm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest(), wifiCb)
+
+        cellCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                cellAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER
+        )
+        wifiCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE
+        )
+
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCb)
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasons_dataSaverChanged() {
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        doReturn(true).`when`(netd).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(anyBoolean())
+
+        val cellCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        val wifiCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(cellRequest(), cellCb)
+        cm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest(), wifiCb)
+
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc())
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cellCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                cellAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER
+        )
+        wifiCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND
+        )
+
+        // Disable data saver
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setDataSaverEnabled(false)
+        cellCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(cellAgent.network, BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+
+        // waitForIdle since stubbing bpfNetMaps while CS handler thread calls
+        // bpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid throws exception.
+        // The expectBlockedStatusChanged just above guarantees that the onBlockedStatusChanged
+        // method on this callback was called, but it does not guarantee that ConnectivityService
+        // has finished processing all onBlockedStatusChanged callbacks for all requests.
+        waitForIdle()
+        // Enable data saver
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setDataSaverEnabled(true)
+        cellCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                cellAgent.network,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER
+        )
+        // BlockedStatus does not change for the non-metered network
+        wifiCb.assertNoCallback()
+
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCb)
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasons_setUidFirewallRule() {
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+
+        val cellCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        val wifiCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(cellRequest(), cellCb)
+        cm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest(), wifiCb)
+
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc())
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cellCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                cellAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+        )
+        wifiCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE
+        )
+
+        // waitForIdle since stubbing bpfNetMaps while CS handler thread calls
+        // bpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid throws exception.
+        // The expectBlockedStatusChanged just above guarantees that the onBlockedStatusChanged
+        // method on this callback was called, but it does not guarantee that ConnectivityService
+        // has finished processing all onBlockedStatusChanged callbacks for all requests.
+        waitForIdle()
+        // Set RULE_ALLOW on metered deny chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,
+                Process.myUid(),
+                FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW
+        )
+        cellCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                cellAgent.network,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE
+        )
+        // BlockedStatus does not change for the non-metered network
+        wifiCb.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // Set RULE_DENY on metered deny chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,
+                Process.myUid(),
+                FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+        )
+        cellCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                cellAgent.network,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE or BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+        )
+        // BlockedStatus does not change for the non-metered network
+        wifiCb.assertNoCallback()
+
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCb)
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasons_setFirewallChainEnabled() {
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+
+        val wifiCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest(), wifiCb)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc())
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        wifiCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        )
+
+        // Enable dozable firewall chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true)
+        wifiCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE
+        )
+
+        // Disable dozable firewall chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, false)
+        wifiCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        )
+
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasons_replaceFirewallChain() {
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+
+        val wifiCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest(), wifiCb)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc())
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        wifiCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND
+        )
+
+        // Put uid on background firewall chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.replaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, intArrayOf(Process.myUid()))
+        wifiCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        )
+
+        // Remove uid from background firewall chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.replaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, intArrayOf())
+        wifiCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND
+        )
+
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasons_perAppDefaultNetwork() {
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+
+        val cellCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        val wifiCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(cellRequest(), cellCb)
+        cm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest(), wifiCb)
+
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc())
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        val cb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(cb)
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        )
+
+        // CS must send correct blocked reasons after per app default network change
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(context, setOf(Process.myUid()))
+        service.updateMobileDataPreferredUids()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                cellAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+        )
+
+        // Remove per app default network request
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(context, setOf())
+        service.updateMobileDataPreferredUids()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        )
+
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCb)
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestBlockedReasonsNoInternetPermission(blockedByNoInternetPermission: Boolean) {
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_NONE).`when`(bpfNetMaps).getNetPermForUid(Process.myUid())
+
+        val wifiCb = DetailedBlockedStatusCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest(), wifiCb)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc())
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        val expectedBlockedReason = if (blockedByNoInternetPermission) {
+            BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED
+        } else {
+            BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        }
+        wifiCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(
+                wifiAgent.network,
+                validated = false,
+                blockedReason = expectedBlockedReason
+        )
+
+        // Enable background firewall chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
+        if (blockedByNoInternetPermission) {
+            wifiCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                    wifiAgent.network,
+                    BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED or BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND
+            )
+        }
+
+        // Disable background firewall chain
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(Process.myUid())
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+        if (blockedByNoInternetPermission) {
+            wifiCb.expectBlockedStatusChanged(
+                    wifiAgent.network,
+                    BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED
+            )
+        } else {
+            // No callback is expected since blocked reasons does not change from
+            // BLOCKED_REASON_NONE.
+            wifiCb.assertNoCallback()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasonsNoInternetPermission_changeDisabled() {
+        deps.setChangeIdEnabled(false, NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION)
+        doTestBlockedReasonsNoInternetPermission(blockedByNoInternetPermission = false)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlockedReasonsNoInternetPermission_changeEnabled() {
+        deps.setChangeIdEnabled(true, NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION)
+        doTestBlockedReasonsNoInternetPermission(blockedByNoInternetPermission = true)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBpfNetMapsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBpfNetMapsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8155fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBpfNetMapsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2) // Bpf only supports in T+.
+class CSBpfNetMapsTest : CSTest() {
+    @get:Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testCSTrackDataSaverBeforeV() {
+        val inOrder = inOrder(bpfNetMaps)
+        mockDataSaverStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED)
+        inOrder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setDataSaverEnabled(true)
+        mockDataSaverStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED)
+        inOrder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setDataSaverEnabled(false)
+        mockDataSaverStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED)
+        inOrder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setDataSaverEnabled(true)
+    }
+
+    // Data Saver Status is updated from platform code in V+.
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testCSTrackDataSaverAboveU() {
+        listOf(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED, RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED,
+            RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED).forEach {
+            mockDataSaverStatus(it)
+            verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setDataSaverEnabled(anyBoolean())
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun mockDataSaverStatus(status: Int) {
+        doReturn(status).`when`(context.networkPolicyManager).getRestrictBackgroundStatus(anyInt())
+        // While the production code dispatches the intent on the handler thread,
+        // The test would dispatch the intent in the caller thread. Make it dispatch
+        // on the handler thread to match production behavior.
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(csHandler) {
+            context.sendBroadcast(Intent(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED))
+        }
+        waitForIdle()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSCaptivePortalAppTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSCaptivePortalAppTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bad60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSCaptivePortalAppTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
+import android.net.CaptivePortal
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
+import android.net.IpPrefix
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkStack
+import android.net.RouteInfo
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Bundle
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+// This allows keeping all the networks connected without having to file individual requests
+// for them.
+private fun keepScore() = FromS(
+        NetworkScore.Builder().setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST).build()
+)
+
+private fun nc(transport: Int, vararg caps: Int) = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().apply {
+    addTransportType(transport)
+    caps.forEach {
+        addCapability(it)
+    }
+    // Useful capabilities for everybody
+    addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+    addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+    addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+    addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+}.build()
+
+private fun lp(iface: String) = LinkProperties().apply {
+    interfaceName = iface
+    addLinkAddress(LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32))
+    addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, null))
+}
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class CSCaptivePortalAppTest : CSTest() {
+    private val WIFI_IFACE = "wifi0"
+    private val TEST_REDIRECT_URL = "http://example.com/firstPath"
+    private val TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000L
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCaptivePortalApp_Reevaluate_Nopermission() {
+        val captivePortalCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val captivePortalRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback)
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent()
+        wifiAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(TEST_REDIRECT_URL)
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(wifiAgent)
+        val signInIntent = startCaptivePortalApp(wifiAgent)
+        // Remove the granted permissions
+        context.setPermission(
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                PERMISSION_DENIED
+        )
+        context.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED)
+        val captivePortal: CaptivePortal? = signInIntent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
+        captivePortal?.reevaluateNetwork()
+        verify(wifiAgent.networkMonitor, never()).forceReevaluation(anyInt())
+    }
+
+    private fun createWifiAgent(): CSAgentWrapper {
+        return Agent(
+            score = keepScore(),
+            lp = lp(WIFI_IFACE),
+                nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun startCaptivePortalApp(networkAgent: CSAgentWrapper): Intent {
+        val network = networkAgent.network
+        cm.startCaptivePortalApp(network)
+        waitForIdle()
+        verify(networkAgent.networkMonitor).launchCaptivePortalApp()
+
+        val testBundle = Bundle()
+        val testKey = "testkey"
+        val testValue = "testvalue"
+        testBundle.putString(testKey, testValue)
+        context.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED)
+        cm.startCaptivePortalApp(network, testBundle)
+        val signInIntent: Intent = context.expectStartActivityIntent(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        assertEquals(ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN, signInIntent.getAction())
+        assertEquals(testValue, signInIntent.getStringExtra(testKey))
+        return signInIntent
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroySocketTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroySocketTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc5be78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroySocketTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager.UidFrozenStateChangedCallback
+import android.app.ActivityManager.UidFrozenStateChangedCallback.UID_FROZEN_STATE_FROZEN
+import android.app.ActivityManager.UidFrozenStateChangedCallback.UID_FROZEN_STATE_UNFROZEN
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+private const val TIMESTAMP = 1234L
+private const val TEST_UID = 1234
+private const val TEST_UID2 = 5678
+private const val TEST_CELL_IFACE = "test_rmnet"
+
+private fun cellNc() = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .build()
+
+private fun cellLp() = LinkProperties().also{
+    it.interfaceName = TEST_CELL_IFACE
+}
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+class CSDestroySocketTest : CSTest() {
+    private fun getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener(): BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        val captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener::class.java)
+        verify(netd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(captor.capture())
+        return captor.value
+    }
+
+    private fun getUidFrozenStateChangedCallback(): UidFrozenStateChangedCallback {
+        val captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(UidFrozenStateChangedCallback::class.java)
+        verify(activityManager).registerUidFrozenStateChangedCallback(any(), captor.capture())
+        return captor.value
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestBackgroundRestrictionDestroySockets(
+            restrictionWithIdleNetwork: Boolean,
+            expectDelay: Boolean
+    ) {
+        val netdEventListener = getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener()
+        val inOrder = inOrder(destroySocketsWrapper)
+
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc(), lp = cellLp())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        if (restrictionWithIdleNetwork) {
+            // Make cell default network idle
+            netdEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(
+                    false, // isActive
+                    cellAgent.network.netId,
+                    TIMESTAMP,
+                    TEST_UID
+            )
+        }
+
+        // Set deny rule on background chain for TEST_UID
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID)
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND,
+                TEST_UID,
+                FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+        )
+        waitForIdle()
+        if (expectDelay) {
+            inOrder.verify(destroySocketsWrapper, never())
+                    .destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(destroySocketsWrapper)
+                    .destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+        }
+
+        netdEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(
+                true, // isActive
+                cellAgent.network.netId,
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                TEST_UID
+        )
+        waitForIdle()
+        if (expectDelay) {
+            inOrder.verify(destroySocketsWrapper)
+                    .destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(destroySocketsWrapper, never())
+                    .destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+        }
+
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS, true)])
+    fun testBackgroundAppDestroySockets() {
+        doTestBackgroundRestrictionDestroySockets(
+                restrictionWithIdleNetwork = true,
+                expectDelay = true
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS, true)])
+    fun testBackgroundAppDestroySockets_activeNetwork() {
+        doTestBackgroundRestrictionDestroySockets(
+                restrictionWithIdleNetwork = false,
+                expectDelay = false
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS, false)])
+    fun testBackgroundAppDestroySockets_featureIsDisabled() {
+        doTestBackgroundRestrictionDestroySockets(
+                restrictionWithIdleNetwork = true,
+                expectDelay = false
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReplaceFirewallChain() {
+        val netdEventListener = getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener()
+        val inOrder = inOrder(destroySocketsWrapper)
+
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc(), lp = cellLp())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        // Make cell default network idle
+        netdEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(
+                false, // isActive
+                cellAgent.network.netId,
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                TEST_UID
+        )
+
+        // Set allow rule on background chain for TEST_UID
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID)
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND,
+                TEST_UID,
+                FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW
+        )
+        // Set deny rule on background chain for TEST_UID
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID2)
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND,
+                TEST_UID2,
+                FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+        )
+
+        // Put only TEST_UID2 on background chain (deny TEST_UID and allow TEST_UID2)
+        doReturn(setOf(TEST_UID))
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidsWithAllowRuleOnAllowListChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND)
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID)
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID2)
+        cm.replaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, intArrayOf(TEST_UID2))
+        waitForIdle()
+        inOrder.verify(destroySocketsWrapper, never())
+                .destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+
+        netdEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(
+                true, // isActive
+                cellAgent.network.netId,
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                TEST_UID
+        )
+        waitForIdle()
+        inOrder.verify(destroySocketsWrapper)
+                .destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestDestroySockets(
+            isFrozen: Boolean,
+            denyOnBackgroundChain: Boolean,
+            enableBackgroundChain: Boolean,
+            expectDestroySockets: Boolean
+    ) {
+        val netdEventListener = getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener()
+        val frozenStateCallback = getUidFrozenStateChangedCallback()
+
+        // Make cell default network idle
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc(), lp = cellLp())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        netdEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(
+                false, // isActive
+                cellAgent.network.netId,
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                TEST_UID
+        )
+
+        // Set deny rule on background chain for TEST_UID
+        doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND)
+                .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID)
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND,
+                TEST_UID,
+                FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+        )
+
+        // Freeze TEST_UID
+        frozenStateCallback.onUidFrozenStateChanged(
+                intArrayOf(TEST_UID),
+                intArrayOf(UID_FROZEN_STATE_FROZEN)
+        )
+
+        if (!isFrozen) {
+            // Unfreeze TEST_UID
+            frozenStateCallback.onUidFrozenStateChanged(
+                    intArrayOf(TEST_UID),
+                    intArrayOf(UID_FROZEN_STATE_UNFROZEN)
+            )
+        }
+        if (!enableBackgroundChain) {
+            // Disable background chain
+            cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+        }
+        if (!denyOnBackgroundChain) {
+            // Set allow rule on background chain for TEST_UID
+            doReturn(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE)
+                    .`when`(bpfNetMaps).getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID)
+            cm.setUidFirewallRule(
+                    FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND,
+                    TEST_UID,
+                    FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW
+            )
+        }
+        verify(destroySocketsWrapper, never()).destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+
+        // Make cell network active
+        netdEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(
+                true, // isActive
+                cellAgent.network.netId,
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                TEST_UID
+        )
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        if (expectDestroySockets) {
+            verify(destroySocketsWrapper).destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+        } else {
+            verify(destroySocketsWrapper, never()).destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(setOf(TEST_UID))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDestroySockets_backgroundDeny_frozen() {
+        doTestDestroySockets(
+                isFrozen = true,
+                denyOnBackgroundChain = true,
+                enableBackgroundChain = true,
+                expectDestroySockets = true
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDestroySockets_backgroundDeny_nonFrozen() {
+        doTestDestroySockets(
+                isFrozen = false,
+                denyOnBackgroundChain = true,
+                enableBackgroundChain = true,
+                expectDestroySockets = true
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDestroySockets_backgroundAllow_frozen() {
+        doTestDestroySockets(
+                isFrozen = true,
+                denyOnBackgroundChain = false,
+                enableBackgroundChain = true,
+                expectDestroySockets = true
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDestroySockets_backgroundAllow_nonFrozen() {
+        // If the app is neither frozen nor under background restriction, sockets are not
+        // destroyed
+        doTestDestroySockets(
+                isFrozen = false,
+                denyOnBackgroundChain = false,
+                enableBackgroundChain = true,
+                expectDestroySockets = false
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDestroySockets_backgroundChainDisabled_nonFrozen() {
+        // If the app is neither frozen nor under background restriction, sockets are not
+        // destroyed
+        doTestDestroySockets(
+                isFrozen = false,
+                denyOnBackgroundChain = true,
+                enableBackgroundChain = false,
+                expectDestroySockets = false
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt
index 572c7bb..5c29e3a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 private const val LONG_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000
 
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSFirewallChainTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSFirewallChainTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83ccccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSFirewallChainTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+class CSFirewallChainTest : CSTest() {
+    @get:Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    // Tests for setFirewallChainEnabled on FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, false)])
+    fun setFirewallChainEnabled_backgroundChainDisabled() {
+        verifySetFirewallChainEnabledOnBackgroundDoesNothing()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, true)])
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun setFirewallChainEnabled_backgroundChainEnabled_afterU() {
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
+
+        clearInvocations(bpfNetMaps)
+
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, true)])
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun setFirewallChainEnabled_backgroundChainEnabled_uptoU() {
+        verifySetFirewallChainEnabledOnBackgroundDoesNothing()
+    }
+
+    private fun verifySetFirewallChainEnabledOnBackgroundDoesNothing() {
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setChildChain(anyInt(), anyBoolean())
+
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setChildChain(anyInt(), anyBoolean())
+    }
+
+    // Tests for replaceFirewallChain on FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, false)])
+    fun replaceFirewallChain_backgroundChainDisabled() {
+        verifyReplaceFirewallChainOnBackgroundDoesNothing()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, true)])
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun replaceFirewallChain_backgroundChainEnabled_afterU() {
+        val uids = intArrayOf(53, 42, 79)
+        cm.replaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).replaceUidChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, true)])
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun replaceFirewallChain_backgroundChainEnabled_uptoU() {
+        verifyReplaceFirewallChainOnBackgroundDoesNothing()
+    }
+
+    private fun verifyReplaceFirewallChainOnBackgroundDoesNothing() {
+        val uids = intArrayOf(53, 42, 79)
+        cm.replaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).replaceUidChain(anyInt(), any(IntArray::class.java))
+    }
+
+    // Tests for setUidFirewallRule on FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, false)])
+    fun setUidFirewallRule_backgroundChainDisabled() {
+        verifySetUidFirewallRuleOnBackgroundDoesNothing()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, true)])
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun setUidFirewallRule_backgroundChainEnabled_afterU() {
+        val uid = 2345
+
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+
+        clearInvocations(bpfNetMaps)
+
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+
+        clearInvocations(bpfNetMaps)
+
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, true)])
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun setUidFirewallRule_backgroundChainEnabled_uptoU() {
+        verifySetUidFirewallRuleOnBackgroundDoesNothing()
+    }
+
+    private fun verifySetUidFirewallRuleOnBackgroundDoesNothing() {
+        val uid = 2345
+
+        listOf(FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY).forEach { rule ->
+            cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, rule)
+            verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setUidRule(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt())
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetFirewallChainEnabled_meteredChain() {
+        (METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS + METERED_DENY_CHAINS).forEach {
+            assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException::class.java) {
+                cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(it, true)
+            }
+            assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException::class.java) {
+                cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(it, false)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSIngressDiscardRuleTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSIngressDiscardRuleTests.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93f6e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSIngressDiscardRuleTests.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE
+import android.net.VpnTransportInfo
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.InOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+private const val VPN_IFNAME = "tun10041"
+private const val VPN_IFNAME2 = "tun10042"
+private const val WIFI_IFNAME = "wlan0"
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 1_000L
+private const val LONG_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000
+
+private fun vpnNc() = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+        .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .setTransportInfo(
+                VpnTransportInfo(
+                        TYPE_VPN_SERVICE,
+                        "MySession12345",
+                        false /* bypassable */,
+                        false /* longLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */
+                )
+        )
+        .build()
+
+private fun wifiNc() = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .build()
+
+private fun nr(transport: Int) = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        .clearCapabilities()
+        .addTransportType(transport).apply {
+            if (transport != TRANSPORT_VPN) {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+            }
+        }.build()
+
+private fun lp(iface: String, vararg linkAddresses: LinkAddress) = LinkProperties().apply {
+    interfaceName = iface
+    for (linkAddress in linkAddresses) {
+        addLinkAddress(linkAddress)
+    }
+}
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+class CSIngressDiscardRuleTests : CSTest() {
+    private val IPV6_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::1")
+    private val IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS = LinkAddress(IPV6_ADDRESS, 64)
+    private val IPV6_ADDRESS2 = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::2")
+    private val IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS2 = LinkAddress(IPV6_ADDRESS2, 64)
+    private val IPV6_ADDRESS3 = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::3")
+    private val IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS3 = LinkAddress(IPV6_ADDRESS3, 64)
+    private val LOCAL_IPV6_ADDRRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("fe80::1234")
+    private val LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS = LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV6_ADDRRESS, 64)
+
+    fun verifyNoMoreIngressDiscardRuleChange(inorder: InOrder) {
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setIngressDiscardRule(any(), any())
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).removeIngressDiscardRule(any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testVpnIngressDiscardRule_UpdateVpnAddress() {
+        // non-VPN network whose address will be not duplicated with VPN address
+        val wifiNc = wifiNc()
+        val wifiLp = lp(WIFI_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS3)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        val nr = nr(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(nr, cb)
+        val nc = vpnNc()
+        val lp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val agent = Agent(nc = nc, lp = lp)
+        agent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent.network, validated = false)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is added to the VPN address
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setIngressDiscardRule(LOCAL_IPV6_ADDRRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+
+        // The VPN address is changed
+        val newLp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS2, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        agent.sendLinkProperties(newLp)
+        cb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(agent.network)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is removed from the old VPN address and added to the new VPN address
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS2, VPN_IFNAME)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setIngressDiscardRule(LOCAL_IPV6_ADDRRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+
+        agent.disconnect()
+        verify(bpfNetMaps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS2)
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testVpnIngressDiscardRule_UpdateInterfaceName() {
+        val inorder = inOrder(bpfNetMaps)
+
+        val nr = nr(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(nr, cb)
+        val nc = vpnNc()
+        val lp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val agent = Agent(nc = nc, lp = lp)
+        agent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent.network, validated = false)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is added to the VPN address
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+        verifyNoMoreIngressDiscardRuleChange(inorder)
+
+        // The VPN interface name is changed
+        val newlp = lp(VPN_IFNAME2, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        agent.sendLinkProperties(newlp)
+        cb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(agent.network)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is updated with the new interface name
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS, VPN_IFNAME2)
+        verifyNoMoreIngressDiscardRuleChange(inorder)
+
+        agent.disconnect()
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS)
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testVpnIngressDiscardRule_DuplicatedIpAddress_UpdateVpnAddress() {
+        val inorder = inOrder(bpfNetMaps)
+
+        val wifiNc = wifiNc()
+        val wifiLp = lp(WIFI_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is not added to non-VPN interfaces
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setIngressDiscardRule(any(), any())
+
+        val nr = nr(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(nr, cb)
+        val vpnNc = vpnNc()
+        val vpnLp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val vpnAgent = Agent(nc = vpnNc, lp = vpnLp)
+        vpnAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(vpnAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is not added since the VPN address is duplicated with the Wi-Fi
+        // address
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setIngressDiscardRule(any(), any())
+
+        // The VPN address is changed to a different address from the Wi-Fi interface
+        val newVpnlp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS2, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        vpnAgent.sendLinkProperties(newVpnlp)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is added to the VPN address since the VPN address is not duplicated
+        // with the Wi-Fi address
+        cb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(vpnAgent.network)
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS2, VPN_IFNAME)
+
+        // The VPN address is changed back to the same address as the Wi-Fi interface
+        vpnAgent.sendLinkProperties(vpnLp)
+        cb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(vpnAgent.network)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule for IPV6_ADDRESS2 is removed but IngressDiscardRule for
+        // IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS is not added since Wi-Fi also uses IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS2)
+        verifyNoMoreIngressDiscardRuleChange(inorder)
+
+        vpnAgent.disconnect()
+        verifyNoMoreIngressDiscardRuleChange(inorder)
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testVpnIngressDiscardRule_DuplicatedIpAddress_UpdateNonVpnAddress() {
+        val inorder = inOrder(bpfNetMaps)
+
+        val vpnNc = vpnNc()
+        val vpnLp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val vpnAgent = Agent(nc = vpnNc, lp = vpnLp)
+        vpnAgent.connect()
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is added to the VPN address
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+        verifyNoMoreIngressDiscardRuleChange(inorder)
+
+        val nr = nr(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(nr, cb)
+        val wifiNc = wifiNc()
+        val wifiLp = lp(WIFI_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(wifiAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is removed since the VPN address is duplicated with the Wi-Fi address
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS)
+
+        // The Wi-Fi address is changed to a different address from the VPN interface
+        val newWifilp = lp(WIFI_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS2, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        wifiAgent.sendLinkProperties(newWifilp)
+        cb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(wifiAgent.network)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is added to the VPN address since the VPN address is not duplicated
+        // with the Wi-Fi address
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+        verifyNoMoreIngressDiscardRuleChange(inorder)
+
+        // The Wi-Fi address is changed back to the same address as the VPN interface
+        wifiAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp)
+        cb.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(wifiAgent.network)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is removed since the VPN address is duplicated with the Wi-Fi address
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is added to the VPN address since Wi-Fi is disconnected
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+
+        vpnAgent.disconnect()
+        inorder.verify(bpfNetMaps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS)
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testVpnIngressDiscardRule_UnregisterAfterReplacement() {
+        val wifiNc = wifiNc()
+        val wifiLp = lp(WIFI_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        wifiAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(LONG_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        val vpnNc = vpnNc()
+        val vpnLp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val vpnAgent = Agent(nc = vpnNc, lp = vpnLp)
+        vpnAgent.connect()
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is added since the Wi-Fi network is destroyed
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS, VPN_IFNAME)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule is removed since the VPN network is destroyed
+        vpnAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(LONG_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        waitForIdle()
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).removeIngressDiscardRule(IPV6_ADDRESS)
+    }
+
+    @Test @FeatureFlags([Flag(ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING, false)])
+    fun testVpnIngressDiscardRule_FeatureDisabled() {
+        val nr = nr(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(nr, cb)
+        val nc = vpnNc()
+        val lp = lp(VPN_IFNAME, IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS, LOCAL_IPV6_LINK_ADDRRESS)
+        val agent = Agent(nc = nc, lp = lp)
+        agent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent.network, validated = false)
+
+        // IngressDiscardRule should not be added since feature is disabled
+        verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setIngressDiscardRule(any(), any())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSKeepConnectedTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSKeepConnectedTest.kt
index 2126a09..94c68c0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSKeepConnectedTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSKeepConnectedTest.kt
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.NetworkScore
-import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
@@ -47,8 +48,9 @@
         val keepConnectedAgent = Agent(nc = nc, score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder()
                 .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                 .build()),
-                lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build())
-        val dontKeepConnectedAgent = Agent(nc = nc, lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build())
+                lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()))
+        val dontKeepConnectedAgent = Agent(nc = nc,
+                lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()))
         doTestKeepConnected(keepConnectedAgent, dontKeepConnectedAgent)
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt
index cfc3a3d..cb98454 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -41,7 +42,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
 import org.mockito.Mockito.never
 import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000L
 private const val NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
@@ -49,8 +49,9 @@
 private fun keepConnectedScore() =
         FromS(NetworkScore.Builder().setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST).build())
 
-private fun defaultLnc() = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()
+private fun defaultLnc() = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build())
 
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
@@ -124,8 +125,7 @@
                     lnc = null)
         }
         assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
-            Agent(nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build(),
-                    lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build())
+            Agent(nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build(), lnc = defaultLnc())
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
index 235f7de..83fff87 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 import android.net.LinkAddress
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
@@ -29,26 +31,32 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.NetworkScore
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.net.RouteInfo
+import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.os.Build
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LocalInfoChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
 import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
 import org.mockito.Mockito.never
 import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions
 
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
 private const val MEDIUM_TIMEOUT_MS = 1_000L
@@ -78,9 +86,28 @@
         NetworkScore.Builder().setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST).build()
 )
 
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class CSLocalAgentTests : CSTest() {
+    val multicastRoutingConfigMinScope =
+                MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, 4)
+                .build()
+    val multicastRoutingConfigSelected =
+                MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+                .build()
+    val upstreamSelectorAny = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                .build()
+    val upstreamSelectorWifi = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build()
+    val upstreamSelectorCell = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .build()
+
     @Test
     fun testBadAgents() {
         deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
@@ -93,7 +120,7 @@
         }
         assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
             Agent(nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build(),
-                    lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build())
+                    lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()))
         }
     }
 
@@ -109,7 +136,7 @@
         val agent = Agent(nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                 .build(),
-                lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build())
+                lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()))
         agent.connect()
         cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent.network, validated = false)
         agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build())
@@ -140,7 +167,7 @@
         val localAgent = Agent(
                 nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
                 lp = lp("local0"),
-                lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build(),
+                lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()),
         )
         localAgent.connect()
 
@@ -153,6 +180,7 @@
         val newLnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
                 .setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
                         .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                        .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build())
                 .build()
         localAgent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(newLnc)
@@ -175,6 +203,271 @@
         localAgent.disconnect()
     }
 
+    private fun createLocalAgent(name: String, localNetworkConfig: FromS<LocalNetworkConfig>):
+                CSAgentWrapper {
+        val localAgent = Agent(
+                nc = nc(TRANSPORT_THREAD, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
+                lp = lp(name),
+                lnc = localNetworkConfig,
+                score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder()
+                        .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build())
+        )
+        return localAgent
+    }
+
+    private fun createWifiAgent(name: String): CSAgentWrapper {
+        return Agent(score = keepScore(), lp = lp(name),
+                nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET))
+    }
+
+    private fun createCellAgent(name: String): CSAgentWrapper {
+        return Agent(score = keepScore(), lp = lp(name),
+                nc = nc(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET))
+    }
+
+    private fun sendLocalNetworkConfig(
+            localAgent: CSAgentWrapper,
+            upstreamSelector: NetworkRequest?,
+            upstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig,
+            downstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig
+    ) {
+        val newLnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelector)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(upstreamConfig)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(downstreamConfig)
+                .build()
+        localAgent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(newLnc)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        localAgent.connect()
+
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(wifiAgent.network, validated = false)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_2LocalNetworks() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent0 = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        localAgent0.connect()
+
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        val localAgent1 = createLocalAgent("local1", lnc)
+        localAgent1.connect()
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local1", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local1", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        localAgent0.disconnect()
+        localAgent1.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_UpstreamNetworkCellToWifi() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorAny)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        val cellAgent = createCellAgent("cell0")
+
+        localAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == cellAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "cell0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "cell0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        // upstream should have been switched to wifi
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "cell0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("cell0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_UpstreamSelectorCellToWifi() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorCell)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        val cellAgent = createCellAgent("cell0")
+
+        localAgent.connect()
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == cellAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "cell0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "cell0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        sendLocalNetworkConfig(localAgent, upstreamSelectorWifi, multicastRoutingConfigMinScope,
+                multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        // upstream should have been switched to wifi
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "cell0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("cell0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_UpstreamSelectorWifiToNull() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        localAgent.connect()
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        sendLocalNetworkConfig(localAgent, null, multicastRoutingConfigMinScope,
+                multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == null
+        }
+
+        // upstream should have been switched to null
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never()).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                eq("local0"), any(), eq(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope))
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never()).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                any(), eq("local0"), eq(multicastRoutingConfigSelected))
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testUnregisterUpstreamAfterReplacement_SameIfaceName() {
         doTestUnregisterUpstreamAfterReplacement(true)
@@ -193,11 +486,11 @@
         // Set up a local agent that should forward its traffic to the best wifi upstream.
         val localAgent = Agent(nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
                 lp = lp("local0"),
-                lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
-                .setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                        .build())
-                .build(),
+                lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                        .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                        .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                        .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                        .build()),
                 score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder()
                         .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build())
@@ -216,10 +509,15 @@
         }
 
         clearInvocations(netd)
-        val inOrder = inOrder(netd)
+        clearInvocations(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(netd, multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
         wifiAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(LONG_TIMEOUT_MS)
         waitForIdle()
         inOrder.verify(netd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward("local0", "wifi0")
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
         inOrder.verify(netd).networkDestroy(wifiAgent.network.netId)
 
         val wifiIface2 = if (sameIfaceName) "wifi0" else "wifi1"
@@ -232,9 +530,16 @@
         cb.expect<Lost> { it.network == wifiAgent.network }
 
         inOrder.verify(netd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward("local0", wifiIface2)
-        if (sameIfaceName) {
-            inOrder.verify(netd, never()).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(any(), any())
-        }
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", wifiIface2, multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                wifiIface2, "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        inOrder.verify(netd, never()).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(any(), any())
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never())
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never())
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -246,11 +551,12 @@
         // Set up a local agent that should forward its traffic to the best wifi upstream.
         val localAgent = Agent(nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
                 lp = lp("local0"),
-                lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
                         .setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
                                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                                 .build())
-                        .build(),
+                        .build()),
                 score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder()
                         .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build())
@@ -292,11 +598,12 @@
         cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build(), cb)
 
         val localNc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
-        val lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
                 .setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
                         .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                        .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build())
-                .build()
+                .build())
         val localScore = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder().build())
 
         // Set up a local agent that should forward its traffic to the best wifi upstream.
@@ -345,11 +652,12 @@
         wifiAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(LONG_TIMEOUT_MS)
         val localAgent = Agent(nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
                 lp = lp("local0"),
-                lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
                         .setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
                                 .build())
-                        .build(),
+                        .build()),
                 score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder()
                         .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build())
@@ -373,11 +681,12 @@
     fun testForwardingRules() {
         deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
         // Set up a local agent that should forward its traffic to the best DUN upstream.
-        val lnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
                 .setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
                         .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)
+                        .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build())
-                .build()
+                .build())
         val localAgent = Agent(nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
                 lp = lp("local0"),
                 lnc = lnc,
@@ -425,7 +734,7 @@
 
         // Make sure sending the same config again doesn't do anything
         repeat(5) {
-            localAgent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(lnc)
+            localAgent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(lnc.value)
         }
         inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions()
 
@@ -472,4 +781,111 @@
         cb.expect<Lost>(localAgent.network)
         cb.assertNoCallback()
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLocalNetworkUnwanted_withUpstream() {
+        doTestLocalNetworkUnwanted(true)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLocalNetworkUnwanted_withoutUpstream() {
+        doTestLocalNetworkUnwanted(false)
+    }
+
+    fun doTestLocalNetworkUnwanted(haveUpstream: Boolean) {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+
+        val nr = NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK).build()
+        val requestCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(nr, requestCb)
+        val listenCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(nr, listenCb)
+
+        val upstream = if (haveUpstream) {
+            Agent(score = keepScore(), lp = lp("wifi0"),
+                    nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI)).also { it.connect() }
+        } else {
+            null
+        }
+
+        // Set up a local agent.
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().apply {
+            if (haveUpstream) {
+                setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                        .build())
+            }
+        }.build())
+        val localAgent = Agent(nc = nc(TRANSPORT_THREAD, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
+                lp = lp("local0"),
+                lnc = lnc,
+                score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder().build())
+        )
+        localAgent.connect()
+
+        requestCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network,
+                validated = false, upstream = upstream?.network)
+        listenCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network,
+                validated = false, upstream = upstream?.network)
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(requestCb)
+
+        listenCb.expect<Lost>()
+    }
+
+    fun doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+            request: NetworkRequest,
+            enableMatchLocalNetwork: Boolean,
+            expectCallback: Boolean
+    ) {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        deps.setChangeIdEnabled(enableMatchLocalNetwork, ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+
+        val requestCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val listenCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(request, requestCb)
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, listenCb)
+
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()))
+        localAgent.connect()
+
+        if (expectCallback) {
+            requestCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+            listenCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+        } else {
+            waitForIdle()
+            requestCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0)
+            listenCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0)
+        }
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLocalNetworkRequest() {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().build()
+        // If ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK is false, request is not satisfied by local network
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = false,
+                expectCallback = false)
+        // If ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK is true, request is satisfied by local network
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = true,
+                expectCallback = true)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLocalNetworkRequest_withCapability() {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK).build()
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = false,
+                expectCallback = true)
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = true,
+                expectCallback = true)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkActivityTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkActivityTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df0a2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkActivityTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_DEVICE_TYPE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_IS_ACTIVE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_REALTIME_NS
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.ConditionVariable
+import android.telephony.DataConnectionRealTimeInfo.DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH
+import android.telephony.DataConnectionRealTimeInfo.DC_POWER_STATE_LOW
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener
+import com.android.server.CSTest.CSContext
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.anyLong
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+private const val DATA_CELL_IFNAME = "rmnet_data"
+private const val IMS_CELL_IFNAME = "rmnet_ims"
+private const val WIFI_IFNAME = "wlan0"
+private const val TIMESTAMP = 1234L
+private const val NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID = -1
+private const val PACKAGE_UID = 123
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 250L
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+class CSNetworkActivityTest : CSTest() {
+
+    private fun getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener(): BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        val captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener::class.java)
+        verify(netd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(captor.capture())
+        return captor.value
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testInterfaceClassActivityChanged_NonDefaultNetwork() {
+        val netdUnsolicitedEventListener = getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener()
+        val batteryStatsInorder = inOrder(batteryStats)
+
+        val cellNr = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build()
+        val cellCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        // Request cell network to keep cell network up
+        cm.requestNetwork(cellNr, cellCb)
+
+        val defaultCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCb)
+
+        val cellNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .build()
+        val cellLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = DATA_CELL_IFNAME
+        }
+        // Connect Cellular network
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc, lp = cellLp)
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        defaultCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(cellAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        val wifiNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .build()
+        val wifiLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = WIFI_IFNAME
+        }
+        // Connect Wi-Fi network, Wi-Fi network should be the default network.
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        defaultCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(wifiAgent.network, validated = false)
+        batteryStatsInorder.verify(batteryStats).noteWifiRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH),
+                anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID))
+
+        val onNetworkActiveCv = ConditionVariable()
+        val listener = ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener { onNetworkActiveCv::open }
+        cm.addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener)
+
+        // Cellular network (non default network) goes to inactive state.
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
+                cellAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID)
+        // Non-default network activity change does not change default network activity
+        // But cellular radio power state is updated
+        assertFalse(onNetworkActiveCv.block(TIMEOUT_MS))
+        context.expectNoDataActivityBroadcast(0 /* timeoutMs */)
+        assertTrue(cm.isDefaultNetworkActive)
+        batteryStatsInorder.verify(batteryStats).noteMobileRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_LOW),
+                anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID))
+
+        // Cellular network (non default network) goes to active state.
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(true /* isActive */,
+                cellAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, PACKAGE_UID)
+        // Non-default network activity change does not change default network activity
+        // But cellular radio power state is updated
+        assertFalse(onNetworkActiveCv.block(TIMEOUT_MS))
+        context.expectNoDataActivityBroadcast(0 /* timeoutMs */)
+        assertTrue(cm.isDefaultNetworkActive)
+        batteryStatsInorder.verify(batteryStats).noteMobileRadioPowerState(eq(DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH),
+                anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(PACKAGE_UID))
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCb)
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCb)
+        cm.removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDataActivityTracking_MultiCellNetwork() {
+        val netdUnsolicitedEventListener = getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener()
+        val batteryStatsInorder = inOrder(batteryStats)
+
+        val dataNetworkNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                .build()
+        val dataNetworkNr = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build()
+        val dataNetworkLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = DATA_CELL_IFNAME
+        }
+        val dataNetworkCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(dataNetworkNr, dataNetworkCb)
+        val dataNetworkAgent = Agent(nc = dataNetworkNc, lp = dataNetworkLp)
+        val dataNetworkNetId = dataNetworkAgent.network.netId.toString()
+
+        val imsNetworkNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_IMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                .build()
+        val imsNetworkNr = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_IMS)
+                .build()
+        val imsNetworkLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = IMS_CELL_IFNAME
+        }
+        val imsNetworkCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(imsNetworkNr, imsNetworkCb)
+        val imsNetworkAgent = Agent(nc = imsNetworkNc, lp = imsNetworkLp)
+        val imsNetworkNetId = imsNetworkAgent.network.netId.toString()
+
+        dataNetworkAgent.connect()
+        dataNetworkCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(dataNetworkAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        imsNetworkAgent.connect()
+        imsNetworkCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(imsNetworkAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        // Both cell networks have idleTimers
+        verify(netd).idletimerAddInterface(eq(DATA_CELL_IFNAME), anyInt(), eq(dataNetworkNetId))
+        verify(netd).idletimerAddInterface(eq(IMS_CELL_IFNAME), anyInt(), eq(imsNetworkNetId))
+        verify(netd, never()).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(DATA_CELL_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(dataNetworkNetId))
+        verify(netd, never()).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(IMS_CELL_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(imsNetworkNetId))
+
+        // Both cell networks go to inactive state
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
+                imsNetworkAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID)
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
+                dataNetworkAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID)
+
+        // Data cell network goes to active state. This should update the cellular radio power state
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(true /* isActive */,
+                dataNetworkAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, PACKAGE_UID)
+        batteryStatsInorder.verify(batteryStats, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).noteMobileRadioPowerState(
+                eq(DC_POWER_STATE_HIGH), anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(PACKAGE_UID))
+        // Ims cell network goes to active state. But this should not update the cellular radio
+        // power state since cellular radio power state is already high
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(true /* isActive */,
+                imsNetworkAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, PACKAGE_UID)
+        waitForIdle()
+        batteryStatsInorder.verify(batteryStats, never()).noteMobileRadioPowerState(anyInt(),
+                anyLong() /* timestampNs */, anyInt())
+
+        // Data cell network goes to inactive state. But this should not update the cellular radio
+        // power state ims cell network is still active state
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
+                dataNetworkAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID)
+        waitForIdle()
+        batteryStatsInorder.verify(batteryStats, never()).noteMobileRadioPowerState(anyInt(),
+                anyLong() /* timestampNs */, anyInt())
+
+        // Ims cell network goes to inactive state.
+        // This should update the cellular radio power state
+        netdUnsolicitedEventListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false /* isActive */,
+                imsNetworkAgent.network.netId, TIMESTAMP, NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID)
+        batteryStatsInorder.verify(batteryStats, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).noteMobileRadioPowerState(
+                eq(DC_POWER_STATE_LOW), anyLong() /* timestampNs */, eq(NETWORK_ACTIVITY_NO_UID))
+
+        dataNetworkAgent.disconnect()
+        dataNetworkCb.expect<Lost>(dataNetworkAgent.network)
+        verify(netd).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(DATA_CELL_IFNAME), anyInt(), eq(dataNetworkNetId))
+
+        imsNetworkAgent.disconnect()
+        imsNetworkCb.expect<Lost>(imsNetworkAgent.network)
+        verify(netd).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(IMS_CELL_IFNAME), anyInt(), eq(imsNetworkNetId))
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(dataNetworkCb)
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(imsNetworkCb)
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun CSContext.expectDataActivityBroadcast(
+        deviceType: Int,
+        isActive: Boolean,
+        tsNanos: Long
+) {
+    assertNotNull(orderedBroadcastAsUserHistory.poll(BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        intent -> intent.action.equals(ACTION_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE) &&
+            intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_TYPE, -1) == deviceType &&
+            intent.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_IS_ACTIVE, !isActive) == isActive &&
+            intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_REALTIME_NS, -1) == tsNanos
+    })
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35f8ae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Process
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.argThat
+import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests : CSTest() {
+    private val CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NC = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+            .build().setRequestorUidAndPackageName(Process.myUid(), context.getPackageName())
+
+    private val CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+            .setCapabilities(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NC).build()
+
+    @Before
+    fun setup() {
+        waitForIdle()
+        clearInvocations(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRequestTypeNRProduceMetrics() {
+        cm.requestNetwork(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR, TestableNetworkCallback())
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        verify(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics).onNetworkRequestReceived(
+                argThat{req -> req.networkCapabilities.equals(
+                        CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR.networkCapabilities)})
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testListenTypeNRProduceNoMetrics() {
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR, TestableNetworkCallback())
+        waitForIdle()
+        verify(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics, never()).onNetworkRequestReceived(any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveRequestTypeNRProduceMetrics() {
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR, cb)
+
+        waitForIdle()
+        clearInvocations(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics)
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        waitForIdle()
+        verify(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics).onNetworkRequestRemoved(
+                argThat{req -> req.networkCapabilities.equals(
+                        CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR.networkCapabilities)})
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkFallbackTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkFallbackTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9024641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkFallbackTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix
+import android.net.INetd
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NativeNetworkConfig
+import android.net.NativeNetworkType
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST
+import android.net.RouteInfo
+import android.net.UidRange
+import android.net.UidRangeParcel
+import android.net.VpnManager
+import android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.UserHandle
+import android.util.ArraySet
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+private const val SECONDARY_USER = 10
+private val SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE = UserHandle(SECONDARY_USER)
+private const val TEST_PACKAGE_UID = 123
+private const val TEST_PACKAGE_UID2 = 321
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+class CSSatelliteNetworkPreferredTest : CSTest() {
+    /**
+     * Test createMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids returns correct
+     * NetworkRequestInfo.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun testCreateMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids() {
+        // Verify that empty uid set should not create any NRI for it.
+        val nrisNoUid = service.createMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(emptySet())
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, nrisNoUid.size.toLong())
+        val uid1 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)
+        val uid2 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2)
+        val uid3 = SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)
+        assertCreateMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(mutableSetOf(uid1))
+        assertCreateMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(mutableSetOf(uid1, uid3))
+        assertCreateMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(mutableSetOf(uid1, uid2))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that SATELLITE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UIDS changes will send correct net id and uid ranges
+     * to netd.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun testSatelliteNetworkPreferredUidsChanged() {
+        val netdInOrder = inOrder(netd)
+
+        val satelliteAgent = createSatelliteAgent("satellite0")
+        satelliteAgent.connect()
+
+        val satelliteNetId = satelliteAgent.network.netId
+        netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkCreate(
+            nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(satelliteNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE))
+
+        val uid1 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)
+        val uid2 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2)
+        val uid3 = SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)
+
+        // Initial satellite network preferred uids status.
+        setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(setOf())
+        netdInOrder.verify(netd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any())
+        netdInOrder.verify(netd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any())
+
+        // Set SATELLITE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UIDS setting and verify that net id and uid ranges
+        // send to netd
+        var uids = mutableSetOf(uid1, uid2, uid3)
+        val uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids))
+        val config1 = NativeUidRangeConfig(
+            satelliteNetId, uidRanges1,
+            PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK
+        )
+        setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids)
+        netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config1)
+        netdInOrder.verify(netd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any())
+
+        // Set SATELLITE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UIDS setting again and verify that old rules are removed
+        // and new rules are added.
+        uids = mutableSetOf(uid1)
+        val uidRanges2: Array<UidRangeParcel?> = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids))
+        val config2 = NativeUidRangeConfig(
+            satelliteNetId, uidRanges2,
+            PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK
+        )
+        setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids)
+        netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config1)
+        netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config2)
+    }
+
+    private fun assertCreateMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids: Set<Int>) {
+        val nris: Set<ConnectivityService.NetworkRequestInfo> =
+            service.createMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(uids)
+        val nri = nris.iterator().next()
+        // Verify that one NRI is created with multilayer requests. Because one NRI can contain
+        // multiple uid ranges, so it only need create one NRI here.
+        assertEquals(1, nris.size.toLong())
+        assertTrue(nri.isMultilayerRequest)
+        assertEquals(nri.uids, uidRangesForUids(uids))
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK, nri.mPreferenceOrder)
+    }
+
+    private fun setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids: Set<Int>) {
+        visibleOnHandlerThread(csHandler) {
+            deps.satelliteNetworkFallbackUidUpdate!!.accept(uids)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(netId: Int, permission: Int) =
+        NativeNetworkConfig(netId, NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL, permission,
+            false /* secure */, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE, false /* excludeLocalRoutes */)
+
+    private fun createSatelliteAgent(name: String): CSAgentWrapper {
+        return Agent(score = keepScore(), lp = lp(name),
+            nc = nc(TRANSPORT_SATELLITE, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun toUidRangeStableParcels(ranges: Set<UidRange>): Array<UidRangeParcel?> {
+        val stableRanges = arrayOfNulls<UidRangeParcel>(ranges.size)
+        for ((index, range) in ranges.withIndex()) {
+            stableRanges[index] = UidRangeParcel(range.start, range.stop)
+        }
+        return stableRanges
+    }
+
+    private fun uidRangesForUids(vararg uids: Int): Set<UidRange> {
+        val ranges = ArraySet<UidRange>()
+        for (uid in uids) {
+            ranges.add(UidRange(uid, uid))
+        }
+        return ranges
+    }
+
+    private fun uidRangesForUids(uids: Collection<Int>): Set<UidRange> {
+        return uidRangesForUids(*CollectionUtils.toIntArray(uids))
+    }
+
+    private fun nc(transport: Int, vararg caps: Int) = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().apply {
+        addTransportType(transport)
+        caps.forEach {
+            addCapability(it)
+        }
+        // Useful capabilities for everybody
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+    }.build()
+
+    private fun lp(iface: String) = LinkProperties().apply {
+        interfaceName = iface
+        addLinkAddress(LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32))
+        addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, null))
+    }
+
+    // This allows keeping all the networks connected without having to file individual requests
+    // for them.
+    private fun keepScore() = FromS(
+        NetworkScore.Builder().setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST).build()
+    )
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
index 013a749..13c5cbc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 import android.content.Context
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.INetworkMonitor
+import android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS
+import android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP
 import android.net.INetworkMonitorCallbacks
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkAgent
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
 import android.net.NetworkProvider
@@ -37,6 +40,9 @@
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.fail
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
@@ -44,9 +50,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
 import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.fail
 
 const val SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
 
@@ -69,16 +72,21 @@
         nac: NetworkAgentConfig,
         val nc: NetworkCapabilities,
         val lp: LinkProperties,
-        val lnc: LocalNetworkConfig?,
+        val lnc: FromS<LocalNetworkConfig>?,
         val score: FromS<NetworkScore>,
         val provider: NetworkProvider?
 ) : TestableNetworkCallback.HasNetwork {
     private val TAG = "CSAgent${nextAgentId()}"
     private val VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID = 0
+    private val NO_PROBE_RESULT = 0
     private val VALIDATION_TIMESTAMP = 1234L
     private val agent: NetworkAgent
     private val nmCallbacks: INetworkMonitorCallbacks
     val networkMonitor = mock<INetworkMonitor>()
+    private var nmValidationRedirectUrl: String? = null
+    private var nmValidationResult = NO_PROBE_RESULT
+    private var nmProbesCompleted = NO_PROBE_RESULT
+    private var nmProbesSucceeded = NO_PROBE_RESULT
 
     override val network: Network get() = agent.network!!
 
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@
         // Create the actual agent. NetworkAgent is abstract, so make an anonymous subclass.
         if (deps.isAtLeastS()) {
             agent = object : NetworkAgent(context, csHandlerThread.looper, TAG,
-                    nc, lp, lnc, score.value, nac, provider) {}
+                    nc, lp, lnc?.value, score.value, nac, provider) {}
         } else {
             agent = object : NetworkAgent(context, csHandlerThread.looper, TAG,
                     nc, lp, 50 /* score */, nac, provider) {}
@@ -120,10 +128,10 @@
         }
         nmCallbacks.notifyProbeStatusChanged(0 /* completed */, 0 /* succeeded */)
         val p = NetworkTestResultParcelable()
-        p.result = VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID
-        p.probesAttempted = 0
-        p.probesSucceeded = 0
-        p.redirectUrl = null
+        p.result = nmValidationResult
+        p.probesAttempted = nmProbesCompleted
+        p.probesSucceeded = nmProbesSucceeded
+        p.redirectUrl = nmValidationRedirectUrl
         p.timestampMillis = VALIDATION_TIMESTAMP
         nmCallbacks.notifyNetworkTestedWithExtras(p)
     }
@@ -133,6 +141,9 @@
         val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().apply {
             clearCapabilities()
             if (nc.transportTypes.isNotEmpty()) addTransportType(nc.transportTypes[0])
+            if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)) {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+            }
         }.build()
         val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
         mgr.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb)
@@ -159,6 +170,9 @@
         val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().apply {
             clearCapabilities()
             if (nc.transportTypes.isNotEmpty()) addTransportType(nc.transportTypes[0])
+            if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)) {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+            }
         }.build()
         val cb = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS)
         mgr.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb)
@@ -171,4 +185,27 @@
 
     fun sendLocalNetworkConfig(lnc: LocalNetworkConfig) = agent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(lnc)
     fun sendNetworkCapabilities(nc: NetworkCapabilities) = agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc)
+    fun sendLinkProperties(lp: LinkProperties) = agent.sendLinkProperties(lp)
+
+    fun connectWithCaptivePortal(redirectUrl: String) {
+        setCaptivePortal(redirectUrl)
+        connect()
+    }
+
+    fun setProbesStatus(probesCompleted: Int, probesSucceeded: Int) {
+        nmProbesCompleted = probesCompleted
+        nmProbesSucceeded = probesSucceeded
+    }
+
+    fun setCaptivePortal(redirectUrl: String) {
+        nmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID
+        nmValidationRedirectUrl = redirectUrl
+        // Suppose the portal is found when NetworkMonitor probes NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP
+        // in the beginning. Because NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP is the decisive probe for captive
+        // portal, considering the NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS hasn't probed yet and set only
+        // DNS and HTTP probes completed.
+        setProbesStatus(
+            NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS or NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP /* probesCompleted */,
+            VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID /* probesSucceeded */)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
index 0ccbfc3..47a6763 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server
 
+import android.app.AlarmManager
+import android.app.AppOpsManager
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.content.res.Resources
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.INetd
+import android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET
 import android.net.InetAddresses
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig
@@ -41,37 +44,59 @@
 import android.net.NetworkProvider
 import android.net.NetworkScore
 import android.net.PacProxyManager
+import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.net.networkstack.NetworkStackClientBase
 import android.os.BatteryStatsManager
+import android.os.Bundle
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Process
 import android.os.UserHandle
 import android.os.UserManager
+import android.permission.PermissionManager.PermissionResult
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
 import android.testing.TestableContext
-import android.util.ArraySet
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException
 import com.android.server.connectivity.AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker
 import com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ClatCoordinator
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags
+import com.android.server.connectivity.MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTracker
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTestDependencies
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker
+import com.android.server.connectivity.SatelliteAccessController
 import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer
+import java.util.function.Consumer
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME
+import kotlin.annotation.AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.rules.TestName
 import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors
-import kotlin.test.fail
 
-internal const val HANDLER_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000
+internal const val HANDLER_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000L
+internal const val BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = 3_000L
 internal const val TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.test.package"
 internal const val WIFI_WOL_IFNAME = "test_wlan_wol"
 internal val LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1")
@@ -86,6 +111,8 @@
 internal const val VERSION_V = 5
 internal const val VERSION_MAX = VERSION_V
 
+internal const val CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED = Process.INVALID_UID
+
 private fun NetworkCapabilities.getLegacyType() =
         when (transportTypes.getOrElse(0) { TRANSPORT_WIFI }) {
             TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH -> ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH
@@ -105,14 +132,19 @@
 // TODO (b/272685721) : make ConnectivityServiceTest smaller and faster by moving the setup
 // parts into this class and moving the individual tests to multiple separate classes.
 open class CSTest {
+    @get:Rule
+    val testNameRule = TestName()
+
     companion object {
         val CSTestExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
     }
 
     init {
         if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
-            throw UnsupportedApiLevelException("CSTest subclasses must be annotated to only " +
-                    "run on S+, e.g. @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)")
+            throw UnsupportedApiLevelException(
+                "CSTest subclasses must be annotated to only " +
+                    "run on S+, e.g. @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)"
+            )
         }
     }
 
@@ -125,11 +157,15 @@
     // permissions using static contexts.
     val enabledFeatures = HashMap<String, Boolean>().also {
         it[ConnectivityFlags.NO_REMATCH_ALL_REQUESTS_ON_REGISTER] = true
+        it[ConnectivityFlags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI] = true
         it[ConnectivityService.KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION] = true
-        it[ConnectivityService.DELAY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION] = true
+        it[ConnectivityService.ALLOW_SYSUI_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTS] = true
+        it[ConnectivityService.ALLOW_SATALLITE_NETWORK_FALLBACK] = true
+        it[ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING] = true
+        it[ConnectivityFlags.BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN] = true
+        it[ConnectivityFlags.DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS] = true
     }
-    fun enableFeature(f: String) = enabledFeatures.set(f, true)
-    fun disableFeature(f: String) = enabledFeatures.set(f, false)
+    fun setFeatureEnabled(flag: String, enabled: Boolean) = enabledFeatures.set(flag, enabled)
 
     // When adding new members, consider if it's not better to build the object in CSTestHelpers
     // to keep this file clean of implementation details. Generally, CSTestHelpers should only
@@ -137,7 +173,11 @@
     val contentResolver = makeMockContentResolver(context)
 
     val PRIMARY_USER = 0
-    val PRIMARY_USER_INFO = UserInfo(PRIMARY_USER, "" /* name */, UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY)
+    val PRIMARY_USER_INFO = UserInfo(
+            PRIMARY_USER,
+            "", // name
+            UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY
+    )
     val PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE = UserHandle(PRIMARY_USER)
     val userManager = makeMockUserManager(PRIMARY_USER_INFO, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
     val activityManager = makeActivityManager()
@@ -149,20 +189,85 @@
     val connResources = makeMockConnResources(sysResources, packageManager)
 
     val netd = mock<INetd>()
-    val bpfNetMaps = mock<BpfNetMaps>()
+    val bpfNetMaps = mock<BpfNetMaps>().also {
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_INTERNET).`when`(it).getNetPermForUid(anyInt())
+    }
     val clatCoordinator = mock<ClatCoordinator>()
-    val proxyTracker = ProxyTracker(context, mock<Handler>(), 16 /* EVENT_PROXY_HAS_CHANGED */)
-    val alarmManager = makeMockAlarmManager()
+    val networkRequestStateStatsMetrics = mock<NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics>()
+    val proxyTracker = ProxyTracker(
+            context,
+            mock<Handler>(),
+            16 // EVENT_PROXY_HAS_CHANGED
+    )
     val systemConfigManager = makeMockSystemConfigManager()
-    val batteryManager = BatteryStatsManager(mock<IBatteryStats>())
+    val batteryStats = mock<IBatteryStats>()
+    val batteryManager = BatteryStatsManager(batteryStats)
+    val appOpsManager = mock<AppOpsManager>()
     val telephonyManager = mock<TelephonyManager>().also {
         doReturn(true).`when`(it).isDataCapable()
     }
+    val subscriptionManager = mock<SubscriptionManager>()
+
+    val multicastRoutingCoordinatorService = mock<MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService>()
+    val satelliteAccessController = mock<SatelliteAccessController>()
+    val destroySocketsWrapper = mock<DestroySocketsWrapper>()
 
     val deps = CSDeps()
-    val service = makeConnectivityService(context, netd, deps).also { it.systemReadyInternal() }
-    val cm = ConnectivityManager(context, service)
-    val csHandler = Handler(csHandlerThread.looper)
+
+    // Initializations that start threads are done from setUp to avoid thread leak
+    lateinit var alarmHandlerThread: HandlerThread
+    lateinit var alarmManager: AlarmManager
+    lateinit var service: ConnectivityService
+    lateinit var cm: ConnectivityManager
+    lateinit var csHandler: Handler
+
+    // Tests can use this annotation to set flag values before constructing ConnectivityService
+    // e.g. @FeatureFlags([Flag(flagName1, true/false), Flag(flagName2, true/false)])
+    @Retention(RUNTIME)
+    @Target(FUNCTION)
+    annotation class FeatureFlags(val flags: Array<Flag>)
+
+    @Retention(RUNTIME)
+    @Target(FUNCTION)
+    annotation class Flag(val name: String, val enabled: Boolean)
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        // Set feature flags before constructing ConnectivityService
+        val testMethodName = testNameRule.methodName
+        try {
+            val testMethod = this::class.java.getMethod(testMethodName)
+            val featureFlags = testMethod.getAnnotation(FeatureFlags::class.java)
+            if (featureFlags != null) {
+                for (flag in featureFlags.flags) {
+                    setFeatureEnabled(flag.name, flag.enabled)
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (ignored: NoSuchMethodException) {
+            // This is expected for parameterized tests
+        }
+
+        alarmHandlerThread = HandlerThread("TestAlarmManager").also { it.start() }
+        alarmManager = makeMockAlarmManager(alarmHandlerThread)
+        service = makeConnectivityService(context, netd, deps).also { it.systemReadyInternal() }
+        cm = ConnectivityManager(context, service)
+        // csHandler initialization must be after makeConnectivityService since ConnectivityService
+        // constructor starts csHandlerThread
+        csHandler = Handler(csHandlerThread.looper)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        csHandlerThread.quitSafely()
+        csHandlerThread.join()
+        alarmHandlerThread.quitSafely()
+        alarmHandlerThread.join()
+    }
+
+    // Class to be mocked and used to verify destroy sockets methods call
+    open inner class DestroySocketsWrapper {
+        open fun destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(ownerUids: Set<Int>) {}
+    }
 
     inner class CSDeps : ConnectivityService.Dependencies() {
         override fun getResources(ctx: Context) = connResources
@@ -170,14 +275,29 @@
         override fun getClatCoordinator(netd: INetd?) = this@CSTest.clatCoordinator
         override fun getNetworkStack() = this@CSTest.networkStack
 
-        override fun makeHandlerThread() = csHandlerThread
+        override fun makeHandlerThread(tag: String) = csHandlerThread
         override fun makeProxyTracker(context: Context, connServiceHandler: Handler) = proxyTracker
+        override fun makeMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(handler: Handler) =
+                this@CSTest.multicastRoutingCoordinatorService
 
         override fun makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
                 context: Context,
-                tm: TelephonyManager
+                tm: TelephonyManager,
+                requestRestrictedWifiEnabled: Boolean,
+                listener: BiConsumer<Int, Int>,
+                handler: Handler
         ) = if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) mock<CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator>() else null
 
+        var satelliteNetworkFallbackUidUpdate: Consumer<Set<Int>>? = null
+        override fun makeSatelliteAccessController(
+            context: Context,
+            updateSatelliteNetworkFallackUid: Consumer<Set<Int>>?,
+            csHandlerThread: Handler
+        ): SatelliteAccessController? {
+            satelliteNetworkFallbackUidUpdate = updateSatelliteNetworkFallackUid
+            return satelliteAccessController
+        }
+
         private inner class AOOKTDeps(c: Context) : AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.Dependencies(c) {
             override fun isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(name: String): Boolean {
                 return isFeatureEnabled(context, name)
@@ -187,17 +307,26 @@
                 AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker(c, h, AOOKTDeps(c))
 
         override fun makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(c: Context, h: Handler, r: Runnable) =
-                MultinetworkPolicyTracker(c, h, r,
-                        MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTestDependencies(connResources.get()))
+                MultinetworkPolicyTracker(
+                        c,
+                        h,
+                        r,
+                        MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTestDependencies(connResources.get())
+                )
+
+        override fun makeNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(c: Context) =
+                this@CSTest.networkRequestStateStatsMetrics
 
         // All queried features must be mocked, because the test cannot hold the
         // READ_DEVICE_CONFIG permission and device config utils use static methods for
         // checking permissions.
         override fun isFeatureEnabled(context: Context?, name: String?) =
                 enabledFeatures[name] ?: fail("Unmocked feature $name, see CSTest.enabledFeatures")
+        override fun isFeatureNotChickenedOut(context: Context?, name: String?) =
+                enabledFeatures[name] ?: fail("Unmocked feature $name, see CSTest.enabledFeatures")
 
         // Mocked change IDs
-        private val enabledChangeIds = ArraySet<Long>()
+        private val enabledChangeIds = arrayListOf(ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK)
         fun setChangeIdEnabled(enabled: Boolean, changeId: Long) {
             // enabledChangeIds is read on the handler thread and maybe the test thread, so
             // make sure both threads see it before continuing.
@@ -232,19 +361,97 @@
         override fun isAtLeastT() = if (isSdkUnmocked) super.isAtLeastT() else sdkLevel >= VERSION_T
         override fun isAtLeastU() = if (isSdkUnmocked) super.isAtLeastU() else sdkLevel >= VERSION_U
         override fun isAtLeastV() = if (isSdkUnmocked) super.isAtLeastV() else sdkLevel >= VERSION_V
+
+        private var callingUid = CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED
+
+        fun unmockCallingUid() {
+            setCallingUid(CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED)
+        }
+
+        fun setCallingUid(callingUid: Int) {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(csHandler) { this.callingUid = callingUid }
+        }
+
+        override fun getCallingUid() =
+                if (callingUid == CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED) super.getCallingUid() else callingUid
+
+        override fun destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(ownerUids: Set<Int>) {
+            // Call mocked destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids so that test can verify this method call
+            destroySocketsWrapper.destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(ownerUids)
+        }
     }
 
     inner class CSContext(base: Context) : BroadcastInterceptingContext(base) {
         val pacProxyManager = mock<PacProxyManager>()
         val networkPolicyManager = mock<NetworkPolicyManager>()
 
+        // Map of permission name -> PermissionManager.Permission_{GRANTED|DENIED} constant
+        // For permissions granted across the board, the key is only the permission name.
+        // For permissions only granted to a combination of uid/pid, the key
+        // is "<permission name>,<pid>,<uid>". PID+UID permissions have priority over generic ones.
+        private val mMockedPermissions: HashMap<String, Int> = HashMap()
+        private val mStartedActivities = LinkedBlockingQueue<Intent>()
         override fun getPackageManager() = this@CSTest.packageManager
         override fun getContentResolver() = this@CSTest.contentResolver
 
-        // TODO : buff up the capabilities of this permission scheme to allow checking for
-        // permission rejections
-        override fun checkPermission(permission: String, pid: Int, uid: Int) = PERMISSION_GRANTED
-        override fun checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission: String) = PERMISSION_GRANTED
+        // If the permission result does not set in the mMockedPermissions, it will be
+        // considered as PERMISSION_GRANTED as existing design to prevent breaking other tests.
+        override fun checkPermission(permission: String, pid: Int, uid: Int) =
+            checkMockedPermission(permission, pid, uid, PERMISSION_GRANTED)
+
+        override fun enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(permission: String, message: String?) {
+            // If the permission result does not set in the mMockedPermissions, it will be
+            // considered as PERMISSION_GRANTED as existing design to prevent breaking other tests.
+            val granted = checkMockedPermission(
+                permission,
+                Process.myPid(),
+                Process.myUid(),
+                PERMISSION_GRANTED
+            )
+            if (!granted.equals(PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
+                throw SecurityException("[Test] permission denied: " + permission)
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If the permission result does not set in the mMockedPermissions, it will be
+        // considered as PERMISSION_GRANTED as existing design to prevent breaking other tests.
+        override fun checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission: String) =
+            checkMockedPermission(permission, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), PERMISSION_GRANTED)
+
+        private fun checkMockedPermission(
+                permission: String,
+                pid: Int,
+                uid: Int,
+                default: Int
+        ): Int {
+            val processSpecificKey = "$permission,$pid,$uid"
+            return mMockedPermissions[processSpecificKey]
+                    ?: mMockedPermissions[permission] ?: default
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Mock checks for the specified permission, and have them behave as per `granted` or
+         * `denied`.
+         *
+         * This will apply to all calls no matter what the checked UID and PID are.
+         *
+         * @param granted One of {@link PackageManager#PermissionResult}.
+         */
+        fun setPermission(permission: String, @PermissionResult granted: Int) {
+            mMockedPermissions.put(permission, granted)
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Mock checks for the specified permission, and have them behave as per `granted` or
+         * `denied`.
+         *
+         * This will only apply to the passed UID and PID.
+         *
+         * @param granted One of {@link PackageManager#PermissionResult}.
+         */
+        fun setPermission(permission: String, pid: Int, uid: Int, @PermissionResult granted: Int) {
+            mMockedPermissions.put("$permission,$pid,$uid", granted)
+        }
 
         // Necessary for MultinetworkPolicyTracker, which tries to register a receiver for
         // all users. The test can't do that since it doesn't hold INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS.
@@ -278,10 +485,41 @@
             Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE -> activityManager
             Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE -> systemConfigManager
             Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE -> telephonyManager
+            Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE -> subscriptionManager
             Context.BATTERY_STATS_SERVICE -> batteryManager
             Context.STATS_MANAGER -> null // Stats manager is final and can't be mocked
+            Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE -> appOpsManager
             else -> super.getSystemService(serviceName)
         }
+
+        internal val orderedBroadcastAsUserHistory = ArrayTrackRecord<Intent>().newReadHead()
+
+        fun expectNoDataActivityBroadcast(timeoutMs: Int) {
+            assertNull(orderedBroadcastAsUserHistory.poll(timeoutMs.toLong()))
+        }
+
+        override fun sendOrderedBroadcastAsUser(
+                intent: Intent,
+                user: UserHandle,
+                receiverPermission: String?,
+                resultReceiver: BroadcastReceiver?,
+                scheduler: Handler?,
+                initialCode: Int,
+                initialData: String?,
+                initialExtras: Bundle?
+        ) {
+            orderedBroadcastAsUserHistory.add(intent)
+        }
+
+        override fun startActivityAsUser(intent: Intent, handle: UserHandle) {
+            mStartedActivities.put(intent)
+        }
+
+        fun expectStartActivityIntent(timeoutMs: Long = HANDLER_TIMEOUT_MS): Intent {
+            val intent = mStartedActivities.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            assertNotNull(intent, "Did not receive sign-in intent after " + timeoutMs + "ms")
+            return intent
+        }
     }
 
     // Utility methods for subclasses to use
@@ -293,7 +531,7 @@
             nc: NetworkCapabilities = defaultNc(),
             nac: NetworkAgentConfig = emptyAgentConfig(nc.getLegacyType()),
             lp: LinkProperties = defaultLp(),
-            lnc: LocalNetworkConfig? = null,
+            lnc: FromS<LocalNetworkConfig>? = null,
             score: FromS<NetworkScore> = defaultScore(),
             provider: NetworkProvider? = null
     ) = CSAgentWrapper(context, deps, csHandlerThread, networkStack,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTestHelpers.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTestHelpers.kt
index c1828b2..8ff790c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTestHelpers.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTestHelpers.kt
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.Dependencies
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources
+import kotlin.test.fail
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
@@ -64,7 +65,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
-import kotlin.test.fail
 
 internal inline fun <reified T> mock() = Mockito.mock(T::class.java)
 internal inline fun <reified T> any() = any(T::class.java)
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@
 }
 
 private val UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS = 1000
-internal fun makeMockAlarmManager() = mock<AlarmManager>().also { am ->
-    val alrmHdlr = HandlerThread("TestAlarmManager").also { it.start() }.threadHandler
+internal fun makeMockAlarmManager(handlerThread: HandlerThread) = mock<AlarmManager>().also { am ->
+    val alrmHdlr = handlerThread.threadHandler
     doAnswer {
         val (_, date, _, wakeupMsg, handler) = it.arguments
         wakeupMsg as WakeupMessage
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
index 949e0c2..70d4ad8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
@@ -554,4 +554,22 @@
         mNetworkOfferCallback.onNetworkNeeded(createDefaultRequest());
         verify(mIpClient, never()).startProvisioning(any());
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMacAddressProvisionedInterface() throws Exception {
+        initEthernetNetworkFactory();
+        createAndVerifyProvisionedInterface(TEST_IFACE);
+
+        final String result = mNetFactory.getHwAddress(TEST_IFACE);
+        assertEquals(HW_ADDR, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMacAddressForNonExistingInterface() {
+        initEthernetNetworkFactory();
+
+        final String result = mNetFactory.getHwAddress(TEST_IFACE);
+        // No interface exists due to not calling createAndVerifyProvisionedInterface(...).
+        assertNull(result);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapHelperTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapHelperTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b3bea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapHelperTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EPERM;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+public final class BpfInterfaceMapHelperTest {
+    private static final int TEST_INDEX = 1;
+    private static final int TEST_INDEX2 = 2;
+    private static final String TEST_INTERFACE_NAME = "test1";
+    private static final String TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2 = "test2";
+
+    private BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener mListener;
+    private BpfInterfaceMapHelper mUpdater;
+    private IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap =
+            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class));
+
+    private class TestDependencies extends BpfInterfaceMapHelper.Dependencies {
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+            return mBpfMap;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mUpdater = new BpfInterfaceMapHelper(new TestDependencies());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIfNameByIndex() throws Exception {
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
+        assertEquals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME, mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIfNameByIndexNoEntry() {
+        assertNull(mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIfNameByIndexException() throws Exception {
+        doThrow(new ErrnoException("", EPERM)).when(mBpfMap).getValue(new S32(TEST_INDEX));
+        assertNull(mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
+    }
+
+    private void assertDumpContains(final String dump, final String message) {
+        assertTrue(String.format("dump(%s) does not contain '%s'", dump, message),
+                dump.contains(message));
+    }
+
+    private String getDump() {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        mUpdater.dump(new IndentingPrintWriter(new PrintWriter(sw), " "));
+        return sw.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDump() throws ErrnoException {
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX2), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2));
+
+        final String dump = getDump();
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "IfaceIndexNameMap: OK");
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "ifaceIndex=1 ifaceName=test1");
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "ifaceIndex=2 ifaceName=test2");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c730856..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.net;
-
-import static android.system.OsConstants.EPERM;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
-
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.INetd;
-import android.net.MacAddress;
-import android.os.Build;
-import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.test.TestLooper;
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-
-import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
-import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
-import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-
-import java.io.PrintWriter;
-import java.io.StringWriter;
-
-@SmallTest
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-public final class BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest {
-    private static final int TEST_INDEX = 1;
-    private static final int TEST_INDEX2 = 2;
-    private static final String TEST_INTERFACE_NAME = "test1";
-    private static final String TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2 = "test2";
-
-    private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
-    private BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener mListener;
-    private BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mUpdater;
-    private IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap =
-            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class));
-    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
-    @Mock private Context mContext;
-
-    private class TestDependencies extends BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.Dependencies {
-        @Override
-        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
-            return mBpfMap;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifaceName) {
-            if (ifaceName.equals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME)) {
-                return new InterfaceParams(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME, TEST_INDEX,
-                        MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);
-            } else if (ifaceName.equals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2)) {
-                return new InterfaceParams(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2, TEST_INDEX2,
-                        MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);
-            }
-
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public INetd getINetd(Context ctx) {
-            return mNetd;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
-        when(mNetd.interfaceGetList()).thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_INTERFACE_NAME});
-        mUpdater = new BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(mContext, new Handler(mLooper.getLooper()),
-                new TestDependencies());
-    }
-
-    private void verifyStartUpdater() throws Exception {
-        mUpdater.start();
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        final ArgumentCaptor<BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener> listenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener.class);
-        verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(listenerCaptor.capture());
-        mListener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
-        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new S32(TEST_INDEX)),
-                eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME)));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUpdateInterfaceMap() throws Exception {
-        verifyStartUpdater();
-
-        mListener.onInterfaceAdded(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new S32(TEST_INDEX2)),
-                eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2)));
-
-        // Check that when onInterfaceRemoved is called, nothing happens.
-        mListener.onInterfaceRemoved(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfMap);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetIfNameByIndex() throws Exception {
-        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
-        assertEquals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME, mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetIfNameByIndexNoEntry() {
-        assertNull(mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetIfNameByIndexException() throws Exception {
-        doThrow(new ErrnoException("", EPERM)).when(mBpfMap).getValue(new S32(TEST_INDEX));
-        assertNull(mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
-    }
-
-    private void assertDumpContains(final String dump, final String message) {
-        assertTrue(String.format("dump(%s) does not contain '%s'", dump, message),
-                dump.contains(message));
-    }
-
-    private String getDump() {
-        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
-        mUpdater.dump(new IndentingPrintWriter(new PrintWriter(sw), " "));
-        return sw.toString();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDump() throws ErrnoException {
-        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
-        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX2), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2));
-
-        final String dump = getDump();
-        assertDumpContains(dump, "IfaceIndexNameMap: OK");
-        assertDumpContains(dump, "ifaceIndex=1 ifaceName=test1");
-        assertDumpContains(dump, "ifaceIndex=2 ifaceName=test2");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 92a5b64..9026481 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -67,9 +67,14 @@
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.POLL_REASON_RAT_CHANGED;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.PollEvent.pollReasonNameOf;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_ATTEMPTS_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
@@ -113,6 +119,7 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
@@ -122,12 +129,14 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.SimpleClock;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -155,12 +164,15 @@
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder;
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule;
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule.FeatureFlag;
 
 import libcore.testing.io.TestIoUtils;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
@@ -169,7 +181,6 @@
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
@@ -186,6 +197,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsService}.
@@ -193,11 +205,13 @@
  * TODO: This test used to be really brittle because it used Easymock - it uses Mockito now, but
  * still uses the Easymock structure, which could be simplified.
  */
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
 // NetworkStatsService is not updatable before T, so tests do not need to be backwards compatible
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
 public class NetworkStatsServiceTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
+
     private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsServiceTest";
 
     private static final long TEST_START = 1194220800000L;
@@ -250,7 +264,7 @@
     private @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
     @Mock
     private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
-    private @Mock BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater;
+    private @Mock BpfInterfaceMapHelper mBpfInterfaceMapHelper;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     @Mock
     private LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
@@ -283,9 +297,24 @@
     private @Mock PersistentInt mImportLegacyAttemptsCounter;
     private @Mock PersistentInt mImportLegacySuccessesCounter;
     private @Mock PersistentInt mImportLegacyFallbacksCounter;
+    private int mFastDataInputTargetAttempts = 0;
+    private @Mock PersistentInt mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter;
+    private @Mock PersistentInt mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter;
+    private String mCompareStatsResult = null;
     private @Mock Resources mResources;
     private Boolean mIsDebuggable;
     private HandlerThread mObserverHandlerThread;
+    final TestDependencies mDeps = new TestDependencies();
+    final HashMap<String, Boolean> mFeatureFlags = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // This will set feature flags from @FeatureFlag annotations
+    // into the map before setUp() runs.
+    @Rule
+    public final SetFeatureFlagsRule mSetFeatureFlagsRule =
+            new SetFeatureFlagsRule((name, enabled) -> {
+                mFeatureFlags.put(name, enabled);
+                return null;
+            }, (name) -> mFeatureFlags.getOrDefault(name, false));
 
     private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
         private final Context mBaseContext;
@@ -368,7 +397,6 @@
                 powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
 
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkStatsServiceTest-HandlerThread");
-        final NetworkStatsService.Dependencies deps = makeDependencies();
         // Create a separate thread for observers to run on. This thread cannot be the same
         // as the handler thread, because the observer callback is fired on this thread, and
         // it should not be blocked by client code. Additionally, creating the observers
@@ -383,12 +411,10 @@
             }
         };
         mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetd, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
-                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, statsObservers, deps);
+                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, statsObservers, mDeps);
 
         mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
 
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
         // Verify that system ready fetches realtime stats
@@ -422,132 +448,187 @@
         mUsageCallback = new TestableUsageCallback(mUsageCallbackBinder);
     }
 
-    @NonNull
-    private NetworkStatsService.Dependencies makeDependencies() {
-        return new NetworkStatsService.Dependencies() {
-            @Override
-            public File getLegacyStatsDir() {
-                return mLegacyStatsDir;
-            }
+    class TestDependencies extends NetworkStatsService.Dependencies {
+        private int mCompareStatsInvocation = 0;
+        private NetworkStats.Entry mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat = null;
 
-            @Override
-            public File getOrCreateStatsDir() {
-                return mStatsDir;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public File getLegacyStatsDir() {
+            return mLegacyStatsDir;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public boolean getStoreFilesInApexData() {
-                return mStoreFilesInApexData;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public File getOrCreateStatsDir() {
+            return mStatsDir;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public int getImportLegacyTargetAttempts() {
-                return mImportLegacyTargetAttempts;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public boolean getStoreFilesInApexData() {
+            return mStoreFilesInApexData;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public PersistentInt createPersistentCounter(@androidx.annotation.NonNull Path dir,
-                    @androidx.annotation.NonNull String name) throws IOException {
-                switch (name) {
-                    case NETSTATS_IMPORT_ATTEMPTS_COUNTER_NAME:
-                        return mImportLegacyAttemptsCounter;
-                    case NETSTATS_IMPORT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME:
-                        return mImportLegacySuccessesCounter;
-                    case NETSTATS_IMPORT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME:
-                        return mImportLegacyFallbacksCounter;
-                    default:
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown counter name: " + name);
-                }
-            }
+        @Override
+        public int getImportLegacyTargetAttempts() {
+            return mImportLegacyTargetAttempts;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public NetworkStatsCollection readPlatformCollection(
-                    @NonNull String prefix, long bucketDuration) {
-                return mPlatformNetworkStatsCollection.get(prefix);
-            }
+        @Override
+        public int getUseFastDataInputTargetAttempts() {
+            return mFastDataInputTargetAttempts;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
-                return mHandlerThread;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public String compareStats(NetworkStatsCollection a, NetworkStatsCollection b,
+                 boolean allowKeyChange) {
+            mCompareStatsInvocation++;
+            return mCompareStatsResult;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor makeSubscriptionsMonitor(
-                    @NonNull Context context, @NonNull Executor executor,
-                    @NonNull NetworkStatsService service) {
+        int getCompareStatsInvocation() {
+            return mCompareStatsInvocation;
+        }
 
-                return mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
+        @Override
+        public PersistentInt createPersistentCounter(@NonNull Path dir, @NonNull String name) {
+            switch (name) {
+                case NETSTATS_IMPORT_ATTEMPTS_COUNTER_NAME:
+                    return mImportLegacyAttemptsCounter;
+                case NETSTATS_IMPORT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME:
+                    return mImportLegacySuccessesCounter;
+                case NETSTATS_IMPORT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME:
+                    return mImportLegacyFallbacksCounter;
+                case NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME:
+                    return mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter;
+                case NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME:
+                    return mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown counter name: " + name);
             }
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public ContentObserver makeContentObserver(Handler handler,
-                    NetworkStatsSettings settings, NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor monitor) {
-                mHandler = handler;
-                return mContentObserver = super.makeContentObserver(handler, settings, monitor);
-            }
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStatsCollection readPlatformCollection(
+                @NonNull String prefix, long bucketDuration) {
+            return mPlatformNetworkStatsCollection.get(prefix);
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public LocationPermissionChecker makeLocationPermissionChecker(final Context context) {
-                return mLocationPermissionChecker;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+            return mHandlerThread;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(
-                    @NonNull Context ctx, @NonNull Handler handler) {
-                return mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor makeSubscriptionsMonitor(
+                @NonNull Context context, @NonNull Executor executor,
+                @NonNull NetworkStatsService service) {
 
-            @Override
-            public IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
-                return mUidCounterSetMap;
-            }
+            return mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
-                return mCookieTagMap;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public ContentObserver makeContentObserver(Handler handler,
+                NetworkStatsSettings settings, NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor monitor) {
+            mHandler = handler;
+            return mContentObserver = super.makeContentObserver(handler, settings, monitor);
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapA() {
-                return mStatsMapA;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public LocationPermissionChecker makeLocationPermissionChecker(final Context context) {
+            return mLocationPermissionChecker;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapB() {
-                return mStatsMapB;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public BpfInterfaceMapHelper makeBpfInterfaceMapHelper() {
+            return mBpfInterfaceMapHelper;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getAppUidStatsMap() {
-                return mAppUidStatsMap;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
+            return mUidCounterSetMap;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public IBpfMap<S32, StatsMapValue> getIfaceStatsMap() {
-                return mIfaceStatsMap;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
+            return mCookieTagMap;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public boolean isDebuggable() {
-                return mIsDebuggable == Boolean.TRUE;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapA() {
+            return mStatsMapA;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public BpfNetMaps makeBpfNetMaps(Context ctx) {
-                return mBpfNetMaps;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapB() {
+            return mStatsMapB;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public SkDestroyListener makeSkDestroyListener(
-                    IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> cookieTagMap, Handler handler) {
-                return mSkDestroyListener;
-            }
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getAppUidStatsMap() {
+            return mAppUidStatsMap;
+        }
 
-            @Override
-            public boolean supportEventLogger(@NonNull Context cts) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        };
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<S32, StatsMapValue> getIfaceStatsMap() {
+            return mIfaceStatsMap;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isDebuggable() {
+            return mIsDebuggable == Boolean.TRUE;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public BpfNetMaps makeBpfNetMaps(Context ctx) {
+            return mBpfNetMaps;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public SkDestroyListener makeSkDestroyListener(
+                IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> cookieTagMap, Handler handler) {
+            return mSkDestroyListener;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean supportEventLogger(@NonNull Context cts) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean supportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(Context ctx) {
+            return mFeatureFlags.getOrDefault(TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, false);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration() {
+            return DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries() {
+            return DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetTotalStat() {
+            return mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface) {
+            return mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetUidStat(int uid) {
+            return mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat;
+        }
+
+        public void setNativeStat(NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
+            mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat = entry;
+        }
     }
 
     @After
@@ -704,8 +785,6 @@
         assertStatsFilesExist(true);
 
         // boot through serviceReady() again
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
 
         mService.systemReady();
@@ -904,7 +983,16 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testMobileStatsByRatType() throws Exception {
+    public void testMobileStatsByRatTypeForSatellite() throws Exception {
+        doTestMobileStatsByRatType(new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildSatelliteMobileState(IMSI_1)});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileStatsByRatTypeForCellular() throws Exception {
+        doTestMobileStatsByRatType(new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildMobileState(IMSI_1)});
+    }
+
+    private void doTestMobileStatsByRatType(NetworkStateSnapshot[] states) throws Exception {
         final NetworkTemplate template3g = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE)
                 .setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
                 .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build();
@@ -914,8 +1002,6 @@
         final NetworkTemplate template5g = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE)
                 .setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR)
                 .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build();
-        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
-                new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildMobileState(IMSI_1)};
 
         // 3G network comes online.
         mockNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
@@ -929,7 +1015,7 @@
         incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
         mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
                 .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
-                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0L)));
+                         METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0L)));
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
 
         // Verify 3g templates gets stats.
@@ -944,7 +1030,7 @@
         mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
                 // Append more traffic on existing 3g stats entry.
                 .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
-                         METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 16L, 22L, 17L, 2L, 0L))
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 16L, 22L, 17L, 2L, 0L))
                 // Add entry that is new on 4g.
                 .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
                         METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 33L, 27L, 8L, 10L, 1L)));
@@ -1346,6 +1432,57 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testGetUidStatsForTransportWithCellularAndSatellite() throws Exception {
+        // Setup satellite mobile network and Cellular mobile network
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot mobileState = buildStateOfTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, TYPE_MOBILE,
+                TEST_IFACE2, IMSI_1, null /* wifiNetworkKey */,
+                false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, false /* isRoaming */);
+
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{mobileState,
+                buildSatelliteMobileState(IMSI_1)};
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+
+        // mock traffic on satellite network
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entrySatellite = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 80L, 5L, 70L, 15L, 1L);
+
+        // mock traffic on cellular network
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entryCellular = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 100L, 15L, 150L, 15L, 1L);
+
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] emptyTetherStats = {};
+        // The interfaces that expect to be used to query the stats.
+        final String[] mobileIfaces = {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2};
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+                .insertEntry(entrySatellite).insertEntry(entryCellular), emptyTetherStats,
+                mobileIfaces);
+        // with getUidStatsForTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) return stats of both cellular
+        // and satellite
+        final NetworkStats mobileStats = mService.getUidStatsForTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+
+        // The iface field of the returned stats should be null because getUidStatsForTransport
+        // clears the interface field before it returns the result.
+        assertValues(mobileStats, null /* iface */, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, METERED_NO, 180L, 20L, 220L, 30L, 2L);
+
+        // getUidStatsForTransport(TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) is not supported
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mService.getUidStatsForTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testForegroundBackground() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         mockDefaultSettings();
@@ -2028,8 +2165,6 @@
                 getLegacyCollection(PREFIX_UID_TAG, true /* includeTags */));
 
         // Mock zero usage and boot through serviceReady(), verify there is no imported data.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
@@ -2041,8 +2176,6 @@
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
 
         // Boot through systemReady() again.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
 
@@ -2116,8 +2249,6 @@
                 getLegacyCollection(PREFIX_UID_TAG, true /* includeTags */));
 
         // Mock zero usage and boot through serviceReady(), verify there is no imported data.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
@@ -2129,8 +2260,6 @@
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
 
         // Boot through systemReady() again.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
 
@@ -2165,6 +2294,71 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testAdoptFastDataInput_featureDisabled() throws Exception {
+        // Boot through serviceReady() with flag disabled, verify the persistent
+        // counters are not increased.
+        mFastDataInputTargetAttempts = 0;
+        doReturn(0).when(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter).get();
+        doReturn(0).when(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter).get();
+        mService.systemReady();
+        verify(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+        verify(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.getCompareStatsInvocation());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdoptFastDataInput_noRetryAfterFail() throws Exception {
+        // Boot through serviceReady(), verify the service won't retry unexpectedly
+        // since the target attempt remains the same.
+        mFastDataInputTargetAttempts = 1;
+        doReturn(0).when(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter).get();
+        doReturn(1).when(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter).get();
+        mService.systemReady();
+        verify(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+        verify(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdoptFastDataInput_noRetryAfterSuccess() throws Exception {
+        // Boot through serviceReady(), verify the service won't retry unexpectedly
+        // since the target attempt remains the same.
+        mFastDataInputTargetAttempts = 1;
+        doReturn(1).when(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter).get();
+        doReturn(0).when(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter).get();
+        mService.systemReady();
+        verify(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+        verify(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdoptFastDataInput_hasDiff() throws Exception {
+        // Boot through serviceReady() with flag enabled and assumes the stats are
+        // failed to compare, verify the fallbacks counter is increased.
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        doReturn(0).when(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter).get();
+        doReturn(0).when(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter).get();
+        mFastDataInputTargetAttempts = 1;
+        mCompareStatsResult = "Has differences";
+        mService.systemReady();
+        verify(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+        verify(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter).set(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdoptFastDataInput_noDiff() throws Exception {
+        // Boot through serviceReady() with target attempts increased,
+        // assumes there was a previous failure,
+        // and assumes the stats are successfully compared,
+        // verify the successes counter is increased.
+        mFastDataInputTargetAttempts = 2;
+        doReturn(1).when(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter).get();
+        mCompareStatsResult = null;
+        mService.systemReady();
+        verify(mFastDataInputSuccessesCounter).set(1);
+        verify(mFastDataInputFallbacksCounter, never()).set(anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStatsFactoryRemoveUids() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         mockDefaultSettings();
@@ -2217,6 +2411,68 @@
         assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_GREEN, 64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L, 0);
     }
 
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_disabled() throws Exception {
+        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(false /* cacheEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_enabled() throws Exception {
+        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(true /* cacheEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(boolean cacheEnabled) throws Exception {
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        // Calling uid is not injected into the service, use the real uid to pass the caller check.
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        mockTrafficStatsValues(64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L);
+        assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L);
+
+        // Verify the values are cached.
+        incrementCurrentTime(DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS / 2);
+        mockTrafficStatsValues(65L, 8L, 1055L, 9L);
+        if (cacheEnabled) {
+            assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L);
+        } else {
+            assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 65L, 8L, 1055L, 9L);
+        }
+
+        // Verify the values are updated after cache expiry.
+        incrementCurrentTime(DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS);
+        assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 65L, 8L, 1055L, 9L);
+    }
+
+    private void mockTrafficStatsValues(long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        // In practice, keys and operations are not used and filled with default values when
+        // returned by JNI layer.
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT,
+                TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
+                rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, 0L);
+        mDeps.setNativeStat(entry);
+    }
+
+    // Assert for 3 different API return values respectively.
+    private void assertTrafficStatsValues(String iface, int uid, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
+                (type) -> mService.getTotalStats(type));
+        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
+                (type) -> mService.getIfaceStats(iface, type));
+        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
+                (type) -> mService.getUidStats(uid, type));
+    }
+
+    private void assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes,
+            long txPackets, Function<Integer, Long> fetcher) {
+        assertEquals(rxBytes, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES));
+        assertEquals(rxPackets, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS));
+        assertEquals(txBytes, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES));
+        assertEquals(txPackets, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS));
+    }
+
     private void assertShouldRunComparison(boolean expected, boolean isDebuggable) {
         assertEquals("shouldRunComparison (debuggable=" + isDebuggable + "): ",
                 expected, mService.shouldRunComparison());
@@ -2229,7 +2485,8 @@
         final DropBoxManager dropBox = mock(DropBoxManager.class);
         return new NetworkStatsRecorder(new FileRotator(
                 directory, prefix, config.rotateAgeMillis, config.deleteAgeMillis),
-                observer, dropBox, prefix, config.bucketDuration, includeTags, wipeOnError);
+                observer, dropBox, prefix, config.bucketDuration, includeTags, wipeOnError,
+                false /* useFastDataInput */, directory);
     }
 
     private NetworkStatsCollection getLegacyCollection(String prefix, boolean includeTags) {
@@ -2280,6 +2537,8 @@
     }
 
     private void prepareForSystemReady() throws Exception {
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         mockNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
     }
 
@@ -2437,6 +2696,12 @@
                 false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, false /* isRoaming */);
     }
 
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildSatelliteMobileState(String subscriberId) {
+        return buildStateOfTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE, TYPE_MOBILE,
+                TEST_IFACE, subscriberId, null /* wifiNetworkKey */,
+                false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, false /* isRoaming */);
+    }
+
     private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildTestState(@NonNull String iface,
             @Nullable String wifiNetworkKey) {
         return buildStateOfTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST, TYPE_TEST,
@@ -2672,13 +2937,13 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDumpStatsMap() throws ErrnoException {
-        doReturn("wlan0").when(mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
+        doReturn("wlan0").when(mBpfInterfaceMapHelper).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
         doTestDumpStatsMap("wlan0");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDumpStatsMapUnknownInterface() throws ErrnoException {
-        doReturn(null).when(mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
+        doReturn(null).when(mBpfInterfaceMapHelper).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
         doTestDumpStatsMap("unknown");
     }
 
@@ -2693,13 +2958,13 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDumpIfaceStatsMap() throws Exception {
-        doReturn("wlan0").when(mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
+        doReturn("wlan0").when(mBpfInterfaceMapHelper).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
         doTestDumpIfaceStatsMap("wlan0");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDumpIfaceStatsMapUnknownInterface() throws Exception {
-        doReturn(null).when(mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
+        doReturn(null).when(mBpfInterfaceMapHelper).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
         doTestDumpIfaceStatsMap("unknown");
     }
 
@@ -2712,4 +2977,16 @@
         final String dump = getDump();
         assertDumpContains(dump, pollReasonNameOf(POLL_REASON_RAT_CHANGED));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDumpSkDestroyListenerLogs() throws ErrnoException {
+        doAnswer((invocation) -> {
+            final IndentingPrintWriter ipw = (IndentingPrintWriter) invocation.getArgument(0);
+            ipw.println("Log for testing");
+            return null;
+        }).when(mSkDestroyListener).dump(any());
+
+        final String dump = getDump();
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "Log for testing");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListenerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListenerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18785e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListenerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net
+
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.io.PrintWriter
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class SkDestroyListenerTest {
+    @Mock lateinit var sharedLog: SharedLog
+    val handlerThread = HandlerThread("SkDestroyListenerTest")
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+        handlerThread.start()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDump() {
+        doReturn(sharedLog).`when`(sharedLog).forSubComponent(any())
+
+        val handler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
+        val skDestroylistener = SkDestroyListener(null /* cookieTagMap */, handler, sharedLog)
+        val pw = PrintWriter(System.out)
+        skDestroylistener.dump(pw)
+
+        verify(sharedLog).reverseDump(pw)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f762d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net
+
+import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.time.Clock
+import java.util.function.Supplier
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.Mockito.`when`
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest {
+    companion object {
+        private const val expiryDurationMs = 1000L
+        private const val maxSize = 2
+    }
+
+    private val clock = mock(Clock::class.java)
+    private val entry = mock(Entry::class.java)
+    private val cache = TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(clock, expiryDurationMs, maxSize)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGet_returnsEntryIfNotExpired() {
+        cache.put("iface", 2, entry)
+        doReturn(500L).`when`(clock).millis() // Set clock to before expiry
+        val result = cache.get("iface", 2)
+        assertEquals(entry, result)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGet_returnsNullIfExpired() {
+        cache.put("iface", 2, entry)
+        doReturn(2000L).`when`(clock).millis() // Set clock to after expiry
+        assertNull(cache.get("iface", 2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGet_returnsNullForNonExistentKey() {
+        val result = cache.get("otherIface", 99)
+        assertNull(result)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutAndGet_retrievesCorrectEntryForDifferentKeys() {
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry2 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
+        cache.put("iface2", 4, entry2)
+
+        assertEquals(entry1, cache.get("iface1", 2))
+        assertEquals(entry2, cache.get("iface2", 4))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPut_overridesExistingEntry() {
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry2 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface", 2, entry1)
+        cache.put("iface", 2, entry2) // Put with the same key
+
+        assertEquals(entry2, cache.get("iface", 2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPut_removeLru() {
+        // Assumes max size is 2. Verify eldest entry get removed.
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry2 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry3 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
+        cache.put("iface2", 4, entry2)
+        cache.put("iface3", 8, entry3)
+
+        assertNull(cache.get("iface1", 2))
+        assertEquals(entry2, cache.get("iface2", 4))
+        assertEquals(entry3, cache.get("iface3", 8))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetOrCompute_cacheHit() {
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
+
+        // Set clock to before expiry.
+        doReturn(500L).`when`(clock).millis()
+
+        // Now call getOrCompute
+        val result = cache.getOrCompute("iface1", 2) {
+            fail("Supplier should not be called")
+        }
+
+        // Assertions
+        assertEquals(entry1, result) // Should get the cached entry.
+    }
+
+    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+    @Test
+    fun testGetOrCompute_cacheMiss() {
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
+
+        // Set clock to after expiry.
+        doReturn(1500L).`when`(clock).millis()
+
+        // Mock the supplier to return our network stats entry.
+        val supplier = mock(Supplier::class.java) as Supplier<Entry>
+        doReturn(entry1).`when`(supplier).get()
+
+        // Now call getOrCompute.
+        val result = cache.getOrCompute("iface1", 2, supplier)
+
+        // Assertions.
+        assertEquals(entry1, result) // Should get the cached entry.
+        verify(supplier).get()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testClear() {
+        cache.put("iface", 2, entry)
+        cache.clear()
+        assertNull(cache.get("iface", 2))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
index 616da81..57a157d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/vpn-jarjar-rules.txt b/tests/unit/vpn-jarjar-rules.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a6bddc..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/vpn-jarjar-rules.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-# Only keep classes imported by ConnectivityServiceTest
-keep com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn
-keep com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore
-keep com.android.server.net.LockdownVpnTracker
diff --git a/thread/TEST_MAPPING b/thread/TEST_MAPPING
index 3eaebfa..34d67bb 100644
--- a/thread/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/thread/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -2,6 +2,17 @@
   "presubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsThreadNetworkTestCases"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ThreadNetworkUnitTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ThreadNetworkIntegrationTests"
+    }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "ThreadNetworkMultiDeviceTests"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/thread/apex/Android.bp b/thread/apex/Android.bp
index 28854f2..edf000a 100644
--- a/thread/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/apex/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
diff --git a/thread/apex/ot-daemon.34rc b/thread/apex/ot-daemon.34rc
index 1eb1294..86f6b69 100644
--- a/thread/apex/ot-daemon.34rc
+++ b/thread/apex/ot-daemon.34rc
@@ -21,4 +21,5 @@
     user thread_network
     group thread_network inet system
     seclabel u:r:ot_daemon:s0
+    socket ot-daemon/thread-wpan.sock stream 0660 thread_network thread_network
     override
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/Android.bp b/thread/demoapp/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..117b4f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_app {
+    name: "ThreadNetworkDemoApp",
+    srcs: ["java/**/*.java"],
+    min_sdk_version: "34",
+    resource_dirs: ["res"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx-constraintlayout_constraintlayout",
+        "androidx.appcompat_appcompat",
+        "androidx.navigation_navigation-common",
+        "androidx.navigation_navigation-fragment",
+        "androidx.navigation_navigation-ui",
+        "com.google.android.material_material",
+        "guava",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity-t",
+    ],
+    required: [
+        "privapp-permissions-com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp",
+    ],
+    system_ext_specific: true,
+    certificate: "platform",
+    privileged: true,
+    platform_apis: true,
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "privapp-permissions-com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp",
+    src: "privapp-permissions-com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp.xml",
+    sub_dir: "permissions",
+    filename_from_src: true,
+    system_ext_specific: true,
+}
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/AndroidManifest.xml b/thread/demoapp/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c31bb71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp">
+
+    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="34" android:targetSdkVersion="35"/>
+    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.threadnetwork" android:required="true" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED" />
+
+    <application
+        android:label="ThreadNetworkDemoApp"
+        android:theme="@style/Theme.ThreadNetworkDemoApp"
+        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
+        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
+        android:testOnly="true">
+        <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+    </application>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ConnectivityToolsFragment.java b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ConnectivityToolsFragment.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f616eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ConnectivityToolsFragment.java
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp;
+
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.view.LayoutInflater;
+import android.view.View;
+import android.view.ViewGroup;
+import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
+import android.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;
+import android.widget.Button;
+import android.widget.TextView;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
+import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
+
+import com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp.concurrent.BackgroundExecutorProvider;
+
+import com.google.android.material.switchmaterial.SwitchMaterial;
+import com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText;
+import com.google.common.io.CharStreams;
+import com.google.common.net.InetAddresses;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FluentFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningScheduledExecutorService;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public final class ConnectivityToolsFragment extends Fragment {
+    private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityTools";
+
+    // This is a mirror of NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK which is @hide for now
+    private static final int NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK = 36;
+
+    private static final Duration PING_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(10L);
+    private static final Duration UDP_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(10L);
+    private final ListeningScheduledExecutorService mBackgroundExecutor =
+            BackgroundExecutorProvider.getBackgroundExecutor();
+    private final ArrayList<String> mServerIpCandidates = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final ArrayList<String> mServerPortCandidates = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Executor mMainExecutor;
+
+    private ListenableFuture<String> mPingFuture;
+    private ListenableFuture<String> mUdpFuture;
+    private ArrayAdapter<String> mPingServerIpAdapter;
+    private ArrayAdapter<String> mUdpServerIpAdapter;
+    private ArrayAdapter<String> mUdpServerPortAdapter;
+
+    private Network mThreadNetwork;
+    private boolean mBindThreadNetwork = false;
+
+    private void subscribeToThreadNetwork() {
+        ConnectivityManager cm = getActivity().getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(),
+                new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                        mThreadNetwork = network;
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onLost(Network network) {
+                        mThreadNetwork = network;
+                    }
+                },
+                new Handler(Looper.myLooper()));
+    }
+
+    private static String getPingCommand(String serverIp) {
+        try {
+            InetAddress serverAddress = InetAddresses.forString(serverIp);
+            return (serverAddress instanceof Inet6Address)
+                    ? "/system/bin/ping6"
+                    : "/system/bin/ping";
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            // The ping command can handle the illegal argument and output error message
+            return "/system/bin/ping6";
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public View onCreateView(
+            LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.connectivity_tools_fragment, container, false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
+
+        mMainExecutor = ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(getActivity());
+
+        subscribeToThreadNetwork();
+
+        AutoCompleteTextView pingServerIpText = view.findViewById(R.id.ping_server_ip_address_text);
+        mPingServerIpAdapter =
+                new ArrayAdapter<String>(
+                        getActivity(), R.layout.list_server_ip_address_view, mServerIpCandidates);
+        pingServerIpText.setAdapter(mPingServerIpAdapter);
+        TextView pingOutputText = view.findViewById(R.id.ping_output_text);
+        Button pingButton = view.findViewById(R.id.ping_button);
+
+        pingButton.setOnClickListener(
+                v -> {
+                    if (mPingFuture != null) {
+                        mPingFuture.cancel(/* mayInterruptIfRunning= */ true);
+                        mPingFuture = null;
+                    }
+
+                    String serverIp = pingServerIpText.getText().toString().strip();
+                    updateServerIpCandidates(serverIp);
+                    pingOutputText.setText("Sending ping message to " + serverIp + "\n");
+
+                    mPingFuture = sendPing(serverIp);
+                    Futures.addCallback(
+                            mPingFuture,
+                            new FutureCallback<String>() {
+                                @Override
+                                public void onSuccess(String result) {
+                                    pingOutputText.append(result + "\n");
+                                }
+
+                                @Override
+                                public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
+                                    if (t instanceof CancellationException) {
+                                        // Ignore the cancellation error
+                                        return;
+                                    }
+                                    pingOutputText.append("Failed: " + t.getMessage() + "\n");
+                                }
+                            },
+                            mMainExecutor);
+                });
+
+        AutoCompleteTextView udpServerIpText = view.findViewById(R.id.udp_server_ip_address_text);
+        mUdpServerIpAdapter =
+                new ArrayAdapter<String>(
+                        getActivity(), R.layout.list_server_ip_address_view, mServerIpCandidates);
+        udpServerIpText.setAdapter(mUdpServerIpAdapter);
+        AutoCompleteTextView udpServerPortText = view.findViewById(R.id.udp_server_port_text);
+        mUdpServerPortAdapter =
+                new ArrayAdapter<String>(
+                        getActivity(), R.layout.list_server_port_view, mServerPortCandidates);
+        udpServerPortText.setAdapter(mUdpServerPortAdapter);
+        TextInputEditText udpMsgText = view.findViewById(R.id.udp_message_text);
+        TextView udpOutputText = view.findViewById(R.id.udp_output_text);
+
+        SwitchMaterial switchBindThreadNetwork = view.findViewById(R.id.switch_bind_thread_network);
+        switchBindThreadNetwork.setChecked(mBindThreadNetwork);
+        switchBindThreadNetwork.setOnCheckedChangeListener(
+                (buttonView, isChecked) -> {
+                    if (isChecked) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "Binding to the Thread network");
+
+                        if (mThreadNetwork == null) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Thread network is not available");
+                            Toast.makeText(
+                                    getActivity().getApplicationContext(),
+                                    "Thread network is not available",
+                                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
+                            switchBindThreadNetwork.setChecked(false);
+                        } else {
+                            mBindThreadNetwork = true;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        mBindThreadNetwork = false;
+                    }
+                });
+
+        Button sendUdpButton = view.findViewById(R.id.send_udp_button);
+        sendUdpButton.setOnClickListener(
+                v -> {
+                    if (mUdpFuture != null) {
+                        mUdpFuture.cancel(/* mayInterruptIfRunning= */ true);
+                        mUdpFuture = null;
+                    }
+
+                    String serverIp = udpServerIpText.getText().toString().strip();
+                    String serverPort = udpServerPortText.getText().toString().strip();
+                    String udpMsg = udpMsgText.getText().toString().strip();
+                    updateServerIpCandidates(serverIp);
+                    updateServerPortCandidates(serverPort);
+                    udpOutputText.setText(
+                            String.format(
+                                    "Sending UDP message \"%s\" to [%s]:%s",
+                                    udpMsg, serverIp, serverPort));
+
+                    mUdpFuture = sendUdpMessage(serverIp, serverPort, udpMsg);
+                    Futures.addCallback(
+                            mUdpFuture,
+                            new FutureCallback<String>() {
+                                @Override
+                                public void onSuccess(String result) {
+                                    udpOutputText.append("\n" + result);
+                                }
+
+                                @Override
+                                public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
+                                    if (t instanceof CancellationException) {
+                                        // Ignore the cancellation error
+                                        return;
+                                    }
+                                    udpOutputText.append("\nFailed: " + t.getMessage());
+                                }
+                            },
+                            mMainExecutor);
+                });
+    }
+
+    private void updateServerIpCandidates(String newServerIp) {
+        if (!mServerIpCandidates.contains(newServerIp)) {
+            mServerIpCandidates.add(0, newServerIp);
+            mPingServerIpAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
+            mUdpServerIpAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateServerPortCandidates(String newServerPort) {
+        if (!mServerPortCandidates.contains(newServerPort)) {
+            mServerPortCandidates.add(0, newServerPort);
+            mUdpServerPortAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ListenableFuture<String> sendPing(String serverIp) {
+        return FluentFuture.from(Futures.submit(() -> doSendPing(serverIp), mBackgroundExecutor))
+                .withTimeout(PING_TIMEOUT.getSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS, mBackgroundExecutor);
+    }
+
+    private String doSendPing(String serverIp) throws IOException {
+        String pingCommand = getPingCommand(serverIp);
+        Process process =
+                new ProcessBuilder()
+                        .command(pingCommand, "-c 1", serverIp)
+                        .redirectErrorStream(true)
+                        .start();
+
+        return CharStreams.toString(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
+    }
+
+    private ListenableFuture<String> sendUdpMessage(
+            String serverIp, String serverPort, String msg) {
+        return FluentFuture.from(
+                        Futures.submit(
+                                () -> doSendUdpMessage(serverIp, serverPort, msg),
+                                mBackgroundExecutor))
+                .withTimeout(UDP_TIMEOUT.getSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS, mBackgroundExecutor);
+    }
+
+    private String doSendUdpMessage(String serverIp, String serverPort, String msg)
+            throws IOException {
+        SocketAddress serverAddr = new InetSocketAddress(serverIp, Integer.parseInt(serverPort));
+
+        try (DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket()) {
+            if (mBindThreadNetwork && mThreadNetwork != null) {
+                mThreadNetwork.bindSocket(socket);
+                Log.i(TAG, "Successfully bind the socket to the Thread network");
+            }
+
+            socket.connect(serverAddr);
+            Log.d(TAG, "connected " + serverAddr);
+
+            byte[] msgBytes = msg.getBytes();
+            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msgBytes, msgBytes.length);
+
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format("Sending message to server %s: %s", serverAddr, msg));
+            socket.send(packet);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Send done");
+
+            Log.d(TAG, "Waiting for server reply");
+            socket.receive(packet);
+            return new String(packet.getData(), packet.getOffset(), packet.getLength(), UTF_8);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/MainActivity.java b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/MainActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef97a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/MainActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp;
+
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+
+import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
+import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
+import androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout;
+import androidx.navigation.NavController;
+import androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment;
+import androidx.navigation.ui.AppBarConfiguration;
+import androidx.navigation.ui.NavigationUI;
+
+import com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView;
+
+public final class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+        setContentView(R.layout.main_activity);
+
+        NavHostFragment navHostFragment =
+                (NavHostFragment)
+                        getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.nav_host_fragment);
+
+        NavController navController = navHostFragment.getNavController();
+
+        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
+        Toolbar topAppBar = findViewById(R.id.top_app_bar);
+        AppBarConfiguration appBarConfig =
+                new AppBarConfiguration.Builder(navController.getGraph())
+                        .setOpenableLayout(drawerLayout)
+                        .build();
+
+        NavigationUI.setupWithNavController(topAppBar, navController, appBarConfig);
+
+        NavigationView navView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
+        NavigationUI.setupWithNavController(navView, navController);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onActivityResult(int request, int result, Intent data) {
+        super.onActivityResult(request, result, data);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.java b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e95feaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.java
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
+import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.view.LayoutInflater;
+import android.view.View;
+import android.view.ViewGroup;
+import android.widget.Button;
+import android.widget.TextView;
+
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
+import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+public final class ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment extends Fragment {
+    private static final String TAG = "ThreadNetworkSettings";
+
+    // This is a mirror of NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK which is @hide for now
+    private static final int NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK = 36;
+
+    private ThreadNetworkController mThreadController;
+    private TextView mTextState;
+    private TextView mTextNetworkInfo;
+    private TextView mMigrateNetworkState;
+    private Executor mMainExecutor;
+
+    private int mDeviceRole;
+    private long mPartitionId;
+    private ActiveOperationalDataset mActiveDataset;
+
+    private static final byte[] DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS =
+            base16().lowerCase()
+                    .decode(
+                            "0e080000000000010000000300001235060004001fffe00208dae21bccb8c321c40708fdc376ead74396bb0510c52f56cd2d38a9eb7a716954f8efd939030f4f70656e5468726561642d646231390102db190410fcb737e6fd6bb1b0fed524a4496363110c0402a0f7f8");
+    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET =
+            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS);
+
+    private static String deviceRoleToString(int mDeviceRole) {
+        switch (mDeviceRole) {
+            case ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED:
+                return "Stopped";
+            case ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED:
+                return "Detached";
+            case ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD:
+                return "Child";
+            case ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_ROUTER:
+                return "Router";
+            case ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER:
+                return "Leader";
+            default:
+                return "Unknown";
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public View onCreateView(
+            LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.thread_network_settings_fragment, container, false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
+
+        ConnectivityManager cm = getActivity().getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(),
+                new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "New Thread network is available");
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(
+                            Network network, LinkProperties linkProperties) {
+                        updateNetworkInfo(linkProperties);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onLost(Network network) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "Thread network " + network + " is lost");
+                        updateNetworkInfo(null /* linkProperties */);
+                    }
+                },
+                new Handler(Looper.myLooper()));
+
+        mMainExecutor = ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(getActivity());
+        ThreadNetworkManager threadManager =
+                getActivity().getSystemService(ThreadNetworkManager.class);
+        if (threadManager != null) {
+            mThreadController = threadManager.getAllThreadNetworkControllers().get(0);
+            mThreadController.registerStateCallback(
+                    mMainExecutor,
+                    new ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onDeviceRoleChanged(int mDeviceRole) {
+                            ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.this.mDeviceRole = mDeviceRole;
+                            updateState();
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void onPartitionIdChanged(long mPartitionId) {
+                            ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.this.mPartitionId = mPartitionId;
+                            updateState();
+                        }
+                    });
+            mThreadController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(
+                    mMainExecutor,
+                    newActiveDataset -> {
+                        this.mActiveDataset = newActiveDataset;
+                        updateState();
+                    });
+        }
+
+        mTextState = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text_state);
+        mTextNetworkInfo = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text_network_info);
+
+        if (mThreadController == null) {
+            mTextState.setText("Thread not supported!");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ((Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button_join_network)).setOnClickListener(v -> doJoin());
+        ((Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button_leave_network)).setOnClickListener(v -> doLeave());
+
+        mMigrateNetworkState = view.findViewById(R.id.text_migrate_network_state);
+        ((Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button_migrate_network))
+                .setOnClickListener(v -> doMigration());
+
+        updateState();
+    }
+
+    private void doJoin() {
+        mThreadController.join(
+                DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET,
+                mMainExecutor,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException error) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to join network " + DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET, error);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void v) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "Successfully Joined");
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    private void doLeave() {
+        mThreadController.leave(
+                mMainExecutor,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException error) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to leave network " + DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET, error);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void v) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "Successfully Left");
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    private void doMigration() {
+        var newActiveDataset =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET)
+                        .setNetworkName("NewThreadNet")
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now()))
+                        .build();
+        var pendingDataset =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        newActiveDataset,
+                        OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now()),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        mThreadController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset,
+                mMainExecutor,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void v) {
+                        mMigrateNetworkState.setText(
+                                "Scheduled migration to network \"NewThreadNet\" in 30s");
+                        // TODO: update Pending Dataset state
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                        mMigrateNetworkState.setText(
+                                "Failed to schedule migration: " + e.getMessage());
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    private void updateState() {
+        Log.i(
+                TAG,
+                String.format(
+                        "Updating Thread states (mDeviceRole: %s)",
+                        deviceRoleToString(mDeviceRole)));
+
+        String state =
+                String.format(
+                        "Role             %s\n"
+                                + "Partition ID     %d\n"
+                                + "Network Name     %s\n"
+                                + "Extended PAN ID  %s",
+                        deviceRoleToString(mDeviceRole),
+                        mPartitionId,
+                        mActiveDataset != null ? mActiveDataset.getNetworkName() : null,
+                        mActiveDataset != null
+                                ? base16().encode(mActiveDataset.getExtendedPanId())
+                                : null);
+        mTextState.setText(state);
+    }
+
+    private void updateNetworkInfo(LinkProperties linProperties) {
+        if (linProperties == null) {
+            mTextNetworkInfo.setText("");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Interface name:\n");
+        sb.append(linProperties.getInterfaceName() + "\n");
+        sb.append("Addresses:\n");
+        for (LinkAddress la : linProperties.getLinkAddresses()) {
+            sb.append(la + "\n");
+        }
+        sb.append("Routes:\n");
+        for (RouteInfo route : linProperties.getRoutes()) {
+            sb.append(route + "\n");
+        }
+        mTextNetworkInfo.setText(sb.toString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/concurrent/BackgroundExecutorProvider.java b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/concurrent/BackgroundExecutorProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d05ba73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/concurrent/BackgroundExecutorProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp.concurrent;
+
+import androidx.annotation.GuardedBy;
+
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningScheduledExecutorService;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+/** Provides executors for executing tasks in background. */
+public final class BackgroundExecutorProvider {
+    private static final int CONCURRENCY = 4;
+
+    @GuardedBy("BackgroundExecutorProvider.class")
+    private static ListeningScheduledExecutorService backgroundExecutor;
+
+    private BackgroundExecutorProvider() {}
+
+    public static synchronized ListeningScheduledExecutorService getBackgroundExecutor() {
+        if (backgroundExecutor == null) {
+            backgroundExecutor =
+                    MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(
+                            Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(/* maxConcurrency= */ CONCURRENCY));
+        }
+        return backgroundExecutor;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/privapp-permissions-com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp.xml b/thread/demoapp/privapp-permissions-com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1995e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/privapp-permissions-com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<!-- The privileged permissions needed by the com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp app. -->
+<permissions>
+    <privapp-permissions package="com.android.threadnetwork.demoapp">
+        <permission name="android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED" />
+    </privapp-permissions>
+</permissions>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dd8163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<vector
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:width="108dp"
+    android:height="108dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="108"
+    android:viewportHeight="108">
+  <group android:scaleX="0.0612"
+      android:scaleY="0.0612"
+      android:translateX="23.4"
+      android:translateY="23.683332">
+    <path
+        android:pathData="M0,0h1000v1000h-1000z"
+        android:fillColor="#00FFCEC7"/>
+    <path
+        android:pathData="m630.6,954.5l-113.5,0l0,-567.2l-170.5,0c-50.6,0 -92,41.2 -92,91.9c0,50.6 41.4,91.8 92,91.8l0,113.5c-113.3,0 -205.5,-92.1 -205.5,-205.4c0,-113.3 92.2,-205.5 205.5,-205.5l170.5,0l0,-57.5c0,-94.2 76.7,-171 171.1,-171c94.2,0 170.8,76.7 170.8,171c0,94.2 -76.6,171 -170.8,171l-57.6,0l0,567.2zM630.6,273.9l57.6,0c31.7,0 57.3,-25.8 57.3,-57.5c0,-31.7 -25.7,-57.5 -57.3,-57.5c-31.8,0 -57.6,25.8 -57.6,57.5l0,57.5z"
+        android:strokeLineJoin="miter"
+        android:strokeWidth="0"
+        android:fillColor="#000000"
+        android:fillType="nonZero"
+        android:strokeColor="#00000000"
+        android:strokeLineCap="butt"/>
+  </group>
+</vector>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_menu_24dp.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_menu_24dp.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a4cf80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_menu_24dp.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+        android:width="24.0dp"
+        android:height="24.0dp"
+        android:viewportWidth="24.0"
+        android:viewportHeight="24.0"
+        android:tint="?android:attr/colorControlNormal">
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#FFFFFFFF"
+        android:pathData="M3.0,18.0l18.0,0.0l0.0,-2.0L3.0,16.0l0.0,2.0zm0.0,-5.0l18.0,0.0l0.0,-2.0L3.0,11.0l0.0,2.0zm0.0,-7.0l0.0,2.0l18.0,0.0L21.0,6.0L3.0,6.0z"/>
+</vector>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_thread_wordmark.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_thread_wordmark.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..babaf54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/drawable/ic_thread_wordmark.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:width="167dp"
+    android:height="31dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="167"
+    android:viewportHeight="31">
+  <path
+      android:pathData="m32.413,7.977 l3.806,0 0,9.561 11.48,0 0,-9.561 3.837,0 0,22.957 -3.837,0 0,-9.558 -11.48,0 0,9.558 -3.806,0 0,-22.957z"
+      android:fillColor="#ffffff"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="m76.761,30.934 l-4.432,-7.641 -6.483,0 0,7.641 -3.807,0 0,-22.957 11.48,0c2.095,0 3.894,0.75 5.392,2.246 1.501,1.504 2.249,3.298 2.249,5.392 0,1.591 -0.453,3.034 -1.356,4.335 -0.885,1.279 -2.006,2.193 -3.376,2.747l4.732,8.236 -4.4,0zM73.519,11.812l-7.673,0 0,7.645 7.673,0c1.034,0 1.928,-0.379 2.678,-1.124 0.75,-0.752 1.126,-1.657 1.126,-2.717 0,-1.034 -0.376,-1.926 -1.126,-2.678C75.448,12.188 74.554,11.812 73.519,11.812Z"
+      android:fillColor="#ffffff"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="m106.945,7.977 l0,3.835 -11.478,0 0,5.757 11.478,0 0,3.807 -11.478,0 0,5.722 11.478,0 0,3.836 -15.277,0 0,-22.957 15.277,0z"
+      android:fillColor="#ffffff"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="m132.325,27.08 l-10.586,0 -1.958,3.854 -4.283,0 11.517,-23.519 11.522,23.519 -4.283,0 -1.928,-3.854zM123.627,23.267 L130.404,23.267 127.014,16.013 123.627,23.267z"
+      android:fillColor="#ffffff"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="m146.606,7.977 l7.638,0c1.569,0 3.044,0.304 4.436,0.907 1.387,0.609 2.608,1.437 3.656,2.485 1.047,1.047 1.869,2.266 2.479,3.653 0.609,1.391 0.909,2.866 0.909,4.435 0,1.563 -0.299,3.041 -0.909,4.432 -0.61,1.391 -1.425,2.608 -2.464,3.654 -1.037,1.05 -2.256,1.874 -3.656,2.48 -1.401,0.607 -2.882,0.91 -4.451,0.91l-7.638,0 0,-22.956zM154.244,27.098c1.06,0 2.054,-0.199 2.978,-0.599 0.925,-0.394 1.737,-0.945 2.432,-1.654 0.696,-0.702 1.241,-1.521 1.638,-2.446 0.397,-0.925 0.597,-1.907 0.597,-2.942 0,-1.037 -0.201,-2.02 -0.597,-2.948 -0.397,-0.925 -0.946,-1.737 -1.651,-2.447 -0.709,-0.703 -1.524,-1.256 -2.45,-1.653 -0.925,-0.397 -1.907,-0.597 -2.948,-0.597l-3.834,0 0,15.286 3.834,0z"
+      android:fillColor="#ffffff"/>
+  <path
+      android:pathData="m16.491,30.934 l-3.828,0 0,-19.128 -5.749,0c-1.705,0 -3.102,1.391 -3.102,3.1 0,1.706 1.397,3.097 3.102,3.097l0,3.83c-3.821,0 -6.931,-3.106 -6.931,-6.926 0,-3.822 3.111,-6.929 6.931,-6.929l5.749,0 0,-1.938c0,-3.179 2.587,-5.766 5.77,-5.766 3.175,0 5.76,2.588 5.76,5.766 0,3.179 -2.584,5.766 -5.76,5.766l-1.942,0 0,19.128zM16.491,7.977 L18.433,7.977c1.069,0 1.934,-0.869 1.934,-1.938 0,-1.069 -0.865,-1.938 -1.934,-1.938 -1.072,0 -1.942,0.869 -1.942,1.938l0,1.938z"
+      android:fillColor="#ffffff"/>
+</vector>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/connectivity_tools_fragment.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/connectivity_tools_fragment.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1aa0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/connectivity_tools_fragment.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<ScrollView
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    tools:context=".ConnectivityToolsFragment" >
+
+<LinearLayout
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    android:padding="8dp"
+    android:paddingBottom="16dp"
+    android:orientation="vertical">
+
+    <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
+        android:id="@+id/ping_server_ip_address_layout"
+        style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox.ExposedDropdownMenu"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:hint="Server IP Address">
+        <AutoCompleteTextView
+            android:id="@+id/ping_server_ip_address_text"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="fdde:ad00:beef::ff:fe00:7400"
+            android:textSize="14sp"/>
+    </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>
+
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/ping_button"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:text="Ping"
+        android:textSize="20dp"/>
+
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/ping_output_text"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:scrollbars="vertical"
+        android:textIsSelectable="true"/>
+
+    <LinearLayout
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
+        android:orientation="horizontal" >
+
+        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
+            android:id="@+id/udp_server_ip_address_layout"
+            style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox.ExposedDropdownMenu"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:hint="Server IP Address">
+            <AutoCompleteTextView
+                android:id="@+id/udp_server_ip_address_text"
+                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:text="fdde:ad00:beef::ff:fe00:7400"
+                android:textSize="14sp"/>
+        </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>
+
+        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
+            android:id="@+id/udp_server_port_layout"
+            style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox.ExposedDropdownMenu"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_marginLeft="2dp"
+            android:hint="Server Port">
+            <AutoCompleteTextView
+                android:id="@+id/udp_server_port_text"
+                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:inputType="number"
+                android:text="12345"
+                android:textSize="14sp"/>
+        </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>
+    </LinearLayout>
+
+    <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
+        android:id="@+id/udp_message_layout"
+        style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:hint="UDP Message">
+        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
+            android:id="@+id/udp_message_text"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="Hello Thread!"
+            android:textSize="14sp"/>
+    </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>
+
+    <com.google.android.material.switchmaterial.SwitchMaterial
+        android:id="@+id/switch_bind_thread_network"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:checked="true"
+        android:text="Bind to Thread network" />
+
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/send_udp_button"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:text="Send UDP Message"
+        android:textSize="20dp"/>
+
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/udp_output_text"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:scrollbars="vertical"
+        android:textIsSelectable="true"/>
+</LinearLayout>
+</ScrollView>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/list_server_ip_address_view.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/list_server_ip_address_view.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a8f02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/list_server_ip_address_view.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<TextView
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+    android:padding="8dp"
+    android:ellipsize="end"
+    android:maxLines="1"
+    android:textAppearance="?attr/textAppearanceBody2"
+    />
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/list_server_port_view.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/list_server_port_view.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a8f02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/list_server_port_view.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<TextView
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+    android:padding="8dp"
+    android:ellipsize="end"
+    android:maxLines="1"
+    android:textAppearance="?attr/textAppearanceBody2"
+    />
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/main_activity.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/main_activity.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12072e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/main_activity.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    tools:context=".MainActivity">
+
+    <LinearLayout
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="match_parent"
+        android:orientation="vertical">
+
+        <com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
+            android:layout_width="match_parent"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content">
+
+            <com.google.android.material.appbar.MaterialToolbar
+                android:id="@+id/top_app_bar"
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_menu_24dp" />
+
+        </com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>
+
+        <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
+            android:id="@+id/nav_host_fragment"
+            android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
+            android:layout_width="match_parent"
+            android:layout_height="match_parent"
+            app:defaultNavHost="true"
+            app:navGraph="@navigation/nav_graph" />
+
+    </LinearLayout>
+
+    <com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
+        android:id="@+id/nav_view"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="match_parent"
+        android:padding="16dp"
+        android:layout_gravity="start"
+        android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
+        app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"
+        app:menu="@menu/nav_menu" />
+
+</androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/nav_header.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/nav_header.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b91fb9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/nav_header.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+    android:gravity="bottom"
+    android:orientation="vertical" >
+
+  <ImageView
+      android:id="@+id/nav_header_image"
+      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+      android:paddingTop="@dimen/nav_header_vertical_spacing"
+      android:src="@drawable/ic_thread_wordmark" />
+</LinearLayout>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/thread_network_settings_fragment.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/thread_network_settings_fragment.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cae46a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/thread_network_settings_fragment.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<LinearLayout
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    android:padding="8dp"
+    android:orientation="vertical"
+    tools:context=".ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment" >
+
+    <Button android:id="@+id/button_join_network"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="Join Network" />
+    <Button android:id="@+id/button_leave_network"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="Leave Network" />
+
+    <TextView
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:textSize="16dp"
+        android:textStyle="bold"
+        android:text="State" />
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_state"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:textSize="12dp"
+        android:typeface="monospace" />
+
+    <TextView
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
+        android:textSize="16dp"
+        android:textStyle="bold"
+        android:text="Network Info" />
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_network_info"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:textSize="12dp" />
+
+    <Button android:id="@+id/button_migrate_network"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="Migrate Network" />
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_migrate_network_state"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:textSize="12dp" />
+</LinearLayout>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/menu/nav_menu.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/menu/nav_menu.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d036c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/menu/nav_menu.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <item
+        android:id="@+id/thread_network_settings"
+        android:title="Thread Network Settings" />
+    <item
+        android:id="@+id/connectivity_tools"
+        android:title="Connectivity Tools" />
+</menu>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b111e91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
+    <background android:drawable="@color/white"/>
+    <foreground android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground"/>
+</adaptive-icon>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher_round.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher_round.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b111e91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher_round.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
+    <background android:drawable="@color/white"/>
+    <foreground android:drawable="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground"/>
+</adaptive-icon>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94e778f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..074a671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..674e51f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e35c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ee5d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78a3b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffb6261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80fa037
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ca1bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fd92e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/navigation/nav_graph.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/navigation/nav_graph.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..472d1bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/navigation/nav_graph.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+            xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+            xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+            android:id="@+id/nav_graph"
+            app:startDestination="@+id/thread_network_settings" >
+    <fragment
+        android:id="@+id/thread_network_settings"
+        android:name=".ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment"
+        android:label="Thread Network Settings"
+        tools:layout="@layout/thread_network_settings_fragment">
+    </fragment>
+
+    <fragment
+        android:id="@+id/connectivity_tools"
+        android:name=".ConnectivityToolsFragment"
+        android:label="Connectivity Tools"
+        tools:layout="@layout/connectivity_tools_fragment">
+    </fragment>
+</navigation>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/values/colors.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/values/colors.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a65937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/values/colors.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<resources>
+    <color name="purple_200">#FFBB86FC</color>
+    <color name="purple_500">#FF6200EE</color>
+    <color name="purple_700">#FF3700B3</color>
+    <color name="teal_200">#FF03DAC5</color>
+    <color name="teal_700">#FF018786</color>
+    <color name="black">#FF000000</color>
+    <color name="white">#FFFFFFFF</color>
+</resources>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/values/dimens.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/values/dimens.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5165951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/values/dimens.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<resources>
+  <!-- Default screen margins, per the Android Design guidelines. -->
+  <dimen name="activity_horizontal_margin">16dp</dimen>
+  <dimen name="activity_vertical_margin">16dp</dimen>
+  <dimen name="nav_header_vertical_spacing">8dp</dimen>
+  <dimen name="nav_header_height">176dp</dimen>
+  <dimen name="fab_margin">16dp</dimen>
+</resources>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/values/themes.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/values/themes.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cb3403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/values/themes.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<resources xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
+    <!-- Base application theme. -->
+    <style name="Theme.ThreadNetworkDemoApp" parent="Theme.MaterialComponents.DayNight.NoActionBar">
+        <!-- Primary brand color. -->
+        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/purple_500</item>
+        <item name="colorPrimaryVariant">@color/purple_700</item>
+        <item name="colorOnPrimary">@color/white</item>
+        <!-- Secondary brand color. -->
+        <item name="colorSecondary">@color/teal_200</item>
+        <item name="colorSecondaryVariant">@color/teal_700</item>
+        <item name="colorOnSecondary">@color/black</item>
+        <!-- Status bar color. -->
+        <item name="android:statusBarColor" tools:targetApi="l">?attr/colorPrimaryVariant</item>
+        <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
+    </style>
+</resources>
diff --git a/thread/framework/Android.bp b/thread/framework/Android.bp
index cc598d8..f8fe422 100644
--- a/thread/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/framework/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -29,3 +30,14 @@
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
     ],
 }
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-thread-ot-daemon-shared-aidl-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "java/android/net/thread/ChannelMaxPower.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "java",
+    visibility: [
+        "//external/ot-br-posix:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDataset.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDataset.java
index c9b047a..22457f5 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDataset.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDataset.java
@@ -16,11 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.net.thread;
 
-import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy.DEFAULT_ROTATION_TIME_HOURS;
-
 import static com.android.internal.util.Preconditions.checkArgument;
 import static com.android.internal.util.Preconditions.checkState;
-import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.dumpHexString;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.toHexString;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
@@ -41,26 +39,25 @@
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-import java.security.SecureRandom;
-import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Random;
 
 /**
  * Data interface for managing a Thread Active Operational Dataset.
  *
- * <p>An example usage of creating an Active Operational Dataset with random parameters:
+ * <p>An example usage of creating an Active Operational Dataset with randomized parameters:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
- * ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset();
+ * ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = controller.createRandomizedDataset("MyNet");
  * }</pre>
  *
- * <p>or random Dataset with customized Network Name:
+ * <p>or randomized Dataset with customized channel:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
  * ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset =
- *         new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
- *                 .setNetworkName("MyThreadNet").build();
+ *         new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(controller.createRandomizedDataset("MyNet"))
+ *                 .setChannel(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ, 17)
+ *                 .setActiveTimestamp(OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now()))
+ *                 .build();
  * }</pre>
  *
  * <p>If the Active Operational Dataset is already known as <a
@@ -77,46 +74,67 @@
 public final class ActiveOperationalDataset implements Parcelable {
     /** The maximum length of the Active Operational Dataset TLV array in bytes. */
     public static final int LENGTH_MAX_DATASET_TLVS = 254;
+
     /** The length of Extended PAN ID in bytes. */
     public static final int LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID = 8;
+
     /** The minimum length of Network Name as UTF-8 bytes. */
     public static final int LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES = 1;
+
     /** The maximum length of Network Name as UTF-8 bytes. */
     public static final int LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES = 16;
+
     /** The length of Network Key in bytes. */
     public static final int LENGTH_NETWORK_KEY = 16;
+
     /** The length of Mesh-Local Prefix in bits. */
     public static final int LENGTH_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_BITS = 64;
+
     /** The length of PSKc in bytes. */
     public static final int LENGTH_PSKC = 16;
+
     /** The 2.4 GHz channel page. */
     public static final int CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ = 0;
+
     /** The minimum 2.4GHz channel. */
     public static final int CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ = 11;
+
     /** The maximum 2.4GHz channel. */
     public static final int CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ = 26;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_CHANNEL = 0;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_PAN_ID = 1;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_EXTENDED_PAN_ID = 2;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_NETWORK_NAME = 3;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_PSKC = 4;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_NETWORK_KEY = 5;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX = 7;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_SECURITY_POLICY = 12;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP = 14;
+
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting public static final int TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK = 53;
 
-    private static final byte MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_FIRST_BYTE = (byte) 0xfd;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final byte MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_FIRST_BYTE = (byte) 0xfd;
+
     private static final int LENGTH_CHANNEL = 3;
     private static final int LENGTH_PAN_ID = 2;
 
@@ -344,86 +362,6 @@
         outputStream.write(entries, 0, entries.length);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Creates a new {@link ActiveOperationalDataset} object with randomized or default parameters.
-     *
-     * <p>The randomized (or default) value for each parameter:
-     *
-     * <ul>
-     *   <li>{@code Active Timestamp} defaults to {@code new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(1, 0,
-     *       false)}
-     *   <li>{@code Network Name} defaults to "THREAD-PAN-<PAN ID decimal>", for example
-     *       "THREAD-PAN-12345"
-     *   <li>{@code Extended PAN ID} filled with randomly generated bytes
-     *   <li>{@code PAN ID} randomly generated integer in range of [0, 0xfffe]
-     *   <li>{@code Channel Page} defaults to {@link #CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ}
-     *   <li>{@code Channel} randomly selected channel in range of [{@link #CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ},
-     *       {@link #CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ}]
-     *   <li>{@code Channel Mask} all bits from {@link #CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ} to {@link
-     *       #CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ} are set to {@code true}
-     *   <li>{@code PSKc} filled with bytes generated by secure random generator
-     *   <li>{@code Network Key} filled with bytes generated by secure random generator
-     *   <li>{@code Mesh-local Prefix} filled with randomly generated bytes except that the first
-     *       byte is always set to {@code 0xfd}
-     *   <li>{@code Security Policy} defaults to {@code new SecurityPolicy(
-     *       DEFAULT_ROTATION_TIME_HOURS, new byte[]{(byte)0xff, (byte)0xf8})}. This is the default
-     *       values required by the Thread 1.2 specification
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * <p>This method is the recommended way to create a randomized operational dataset for a new
-     * Thread network. It may be desired to change one or more of the generated value(s). For
-     * example, to use a more meaningful Network Name. To do that, create a new {@link Builder}
-     * object from this dataset with {@link Builder#Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset)} and override
-     * the value with the setters of {@link Builder}.
-     *
-     * <p>Note that it's highly discouraged to change the randomly generated Extended PAN ID,
-     * Network Key or PSKc, as it will compromise the security of a Thread network.
-     */
-    @NonNull
-    public static ActiveOperationalDataset createRandomDataset() {
-        return createRandomDataset(new Random(Instant.now().toEpochMilli()), new SecureRandom());
-    }
-
-    /** @hide */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public static ActiveOperationalDataset createRandomDataset(
-            Random random, SecureRandom secureRandom) {
-        int panId = random.nextInt(/* bound= */ 0xffff);
-        byte[] meshLocalPrefix = newRandomBytes(random, LENGTH_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_BITS / 8);
-        meshLocalPrefix[0] = MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_FIRST_BYTE;
-
-        SparseArray<byte[]> channelMask = new SparseArray<>(1);
-        channelMask.put(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ, new byte[] {0x00, 0x1f, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xe0});
-
-        return new Builder()
-                .setActiveTimestamp(
-                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(
-                                /* seconds= */ 1,
-                                /* ticks= */ 0,
-                                /* isAuthoritativeSource= */ false))
-                .setExtendedPanId(newRandomBytes(random, LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID))
-                .setPanId(panId)
-                .setNetworkName("THREAD-PAN-" + panId)
-                .setChannel(
-                        CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ,
-                        random.nextInt(CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ - CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ + 1)
-                                + CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ)
-                .setChannelMask(channelMask)
-                .setPskc(newRandomBytes(secureRandom, LENGTH_PSKC))
-                .setNetworkKey(newRandomBytes(secureRandom, LENGTH_NETWORK_KEY))
-                .setMeshLocalPrefix(meshLocalPrefix)
-                .setSecurityPolicy(
-                        new SecurityPolicy(
-                                DEFAULT_ROTATION_TIME_HOURS, new byte[] {(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xf8}))
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    private static byte[] newRandomBytes(Random random, int length) {
-        byte[] result = new byte[length];
-        random.nextBytes(result);
-        return result;
-    }
-
     private static boolean areByteSparseArraysEqual(
             @NonNull SparseArray<byte[]> first, @NonNull SparseArray<byte[]> second) {
         if (first == second) {
@@ -672,7 +610,7 @@
         sb.append("{networkName=")
                 .append(getNetworkName())
                 .append(", extendedPanId=")
-                .append(dumpHexString(getExtendedPanId()))
+                .append(toHexString(getExtendedPanId()))
                 .append(", panId=")
                 .append(getPanId())
                 .append(", channel=")
@@ -683,6 +621,20 @@
         return sb.toString();
     }
 
+    static String checkNetworkName(@NonNull String networkName) {
+        requireNonNull(networkName, "networkName cannot be null");
+
+        int nameLength = networkName.getBytes(UTF_8).length;
+        checkArgument(
+                nameLength >= LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES
+                        && nameLength <= LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES,
+                "Invalid network name (length = %d, expectedLengthRange = [%d, %d])",
+                nameLength,
+                LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES,
+                LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES);
+        return networkName;
+    }
+
     /** The builder for creating {@link ActiveOperationalDataset} objects. */
     public static final class Builder {
         private OperationalDatasetTimestamp mActiveTimestamp;
@@ -748,7 +700,7 @@
          * @param networkName the name of the Thread network
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if length of the UTF-8 representation of {@code
          *     networkName} isn't in range of [{@link #LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES}, {@link
-         *     #LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES}].
+         *     #LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES}]
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder setNetworkName(
@@ -757,26 +709,16 @@
                                 min = LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES,
                                 max = LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES)
                         String networkName) {
-            requireNonNull(networkName, "networkName cannot be null");
-
-            int nameLength = networkName.getBytes(UTF_8).length;
-            checkArgument(
-                    nameLength >= LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES
-                            && nameLength <= LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES,
-                    "Invalid network name (length = %d, expectedLengthRange = [%d, %d])",
-                    nameLength,
-                    LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES,
-                    LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES);
-            this.mNetworkName = networkName;
+            this.mNetworkName = checkNetworkName(networkName);
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
          * Sets the Extended PAN ID.
          *
-         * <p>Use with caution. A randomly generated Extended PAN ID should be used for real Thread
+         * <p>Use with caution. A randomized Extended PAN ID should be used for real Thread
          * networks. It's discouraged to call this method to override the default value created by
-         * {@link ActiveOperationalDataset#createRandomDataset} in production.
+         * {@link ThreadNetworkController#createRandomizedDataset} in production.
          *
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if length of {@code extendedPanId} is not {@link
          *     #LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID}.
@@ -867,7 +809,7 @@
          *
          * <p>Use with caution. A randomly generated PSKc should be used for real Thread networks.
          * It's discouraged to call this method to override the default value created by {@link
-         * ActiveOperationalDataset#createRandomDataset} in production.
+         * ThreadNetworkController#createRandomizedDataset} in production.
          *
          * @param pskc the key stretched version of the Commissioning Credential for the network
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if length of {@code pskc} is not {@link #LENGTH_PSKC}
@@ -889,7 +831,7 @@
          *
          * <p>Use with caution, randomly generated Network Key should be used for real Thread
          * networks. It's discouraged to call this method to override the default value created by
-         * {@link ActiveOperationalDataset#createRandomDataset} in production.
+         * {@link ThreadNetworkController#createRandomizedDataset} in production.
          *
          * @param networkKey a 128-bit security key-derivation key for the Thread Network
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException if length of {@code networkKey} is not {@link
@@ -930,8 +872,16 @@
             return this;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Sets the Mesh-Local Prefix.
+         *
+         * @param meshLocalPrefix the prefix used for realm-local traffic within the mesh
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code meshLocalPrefix} doesn't start with {@code
+         *     0xfd} or has length other than {@code LENGTH_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_BITS / 8}
+         * @hide
+         */
         @NonNull
-        private Builder setMeshLocalPrefix(byte[] meshLocalPrefix) {
+        public Builder setMeshLocalPrefix(byte[] meshLocalPrefix) {
             final int prefixLength = meshLocalPrefix.length * 8;
             checkArgument(
                     prefixLength == LENGTH_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_BITS,
@@ -1044,8 +994,10 @@
     public static final class SecurityPolicy {
         /** The default Rotation Time in hours. */
         public static final int DEFAULT_ROTATION_TIME_HOURS = 672;
+
         /** The minimum length of Security Policy flags in bytes. */
         public static final int LENGTH_MIN_SECURITY_POLICY_FLAGS = 1;
+
         /** The length of Rotation Time TLV value in bytes. */
         private static final int LENGTH_SECURITY_POLICY_ROTATION_TIME = 2;
 
@@ -1157,7 +1109,7 @@
             sb.append("{rotation=")
                     .append(mRotationTimeHours)
                     .append(", flags=")
-                    .append(dumpHexString(mFlags))
+                    .append(toHexString(mFlags))
                     .append("}");
             return sb.toString();
         }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ChannelMaxPower.aidl
similarity index 60%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
copy to thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ChannelMaxPower.aidl
index 6596269..bcda8a8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ChannelMaxPower.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net.thread;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+ /**
+  * Mapping from a channel to its max power.
+  *
+  * {@hide}
+  */
+parcelable ChannelMaxPower {
+    int channel; // The Thread radio channel.
+    int maxPower; // The max power in the unit of 0.01dBm. Passing INT16_MAX(32767) will
+                  // disable the channel.
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aba54eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+
+/** Receives the result of an operation which returns an Active Operational Dataset. @hide */
+oneway interface IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver {
+    void onSuccess(in ActiveOperationalDataset dataset);
+    void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage);
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IOperationReceiver.aidl
similarity index 67%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
copy to thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IOperationReceiver.aidl
index 4306c99..42e157b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IOperationReceiver.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net.thread;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
-public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
+/** Receives the result of a Thread network operation. @hide */
+oneway interface IOperationReceiver {
+    void onSuccess();
+    void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage);
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IOperationalDatasetCallback.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IOperationalDatasetCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b576b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IOperationalDatasetCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface IOperationalDatasetCallback {
+    void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(in @nullable ActiveOperationalDataset activeOpDataset);
+    void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(in @nullable PendingOperationalDataset pendingOpDataset);
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IScheduleMigrationReceiver.aidl
similarity index 62%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
copy to thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IScheduleMigrationReceiver.aidl
index 6596269..c45d463 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IScheduleMigrationReceiver.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net.thread;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+/** Receives the result of {@link ThreadNetworkManager#scheduleMigration}. @hide */
+oneway interface IScheduleMigrationReceiver {
+    void onScheduled(long delayTimerMillis);
+    void onMigrated();
+    void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage);
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IStateCallback.aidl
similarity index 66%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
copy to thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IStateCallback.aidl
index 6596269..9d0a571 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IStateCallback.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,10 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package android.net.thread;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
-
-@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
-public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface IStateCallback {
+    void onDeviceRoleChanged(int deviceRole);
+    void onPartitionIdChanged(long partitionId);
+    void onThreadEnableStateChanged(int enabledState);
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
index 0219beb..c5ca557 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
@@ -16,10 +16,34 @@
 
 package android.net.thread;
 
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ChannelMaxPower;
+import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IScheduleMigrationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IStateCallback;
+import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+
 /**
 * Interface for communicating with ThreadNetworkControllerService.
 * @hide
 */
 interface IThreadNetworkController {
+    void registerStateCallback(in IStateCallback callback);
+    void unregisterStateCallback(in IStateCallback callback);
+    void registerOperationalDatasetCallback(in IOperationalDatasetCallback callback);
+    void unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(in IOperationalDatasetCallback callback);
+
+    void join(in ActiveOperationalDataset activeOpDataset, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+    void scheduleMigration(in PendingOperationalDataset pendingOpDataset, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+    void leave(in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+
+    void setTestNetworkAsUpstream(in String testNetworkInterfaceName, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+    void setChannelMaxPowers(in ChannelMaxPower[] channelMaxPowers, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+
     int getThreadVersion();
+    void createRandomizedDataset(String networkName, IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver receiver);
+
+    void setEnabled(boolean enabled, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/PendingOperationalDataset.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/PendingOperationalDataset.java
index 4762d7f..c1351af 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/PendingOperationalDataset.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/PendingOperationalDataset.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
  * a given delay. This is typically used to deploy new network parameters (e.g. Network Key or
  * Channel) to all devices in the network.
  *
+ * @see ThreadNetworkController#scheduleMigration
  * @hide
  */
 @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED)
@@ -69,7 +70,16 @@
     @NonNull private final OperationalDatasetTimestamp mPendingTimestamp;
     @NonNull private final Duration mDelayTimer;
 
-    /** Creates a new {@link PendingOperationalDataset} object. */
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link PendingOperationalDataset} object.
+     *
+     * @param activeOpDataset the included Active Operational Dataset
+     * @param pendingTimestamp the Pending Timestamp which represents the version of this Pending
+     *     Dataset
+     * @param delayTimer the delay after when {@code activeOpDataset} will be committed on this
+     *     device; use {@link Duration#ZERO} to tell the system to choose a reasonable value
+     *     automatically
+     */
     public PendingOperationalDataset(
             @NonNull ActiveOperationalDataset activeOpDataset,
             @NonNull OperationalDatasetTimestamp pendingTimestamp,
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
index fc77b1a..8d6b40a 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
@@ -18,27 +18,94 @@
 
 import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
 
+import android.Manifest.permission;
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.Size;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /**
- * Provides the primary API for controlling all aspects of a Thread network.
+ * Provides the primary APIs for controlling all aspects of a Thread network.
+ *
+ * <p>For example, join this device to a Thread network with given Thread Operational Dataset, or
+ * migrate an existing network.
  *
  * @hide
  */
 @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED)
 @SystemApi
 public final class ThreadNetworkController {
+    private static final String TAG = "ThreadNetworkController";
+
+    /** The Thread stack is stopped. */
+    public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED = 0;
+
+    /** The device is not currently participating in a Thread network/partition. */
+    public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED = 1;
+
+    /** The device is a Thread Child. */
+    public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD = 2;
+
+    /** The device is a Thread Router. */
+    public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_ROUTER = 3;
+
+    /** The device is a Thread Leader. */
+    public static final int DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER = 4;
+
+    /** The Thread radio is disabled. */
+    public static final int STATE_DISABLED = 0;
+
+    /** The Thread radio is enabled. */
+    public static final int STATE_ENABLED = 1;
+
+    /** The Thread radio is being disabled. */
+    public static final int STATE_DISABLING = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef({
+        DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED,
+        DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED,
+        DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD,
+        DEVICE_ROLE_ROUTER,
+        DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER
+    })
+    public @interface DeviceRole {}
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(
+            prefix = {"STATE_"},
+            value = {STATE_DISABLED, STATE_ENABLED, STATE_DISABLING})
+    public @interface EnabledState {}
 
     /** Thread standard version 1.3. */
     public static final int THREAD_VERSION_1_3 = 4;
 
+    /** Minimum value of max power in unit of 0.01dBm. @hide */
+    private static final int POWER_LIMITATION_MIN = -32768;
+
+    /** Maximum value of max power in unit of 0.01dBm. @hide */
+    private static final int POWER_LIMITATION_MAX = 32767;
+
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef({THREAD_VERSION_1_3})
@@ -46,12 +113,57 @@
 
     private final IThreadNetworkController mControllerService;
 
-    ThreadNetworkController(@NonNull IThreadNetworkController controllerService) {
-        requireNonNull(controllerService, "controllerService cannot be null");
+    private final Object mStateCallbackMapLock = new Object();
 
+    @GuardedBy("mStateCallbackMapLock")
+    private final Map<StateCallback, StateCallbackProxy> mStateCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private final Object mOpDatasetCallbackMapLock = new Object();
+
+    @GuardedBy("mOpDatasetCallbackMapLock")
+    private final Map<OperationalDatasetCallback, OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy>
+            mOpDatasetCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public ThreadNetworkController(@NonNull IThreadNetworkController controllerService) {
+        requireNonNull(controllerService, "controllerService cannot be null");
         mControllerService = controllerService;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Enables/Disables the radio of this ThreadNetworkController. The requested enabled state will
+     * be persistent and survives device reboots.
+     *
+     * <p>When Thread is in {@code STATE_DISABLED}, {@link ThreadNetworkController} APIs which
+     * require the Thread radio will fail with error code {@link
+     * ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED}. When Thread is in {@code STATE_DISABLING},
+     * {@link ThreadNetworkController} APIs that return a {@link ThreadNetworkException} will fail
+     * with error code {@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_BUSY}.
+     *
+     * <p>On success, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onResult} of {@code receiver} is called. It indicates
+     * the operation has completed. But there maybe subsequent calls to update the enabled state,
+     * callers of this method should use {@link #registerStateCallback} to subscribe to the Thread
+     * enabled state changes.
+     *
+     * <p>On failure, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onError} of {@code receiver} will be invoked with a
+     * specific error in {@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_}.
+     *
+     * @param enabled {@code true} for enabling Thread
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED")
+    public void setEnabled(
+            boolean enabled,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        try {
+            mControllerService.setEnabled(enabled, new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
     /** Returns the Thread version this device is operating on. */
     @ThreadVersion
     public int getThreadVersion() {
@@ -61,4 +173,595 @@
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Active Operational Dataset with randomized parameters.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is the recommended way to create a randomized dataset which can be used with
+     * {@link #join} to securely join this device to the specified network . It's highly discouraged
+     * to change the randomly generated Extended PAN ID, Network Key or PSKc, as it will compromise
+     * the security of a Thread network.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if length of the UTF-8 representation of {@code networkName}
+     *     isn't in range of [{@link #LENGTH_MIN_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES}, {@link
+     *     #LENGTH_MAX_NETWORK_NAME_BYTES}]
+     */
+    public void createRandomizedDataset(
+            @NonNull String networkName,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<ActiveOperationalDataset, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        ActiveOperationalDataset.checkNetworkName(networkName);
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+        try {
+            mControllerService.createRandomizedDataset(
+                    networkName, new ActiveDatasetReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if {@code deviceRole} indicates an attached state. */
+    public static boolean isAttached(@DeviceRole int deviceRole) {
+        return deviceRole == DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD
+                || deviceRole == DEVICE_ROLE_ROUTER
+                || deviceRole == DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback to receive notifications when the Thread network states are changed.
+     *
+     * <p>Applications which are interested in monitoring Thread network states should implement
+     * this interface and register the callback with {@link #registerStateCallback}.
+     */
+    public interface StateCallback {
+        /**
+         * The Thread device role has changed.
+         *
+         * @param deviceRole the new Thread device role
+         */
+        void onDeviceRoleChanged(@DeviceRole int deviceRole);
+
+        /**
+         * The Thread network partition ID has changed.
+         *
+         * @param partitionId the new Thread partition ID
+         */
+        default void onPartitionIdChanged(long partitionId) {}
+
+        /**
+         * The Thread enabled state has changed.
+         *
+         * <p>The Thread enabled state can be set with {@link setEnabled}, it may also be updated by
+         * airplane mode or admin control.
+         *
+         * @param enabledState the new Thread enabled state
+         */
+        default void onThreadEnableStateChanged(@EnabledState int enabledState) {}
+    }
+
+    private static final class StateCallbackProxy extends IStateCallback.Stub {
+        private final Executor mExecutor;
+        private final StateCallback mCallback;
+
+        StateCallbackProxy(@CallbackExecutor Executor executor, StateCallback callback) {
+            mExecutor = executor;
+            mCallback = callback;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDeviceRoleChanged(@DeviceRole int deviceRole) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onDeviceRoleChanged(deviceRole));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onPartitionIdChanged(long partitionId) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onPartitionIdChanged(partitionId));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onThreadEnableStateChanged(@EnabledState int enabled) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onThreadEnableStateChanged(enabled));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a callback to be called when Thread network states are changed.
+     *
+     * <p>Upon return of this method, methods of {@code callback} will be invoked immediately with
+     * existing states.
+     *
+     * @param executor the executor to execute the {@code callback}
+     * @param callback the callback to receive Thread network state changes
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} has already been registered
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void registerStateCallback(
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor, @NonNull StateCallback callback) {
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mStateCallbackMapLock) {
+            if (mStateCallbackMap.containsKey(callback)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback has already been registered");
+            }
+            StateCallbackProxy callbackProxy = new StateCallbackProxy(executor, callback);
+            mStateCallbackMap.put(callback, callbackProxy);
+
+            try {
+                mControllerService.registerStateCallback(callbackProxy);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mStateCallbackMap.remove(callback);
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the Thread state changed callback.
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback which has been registered with {@link #registerStateCallback}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} hasn't been registered
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void unregisterStateCallback(@NonNull StateCallback callback) {
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mStateCallbackMapLock) {
+            StateCallbackProxy callbackProxy = mStateCallbackMap.get(callback);
+            if (callbackProxy == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback hasn't been registered");
+            }
+            try {
+                mControllerService.unregisterStateCallback(callbackProxy);
+                mStateCallbackMap.remove(callback);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback to receive notifications when the Thread Operational Datasets are changed.
+     *
+     * <p>Applications which are interested in monitoring Thread network datasets should implement
+     * this interface and register the callback with {@link #registerOperationalDatasetCallback}.
+     */
+    public interface OperationalDatasetCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when the Active Operational Dataset is changed.
+         *
+         * @param activeDataset the new Active Operational Dataset or {@code null} if the dataset is
+         *     absent
+         */
+        void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(@Nullable ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the Pending Operational Dataset is changed.
+         *
+         * @param pendingDataset the new Pending Operational Dataset or {@code null} if the dataset
+         *     has been committed and removed
+         */
+        default void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                @Nullable PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset) {}
+    }
+
+    private static final class OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy
+            extends IOperationalDatasetCallback.Stub {
+        private final Executor mExecutor;
+        private final OperationalDatasetCallback mCallback;
+
+        OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy(
+                @CallbackExecutor Executor executor, OperationalDatasetCallback callback) {
+            mExecutor = executor;
+            mCallback = callback;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                @Nullable ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(activeDataset));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                @Nullable PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(
+                        () -> mCallback.onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(pendingDataset));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a callback to be called when Thread Operational Datasets are changed.
+     *
+     * <p>Upon return of this method, methods of {@code callback} will be invoked immediately with
+     * existing Operational Datasets.
+     *
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code callback}
+     * @param callback the callback to receive Operational Dataset changes
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} has already been registered
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(
+            allOf = {
+                permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED"
+            })
+    public void registerOperationalDatasetCallback(
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OperationalDatasetCallback callback) {
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mOpDatasetCallbackMapLock) {
+            if (mOpDatasetCallbackMap.containsKey(callback)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback has already been registered");
+            }
+            OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy callbackProxy =
+                    new OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy(executor, callback);
+            mOpDatasetCallbackMap.put(callback, callbackProxy);
+
+            try {
+                mControllerService.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(callbackProxy);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mOpDatasetCallbackMap.remove(callback);
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the Thread Operational Dataset callback.
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback which has been registered with {@link
+     *     #registerOperationalDatasetCallback}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} hasn't been registered
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(
+            allOf = {
+                permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED"
+            })
+    public void unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(@NonNull OperationalDatasetCallback callback) {
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mOpDatasetCallbackMapLock) {
+            OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy callbackProxy = mOpDatasetCallbackMap.get(callback);
+            if (callbackProxy == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback hasn't been registered");
+            }
+            try {
+                mControllerService.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(callbackProxy);
+                mOpDatasetCallbackMap.remove(callback);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Joins to a Thread network with given Active Operational Dataset.
+     *
+     * <p>This method does nothing if this device has already joined to the same network specified
+     * by {@code activeDataset}. If this device has already joined to a different network, this
+     * device will first leave from that network and then join the new network. This method changes
+     * only this device and all other connected devices will stay in the old network. To change the
+     * network for all connected devices together, use {@link #scheduleMigration}.
+     *
+     * <p>On success, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onResult} of {@code receiver} is called and the Dataset
+     * will be persisted on this device; this device will try to attach to the Thread network and
+     * the state changes can be observed by {@link #registerStateCallback}. On failure, {@link
+     * OutcomeReceiver#onError} of {@code receiver} will be invoked with a specific error:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL} {@code activeDataset}
+     *       specifies a channel which is not supported in the current country or region; the {@code
+     *       activeDataset} is rejected and not persisted so this device won't auto re-join the next
+     *       time
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_ABORTED} this operation is aborted by another
+     *       {@code join} or {@code leave} operation
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param activeDataset the Active Operational Dataset represents the Thread network to join
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED")
+    public void join(
+            @NonNull ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        requireNonNull(activeDataset, "activeDataset cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+        try {
+            mControllerService.join(activeDataset, new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Schedules a network migration which moves all devices in the current connected network to a
+     * new network or updates parameters of the current connected network.
+     *
+     * <p>The migration doesn't happen immediately but is registered to the Leader device so that
+     * all devices in the current Thread network can be scheduled to apply the new dataset together.
+     *
+     * <p>On success, the Pending Dataset is successfully registered and persisted on the Leader and
+     * {@link OutcomeReceiver#onResult} of {@code receiver} will be called; Operational Dataset
+     * changes will be asynchronously delivered via {@link OperationalDatasetCallback} if a callback
+     * has been registered with {@link #registerOperationalDatasetCallback}. When failed, {@link
+     * OutcomeReceiver#onError} will be called with a specific error:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION} the migration is rejected
+     *       because this device is not attached
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL} {@code pendingDataset}
+     *       specifies a channel which is not supported in the current country or region; the {@code
+     *       pendingDataset} is rejected and not persisted
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER} the Pending Dataset is rejected
+     *       by the Leader device
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_BUSY} another {@code scheduleMigration} request is
+     *       being processed
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_TIMEOUT} response from the Leader device hasn't
+     *       been received before deadline
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>The Delay Timer of {@code pendingDataset} can vary from several minutes to a few days.
+     * It's important to select a proper value to safely migrate all devices in the network without
+     * leaving sleepy end devices orphaned. Apps are not suggested to specify the Delay Timer value
+     * if it's unclear how long it can take to propagate the {@code pendingDataset} to the whole
+     * network. Instead, use {@link Duration#ZERO} to use the default value suggested by the system.
+     *
+     * @param pendingDataset the Pending Operational Dataset
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED")
+    public void scheduleMigration(
+            @NonNull PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        requireNonNull(pendingDataset, "pendingDataset cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+        try {
+            mControllerService.scheduleMigration(
+                    pendingDataset, new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Leaves from the Thread network.
+     *
+     * <p>This undoes a {@link join} operation. On success, this device is disconnected from the
+     * joined network and will not automatically join a network before {@link #join} is called
+     * again. Active and Pending Operational Dataset configured and persisted on this device will be
+     * removed too.
+     *
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED")
+    public void leave(
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+        try {
+            mControllerService.leave(new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets to use a specified test network as the upstream.
+     *
+     * @param testNetworkInterfaceName The name of the test network interface. When it's null,
+     *     forbids using test network as an upstream.
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @RequiresPermission(
+            allOf = {"android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED", permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    public void setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
+            @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+        try {
+            mControllerService.setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
+                    testNetworkInterfaceName, new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets max power of each channel.
+     *
+     * <p>If not set, the default max power is set by the Thread HAL service or the Thread radio
+     * chip firmware.
+     *
+     * <p>On success, the Pending Dataset is successfully registered and persisted on the Leader and
+     * {@link OutcomeReceiver#onResult} of {@code receiver} will be called; When failed, {@link
+     * OutcomeReceiver#onError} will be called with a specific error:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION} the operation is no
+     *       supported by the platform.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param channelMaxPowers SparseIntArray (key: channel, value: max power) consists of channel
+     *     and corresponding max power. Valid channel values should be between {@link
+     *     ActiveOperationalDataset#CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ} and {@link
+     *     ActiveOperationalDataset#CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ}. The unit of the max power is 0.01dBm. Max
+     *     power values should be between INT16_MIN (-32768) and INT16_MAX (32767). If the max power
+     *     is set to INT16_MAX, the corresponding channel is not supported.
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}.
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive the result of this operation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the size of {@code channelMaxPowers} is smaller than 1,
+     *     or invalid channel or max power is configured.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED")
+    public final void setChannelMaxPowers(
+            @NonNull @Size(min = 1) SparseIntArray channelMaxPowers,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        requireNonNull(channelMaxPowers, "channelMaxPowers cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+
+        if (channelMaxPowers.size() < 1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("channelMaxPowers cannot be empty");
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < channelMaxPowers.size(); i++) {
+            int channel = channelMaxPowers.keyAt(i);
+            int maxPower = channelMaxPowers.get(channel);
+
+            if ((channel < ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ)
+                    || (channel > ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Channel "
+                                + channel
+                                + " exceeds allowed range ["
+                                + ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ
+                                + ", "
+                                + ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ
+                                + "]");
+            }
+
+            if ((maxPower < POWER_LIMITATION_MIN) || (maxPower > POWER_LIMITATION_MAX)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Channel power ({channel: "
+                                + channel
+                                + ", maxPower: "
+                                + maxPower
+                                + "}) exceeds allowed range ["
+                                + POWER_LIMITATION_MIN
+                                + ", "
+                                + POWER_LIMITATION_MAX
+                                + "]");
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mControllerService.setChannelMaxPowers(
+                    toChannelMaxPowerArray(channelMaxPowers),
+                    new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static ChannelMaxPower[] toChannelMaxPowerArray(
+            @NonNull SparseIntArray channelMaxPowers) {
+        final ChannelMaxPower[] powerArray = new ChannelMaxPower[channelMaxPowers.size()];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < channelMaxPowers.size(); i++) {
+            powerArray[i] = new ChannelMaxPower();
+            powerArray[i].channel = channelMaxPowers.keyAt(i);
+            powerArray[i].maxPower = channelMaxPowers.get(powerArray[i].channel);
+        }
+
+        return powerArray;
+    }
+
+    private static <T> void propagateError(
+            Executor executor,
+            OutcomeReceiver<T, ThreadNetworkException> receiver,
+            int errorCode,
+            String errorMsg) {
+        final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            executor.execute(
+                    () -> receiver.onError(new ThreadNetworkException(errorCode, errorMsg)));
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class ActiveDatasetReceiverProxy
+            extends IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.Stub {
+        final Executor mExecutor;
+        final OutcomeReceiver<ActiveOperationalDataset, ThreadNetworkException> mResultReceiver;
+
+        ActiveDatasetReceiverProxy(
+                @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+                OutcomeReceiver<ActiveOperationalDataset, ThreadNetworkException> resultReceiver) {
+            this.mExecutor = executor;
+            this.mResultReceiver = resultReceiver;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess(ActiveOperationalDataset dataset) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mResultReceiver.onResult(dataset));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+            propagateError(mExecutor, mResultReceiver, errorCode, errorMessage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class OperationReceiverProxy extends IOperationReceiver.Stub {
+        final Executor mExecutor;
+        final OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> mResultReceiver;
+
+        OperationReceiverProxy(
+                @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+                OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> resultReceiver) {
+            this.mExecutor = executor;
+            this.mResultReceiver = resultReceiver;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess() {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mResultReceiver.onResult(null));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+            propagateError(mExecutor, mResultReceiver, errorCode, errorMessage);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkException.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f699c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a Thread network specific failure.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED)
+@SystemApi
+public class ThreadNetworkException extends Exception {
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef({
+        ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+        ERROR_ABORTED,
+        ERROR_TIMEOUT,
+        ERROR_UNAVAILABLE,
+        ERROR_BUSY,
+        ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION,
+        ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL,
+        ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER,
+        ERROR_RESPONSE_BAD_FORMAT,
+        ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED,
+        ERROR_UNKNOWN,
+        ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED,
+    })
+    public @interface ErrorCode {}
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because some invariants expected by the underlying system have been
+     * broken. This error code is reserved for serious errors. The caller can do nothing to recover
+     * from this error. A bugreport should be created and sent to the Android community if this
+     * error is ever returned.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because concurrent operations are overriding this one. Retrying an
+     * aborted operation has the risk of aborting another ongoing operation again. So the caller
+     * should retry at a higher level where it knows there won't be race conditions.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_ABORTED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because a deadline expired before the operation could complete. This may
+     * be caused by connectivity unavailability and the caller can retry the same operation when the
+     * connectivity issue is fixed.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_TIMEOUT = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because the service is currently unavailable and that this is most
+     * likely a transient condition. The caller can recover from this error by retrying with a
+     * back-off scheme. Note that it is not always safe to retry non-idempotent operations.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_UNAVAILABLE = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because this device is currently busy processing concurrent requests.
+     * The caller may recover from this error when the current operations has been finished.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_BUSY = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because required preconditions were not satisfied. For example, trying
+     * to schedule a network migration when this device is not attached will receive this error or
+     * enable Thread while User Resitration has disabled it. The caller should not retry the same
+     * operation before the precondition is satisfied.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION = 6;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation was rejected because the specified channel is currently not supported by this
+     * device in this country. For example, trying to join or migrate to a network with channel
+     * which is not supported. The caller should should change the channel or return an error to the
+     * user if the channel cannot be changed.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because a request is rejected by the peer device. This happens because
+     * the peer device is not capable of processing the request, or a request from another device
+     * has already been accepted by the peer device. The caller may not be able to recover from this
+     * error by retrying the same operation.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because the received response is malformed. This is typically because
+     * the peer device is misbehaving. The caller may only recover from this error by retrying with
+     * a different peer device.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_RESPONSE_BAD_FORMAT = 9;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because some resource has been exhausted. For example, no enough
+     * allocated memory buffers, or maximum number of supported operations has been exceeded. The
+     * caller may retry and recover from this error when the resource has been freed.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because of an unknown error in the system. This typically indicates that
+     * the caller doesn't understand error codes added in newer Android versions.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_UNKNOWN = 11;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because the Thread radio is disabled by {@link
+     * ThreadNetworkController#setEnabled}, airplane mode or device admin. The caller should retry
+     * only after Thread is enabled.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED = 12;
+
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because it is not supported by the platform. For example, some platforms
+     * may not support setting the target power of each channel. The caller should not retry and may
+     * return an error to the user.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION = 13;
+
+    private static final int ERROR_MIN = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    private static final int ERROR_MAX = ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+
+    private final int mErrorCode;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link ThreadNetworkException} object with given error code and message.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code errorCode} is not a value in {@link #ERROR_}
+     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code message} is {@code null}
+     */
+    public ThreadNetworkException(@ErrorCode int errorCode, @NonNull String message) {
+        super(requireNonNull(message, "message cannot be null"));
+        if (errorCode < ERROR_MIN || errorCode > ERROR_MAX) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "errorCode cannot be "
+                            + errorCode
+                            + " (allowedRange = ["
+                            + ERROR_MIN
+                            + ", "
+                            + ERROR_MAX
+                            + "])");
+        }
+        this.mErrorCode = errorCode;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the error code. */
+    public @ErrorCode int getErrorCode() {
+        return mErrorCode;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkManager.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkManager.java
index c3bdbd7..150b759 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkManager.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkManager.java
@@ -66,6 +66,30 @@
      */
     public static final String FEATURE_NAME = "android.hardware.thread_network";
 
+    /**
+     * Permission allows changing Thread network state and access to Thread network credentials such
+     * as Network Key and PSKc.
+     *
+     * <p>This is the same value as android.Manifest.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED. That
+     * symbol is not available on U while this feature needs to support Android U TV devices, so
+     * here is making a copy of android.Manifest.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED =
+            "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED";
+
+    /**
+     * This user restriction specifies if Thread network is disallowed on the device. If Thread
+     * network is disallowed it cannot be turned on via Settings.
+     *
+     * <p>this is a mirror of {@link UserManager#DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK} which is not available on
+     * Android U devices.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK = "no_thread_network";
+
     @NonNull private final Context mContext;
     @NonNull private final List<ThreadNetworkController> mUnmodifiableControllerServices;
 
diff --git a/thread/scripts/make-pretty.sh b/thread/scripts/make-pretty.sh
index e4bd459..c176bfa 100755
--- a/thread/scripts/make-pretty.sh
+++ b/thread/scripts/make-pretty.sh
@@ -3,5 +3,7 @@
 SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )
 
 GOOGLE_JAVA_FORMAT=$SCRIPT_DIR/../../../../../prebuilts/tools/common/google-java-format/google-java-format
+ANDROID_BP_FORMAT=$SCRIPT_DIR/../../../../../prebuilts/build-tools/linux-x86/bin/bpfmt
 
 $GOOGLE_JAVA_FORMAT --aosp -i $(find $SCRIPT_DIR/../ -name "*.java")
+$ANDROID_BP_FORMAT -w $(find $SCRIPT_DIR/../ -name "*.bp")
diff --git a/thread/service/Android.bp b/thread/service/Android.bp
index f1af653..a82a499 100644
--- a/thread/service/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/service/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -33,10 +34,42 @@
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     srcs: [":service-thread-sources"],
     libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
+        "framework-location.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-wifi",
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-shell-command-handler",
         "net-utils-device-common",
+        "net-utils-device-common-netlink",
+        // The required dependency net-utils-device-common-struct-base is in the classpath via
+        // framework-connectivity
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+        "ot-daemon-aidl-java",
+    ],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libservice-thread-jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/**/*.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
     ],
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43ff336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNAVAILABLE;
+
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver} wrapper which makes it easier to invoke the
+ * callbacks.
+ */
+final class ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper {
+    private final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mReceiver;
+
+    private static final Object sPendingReceiversLock = new Object();
+
+    @GuardedBy("sPendingReceiversLock")
+    private static final Set<ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper> sPendingReceivers =
+            new HashSet<>();
+
+    public ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver receiver) {
+        this.mReceiver = receiver;
+
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            sPendingReceivers.add(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void onOtDaemonDied() {
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            for (ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper receiver : sPendingReceivers) {
+                try {
+                    receiver.mReceiver.onError(ERROR_UNAVAILABLE, "Thread daemon died");
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // The client is dead, do nothing
+                }
+            }
+            sPendingReceivers.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void onSuccess(ActiveOperationalDataset dataset) {
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            sPendingReceivers.remove(this);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mReceiver.onSuccess(dataset);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // The client is dead, do nothing
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void onError(Throwable e) {
+        if (e instanceof ThreadNetworkException) {
+            ThreadNetworkException threadException = (ThreadNetworkException) e;
+            onError(threadException.getErrorCode(), threadException.getMessage());
+        } else if (e instanceof RemoteException) {
+            onError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Thread stack error");
+        } else {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            sPendingReceivers.remove(this);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mReceiver.onError(errorCode, errorMessage);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // The client is dead, do nothing
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be54cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/** Controller for the infrastructure network interface. */
+public class InfraInterfaceController {
+    private static final String TAG = "InfraIfController";
+
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("service-thread-jni");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a socket on the infrastructure network interface for sending/receiving ICMPv6
+     * Neighbor Discovery messages.
+     *
+     * @param infraInterfaceName the infrastructure network interface name.
+     * @return an ICMPv6 socket file descriptor on the Infrastructure network interface.
+     * @throws IOException when fails to create the socket.
+     */
+    public ParcelFileDescriptor createIcmp6Socket(String infraInterfaceName) throws IOException {
+        return ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(nativeCreateIcmp6Socket(infraInterfaceName));
+    }
+
+    private static native int nativeCreateIcmp6Socket(String interfaceName) throws IOException;
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisher.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisher.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c14f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisher.java
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.DnsTxtAttribute;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdDiscoverServiceCallback;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdPublisher;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdResolveServiceCallback;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdStatusReceiver;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of {@link INsdPublisher}.
+ *
+ * <p>This class provides API for service registration and discovery over mDNS. This class is a
+ * proxy between ot-daemon and NsdManager.
+ *
+ * <p>All the data members of this class MUST be accessed in the {@code mHandler}'s Thread except
+ * {@code mHandler} itself.
+ */
+public final class NsdPublisher extends INsdPublisher.Stub {
+    // TODO: b/321883491 - specify network for mDNS operations
+    private static final String TAG = NsdPublisher.class.getSimpleName();
+    private final NsdManager mNsdManager;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final Executor mExecutor;
+    private final SparseArray<RegistrationListener> mRegistrationListeners = new SparseArray<>(0);
+    private final SparseArray<DiscoveryListener> mDiscoveryListeners = new SparseArray<>(0);
+    private final SparseArray<ServiceInfoListener> mServiceInfoListeners = new SparseArray<>(0);
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NsdPublisher(NsdManager nsdManager, Handler handler) {
+        mNsdManager = nsdManager;
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mExecutor = runnable -> mHandler.post(runnable);
+    }
+
+    public static NsdPublisher newInstance(Context context, Handler handler) {
+        return new NsdPublisher(context.getSystemService(NsdManager.class), handler);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerService(
+            String hostname,
+            String name,
+            String type,
+            List<String> subTypeList,
+            int port,
+            List<DnsTxtAttribute> txt,
+            INsdStatusReceiver receiver,
+            int listenerId) {
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo =
+                buildServiceInfoForService(hostname, name, type, subTypeList, port, txt);
+        mHandler.post(() -> registerInternal(serviceInfo, receiver, listenerId, "service"));
+    }
+
+    private static NsdServiceInfo buildServiceInfoForService(
+            String hostname,
+            String name,
+            String type,
+            List<String> subTypeList,
+            int port,
+            List<DnsTxtAttribute> txt) {
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+
+        serviceInfo.setServiceName(name);
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(hostname)) {
+            serviceInfo.setHostname(hostname);
+        }
+        serviceInfo.setServiceType(type);
+        serviceInfo.setPort(port);
+        serviceInfo.setSubtypes(new HashSet<>(subTypeList));
+        for (DnsTxtAttribute attribute : txt) {
+            serviceInfo.setAttribute(attribute.name, attribute.value);
+        }
+
+        return serviceInfo;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerHost(
+            String name, List<String> addresses, INsdStatusReceiver receiver, int listenerId) {
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = buildServiceInfoForHost(name, addresses);
+        mHandler.post(() -> registerInternal(serviceInfo, receiver, listenerId, "host"));
+    }
+
+    private static NsdServiceInfo buildServiceInfoForHost(
+            String name, List<String> addressStrings) {
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+
+        serviceInfo.setHostname(name);
+        ArrayList<InetAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>(addressStrings.size());
+        for (String addressString : addressStrings) {
+            addresses.add(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addressString));
+        }
+        serviceInfo.setHostAddresses(addresses);
+
+        return serviceInfo;
+    }
+
+    private void registerInternal(
+            NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+            INsdStatusReceiver receiver,
+            int listenerId,
+            String registrationType) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        Log.i(
+                TAG,
+                "Registering "
+                        + registrationType
+                        + ". Listener ID: "
+                        + listenerId
+                        + ", serviceInfo: "
+                        + serviceInfo);
+        RegistrationListener listener = new RegistrationListener(serviceInfo, listenerId, receiver);
+        mRegistrationListeners.append(listenerId, listener);
+        try {
+            mNsdManager.registerService(serviceInfo, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, mExecutor, listener);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Failed to register service. serviceInfo: " + serviceInfo, e);
+            listener.onRegistrationFailed(serviceInfo, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unregister(INsdStatusReceiver receiver, int listenerId) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> unregisterInternal(receiver, listenerId));
+    }
+
+    public void unregisterInternal(INsdStatusReceiver receiver, int listenerId) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        RegistrationListener registrationListener = mRegistrationListeners.get(listenerId);
+        if (registrationListener == null) {
+            Log.w(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to unregister service."
+                            + " Listener ID: "
+                            + listenerId
+                            + " The registrationListener is empty.");
+
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(
+                TAG,
+                "Unregistering service."
+                        + " Listener ID: "
+                        + listenerId
+                        + " serviceInfo: "
+                        + registrationListener.mServiceInfo);
+        registrationListener.addUnregistrationReceiver(receiver);
+        mNsdManager.unregisterService(registrationListener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void discoverService(String type, INsdDiscoverServiceCallback callback, int listenerId) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> discoverServiceInternal(type, callback, listenerId));
+    }
+
+    private void discoverServiceInternal(
+            String type, INsdDiscoverServiceCallback callback, int listenerId) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        Log.i(
+                TAG,
+                "Discovering services."
+                        + " Listener ID: "
+                        + listenerId
+                        + ", service type: "
+                        + type);
+
+        DiscoveryListener listener = new DiscoveryListener(listenerId, type, callback);
+        mDiscoveryListeners.append(listenerId, listener);
+        DiscoveryRequest discoveryRequest =
+                new DiscoveryRequest.Builder(type).setNetwork(null).build();
+        mNsdManager.discoverServices(discoveryRequest, mExecutor, listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stopServiceDiscovery(int listenerId) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> stopServiceDiscoveryInternal(listenerId));
+    }
+
+    private void stopServiceDiscoveryInternal(int listenerId) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        DiscoveryListener listener = mDiscoveryListeners.get(listenerId);
+        if (listener == null) {
+            Log.w(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to stop service discovery. Listener ID "
+                            + listenerId
+                            + ". The listener is null.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Stopping service discovery. Listener: " + listener);
+        mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resolveService(
+            String name, String type, INsdResolveServiceCallback callback, int listenerId) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> resolveServiceInternal(name, type, callback, listenerId));
+    }
+
+    private void resolveServiceInternal(
+            String name, String type, INsdResolveServiceCallback callback, int listenerId) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        serviceInfo.setServiceName(name);
+        serviceInfo.setServiceType(type);
+        serviceInfo.setNetwork(null);
+        Log.i(
+                TAG,
+                "Resolving service."
+                        + " Listener ID: "
+                        + listenerId
+                        + ", service name: "
+                        + name
+                        + ", service type: "
+                        + type);
+
+        ServiceInfoListener listener = new ServiceInfoListener(serviceInfo, listenerId, callback);
+        mServiceInfoListeners.append(listenerId, listener);
+        mNsdManager.registerServiceInfoCallback(serviceInfo, mExecutor, listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stopServiceResolution(int listenerId) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> stopServiceResolutionInternal(listenerId));
+    }
+
+    private void stopServiceResolutionInternal(int listenerId) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        ServiceInfoListener listener = mServiceInfoListeners.get(listenerId);
+        if (listener == null) {
+            Log.w(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to stop service resolution. Listener ID: "
+                            + listenerId
+                            + ". The listener is null.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Stopping service resolution. Listener: " + listener);
+
+        try {
+            mNsdManager.unregisterServiceInfoCallback(listener);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            Log.w(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to stop the service resolution because it's already stopped. Listener: "
+                            + listener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkOnHandlerThread() {
+        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on handler Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reset() {
+        mHandler.post(this::resetInternal);
+    }
+
+    private void resetInternal() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mRegistrationListeners.size(); ++i) {
+            try {
+                mNsdManager.unregisterService(mRegistrationListeners.valueAt(i));
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                Log.i(
+                        TAG,
+                        "Failed to unregister."
+                                + " Listener ID: "
+                                + mRegistrationListeners.keyAt(i)
+                                + " serviceInfo: "
+                                + mRegistrationListeners.valueAt(i).mServiceInfo,
+                        e);
+            }
+        }
+        mRegistrationListeners.clear();
+    }
+
+    /** On ot-daemon died, reset. */
+    public void onOtDaemonDied() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    private final class RegistrationListener implements NsdManager.RegistrationListener {
+        private final NsdServiceInfo mServiceInfo;
+        private final int mListenerId;
+        private final INsdStatusReceiver mRegistrationReceiver;
+        private final List<INsdStatusReceiver> mUnregistrationReceivers;
+
+        RegistrationListener(
+                @NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+                int listenerId,
+                @NonNull INsdStatusReceiver registrationReceiver) {
+            mServiceInfo = serviceInfo;
+            mListenerId = listenerId;
+            mRegistrationReceiver = registrationReceiver;
+            mUnregistrationReceivers = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+
+        void addUnregistrationReceiver(@NonNull INsdStatusReceiver unregistrationReceiver) {
+            mUnregistrationReceivers.add(unregistrationReceiver);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRegistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            mRegistrationListeners.remove(mListenerId);
+            Log.i(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to register listener ID: "
+                            + mListenerId
+                            + " error code: "
+                            + errorCode
+                            + " serviceInfo: "
+                            + serviceInfo);
+            try {
+                mRegistrationReceiver.onError(errorCode);
+            } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                // do nothing if the client is dead
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnregistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            for (INsdStatusReceiver receiver : mUnregistrationReceivers) {
+                Log.i(
+                        TAG,
+                        "Failed to unregister."
+                                + "Listener ID: "
+                                + mListenerId
+                                + ", error code: "
+                                + errorCode
+                                + ", serviceInfo: "
+                                + serviceInfo);
+                try {
+                    receiver.onError(errorCode);
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceRegistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            Log.i(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Registered successfully. "
+                            + "Listener ID: "
+                            + mListenerId
+                            + ", serviceInfo: "
+                            + serviceInfo);
+            try {
+                mRegistrationReceiver.onSuccess();
+            } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                // do nothing if the client is dead
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceUnregistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            for (INsdStatusReceiver receiver : mUnregistrationReceivers) {
+                Log.i(
+                        TAG,
+                        "Unregistered successfully. "
+                                + "Listener ID: "
+                                + mListenerId
+                                + ", serviceInfo: "
+                                + serviceInfo);
+                try {
+                    receiver.onSuccess();
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+            mRegistrationListeners.remove(mListenerId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class DiscoveryListener implements NsdManager.DiscoveryListener {
+        private final int mListenerId;
+        private final String mType;
+        private final INsdDiscoverServiceCallback mDiscoverServiceCallback;
+
+        DiscoveryListener(
+                int listenerId,
+                @NonNull String type,
+                @NonNull INsdDiscoverServiceCallback discoverServiceCallback) {
+            mListenerId = listenerId;
+            mType = type;
+            mDiscoverServiceCallback = discoverServiceCallback;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
+            Log.e(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to start service discovery."
+                            + " Error code: "
+                            + errorCode
+                            + ", listener: "
+                            + this);
+            mDiscoveryListeners.remove(mListenerId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
+            Log.e(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to stop service discovery."
+                            + " Error code: "
+                            + errorCode
+                            + ", listener: "
+                            + this);
+            mDiscoveryListeners.remove(mListenerId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStarted(String serviceType) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Started service discovery. Listener: " + this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStopped(String serviceType) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Stopped service discovery. Listener: " + this);
+            mDiscoveryListeners.remove(mListenerId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Found service: " + serviceInfo);
+            try {
+                mDiscoverServiceCallback.onServiceDiscovered(
+                        serviceInfo.getServiceName(), mType, true);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                // do nothing if the client is dead
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Lost service: " + serviceInfo);
+            try {
+                mDiscoverServiceCallback.onServiceDiscovered(
+                        serviceInfo.getServiceName(), mType, false);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                // do nothing if the client is dead
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "ID: " + mListenerId + ", type: " + mType;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class ServiceInfoListener implements NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback {
+        private final String mName;
+        private final String mType;
+        private final INsdResolveServiceCallback mResolveServiceCallback;
+        private final int mListenerId;
+
+        ServiceInfoListener(
+                @NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+                int listenerId,
+                @NonNull INsdResolveServiceCallback resolveServiceCallback) {
+            mName = serviceInfo.getServiceName();
+            mType = serviceInfo.getServiceType();
+            mListenerId = listenerId;
+            mResolveServiceCallback = resolveServiceCallback;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceInfoCallbackRegistrationFailed(int errorCode) {
+            Log.e(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Failed to register service info callback."
+                            + " Listener ID: "
+                            + mListenerId
+                            + ", error: "
+                            + errorCode
+                            + ", service name: "
+                            + mName
+                            + ", service type: "
+                            + mType);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceUpdated(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            Log.i(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Service is resolved. "
+                            + " Listener ID: "
+                            + mListenerId
+                            + ", serviceInfo: "
+                            + serviceInfo);
+            List<String> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (InetAddress address : serviceInfo.getHostAddresses()) {
+                if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                    addresses.add(address.getHostAddress());
+                }
+            }
+            List<DnsTxtAttribute> txtList = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Map.Entry<String, byte[]> entry : serviceInfo.getAttributes().entrySet()) {
+                DnsTxtAttribute attribute = new DnsTxtAttribute();
+                attribute.name = entry.getKey();
+                attribute.value = Arrays.copyOf(entry.getValue(), entry.getValue().length);
+                txtList.add(attribute);
+            }
+            // TODO: b/329018320 - Use the serviceInfo.getExpirationTime to derive TTL.
+            int ttlSeconds = 10;
+            try {
+                mResolveServiceCallback.onServiceResolved(
+                        serviceInfo.getHostname(),
+                        serviceInfo.getServiceName(),
+                        serviceInfo.getServiceType(),
+                        serviceInfo.getPort(),
+                        addresses,
+                        txtList,
+                        ttlSeconds);
+
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                // do nothing if the client is dead
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost() {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceInfoCallbackUnregistered() {
+            Log.i(TAG, "The service info callback is unregistered. Listener: " + this);
+            mServiceInfoListeners.remove(mListenerId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "ID: " + mListenerId + ", service name: " + mName + ", service type: " + mType;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/OperationReceiverWrapper.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/OperationReceiverWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bad63f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/OperationReceiverWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNAVAILABLE;
+
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/** A {@link IOperationReceiver} wrapper which makes it easier to invoke the callbacks. */
+final class OperationReceiverWrapper {
+    private final IOperationReceiver mReceiver;
+    private final boolean mExpectOtDaemonDied;
+
+    private static final Object sPendingReceiversLock = new Object();
+
+    @GuardedBy("sPendingReceiversLock")
+    private static final Set<OperationReceiverWrapper> sPendingReceivers = new HashSet<>();
+
+    public OperationReceiverWrapper(IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        this(receiver, false /* expectOtDaemonDied */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link OperationReceiverWrapper}.
+     *
+     * <p>If {@code expectOtDaemonDied} is {@code true}, it's expected that ot-daemon becomes dead
+     * before {@code receiver} is completed with {@code onSuccess} and {@code onError} and {@code
+     * receiver#onSuccess} will be invoked in this case.
+     */
+    public OperationReceiverWrapper(IOperationReceiver receiver, boolean expectOtDaemonDied) {
+        mReceiver = receiver;
+        mExpectOtDaemonDied = expectOtDaemonDied;
+
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            sPendingReceivers.add(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void onOtDaemonDied() {
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            for (OperationReceiverWrapper receiver : sPendingReceivers) {
+                try {
+                    if (receiver.mExpectOtDaemonDied) {
+                        receiver.mReceiver.onSuccess();
+                    } else {
+                        receiver.mReceiver.onError(ERROR_UNAVAILABLE, "Thread daemon died");
+                    }
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // The client is dead, do nothing
+                }
+            }
+            sPendingReceivers.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void onSuccess() {
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            sPendingReceivers.remove(this);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mReceiver.onSuccess();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // The client is dead, do nothing
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void onError(Throwable e) {
+        if (e instanceof ThreadNetworkException) {
+            ThreadNetworkException threadException = (ThreadNetworkException) e;
+            onError(threadException.getErrorCode(), threadException.getMessage());
+        } else if (e instanceof RemoteException) {
+            onError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Thread stack error");
+        } else {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage, Object... messageArgs) {
+        synchronized (sPendingReceiversLock) {
+            sPendingReceivers.remove(this);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mReceiver.onError(errorCode, String.format(errorMessage, messageArgs));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // The client is dead, do nothing
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index e8b95bc..af9abdf 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -1,31 +1,1619 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
  *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
  */
 
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE;
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ;
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID;
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.LENGTH_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_BITS;
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.LENGTH_NETWORK_KEY;
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.LENGTH_PSKC;
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_FIRST_BYTE;
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy.DEFAULT_ROTATION_TIME_HOURS;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_DISABLING;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_ENABLED;
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.THREAD_VERSION_1_3;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_ABORTED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_BUSY;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_RESPONSE_BAD_FORMAT;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager.DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager.PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED;
 
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_ABORT;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_BUSY;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_NO_BUFS;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_PARSE;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_REASSEMBLY_TIMEOUT;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_REJECTED;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.OT_STATE_DISABLED;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.OT_STATE_DISABLING;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.OT_STATE_ENABLED;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.TUN_IF_NAME;
+
+import android.Manifest.permission;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig;
+import android.net.LocalNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy;
+import android.net.thread.ChannelMaxPower;
+import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
+import android.net.thread.IStateCallback;
 import android.net.thread.IThreadNetworkController;
+import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
+import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DeviceRole;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ErrorCode;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
 
-/** Implementation of the {@link ThreadNetworkController} API. */
-public final class ThreadNetworkControllerService extends IThreadNetworkController.Stub {
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.ServiceManagerWrapper;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.BackboneRouterState;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.BorderRouterConfigurationParcel;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IChannelMasksReceiver;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemonCallback;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtStatusReceiver;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.Ipv6AddressInfo;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.MeshcopTxtAttributes;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.OnMeshPrefixConfig;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.OtDaemonState;
+
+import libcore.util.HexEncoding;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the {@link ThreadNetworkController} API.
+ *
+ * <p>Threading model: This class is not Thread-safe and should only be accessed from the
+ * ThreadNetworkService class. Additional attention should be paid to handle the threading code
+ * correctly: 1. All member fields other than `mHandler` and `mContext` MUST be accessed from the
+ * thread of `mHandler` 2. In the @Override methods, the actual work MUST be dispatched to the
+ * HandlerThread except for arguments or permissions checking
+ */
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+final class ThreadNetworkControllerService extends IThreadNetworkController.Stub {
+    private static final String TAG = "ThreadNetworkService";
+
+    // The model name length in utf-8 bytes
+    private static final int MAX_MODEL_NAME_UTF8_BYTES = 24;
+
+    // The max vendor name length in utf-8 bytes
+    private static final int MAX_VENDOR_NAME_UTF8_BYTES = 24;
+
+    // This regex pattern allows "XXXXXX", "XX:XX:XX" and "XX-XX-XX" OUI formats.
+    // Note that this regex allows "XX:XX-XX" as well but we don't need to be a strict checker
+    private static final String OUI_REGEX = "^([0-9A-Fa-f]{2}[:-]?){2}([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})$";
+
+    // The channel mask that indicates all channels from channel 11 to channel 24
+    private static final int CHANNEL_MASK_11_TO_24 = 0x1FFF800;
+
+    // Below member fields can be accessed from both the binder and handler threads
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+
+    // Below member fields can only be accessed from the handler thread (`mHandler`). In
+    // particular, the constructor does not run on the handler thread, so it must not touch any of
+    // the non-final fields, nor must it mutate any of the non-final fields inside these objects.
+
+    private final NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
+    private final Supplier<IOtDaemon> mOtDaemonSupplier;
+    private final ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    private final TunInterfaceController mTunIfController;
+    private final InfraInterfaceController mInfraIfController;
+    private final NsdPublisher mNsdPublisher;
+    private final OtDaemonCallbackProxy mOtDaemonCallbackProxy = new OtDaemonCallbackProxy();
+    private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
+    private final Supplier<String> mCountryCodeSupplier;
+
+    // This should not be directly used for calling IOtDaemon APIs because ot-daemon may die and
+    // {@code mOtDaemon} will be set to {@code null}. Instead, use {@code getOtDaemon()}
+    @Nullable private IOtDaemon mOtDaemon;
+    @Nullable private NetworkAgent mNetworkAgent;
+    @Nullable private NetworkAgent mTestNetworkAgent;
+
+    private MulticastRoutingConfig mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig = CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
+    private MulticastRoutingConfig mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig = CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
+    private Network mUpstreamNetwork;
+    private NetworkRequest mUpstreamNetworkRequest;
+    private UpstreamNetworkCallback mUpstreamNetworkCallback;
+    private TestNetworkSpecifier mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier;
+    private final HashMap<Network, String> mNetworkToInterface;
+    private final ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
+    private final UserManager mUserManager;
+    private boolean mUserRestricted;
+    private boolean mAirplaneModeOn;
+    private boolean mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled;
+
+    private BorderRouterConfigurationParcel mBorderRouterConfig;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    ThreadNetworkControllerService(
+            Context context,
+            Handler handler,
+            NetworkProvider networkProvider,
+            Supplier<IOtDaemon> otDaemonSupplier,
+            ConnectivityManager connectivityManager,
+            TunInterfaceController tunIfController,
+            InfraInterfaceController infraIfController,
+            ThreadPersistentSettings persistentSettings,
+            NsdPublisher nsdPublisher,
+            UserManager userManager,
+            ConnectivityResources resources,
+            Supplier<String> countryCodeSupplier) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mNetworkProvider = networkProvider;
+        mOtDaemonSupplier = otDaemonSupplier;
+        mConnectivityManager = connectivityManager;
+        mTunIfController = tunIfController;
+        mInfraIfController = infraIfController;
+        mUpstreamNetworkRequest = newUpstreamNetworkRequest();
+        mNetworkToInterface = new HashMap<Network, String>();
+        mBorderRouterConfig = new BorderRouterConfigurationParcel();
+        mPersistentSettings = persistentSettings;
+        mNsdPublisher = nsdPublisher;
+        mUserManager = userManager;
+        mResources = resources;
+        mCountryCodeSupplier = countryCodeSupplier;
+    }
+
+    public static ThreadNetworkControllerService newInstance(
+            Context context,
+            ThreadPersistentSettings persistentSettings,
+            Supplier<String> countryCodeSupplier) {
+        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("ThreadHandlerThread");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        Handler handler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());
+        NetworkProvider networkProvider =
+                new NetworkProvider(context, handlerThread.getLooper(), "ThreadNetworkProvider");
+
+        return new ThreadNetworkControllerService(
+                context,
+                handler,
+                networkProvider,
+                () -> IOtDaemon.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManagerWrapper.waitForService("ot_daemon")),
+                context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class),
+                new TunInterfaceController(TUN_IF_NAME),
+                new InfraInterfaceController(),
+                persistentSettings,
+                NsdPublisher.newInstance(context, handler),
+                context.getSystemService(UserManager.class),
+                new ConnectivityResources(context),
+                countryCodeSupplier);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest newUpstreamNetworkRequest() {
+        NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities();
+
+        if (mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier != null) {
+            return builder.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                    .setNetworkSpecifier(mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier)
+                    .build();
+        }
+        return builder.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private LocalNetworkConfig newLocalNetworkConfig() {
+        return new LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)
+                .setUpstreamSelector(mUpstreamNetworkRequest)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private void maybeInitializeOtDaemon() {
+        if (!shouldEnableThread()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Starting OT daemon...");
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize ot-daemon", e);
+        } catch (ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            // no ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED error should be thrown
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IOtDaemon getOtDaemon() throws RemoteException, ThreadNetworkException {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        if (mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled) {
+            throw new ThreadNetworkException(
+                    ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED, "ot-daemon is forcibly stopped");
+        }
+
+        if (mOtDaemon != null) {
+            return mOtDaemon;
+        }
+
+        IOtDaemon otDaemon = mOtDaemonSupplier.get();
+        if (otDaemon == null) {
+            throw new RemoteException("Internal error: failed to start OT daemon");
+        }
+
+        otDaemon.initialize(
+                mTunIfController.getTunFd(),
+                shouldEnableThread(),
+                mNsdPublisher,
+                getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources.get()),
+                mOtDaemonCallbackProxy,
+                mCountryCodeSupplier.get());
+        otDaemon.asBinder().linkToDeath(() -> mHandler.post(this::onOtDaemonDied), 0);
+        mOtDaemon = otDaemon;
+        return mOtDaemon;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static MeshcopTxtAttributes getMeshcopTxtAttributes(Resources resources) {
+        final String modelName = resources.getString(R.string.config_thread_model_name);
+        final String vendorName = resources.getString(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name);
+        final String vendorOui = resources.getString(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui);
+
+        if (!modelName.isEmpty()) {
+            if (modelName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length > MAX_MODEL_NAME_UTF8_BYTES) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Model name is longer than "
+                                + MAX_MODEL_NAME_UTF8_BYTES
+                                + "utf-8 bytes: "
+                                + modelName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!vendorName.isEmpty()) {
+            if (vendorName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length > MAX_VENDOR_NAME_UTF8_BYTES) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Vendor name is longer than "
+                                + MAX_VENDOR_NAME_UTF8_BYTES
+                                + " utf-8 bytes: "
+                                + vendorName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!vendorOui.isEmpty() && !Pattern.compile(OUI_REGEX).matcher(vendorOui).matches()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Vendor OUI is invalid: " + vendorOui);
+        }
+
+        MeshcopTxtAttributes meshcopTxts = new MeshcopTxtAttributes();
+        meshcopTxts.modelName = modelName;
+        meshcopTxts.vendorName = vendorName;
+        meshcopTxts.vendorOui = HexEncoding.decode(vendorOui.replace("-", "").replace(":", ""));
+        return meshcopTxts;
+    }
+
+    private void onOtDaemonDied() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        Log.w(TAG, "OT daemon is dead, clean up...");
+
+        OperationReceiverWrapper.onOtDaemonDied();
+        mOtDaemonCallbackProxy.onOtDaemonDied();
+        mTunIfController.onOtDaemonDied();
+        mNsdPublisher.onOtDaemonDied();
+        mOtDaemon = null;
+        maybeInitializeOtDaemon();
+    }
+
+    public void initialize() {
+        mHandler.post(
+                () -> {
+                    Log.d(
+                            TAG,
+                            "Initializing Thread system service: Thread is "
+                                    + (shouldEnableThread() ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
+                    try {
+                        mTunIfController.createTunInterface();
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException(
+                                "Failed to create Thread tunnel interface", e);
+                    }
+                    mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkProvider(mNetworkProvider);
+                    requestUpstreamNetwork();
+                    requestThreadNetwork();
+                    mUserRestricted = isThreadUserRestricted();
+                    registerUserRestrictionsReceiver();
+                    mAirplaneModeOn = isAirplaneModeOn();
+                    registerAirplaneModeReceiver();
+                    maybeInitializeOtDaemon();
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Force stops ot-daemon immediately and prevents ot-daemon from being restarted by
+     * system_server again.
+     *
+     * <p>This is for VTS testing only.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    void forceStopOtDaemonForTest(boolean enabled, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        mHandler.post(
+                () ->
+                        forceStopOtDaemonForTestInternal(
+                                enabled,
+                                new OperationReceiverWrapper(
+                                        receiver, true /* expectOtDaemonDied */)));
+    }
+
+    private void forceStopOtDaemonForTestInternal(
+            boolean enabled, @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (enabled == mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled) {
+            receiver.onSuccess();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!enabled) {
+            mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled = false;
+            maybeInitializeOtDaemon();
+            receiver.onSuccess();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon().terminate();
+            // Do not invoke the {@code receiver} callback here but wait for ot-daemon to
+            // become dead, so that it's guaranteed that ot-daemon is stopped when {@code
+            // receiver} is completed
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.terminate failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Thread stack error");
+        } catch (ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            // No ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED error will be thrown
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        } finally {
+            mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setEnabled(boolean isEnabled, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        mHandler.post(
+                () ->
+                        setEnabledInternal(
+                                isEnabled,
+                                true /* persist */,
+                                new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver)));
+    }
+
+    private void setEnabledInternal(
+            boolean isEnabled, boolean persist, @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (isEnabled && isThreadUserRestricted()) {
+            receiver.onError(
+                    ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION,
+                    "Cannot enable Thread: forbidden by user restriction");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Set Thread enabled: " + isEnabled + ", persist: " + persist);
+
+        if (persist) {
+            // The persistent setting keeps the desired enabled state, thus it's set regardless
+            // the otDaemon set enabled state operation succeeded or not, so that it can recover
+            // to the desired value after reboot.
+            mPersistentSettings.put(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED.key, isEnabled);
+
+            // Remember whether the user wanted to keep Thread enabled in airplane mode. If once
+            // the user disabled Thread again in airplane mode, the persistent settings state is
+            // reset (so that Thread will be auto-disabled again when airplane mode is turned on).
+            // This behavior is consistent with Wi-Fi and bluetooth.
+            if (mAirplaneModeOn) {
+                mPersistentSettings.put(
+                        ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE.key, isEnabled);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon().setThreadEnabled(isEnabled, newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.setThreadEnabled failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void registerUserRestrictionsReceiver() {
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                new BroadcastReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                        onUserRestrictionsChanged(isThreadUserRestricted());
+                    }
+                },
+                new IntentFilter(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED),
+                null /* broadcastPermission */,
+                mHandler);
+    }
+
+    private void onUserRestrictionsChanged(boolean newUserRestrictedState) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (mUserRestricted == newUserRestrictedState) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(
+                TAG,
+                "Thread user restriction changed: "
+                        + mUserRestricted
+                        + " -> "
+                        + newUserRestrictedState);
+        mUserRestricted = newUserRestrictedState;
+
+        final boolean shouldEnableThread = shouldEnableThread();
+        final IOperationReceiver receiver =
+                new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onSuccess() {
+                        Log.d(
+                                TAG,
+                                (shouldEnableThread ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
+                                        + " Thread due to user restriction change");
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+                        Log.e(
+                                TAG,
+                                "Failed to "
+                                        + (shouldEnableThread ? "enable" : "disable")
+                                        + " Thread for user restriction change");
+                    }
+                };
+        // Do not save the user restriction state to persistent settings so that the user
+        // configuration won't be overwritten
+        setEnabledInternal(
+                shouldEnableThread, false /* persist */, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver));
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if Thread has been restricted for the user. */
+    private boolean isThreadUserRestricted() {
+        return mUserManager.hasUserRestriction(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK);
+    }
+
+    private void registerAirplaneModeReceiver() {
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                new BroadcastReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                        onAirplaneModeChanged(isAirplaneModeOn());
+                    }
+                },
+                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED),
+                null /* broadcastPermission */,
+                mHandler);
+    }
+
+    private void onAirplaneModeChanged(boolean newAirplaneModeOn) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (mAirplaneModeOn == newAirplaneModeOn) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Airplane mode changed: " + mAirplaneModeOn + " -> " + newAirplaneModeOn);
+        mAirplaneModeOn = newAirplaneModeOn;
+
+        final boolean shouldEnableThread = shouldEnableThread();
+        final IOperationReceiver receiver =
+                new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onSuccess() {
+                        Log.d(
+                                TAG,
+                                (shouldEnableThread ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
+                                        + " Thread due to airplane mode change");
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+                        Log.e(
+                                TAG,
+                                "Failed to "
+                                        + (shouldEnableThread ? "enable" : "disable")
+                                        + " Thread for airplane mode change");
+                    }
+                };
+        // Do not save the user restriction state to persistent settings so that the user
+        // configuration won't be overwritten
+        setEnabledInternal(
+                shouldEnableThread, false /* persist */, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver));
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if Airplane mode has been turned on. */
+    private boolean isAirplaneModeOn() {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(
+                        mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0)
+                == 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if Thread should be enabled based on current settings, runtime user
+     * restriction and airplane mode state.
+     */
+    private boolean shouldEnableThread() {
+        final boolean enabledInAirplaneMode =
+                mPersistentSettings.get(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE);
+
+        return !mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled
+                && !mUserRestricted
+                // FIXME(b/340744397): Note that here we need to call `isAirplaneModeOn()` to get
+                // the latest state of airplane mode but can't use `mIsAirplaneMode`. This is for
+                // avoiding the race conditions described in b/340744397
+                && (!isAirplaneModeOn() || enabledInAirplaneMode)
+                && mPersistentSettings.get(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    private void requestUpstreamNetwork() {
+        if (mUpstreamNetworkCallback != null) {
+            throw new AssertionError("The upstream network request is already there.");
+        }
+        mUpstreamNetworkCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback();
+        mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(
+                mUpstreamNetworkRequest, mUpstreamNetworkCallback, mHandler);
+    }
+
+    private void cancelRequestUpstreamNetwork() {
+        if (mUpstreamNetworkCallback == null) {
+            throw new AssertionError("The upstream network request null.");
+        }
+        mNetworkToInterface.clear();
+        mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(mUpstreamNetworkCallback);
+        mUpstreamNetworkCallback = null;
+    }
+
+    private final class UpstreamNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Upstream network available: " + network);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Upstream network lost: " + network);
+
+            // TODO: disable border routing when upsteam network disconnected
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(
+                @NonNull Network network, @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+            String existingIfName = mNetworkToInterface.get(network);
+            String newIfName = linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            if (Objects.equals(existingIfName, newIfName)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.i(TAG, "Upstream network changed: " + existingIfName + " -> " + newIfName);
+            mNetworkToInterface.put(network, newIfName);
+
+            // TODO: disable border routing if netIfName is null
+            if (network.equals(mUpstreamNetwork)) {
+                enableBorderRouting(mNetworkToInterface.get(mUpstreamNetwork));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class ThreadNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Thread network is available: " + network);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Thread network is lost: " + network);
+            disableBorderRouting();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(
+                @NonNull Network network, @NonNull LocalNetworkInfo localNetworkInfo) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            Log.i(
+                    TAG,
+                    "LocalNetworkInfo of Thread network changed: {threadNetwork: "
+                            + network
+                            + ", localNetworkInfo: "
+                            + localNetworkInfo
+                            + "}");
+            if (localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork() == null) {
+                disableBorderRouting();
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork().equals(mUpstreamNetwork)) {
+                mUpstreamNetwork = localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork();
+                if (mNetworkToInterface.containsKey(mUpstreamNetwork)) {
+                    enableBorderRouting(mNetworkToInterface.get(mUpstreamNetwork));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void requestThreadNetwork() {
+        mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        // clearCapabilities() is needed to remove forbidden capabilities and UID
+                        // requirement.
+                        .clearCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(),
+                new ThreadNetworkCallback(),
+                mHandler);
+    }
+
+    /** Injects a {@link NetworkAgent} for testing. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void setTestNetworkAgent(@Nullable NetworkAgent testNetworkAgent) {
+        mTestNetworkAgent = testNetworkAgent;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgent newNetworkAgent() {
+        if (mTestNetworkAgent != null) {
+            return mTestNetworkAgent;
+        }
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCaps =
+                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                        .build();
+        final NetworkScore score =
+                new NetworkScore.Builder()
+                        .setKeepConnectedReason(NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build();
+        return new NetworkAgent(
+                mContext,
+                mHandler.getLooper(),
+                TAG,
+                netCaps,
+                mTunIfController.getLinkProperties(),
+                newLocalNetworkConfig(),
+                score,
+                new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build(),
+                mNetworkProvider) {};
+    }
+
+    private void registerThreadNetwork() {
+        if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mNetworkAgent = newNetworkAgent();
+        mNetworkAgent.register();
+        mNetworkAgent.markConnected();
+        Log.i(TAG, "Registered Thread network");
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterThreadNetwork() {
+        if (mNetworkAgent == null) {
+            // unregisterThreadNetwork can be called every time this device becomes detached or
+            // disabled and the mNetworkAgent may not be created in this cases
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.d(TAG, "Unregistering Thread network agent");
+
+        mNetworkAgent.unregister();
+        mNetworkAgent = null;
+    }
 
     @Override
     public int getThreadVersion() {
         return THREAD_VERSION_1_3;
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void createRandomizedDataset(
+            String networkName, IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver receiver) {
+        ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper receiverWrapper =
+                new ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper(receiver);
+        mHandler.post(() -> createRandomizedDatasetInternal(networkName, receiverWrapper));
+    }
+
+    private void createRandomizedDatasetInternal(
+            String networkName, @NonNull ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon().getChannelMasks(newChannelMasksReceiver(networkName, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.getChannelMasks failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IChannelMasksReceiver newChannelMasksReceiver(
+            String networkName, ActiveOperationalDatasetReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        return new IChannelMasksReceiver.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(int supportedChannelMask, int preferredChannelMask) {
+                ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
+                        createRandomizedDataset(
+                                networkName,
+                                supportedChannelMask,
+                                preferredChannelMask,
+                                new Random(),
+                                new SecureRandom());
+
+                receiver.onSuccess(dataset);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+                receiver.onError(otErrorToAndroidError(errorCode), errorMessage);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static ActiveOperationalDataset createRandomizedDataset(
+            String networkName,
+            int supportedChannelMask,
+            int preferredChannelMask,
+            Random random,
+            SecureRandom secureRandom) {
+        boolean authoritative = false;
+        Instant now = Instant.now();
+        try {
+            Clock clock = SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock();
+            now = clock.instant();
+            authoritative = true;
+        } catch (DateTimeException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to get authoritative time", e);
+        }
+
+        int panId = random.nextInt(/* bound= */ 0xffff);
+        final byte[] meshLocalPrefix = newRandomBytes(random, LENGTH_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_BITS / 8);
+        meshLocalPrefix[0] = MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_FIRST_BYTE;
+
+        final SparseArray<byte[]> channelMask = new SparseArray<>(1);
+        channelMask.put(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ, channelMaskToByteArray(supportedChannelMask));
+        final int channel = selectChannel(supportedChannelMask, preferredChannelMask, random);
+
+        final byte[] securityFlags = new byte[] {(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xf8};
+
+        return new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder()
+                .setActiveTimestamp(
+                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(
+                                now.getEpochSecond() & 0xffffffffffffL, 0, authoritative))
+                .setExtendedPanId(newRandomBytes(random, LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID))
+                .setPanId(panId)
+                .setNetworkName(networkName)
+                .setChannel(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ, channel)
+                .setChannelMask(channelMask)
+                .setPskc(newRandomBytes(secureRandom, LENGTH_PSKC))
+                .setNetworkKey(newRandomBytes(secureRandom, LENGTH_NETWORK_KEY))
+                .setMeshLocalPrefix(meshLocalPrefix)
+                .setSecurityPolicy(new SecurityPolicy(DEFAULT_ROTATION_TIME_HOURS, securityFlags))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private static int selectChannel(
+            int supportedChannelMask, int preferredChannelMask, Random random) {
+        // Due to radio hardware performance reasons, many Thread radio chips need to reduce their
+        // transmit power on edge channels to pass regulatory RF certification. Thread edge channel
+        // 25 and 26 are not preferred here.
+        //
+        // If users want to use channel 25 or 26, they can change the channel via the method
+        // ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeOperationalDataset).setChannel(channel).build().
+        preferredChannelMask = preferredChannelMask & CHANNEL_MASK_11_TO_24;
+
+        // If the preferred channel mask is not empty, select a random channel from it, otherwise
+        // choose one from the supported channel mask.
+        preferredChannelMask = preferredChannelMask & supportedChannelMask;
+        if (preferredChannelMask == 0) {
+            preferredChannelMask = supportedChannelMask;
+        }
+
+        return selectRandomChannel(preferredChannelMask, random);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] newRandomBytes(Random random, int length) {
+        byte[] result = new byte[length];
+        random.nextBytes(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] channelMaskToByteArray(int channelMask) {
+        // Per Thread spec, a Channel Mask is:
+        // A variable-length bit mask that identifies the channels within the channel page
+        // (1 = selected, 0 = unselected). The channels are represented in most significant bit
+        // order. For example, the most significant bit of the left-most byte indicates channel 0.
+        // If channel 0 and channel 10 are selected, the mask would be: 80 20 00 00. For IEEE
+        // 802.15.4-2006 2.4 GHz PHY, the ChannelMask is 27 bits and MaskLength is 4.
+        //
+        // The pass-in channelMask represents a channel K by (channelMask & (1 << K)), so here
+        // needs to do bit-wise reverse to convert it to the Thread spec format in bytes.
+        channelMask = Integer.reverse(channelMask);
+        return new byte[] {
+            (byte) (channelMask >>> 24),
+            (byte) (channelMask >>> 16),
+            (byte) (channelMask >>> 8),
+            (byte) channelMask
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static int selectRandomChannel(int supportedChannelMask, Random random) {
+        int num = random.nextInt(Integer.bitCount(supportedChannelMask));
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+            if ((supportedChannelMask & 1) == 1 && (num--) == 0) {
+                return i;
+            }
+            supportedChannelMask >>>= 1;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private void enforceAllPermissionsGranted(String... permissions) {
+        for (String permission : permissions) {
+            mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                    permission, "Permission " + permission + " is missing");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerStateCallback(IStateCallback stateCallback) throws RemoteException {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mOtDaemonCallbackProxy.registerStateCallback(stateCallback));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterStateCallback(IStateCallback stateCallback) throws RemoteException {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mOtDaemonCallbackProxy.unregisterStateCallback(stateCallback));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerOperationalDatasetCallback(IOperationalDatasetCallback callback)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(
+                permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mOtDaemonCallbackProxy.registerDatasetCallback(callback));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(IOperationalDatasetCallback callback)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(
+                permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mOtDaemonCallbackProxy.unregisterDatasetCallback(callback));
+    }
+
+    private void checkOnHandlerThread() {
+        if (Looper.myLooper() != mHandler.getLooper()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on ThreadNetworkControllerService thread ("
+                            + mHandler.getLooper()
+                            + ") : "
+                            + Looper.myLooper());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IOtStatusReceiver newOtStatusReceiver(OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        return new IOtStatusReceiver.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                receiver.onSuccess();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(int otError, String message) {
+                receiver.onError(otErrorToAndroidError(otError), message);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @ErrorCode
+    private static int otErrorToAndroidError(int otError) {
+        // See external/openthread/include/openthread/error.h for OT error definition
+        switch (otError) {
+            case OT_ERROR_ABORT:
+                return ERROR_ABORTED;
+            case OT_ERROR_BUSY:
+                return ERROR_BUSY;
+            case OT_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:
+                return ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+            case OT_ERROR_NO_BUFS:
+                return ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED;
+            case OT_ERROR_PARSE:
+                return ERROR_RESPONSE_BAD_FORMAT;
+            case OT_ERROR_REASSEMBLY_TIMEOUT:
+            case OT_ERROR_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT:
+                return ERROR_TIMEOUT;
+            case OT_ERROR_REJECTED:
+                return ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER;
+            case OT_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL:
+                return ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL;
+            case OT_ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED:
+                return ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+            case OT_ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION:
+                return ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+            case OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE:
+            default:
+                return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void join(
+            @NonNull ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        OperationReceiverWrapper receiverWrapper = new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver);
+        mHandler.post(() -> joinInternal(activeDataset, receiverWrapper));
+    }
+
+    private void joinInternal(
+            @NonNull ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset,
+            @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        try {
+            // The otDaemon.join() will leave first if this device is currently attached
+            getOtDaemon().join(activeDataset.toThreadTlvs(), newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.join failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void scheduleMigration(
+            @NonNull PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset,
+            @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        OperationReceiverWrapper receiverWrapper = new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver);
+        mHandler.post(() -> scheduleMigrationInternal(pendingDataset, receiverWrapper));
+    }
+
+    public void scheduleMigrationInternal(
+            @NonNull PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset,
+            @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon()
+                    .scheduleMigration(
+                            pendingDataset.toThreadTlvs(), newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.scheduleMigration failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void leave(@NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        mHandler.post(() -> leaveInternal(new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver)));
+    }
+
+    private void leaveInternal(@NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon().leave(newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.leave failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the country code.
+     *
+     * @param countryCode 2 characters string country code (as defined in ISO 3166) to set.
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void setCountryCode(@NonNull String countryCode, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        OperationReceiverWrapper receiverWrapper = new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver);
+        mHandler.post(() -> setCountryCodeInternal(countryCode, receiverWrapper));
+    }
+
+    private void setCountryCodeInternal(
+            String countryCode, @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        // Fails early to avoid waking up ot-daemon by the ThreadNetworkCountryCode class
+        if (!shouldEnableThread()) {
+            receiver.onError(
+                    ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED, "Can't set country code when Thread is disabled");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon().setCountryCode(countryCode, newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.setCountryCode failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
+            @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "setTestNetworkAsUpstream: " + testNetworkInterfaceName);
+        mHandler.post(() -> setTestNetworkAsUpstreamInternal(testNetworkInterfaceName, receiver));
+    }
+
+    private void setTestNetworkAsUpstreamInternal(
+            @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        TestNetworkSpecifier testNetworkSpecifier = null;
+        if (testNetworkInterfaceName != null) {
+            testNetworkSpecifier = new TestNetworkSpecifier(testNetworkInterfaceName);
+        }
+
+        if (!Objects.equals(mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier, testNetworkSpecifier)) {
+            cancelRequestUpstreamNetwork();
+            mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier = testNetworkSpecifier;
+            mUpstreamNetworkRequest = newUpstreamNetworkRequest();
+            requestUpstreamNetwork();
+            sendLocalNetworkConfig();
+        }
+        try {
+            receiver.onSuccess();
+        } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+            // do nothing if the client is dead
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiresPermission(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void setChannelMaxPowers(
+            @NonNull ChannelMaxPower[] channelMaxPowers, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        mHandler.post(
+                () ->
+                        setChannelMaxPowersInternal(
+                                channelMaxPowers, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver)));
+    }
+
+    private void setChannelMaxPowersInternal(
+            @NonNull ChannelMaxPower[] channelMaxPowers,
+            @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon().setChannelMaxPowers(channelMaxPowers, newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.setChannelMaxPowers failed", e);
+            receiver.onError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Thread stack error");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void enableBorderRouting(String infraIfName) {
+        if (mBorderRouterConfig.isBorderRoutingEnabled
+                && infraIfName.equals(mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceName)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Enable border routing on AIL: " + infraIfName);
+        try {
+            mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceName = infraIfName;
+            mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceIcmp6Socket =
+                    mInfraIfController.createIcmp6Socket(infraIfName);
+            mBorderRouterConfig.isBorderRoutingEnabled = true;
+
+            getOtDaemon()
+                    .configureBorderRouter(
+                            mBorderRouterConfig, new ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver());
+        } catch (RemoteException | IOException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to enable border routing", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void disableBorderRouting() {
+        mUpstreamNetwork = null;
+        mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceName = null;
+        mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceIcmp6Socket = null;
+        mBorderRouterConfig.isBorderRoutingEnabled = false;
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon()
+                    .configureBorderRouter(
+                            mBorderRouterConfig, new ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to disable border routing", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleThreadInterfaceStateChanged(boolean isUp) {
+        try {
+            mTunIfController.setInterfaceUp(isUp);
+            Log.i(TAG, "Thread TUN interface becomes " + (isUp ? "up" : "down"));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to handle Thread interface state changes", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleDeviceRoleChanged(@DeviceRole int deviceRole) {
+        if (ThreadNetworkController.isAttached(deviceRole)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Attached to the Thread network");
+
+            // This is an idempotent method which can be called for multiple times when the device
+            // is already attached (e.g. going from Child to Router)
+            registerThreadNetwork();
+        } else {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Detached from the Thread network");
+
+            // This is an idempotent method which can be called for multiple times when the device
+            // is already detached or stopped
+            unregisterThreadNetwork();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleAddressChanged(List<Ipv6AddressInfo> addressInfoList) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        mTunIfController.updateAddresses(addressInfoList);
+
+        // The OT daemon can send link property updates before the networkAgent is
+        // registered
+        if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
+            mNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(mTunIfController.getLinkProperties());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handlePrefixChanged(List<OnMeshPrefixConfig> onMeshPrefixConfigList) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        mTunIfController.updatePrefixes(onMeshPrefixConfigList);
+
+        // The OT daemon can send link property updates before the networkAgent is
+        // registered
+        if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
+            mNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(mTunIfController.getLinkProperties());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendLocalNetworkConfig() {
+        if (mNetworkAgent == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final LocalNetworkConfig localNetworkConfig = newLocalNetworkConfig();
+        mNetworkAgent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(localNetworkConfig);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Sent localNetworkConfig: " + localNetworkConfig);
+    }
+
+    private void handleMulticastForwardingChanged(BackboneRouterState state) {
+        MulticastRoutingConfig upstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
+        MulticastRoutingConfig downstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
+
+        if (state.multicastForwardingEnabled) {
+            // When multicast forwarding is enabled, setup upstream forwarding to any address
+            // with minimal scope 4
+            // setup downstream forwarding with addresses subscribed from Thread network
+            upstreamMulticastRoutingConfig =
+                    new MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, 4).build();
+            downstreamMulticastRoutingConfig =
+                    buildDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfigSelected(state.listeningAddresses);
+        } else {
+            // When multicast forwarding is disabled, set both upstream and downstream
+            // forwarding config to FORWARD_NONE.
+            upstreamMulticastRoutingConfig = CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
+            downstreamMulticastRoutingConfig = CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
+        }
+
+        if (upstreamMulticastRoutingConfig.equals(mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)
+                && downstreamMulticastRoutingConfig.equals(mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig = upstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
+        mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig = downstreamMulticastRoutingConfig;
+        sendLocalNetworkConfig();
+    }
+
+    private MulticastRoutingConfig buildDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfigSelected(
+            List<String> listeningAddresses) {
+        MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder builder =
+                new MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(FORWARD_SELECTED);
+        for (String addressStr : listeningAddresses) {
+            Inet6Address address = (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addressStr);
+            builder.addListeningAddress(address);
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    private static final class CallbackMetadata {
+        private static long gId = 0;
+
+        // The unique ID
+        final long id;
+
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient;
+
+        CallbackMetadata(IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient) {
+            this.id = allocId();
+            this.deathRecipient = deathRecipient;
+        }
+
+        private static long allocId() {
+            if (gId == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+                gId = 0;
+            }
+            return gId++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver extends IOtStatusReceiver.Stub {
+        public ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver() {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess() {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Configured border router successfully");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int i, String s) {
+            Log.w(TAG, String.format("Failed to configure border router: %d %s", i, s));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handles and forwards Thread daemon callbacks. This class must be accessed from the thread of
+     * {@code mHandler}.
+     */
+    private final class OtDaemonCallbackProxy extends IOtDaemonCallback.Stub {
+        private final Map<IStateCallback, CallbackMetadata> mStateCallbacks = new HashMap<>();
+        private final Map<IOperationalDatasetCallback, CallbackMetadata> mOpDatasetCallbacks =
+                new HashMap<>();
+
+        private OtDaemonState mState;
+        private ActiveOperationalDataset mActiveDataset;
+        private PendingOperationalDataset mPendingDataset;
+
+        public void registerStateCallback(IStateCallback callback) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            if (mStateCallbacks.containsKey(callback)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Registering the same IStateCallback twice");
+            }
+
+            IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient =
+                    () -> mHandler.post(() -> unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+            CallbackMetadata callbackMetadata = new CallbackMetadata(deathRecipient);
+            mStateCallbacks.put(callback, callbackMetadata);
+            try {
+                callback.asBinder().linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mStateCallbacks.remove(callback);
+                // This is thrown when the client is dead, do nothing
+            }
+
+            try {
+                getOtDaemon().registerStateCallback(this, callbackMetadata.id);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.registerStateCallback failed", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void unregisterStateCallback(IStateCallback callback) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            if (!mStateCallbacks.containsKey(callback)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            callback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mStateCallbacks.remove(callback).deathRecipient, 0);
+        }
+
+        public void registerDatasetCallback(IOperationalDatasetCallback callback) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            if (mOpDatasetCallbacks.containsKey(callback)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Registering the same IOperationalDatasetCallback twice");
+            }
+
+            IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient =
+                    () -> mHandler.post(() -> unregisterDatasetCallback(callback));
+            CallbackMetadata callbackMetadata = new CallbackMetadata(deathRecipient);
+            mOpDatasetCallbacks.put(callback, callbackMetadata);
+            try {
+                callback.asBinder().linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mOpDatasetCallbacks.remove(callback);
+            }
+
+            try {
+                getOtDaemon().registerStateCallback(this, callbackMetadata.id);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "otDaemon.registerStateCallback failed", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void unregisterDatasetCallback(IOperationalDatasetCallback callback) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            if (!mOpDatasetCallbacks.containsKey(callback)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            callback.asBinder()
+                    .unlinkToDeath(mOpDatasetCallbacks.remove(callback).deathRecipient, 0);
+        }
+
+        public void onOtDaemonDied() {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            if (mState == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final int deviceRole = mState.deviceRole;
+            mState = null;
+
+            // If this device is already STOPPED or DETACHED, do nothing
+            if (!ThreadNetworkController.isAttached(deviceRole)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // The Thread device role is considered DETACHED when the OT daemon process is dead
+            handleDeviceRoleChanged(DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED);
+            for (IStateCallback callback : mStateCallbacks.keySet()) {
+                try {
+                    callback.onDeviceRoleChanged(DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED);
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void onThreadEnabledChanged(int state, long listenerId) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            boolean stateChanged = (mState == null || mState.threadEnabled != state);
+
+            for (var callbackEntry : mStateCallbacks.entrySet()) {
+                if (!stateChanged && callbackEntry.getValue().id != listenerId) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    callbackEntry.getKey().onThreadEnableStateChanged(otStateToAndroidState(state));
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static int otStateToAndroidState(int state) {
+            switch (state) {
+                case OT_STATE_ENABLED:
+                    return STATE_ENABLED;
+                case OT_STATE_DISABLED:
+                    return STATE_DISABLED;
+                case OT_STATE_DISABLING:
+                    return STATE_DISABLING;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown ot state " + state);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStateChanged(OtDaemonState newState, long listenerId) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> onStateChangedInternal(newState, listenerId));
+        }
+
+        private void onStateChangedInternal(OtDaemonState newState, long listenerId) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            onInterfaceStateChanged(newState.isInterfaceUp);
+            onDeviceRoleChanged(newState.deviceRole, listenerId);
+            onPartitionIdChanged(newState.partitionId, listenerId);
+            onThreadEnabledChanged(newState.threadEnabled, listenerId);
+            mState = newState;
+
+            ActiveOperationalDataset newActiveDataset;
+            try {
+                if (newState.activeDatasetTlvs.length != 0) {
+                    newActiveDataset =
+                            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(newState.activeDatasetTlvs);
+                } else {
+                    newActiveDataset = null;
+                }
+                onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(newActiveDataset, listenerId);
+                mActiveDataset = newActiveDataset;
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Is unlikely that OT will generate invalid Operational Dataset
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid Active Operational Dataset from OpenThread", e);
+            }
+
+            PendingOperationalDataset newPendingDataset;
+            try {
+                if (newState.pendingDatasetTlvs.length != 0) {
+                    newPendingDataset =
+                            PendingOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(newState.pendingDatasetTlvs);
+                } else {
+                    newPendingDataset = null;
+                }
+                onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(newPendingDataset, listenerId);
+                mPendingDataset = newPendingDataset;
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Is unlikely that OT will generate invalid Operational Dataset
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid Pending Operational Dataset from OpenThread", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void onInterfaceStateChanged(boolean isUp) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            if (mState == null || mState.isInterfaceUp != isUp) {
+                handleThreadInterfaceStateChanged(isUp);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void onDeviceRoleChanged(@DeviceRole int deviceRole, long listenerId) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            boolean hasChange = (mState == null || mState.deviceRole != deviceRole);
+            if (hasChange) {
+                handleDeviceRoleChanged(deviceRole);
+            }
+
+            for (var callbackEntry : mStateCallbacks.entrySet()) {
+                if (!hasChange && callbackEntry.getValue().id != listenerId) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    callbackEntry.getKey().onDeviceRoleChanged(deviceRole);
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void onPartitionIdChanged(long partitionId, long listenerId) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            boolean hasChange = (mState == null || mState.partitionId != partitionId);
+
+            for (var callbackEntry : mStateCallbacks.entrySet()) {
+                if (!hasChange && callbackEntry.getValue().id != listenerId) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    callbackEntry.getKey().onPartitionIdChanged(partitionId);
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset, long listenerId) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            boolean hasChange = !Objects.equals(mActiveDataset, activeDataset);
+
+            for (var callbackEntry : mOpDatasetCallbacks.entrySet()) {
+                if (!hasChange && callbackEntry.getValue().id != listenerId) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    callbackEntry.getKey().onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(activeDataset);
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset, long listenerId) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            boolean hasChange = !Objects.equals(mPendingDataset, pendingDataset);
+            for (var callbackEntry : mOpDatasetCallbacks.entrySet()) {
+                if (!hasChange && callbackEntry.getValue().id != listenerId) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    callbackEntry.getKey().onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(pendingDataset);
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAddressChanged(List<Ipv6AddressInfo> addressInfoList) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleAddressChanged(addressInfoList));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onBackboneRouterStateChanged(BackboneRouterState state) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleMulticastForwardingChanged(state));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onPrefixChanged(List<OnMeshPrefixConfig> onMeshPrefixConfigList) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> handlePrefixChanged(onMeshPrefixConfigList));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkCountryCode.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkCountryCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a194114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkCountryCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.StringDef;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.location.Address;
+import android.location.Geocoder;
+import android.location.Location;
+import android.location.LocationManager;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.ActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.sysprop.ThreadNetworkProperties;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionInfo;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Provide functions for making changes to Thread Network country code. This Country Code is from
+ * location, WiFi, telephony or OEM configuration. This class sends Country Code to Thread Network
+ * native layer.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is thread-safe.
+ */
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+public class ThreadNetworkCountryCode {
+    private static final String TAG = "ThreadNetworkCountryCode";
+    // To be used when there is no country code available.
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final String DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE = "WW";
+
+    // Wait 1 hour between updates.
+    private static final long TIME_BETWEEN_LOCATION_UPDATES_MS = 1000L * 60 * 60 * 1;
+    // Minimum distance before an update is triggered, in meters. We don't need this to be too
+    // exact because all we care about is what country the user is in.
+    private static final float DISTANCE_BETWEEN_LOCALTION_UPDATES_METERS = 5_000.0f;
+
+    /** List of country code sources. */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @StringDef(
+            prefix = "COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_",
+            value = {
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_DEFAULT,
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_LOCATION,
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_OEM,
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_OVERRIDE,
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_TELEPHONY,
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_TELEPHONY_LAST,
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_WIFI,
+                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_SETTINGS,
+            })
+    private @interface CountryCodeSource {}
+
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_DEFAULT = "Default";
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_LOCATION = "Location";
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_OEM = "Oem";
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_OVERRIDE = "Override";
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_TELEPHONY = "Telephony";
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_TELEPHONY_LAST = "TelephonyLast";
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_WIFI = "Wifi";
+    private static final String COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_SETTINGS = "Settings";
+
+    private static final CountryCodeInfo DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE_INFO =
+            new CountryCodeInfo(DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE, COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_DEFAULT);
+
+    private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final LocationManager mLocationManager;
+    @Nullable private final Geocoder mGeocoder;
+    private final ThreadNetworkControllerService mThreadNetworkControllerService;
+    private final WifiManager mWifiManager;
+    private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    private final SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
+    private final Map<Integer, TelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfo> mTelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfoMap =
+            new ArrayMap();
+    private final ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
+
+    @Nullable private CountryCodeInfo mCurrentCountryCodeInfo;
+    @Nullable private CountryCodeInfo mLocationCountryCodeInfo;
+    @Nullable private CountryCodeInfo mOverrideCountryCodeInfo;
+    @Nullable private CountryCodeInfo mWifiCountryCodeInfo;
+    @Nullable private CountryCodeInfo mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo;
+    @Nullable private CountryCodeInfo mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo;
+    @Nullable private CountryCodeInfo mOemCountryCodeInfo;
+
+    /** Container class to store Thread country code information. */
+    private static final class CountryCodeInfo {
+        private String mCountryCode;
+        @CountryCodeSource private String mSource;
+        private final Instant mUpdatedTimestamp;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new {@code CountryCodeInfo} from the given country code, country code source
+         * and country coode created time.
+         *
+         * @param countryCode a String representation of the country code as defined in ISO 3166.
+         * @param countryCodeSource a String representation of country code source.
+         * @param instant a Instant representation of the time when the country code was created.
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code countryCode} contains invalid country code.
+         */
+        public CountryCodeInfo(
+                String countryCode, @CountryCodeSource String countryCodeSource, Instant instant) {
+            if (!isValidCountryCode(countryCode)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Country code is invalid: " + countryCode);
+            }
+
+            mCountryCode = countryCode;
+            mSource = countryCodeSource;
+            mUpdatedTimestamp = instant;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new {@code CountryCodeInfo} from the given country code, country code
+         * source. The updated timestamp of the country code will be set to the time when {@code
+         * CountryCodeInfo} was constructed.
+         *
+         * @param countryCode a String representation of the country code as defined in ISO 3166.
+         * @param countryCodeSource a String representation of country code source.
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code countryCode} contains invalid country code.
+         */
+        public CountryCodeInfo(String countryCode, @CountryCodeSource String countryCodeSource) {
+            this(countryCode, countryCodeSource, Instant.now());
+        }
+
+        public String getCountryCode() {
+            return mCountryCode;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isCountryCodeMatch(CountryCodeInfo countryCodeInfo) {
+            if (countryCodeInfo == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return Objects.equals(countryCodeInfo.mCountryCode, mCountryCode);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "CountryCodeInfo{ mCountryCode: "
+                    + mCountryCode
+                    + ", mSource: "
+                    + mSource
+                    + ", mUpdatedTimestamp: "
+                    + mUpdatedTimestamp
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Container class to store country code per SIM slot. */
+    private static final class TelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfo {
+        public int slotIndex;
+        public String countryCode;
+        public String lastKnownCountryCode;
+        public Instant timestamp;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "TelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfo{ slotIndex: "
+                    + slotIndex
+                    + ", countryCode: "
+                    + countryCode
+                    + ", lastKnownCountryCode: "
+                    + lastKnownCountryCode
+                    + ", timestamp: "
+                    + timestamp
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isLocationUseForCountryCodeEnabled() {
+        return mResources
+                .get()
+                .getBoolean(R.bool.config_thread_location_use_for_country_code_enabled);
+    }
+
+    public ThreadNetworkCountryCode(
+            LocationManager locationManager,
+            ThreadNetworkControllerService threadNetworkControllerService,
+            @Nullable Geocoder geocoder,
+            ConnectivityResources resources,
+            WifiManager wifiManager,
+            Context context,
+            TelephonyManager telephonyManager,
+            SubscriptionManager subscriptionManager,
+            @Nullable String oemCountryCode,
+            ThreadPersistentSettings persistentSettings) {
+        mLocationManager = locationManager;
+        mThreadNetworkControllerService = threadNetworkControllerService;
+        mGeocoder = geocoder;
+        mResources = resources;
+        mWifiManager = wifiManager;
+        mContext = context;
+        mTelephonyManager = telephonyManager;
+        mSubscriptionManager = subscriptionManager;
+        mPersistentSettings = persistentSettings;
+
+        if (oemCountryCode != null) {
+            mOemCountryCodeInfo = new CountryCodeInfo(oemCountryCode, COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_OEM);
+        }
+
+        mCurrentCountryCodeInfo = pickCountryCode();
+    }
+
+    public static ThreadNetworkCountryCode newInstance(
+            Context context,
+            ThreadNetworkControllerService controllerService,
+            ThreadPersistentSettings persistentSettings) {
+        return new ThreadNetworkCountryCode(
+                context.getSystemService(LocationManager.class),
+                controllerService,
+                Geocoder.isPresent() ? new Geocoder(context) : null,
+                new ConnectivityResources(context),
+                context.getSystemService(WifiManager.class),
+                context,
+                context.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class),
+                context.getSystemService(SubscriptionManager.class),
+                ThreadNetworkProperties.country_code().orElse(null),
+                persistentSettings);
+    }
+
+    /** Sets up this country code module to listen to location country code changes. */
+    public synchronized void initialize() {
+        registerGeocoderCountryCodeCallback();
+        registerWifiCountryCodeCallback();
+        registerTelephonyCountryCodeCallback();
+        updateTelephonyCountryCodeFromSimCard();
+        updateCountryCode(false /* forceUpdate */);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void registerGeocoderCountryCodeCallback() {
+        if ((mGeocoder != null) && isLocationUseForCountryCodeEnabled()) {
+            mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
+                    LocationManager.PASSIVE_PROVIDER,
+                    TIME_BETWEEN_LOCATION_UPDATES_MS,
+                    DISTANCE_BETWEEN_LOCALTION_UPDATES_METERS,
+                    location -> setCountryCodeFromGeocodingLocation(location));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void geocodeListener(List<Address> addresses) {
+        if (addresses != null && !addresses.isEmpty()) {
+            String countryCode = addresses.get(0).getCountryCode();
+
+            if (isValidCountryCode(countryCode)) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Set location country code to: " + countryCode);
+                mLocationCountryCodeInfo =
+                        new CountryCodeInfo(countryCode, COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_LOCATION);
+            } else {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Received invalid location country code");
+                mLocationCountryCodeInfo = null;
+            }
+
+            updateCountryCode(false /* forceUpdate */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void setCountryCodeFromGeocodingLocation(@Nullable Location location) {
+        if ((location == null) || (mGeocoder == null)) return;
+
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            Log.wtf(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Unexpected call to set country code from the Geocoding location, "
+                            + "Thread code never runs under T or lower.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mGeocoder.getFromLocation(
+                location.getLatitude(),
+                location.getLongitude(),
+                1 /* maxResults */,
+                this::geocodeListener);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void registerWifiCountryCodeCallback() {
+        if (mWifiManager != null) {
+            mWifiManager.registerActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback(
+                    r -> r.run(), new WifiCountryCodeCallback());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class WifiCountryCodeCallback implements ActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onActiveCountryCodeChanged(String countryCode) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Wifi country code is changed to " + countryCode);
+            synchronized ("ThreadNetworkCountryCode.this") {
+                if (isValidCountryCode(countryCode)) {
+                    mWifiCountryCodeInfo =
+                            new CountryCodeInfo(countryCode, COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_WIFI);
+                } else {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "WiFi country code " + countryCode + " is invalid");
+                    mWifiCountryCodeInfo = null;
+                }
+
+                updateCountryCode(false /* forceUpdate */);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCountryCodeInactive() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Wifi country code is inactived");
+            synchronized ("ThreadNetworkCountryCode.this") {
+                mWifiCountryCodeInfo = null;
+                updateCountryCode(false /* forceUpdate */);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void registerTelephonyCountryCodeCallback() {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            Log.wtf(
+                    TAG,
+                    "Unexpected call to register the telephony country code changed callback, "
+                            + "Thread code never runs under T or lower.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver =
+                new BroadcastReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                        int slotIndex =
+                                intent.getIntExtra(
+                                        SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SLOT_INDEX,
+                                        SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SIM_SLOT_INDEX);
+                        String lastKnownCountryCode = null;
+                        String countryCode =
+                                intent.getStringExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_COUNTRY);
+
+                        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
+                            lastKnownCountryCode =
+                                    intent.getStringExtra(
+                                            TelephonyManager.EXTRA_LAST_KNOWN_NETWORK_COUNTRY);
+                        }
+
+                        setTelephonyCountryCodeAndLastKnownCountryCode(
+                                slotIndex, countryCode, lastKnownCountryCode);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                broadcastReceiver,
+                new IntentFilter(TelephonyManager.ACTION_NETWORK_COUNTRY_CHANGED),
+                Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void updateTelephonyCountryCodeFromSimCard() {
+        List<SubscriptionInfo> subscriptionInfoList =
+                mSubscriptionManager.getActiveSubscriptionInfoList();
+
+        if (subscriptionInfoList == null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "No SIM card is found");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (SubscriptionInfo subscriptionInfo : subscriptionInfoList) {
+            String countryCode;
+            int slotIndex;
+
+            slotIndex = subscriptionInfo.getSimSlotIndex();
+            try {
+                countryCode = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkCountryIso(slotIndex);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get country code for slot index:" + slotIndex, e);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Log.d(TAG, "Telephony slot " + slotIndex + " country code is " + countryCode);
+            setTelephonyCountryCodeAndLastKnownCountryCode(
+                    slotIndex, countryCode, null /* lastKnownCountryCode */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void setTelephonyCountryCodeAndLastKnownCountryCode(
+            int slotIndex, String countryCode, String lastKnownCountryCode) {
+        Log.d(
+                TAG,
+                "Set telephony country code to: "
+                        + countryCode
+                        + ", last country code to: "
+                        + lastKnownCountryCode
+                        + " for slotIndex: "
+                        + slotIndex);
+
+        TelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfo telephonyCountryCodeInfoSlot =
+                mTelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfoMap.computeIfAbsent(
+                        slotIndex, k -> new TelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfo());
+        telephonyCountryCodeInfoSlot.slotIndex = slotIndex;
+        telephonyCountryCodeInfoSlot.timestamp = Instant.now();
+        telephonyCountryCodeInfoSlot.countryCode = countryCode;
+        telephonyCountryCodeInfoSlot.lastKnownCountryCode = lastKnownCountryCode;
+
+        mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo = null;
+        mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo = null;
+
+        for (TelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfo slotInfo : mTelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfoMap.values()) {
+            if ((mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo == null) && isValidCountryCode(slotInfo.countryCode)) {
+                mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo =
+                        new CountryCodeInfo(
+                                slotInfo.countryCode,
+                                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_TELEPHONY,
+                                slotInfo.timestamp);
+            }
+
+            if ((mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo == null)
+                    && isValidCountryCode(slotInfo.lastKnownCountryCode)) {
+                mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo =
+                        new CountryCodeInfo(
+                                slotInfo.lastKnownCountryCode,
+                                COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_TELEPHONY_LAST,
+                                slotInfo.timestamp);
+            }
+        }
+
+        updateCountryCode(false /* forceUpdate */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Priority order of country code sources (we stop at the first known country code source):
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>1. Override country code - Country code forced via shell command (local/automated
+     *       testing)
+     *   <li>2. Telephony country code - Current country code retrieved via cellular. If there are
+     *       multiple SIM's, the country code chosen is non-deterministic if they return different
+     *       codes. The first valid country code with the lowest slot number will be used.
+     *   <li>3. Wifi country code - Current country code retrieved via wifi (via 80211.ad).
+     *   <li>4. Last known telephony country code - Last known country code retrieved via cellular.
+     *       If there are multiple SIM's, the country code chosen is non-deterministic if they
+     *       return different codes. The first valid last known country code with the lowest slot
+     *       number will be used.
+     *   <li>5. Location country code - Country code retrieved from LocationManager passive location
+     *       provider.
+     *   <li>6. OEM country code - Country code retrieved from the system property
+     *       `threadnetwork.country_code`.
+     *   <li>7. Default country code `WW`.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @return the selected country code information.
+     */
+    private CountryCodeInfo pickCountryCode() {
+        if (mOverrideCountryCodeInfo != null) {
+            return mOverrideCountryCodeInfo;
+        }
+
+        if (mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo != null) {
+            return mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo;
+        }
+
+        if (mWifiCountryCodeInfo != null) {
+            return mWifiCountryCodeInfo;
+        }
+
+        if (mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo != null) {
+            return mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo;
+        }
+
+        if (mLocationCountryCodeInfo != null) {
+            return mLocationCountryCodeInfo;
+        }
+
+        String settingsCountryCode = mPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE);
+        if (settingsCountryCode != null) {
+            return new CountryCodeInfo(settingsCountryCode, COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
+        }
+
+        if (mOemCountryCodeInfo != null) {
+            return mOemCountryCodeInfo;
+        }
+
+        return DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE_INFO;
+    }
+
+    private IOperationReceiver newOperationReceiver(CountryCodeInfo countryCodeInfo) {
+        return new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                synchronized ("ThreadNetworkCountryCode.this") {
+                    mCurrentCountryCodeInfo = countryCodeInfo;
+                    mPersistentSettings.put(
+                            THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE.key, countryCodeInfo.getCountryCode());
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(int otError, String message) {
+                Log.e(
+                        TAG,
+                        "Error "
+                                + otError
+                                + ": "
+                                + message
+                                + ". Failed to set country code "
+                                + countryCodeInfo);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates country code to the Thread native layer.
+     *
+     * @param forceUpdate Force update the country code even if it was the same as previously cached
+     *     value.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public synchronized void updateCountryCode(boolean forceUpdate) {
+        CountryCodeInfo countryCodeInfo = pickCountryCode();
+
+        if (!forceUpdate && countryCodeInfo.isCountryCodeMatch(mCurrentCountryCodeInfo)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Ignoring already set country code " + countryCodeInfo.getCountryCode());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Set country code: " + countryCodeInfo);
+        mThreadNetworkControllerService.setCountryCode(
+                countryCodeInfo.getCountryCode().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT),
+                newOperationReceiver(countryCodeInfo));
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the current country code. */
+    public synchronized String getCountryCode() {
+        return mCurrentCountryCodeInfo.getCountryCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if {@code countryCode} is a valid country code.
+     *
+     * <p>A country code is valid if it consists of 2 alphabets.
+     */
+    public static boolean isValidCountryCode(String countryCode) {
+        return countryCode != null
+                && countryCode.length() == 2
+                && countryCode.chars().allMatch(Character::isLetter);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Overrides any existing country code.
+     *
+     * @param countryCode A 2-Character alphabetical country code (as defined in ISO 3166).
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code countryCode} is an invalid country code.
+     */
+    public synchronized void setOverrideCountryCode(String countryCode) {
+        if (!isValidCountryCode(countryCode)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The override country code is invalid");
+        }
+
+        mOverrideCountryCodeInfo = new CountryCodeInfo(countryCode, COUNTRY_CODE_SOURCE_OVERRIDE);
+        updateCountryCode(true /* forceUpdate */);
+    }
+
+    /** Clears the country code previously set through {@link #setOverrideCountryCode} method. */
+    public synchronized void clearOverrideCountryCode() {
+        mOverrideCountryCodeInfo = null;
+        updateCountryCode(true /* forceUpdate */);
+    }
+
+    /** Dumps the current state of this ThreadNetworkCountryCode object. */
+    public synchronized void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+        pw.println("---- Dump of ThreadNetworkCountryCode begin ----");
+        pw.println("mOverrideCountryCodeInfo        : " + mOverrideCountryCodeInfo);
+        pw.println("mTelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfoMap: " + mTelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfoMap);
+        pw.println("mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo       : " + mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo);
+        pw.println("mWifiCountryCodeInfo            : " + mWifiCountryCodeInfo);
+        pw.println("mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo   : " + mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo);
+        pw.println("mLocationCountryCodeInfo        : " + mLocationCountryCodeInfo);
+        pw.println("mOemCountryCodeInfo             : " + mOemCountryCodeInfo);
+        pw.println("mCurrentCountryCodeInfo         : " + mCurrentCountryCodeInfo);
+        pw.println("---- Dump of ThreadNetworkCountryCode end ------");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkService.java
index c6d47df..4c22278 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkService.java
@@ -16,12 +16,22 @@
 
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.thread.IThreadNetworkController;
 import android.net.thread.IThreadNetworkManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 
 import com.android.server.SystemService;
 
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -29,31 +39,87 @@
  * Implementation of the Thread network service. This is the entry point of Android Thread feature.
  */
 public class ThreadNetworkService extends IThreadNetworkManager.Stub {
-    private final ThreadNetworkControllerService mControllerService;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    @Nullable private ThreadNetworkCountryCode mCountryCode;
+    @Nullable private ThreadNetworkControllerService mControllerService;
+    private final ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
+    @Nullable private ThreadNetworkShellCommand mShellCommand;
 
     /** Creates a new {@link ThreadNetworkService} object. */
     public ThreadNetworkService(Context context) {
-        this(context, new ThreadNetworkControllerService());
-    }
-
-    private ThreadNetworkService(
-            Context context, ThreadNetworkControllerService controllerService) {
-        mControllerService = controllerService;
+        mContext = context;
+        mPersistentSettings = ThreadPersistentSettings.newInstance(context);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Called by the service initializer.
+     * Called by {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceInitializer}.
      *
      * @see com.android.server.SystemService#onBootPhase
      */
     public void onBootPhase(int phase) {
-        if (phase == SystemService.PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED) {
-            // TODO: initialize ThreadNetworkManagerService
+        if (phase == SystemService.PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY) {
+            mPersistentSettings.initialize();
+            mControllerService =
+                    ThreadNetworkControllerService.newInstance(
+                            mContext, mPersistentSettings, () -> mCountryCode.getCountryCode());
+            mCountryCode =
+                    ThreadNetworkCountryCode.newInstance(
+                            mContext, mControllerService, mPersistentSettings);
+            mControllerService.initialize();
+        } else if (phase == SystemService.PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED) {
+            // Country code initialization is delayed to the BOOT_COMPLETED phase because it will
+            // call into Wi-Fi and Telephony service whose country code module is ready after
+            // PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY and PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START
+            mCountryCode.initialize();
+            mShellCommand =
+                    new ThreadNetworkShellCommand(
+                            mContext,
+                            requireNonNull(mControllerService),
+                            requireNonNull(mCountryCode));
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public List<IThreadNetworkController> getAllThreadNetworkControllers() {
+        if (mControllerService == null) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
         return Collections.singletonList(mControllerService);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public int handleShellCommand(
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor in,
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor out,
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor err,
+            @NonNull String[] args) {
+        if (mShellCommand == null) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return mShellCommand.exec(
+                this,
+                in.getFileDescriptor(),
+                out.getFileDescriptor(),
+                err.getFileDescriptor(),
+                args);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+        if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP)
+                != PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            pw.println(
+                    "Permission Denial: can't dump ThreadNetworkService from from pid="
+                            + Binder.getCallingPid()
+                            + ", uid="
+                            + Binder.getCallingUid());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mCountryCode != null) {
+            mCountryCode.dump(fd, pw, args);
+        }
+
+        pw.println();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommand.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommand.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54155ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommand.java
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
+import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.BasicShellCommandHandler;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+/**
+ * Interprets and executes 'adb shell cmd thread_network <subcommand>'.
+ *
+ * <p>Subcommands which don't have an equivalent Java API now require the
+ * "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING" permission. For a specific subcommand, it also
+ * requires the same permissions of the equivalent Java / AIDL API.
+ *
+ * <p>To add new commands: - onCommand: Add a case "<command>" execute. Return a 0 if command
+ * executed successfully. - onHelp: add a description string.
+ */
+public final class ThreadNetworkShellCommand extends BasicShellCommandHandler {
+    private static final Duration SET_ENABLED_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+    private static final Duration LEAVE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+    private static final Duration MIGRATE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+    private static final Duration FORCE_STOP_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
+    private static final String PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING =
+            "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING";
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ThreadNetworkControllerService mControllerService;
+    private final ThreadNetworkCountryCode mCountryCode;
+
+    @Nullable private PrintWriter mOutputWriter;
+    @Nullable private PrintWriter mErrorWriter;
+
+    public ThreadNetworkShellCommand(
+            Context context,
+            ThreadNetworkControllerService controllerService,
+            ThreadNetworkCountryCode countryCode) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mControllerService = controllerService;
+        mCountryCode = countryCode;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void setPrintWriters(PrintWriter outputWriter, PrintWriter errorWriter) {
+        mOutputWriter = outputWriter;
+        mErrorWriter = errorWriter;
+    }
+
+    private PrintWriter getOutputWriter() {
+        return (mOutputWriter != null) ? mOutputWriter : getOutPrintWriter();
+    }
+
+    private PrintWriter getErrorWriter() {
+        return (mErrorWriter != null) ? mErrorWriter : getErrPrintWriter();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onHelp() {
+        final PrintWriter pw = getOutputWriter();
+        pw.println("Thread network commands:");
+        pw.println("  help or -h");
+        pw.println("    Print this help text.");
+        pw.println("  enable");
+        pw.println("    Enables Thread radio");
+        pw.println("  disable");
+        pw.println("    Disables Thread radio");
+        pw.println("  join <active-dataset-tlvs>");
+        pw.println("    Joins a network of the given dataset");
+        pw.println("  migrate <active-dataset-tlvs> <delay-seconds>");
+        pw.println("    Migrate to the given network by a specific delay");
+        pw.println("  leave");
+        pw.println("    Leave the current network and erase datasets");
+        pw.println("  force-stop-ot-daemon enabled | disabled ");
+        pw.println("    force stop ot-daemon service");
+        pw.println("  get-country-code");
+        pw.println("    Gets country code as a two-letter string");
+        pw.println("  force-country-code enabled <two-letter code> | disabled ");
+        pw.println("    Sets country code to <two-letter code> or left for normal value");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int onCommand(String cmd) {
+        // Treat no command as the "help" command
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(cmd)) {
+            cmd = "help";
+        }
+
+        switch (cmd) {
+            case "enable":
+                return setThreadEnabled(true);
+            case "disable":
+                return setThreadEnabled(false);
+            case "join":
+                return join();
+            case "leave":
+                return leave();
+            case "migrate":
+                return migrate();
+            case "force-stop-ot-daemon":
+                return forceStopOtDaemon();
+            case "force-country-code":
+                return forceCountryCode();
+            case "get-country-code":
+                return getCountryCode();
+            default:
+                return handleDefaultCommands(cmd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureTestingPermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING,
+                "Permission " + PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING + " is missing!");
+    }
+
+    private int setThreadEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setEnabledFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mControllerService.setEnabled(enabled, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        return waitForFuture(setEnabledFuture, SET_ENABLED_TIMEOUT, getErrorWriter());
+    }
+
+    private int join() {
+        byte[] datasetTlvs = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(getNextArgRequired());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset;
+        try {
+            dataset = ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(datasetTlvs);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            getErrorWriter().println("Invalid dataset argument: " + e.getMessage());
+            return -1;
+        }
+        // Do not wait for join to complete because this can take 8 to 30 seconds
+        mControllerService.join(dataset, new IOperationReceiver.Default());
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private int leave() {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> leaveFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mControllerService.leave(newOperationReceiver(leaveFuture));
+        return waitForFuture(leaveFuture, LEAVE_TIMEOUT, getErrorWriter());
+    }
+
+    private int migrate() {
+        byte[] datasetTlvs = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(getNextArgRequired());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset;
+        try {
+            dataset = ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(datasetTlvs);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            getErrorWriter().println("Invalid dataset argument: " + e.getMessage());
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int delaySeconds;
+        try {
+            delaySeconds = Integer.parseInt(getNextArgRequired());
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            getErrorWriter().println("Invalid delay argument: " + e.getMessage());
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        dataset,
+                        OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now()),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(delaySeconds));
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrateFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mControllerService.scheduleMigration(pendingDataset, newOperationReceiver(migrateFuture));
+        return waitForFuture(migrateFuture, MIGRATE_TIMEOUT, getErrorWriter());
+    }
+
+    private int forceStopOtDaemon() {
+        ensureTestingPermission();
+        final PrintWriter errorWriter = getErrorWriter();
+        boolean enabled;
+        try {
+            enabled = getNextArgRequiredTrueOrFalse("enabled", "disabled");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            errorWriter.println("Invalid argument: " + e.getMessage());
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        CompletableFuture<Void> forceStopFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mControllerService.forceStopOtDaemonForTest(enabled, newOperationReceiver(forceStopFuture));
+        return waitForFuture(forceStopFuture, FORCE_STOP_TIMEOUT, getErrorWriter());
+    }
+
+    private int forceCountryCode() {
+        ensureTestingPermission();
+        final PrintWriter perr = getErrorWriter();
+        boolean enabled;
+        try {
+            enabled = getNextArgRequiredTrueOrFalse("enabled", "disabled");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            perr.println("Invalid argument: " + e.getMessage());
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (enabled) {
+            String countryCode = getNextArgRequired();
+            if (!ThreadNetworkCountryCode.isValidCountryCode(countryCode)) {
+                perr.println(
+                        "Invalid argument: Country code must be a 2-letter"
+                                + " string. But got country code "
+                                + countryCode
+                                + " instead");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            mCountryCode.setOverrideCountryCode(countryCode);
+        } else {
+            mCountryCode.clearOverrideCountryCode();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private int getCountryCode() {
+        ensureTestingPermission();
+        getOutputWriter().println("Thread country code = " + mCountryCode.getCountryCode());
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationReceiver newOperationReceiver(CompletableFuture<Void> future) {
+        return new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                future.complete(null);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+                future.completeExceptionally(new ThreadNetworkException(errorCode, errorMessage));
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the future to complete within given timeout.
+     *
+     * <p>Returns 0 if {@code future} completed successfully, or -1 if {@code future} failed to
+     * complete. When failed, error messages are printed to {@code errorWriter}.
+     */
+    private int waitForFuture(
+            CompletableFuture<Void> future, Duration timeout, PrintWriter errorWriter) {
+        try {
+            future.get(timeout.toSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            return 0;
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            errorWriter.println("Failed: " + e.getMessage());
+        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+            errorWriter.println("Failed: " + e.getCause().getMessage());
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            errorWriter.println("Failed: command timeout for " + timeout);
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean argTrueOrFalse(String arg, String trueString, String falseString) {
+        if (trueString.equals(arg)) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (falseString.equals(arg)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Expected '"
+                            + trueString
+                            + "' or '"
+                            + falseString
+                            + "' as next arg but got '"
+                            + arg
+                            + "'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean getNextArgRequiredTrueOrFalse(String trueString, String falseString) {
+        String nextArg = getNextArgRequired();
+        return argTrueOrFalse(nextArg, trueString, falseString);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f18aac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.ApexEnvironment;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.util.AtomicFile;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Store persistent data for Thread network settings. These are key (string) / value pairs that are
+ * stored in ThreadPersistentSetting.xml file. The values allowed are those that can be serialized
+ * via {@link PersistableBundle}.
+ */
+public class ThreadPersistentSettings {
+    private static final String TAG = "ThreadPersistentSettings";
+
+    /** File name used for storing settings. */
+    private static final String FILE_NAME = "ThreadPersistentSettings.xml";
+
+    /** Current config store data version. This will be incremented for any additions. */
+    private static final int CURRENT_SETTINGS_STORE_DATA_VERSION = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the version of the data. This can be used to handle migration of data if some
+     * non-backward compatible change introduced.
+     */
+    private static final String VERSION_KEY = "version";
+
+    /******** Thread persistent setting keys ***************/
+    /** Stores the Thread feature toggle state, true for enabled and false for disabled. */
+    public static final Key<Boolean> THREAD_ENABLED = new Key<>("thread_enabled", true);
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that Thread was enabled (i.e. via the setEnabled() API) when the airplane mode is
+     * turned on in settings. When this value is {@code true}, the current airplane mode state will
+     * be ignored when evaluating the Thread enabled state.
+     */
+    public static final Key<Boolean> THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE =
+            new Key<>("thread_enabled_in_airplane_mode", false);
+
+    /** Stores the Thread country code, null if no country code is stored. */
+    public static final Key<String> THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE = new Key<>("thread_country_code", null);
+
+    /******** Thread persistent setting keys ***************/
+
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private final AtomicFile mAtomicFile;
+
+    private final Object mLock = new Object();
+
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private final PersistableBundle mSettings = new PersistableBundle();
+
+    private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
+
+    public static ThreadPersistentSettings newInstance(Context context) {
+        return new ThreadPersistentSettings(
+                new AtomicFile(new File(getOrCreateThreadNetworkDir(), FILE_NAME)),
+                new ConnectivityResources(context));
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    ThreadPersistentSettings(AtomicFile atomicFile, ConnectivityResources resources) {
+        mAtomicFile = atomicFile;
+        mResources = resources;
+    }
+
+    /** Initialize the settings by reading from the settings file. */
+    public void initialize() {
+        readFromStoreFile();
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (!mSettings.containsKey(THREAD_ENABLED.key)) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "\"thread_enabled\" is missing in settings file, using default value");
+                put(
+                        THREAD_ENABLED.key,
+                        mResources.get().getBoolean(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void putObject(String key, @Nullable Object value) {
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (value == null) {
+                mSettings.putString(key, null);
+            } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
+                mSettings.putBoolean(key, (Boolean) value);
+            } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
+                mSettings.putInt(key, (Integer) value);
+            } else if (value instanceof Long) {
+                mSettings.putLong(key, (Long) value);
+            } else if (value instanceof Double) {
+                mSettings.putDouble(key, (Double) value);
+            } else if (value instanceof String) {
+                mSettings.putString(key, (String) value);
+            } else {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported type " + value.getClass());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private <T> T getObject(String key, T defaultValue) {
+        Object value;
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (defaultValue == null) {
+                value = mSettings.getString(key, null);
+            } else if (defaultValue instanceof Boolean) {
+                value = mSettings.getBoolean(key, (Boolean) defaultValue);
+            } else if (defaultValue instanceof Integer) {
+                value = mSettings.getInt(key, (Integer) defaultValue);
+            } else if (defaultValue instanceof Long) {
+                value = mSettings.getLong(key, (Long) defaultValue);
+            } else if (defaultValue instanceof Double) {
+                value = mSettings.getDouble(key, (Double) defaultValue);
+            } else if (defaultValue instanceof String) {
+                value = mSettings.getString(key, (String) defaultValue);
+            } else {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported type " + defaultValue.getClass());
+            }
+        }
+        return (T) value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Store a value to the stored settings.
+     *
+     * @param key One of the settings keys.
+     * @param value Value to be stored.
+     */
+    public <T> void put(String key, @Nullable T value) {
+        putObject(key, value);
+        writeToStoreFile();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve a value from the stored settings.
+     *
+     * @param key One of the settings keys.
+     * @return value stored in settings, defValue if the key does not exist.
+     */
+    public <T> T get(Key<T> key) {
+        return getObject(key.key, key.defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Base class to store string key and its default value.
+     *
+     * @param <T> Type of the value.
+     */
+    public static class Key<T> {
+        public final String key;
+        public final T defaultValue;
+
+        private Key(String key, T defaultValue) {
+            this.key = key;
+            this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "[Key: " + key + ", DefaultValue: " + defaultValue + "]";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeToStoreFile() {
+        try {
+            final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            final PersistableBundle bundleToWrite;
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                bundleToWrite = new PersistableBundle(mSettings);
+            }
+            bundleToWrite.putInt(VERSION_KEY, CURRENT_SETTINGS_STORE_DATA_VERSION);
+            bundleToWrite.writeToStream(outputStream);
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                writeToAtomicFile(mAtomicFile, outputStream.toByteArray());
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Write to store file failed", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void readFromStoreFile() {
+        try {
+            final byte[] readData;
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "Reading from store file: " + mAtomicFile.getBaseFile());
+                readData = readFromAtomicFile(mAtomicFile);
+            }
+            final ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(readData);
+            final PersistableBundle bundleRead = PersistableBundle.readFromStream(inputStream);
+            // Version unused for now. May be needed in the future for handling migrations.
+            bundleRead.remove(VERSION_KEY);
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                mSettings.putAll(bundleRead);
+            }
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "No store file to read", e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Read from store file failed", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read raw data from the atomic file. Note: This is a copy of {@link AtomicFile#readFully()}
+     * modified to use the passed in {@link InputStream} which was returned using {@link
+     * AtomicFile#openRead()}.
+     */
+    private static byte[] readFromAtomicFile(AtomicFile file) throws IOException {
+        FileInputStream stream = null;
+        try {
+            stream = file.openRead();
+            int pos = 0;
+            int avail = stream.available();
+            byte[] data = new byte[avail];
+            while (true) {
+                int amt = stream.read(data, pos, data.length - pos);
+                if (amt <= 0) {
+                    return data;
+                }
+                pos += amt;
+                avail = stream.available();
+                if (avail > data.length - pos) {
+                    byte[] newData = new byte[pos + avail];
+                    System.arraycopy(data, 0, newData, 0, pos);
+                    data = newData;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (stream != null) stream.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Write the raw data to the atomic file. */
+    private static void writeToAtomicFile(AtomicFile file, byte[] data) throws IOException {
+        // Write the data to the atomic file.
+        FileOutputStream out = null;
+        try {
+            out = file.startWrite();
+            out.write(data);
+            file.finishWrite(out);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (out != null) {
+                file.failWrite(out);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Get device protected storage dir for the tethering apex. */
+    private static File getOrCreateThreadNetworkDir() {
+        final File threadnetworkDir;
+        final File apexDataDir =
+                ApexEnvironment.getApexEnvironment(TETHERING_MODULE_NAME)
+                        .getDeviceProtectedDataDir();
+        threadnetworkDir = new File(apexDataDir, "thread");
+
+        if (threadnetworkDir.exists() || threadnetworkDir.mkdirs()) {
+            return threadnetworkDir;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "Cannot write into thread network data directory: " + threadnetworkDir);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..976f93d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EADDRINUSE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFF_MULTICAST;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFF_NOARP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWLINK;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.RtNetlinkLinkMessage.IFLA_AF_SPEC;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.RtNetlinkLinkMessage.IFLA_INET6_ADDR_GEN_MODE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.RtNetlinkLinkMessage.IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_ACK;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructIfinfoMsg;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlAttr;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.Ipv6AddressInfo;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.OnMeshPrefixConfig;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.MulticastSocket;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Controller for virtual/tunnel network interfaces. */
+public class TunInterfaceController {
+    private static final String TAG = "TunIfController";
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final long INFINITE_LIFETIME = 0xffffffffL;
+    static final int MTU = 1280;
+
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("service-thread-jni");
+    }
+
+    private final String mIfName;
+    private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+    private final MulticastSocket mMulticastSocket; // For join group and leave group
+    private final List<InetAddress> mMulticastAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<RouteInfo> mNetDataPrefixes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private ParcelFileDescriptor mParcelTunFd;
+    private NetworkInterface mNetworkInterface;
+
+    /** Creates a new {@link TunInterfaceController} instance for given interface. */
+    public TunInterfaceController(String interfaceName) {
+        mIfName = interfaceName;
+        mLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(mIfName);
+        mLinkProperties.setMtu(MTU);
+        mMulticastSocket = createMulticastSocket();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns link properties of the Thread TUN interface. */
+    public LinkProperties getLinkProperties() {
+        return mLinkProperties;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the tunnel interface.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException if failed to create the interface
+     */
+    public void createTunInterface() throws IOException {
+        mParcelTunFd = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(nativeCreateTunInterface(mIfName, MTU));
+        try {
+            mNetworkInterface = NetworkInterface.getByName(mIfName);
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to get NetworkInterface", e);
+        }
+
+        setAddrGenModeToNone();
+    }
+
+    public void destroyTunInterface() {
+        try {
+            mParcelTunFd.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Should never fail
+        }
+        mParcelTunFd = null;
+        mNetworkInterface = null;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the FD of the tunnel interface. */
+    @Nullable
+    public ParcelFileDescriptor getTunFd() {
+        return mParcelTunFd;
+    }
+
+    private native int nativeCreateTunInterface(String interfaceName, int mtu) throws IOException;
+
+    /** Sets the interface up or down according to {@code isUp}. */
+    public void setInterfaceUp(boolean isUp) throws IOException {
+        if (!isUp) {
+            for (LinkAddress address : mLinkProperties.getAllLinkAddresses()) {
+                removeAddress(address);
+            }
+            for (RouteInfo route : mLinkProperties.getAllRoutes()) {
+                mLinkProperties.removeRoute(route);
+            }
+            mNetDataPrefixes.clear();
+        }
+        nativeSetInterfaceUp(mIfName, isUp);
+    }
+
+    private native void nativeSetInterfaceUp(String interfaceName, boolean isUp) throws IOException;
+
+    /** Adds a new address to the interface. */
+    public void addAddress(LinkAddress address) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Adding address " + address + " with flags: " + address.getFlags());
+
+        long preferredLifetimeSeconds;
+        long validLifetimeSeconds;
+
+        if (address.getDeprecationTime() == LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT
+                || address.getDeprecationTime() == LinkAddress.LIFETIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            preferredLifetimeSeconds = INFINITE_LIFETIME;
+        } else {
+            preferredLifetimeSeconds =
+                    Math.max(
+                            (address.getDeprecationTime() - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()) / 1000L,
+                            0L);
+        }
+
+        if (address.getExpirationTime() == LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT
+                || address.getExpirationTime() == LinkAddress.LIFETIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            validLifetimeSeconds = INFINITE_LIFETIME;
+        } else {
+            validLifetimeSeconds =
+                    Math.max(
+                            (address.getExpirationTime() - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()) / 1000L,
+                            0L);
+        }
+
+        if (!NetlinkUtils.sendRtmNewAddressRequest(
+                Os.if_nametoindex(mIfName),
+                address.getAddress(),
+                (short) address.getPrefixLength(),
+                address.getFlags(),
+                (byte) address.getScope(),
+                preferredLifetimeSeconds,
+                validLifetimeSeconds)) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to add address " + address.getAddress().getHostAddress());
+            return;
+        }
+        mLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(address);
+        mLinkProperties.addRoute(getRouteForAddress(address));
+    }
+
+    /** Removes an address from the interface. */
+    public void removeAddress(LinkAddress address) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Removing address " + address);
+
+        // Intentionally update the mLinkProperties before send netlink message because the
+        // address is already removed from ot-daemon and apps can't reach to the address even
+        // when the netlink request below fails
+        mLinkProperties.removeLinkAddress(address);
+        mLinkProperties.removeRoute(getRouteForAddress(address));
+        if (!NetlinkUtils.sendRtmDelAddressRequest(
+                Os.if_nametoindex(mIfName),
+                (Inet6Address) address.getAddress(),
+                (short) address.getPrefixLength())) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to remove address " + address.getAddress().getHostAddress());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void updateAddresses(List<Ipv6AddressInfo> addressInfoList) {
+        final List<LinkAddress> newLinkAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        final List<InetAddress> newMulticastAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        boolean hasActiveOmrAddress = false;
+
+        for (Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo : addressInfoList) {
+            if (addressInfo.isActiveOmr) {
+                hasActiveOmrAddress = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo : addressInfoList) {
+            InetAddress address = addressInfoToInetAddress(addressInfo);
+            if (address.isMulticastAddress()) {
+                newMulticastAddresses.add(address);
+            } else {
+                newLinkAddresses.add(newLinkAddress(addressInfo, hasActiveOmrAddress));
+            }
+        }
+
+        final CompareResult<LinkAddress> addressDiff =
+                new CompareResult<>(mLinkProperties.getAllLinkAddresses(), newLinkAddresses);
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddress : addressDiff.removed) {
+            removeAddress(linkAddress);
+        }
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddress : addressDiff.added) {
+            addAddress(linkAddress);
+        }
+
+        final CompareResult<InetAddress> multicastAddressDiff =
+                new CompareResult<>(mMulticastAddresses, newMulticastAddresses);
+        for (InetAddress address : multicastAddressDiff.removed) {
+            leaveGroup(address);
+        }
+        for (InetAddress address : multicastAddressDiff.added) {
+            joinGroup(address);
+        }
+        mMulticastAddresses.clear();
+        mMulticastAddresses.addAll(newMulticastAddresses);
+    }
+
+    public void updatePrefixes(List<OnMeshPrefixConfig> onMeshPrefixConfigList) {
+        final List<RouteInfo> newNetDataPrefixes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (OnMeshPrefixConfig onMeshPrefixConfig : onMeshPrefixConfigList) {
+            newNetDataPrefixes.add(getRouteForOnMeshPrefix(onMeshPrefixConfig));
+        }
+
+        final CompareResult<RouteInfo> prefixDiff =
+                new CompareResult<>(mNetDataPrefixes, newNetDataPrefixes);
+        for (RouteInfo routeRemoved : prefixDiff.removed) {
+            mLinkProperties.removeRoute(routeRemoved);
+        }
+        for (RouteInfo routeAdded : prefixDiff.added) {
+            mLinkProperties.addRoute(routeAdded);
+        }
+
+        mNetDataPrefixes.clear();
+        mNetDataPrefixes.addAll(newNetDataPrefixes);
+    }
+
+    private RouteInfo getRouteForAddress(LinkAddress linkAddress) {
+        return getRouteForIpPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix(linkAddress.getAddress(), linkAddress.getPrefixLength()));
+    }
+
+    private RouteInfo getRouteForOnMeshPrefix(OnMeshPrefixConfig onMeshPrefixConfig) {
+        return getRouteForIpPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix(
+                        bytesToInet6Address(onMeshPrefixConfig.prefix),
+                        onMeshPrefixConfig.prefixLength));
+    }
+
+    private RouteInfo getRouteForIpPrefix(IpPrefix ipPrefix) {
+        return new RouteInfo(ipPrefix, null, mIfName, RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST, MTU);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by {@link ThreadNetworkControllerService} to do clean up when ot-daemon is dead. */
+    public void onOtDaemonDied() {
+        try {
+            setInterfaceUp(false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set Thread TUN interface down");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress addressInfoToInetAddress(Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo) {
+        return bytesToInet6Address(addressInfo.address);
+    }
+
+    private static Inet6Address bytesToInet6Address(byte[] addressBytes) {
+        try {
+            return (Inet6Address) Inet6Address.getByAddress(addressBytes);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            // This is unlikely to happen unless the Thread daemon is critically broken
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static LinkAddress newLinkAddress(
+            Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo, boolean hasActiveOmrAddress) {
+        // Mesh-local addresses and OMR address have the same scope, to distinguish them we set
+        // mesh-local addresses as deprecated when there is an active OMR address.
+        // For OMR address and link-local address we only use the value isPreferred set by
+        // ot-daemon.
+        boolean isPreferred = addressInfo.isPreferred;
+        if (addressInfo.isMeshLocal && hasActiveOmrAddress) {
+            isPreferred = false;
+        }
+
+        final long deprecationTimeMillis =
+                isPreferred ? LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT : SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+
+        final InetAddress address = addressInfoToInetAddress(addressInfo);
+
+        // flags and scope will be adjusted automatically depending on the address and
+        // its lifetimes.
+        return new LinkAddress(
+                address,
+                addressInfo.prefixLength,
+                0 /* flags */,
+                0 /* scope */,
+                deprecationTimeMillis,
+                LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT /* expirationTime */);
+    }
+
+    private MulticastSocket createMulticastSocket() {
+        try {
+            return new MulticastSocket();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create multicast socket ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void joinGroup(InetAddress address) {
+        InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+        try {
+            mMulticastSocket.joinGroup(socketAddress, mNetworkInterface);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (e.getCause() instanceof ErrnoException) {
+                ErrnoException ee = (ErrnoException) e.getCause();
+                if (ee.errno == EADDRINUSE) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Already joined group" + address.getHostAddress(), e);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to join group " + address.getHostAddress(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void leaveGroup(InetAddress address) {
+        InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+        try {
+            mMulticastSocket.leaveGroup(socketAddress, mNetworkInterface);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to leave group " + address.getHostAddress(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the address generation mode to {@code IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE}.
+     *
+     * <p>So that the "thread-wpan" interface has only one IPv6 link local address which is
+     * generated by OpenThread.
+     */
+    private void setAddrGenModeToNone() {
+        StructNlMsgHdr header = new StructNlMsgHdr();
+        header.nlmsg_type = RTM_NEWLINK;
+        header.nlmsg_pid = 0;
+        header.nlmsg_seq = 0;
+        header.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK;
+
+        StructIfinfoMsg ifInfo =
+                new StructIfinfoMsg(
+                        (short) 0 /* family */,
+                        0 /* type */,
+                        Os.if_nametoindex(mIfName),
+                        (IFF_MULTICAST | IFF_NOARP) /* flags */,
+                        0xffffffff /* change */);
+
+        // Nested attributes
+        // IFLA_AF_SPEC
+        //   AF_INET6
+        //     IFLA_INET6_ADDR_GEN_MODE
+        StructNlAttr addrGenMode =
+                new StructNlAttr(IFLA_INET6_ADDR_GEN_MODE, (byte) IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE);
+        StructNlAttr afInet6 = new StructNlAttr((short) AF_INET6, addrGenMode);
+        StructNlAttr afSpec = new StructNlAttr(IFLA_AF_SPEC, afInet6);
+
+        final int msgLength =
+                StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE
+                        + StructIfinfoMsg.STRUCT_SIZE
+                        + afSpec.getAlignedLength();
+        byte[] msg = new byte[msgLength];
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(msg);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        header.nlmsg_len = msgLength;
+        header.pack(buf);
+        ifInfo.pack(buf);
+        afSpec.pack(buf);
+
+        if (buf.position() != msgLength) {
+            throw new AssertionError(
+                    String.format(
+                            "Unexpected netlink message size (actual = %d, expected = %d)",
+                            buf.position(), msgLength));
+        }
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "ADDR_GEN_MODE message is:");
+            Log.d(TAG, HexDump.dumpHexString(msg));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            NetlinkUtils.sendOneShotKernelMessage(NETLINK_ROUTE, msg);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set ADDR_GEN_MODE to NONE", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d24eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "jniThreadInfra"
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <ifaddrs.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/if_arp.h>
+#include <linux/ioctl.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/icmp6.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <spawn.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "jni.h"
+#include "nativehelper/JNIHelp.h"
+#include "nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h"
+
+namespace android {
+static jint
+com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createIcmp6Socket(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz,
+                                                                     jstring interfaceName) {
+  ScopedUtfChars ifName(env, interfaceName);
+
+  struct icmp6_filter filter;
+  constexpr int kEnable = 1;
+  constexpr int kIpv6ChecksumOffset = 2;
+  constexpr int kHopLimit = 255;
+
+  // Initializes the ICMPv6 socket.
+  int sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
+  if (sock == -1) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to create the socket (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // Only accept Router Advertisements, Router Solicitations and Neighbor
+  // Advertisements.
+  ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filter);
+  ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT, &filter);
+  ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ND_ROUTER_ADVERT, &filter);
+  ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT, &filter);
+
+  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &filter, sizeof(filter)) != 0) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt ICMP6_FILTER (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    close(sock);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // We want a source address and interface index.
+
+  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &kEnable, sizeof(kEnable)) != 0) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_RECVPKTINFO (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    close(sock);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, &kIpv6ChecksumOffset,
+                 sizeof(kIpv6ChecksumOffset)) != 0) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_CHECKSUM (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    close(sock);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // We need to be able to reject RAs arriving from off-link.
+  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &kEnable, sizeof(kEnable)) != 0) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    close(sock);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &kHopLimit, sizeof(kHopLimit)) != 0) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    close(sock);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &kHopLimit, sizeof(kHopLimit)) != 0) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
+                         "failed to create the setsockopt IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    close(sock);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, ifName.c_str(), strlen(ifName.c_str()))) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt SO_BINDTODEVICE (%s)",
+                         strerror(errno));
+    close(sock);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return sock;
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    {"nativeCreateIcmp6Socket", "(Ljava/lang/String;)I",
+     (void *)com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createIcmp6Socket},
+};
+
+int register_com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController(JNIEnv *env) {
+  return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController",
+                                  gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController.cpp b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c56bc0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "jniThreadTun"
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/if_arp.h>
+#include <linux/if_tun.h>
+#include <linux/ioctl.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <spawn.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include "jni.h"
+#include "nativehelper/JNIHelp.h"
+#include "nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h"
+
+namespace android {
+static jint com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController_createTunInterface(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring interfaceName, jint mtu) {
+    ScopedUtfChars ifName(env, interfaceName);
+
+    int fd = open("/dev/net/tun", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "open tun device failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct ifreq ifr = {
+            .ifr_flags = IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI | static_cast<short>(IFF_TUN_EXCL),
+    };
+    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifName.c_str(), sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+
+    if (ioctl(fd, TUNSETIFF, &ifr, sizeof(ifr)) != 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "ioctl(TUNSETIFF) failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+        close(fd);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int inet6 = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_IP);
+    if (inet6 == -1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "create inet6 socket failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+        close(fd);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ifr.ifr_mtu = mtu;
+    if (ioctl(inet6, SIOCSIFMTU, &ifr) != 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "ioctl(SIOCSIFMTU) failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+        close(fd);
+        close(inet6);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    close(inet6);
+    return fd;
+}
+
+static void com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController_setInterfaceUp(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring interfaceName, jboolean isUp) {
+    struct ifreq ifr;
+    ScopedUtfChars ifName(env, interfaceName);
+
+    ifr.ifr_flags = isUp ? IFF_UP : 0;
+    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifName.c_str(), sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+
+    int inet6 = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_IP);
+    if (inet6 == -1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "create inet6 socket failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(inet6, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) != 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "ioctl(SIOCSIFFLAGS) failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    close(inet6);
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+        /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+        {"nativeCreateTunInterface",
+         "(Ljava/lang/String;I)I",
+         (void*)com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController_createTunInterface},
+        {"nativeSetInterfaceUp",
+         "(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V",
+         (void*)com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController_setInterfaceUp},
+};
+
+int register_com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController",
+                                    gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+};  // namespace android
diff --git a/thread/service/jni/onload.cpp b/thread/service/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66add74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "jni.h"
+#include "utils/Log.h"
+
+namespace android {
+int register_com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController(JNIEnv* env);
+}
+
+using namespace android;
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* /* reserved */) {
+    JNIEnv* env = NULL;
+
+    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed!");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ALOG_ASSERT(env != NULL, "Could not retrieve the env!");
+
+    register_com_android_server_thread_TunInterfaceController(env);
+    register_com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController(env);
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_4;
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp b/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp
index b75b8e6..8cdf38d 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
 android_test {
     name: "CtsThreadNetworkTestCases",
-    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
     min_sdk_version: "33",
     sdk_version: "test_current",
     manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
@@ -31,22 +31,26 @@
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
+        "mcts-tethering",
         "mts-tethering",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.ext.junit",
         "compatibility-device-util-axt",
         "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "guava",
         "guava-android-testlib",
         "net-tests-utils",
+        "ThreadNetworkTestUtils",
         "truth",
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.test.base",
         "android.test.runner",
-        "framework-connectivity-flagged-apis"
+        "framework-connectivity-module-api-stubs-including-flagged",
     ],
     // Test coverage system runs on different devices. Need to
     // compile for all architectures.
     compile_multilib: "both",
+    platform_apis: true,
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/AndroidManifest.xml b/thread/tests/cts/AndroidManifest.xml
index 4370fe3..1541bf5 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     package="android.net.thread.cts">
 
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+
     <application android:debuggable="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
     </application>
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java
index 39df21b..996d22d 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder;
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy;
 import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@
 import com.google.common.primitives.Bytes;
 import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
 
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@
 
 /** CTS tests for {@link ActiveOperationalDataset}. */
 @SmallTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public final class ActiveOperationalDatasetTest {
     private static final int TYPE_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP = 14;
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@
     // PAN ID: 0xD9A0
     // PSKc: A245479C836D551B9CA557F7B9D351B4
     // Security Policy: 672 onrcb
-    private static final byte[] VALID_DATASET =
+    private static final byte[] VALID_DATASET_TLVS =
             base16().decode(
                             "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
                                     + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
@@ -78,6 +82,11 @@
                                     + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
                                     + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
 
+    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_DATASET =
+            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(VALID_DATASET_TLVS);
+
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
     private static byte[] removeTlv(byte[] dataset, int type) {
         ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(dataset.length);
         int i = 0;
@@ -105,7 +114,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void parcelable_parcelingIsLossLess() {
-        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset = ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(VALID_DATASET);
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
+                ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(VALID_DATASET_TLVS);
 
         assertParcelingIsLossless(dataset);
     }
@@ -126,7 +136,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidNetworkKeyTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_NETWORK_KEY, "05080000000000000000");
+        byte[] invalidTlv =
+                replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_NETWORK_KEY, "05080000000000000000");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -135,7 +146,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noNetworkKeyTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_NETWORK_KEY);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_NETWORK_KEY);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -144,7 +155,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidActiveTimestampTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP, "0E0700000000010000");
+        byte[] invalidTlv =
+                replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP, "0E0700000000010000");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -153,7 +165,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noActiveTimestampTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_ACTIVE_TIMESTAMP);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -162,7 +174,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidNetworkNameTlv_emptyName_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_NETWORK_NAME, "0300");
+        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_NETWORK_NAME, "0300");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -173,7 +185,9 @@
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidNetworkNameTlv_tooLongName_throwsIllegalArgument() {
         byte[] invalidTlv =
                 replaceTlv(
-                        VALID_DATASET, TYPE_NETWORK_NAME, "03114142434445464748494A4B4C4D4E4F5051");
+                        VALID_DATASET_TLVS,
+                        TYPE_NETWORK_NAME,
+                        "03114142434445464748494A4B4C4D4E4F5051");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -182,7 +196,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noNetworkNameTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_NETWORK_NAME);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_NETWORK_NAME);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -191,7 +205,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidChannelTlv_channelMissing_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL, "000100");
+        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL, "000100");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -200,7 +214,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_undefinedChannelPage_success() {
-        byte[] datasetTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL, "0003010020");
+        byte[] datasetTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL, "0003010020");
 
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset = ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(datasetTlv);
 
@@ -210,8 +224,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalid2P4GhzChannel_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv1 = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL, "000300000A");
-        byte[] invalidTlv2 = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL, "000300001B");
+        byte[] invalidTlv1 = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL, "000300000A");
+        byte[] invalidTlv2 = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL, "000300001B");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -223,7 +237,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_valid2P4GhzChannelTlv_success() {
-        byte[] validTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL, "0003000010");
+        byte[] validTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL, "0003000010");
 
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset = ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(validTlv);
 
@@ -232,7 +246,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noChannelTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -241,7 +255,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_prematureEndOfChannelMaskEntry_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK, "350100");
+        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK, "350100");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -250,7 +264,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_inconsistentChannelMaskLength_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK, "3506000500010000");
+        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK, "3506000500010000");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -261,7 +275,7 @@
     public void fromThreadTlvs_unsupportedChannelMaskLength_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
                 ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(
-                        replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK, "350700050001000000"));
+                        replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK, "350700050001000000"));
 
         SparseArray<byte[]> channelMask = dataset.getChannelMask();
         assertThat(channelMask.size()).isEqualTo(1);
@@ -271,7 +285,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noChannelMaskTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_CHANNEL_MASK);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -280,7 +294,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidPanIdTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_PAN_ID, "010101");
+        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_PAN_ID, "010101");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -289,7 +303,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noPanIdTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_PAN_ID);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_PAN_ID);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -298,7 +312,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidExtendedPanIdTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_EXTENDED_PAN_ID, "020700010203040506");
+        byte[] invalidTlv =
+                replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_EXTENDED_PAN_ID, "020700010203040506");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -307,7 +322,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noExtendedPanIdTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_EXTENDED_PAN_ID);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_EXTENDED_PAN_ID);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -317,7 +332,7 @@
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidPskcTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
         byte[] invalidTlv =
-                replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_PSKC, "0411000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F10");
+                replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_PSKC, "0411000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F10");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -326,7 +341,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noPskcTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_PSKC);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_PSKC);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -336,7 +351,7 @@
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_invalidMeshLocalPrefixTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
         byte[] invalidTlv =
-                replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX, "0709FD0001020304050607");
+                replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX, "0709FD0001020304050607");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -345,7 +360,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noMeshLocalPrefixTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -354,7 +369,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_tooShortSecurityPolicyTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_SECURITY_POLICY, "0C0101");
+        byte[] invalidTlv = replaceTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_SECURITY_POLICY, "0C0101");
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -363,7 +378,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_noSecurityPolicyTlv_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET, TYPE_SECURITY_POLICY);
+        byte[] invalidTlv = removeTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, TYPE_SECURITY_POLICY);
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -429,7 +444,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_containsUnknownTlvs_unknownTlvsRetained() {
-        final byte[] datasetWithUnknownTlvs = addTlv(VALID_DATASET, "AA01FFBB020102");
+        final byte[] datasetWithUnknownTlvs = addTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, "AA01FFBB020102");
 
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
                 ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(datasetWithUnknownTlvs);
@@ -443,7 +458,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void toThreadTlvs_conversionIsLossLess() {
-        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset1 = ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset1 = DEFAULT_DATASET;
 
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset2 =
                 ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(dataset1.toThreadTlvs());
@@ -465,9 +480,7 @@
                 };
 
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
-                        .setNetworkKey(networkKey)
-                        .build();
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setNetworkKey(networkKey).build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getNetworkKey()).isEqualTo(networkKey);
     }
@@ -475,7 +488,7 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setInvalidNetworkKey_throwsIllegalArgument() {
         byte[] invalidNetworkKey = new byte[] {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07};
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setNetworkKey(invalidNetworkKey));
@@ -486,9 +499,7 @@
         byte[] extendedPanId = new byte[] {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07};
 
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
-                        .setExtendedPanId(extendedPanId)
-                        .build();
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setExtendedPanId(extendedPanId).build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getExtendedPanId()).isEqualTo(extendedPanId);
     }
@@ -496,31 +507,28 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setInvalidExtendedPanId_throwsIllegalArgument() {
         byte[] extendedPanId = new byte[] {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06};
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setExtendedPanId(extendedPanId));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setValidPanId_success() {
-        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
-                        .setPanId(0xfffe)
-                        .build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset = new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setPanId(0xfffe).build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getPanId()).isEqualTo(0xfffe);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setInvalidPanId_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setPanId(0xffff));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setInvalidChannel_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setChannel(0, 0));
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setChannel(0, 27));
@@ -529,9 +537,7 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setValid2P4GhzChannel_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
-                        .setChannel(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ, 16)
-                        .build();
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setChannel(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ, 16).build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getChannel()).isEqualTo(16);
         assertThat(dataset.getChannelPage()).isEqualTo(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ);
@@ -540,23 +546,21 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setValidNetworkName_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
-                        .setNetworkName("ot-network")
-                        .build();
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setNetworkName("ot-network").build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getNetworkName()).isEqualTo("ot-network");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setEmptyNetworkName_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setNetworkName(""));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setTooLongNetworkName_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setNetworkName("openthread-network"));
@@ -564,7 +568,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setTooLongUtf8NetworkName_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         // UTF-8 encoded length of "我的线程网络" is 18 bytes which exceeds the max length
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setNetworkName("我的线程网络"));
@@ -573,9 +577,7 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setValidUtf8NetworkName_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
-                        .setNetworkName("我的网络")
-                        .build();
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setNetworkName("我的网络").build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getNetworkName()).isEqualTo("我的网络");
     }
@@ -584,8 +586,7 @@
     public void builder_setValidPskc_success() {
         byte[] pskc = base16().decode("A245479C836D551B9CA557F7B9D351B4");
 
-        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset()).setPskc(pskc).build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset = new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setPskc(pskc).build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getPskc()).isEqualTo(pskc);
     }
@@ -593,18 +594,18 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setTooLongPskc_throwsIllegalArgument() {
         byte[] tooLongPskc = base16().decode("A245479C836D551B9CA557F7B9D351B400");
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.setPskc(tooLongPskc));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setValidChannelMask_success() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
         SparseArray<byte[]> channelMask = new SparseArray<byte[]>(1);
         channelMask.put(0, new byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00});
 
-        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset = builder.setChannelMask(channelMask).build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setChannelMask(channelMask).build();
 
         SparseArray<byte[]> resultChannelMask = dataset.getChannelMask();
         assertThat(resultChannelMask.size()).isEqualTo(1);
@@ -613,7 +614,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setEmptyChannelMask_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setValidActiveTimestamp_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET)
                         .setActiveTimestamp(
                                 new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(
                                         /* seconds= */ 1,
@@ -638,7 +639,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void builder_wrongMeshLocalPrefixLength_throwsIllegalArguments() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         // The Mesh-Local Prefix length must be 64 bits
         assertThrows(
@@ -656,7 +657,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void builder_meshLocalPrefixNotStartWith0xfd_throwsIllegalArguments() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -666,9 +667,7 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setValidMeshLocalPrefix_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
-                        .setMeshLocalPrefix(new IpPrefix("fd00::/64"))
-                        .build();
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET).setMeshLocalPrefix(new IpPrefix("fd00::/64")).build();
 
         assertThat(dataset.getMeshLocalPrefix()).isEqualTo(new IpPrefix("fd00::/64"));
     }
@@ -676,7 +675,7 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setValid1P2SecurityPolicy_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET)
                         .setSecurityPolicy(
                                 new SecurityPolicy(672, new byte[] {(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xf8}))
                         .build();
@@ -689,7 +688,7 @@
     @Test
     public void builder_setValid1P1SecurityPolicy_success() {
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset())
+                new Builder(DEFAULT_DATASET)
                         .setSecurityPolicy(new SecurityPolicy(672, new byte[] {(byte) 0xff}))
                         .build();
 
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
index 9be3d56..4d7c7f1 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 
 import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
 
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
 
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -34,8 +37,11 @@
 
 /** Tests for {@link OperationalDatasetTimestamp}. */
 @SmallTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public final class OperationalDatasetTimestampTest {
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
     @Test
     public void fromInstant_tooLargeInstant_throwsIllegalArgument() {
         assertThrows(
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/PendingOperationalDatasetTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/PendingOperationalDatasetTest.java
index 7a49957..76be054 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/PendingOperationalDatasetTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/PendingOperationalDatasetTest.java
@@ -25,8 +25,12 @@
 
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy;
 import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
@@ -34,23 +38,43 @@
 import com.google.common.primitives.Bytes;
 import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
 
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.time.Duration;
 
 /** Tests for {@link PendingOperationalDataset}. */
 @SmallTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public final class PendingOperationalDatasetTest {
-    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET =
-            ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset();
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
+    private static ActiveOperationalDataset createActiveDataset() throws Exception {
+        SparseArray<byte[]> channelMask = new SparseArray<>(1);
+        channelMask.put(0, new byte[] {0x00, 0x1f, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xe0});
+
+        return new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder()
+                .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(100, 10, false))
+                .setExtendedPanId(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7})
+                .setPanId(12345)
+                .setNetworkName("defaultNet")
+                .setChannel(0, 18)
+                .setChannelMask(channelMask)
+                .setPskc(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15})
+                .setNetworkKey(new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1})
+                .setMeshLocalPrefix(new IpPrefix(InetAddress.getByName("fd00::1"), 64))
+                .setSecurityPolicy(new SecurityPolicy(672, new byte[] {(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xf8}))
+                .build();
+    }
 
     @Test
-    public void parcelable_parcelingIsLossLess() {
+    public void parcelable_parcelingIsLossLess() throws Exception {
         PendingOperationalDataset dataset =
                 new PendingOperationalDataset(
-                        DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET,
+                        createActiveDataset(),
                         new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(31536000, 200, false),
                         Duration.ofHours(100));
 
@@ -58,9 +82,15 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void equalityTests() {
-        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset1 = ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset();
-        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset2 = ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset();
+    public void equalityTests() throws Exception {
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset1 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(createActiveDataset())
+                        .setNetworkName("net1")
+                        .build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset2 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(createActiveDataset())
+                        .setNetworkName("net2")
+                        .build();
 
         new EqualsTester()
                 .addEqualityGroup(
@@ -103,14 +133,15 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void constructor_correctValuesAreSet() {
+    public void constructor_correctValuesAreSet() throws Exception {
+        final ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = createActiveDataset();
         PendingOperationalDataset dataset =
                 new PendingOperationalDataset(
-                        DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET,
+                        activeDataset,
                         new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(31536000, 200, false),
                         Duration.ofHours(100));
 
-        assertThat(dataset.getActiveOperationalDataset()).isEqualTo(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET);
+        assertThat(dataset.getActiveOperationalDataset()).isEqualTo(activeDataset);
         assertThat(dataset.getPendingTimestamp())
                 .isEqualTo(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(31536000, 200, false));
         assertThat(dataset.getDelayTimer()).isEqualTo(Duration.ofHours(100));
@@ -166,33 +197,35 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void fromThreadTlvs_completePendingDatasetTlvs_success() {
+    public void fromThreadTlvs_completePendingDatasetTlvs_success() throws Exception {
+        final ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = createActiveDataset();
+
         // Type Length Value
         // 0x33 0x08 0x0000000000010000 (Pending Timestamp TLV)
         // 0x34 0x04 0x0000012C (Delay Timer TLV)
         final byte[] pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs =
                 base16().decode("3308000000000001000034040000012C");
         final byte[] pendingDatasetTlvs =
-                Bytes.concat(
-                        pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs, DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET.toThreadTlvs());
+                Bytes.concat(pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs, activeDataset.toThreadTlvs());
 
         PendingOperationalDataset dataset =
                 PendingOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(pendingDatasetTlvs);
 
-        assertThat(dataset.getActiveOperationalDataset()).isEqualTo(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET);
+        assertThat(dataset.getActiveOperationalDataset()).isEqualTo(activeDataset);
         assertThat(dataset.getPendingTimestamp())
                 .isEqualTo(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(1, 0, false));
         assertThat(dataset.getDelayTimer()).isEqualTo(Duration.ofMillis(300));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void fromThreadTlvs_PendingTimestampTlvIsMissing_throwsIllegalArgument() {
+    public void fromThreadTlvs_PendingTimestampTlvIsMissing_throwsIllegalArgument()
+            throws Exception {
         // Type Length Value
         // 0x34 0x04 0x00000064 (Delay Timer TLV)
         final byte[] pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs = base16().decode("34040000012C");
         final byte[] pendingDatasetTlvs =
                 Bytes.concat(
-                        pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs, DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET.toThreadTlvs());
+                        pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs, createActiveDataset().toThreadTlvs());
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -200,13 +233,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void fromThreadTlvs_delayTimerTlvIsMissing_throwsIllegalArgument() {
+    public void fromThreadTlvs_delayTimerTlvIsMissing_throwsIllegalArgument() throws Exception {
         // Type Length Value
         // 0x33 0x08 0x0000000000010000 (Pending Timestamp TLV)
         final byte[] pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs = base16().decode("33080000000000010000");
         final byte[] pendingDatasetTlvs =
                 Bytes.concat(
-                        pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs, DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET.toThreadTlvs());
+                        pendingTimestampAndDelayTimerTlvs, createActiveDataset().toThreadTlvs());
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -214,8 +247,8 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void fromThreadTlvs_activeDatasetTlvs_throwsIllegalArgument() {
-        final byte[] activeDatasetTlvs = DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET.toThreadTlvs();
+    public void fromThreadTlvs_activeDatasetTlvs_throwsIllegalArgument() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] activeDatasetTlvs = createActiveDataset().toThreadTlvs();
 
         assertThrows(
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -232,10 +265,10 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void toThreadTlvs_conversionIsLossLess() {
+    public void toThreadTlvs_conversionIsLossLess() throws Exception {
         PendingOperationalDataset dataset1 =
                 new PendingOperationalDataset(
-                        DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET,
+                        createActiveDataset(),
                         new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(31536000, 200, false),
                         Duration.ofHours(100));
 
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
index b3118f4..11c4819 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -16,58 +16,1231 @@
 
 package android.net.thread.cts;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_ROUTER;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_DISABLING;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_ENABLED;
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.THREAD_VERSION_1_3;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_ABORTED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+
+import static androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors.directExecutor;
 
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
+import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.OperationalDatasetCallback;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager;
+import android.net.thread.utils.TapTestNetworkTracker;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
 
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
+import com.android.testutils.FunctionalUtils.ThrowingRunnable;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /** CTS tests for {@link ThreadNetworkController}. */
-@SmallTest
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) // Thread is available on only U+
+@LargeTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
 public class ThreadNetworkControllerTest {
-    @Rule public DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+    private static final int JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 30 * 1000;
+    private static final int LEAVE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 2_000;
+    private static final int MIGRATION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 40 * 1_000;
+    private static final int NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 10 * 1000;
+    private static final int CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 1_000;
+    private static final int ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 2_000;
+    private static final int SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 30_000;
+    private static final int SERVICE_LOST_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 20_000;
+    private static final String MESHCOP_SERVICE_TYPE = "_meshcop._udp";
+    private static final String THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED =
+            "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED";
+
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
 
     private final Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
-    private ThreadNetworkManager mManager;
+    private ExecutorService mExecutor;
+    private ThreadNetworkController mController;
+    private NsdManager mNsdManager;
+
+    private Set<String> mGrantedPermissions;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private TapTestNetworkTracker mTestNetworkTracker;
 
     @Before
-    public void setUp() {
-        mManager = mContext.getSystemService(ThreadNetworkManager.class);
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mController =
+                mContext.getSystemService(ThreadNetworkManager.class)
+                        .getAllThreadNetworkControllers()
+                        .get(0);
 
-        // TODO: we will also need it in tearDown(), it's better to have a Rule to skip
-        // tests if a feature is not available.
-        assumeNotNull(mManager);
+        mGrantedPermissions = new HashSet<String>();
+        mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+        mNsdManager = mContext.getSystemService(NsdManager.class);
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(this.getClass().getSimpleName());
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, true);
     }
 
-    private List<ThreadNetworkController> getAllControllers() {
-        return mManager.getAllThreadNetworkControllers();
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        dropAllPermissions();
+        leaveAndWait(mController);
+        tearDownTestNetwork();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void getThreadVersion_returnsAtLeastThreadVersion1P3() {
-        for (ThreadNetworkController controller : getAllControllers()) {
-            assertThat(controller.getThreadVersion()).isAtLeast(THREAD_VERSION_1_3);
+        assertThat(mController.getThreadVersion()).isAtLeast(THREAD_VERSION_1_3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerStateCallback_permissionsGranted_returnsCurrentStates() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> deviceRole = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = deviceRole::complete;
+
+        try {
+            runAsShell(
+                    ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                    () -> mController.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, callback));
+
+            assertThat(deviceRole.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS))
+                    .isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void subscribeThreadEnableState_getActiveDataset_onThreadEnableStateChangedNotCalled()
+            throws Exception {
+        EnabledStateListener listener = new EnabledStateListener(mController);
+        listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_ENABLED);
+
+        getActiveOperationalDataset(mController);
+
+        listener.expectCallbackNotCalled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerStateCallback_returnsUpdatedEnabledStates() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture2 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        EnabledStateListener listener = new EnabledStateListener(mController);
+
+        try {
+            runAsShell(
+                    THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                    () -> {
+                        mController.setEnabled(false, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture1));
+                    });
+            setFuture1.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+            runAsShell(
+                    THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                    () -> {
+                        mController.setEnabled(true, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture2));
+                    });
+            setFuture2.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+            listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_ENABLED);
+            listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_DISABLING);
+            listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_DISABLED);
+            listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_ENABLED);
+        } finally {
+            listener.unregisterStateCallback();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerStateCallback_noPermissions_throwsSecurityException() throws Exception {
+        dropAllPermissions();
+
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mController.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, role -> {}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerStateCallback_alreadyRegistered_throwsIllegalArgumentException()
+            throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> deviceRole = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = role -> deviceRole.complete(role);
+
+        mController.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, callback);
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mController.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, callback));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterStateCallback_noPermissions_throwsSecurityException() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> deviceRole = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = role -> deviceRole.complete(role);
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> mController.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, callback));
+
+        try {
+            dropAllPermissions();
+            assertThrows(
+                    SecurityException.class, () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterStateCallback_callbackRegistered_success() throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> deviceRole = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = role -> deviceRole.complete(role);
+
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> mController.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, callback));
+        mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterStateCallback_callbackNotRegistered_throwsIllegalArgumentException()
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> deviceRole = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = role -> deviceRole.complete(role);
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterStateCallback_alreadyUnregistered_throwsIllegalArgumentException()
+            throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> deviceRole = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = deviceRole::complete;
+        mController.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, callback);
+        mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback);
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerOperationalDatasetCallback_permissionsGranted_returnsCurrentStates()
+            throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> activeFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<PendingOperationalDataset> pendingFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        var callback = newDatasetCallback(activeFuture, pendingFuture);
+
+        try {
+            mController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(mExecutor, callback);
+
+            assertThat(activeFuture.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)).isNull();
+            assertThat(pendingFuture.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)).isNull();
+        } finally {
+            mController.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerOperationalDatasetCallback_noPermissions_throwsSecurityException()
+            throws Exception {
+        dropAllPermissions();
+        CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> activeFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<PendingOperationalDataset> pendingFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        var callback = newDatasetCallback(activeFuture, pendingFuture);
+
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(mExecutor, callback));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback_callbackRegistered_success() throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> activeFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<PendingOperationalDataset> pendingFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        var callback = newDatasetCallback(activeFuture, pendingFuture);
+        mController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(mExecutor, callback);
+
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> mController.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(callback));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback_noPermissions_throwsSecurityException()
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> activeFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<PendingOperationalDataset> pendingFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        var callback = newDatasetCallback(activeFuture, pendingFuture);
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(mExecutor, callback));
+
+        try {
+            dropAllPermissions();
+            assertThrows(
+                    SecurityException.class,
+                    () -> mController.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(callback));
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(
+                    ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                    THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                    () -> mController.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(callback));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static <V> OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException> newOutcomeReceiver(
+            CompletableFuture<V> future) {
+        return new OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onResult(V result) {
+                future.complete(result);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                future.completeExceptionally(e);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_withPrivilegedPermission_success() throws Exception {
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = newRandomizedDataset("TestNet", mController);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.join(activeDataset, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture)));
+        joinFuture.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        assertThat(isAttached(mController)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(getActiveOperationalDataset(mController)).isEqualTo(activeDataset);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_withoutPrivilegedPermission_throwsSecurityException() throws Exception {
+        dropAllPermissions();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = newRandomizedDataset("TestNet", mController);
+
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class, () -> mController.join(activeDataset, mExecutor, v -> {}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_threadDisabled_failsWithErrorThreadDisabled() throws Exception {
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, false);
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = newRandomizedDataset("TestNet", mController);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.join(activeDataset, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture)));
+
+        var thrown =
+                assertThrows(
+                        ExecutionException.class,
+                        () -> joinFuture.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS));
+        var threadException = (ThreadNetworkException) thrown.getCause();
+        assertThat(threadException.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_concurrentRequests_firstOneIsAborted() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] KEY_1 = new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
+        final byte[] KEY_2 = new byte[] {2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2};
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset1 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(newRandomizedDataset("TestNet", mController))
+                        .setNetworkKey(KEY_1)
+                        .build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset2 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeDataset1).setNetworkKey(KEY_2).build();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture2 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> {
+                    mController.join(activeDataset1, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture1));
+                    mController.join(activeDataset2, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture2));
+                });
+
+        var thrown =
+                assertThrows(
+                        ExecutionException.class,
+                        () -> joinFuture1.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS));
+        var threadException = (ThreadNetworkException) thrown.getCause();
+        assertThat(threadException.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_ABORTED);
+        joinFuture2.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        assertThat(isAttached(mController)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(getActiveOperationalDataset(mController)).isEqualTo(activeDataset2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void leave_withPrivilegedPermission_success() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> leaveFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.leave(mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(leaveFuture)));
+        leaveFuture.get(LEAVE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        assertThat(getDeviceRole(mController)).isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void leave_withoutPrivilegedPermission_throwsSecurityException() {
+        dropAllPermissions();
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mController.leave(mExecutor, v -> {}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void leave_threadDisabled_success() throws Exception {
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, false);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> leaveFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        leave(mController, newOutcomeReceiver(leaveFuture));
+        leaveFuture.get(LEAVE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        assertThat(getDeviceRole(mController)).isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void leave_concurrentRequests_bothSuccess() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> leaveFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> leaveFuture2 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> {
+                    mController.leave(mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(leaveFuture1));
+                    mController.leave(mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(leaveFuture2));
+                });
+
+        leaveFuture1.get(LEAVE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        leaveFuture2.get(LEAVE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        assertThat(getDeviceRole(mController)).isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scheduleMigration_withPrivilegedPermission_newDatasetApplied() throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset1 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(newRandomizedDataset("TestNet", mController))
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(1L, 0, false))
+                        .setExtendedPanId(new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1})
+                        .build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset2 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeDataset1)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(2L, 0, false))
+                        .setNetworkName("ThreadNet2")
+                        .build();
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset2 =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        activeDataset2,
+                        OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now()),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrateFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mController.join(activeDataset1, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture));
+        joinFuture.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        mController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset2, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(migrateFuture));
+        migrateFuture.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        CompletableFuture<Boolean> dataset2IsApplied = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Boolean> pendingDatasetIsRemoved = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        OperationalDatasetCallback datasetCallback =
+                new OperationalDatasetCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                            ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset) {
+                        if (activeDataset.equals(activeDataset2)) {
+                            dataset2IsApplied.complete(true);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                            PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset) {
+                        if (pendingDataset == null) {
+                            pendingDatasetIsRemoved.complete(true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+        mController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(directExecutor(), datasetCallback);
+        try {
+            assertThat(dataset2IsApplied.get(MIGRATION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)).isTrue();
+            assertThat(pendingDatasetIsRemoved.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)).isTrue();
+        } finally {
+            mController.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(datasetCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scheduleMigration_whenNotAttached_failWithPreconditionError() throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        newRandomizedDataset("TestNet", mController),
+                        OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now()),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrateFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        mController.scheduleMigration(pendingDataset, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(migrateFuture));
+
+        ThreadNetworkException thrown =
+                (ThreadNetworkException)
+                        assertThrows(ExecutionException.class, migrateFuture::get).getCause();
+        assertThat(thrown.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scheduleMigration_secondRequestHasSmallerTimestamp_rejectedByLeader()
+            throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        final ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(newRandomizedDataset("testNet", mController))
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(1L, 0, false))
+                        .build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset1 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeDataset)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(2L, 0, false))
+                        .setNetworkName("testNet1")
+                        .build();
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset1 =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        activeDataset1,
+                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(100, 0, false),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset2 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeDataset)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(3L, 0, false))
+                        .setNetworkName("testNet2")
+                        .build();
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset2 =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        activeDataset2,
+                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(20, 0, false),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrateFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrateFuture2 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mController.join(activeDataset, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture));
+        joinFuture.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        mController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset1, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(migrateFuture1));
+        migrateFuture1.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        mController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset2, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(migrateFuture2));
+
+        ThreadNetworkException thrown =
+                (ThreadNetworkException)
+                        assertThrows(ExecutionException.class, migrateFuture2::get).getCause();
+        assertThat(thrown.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scheduleMigration_secondRequestHasLargerTimestamp_newDatasetApplied()
+            throws Exception {
+        grantPermissions(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        final ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(newRandomizedDataset("validName", mController))
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(1L, 0, false))
+                        .build();
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset1 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeDataset)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(2L, 0, false))
+                        .setNetworkName("testNet1")
+                        .build();
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset1 =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        activeDataset1,
+                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(100, 0, false),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset2 =
+                new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeDataset)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(3L, 0, false))
+                        .setNetworkName("testNet2")
+                        .build();
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset2 =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        activeDataset2,
+                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(200, 0, false),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrateFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrateFuture2 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mController.join(activeDataset, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture));
+        joinFuture.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        mController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset1, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(migrateFuture1));
+        migrateFuture1.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        mController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset2, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(migrateFuture2));
+        migrateFuture2.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        CompletableFuture<Boolean> dataset2IsApplied = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Boolean> pendingDatasetIsRemoved = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        OperationalDatasetCallback datasetCallback =
+                new OperationalDatasetCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                            ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset) {
+                        if (activeDataset.equals(activeDataset2)) {
+                            dataset2IsApplied.complete(true);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                            PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset) {
+                        if (pendingDataset == null) {
+                            pendingDatasetIsRemoved.complete(true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+        mController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(directExecutor(), datasetCallback);
+        try {
+            assertThat(dataset2IsApplied.get(MIGRATION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)).isTrue();
+            assertThat(pendingDatasetIsRemoved.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)).isTrue();
+        } finally {
+            mController.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(datasetCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scheduleMigration_threadDisabled_failsWithErrorThreadDisabled() throws Exception {
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = newRandomizedDataset("TestNet", mController);
+        PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        activeDataset,
+                        OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now()),
+                        Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> migrationFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, false);
+
+        scheduleMigration(mController, pendingDataset, newOutcomeReceiver(migrationFuture));
+
+        ThreadNetworkException thrown =
+                (ThreadNetworkException)
+                        assertThrows(ExecutionException.class, migrationFuture::get).getCause();
+        assertThat(thrown.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_wrongNetworkNameLength_throwsIllegalArgumentException() {
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mController.createRandomizedDataset("", mExecutor, dataset -> {}));
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () ->
+                        mController.createRandomizedDataset(
+                                "ANetNameIs17Bytes", mExecutor, dataset -> {}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_validNetworkName_success() throws Exception {
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset = newRandomizedDataset("validName", mController);
+
+        assertThat(dataset.getNetworkName()).isEqualTo("validName");
+        assertThat(dataset.getPanId()).isLessThan(0xffff);
+        assertThat(dataset.getChannelMask().size()).isAtLeast(1);
+        assertThat(dataset.getExtendedPanId()).hasLength(8);
+        assertThat(dataset.getNetworkKey()).hasLength(16);
+        assertThat(dataset.getPskc()).hasLength(16);
+        assertThat(dataset.getMeshLocalPrefix().getPrefixLength()).isEqualTo(64);
+        assertThat(dataset.getMeshLocalPrefix().getRawAddress()[0]).isEqualTo((byte) 0xfd);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setEnabled_permissionsGranted_succeeds() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture2 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.setEnabled(false, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture1)));
+        setFuture1.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        waitForEnabledState(mController, booleanToEnabledState(false));
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.setEnabled(true, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture2)));
+        setFuture2.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        waitForEnabledState(mController, booleanToEnabledState(true));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setEnabled_noPermissions_throwsSecurityException() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mController.setEnabled(false, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setEnabled_disable_leavesThreadNetwork() throws Exception {
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, false);
+        assertThat(getDeviceRole(mController)).isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setEnabled_enableFollowedByDisable_allSucceed() throws Exception {
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture2 = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        EnabledStateListener listener = new EnabledStateListener(mController);
+        listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_ENABLED);
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> {
+                    mController.setEnabled(true, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture1));
+                    mController.setEnabled(false, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture2));
+                });
+        setFuture1.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        setFuture2.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+
+        listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_DISABLING);
+        listener.expectThreadEnabledState(STATE_DISABLED);
+        assertThat(getDeviceRole(mController)).isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
+        // FIXME: this is not called when a exception is thrown after the creation of `listener`
+        listener.unregisterStateCallback();
+    }
+
+    // TODO (b/322437869): add test case to verify when Thread is in DISABLING state, any commands
+    // (join/leave/scheduleMigration/setEnabled) fail with ERROR_BUSY. This is not currently tested
+    // because DISABLING has very short lifecycle, it's not possible to guarantee the command can be
+    // sent before state changes to DISABLED.
+
+    @Test
+    public void threadNetworkCallback_deviceAttached_threadNetworkIsAvailable() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        NetworkRequest.Builder networkRequestBuilder =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD);
+        // Before V, we need to explicitly set `NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK` capability to request
+        // a Thread network.
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
+            networkRequestBuilder.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+        }
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = networkRequestBuilder.build();
+        ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback networkCallback =
+                new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                        networkFuture.complete(network);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                () -> cm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback));
+
+        assertThat(isAttached(mController)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(networkFuture.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)).isNotNull();
+        NetworkCapabilities caps =
+                runAsShell(
+                        ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> cm.getNetworkCapabilities(networkFuture.get()));
+        assertThat(caps).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(caps.getCapabilities())
+                .asList()
+                .containsAtLeast(
+                        NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK,
+                        NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
+                        NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
+                        NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
+                        NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+                        NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+    }
+
+    private void grantPermissions(String... permissions) {
+        for (String permission : permissions) {
+            mGrantedPermissions.add(permission);
+        }
+        String[] allPermissions = new String[mGrantedPermissions.size()];
+        mGrantedPermissions.toArray(allPermissions);
+        getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation().adoptShellPermissionIdentity(allPermissions);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void meshcopService_threadEnabledButNotJoined_discoveredButNoNetwork() throws Exception {
+        setUpTestNetwork();
+
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, true);
+        leaveAndWait(mController);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo =
+                expectServiceResolved(
+                        MESHCOP_SERVICE_TYPE,
+                        SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT_MILLIS,
+                        s -> s.getAttributes().get("at") == null);
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> txtMap = serviceInfo.getAttributes();
+
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("rv")).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("tv")).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")).isNotNull();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore("b/333649897: Enable this when it's not flaky at all")
+    public void meshcopService_joinedNetwork_discoveredHasNetwork() throws Exception {
+        setUpTestNetwork();
+
+        String networkName = "TestNet" + new Random().nextInt(10_000);
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController, networkName);
+
+        Predicate<NsdServiceInfo> predicate =
+                serviceInfo ->
+                        serviceInfo.getAttributes().get("at") != null
+                                && Arrays.equals(
+                                        serviceInfo.getAttributes().get("nn"),
+                                        networkName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo resolvedService =
+                expectServiceResolved(
+                        MESHCOP_SERVICE_TYPE, SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, predicate);
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> txtMap = resolvedService.getAttributes();
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("rv")).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("tv")).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("id").length).isEqualTo(16);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void meshcopService_threadDisabled_notDiscovered() throws Exception {
+        setUpTestNetwork();
+        CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> serviceLostFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener =
+                discoverForServiceLost(MESHCOP_SERVICE_TYPE, serviceLostFuture);
+
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, false);
+
+        try {
+            serviceLostFuture.get(SERVICE_LOST_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException | TimeoutException ignored) {
+            // It's fine if the service lost event didn't show up. The service may not ever be
+            // advertised.
+        } finally {
+            mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+        }
+        assertThrows(
+                TimeoutException.class,
+                () -> discoverService(MESHCOP_SERVICE_TYPE, SERVICE_LOST_TIMEOUT_MILLIS));
+    }
+
+    private static void dropAllPermissions() {
+        getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation().dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private static ActiveOperationalDataset newRandomizedDataset(
+            String networkName, ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        controller.createRandomizedDataset(networkName, directExecutor(), future::complete);
+        return future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAttached(ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        return ThreadNetworkController.isAttached(getDeviceRole(controller));
+    }
+
+    private static int getDeviceRole(ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = future::complete;
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                () -> controller.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), callback));
+        try {
+            return future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> controller.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int waitForAttachedState(ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        List<Integer> attachedRoles = new ArrayList<>();
+        attachedRoles.add(DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD);
+        attachedRoles.add(DEVICE_ROLE_ROUTER);
+        attachedRoles.add(DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER);
+        return waitForStateAnyOf(controller, attachedRoles);
+    }
+
+    private static int waitForStateAnyOf(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller, List<Integer> deviceRoles) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback =
+                newRole -> {
+                    if (deviceRoles.contains(newRole)) {
+                        future.complete(newRole);
+                    }
+                };
+        controller.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), callback);
+        int role = future.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        controller.unregisterStateCallback(callback);
+        return role;
+    }
+
+    private static void waitForEnabledState(ThreadNetworkController controller, int state)
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback =
+                new ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDeviceRoleChanged(int r) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onThreadEnableStateChanged(int enabled) {
+                        if (enabled == state) {
+                            future.complete(enabled);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                () -> controller.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), callback));
+        future.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> controller.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+    }
+
+    private void leave(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller,
+            OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        runAsShell(THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED, () -> controller.leave(mExecutor, receiver));
+    }
+
+    private void leaveAndWait(ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        leave(controller, future::complete);
+        future.get(LEAVE_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private void scheduleMigration(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller,
+            PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset,
+            OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> controller.scheduleMigration(pendingDataset, mExecutor, receiver));
+    }
+
+    private class EnabledStateListener {
+        private ArrayTrackRecord<Integer> mEnabledStates = new ArrayTrackRecord<>();
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<Integer>.ReadHead mReadHead = mEnabledStates.newReadHead();
+        ThreadNetworkController mController;
+        StateCallback mCallback =
+                new ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDeviceRoleChanged(int r) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onThreadEnableStateChanged(int enabled) {
+                        mEnabledStates.add(enabled);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        EnabledStateListener(ThreadNetworkController controller) {
+            this.mController = controller;
+            runAsShell(
+                    ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                    () -> controller.registerStateCallback(mExecutor, mCallback));
+        }
+
+        public void expectThreadEnabledState(int enabled) {
+            assertThat(mReadHead.poll(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, e -> (e == enabled))).isNotNull();
+        }
+
+        public void expectCallbackNotCalled() {
+            assertThat(mReadHead.poll(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, e -> true)).isNull();
+        }
+
+        public void unregisterStateCallback() {
+            runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(mCallback));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int booleanToEnabledState(boolean enabled) {
+        return enabled ? STATE_ENABLED : STATE_DISABLED;
+    }
+
+    private void setEnabledAndWait(ThreadNetworkController controller, boolean enabled)
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> controller.setEnabled(enabled, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(setFuture)));
+        setFuture.get(ENABLED_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        waitForEnabledState(controller, booleanToEnabledState(enabled));
+    }
+
+    private CompletableFuture joinRandomizedDataset(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller, String networkName) throws Exception {
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = newRandomizedDataset(networkName, controller);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> controller.join(activeDataset, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(joinFuture)));
+        return joinFuture;
+    }
+
+    private void joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(controller, "TestNet");
+    }
+
+    private void joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller, String networkName) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> joinFuture = joinRandomizedDataset(controller, networkName);
+        joinFuture.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        assertThat(isAttached(controller)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    private static ActiveOperationalDataset getActiveOperationalDataset(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        OperationalDatasetCallback callback = future::complete;
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> controller.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(directExecutor(), callback));
+        try {
+            return future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(
+                    ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                    THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                    () -> controller.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(callback));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static PendingOperationalDataset getPendingOperationalDataset(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> activeFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        CompletableFuture<PendingOperationalDataset> pendingFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        controller.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(
+                directExecutor(), newDatasetCallback(activeFuture, pendingFuture));
+        return pendingFuture.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private static OperationalDatasetCallback newDatasetCallback(
+            CompletableFuture<ActiveOperationalDataset> activeFuture,
+            CompletableFuture<PendingOperationalDataset> pendingFuture) {
+        return new OperationalDatasetCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                    ActiveOperationalDataset activeOpDataset) {
+                activeFuture.complete(activeOpDataset);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                    PendingOperationalDataset pendingOpDataset) {
+                pendingFuture.complete(pendingOpDataset);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static void assertDoesNotThrow(ThrowingRunnable runnable) {
+        try {
+            runnable.run();
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            fail("Should not have thrown " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Return the first discovered service instance.
+    private NsdServiceInfo discoverService(String serviceType) throws Exception {
+        return discoverService(serviceType, SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+    }
+
+    // Return the first discovered service instance.
+    private NsdServiceInfo discoverService(String serviceType, int timeoutMilliseconds)
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> serviceInfoFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener =
+                new DefaultDiscoveryListener() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                        serviceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo);
+                    }
+                };
+        mNsdManager.discoverServices(
+                serviceType,
+                NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                mTestNetworkTracker.getNetwork(),
+                mExecutor,
+                listener);
+        try {
+            serviceInfoFuture.get(timeoutMilliseconds, MILLISECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+        }
+
+        return serviceInfoFuture.get();
+    }
+
+    private NsdManager.DiscoveryListener discoverForServiceLost(
+            String serviceType, CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> serviceInfoFuture) {
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener =
+                new DefaultDiscoveryListener() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                        serviceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo);
+                    }
+                };
+        mNsdManager.discoverServices(
+                serviceType,
+                NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                mTestNetworkTracker.getNetwork(),
+                mExecutor,
+                listener);
+        return listener;
+    }
+
+    private NsdServiceInfo expectServiceResolved(
+            String serviceType, int timeoutMilliseconds, Predicate<NsdServiceInfo> predicate)
+            throws Exception {
+        NsdServiceInfo discoveredServiceInfo = discoverService(serviceType);
+        CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback callback =
+                new DefaultServiceInfoCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onServiceUpdated(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                        if (predicate.test(serviceInfo)) {
+                            future.complete(serviceInfo);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+        mNsdManager.registerServiceInfoCallback(discoveredServiceInfo, mExecutor, callback);
+        try {
+            return future.get(timeoutMilliseconds, MILLISECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            mNsdManager.unregisterServiceInfoCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setUpTestNetwork() {
+        assertThat(mTestNetworkTracker).isNull();
+        mTestNetworkTracker = new TapTestNetworkTracker(mContext, mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+    }
+
+    private void tearDownTestNetwork() throws InterruptedException {
+        if (mTestNetworkTracker != null) {
+            mTestNetworkTracker.tearDown();
+        }
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+        mHandlerThread.join();
+    }
+
+    private static class DefaultDiscoveryListener implements NsdManager.DiscoveryListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStarted(String serviceType) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStopped(String serviceType) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {}
+    }
+
+    private static class DefaultServiceInfoCallback implements NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceInfoCallbackRegistrationFailed(int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceUpdated(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost() {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceInfoCallbackUnregistered() {}
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkExceptionTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkExceptionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4de2e13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkExceptionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.cts;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+/** CTS tests for {@link ThreadNetworkException}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public final class ThreadNetworkExceptionTest {
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
+    @Test
+    public void constructor_validValues_valuesAreConnectlySet() throws Exception {
+        ThreadNetworkException errorThreadDisabled =
+                new ThreadNetworkException(ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED, "Thread disabled error!");
+        ThreadNetworkException errorInternalError =
+                new ThreadNetworkException(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "internal error!");
+
+        assertThat(errorThreadDisabled.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED);
+        assertThat(errorThreadDisabled.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Thread disabled error!");
+        assertThat(errorInternalError.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        assertThat(errorInternalError.getMessage()).isEqualTo("internal error!");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void constructor_nullMessage_throwsNullPointerException() throws Exception {
+        assertThrows(
+                NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> new ThreadNetworkException(ERROR_UNKNOWN, null /* message */));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void constructor_tooSmallErrorCode_throwsIllegalArgumentException() throws Exception {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new ThreadNetworkException(0, "0"));
+        // TODO: add argument check for too large error code when mainline CTS is ready. This was
+        // not added here for CTS forward copatibility.
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp b/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71693af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "ThreadNetworkIntegrationTestsDefaults",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "guava",
+        "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "net-utils-device-common",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
+        "testables",
+        "ThreadNetworkTestUtils",
+        "truth",
+        "ot-daemon-aidl-java",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.runner",
+        "android.test.base",
+        "android.test.mock",
+    ],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "ThreadNetworkIntegrationTests",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    test_config: "AndroidTest.xml",
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "ThreadNetworkIntegrationTestsDefaults",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a049184
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.thread.tests.integration">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <!-- The test need CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission to use requestNetwork API to setup test
+         network. Since R shell application don't have such permission, grant permission to the test
+         here. TODO: Remove CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission here and use adopt shell permission to
+         obtain CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE for testing once R device is no longer supported. -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+        android:targetPackage="com.android.thread.tests.integration"
+        android:label="Thread integration tests">
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTest.xml b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..152c1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+    Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<configuration description="Config for Thread integration tests">
+    <option name="test-tag" value="ThreadNetworkIntegrationTests" />
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+
+    <!--
+        Only run tests if the device under test is SDK version 34 (Android 14) or above.
+    -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk34ModuleController" />
+
+    <!-- Run tests in MTS only if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
+        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
+    </object>
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+
+    <!-- Install test -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="ThreadNetworkIntegrationTests.apk" />
+        <option name="check-min-sdk" value="true" />
+        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="com.android.thread.tests.integration" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c63d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.JOIN_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getIpv6LinkAddresses;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isExpectedIcmpv6Packet;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isFromIpv6Source;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isInMulticastGroup;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isToIpv6Destination;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.newPacketReader;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.pollForPacket;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.sendUdpMessage;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
+import android.net.thread.utils.InfraNetworkDevice;
+import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresSimulationThreadDevice;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+/** Integration test cases for Thread Border Routing feature. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RequiresThreadFeature
+@RequiresSimulationThreadDevice
+@LargeTest
+public class BorderRoutingTest {
+    private static final String TAG = BorderRoutingTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int NUM_FTD = 2;
+    private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5 =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff05::1234");
+    private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4 =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff04::1234");
+    private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_3 =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff03::1234");
+
+    // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset init new".
+    private static final byte[] DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS =
+            base16().decode(
+                            "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
+                                    + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
+                                    + "53760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF030F4F70656E5468726561"
+                                    + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
+                                    + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
+    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_DATASET =
+            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS);
+
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
+    private final Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
+    private final ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper mController =
+            ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(mContext);
+    private OtDaemonController mOtCtl;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private TestNetworkTracker mInfraNetworkTracker;
+    private List<FullThreadDevice> mFtds;
+    private TapPacketReader mInfraNetworkReader;
+    private InfraNetworkDevice mInfraDevice;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: b/323301831 - This is a workaround to avoid unnecessary delay to re-form a network
+        mOtCtl = new OtDaemonController();
+        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
+
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName());
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        mFtds = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        setUpInfraNetwork();
+        mController.setEnabledAndWait(true);
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        // Creates a infra network device.
+        mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
+        startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
+
+        // Create Ftds
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_FTD; ++i) {
+            mFtds.add(new FullThreadDevice(15 + i /* node ID */));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(null);
+        mController.leaveAndWait();
+        tearDownInfraNetwork();
+
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+        mHandlerThread.join();
+
+        for (var ftd : mFtds) {
+            ftd.destroy();
+        }
+        mFtds.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_infraDevicePingThreadDeviceOmr_replyReceived() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(ftd.getOmrAddress());
+
+        // Infra device receives an echo reply sent by FTD.
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_afterFactoryResetInfraDevicePingThreadDeviceOmr_replyReceived()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(ftd.getOmrAddress());
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_afterInfraNetworkSwitchInfraDevicePingThreadDeviceOmr_replyReceived()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
+        // Create a new infra network and let Thread prefer it
+        TestNetworkTracker oldInfraNetworkTracker = mInfraNetworkTracker;
+        try {
+            setUpInfraNetwork();
+            mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
+            startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
+
+            mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(ftd.getOmrAddress());
+
+            assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftdOmr));
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> oldInfraNetworkTracker.teardown());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_borderRouterSendsUdpToThreadDevice_datagramReceived()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                   Thread
+         * Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *  (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        Inet6Address ftdOmr = requireNonNull(ftd.getOmrAddress());
+        Inet6Address ftdMlEid = requireNonNull(ftd.getMlEid());
+
+        ftd.udpBind(ftdOmr, 12345);
+        sendUdpMessage(ftdOmr, 12345, "aaaaaaaa");
+        assertEquals("aaaaaaaa", ftd.udpReceive());
+
+        ftd.udpBind(ftdMlEid, 12345);
+        sendUdpMessage(ftdMlEid, 12345, "bbbbbbbb");
+        assertEquals("bbbbbbbb", ftd.udpReceive());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_meshLocalAddressesAreNotPreferred() throws Exception {
+        // When BR is enabled, there will be OMR address, so the mesh-local addresses are expected
+        // to be deprecated.
+        List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = getIpv6LinkAddresses("thread-wpan");
+        IpPrefix meshLocalPrefix = DEFAULT_DATASET.getMeshLocalPrefix();
+
+        for (LinkAddress address : linkAddresses) {
+            if (meshLocalPrefix.contains(address.getAddress())) {
+                assertThat(address.getDeprecationTime()).isAtMost(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
+                assertThat(address.isPreferred()).isFalse();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedMulticastAddress_infraLinkJoinsMulticastGroup()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+
+        ftd.subscribeMulticastAddress(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        assertInfraLinkMemberOfGroup(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void
+            multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedScope3MulticastAddress_infraLinkNotJoinMulticastGroup()
+                    throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+
+        ftd.subscribeMulticastAddress(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_3);
+
+        assertInfraLinkNotMemberOfGroup(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedMulticastAddress_canPingfromInfraLink()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(ftd, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_inboundForwarding_afterBrRejoinFtdRepliesSubscribedAddress()
+            throws Exception {
+
+        // TODO (b/327311034): Testing bbr state switch from primary mode to secondary mode and back
+        // to primary mode requires an additional BR in the Thread network. This is not currently
+        // supported, to be implemented when possible.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedScope3MulticastAddress_cannotPingfromInfraLink()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        ftd.subscribeMulticastAddress(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_3);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_3);
+
+        assertNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_ftdNotSubscribedMulticastAddress_cannotPingFromInfraDevice()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4);
+
+        assertNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_multipleFtdsSubscribedDifferentAddresses_canPingFromInfraDevice()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device 1
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         *                                         |
+         *                                         | Thread
+         *                                         |
+         *                                  Full Thread device 2
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd1 = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd1);
+        subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(ftd1, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd2 = mFtds.get(1);
+        startFtdChild(ftd2);
+        subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(ftd2, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd1.getOmrAddress()));
+
+        // Verify ping reply from ftd1 and ftd2 separately as the order of replies can't be
+        // predicted.
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4);
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd2.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_multipleFtdsSubscribedSameAddress_canPingFromInfraDevice()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device 1
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         *                                         |
+         *                                         | Thread
+         *                                         |
+         *                                  Full Thread device 2
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd1 = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd1);
+        subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(ftd1, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd2 = mFtds.get(1);
+        startFtdChild(ftd2);
+        subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(ftd2, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd1.getOmrAddress()));
+
+        // Send the request twice as the order of replies from ftd1 and ftd2 are not guaranteed
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd2.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_scopeLargerThan3IsForwarded() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
+
+        ftd.ping(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+        ftd.ping(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4);
+
+        assertNotNull(
+                pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE, ftdOmr, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5));
+        assertNotNull(
+                pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE, ftdOmr, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_scopeSmallerThan4IsNotForwarded()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+
+        ftd.ping(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_3);
+
+        assertNull(
+                pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(
+                        ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress(), GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_3));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_llaToScope4IsNotForwarded() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        Inet6Address ftdLla = ftd.getLinkLocalAddress();
+        assertNotNull(ftdLla);
+
+        ftd.ping(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4, ftdLla);
+
+        assertNull(
+                pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE, ftdLla, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_mlaToScope4IsNotForwarded() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        List<Inet6Address> ftdMlas = ftd.getMeshLocalAddresses();
+        assertFalse(ftdMlas.isEmpty());
+
+        for (Inet6Address ftdMla : ftdMlas) {
+            ftd.ping(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4, ftdMla);
+
+            assertNull(
+                    pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(
+                            ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE, ftdMla, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_infraNetworkSwitch_ftdRepliesToSubscribedAddress()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(ftd, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+        Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
+
+        // Destroy infra link and re-create
+        tearDownInfraNetwork();
+        setUpInfraNetwork();
+        mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
+        startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftdOmr));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
+    public void multicastRouting_infraNetworkSwitch_outboundPacketIsForwarded() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+        Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
+
+        // Destroy infra link and re-create
+        tearDownInfraNetwork();
+        setUpInfraNetwork();
+        mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
+        startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
+
+        ftd.ping(GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4);
+
+        assertNotNull(
+                pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE, ftdOmr, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4));
+    }
+
+    private void setUpInfraNetwork() throws Exception {
+        mInfraNetworkTracker =
+                runAsShell(
+                        MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                        () ->
+                                initTestNetwork(
+                                        mContext, new LinkProperties(), 5000 /* timeoutMs */));
+        mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(
+                mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface().getInterfaceName());
+    }
+
+    private void tearDownInfraNetwork() {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> mInfraNetworkTracker.teardown());
+    }
+
+    private void startFtdChild(FullThreadDevice ftd) throws Exception {
+        ftd.factoryReset();
+        ftd.joinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+        waitFor(() -> ftd.getOmrAddress() != null, Duration.ofSeconds(60));
+        Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
+        assertNotNull(ftdOmr);
+    }
+
+    private void startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr() throws Exception {
+        mInfraDevice =
+                new InfraNetworkDevice(MacAddress.fromString("1:2:3:4:5:6"), mInfraNetworkReader);
+        mInfraDevice.runSlaac(Duration.ofSeconds(60));
+        assertNotNull(mInfraDevice.ipv6Addr);
+    }
+
+    private void assertInfraLinkMemberOfGroup(Inet6Address address) throws Exception {
+        waitFor(
+                () ->
+                        isInMulticastGroup(
+                                mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface().getInterfaceName(), address),
+                Duration.ofSeconds(3));
+    }
+
+    private void assertInfraLinkNotMemberOfGroup(Inet6Address address) throws Exception {
+        waitFor(
+                () ->
+                        !isInMulticastGroup(
+                                mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface().getInterfaceName(), address),
+                Duration.ofSeconds(3));
+    }
+
+    private void subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(FullThreadDevice ftd, Inet6Address address)
+            throws Exception {
+        ftd.subscribeMulticastAddress(address);
+
+        assertInfraLinkMemberOfGroup(address);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(int type, Inet6Address srcAddress) {
+        return pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(type, srcAddress, null);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(
+            int type, Inet6Address srcAddress, Inet6Address destAddress) {
+        Predicate<byte[]> filter;
+        filter =
+                p ->
+                        (isExpectedIcmpv6Packet(p, type)
+                                && (srcAddress == null ? true : isFromIpv6Source(p, srcAddress))
+                                && (destAddress == null
+                                        ? true
+                                        : isToIpv6Destination(p, destAddress)));
+        return pollForPacket(mInfraNetworkReader, filter);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e10f134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.JOIN_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.discoverForServiceLost;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.discoverService;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.resolveService;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.resolveServiceUntil;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
+import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
+import android.net.thread.utils.TapTestNetworkTracker;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresSimulationThreadDevice;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.google.common.truth.Correspondence;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+/** Integration test cases for Service Discovery feature. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RequiresThreadFeature
+@RequiresSimulationThreadDevice
+@LargeTest
+public class ServiceDiscoveryTest {
+    private static final String TAG = ServiceDiscoveryTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int NUM_FTD = 3;
+
+    // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset init new".
+    private static final byte[] DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS =
+            base16().decode(
+                            "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
+                                    + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
+                                    + "53760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF030F4F70656E5468726561"
+                                    + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
+                                    + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
+    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_DATASET =
+            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS);
+
+    private static final Correspondence<byte[], byte[]> BYTE_ARRAY_EQUALITY =
+            Correspondence.from(Arrays::equals, "is equivalent to");
+
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
+    private final Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
+    private final ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper mController =
+            ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(mContext);
+    private final OtDaemonController mOtCtl = new OtDaemonController();
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private NsdManager mNsdManager;
+    private TapTestNetworkTracker mTestNetworkTracker;
+    private final List<FullThreadDevice> mFtds = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<RegistrationListener> mRegistrationListeners = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
+        mController.setEnabledAndWait(true);
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        mNsdManager = mContext.getSystemService(NsdManager.class);
+
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+
+        mTestNetworkTracker = new TapTestNetworkTracker(mContext, mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        assertThat(mTestNetworkTracker).isNotNull();
+        mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(mTestNetworkTracker.getInterfaceName());
+
+        // Create the FTDs in setUp() so that the FTDs can be safely released in tearDown().
+        // Don't create new FTDs in test cases.
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_FTD; ++i) {
+            FullThreadDevice ftd = new FullThreadDevice(10 + i /* node ID */);
+            ftd.autoStartSrpClient();
+            mFtds.add(ftd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        for (RegistrationListener listener : mRegistrationListeners) {
+            unregisterService(listener);
+        }
+        for (FullThreadDevice ftd : mFtds) {
+            // Clear registered SRP hosts and services
+            if (ftd.isSrpHostRegistered()) {
+                ftd.removeSrpHost();
+            }
+            ftd.destroy();
+        }
+        if (mTestNetworkTracker != null) {
+            mTestNetworkTracker.tearDown();
+        }
+        if (mHandlerThread != null) {
+            mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mHandlerThread.join();
+        }
+        mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(null);
+        mController.leaveAndWait();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void advertisingProxy_multipleSrpClientsRegisterServices_servicesResolvableByMdns()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                    Thread
+         *  Border Router -------------- Full Thread device 1
+         *  (Cuttlefish)         |
+         *                       +------ Full Thread device 2
+         *                       |
+         *                       +------ Full Thread device 3
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        // Creates Full Thread Devices (FTD) and let them join the network.
+        for (FullThreadDevice ftd : mFtds) {
+            ftd.joinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+            ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+        }
+
+        int randomId = new Random().nextInt(10_000);
+
+        String serviceNamePrefix = "service-" + randomId + "-";
+        String serviceTypePrefix = "_test" + randomId;
+        String hostnamePrefix = "host-" + randomId + "-";
+
+        // For every FTD, let it register an SRP service.
+        for (int i = 0; i < mFtds.size(); ++i) {
+            FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(i);
+            ftd.setSrpHostname(hostnamePrefix + i);
+            ftd.setSrpHostAddresses(List.of(ftd.getOmrAddress(), ftd.getMlEid()));
+            ftd.addSrpService(
+                    serviceNamePrefix + i,
+                    serviceTypePrefix + i + "._tcp",
+                    List.of("_sub1", "_sub2"),
+                    12345 /* port */,
+                    Map.of("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(i)));
+        }
+
+        // Check the advertised services are discoverable and resolvable by NsdManager
+        for (int i = 0; i < mFtds.size(); ++i) {
+            NsdServiceInfo discoveredService =
+                    discoverService(mNsdManager, serviceTypePrefix + i + "._tcp");
+            assertThat(discoveredService).isNotNull();
+            NsdServiceInfo resolvedService = resolveService(mNsdManager, discoveredService);
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getServiceName()).isEqualTo(serviceNamePrefix + i);
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getServiceType()).isEqualTo(serviceTypePrefix + i + "._tcp");
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getAttributes())
+                    .comparingValuesUsing(BYTE_ARRAY_EQUALITY)
+                    .containsExactly("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(i));
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getHostname()).isEqualTo(hostnamePrefix + i);
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getHostAddresses())
+                    .containsExactly(mFtds.get(i).getOmrAddress());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void advertisingProxy_srpClientUpdatesService_updatedServiceResolvableByMdns()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                    Thread
+         *  Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *  (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        // Creates a Full Thread Devices (FTD) and let it join the network.
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        ftd.joinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+        ftd.setSrpHostname("my-host");
+        ftd.setSrpHostAddresses(List.of((Inet6Address) parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1")));
+        ftd.addSrpService(
+                "my-service",
+                "_test._tcp",
+                Collections.emptyList() /* subtypes */,
+                12345 /* port */,
+                Map.of("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(0x03)));
+
+        // Update the host addresses
+        ftd.setSrpHostAddresses(
+                List.of(
+                        (Inet6Address) parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                        (Inet6Address) parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")));
+        // Update the service
+        ftd.updateSrpService(
+                "my-service", "_test._tcp", List.of("_sub3"), 11111, Map.of("key1", bytes(0x04)));
+        waitFor(ftd::isSrpHostRegistered, SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT);
+
+        // Check the advertised service is discoverable and resolvable by NsdManager
+        NsdServiceInfo discoveredService = discoverService(mNsdManager, "_test._tcp");
+        assertThat(discoveredService).isNotNull();
+        NsdServiceInfo resolvedService =
+                resolveServiceUntil(
+                        mNsdManager,
+                        discoveredService,
+                        s -> s.getPort() == 11111 && s.getHostAddresses().size() == 2);
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getServiceName()).isEqualTo("my-service");
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getServiceType()).isEqualTo("_test._tcp");
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getPort()).isEqualTo(11111);
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getAttributes())
+                .comparingValuesUsing(BYTE_ARRAY_EQUALITY)
+                .containsExactly("key1", bytes(0x04));
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getHostname()).isEqualTo("my-host");
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getHostAddresses())
+                .containsExactly(
+                        parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore("TODO: b/333806992 - Enable when it's not flaky at all")
+    public void advertisingProxy_srpClientUnregistersService_serviceIsNotDiscoverableByMdns()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                    Thread
+         *  Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *  (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        // Creates a Full Thread Devices (FTD) and let it join the network.
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        ftd.joinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+        ftd.setSrpHostname("my-host");
+        ftd.setSrpHostAddresses(
+                List.of(
+                        (Inet6Address) parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                        (Inet6Address) parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")));
+        ftd.addSrpService(
+                "my-service",
+                "_test._udp",
+                List.of("_sub1"),
+                12345 /* port */,
+                Map.of("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(0x03)));
+        // Wait for the service to be discoverable by NsdManager.
+        assertThat(discoverService(mNsdManager, "_test._udp")).isNotNull();
+
+        // Unregister the service.
+        CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> serviceLostFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener =
+                discoverForServiceLost(mNsdManager, "_test._udp", serviceLostFuture);
+        ftd.removeSrpService("my-service", "_test._udp", true /* notifyServer */);
+
+        // Verify the service becomes lost.
+        try {
+            serviceLostFuture.get(SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT.toMillis(), MILLISECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+        }
+        assertThrows(TimeoutException.class, () -> discoverService(mNsdManager, "_test._udp"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void meshcopOverlay_vendorAndModelNameAreSetToOverlayValue() throws Exception {
+        NsdServiceInfo discoveredService = discoverService(mNsdManager, "_meshcop._udp");
+        assertThat(discoveredService).isNotNull();
+        NsdServiceInfo meshcopService = resolveService(mNsdManager, discoveredService);
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> txtMap = meshcopService.getAttributes();
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("vn")).isEqualTo("Android".getBytes(UTF_8));
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("mn")).isEqualTo("Thread Border Router".getBytes(UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore("TODO: b/332452386 - Enable this test case when it handles the multi-client case well")
+    public void discoveryProxy_multipleClientsBrowseAndResolveServiceOverMdns() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                    Thread
+         *  Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *  (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        RegistrationListener listener = new RegistrationListener();
+        NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        info.setServiceType("_testservice._tcp");
+        info.setServiceName("test-service");
+        info.setPort(12345);
+        info.setHostname("testhost");
+        info.setHostAddresses(List.of(parseNumericAddress("2001::1")));
+        info.setAttribute("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02));
+        info.setAttribute("key2", bytes(0x03));
+        registerService(info, listener);
+        mRegistrationListeners.add(listener);
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_FTD; ++i) {
+            FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(i);
+            ftd.joinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+            ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+            ftd.setDnsServerAddress(mOtCtl.getMlEid().getHostAddress());
+        }
+        final ArrayList<NsdServiceInfo> browsedServices = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<NsdServiceInfo> resolvedServices = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_FTD; ++i) {
+            browsedServices.add(null);
+            resolvedServices.add(null);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_FTD; ++i) {
+            final FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(i);
+            final int index = i;
+            Runnable task =
+                    () -> {
+                        browsedServices.set(
+                                index,
+                                ftd.browseService("_testservice._tcp.default.service.arpa."));
+                        resolvedServices.set(
+                                index,
+                                ftd.resolveService(
+                                        "test-service", "_testservice._tcp.default.service.arpa."));
+                    };
+            threads.add(new Thread(task));
+        }
+        for (Thread thread : threads) {
+            thread.start();
+        }
+        for (Thread thread : threads) {
+            thread.join();
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_FTD; ++i) {
+            NsdServiceInfo browsedService = browsedServices.get(i);
+            assertThat(browsedService.getServiceName()).isEqualTo("test-service");
+            assertThat(browsedService.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
+
+            NsdServiceInfo resolvedService = resolvedServices.get(i);
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getServiceName()).isEqualTo("test-service");
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getHostname()).isEqualTo("testhost.default.service.arpa.");
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getHostAddresses())
+                    .containsExactly(parseNumericAddress("2001::1"));
+            assertThat(resolvedService.getAttributes())
+                    .comparingValuesUsing(BYTE_ARRAY_EQUALITY)
+                    .containsExactly("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(3));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void discoveryProxy_browseAndResolveServiceAtSrpServer() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                    Thread
+         *  Border Router -------+------ SRP client
+         *  (Cuttlefish)         |
+         *                       +------ DNS client
+         *
+         * </pre>
+         */
+        FullThreadDevice srpClient = mFtds.get(0);
+        srpClient.joinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        srpClient.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+        srpClient.setSrpHostname("my-host");
+        srpClient.setSrpHostAddresses(List.of((Inet6Address) parseNumericAddress("2001::1")));
+        srpClient.addSrpService(
+                "my-service",
+                "_test._udp",
+                List.of("_sub1"),
+                12345 /* port */,
+                Map.of("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(0x03)));
+
+        FullThreadDevice dnsClient = mFtds.get(1);
+        dnsClient.joinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        dnsClient.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+        dnsClient.setDnsServerAddress(mOtCtl.getMlEid().getHostAddress());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo browsedService = dnsClient.browseService("_test._udp.default.service.arpa.");
+        assertThat(browsedService.getServiceName()).isEqualTo("my-service");
+        assertThat(browsedService.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
+        assertThat(browsedService.getHostname()).isEqualTo("my-host.default.service.arpa.");
+        assertThat(browsedService.getHostAddresses())
+                .containsExactly(parseNumericAddress("2001::1"));
+        assertThat(browsedService.getAttributes())
+                .comparingValuesUsing(BYTE_ARRAY_EQUALITY)
+                .containsExactly("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(3));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo resolvedService =
+                dnsClient.resolveService("my-service", "_test._udp.default.service.arpa.");
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getServiceName()).isEqualTo("my-service");
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getHostname()).isEqualTo("my-host.default.service.arpa.");
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getHostAddresses())
+                .containsExactly(parseNumericAddress("2001::1"));
+        assertThat(resolvedService.getAttributes())
+                .comparingValuesUsing(BYTE_ARRAY_EQUALITY)
+                .containsExactly("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(3));
+    }
+
+    private void registerService(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, RegistrationListener listener)
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        mNsdManager.registerService(serviceInfo, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, listener);
+        listener.waitForRegistered();
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterService(RegistrationListener listener)
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        mNsdManager.unregisterService(listener);
+        listener.waitForUnregistered();
+    }
+
+    private static class RegistrationListener implements NsdManager.RegistrationListener {
+        private final CompletableFuture<Void> mRegisteredFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        private final CompletableFuture<Void> mUnRegisteredFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        RegistrationListener() {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRegistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnregistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceRegistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            mRegisteredFuture.complete(null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceUnregistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            mUnRegisteredFuture.complete(null);
+        }
+
+        public void waitForRegistered()
+                throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+            mRegisteredFuture.get(SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT.toMillis(), MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public void waitForUnregistered()
+                throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+            mUnRegisteredFuture.get(SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT.toMillis(), MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] bytes(int... byteInts) {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[byteInts.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < byteInts.length; ++i) {
+            bytes[i] = (byte) byteInts[i];
+        }
+        return bytes;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61b6eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.CALLBACK_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.RESTART_JOIN_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getIpv6LinkAddresses;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getPrefixesFromNetData;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getThreadNetwork;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isInMulticastGroup;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.TUN_IF_NAME;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
+import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+/** Tests for E2E Android Thread integration with ot-daemon, ConnectivityService, etc.. */
+@LargeTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class ThreadIntegrationTest {
+    // The byte[] buffer size for UDP tests
+    private static final int UDP_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
+
+    // The maximum time for OT addresses to be propagated to the TUN interface "thread-wpan"
+    private static final Duration TUN_ADDR_UPDATE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
+
+    // The maximum time for changes to be propagated to netdata.
+    private static final Duration NET_DATA_UPDATE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
+
+    // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset init new".
+    private static final byte[] DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS =
+            base16().decode(
+                            "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
+                                    + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
+                                    + "53760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF030F4F70656E5468726561"
+                                    + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
+                                    + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
+    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_DATASET =
+            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS);
+
+    private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff02::2");
+
+    private static final String TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX = "9101:dead:beef:cafe::/64";
+    private static final InetAddress TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("9101:dead:beef:cafe::");
+
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
+    private ExecutorService mExecutor;
+    private final Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
+    private final ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper mController =
+            ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(mContext);
+    private OtDaemonController mOtCtl;
+    private FullThreadDevice mFtd;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+        mOtCtl = new OtDaemonController();
+        mController.leaveAndWait();
+
+        // TODO: b/323301831 - This is a workaround to avoid unnecessary delay to re-form a network
+        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
+
+        mFtd = new FullThreadDevice(10 /* nodeId */);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(null);
+        mController.leaveAndWait();
+
+        mFtd.destroy();
+        mExecutor.shutdownNow();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void otDaemonRestart_notJoinedAndStopped_deviceRoleIsStopped() throws Exception {
+        mController.leaveAndWait();
+
+        runShellCommand("stop ot-daemon");
+        // TODO(b/323331973): the sleep is needed to workaround the race conditions
+        SystemClock.sleep(200);
+
+        mController.waitForRole(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void otDaemonRestart_JoinedNetworkAndStopped_autoRejoinedAndTunIfStateConsistent()
+            throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        runShellCommand("stop ot-daemon");
+
+        mController.waitForRole(DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT);
+        mController.waitForRole(DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER, RESTART_JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+        assertThat(mOtCtl.isInterfaceUp()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(runShellCommand("ifconfig thread-wpan")).contains("UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void otDaemonFactoryReset_deviceRoleIsStopped() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
+
+        assertThat(mController.getDeviceRole()).isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void otDaemonFactoryReset_addressesRemoved() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
+
+        String ifconfig = runShellCommand("ifconfig thread-wpan");
+        assertThat(ifconfig).doesNotContain("inet6 addr");
+    }
+
+    // TODO (b/323300829): add test for removing an OT address
+    @Test
+    public void tunInterface_joinedNetwork_otAndTunAddressesMatch() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        List<Inet6Address> otAddresses = mOtCtl.getAddresses();
+        assertThat(otAddresses).isNotEmpty();
+        // TODO: it's cleaner to have a retry() method to retry failed asserts in given delay so
+        // that we can write assertThat() in the Predicate
+        waitFor(
+                () -> {
+                    List<Inet6Address> tunAddresses =
+                            getIpv6LinkAddresses("thread-wpan").stream()
+                                    .map(linkAddr -> (Inet6Address) linkAddr.getAddress())
+                                    .toList();
+                    return otAddresses.containsAll(tunAddresses)
+                            && tunAddresses.containsAll(otAddresses);
+                },
+                TUN_ADDR_UPDATE_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void otDaemonRestart_latestCountryCodeIsSetToOtDaemon() throws Exception {
+        runThreadCommand("force-country-code enabled CN");
+
+        runShellCommand("stop ot-daemon");
+        // TODO(b/323331973): the sleep is needed to workaround the race conditions
+        SystemClock.sleep(200);
+        mController.waitForRole(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT);
+
+        assertThat(mOtCtl.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo("CN");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void udp_appStartEchoServer_endDeviceUdpEchoSuccess() throws Exception {
+        // Topology:
+        //   Test App ------ thread-wpan ------ End Device
+
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        startFtdChild(mFtd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        final Inet6Address serverAddress = mOtCtl.getMeshLocalAddresses().get(0);
+        final int serverPort = 9527;
+
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> startUdpEchoServerAndWait(serverAddress, serverPort));
+        mFtd.udpOpen();
+        mFtd.udpSend("Hello,Thread", serverAddress, serverPort);
+        String udpReply = mFtd.udpReceive();
+
+        assertThat(udpReply).isEqualTo("Hello,Thread");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void joinNetworkWithBrDisabled_meshLocalAddressesArePreferred() throws Exception {
+        // When BR feature is disabled, there is no OMR address, so the mesh-local addresses are
+        // expected to be preferred.
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("br disable");
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        IpPrefix meshLocalPrefix = DEFAULT_DATASET.getMeshLocalPrefix();
+        List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = getIpv6LinkAddresses("thread-wpan");
+        for (LinkAddress address : linkAddresses) {
+            if (meshLocalPrefix.contains(address.getAddress())) {
+                assertThat(address.getDeprecationTime())
+                        .isGreaterThan(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
+                assertThat(address.isPreferred()).isTrue();
+            }
+        }
+
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("br enable");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void joinNetwork_tunInterfaceJoinsAllRouterMulticastGroup() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        assertTunInterfaceMemberOfGroup(GROUP_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void edPingsMeshLocalAddresses_oneReplyPerRequest() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        startFtdChild(mFtd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        List<Inet6Address> meshLocalAddresses = mOtCtl.getMeshLocalAddresses();
+
+        for (Inet6Address address : meshLocalAddresses) {
+            assertWithMessage(
+                            "There may be duplicated replies of ping request to "
+                                    + address.getHostAddress())
+                    .that(mFtd.ping(address, 2))
+                    .isEqualTo(2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void addPrefixToNetData_routeIsAddedToTunInterface() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        // Ftd child doesn't have the ability to add a prefix, so let BR itself add a prefix.
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("prefix add " + TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX + " pros med");
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("netdata register");
+        waitFor(
+                () -> {
+                    String netData = mOtCtl.executeCommand("netdata show");
+                    return getPrefixesFromNetData(netData).contains(TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX);
+                },
+                NET_DATA_UPDATE_TIMEOUT);
+
+        LinkProperties lp = cm.getLinkProperties(getThreadNetwork(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT));
+        assertThat(lp).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(lp.getRoutes().stream().anyMatch(r -> r.matches(TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX_ADDRESS)))
+                .isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void removePrefixFromNetData_routeIsRemovedFromTunInterface() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("prefix add " + TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX + " pros med");
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("netdata register");
+
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("prefix remove " + TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX);
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("netdata register");
+        waitFor(
+                () -> {
+                    String netData = mOtCtl.executeCommand("netdata show");
+                    return !getPrefixesFromNetData(netData).contains(TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX);
+                },
+                NET_DATA_UPDATE_TIMEOUT);
+
+        LinkProperties lp = cm.getLinkProperties(getThreadNetwork(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT));
+        assertThat(lp).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(lp.getRoutes().stream().anyMatch(r -> r.matches(TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX_ADDRESS)))
+                .isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void toggleThreadNetwork_routeFromPreviousNetDataIsRemoved() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("prefix add " + TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX + " pros med");
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("netdata register");
+
+        mController.leaveAndWait();
+        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        LinkProperties lp = cm.getLinkProperties(getThreadNetwork(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT));
+        assertThat(lp).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(lp.getRoutes().stream().anyMatch(r -> r.matches(TEST_NO_SLAAC_PREFIX_ADDRESS)))
+                .isFalse();
+    }
+
+    // TODO (b/323300829): add more tests for integration with linux platform and
+    // ConnectivityService
+
+    private static String runThreadCommand(String cmd) {
+        return runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd thread_network " + cmd);
+    }
+
+    private void startFtdChild(FullThreadDevice ftd, ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset)
+            throws Exception {
+        ftd.factoryReset();
+        ftd.joinNetwork(activeDataset);
+        ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), Duration.ofSeconds(8));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts a UDP echo server and replies to the first UDP message.
+     *
+     * <p>This method exits when the first UDP message is received and the reply is sent
+     */
+    private void startUdpEchoServerAndWait(InetAddress serverAddress, int serverPort) {
+        try (var udpServerSocket = new DatagramSocket(serverPort, serverAddress)) {
+            DatagramPacket recvPacket =
+                    new DatagramPacket(new byte[UDP_BUFFER_SIZE], UDP_BUFFER_SIZE);
+            udpServerSocket.receive(recvPacket);
+            byte[] sendBuffer = Arrays.copyOf(recvPacket.getData(), recvPacket.getData().length);
+            udpServerSocket.send(
+                    new DatagramPacket(
+                            sendBuffer,
+                            sendBuffer.length,
+                            (Inet6Address) recvPacket.getAddress(),
+                            recvPacket.getPort()));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertTunInterfaceMemberOfGroup(Inet6Address address) throws Exception {
+        waitFor(() -> isInMulticastGroup(TUN_IF_NAME, address), TUN_ADDR_UPDATE_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba04348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+
+import static androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+/** Tests for hide methods of {@link ThreadNetworkController}. */
+@LargeTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class ThreadNetworkControllerTest {
+    private static final int VALID_POWER = 32_767;
+    private static final int INVALID_POWER = 32_768;
+    private static final int VALID_CHANNEL = 20;
+    private static final int INVALID_CHANNEL = 10;
+    private static final String THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED =
+            "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED";
+
+    private static final SparseIntArray CHANNEL_MAX_POWERS =
+            new SparseIntArray() {
+                {
+                    put(20, 32767);
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
+    private final Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
+    private ExecutorService mExecutor;
+    private ThreadNetworkController mController;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mController =
+                mContext.getSystemService(ThreadNetworkManager.class)
+                        .getAllThreadNetworkControllers()
+                        .get(0);
+
+        mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        dropAllPermissions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setChannelMaxPowers_withPrivilegedPermission_success() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> powerFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        runAsShell(
+                THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () ->
+                        mController.setChannelMaxPowers(
+                                CHANNEL_MAX_POWERS, mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(powerFuture)));
+
+        try {
+            assertThat(powerFuture.get()).isNull();
+        } catch (ExecutionException exception) {
+            ThreadNetworkException thrown = (ThreadNetworkException) exception.getCause();
+            assertThat(thrown.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setChannelMaxPowers_withoutPrivilegedPermission_throwsSecurityException()
+            throws Exception {
+        dropAllPermissions();
+
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mController.setChannelMaxPowers(CHANNEL_MAX_POWERS, mExecutor, v -> {}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setChannelMaxPowers_emptyChannelMaxPower_throwsIllegalArgumentException() {
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mController.setChannelMaxPowers(new SparseIntArray(), mExecutor, v -> {}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setChannelMaxPowers_invalidChannel_throwsIllegalArgumentException() {
+        final SparseIntArray INVALID_CHANNEL_ARRAY =
+                new SparseIntArray() {
+                    {
+                        put(INVALID_CHANNEL, VALID_POWER);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mController.setChannelMaxPowers(INVALID_CHANNEL_ARRAY, mExecutor, v -> {}));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setChannelMaxPowers_invalidPower_throwsIllegalArgumentException() {
+        final SparseIntArray INVALID_POWER_ARRAY =
+                new SparseIntArray() {
+                    {
+                        put(VALID_CHANNEL, INVALID_POWER);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mController.setChannelMaxPowers(INVALID_POWER_ARRAY, mExecutor, v -> {}));
+    }
+
+    private static void dropAllPermissions() {
+        getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation().dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private static <V> OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException> newOutcomeReceiver(
+            CompletableFuture<V> future) {
+        return new OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onResult(V result) {
+                future.complete(result);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                future.completeExceptionally(e);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8835f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_ENABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper;
+
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+/** Integration tests for {@link ThreadNetworkShellCommand}. */
+@LargeTest
+@RequiresThreadFeature
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest {
+    @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
+
+    private final Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
+    private final ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper mController =
+            ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(mContext);
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        ensureThreadEnabled();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        ensureThreadEnabled();
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureThreadEnabled() {
+        runThreadCommand("force-stop-ot-daemon disabled");
+        runThreadCommand("enable");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enable_threadStateIsEnabled() throws Exception {
+        runThreadCommand("enable");
+
+        assertThat(mController.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void disable_threadStateIsDisabled() throws Exception {
+        runThreadCommand("disable");
+
+        assertThat(mController.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemon_forceStopEnabled_otDaemonServiceDisappear() {
+        runThreadCommand("force-stop-ot-daemon enabled");
+
+        assertThat(runShellCommandOrThrow("service list")).doesNotContain("ot_daemon");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemon_forceStopEnabled_canNotEnableThread() throws Exception {
+        runThreadCommand("force-stop-ot-daemon enabled");
+
+        ExecutionException thrown =
+                assertThrows(ExecutionException.class, () -> mController.setEnabledAndWait(true));
+        ThreadNetworkException cause = (ThreadNetworkException) thrown.getCause();
+        assertThat(cause.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemon_forceStopDisabled_otDaemonServiceAppears() throws Exception {
+        runThreadCommand("force-stop-ot-daemon disabled");
+
+        assertThat(runShellCommandOrThrow("service list")).contains("ot_daemon");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemon_forceStopDisabled_canEnableThread() throws Exception {
+        runThreadCommand("force-stop-ot-daemon disabled");
+
+        mController.setEnabledAndWait(true);
+        assertThat(mController.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceCountryCode_setCN_getCountryCodeReturnsCN() {
+        runThreadCommand("force-country-code enabled CN");
+
+        final String result = runThreadCommand("get-country-code");
+        assertThat(result).contains("Thread country code = CN");
+    }
+
+    private static String runThreadCommand(String cmd) {
+        return runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd thread_network " + cmd);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46cf562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.FormatMethod;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * A class that launches and controls a simulation Full Thread Device (FTD).
+ *
+ * <p>This class launches an `ot-cli-ftd` process and communicates with it via command line input
+ * and output. See <a
+ * href="https://github.com/openthread/openthread/blob/main/src/cli/README.md">this page</a> for
+ * available commands.
+ */
+public final class FullThreadDevice {
+    private static final int HOP_LIMIT = 64;
+    private static final int PING_INTERVAL = 1;
+    private static final int PING_SIZE = 100;
+    // There may not be a response for the ping command, using a short timeout to keep the tests
+    // short.
+    private static final float PING_TIMEOUT_0_1_SECOND = 0.1f;
+    // 1 second timeout should be used when response is expected.
+    private static final float PING_TIMEOUT_1_SECOND = 1f;
+
+    private final Process mProcess;
+    private final BufferedReader mReader;
+    private final BufferedWriter mWriter;
+
+    private ActiveOperationalDataset mActiveOperationalDataset;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@link FullThreadDevice} for the given node ID.
+     *
+     * <p>It launches an `ot-cli-ftd` process using the given node ID. The node ID is an integer in
+     * range [1, OPENTHREAD_SIMULATION_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE]. `OPENTHREAD_SIMULATION_MAX_NETWORK_SIZE`
+     * is defined in `external/openthread/examples/platforms/simulation/platform-config.h`.
+     *
+     * @param nodeId the node ID for the simulation Full Thread Device.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException the node ID is already occupied by another simulation Thread
+     *     device.
+     */
+    public FullThreadDevice(int nodeId) {
+        try {
+            mProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/ot-cli-ftd -Leth1 " + nodeId);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Failed to start ot-cli-ftd -Leth1 (id=" + nodeId + ")", e);
+        }
+        mReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(mProcess.getInputStream()));
+        mWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(mProcess.getOutputStream()));
+        mActiveOperationalDataset = null;
+    }
+
+    public void destroy() {
+        mProcess.destroy();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an OMR (Off-Mesh-Routable) address on this device if any.
+     *
+     * <p>This methods goes through all unicast addresses on the device and returns the first
+     * address which is neither link-local nor mesh-local.
+     */
+    public Inet6Address getOmrAddress() {
+        List<String> addresses = executeCommand("ipaddr");
+        IpPrefix meshLocalPrefix = mActiveOperationalDataset.getMeshLocalPrefix();
+        for (String address : addresses) {
+            if (address.startsWith("fe80:")) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Inet6Address addr = (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(address);
+            if (!meshLocalPrefix.contains(addr)) {
+                return addr;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the Mesh-local EID address on this device if any. */
+    public Inet6Address getMlEid() {
+        List<String> addresses = executeCommand("ipaddr mleid");
+        return (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addresses.get(0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the link-local address of the device.
+     *
+     * <p>This methods goes through all unicast addresses on the device and returns the address that
+     * begins with fe80.
+     */
+    public Inet6Address getLinkLocalAddress() {
+        List<String> output = executeCommand("ipaddr linklocal");
+        if (!output.isEmpty() && output.get(0).startsWith("fe80:")) {
+            return (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(output.get(0));
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the mesh-local addresses of the device.
+     *
+     * <p>This methods goes through all unicast addresses on the device and returns the address that
+     * begins with mesh-local prefix.
+     */
+    public List<Inet6Address> getMeshLocalAddresses() {
+        List<String> addresses = executeCommand("ipaddr");
+        List<Inet6Address> meshLocalAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        IpPrefix meshLocalPrefix = mActiveOperationalDataset.getMeshLocalPrefix();
+        for (String address : addresses) {
+            Inet6Address addr = (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(address);
+            if (meshLocalPrefix.contains(addr)) {
+                meshLocalAddresses.add(addr);
+            }
+        }
+        return meshLocalAddresses;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Joins the Thread network using the given {@link ActiveOperationalDataset}.
+     *
+     * @param dataset the Active Operational Dataset
+     */
+    public void joinNetwork(ActiveOperationalDataset dataset) {
+        mActiveOperationalDataset = dataset;
+        executeCommand("dataset set active " + base16().lowerCase().encode(dataset.toThreadTlvs()));
+        executeCommand("ifconfig up");
+        executeCommand("thread start");
+    }
+
+    /** Stops the Thread network radio. */
+    public void stopThreadRadio() {
+        executeCommand("thread stop");
+        executeCommand("ifconfig down");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the Thread device to enter the any state of the given {@link List<String>}.
+     *
+     * @param states the list of states to wait for. Valid states are "disabled", "detached",
+     *     "child", "router" and "leader".
+     * @param timeout the time to wait for the expected state before throwing
+     */
+    public void waitForStateAnyOf(List<String> states, Duration timeout) throws TimeoutException {
+        waitFor(() -> states.contains(getState()), timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the state of the Thread device.
+     *
+     * @return a string representing the state.
+     */
+    public String getState() {
+        return executeCommand("state").get(0);
+    }
+
+    /** Closes the UDP socket. */
+    public void udpClose() {
+        executeCommand("udp close");
+    }
+
+    /** Opens the UDP socket. */
+    public void udpOpen() {
+        executeCommand("udp open");
+    }
+
+    /** Opens the UDP socket and binds it to a specific address and port. */
+    public void udpBind(Inet6Address address, int port) {
+        udpClose();
+        udpOpen();
+        executeCommand("udp bind %s %d", address.getHostAddress(), port);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the message received on the UDP socket. */
+    public String udpReceive() throws IOException {
+        Pattern pattern =
+                Pattern.compile("> (\\d+) bytes from ([\\da-f:]+) (\\d+) ([\\x00-\\x7F]+)");
+        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(mReader.readLine());
+        matcher.matches();
+
+        return matcher.group(4);
+    }
+
+    /** Sends a UDP message to given IPv6 address and port. */
+    public void udpSend(String message, Inet6Address serverAddr, int serverPort) {
+        executeCommand("udp send %s %d %s", serverAddr.getHostAddress(), serverPort, message);
+    }
+
+    /** Enables the SRP client and run in autostart mode. */
+    public void autoStartSrpClient() {
+        executeCommand("srp client autostart enable");
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the hostname (e.g. "MyHost") for the SRP client. */
+    public void setSrpHostname(String hostname) {
+        executeCommand("srp client host name " + hostname);
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the host addresses for the SRP client. */
+    public void setSrpHostAddresses(List<Inet6Address> addresses) {
+        executeCommand(
+                "srp client host address "
+                        + String.join(
+                                " ",
+                                addresses.stream().map(Inet6Address::getHostAddress).toList()));
+    }
+
+    /** Removes the SRP host */
+    public void removeSrpHost() {
+        executeCommand("srp client host remove 1 1");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an SRP service for the SRP client and wait for the registration to complete.
+     *
+     * @param serviceName the service name like "MyService"
+     * @param serviceType the service type like "_test._tcp"
+     * @param subtypes the service subtypes like "_sub1"
+     * @param port the port number in range [1, 65535]
+     * @param txtMap the map of TXT names and values
+     * @throws TimeoutException if the service isn't registered within timeout
+     */
+    public void addSrpService(
+            String serviceName,
+            String serviceType,
+            List<String> subtypes,
+            int port,
+            Map<String, byte[]> txtMap)
+            throws TimeoutException {
+        StringBuilder fullServiceType = new StringBuilder(serviceType);
+        for (String subtype : subtypes) {
+            fullServiceType.append(",").append(subtype);
+        }
+        executeCommand(
+                "srp client service add %s %s %d %d %d %s",
+                serviceName,
+                fullServiceType,
+                port,
+                0 /* priority */,
+                0 /* weight */,
+                txtMapToHexString(txtMap));
+        waitFor(() -> isSrpServiceRegistered(serviceName, serviceType), SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes an SRP service for the SRP client.
+     *
+     * @param serviceName the service name like "MyService"
+     * @param serviceType the service type like "_test._tcp"
+     * @param notifyServer whether to notify SRP server about the removal
+     */
+    public void removeSrpService(String serviceName, String serviceType, boolean notifyServer) {
+        String verb = notifyServer ? "remove" : "clear";
+        executeCommand("srp client service %s %s %s", verb, serviceName, serviceType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates an existing SRP service for the SRP client.
+     *
+     * <p>This is essentially a 'remove' and an 'add' on the SRP client's side.
+     *
+     * @param serviceName the service name like "MyService"
+     * @param serviceType the service type like "_test._tcp"
+     * @param subtypes the service subtypes like "_sub1"
+     * @param port the port number in range [1, 65535]
+     * @param txtMap the map of TXT names and values
+     * @throws TimeoutException if the service isn't updated within timeout
+     */
+    public void updateSrpService(
+            String serviceName,
+            String serviceType,
+            List<String> subtypes,
+            int port,
+            Map<String, byte[]> txtMap)
+            throws TimeoutException {
+        removeSrpService(serviceName, serviceType, false /* notifyServer */);
+        addSrpService(serviceName, serviceType, subtypes, port, txtMap);
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if an SRP service is registered. */
+    public boolean isSrpServiceRegistered(String serviceName, String serviceType) {
+        List<String> lines = executeCommand("srp client service");
+        for (String line : lines) {
+            if (line.contains(serviceName) && line.contains(serviceType)) {
+                return line.contains("Registered");
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if an SRP host is registered. */
+    public boolean isSrpHostRegistered() {
+        List<String> lines = executeCommand("srp client host");
+        for (String line : lines) {
+            return line.contains("Registered");
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the DNS server address. */
+    public void setDnsServerAddress(String address) {
+        executeCommand("dns config " + address);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the first browsed service instance of {@code serviceType}. */
+    public NsdServiceInfo browseService(String serviceType) {
+        // CLI output:
+        // DNS browse response for _testservice._tcp.default.service.arpa.
+        // test-service
+        //    Port:12345, Priority:0, Weight:0, TTL:10
+        //    Host:testhost.default.service.arpa.
+        //    HostAddress:2001:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 TTL:10
+        //    TXT:[key1=0102, key2=03] TTL:10
+
+        List<String> lines = executeCommand("dns browse " + serviceType);
+        NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        info.setServiceName(lines.get(1));
+        info.setServiceType(serviceType);
+        info.setPort(DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parsePort(lines.get(2)));
+        info.setHostname(DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parseHostname(lines.get(3)));
+        info.setHostAddresses(List.of(DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parseHostAddress(lines.get(4))));
+        DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parseTxtIntoServiceInfo(lines.get(5), info);
+
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the resolved service instance. */
+    public NsdServiceInfo resolveService(String serviceName, String serviceType) {
+        // CLI output:
+        // DNS service resolution response for test-service for service
+        // _test._tcp.default.service.arpa.
+        // Port:12345, Priority:0, Weight:0, TTL:10
+        // Host:Android.default.service.arpa.
+        // HostAddress:2001:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 TTL:10
+        // TXT:[key1=0102, key2=03] TTL:10
+
+        List<String> lines = executeCommand("dns service %s %s", serviceName, serviceType);
+        NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        info.setServiceName(serviceName);
+        info.setServiceType(serviceType);
+        info.setPort(DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parsePort(lines.get(1)));
+        info.setHostname(DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parseHostname(lines.get(2)));
+        info.setHostAddresses(List.of(DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parseHostAddress(lines.get(3))));
+        DnsServiceCliOutputParser.parseTxtIntoServiceInfo(lines.get(4), info);
+
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    /** Runs the "factoryreset" command on the device. */
+    public void factoryReset() {
+        try {
+            mWriter.write("factoryreset\n");
+            mWriter.flush();
+            // fill the input buffer to avoid truncating next command
+            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
+                mWriter.write("\n");
+            }
+            mWriter.flush();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to run factoryreset on ot-cli-ftd", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void subscribeMulticastAddress(Inet6Address address) {
+        executeCommand("ipmaddr add " + address.getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    public void ping(Inet6Address address, Inet6Address source) {
+        ping(
+                address,
+                source,
+                PING_SIZE,
+                1 /* count */,
+                PING_INTERVAL,
+                HOP_LIMIT,
+                PING_TIMEOUT_0_1_SECOND);
+    }
+
+    public void ping(Inet6Address address) {
+        ping(
+                address,
+                null,
+                PING_SIZE,
+                1 /* count */,
+                PING_INTERVAL,
+                HOP_LIMIT,
+                PING_TIMEOUT_0_1_SECOND);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the number of ping reply packets received. */
+    public int ping(Inet6Address address, int count) {
+        List<String> output =
+                ping(
+                        address,
+                        null,
+                        PING_SIZE,
+                        count,
+                        PING_INTERVAL,
+                        HOP_LIMIT,
+                        PING_TIMEOUT_1_SECOND);
+        return getReceivedPacketsCount(output);
+    }
+
+    private List<String> ping(
+            Inet6Address address,
+            Inet6Address source,
+            int size,
+            int count,
+            int interval,
+            int hopLimit,
+            float timeout) {
+        String cmd =
+                "ping"
+                        + ((source == null) ? "" : (" -I " + source.getHostAddress()))
+                        + " "
+                        + address.getHostAddress()
+                        + " "
+                        + size
+                        + " "
+                        + count
+                        + " "
+                        + interval
+                        + " "
+                        + hopLimit
+                        + " "
+                        + timeout;
+        return executeCommand(cmd);
+    }
+
+    private int getReceivedPacketsCount(List<String> stringList) {
+        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("([\\d]+) packets received");
+
+        for (String message : stringList) {
+            Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(message);
+            if (matcher.find()) {
+                String packetCountStr = matcher.group(1);
+                return Integer.parseInt(packetCountStr);
+            }
+        }
+        // No match found
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    @FormatMethod
+    private List<String> executeCommand(String commandFormat, Object... args) {
+        return executeCommand(String.format(commandFormat, args));
+    }
+
+    private List<String> executeCommand(String command) {
+        try {
+            mWriter.write(command + "\n");
+            mWriter.flush();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Failed to write the command " + command + " to ot-cli-ftd", e);
+        }
+        try {
+            return readUntilDone();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Failed to read the ot-cli-ftd output of command: " + command, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<String> readUntilDone() throws IOException {
+        ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        String line;
+        while ((line = mReader.readLine()) != null) {
+            if (line.equals("Done")) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (line.startsWith("Error")) {
+                throw new IOException("ot-cli-ftd reported an error: " + line);
+            }
+            if (!line.startsWith("> ")) {
+                result.add(line);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static String txtMapToHexString(Map<String, byte[]> txtMap) {
+        if (txtMap == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Map.Entry<String, byte[]> entry : txtMap.entrySet()) {
+            int length = entry.getKey().length() + entry.getValue().length + 1;
+            sb.append(String.format("%02x", length));
+            sb.append(toHexString(entry.getKey()));
+            sb.append(toHexString("="));
+            sb.append(toHexString(entry.getValue()));
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String toHexString(String s) {
+        return toHexString(s.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
+        return base16().encode(bytes);
+    }
+
+    private static final class DnsServiceCliOutputParser {
+        /** Returns the first match in the input of a given regex pattern. */
+        private static Matcher firstMatchOf(String input, String regex) {
+            Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(input);
+            matcher.find();
+            return matcher;
+        }
+
+        // Example: "Port:12345"
+        private static int parsePort(String line) {
+            return Integer.parseInt(firstMatchOf(line, "Port:(\\d+)").group(1));
+        }
+
+        // Example: "Host:Android.default.service.arpa."
+        private static String parseHostname(String line) {
+            return firstMatchOf(line, "Host:(.+)").group(1);
+        }
+
+        // Example: "HostAddress:2001:0:0:0:0:0:0:1"
+        private static InetAddress parseHostAddress(String line) {
+            return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(
+                    firstMatchOf(line, "HostAddress:([^ ]+)").group(1));
+        }
+
+        // Example: "TXT:[key1=0102, key2=03]"
+        private static void parseTxtIntoServiceInfo(String line, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            String txtString = firstMatchOf(line, "TXT:\\[([^\\]]+)\\]").group(1);
+            for (String txtEntry : txtString.split(",")) {
+                String[] nameAndValue = txtEntry.trim().split("=");
+                String name = nameAndValue[0];
+                String value = nameAndValue[1];
+                byte[] bytes = new byte[value.length() / 2];
+                for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i += 2) {
+                    byte b = (byte) ((value.charAt(i) - '0') << 4 | (value.charAt(i + 1) - '0'));
+                    bytes[i / 2] = b;
+                }
+                serviceInfo.setAttribute(name, bytes);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/InfraNetworkDevice.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/InfraNetworkDevice.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72a278c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/InfraNetworkDevice.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getRaPios;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.pollForPacket;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_SLLA;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS_MULTICAST;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Ipv6Utils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.LlaOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+/**
+ * A class that simulates a device on the infrastructure network.
+ *
+ * <p>This class directly interacts with the TUN interface of the test network to pretend there's a
+ * device on the infrastructure network.
+ */
+public final class InfraNetworkDevice {
+    // The MAC address of this device.
+    public final MacAddress macAddr;
+    // The packet reader of the TUN interface of the test network.
+    public final TapPacketReader packetReader;
+    // The IPv6 address generated by SLAAC for the device.
+    public Inet6Address ipv6Addr;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an InfraNetworkDevice with the given {@link MAC address} and {@link
+     * TapPacketReader}.
+     *
+     * @param macAddr the MAC address of the device
+     * @param packetReader the packet reader of the TUN interface of the test network.
+     */
+    public InfraNetworkDevice(MacAddress macAddr, TapPacketReader packetReader) {
+        this.macAddr = macAddr;
+        this.packetReader = packetReader;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends an ICMPv6 echo request message to the given {@link Inet6Address}.
+     *
+     * @param dstAddr the destination address of the packet.
+     * @throws IOException when it fails to send the packet.
+     */
+    public void sendEchoRequest(Inet6Address dstAddr) throws IOException {
+        ByteBuffer icmp6Packet = Ipv6Utils.buildEchoRequestPacket(ipv6Addr, dstAddr);
+        packetReader.sendResponse(icmp6Packet);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends an ICMPv6 Router Solicitation (RS) message to all routers on the network.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException when it fails to send the packet.
+     */
+    public void sendRsPacket() throws IOException {
+        ByteBuffer slla = LlaOption.build((byte) ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_SLLA, macAddr);
+        ByteBuffer rs =
+                Ipv6Utils.buildRsPacket(
+                        (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("fe80::1"),
+                        IPV6_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS_MULTICAST,
+                        slla);
+        packetReader.sendResponse(rs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs SLAAC to generate an IPv6 address for the device.
+     *
+     * <p>The devices sends an RS message, processes the received RA messages and generates an IPv6
+     * address if there's any available Prefix Information Option (PIO). For now it only generates
+     * one address in total and doesn't track the expiration.
+     *
+     * @param timeoutSeconds the number of seconds to wait for.
+     * @throws TimeoutException when the device fails to generate a SLAAC address in given timeout.
+     */
+    public void runSlaac(Duration timeout) throws TimeoutException {
+        waitFor(() -> (ipv6Addr = runSlaac()) != null, timeout);
+    }
+
+    private Inet6Address runSlaac() {
+        try {
+            sendRsPacket();
+
+            final byte[] raPacket = pollForPacket(packetReader, p -> !getRaPios(p).isEmpty());
+
+            final List<PrefixInformationOption> options = getRaPios(raPacket);
+
+            for (PrefixInformationOption pio : options) {
+                if (pio.validLifetime > 0 && pio.preferredLifetime > 0) {
+                    final byte[] addressBytes = pio.prefix;
+                    addressBytes[addressBytes.length - 1] = (byte) (new Random()).nextInt();
+                    addressBytes[addressBytes.length - 2] = (byte) (new Random()).nextInt();
+                    return (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(addressBytes);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to generate an address by SLAAC", e);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ada46c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_PIO;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
+
+import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors.directExecutor;
+
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RaHeader;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.SettableFuture;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/** Static utility methods relating to Thread integration tests. */
+public final class IntegrationTestUtils {
+    // The timeout of join() after restarting ot-daemon. The device needs to send 6 Link Request
+    // every 5 seconds, followed by 4 Parent Request every second. So this value needs to be 40
+    // seconds to be safe
+    public static final Duration RESTART_JOIN_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(40);
+    public static final Duration JOIN_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(30);
+    public static final Duration LEAVE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+    public static final Duration CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
+    public static final Duration SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(20);
+
+    private IntegrationTestUtils() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the given {@link Supplier} to be true until given timeout.
+     *
+     * @param condition the condition to check
+     * @param timeout the time to wait for the condition before throwing
+     * @throws TimeoutException if the condition is still not met when the timeout expires
+     */
+    public static void waitFor(Supplier<Boolean> condition, Duration timeout)
+            throws TimeoutException {
+        final long intervalMills = 500;
+        final long timeoutMills = timeout.toMillis();
+
+        for (long i = 0; i < timeoutMills; i += intervalMills) {
+            if (condition.get()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            SystemClock.sleep(intervalMills);
+        }
+        if (condition.get()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        throw new TimeoutException("The condition failed to become true in " + timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@link TapPacketReader} given the {@link TestNetworkInterface} and {@link Handler}.
+     *
+     * @param testNetworkInterface the TUN interface of the test network
+     * @param handler the handler to process the packets
+     * @return the {@link TapPacketReader}
+     */
+    public static TapPacketReader newPacketReader(
+            TestNetworkInterface testNetworkInterface, Handler handler) {
+        FileDescriptor fd = testNetworkInterface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
+        final TapPacketReader reader =
+                new TapPacketReader(handler, fd, testNetworkInterface.getMtu());
+        handler.post(() -> reader.start());
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(handler, 5000 /* timeout in milliseconds */);
+        return reader;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the Thread module to enter any state of the given {@code deviceRoles}.
+     *
+     * @param controller the {@link ThreadNetworkController}
+     * @param deviceRoles the desired device roles. See also {@link
+     *     ThreadNetworkController.DeviceRole}
+     * @param timeout the time to wait for the expected state before throwing
+     * @return the {@link ThreadNetworkController.DeviceRole} after waiting
+     * @throws TimeoutException if the device hasn't become any of expected roles until the timeout
+     *     expires
+     */
+    public static int waitForStateAnyOf(
+            ThreadNetworkController controller, List<Integer> deviceRoles, Duration timeout)
+            throws TimeoutException {
+        SettableFuture<Integer> future = SettableFuture.create();
+        ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback callback =
+                newRole -> {
+                    if (deviceRoles.contains(newRole)) {
+                        future.set(newRole);
+                    }
+                };
+        controller.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), callback);
+        try {
+            return future.get(timeout.toMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+            throw new TimeoutException(
+                    String.format(
+                            "The device didn't become an expected role in %s: %s",
+                            timeout, e.getMessage()));
+        } finally {
+            controller.unregisterStateCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Polls for a packet from a given {@link TapPacketReader} that satisfies the {@code filter}.
+     *
+     * @param packetReader a TUN packet reader
+     * @param filter the filter to be applied on the packet
+     * @return the first IPv6 packet that satisfies the {@code filter}. If it has waited for more
+     *     than 3000ms to read the next packet, the method will return null
+     */
+    public static byte[] pollForPacket(TapPacketReader packetReader, Predicate<byte[]> filter) {
+        byte[] packet;
+        while ((packet = packetReader.poll(3000 /* timeoutMs */, filter)) != null) {
+            return packet;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if {@code packet} is an ICMPv6 packet of given {@code type}. */
+    public static boolean isExpectedIcmpv6Packet(byte[] packet, int type) {
+        if (packet == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
+        try {
+            if (Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, buf).nextHeader != (byte) IPPROTO_ICMPV6) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return Struct.parse(Icmpv6Header.class, buf).type == (short) type;
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // It's fine that the passed in packet is malformed because it's could be sent
+            // by anybody.
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isFromIpv6Source(byte[] packet, Inet6Address src) {
+        if (packet == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
+        try {
+            return Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, buf).srcIp.equals(src);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // It's fine that the passed in packet is malformed because it's could be sent
+            // by anybody.
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isToIpv6Destination(byte[] packet, Inet6Address dest) {
+        if (packet == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
+        try {
+            return Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, buf).dstIp.equals(dest);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // It's fine that the passed in packet is malformed because it's could be sent
+            // by anybody.
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the Prefix Information Options (PIO) extracted from an ICMPv6 RA message. */
+    public static List<PrefixInformationOption> getRaPios(byte[] raMsg) {
+        final ArrayList<PrefixInformationOption> pioList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (raMsg == null) {
+            return pioList;
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(raMsg);
+        final Ipv6Header ipv6Header = Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, buf);
+        if (ipv6Header.nextHeader != (byte) IPPROTO_ICMPV6) {
+            return pioList;
+        }
+
+        final Icmpv6Header icmpv6Header = Struct.parse(Icmpv6Header.class, buf);
+        if (icmpv6Header.type != (short) ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT) {
+            return pioList;
+        }
+
+        Struct.parse(RaHeader.class, buf);
+        while (buf.position() < raMsg.length) {
+            final int currentPos = buf.position();
+            final int type = Byte.toUnsignedInt(buf.get());
+            final int length = Byte.toUnsignedInt(buf.get());
+            if (type == ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_PIO) {
+                final ByteBuffer pioBuf =
+                        ByteBuffer.wrap(
+                                buf.array(),
+                                currentPos,
+                                Struct.getSize(PrefixInformationOption.class));
+                final PrefixInformationOption pio =
+                        Struct.parse(PrefixInformationOption.class, pioBuf);
+                pioList.add(pio);
+
+                // Move ByteBuffer position to the next option.
+                buf.position(currentPos + Struct.getSize(PrefixInformationOption.class));
+            } else {
+                // The length is in units of 8 octets.
+                buf.position(currentPos + (length * 8));
+            }
+        }
+        return pioList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends a UDP message to a destination.
+     *
+     * @param dstAddress the IP address of the destination
+     * @param dstPort the port of the destination
+     * @param message the message in UDP payload
+     * @throws IOException if failed to send the message
+     */
+    public static void sendUdpMessage(InetAddress dstAddress, int dstPort, String message)
+            throws IOException {
+        SocketAddress dstSockAddr = new InetSocketAddress(dstAddress, dstPort);
+
+        try (DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket()) {
+            socket.connect(dstSockAddr);
+
+            byte[] msgBytes = message.getBytes();
+            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msgBytes, msgBytes.length);
+
+            socket.send(packet);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isInMulticastGroup(String interfaceName, Inet6Address address) {
+        final String cmd = "ip -6 maddr show dev " + interfaceName;
+        final String output = runShellCommandOrThrow(cmd);
+        final String addressStr = address.getHostAddress();
+        for (final String line : output.split("\\n")) {
+            if (line.contains(addressStr)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static List<LinkAddress> getIpv6LinkAddresses(String interfaceName) {
+        List<LinkAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        final String cmd = " ip -6 addr show dev " + interfaceName;
+        final String output = runShellCommandOrThrow(cmd);
+
+        for (final String line : output.split("\\n")) {
+            if (line.contains("inet6")) {
+                addresses.add(parseAddressLine(line));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    /** Return the first discovered service of {@code serviceType}. */
+    public static NsdServiceInfo discoverService(NsdManager nsdManager, String serviceType)
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> serviceInfoFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener =
+                new DefaultDiscoveryListener() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                        serviceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo);
+                    }
+                };
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, listener);
+        try {
+            serviceInfoFuture.get(SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT.toMillis(), MILLISECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+        }
+
+        return serviceInfoFuture.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link NsdServiceInfo} when a service instance of {@code serviceType} gets lost.
+     */
+    public static NsdManager.DiscoveryListener discoverForServiceLost(
+            NsdManager nsdManager,
+            String serviceType,
+            CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> serviceInfoFuture) {
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener =
+                new DefaultDiscoveryListener() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                        serviceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo);
+                    }
+                };
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, listener);
+        return listener;
+    }
+
+    /** Resolves the service. */
+    public static NsdServiceInfo resolveService(NsdManager nsdManager, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo)
+            throws Exception {
+        return resolveServiceUntil(nsdManager, serviceInfo, s -> true);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the first resolved service that satisfies the {@code predicate}. */
+    public static NsdServiceInfo resolveServiceUntil(
+            NsdManager nsdManager, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, Predicate<NsdServiceInfo> predicate)
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> resolvedServiceInfoFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback callback =
+                new DefaultServiceInfoCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onServiceUpdated(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                        if (predicate.test(serviceInfo)) {
+                            resolvedServiceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+        nsdManager.registerServiceInfoCallback(serviceInfo, directExecutor(), callback);
+        try {
+            return resolvedServiceInfoFuture.get(
+                    SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT.toMillis(), MILLISECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            nsdManager.unregisterServiceInfoCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String getPrefixesFromNetData(String netData) {
+        int startIdx = netData.indexOf("Prefixes:");
+        int endIdx = netData.indexOf("Routes:");
+        return netData.substring(startIdx, endIdx);
+    }
+
+    public static Network getThreadNetwork(Duration timeout) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        ConnectivityManager cm =
+                ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
+                        .getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        NetworkRequest.Builder networkRequestBuilder =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD);
+        // Before V, we need to explicitly set `NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK` capability to request
+        // a Thread network.
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
+            networkRequestBuilder.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+        }
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = networkRequestBuilder.build();
+        ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback networkCallback =
+                new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                        networkFuture.complete(network);
+                    }
+                };
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+        return networkFuture.get(timeout.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private static class DefaultDiscoveryListener implements NsdManager.DiscoveryListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStarted(String serviceType) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStopped(String serviceType) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {}
+    }
+
+    private static class DefaultServiceInfoCallback implements NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceInfoCallbackRegistrationFailed(int errorCode) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceUpdated(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost() {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceInfoCallbackUnregistered() {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a line of output from "ip -6 addr show" into a {@link LinkAddress}.
+     *
+     * <p>Example line: "inet6 2001:db8:1:1::1/64 scope global deprecated"
+     */
+    private static LinkAddress parseAddressLine(String line) {
+        String[] parts = line.trim().split("\\s+");
+        String addressString = parts[1];
+        String[] pieces = addressString.split("/", 2);
+        int prefixLength = Integer.parseInt(pieces[1]);
+        final InetAddress address = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(pieces[0]);
+        long deprecationTimeMillis =
+                line.contains("deprecated")
+                        ? SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+                        : LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT;
+
+        return new LinkAddress(
+                address,
+                prefixLength,
+                0 /* flags */,
+                0 /* scope */,
+                deprecationTimeMillis,
+                LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT /* expirationTime */);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/OtDaemonController.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/OtDaemonController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3175fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/OtDaemonController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper of the "/system/bin/ot-ctl" which can be used to send CLI commands to ot-daemon to
+ * control its behavior.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that this class takes root privileged to run.
+ */
+public final class OtDaemonController {
+    private static final String OT_CTL = "/system/bin/ot-ctl";
+
+    /**
+     * Factory resets ot-daemon.
+     *
+     * <p>This will erase all persistent data written into apexdata/com.android.apex/ot-daemon and
+     * restart the ot-daemon service.
+     */
+    public void factoryReset() {
+        executeCommand("factoryreset");
+
+        // TODO(b/323164524): ot-ctl is a separate process so that the tests can't depend on the
+        // time sequence. Here needs to wait for system server to receive the ot-daemon death
+        // signal and take actions.
+        // A proper fix is to replace "ot-ctl" with "cmd thread_network ot-ctl" which is
+        // synchronized with the system server
+        SystemClock.sleep(500);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the list of IPv6 addresses on ot-daemon. */
+    public List<Inet6Address> getAddresses() {
+        return executeCommandAndParse("ipaddr").stream()
+                .map(addr -> InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addr))
+                .map(inetAddr -> (Inet6Address) inetAddr)
+                .toList();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if the Thread interface is up. */
+    public boolean isInterfaceUp() {
+        String output = executeCommand("ifconfig");
+        return output.contains("up");
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the ML-EID of the device. */
+    public Inet6Address getMlEid() {
+        String addressStr = executeCommandAndParse("ipaddr mleid").get(0);
+        return (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addressStr);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the country code on ot-daemon. */
+    public String getCountryCode() {
+        return executeCommandAndParse("region").get(0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the list of IPv6 Mesh-Local addresses on ot-daemon.
+     *
+     * <p>The return List can be empty if no Mesh-Local prefix exists.
+     */
+    public List<Inet6Address> getMeshLocalAddresses() {
+        IpPrefix meshLocalPrefix = getMeshLocalPrefix();
+        if (meshLocalPrefix == null) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+        return getAddresses().stream().filter(addr -> meshLocalPrefix.contains(addr)).toList();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Mesh-Local prefix or {@code null} if none exists (e.g. the Active Dataset is not
+     * set).
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public IpPrefix getMeshLocalPrefix() {
+        List<IpPrefix> prefixes =
+                executeCommandAndParse("prefix meshlocal").stream()
+                        .map(prefix -> new IpPrefix(prefix))
+                        .toList();
+        return prefixes.isEmpty() ? null : prefixes.get(0);
+    }
+
+    public String executeCommand(String cmd) {
+        return SystemUtil.runShellCommand(OT_CTL + " " + cmd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a ot-ctl command and parse the output to a list of strings.
+     *
+     * <p>The trailing "Done" in the command output will be dropped.
+     */
+    public List<String> executeCommandAndParse(String cmd) {
+        return Arrays.asList(executeCommand(cmd).split("\n")).stream()
+                .map(String::trim)
+                .filter(str -> !str.equals("Done"))
+                .toList();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e84233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager.PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.CALLBACK_TIMEOUT;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors.directExecutor;
+
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+/** A helper class which provides synchronous API wrappers for {@link ThreadNetworkController}. */
+public final class ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper {
+    public static final Duration JOIN_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(10);
+    public static final Duration LEAVE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+    private static final Duration CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
+    private static final Duration SET_ENABLED_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+
+    private final ThreadNetworkController mController;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new {@link ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper} instance or {@code null} if Thread
+     * feature is not supported on this device.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper newInstance(Context context) {
+        final ThreadNetworkManager manager = context.getSystemService(ThreadNetworkManager.class);
+        if (manager == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper(manager.getAllThreadNetworkControllers().get(0));
+    }
+
+    private ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper(ThreadNetworkController controller) {
+        mController = controller;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Thread enabled state.
+     *
+     * <p>The value can be one of {@code ThreadNetworkController#STATE_*}.
+     */
+    public final int getEnabledState()
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback =
+                new StateCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onThreadEnableStateChanged(int enabledState) {
+                        future.complete(enabledState);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onDeviceRoleChanged(int deviceRole) {}
+                };
+
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                () -> mController.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), callback));
+        try {
+            return future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Thread device role.
+     *
+     * <p>The value can be one of {@code ThreadNetworkController#DEVICE_ROLE_*}.
+     */
+    public final int getDeviceRole()
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        StateCallback callback = future::complete;
+
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                () -> mController.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), callback));
+        try {
+            return future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** An synchronous variant of {@link ThreadNetworkController#setEnabled}. */
+    public void setEnabledAndWait(boolean enabled)
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        runAsShell(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () ->
+                        mController.setEnabled(
+                                enabled, directExecutor(), newOutcomeReceiver(future)));
+        future.get(SET_ENABLED_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    /** Joins the given network and wait for this device to become attached. */
+    public void joinAndWait(ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset)
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        runAsShell(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () ->
+                        mController.join(
+                                activeDataset, directExecutor(), newOutcomeReceiver(future)));
+        future.get(JOIN_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    /** An synchronous variant of {@link ThreadNetworkController#leave}. */
+    public void leaveAndWait() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        runAsShell(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.leave(directExecutor(), future::complete));
+        future.get(LEAVE_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    /** Waits for the device role to become {@code deviceRole}. */
+    public int waitForRole(int deviceRole, Duration timeout)
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        return waitForRoleAnyOf(List.of(deviceRole), timeout);
+    }
+
+    /** Waits for the device role to become one of the values specified in {@code deviceRoles}. */
+    public int waitForRoleAnyOf(List<Integer> deviceRoles, Duration timeout)
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback callback =
+                newRole -> {
+                    if (deviceRoles.contains(newRole)) {
+                        future.complete(newRole);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                () -> mController.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), callback));
+
+        try {
+            return future.get(timeout.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+        } finally {
+            mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** An synchronous variant of {@link ThreadNetworkController#setTestNetworkAsUpstream}. */
+    public void setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(@Nullable String networkInterfaceName)
+            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        runAsShell(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                () -> {
+                    mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
+                            networkInterfaceName, directExecutor(), future::complete);
+                });
+        future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private static <V> OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException> newOutcomeReceiver(
+            CompletableFuture<V> future) {
+        return new OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onResult(V result) {
+                future.complete(result);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                future.completeExceptionally(e);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/multidevices/Android.bp b/thread/tests/multidevices/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..050caa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/multidevices/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+python_test_host {
+    name: "ThreadNetworkMultiDeviceTests",
+    main: "thread_network_multi_device_test.py",
+    srcs: ["thread_network_multi_device_test.py"],
+    test_config: "AndroidTest.xml",
+    libs: [
+        "mobly",
+    ],
+    test_options: {
+        unit_test: false,
+        tags: ["mobly"],
+    },
+    test_suites: [
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    version: {
+        py3: {
+            embedded_launcher: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/multidevices/AndroidTest.xml b/thread/tests/multidevices/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b2bed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/multidevices/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+    Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<configuration description="Config for Thread Multi-device test cases">
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="threadnetwork" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
+
+    <object class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.DeviceFeatureModuleController"
+        type="module_controller">
+        <option name="required-feature" value="android.hardware.thread_network" />
+    </object>
+    <object type="module_controller" class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
+        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
+    </object>
+    <!--
+        Only run tests if the device under test is SDK version 34 (Android 14) or above.
+    -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+        class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk34ModuleController" />
+
+    <device name="device1">
+        <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+    </device>
+    <device name="device2">
+        <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+    </device>
+
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.mobly.MoblyBinaryHostTest">
+      <!-- The mobly-par-file-name should match the module name -->
+      <option name="mobly-par-file-name" value="ThreadNetworkMultiDeviceTests" />
+      <!-- Timeout limit in milliseconds for all test cases of the python binary -->
+      <option name="mobly-test-timeout" value="180000" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/thread/tests/multidevices/thread_network_multi_device_test.py b/thread/tests/multidevices/thread_network_multi_device_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..652576b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/multidevices/thread_network_multi_device_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+# Lint as: python3
+
+import logging
+import time
+
+from mobly import asserts
+from mobly import base_test
+from mobly import test_runner
+from mobly.controllers import android_device
+
+class ThreadNetworkMultiDeviceTest(base_test.BaseTestClass):
+    def setup_class(self):
+        self.node_a, self.node_b = self.register_controller(
+            android_device, min_number=2)
+        self.node_a.adb.shell([
+            'ot-ctl', 'factoryreset',
+        ])
+        self.node_b.adb.shell([
+            'ot-ctl', 'factoryreset',
+        ])
+        time.sleep(1)
+
+    def ot_ctl(self, node, cmd, expect_done=True):
+        args = cmd.split(' ')
+        args = ['ot-ctl'] + args
+        stdout = node.adb.shell(args).decode('utf-8')
+        if expect_done:
+            asserts.assert_in('Done', stdout)
+        return stdout
+
+    def test_b_should_be_able_to_discover_a(self):
+        self.ot_ctl(self.node_a, 'dataset init new')
+        self.ot_ctl(self.node_a, 'dataset commit active')
+        self.ot_ctl(self.node_a, 'ifconfig up')
+        self.ot_ctl(self.node_a, 'thread start')
+        self.ot_ctl(self.node_a, 'state leader')
+        stdout = self.ot_ctl(self.node_a, 'extaddr')
+        extaddr = stdout.splitlines()[0]
+        logging.info('node a extaddr: %s', extaddr)
+        asserts.assert_equal(len(extaddr), 16)
+
+        stdout = self.ot_ctl(self.node_b, 'scan')
+        asserts.assert_in(extaddr, stdout)
+        logging.info('discovered node a')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # Take test args
+    if '--' in sys.argv:
+        index = sys.argv.index('--')
+        sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + sys.argv[index + 1:]
+
+    test_runner.main()
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp b/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 3a087c7..9404d1b 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
@@ -29,21 +30,40 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "androidx.test.ext.junit",
-        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
-        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "frameworks-base-testutils",
         "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
+        "framework-location.stubs.module_lib",
+        "guava",
         "guava-android-testlib",
+        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
         "net-tests-utils",
+        "ot-daemon-aidl-java",
+        "ot-daemon-testing",
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "service-thread-pre-jarjar",
         "truth",
+        "service-thread-pre-jarjar",
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.test.base",
         "android.test.runner",
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+        "framework-wifi",
     ],
+    jni_libs: [
+        "libservice-thread-jni",
+
+        // these are needed for Extended Mockito
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+    ],
+    jni_uses_platform_apis: true,
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
     // Test coverage system runs on different devices. Need to
     // compile for all architectures.
     compile_multilib: "both",
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml b/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
index ace7c52..8442e80 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     package="android.net.thread.unittests">
 
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
+
     <application android:debuggable="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
     </application>
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/AndroidTest.xml b/thread/tests/unit/AndroidTest.xml
index 663ff74..d16e423 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -19,6 +19,18 @@
     <option name="test-tag" value="ThreadNetworkUnitTests" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
 
+    <!--
+        Only run tests if the device under test is SDK version 34 (Android 14) or above.
+    -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk34ModuleController" />
+
+    <!-- Run tests in MTS only if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
+        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
+    </object>
+
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="test-file-name" value="ThreadNetworkUnitTests.apk" />
         <option name="check-min-sdk" value="true" />
@@ -27,7 +39,11 @@
 
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
         <option name="package" value="android.net.thread.unittests" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
         <!-- Ignores tests introduced by guava-android-testlib -->
         <option name="exclude-annotation" value="org.junit.Ignore"/>
+        <!-- Ignores tests introduced by frameworks-base-testutils -->
+        <option name="exclude-filter" value="android.os.test.TestLooperTest"/>
+        <option name="exclude-filter" value="com.android.test.filters.SelectTestTests"/>
     </test>
 </configuration>
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java
index 78eb3d0..e92dcb9 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ActiveOperationalDatasetTest.java
@@ -20,14 +20,7 @@
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
-import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder;
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
@@ -40,12 +33,8 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-import java.security.SecureRandom;
-import java.util.Random;
-
 /** Unit tests for {@link ActiveOperationalDataset}. */
 @SmallTest
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@@ -61,7 +50,7 @@
     // PAN ID: 0xD9A0
     // PSKc: A245479C836D551B9CA557F7B9D351B4
     // Security Policy: 672 onrcb
-    private static final byte[] VALID_DATASET =
+    private static final byte[] VALID_DATASET_TLVS =
             base16().decode(
                             "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
                                     + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
@@ -69,9 +58,6 @@
                                     + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
                                     + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
 
-    @Mock private Random mockRandom;
-    @Mock private SecureRandom mockSecureRandom;
-
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
@@ -83,7 +69,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void fromThreadTlvs_containsUnknownTlvs_unknownTlvsRetained() {
-        byte[] datasetWithUnknownTlvs = addTlv(VALID_DATASET, "AA01FFBB020102");
+        byte[] datasetWithUnknownTlvs = addTlv(VALID_DATASET_TLVS, "AA01FFBB020102");
 
         ActiveOperationalDataset dataset1 =
                 ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(datasetWithUnknownTlvs);
@@ -98,66 +84,8 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void createRandomDataset_fieldsAreRandomized() {
-        // Always return the max bounded value
-        doAnswer(invocation -> (int) invocation.getArgument(0) - 1)
-                .when(mockRandom)
-                .nextInt(anyInt());
-        doAnswer(
-                        invocation -> {
-                            byte[] output = invocation.getArgument(0);
-                            for (int i = 0; i < output.length; ++i) {
-                                output[i] = (byte) (i + 10);
-                            }
-                            return null;
-                        })
-                .when(mockRandom)
-                .nextBytes(any(byte[].class));
-        doAnswer(
-                        invocation -> {
-                            byte[] output = invocation.getArgument(0);
-                            for (int i = 0; i < output.length; ++i) {
-                                output[i] = (byte) (i + 30);
-                            }
-                            return null;
-                        })
-                .when(mockSecureRandom)
-                .nextBytes(any(byte[].class));
-
-        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset =
-                ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset(mockRandom, mockSecureRandom);
-
-        assertThat(dataset.getActiveTimestamp())
-                .isEqualTo(new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(1, 0, false));
-        assertThat(dataset.getExtendedPanId())
-                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17});
-        assertThat(dataset.getMeshLocalPrefix())
-                .isEqualTo(new IpPrefix("fd0b:0c0d:0e0f:1011::/64"));
-        verify(mockRandom, times(2)).nextBytes(any(byte[].class));
-        assertThat(dataset.getPanId()).isEqualTo(0xfffe); // PAN ID <= 0xfffe
-        verify(mockRandom, times(1)).nextInt(eq(0xffff));
-        assertThat(dataset.getChannel()).isEqualTo(26);
-        verify(mockRandom, times(1)).nextInt(eq(16));
-        assertThat(dataset.getChannelPage()).isEqualTo(0);
-        assertThat(dataset.getChannelMask().size()).isEqualTo(1);
-        assertThat(dataset.getPskc())
-                .isEqualTo(
-                        new byte[] {
-                            30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
-                        });
-        assertThat(dataset.getNetworkKey())
-                .isEqualTo(
-                        new byte[] {
-                            30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
-                        });
-        verify(mockSecureRandom, times(2)).nextBytes(any(byte[].class));
-        assertThat(dataset.getSecurityPolicy())
-                .isEqualTo(new SecurityPolicy(672, new byte[] {(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xf8}));
-    }
-
-    @Test
     public void builder_buildWithTooLongTlvs_throwsIllegalState() {
-        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.createRandomDataset());
+        Builder builder = new Builder(ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(VALID_DATASET_TLVS));
         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
             builder.addUnknownTlv(i, new byte[20]);
         }
@@ -167,7 +95,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void builder_setUnknownTlvs_success() {
-        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset1 = ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(VALID_DATASET);
+        ActiveOperationalDataset dataset1 =
+                ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(VALID_DATASET_TLVS);
         SparseArray<byte[]> unknownTlvs = new SparseArray<>(2);
         unknownTlvs.put(0x33, new byte[] {1, 2, 3});
         unknownTlvs.put(0x44, new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4});
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac74372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNAVAILABLE;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.OperationalDatasetCallback;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link ThreadNetworkController}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public final class ThreadNetworkControllerTest {
+
+    @Mock private IThreadNetworkController mMockService;
+    private ThreadNetworkController mController;
+
+    // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset new":
+    // Active Timestamp: 1
+    // Channel: 19
+    // Channel Mask: 0x07FFF800
+    // Ext PAN ID: ACC214689BC40BDF
+    // Mesh Local Prefix: fd64:db12:25f4:7e0b::/64
+    // Network Key: F26B3153760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF
+    // Network Name: OpenThread-d9a0
+    // PAN ID: 0xD9A0
+    // PSKc: A245479C836D551B9CA557F7B9D351B4
+    // Security Policy: 672 onrcb
+    private static final byte[] DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS =
+            base16().decode(
+                            "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
+                                    + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
+                                    + "53760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF030F4F70656E5468726561"
+                                    + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
+                                    + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
+
+    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_DATASET =
+            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS);
+
+    private static final SparseIntArray DEFAULT_CHANNEL_POWERS =
+            new SparseIntArray() {
+                {
+                    put(20, 32767);
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mController = new ThreadNetworkController(mMockService);
+    }
+
+    private static void setBinderUid(int uid) {
+        // TODO: generally, it's not a good practice to depend on the implementation detail to set
+        // a custom UID, but Connectivity, Wifi, UWB and etc modules are using this trick. Maybe
+        // define a interface (e.b. CallerIdentityInjector) for easier mocking.
+        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity((((long) uid) << 32) | Binder.getCallingPid());
+    }
+
+    private static IStateCallback getStateCallback(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IStateCallback) invocation.getArguments()[0];
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationReceiver getOperationReceiver(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IOperationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[0];
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationReceiver getJoinReceiver(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IOperationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[1];
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationReceiver getScheduleMigrationReceiver(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IOperationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[1];
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationReceiver getSetTestNetworkAsUpstreamReceiver(
+            InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IOperationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[1];
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationReceiver getSetChannelMaxPowersReceiver(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IOperationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[1];
+    }
+
+    private static IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver getCreateDatasetReceiver(
+            InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[1];
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationalDatasetCallback getOperationalDatasetCallback(
+            InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IOperationalDatasetCallback) invocation.getArguments()[0];
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerStateCallback_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getStateCallback(invoke).onDeviceRoleChanged(DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD);
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .registerStateCallback(any(IStateCallback.class));
+        AtomicInteger callbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        StateCallback callback = state -> callbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+
+        try {
+            mController.registerStateCallback(Runnable::run, callback);
+
+            assertThat(callbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+            assertThat(callbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        } finally {
+            mController.unregisterStateCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerOperationalDatasetCallback_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity()
+            throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getOperationalDatasetCallback(invoke)
+                                    .onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(null);
+                            getOperationalDatasetCallback(invoke)
+                                    .onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(null);
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .registerOperationalDatasetCallback(any(IOperationalDatasetCallback.class));
+        AtomicInteger activeCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger pendingCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        OperationalDatasetCallback callback =
+                new OperationalDatasetCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                            ActiveOperationalDataset dataset) {
+                        activeCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onPendingOperationalDatasetChanged(
+                            PendingOperationalDataset dataset) {
+                        pendingCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+                };
+
+        try {
+            mController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(Runnable::run, callback);
+
+            assertThat(activeCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+            assertThat(activeCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+            assertThat(pendingCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+            assertThat(pendingCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        } finally {
+            mController.unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        AtomicInteger successCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger errorCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getCreateDatasetReceiver(invoke).onSuccess(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .createRandomizedDataset(anyString(), any(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class));
+        mController.createRandomizedDataset(
+                "TestNet",
+                Runnable::run,
+                dataset -> successCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getCreateDatasetReceiver(invoke).onError(ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL, "");
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .createRandomizedDataset(anyString(), any(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class));
+        mController.createRandomizedDataset(
+                "TestNet",
+                Runnable::run,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(ActiveOperationalDataset dataset) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                        errorCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+                });
+
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        AtomicInteger successCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger errorCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getJoinReceiver(invoke).onSuccess();
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .join(any(ActiveOperationalDataset.class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.join(
+                DEFAULT_DATASET,
+                Runnable::run,
+                v -> successCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getJoinReceiver(invoke).onError(ERROR_UNAVAILABLE, "");
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .join(any(ActiveOperationalDataset.class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.join(
+                DEFAULT_DATASET,
+                Runnable::run,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void unused) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                        errorCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+                });
+
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scheduleMigration_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        final PendingOperationalDataset pendingDataset =
+                new PendingOperationalDataset(
+                        DEFAULT_DATASET,
+                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(100, 0, false),
+                        Duration.ZERO);
+        AtomicInteger successCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger errorCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getScheduleMigrationReceiver(invoke).onSuccess();
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .scheduleMigration(
+                        any(PendingOperationalDataset.class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset, Runnable::run, v -> successCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getScheduleMigrationReceiver(invoke).onError(ERROR_UNAVAILABLE, "");
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .scheduleMigration(
+                        any(PendingOperationalDataset.class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.scheduleMigration(
+                pendingDataset,
+                Runnable::run,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void unused) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                        errorCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+                });
+
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void leave_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        AtomicInteger successCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger errorCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getOperationReceiver(invoke).onSuccess();
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .leave(any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.leave(Runnable::run, v -> successCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getOperationReceiver(invoke).onError(ERROR_UNAVAILABLE, "");
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .leave(any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.leave(
+                Runnable::run,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void unused) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                        errorCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+                });
+
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setChannelMaxPowers_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        AtomicInteger successCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger errorCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getSetChannelMaxPowersReceiver(invoke).onSuccess();
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .setChannelMaxPowers(any(ChannelMaxPower[].class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.setChannelMaxPowers(
+                DEFAULT_CHANNEL_POWERS,
+                Runnable::run,
+                v -> successCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getSetChannelMaxPowersReceiver(invoke)
+                                    .onError(ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, "");
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .setChannelMaxPowers(any(ChannelMaxPower[].class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.setChannelMaxPowers(
+                DEFAULT_CHANNEL_POWERS,
+                Runnable::run,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void unused) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                        errorCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+                });
+
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setTestNetworkAsUpstream_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity()
+            throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        AtomicInteger callbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getSetTestNetworkAsUpstreamReceiver(invoke).onSuccess();
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .setTestNetworkAsUpstream(anyString(), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
+                null, Runnable::run, v -> callbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+        mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
+                new String("test0"), Runnable::run, v -> callbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+
+        assertThat(callbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(callbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkExceptionTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkExceptionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5908c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkExceptionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link ThreadNetworkException} to cover what is not covered in CTS tests. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public final class ThreadNetworkExceptionTest {
+    @Test
+    public void constructor_tooLargeErrorCode_throwsIllegalArgumentException() throws Exception {
+        // TODO (b/323791003): move this test case to cts/ThreadNetworkExceptionTest when mainline
+        // CTS is ready.
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new ThreadNetworkException(14, "14"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/BinderUtil.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/BinderUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3614bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/BinderUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import android.os.Binder;
+
+/** Utilities for faking the calling uid in Binder. */
+public class BinderUtil {
+    /**
+     * Fake the calling uid in Binder.
+     *
+     * @param uid the calling uid that Binder should return from now on
+     */
+    public static void setUid(int uid) {
+        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity((((long) uid) << 32) | Binder.getCallingPid());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8886c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.DnsTxtAttribute;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdDiscoverServiceCallback;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdResolveServiceCallback;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdStatusReceiver;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatcher;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link NsdPublisher}. */
+public final class NsdPublisherTest {
+    @Mock private NsdManager mMockNsdManager;
+
+    @Mock private INsdStatusReceiver mRegistrationReceiver;
+    @Mock private INsdStatusReceiver mUnregistrationReceiver;
+    @Mock private INsdDiscoverServiceCallback mDiscoverServiceCallback;
+    @Mock private INsdResolveServiceCallback mResolveServiceCallback;
+
+    private TestLooper mTestLooper;
+    private NsdPublisher mNsdPublisher;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerService_nsdManagerSucceeds_serviceRegistrationSucceeds() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerService(
+                null,
+                "MyService",
+                "_test._tcp",
+                List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
+                12345,
+                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceName()).isEqualTo("MyService");
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceType()).isEqualTo("_test._tcp");
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getSubtypes()).isEqualTo(Set.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"));
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().size()).isEqualTo(2);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key1"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key2"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x03});
+
+        verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerService_nsdManagerFails_serviceRegistrationFails() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerService(
+                null,
+                "MyService",
+                "_test._tcp",
+                List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
+                12345,
+                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onRegistrationFailed(actualServiceInfo, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceName()).isEqualTo("MyService");
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceType()).isEqualTo("_test._tcp");
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getSubtypes()).isEqualTo(Set.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"));
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().size()).isEqualTo(2);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key1"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key2"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x03});
+
+        verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onError(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerService_nsdManagerThrows_serviceRegistrationFails() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
+
+        doThrow(new IllegalArgumentException("NsdManager fails"))
+                .when(mMockNsdManager)
+                .registerService(any(), anyInt(), any(Executor.class), any());
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerService(
+                null,
+                "MyService",
+                "_test._tcp",
+                List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
+                12345,
+                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onError(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterService_nsdManagerSucceeds_serviceUnregistrationSucceeds()
+            throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerService(
+                null,
+                "MyService",
+                "_test._tcp",
+                List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
+                12345,
+                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mNsdPublisher.unregister(mUnregistrationReceiver, 16 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).unregisterService(actualRegistrationListener);
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceUnregistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mUnregistrationReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterService_nsdManagerFails_serviceUnregistrationFails() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerService(
+                null,
+                "MyService",
+                "_test._tcp",
+                List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
+                12345,
+                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mNsdPublisher.unregister(mUnregistrationReceiver, 16 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).unregisterService(actualRegistrationListener);
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onUnregistrationFailed(
+                actualServiceInfo, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mUnregistrationReceiver, times(1)).onError(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerHost_nsdManagerSucceeds_serviceRegistrationSucceeds() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerHost(
+                "MyHost",
+                List.of("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceName()).isNull();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceType()).isNull();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getSubtypes()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getPort()).isEqualTo(0);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getHostname()).isEqualTo("MyHost");
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getHostAddresses())
+                .isEqualTo(makeAddresses("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"));
+
+        verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerHost_nsdManagerFails_serviceRegistrationFails() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerHost(
+                "MyHost",
+                List.of("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onRegistrationFailed(actualServiceInfo, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceName()).isNull();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getServiceType()).isNull();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getSubtypes()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getPort()).isEqualTo(0);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getHostname()).isEqualTo("MyHost");
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getHostAddresses())
+                .isEqualTo(makeAddresses("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"));
+
+        verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onError(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerHost_nsdManagerThrows_serviceRegistrationFails() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        doThrow(new IllegalArgumentException("NsdManager fails"))
+                .when(mMockNsdManager)
+                .registerService(any(), anyInt(), any(Executor.class), any());
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerHost(
+                "MyHost",
+                List.of("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onError(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterHost_nsdManagerSucceeds_serviceUnregistrationSucceeds() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerHost(
+                "MyHost",
+                List.of("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mNsdPublisher.unregister(mUnregistrationReceiver, 16 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).unregisterService(actualRegistrationListener);
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceUnregistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mUnregistrationReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unregisterHost_nsdManagerFails_serviceUnregistrationFails() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerHost(
+                "MyHost",
+                List.of("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo actualServiceInfo = actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualRegistrationListener =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfo);
+        mNsdPublisher.unregister(mUnregistrationReceiver, 16 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).unregisterService(actualRegistrationListener);
+
+        actualRegistrationListener.onUnregistrationFailed(
+                actualServiceInfo, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mUnregistrationReceiver, times(1)).onError(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void discoverService_serviceDiscovered() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.discoverService("_test._tcp", mDiscoverServiceCallback, 10 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.DiscoveryListener> discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .discoverServices(
+                        eq(new DiscoveryRequest.Builder(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, "_test._tcp").build()),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor.capture());
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener actualDiscoveryListener =
+                discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        serviceInfo.setServiceName("test");
+        serviceInfo.setServiceType(null);
+        actualDiscoveryListener.onServiceFound(serviceInfo);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mDiscoverServiceCallback, times(1))
+                .onServiceDiscovered("test", "_test._tcp", true /* isFound */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void discoverService_serviceLost() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.discoverService("_test._tcp", mDiscoverServiceCallback, 10 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.DiscoveryListener> discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .discoverServices(
+                        eq(new DiscoveryRequest.Builder(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, "_test._tcp").build()),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor.capture());
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener actualDiscoveryListener =
+                discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        serviceInfo.setServiceName("test");
+        serviceInfo.setServiceType(null);
+        actualDiscoveryListener.onServiceLost(serviceInfo);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mDiscoverServiceCallback, times(1))
+                .onServiceDiscovered("test", "_test._tcp", false /* isFound */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void stopServiceDiscovery() {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.discoverService("_test._tcp", mDiscoverServiceCallback, 10 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.DiscoveryListener> discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .discoverServices(
+                        eq(new DiscoveryRequest.Builder(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, "_test._tcp").build()),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor.capture());
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener actualDiscoveryListener =
+                discoveryListenerArgumentCaptor.getValue();
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        serviceInfo.setServiceName("test");
+        serviceInfo.setServiceType(null);
+        actualDiscoveryListener.onServiceFound(serviceInfo);
+        mNsdPublisher.stopServiceDiscovery(10 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).stopServiceDiscovery(actualDiscoveryListener);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void resolveService_serviceResolved() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.resolveService(
+                "test", "_test._tcp", mResolveServiceCallback, 10 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> serviceInfoArgumentCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback> serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback.class);
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerServiceInfoCallback(
+                        serviceInfoArgumentCaptor.capture(),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor.capture());
+        assertThat(serviceInfoArgumentCaptor.getValue().getServiceName()).isEqualTo("test");
+        assertThat(serviceInfoArgumentCaptor.getValue().getServiceType()).isEqualTo("_test._tcp");
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        serviceInfo.setServiceName("test");
+        serviceInfo.setServiceType("_test._tcp");
+        serviceInfo.setPort(12345);
+        serviceInfo.setHostname("test-host");
+        serviceInfo.setHostAddresses(
+                List.of(
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::1"),
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::2")));
+        serviceInfo.setAttribute("key1", new byte[] {(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+        serviceInfo.setAttribute("key2", new byte[] {(byte) 0x03});
+        serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor.getValue().onServiceUpdated(serviceInfo);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mResolveServiceCallback, times(1))
+                .onServiceResolved(
+                        eq("test-host"),
+                        eq("test"),
+                        eq("_test._tcp"),
+                        eq(12345),
+                        eq(List.of("2001::1", "2001::2")),
+                        argThat(
+                                new TxtMatcher(
+                                        List.of(
+                                                makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02)),
+                                                makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03))))),
+                        anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void stopServiceResolution() throws Exception {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        mNsdPublisher.resolveService(
+                "test", "_test._tcp", mResolveServiceCallback, 10 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> serviceInfoArgumentCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback> serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback.class);
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerServiceInfoCallback(
+                        serviceInfoArgumentCaptor.capture(),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor.capture());
+        assertThat(serviceInfoArgumentCaptor.getValue().getServiceName()).isEqualTo("test");
+        assertThat(serviceInfoArgumentCaptor.getValue().getServiceType()).isEqualTo("_test._tcp");
+        NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        serviceInfo.setServiceName("test");
+        serviceInfo.setServiceType("_test._tcp");
+        serviceInfo.setPort(12345);
+        serviceInfo.setHostname("test-host");
+        serviceInfo.setHostAddresses(
+                List.of(
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::1"),
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::2")));
+        serviceInfo.setAttribute("key1", new byte[] {(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+        serviceInfo.setAttribute("key2", new byte[] {(byte) 0x03});
+        serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor.getValue().onServiceUpdated(serviceInfo);
+        mNsdPublisher.stopServiceResolution(10 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .unregisterServiceInfoCallback(serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor.getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void reset_unregisterAll() {
+        prepareTest();
+
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
+        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerService(
+                null,
+                "MyService",
+                "_test._tcp",
+                List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
+                12345,
+                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                16 /* listenerId */);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualListener1 =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getValue();
+        actualListener1.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue());
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerService(
+                null,
+                "MyService2",
+                "_test._udp",
+                Collections.emptyList(),
+                11111,
+                Collections.emptyList(),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                17 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(2))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualListener2 =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getAllValues().get(1);
+        actualListener2.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue());
+
+        mNsdPublisher.registerHost(
+                "Myhost",
+                List.of("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"),
+                mRegistrationReceiver,
+                18 /* listenerId */);
+
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(3))
+                .registerService(
+                        actualServiceInfoCaptor.capture(),
+                        eq(PROTOCOL_DNS_SD),
+                        any(Executor.class),
+                        actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener actualListener3 =
+                actualRegistrationListenerCaptor.getAllValues().get(1);
+        actualListener3.onServiceRegistered(actualServiceInfoCaptor.getValue());
+
+        mNsdPublisher.reset();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).unregisterService(actualListener1);
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).unregisterService(actualListener2);
+        verify(mMockNsdManager, times(1)).unregisterService(actualListener3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void onOtDaemonDied_resetIsCalled() {
+        prepareTest();
+        NsdPublisher spyNsdPublisher = spy(mNsdPublisher);
+
+        spyNsdPublisher.onOtDaemonDied();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(spyNsdPublisher, times(1)).reset();
+    }
+
+    private static DnsTxtAttribute makeTxtAttribute(String name, List<Integer> value) {
+        DnsTxtAttribute txtAttribute = new DnsTxtAttribute();
+
+        txtAttribute.name = name;
+        txtAttribute.value = new byte[value.size()];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+            txtAttribute.value[i] = value.get(i).byteValue();
+        }
+
+        return txtAttribute;
+    }
+
+    private static List<InetAddress> makeAddresses(String... addressStrings) {
+        List<InetAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (String addressString : addressStrings) {
+            addresses.add(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addressString));
+        }
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    private static class TxtMatcher implements ArgumentMatcher<List<DnsTxtAttribute>> {
+        private final List<DnsTxtAttribute> mAttributes;
+
+        TxtMatcher(List<DnsTxtAttribute> attributes) {
+            mAttributes = attributes;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean matches(List<DnsTxtAttribute> argument) {
+            if (argument.size() != mAttributes.size()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < argument.size(); ++i) {
+                if (!Objects.equals(argument.get(i).name, mAttributes.get(i).name)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!Arrays.equals(argument.get(i).value, mAttributes.get(i).value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // @Before and @Test run in different threads. NsdPublisher requires the jobs are run on the
+    // thread looper, so TestLooper needs to be created inside each test case to install the
+    // correct looper.
+    private void prepareTest() {
+        mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
+        Handler handler = new Handler(mTestLooper.getLooper());
+        mNsdPublisher = new NsdPublisher(mMockNsdManager, handler);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f60783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_ENABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager.DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager.PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED;
+
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadNetworkCountryCode.DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE;
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.util.AtomicFile;
+
+import androidx.test.annotation.UiThreadTest;
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.MeshcopTxtAttributes;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.testing.FakeOtDaemon;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.MockitoSession;
+
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link ThreadNetworkControllerService}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+// This test doesn't really need to run on the UI thread, but @Before and @Test annotated methods
+// need to run in the same thread because there are code in {@code ThreadNetworkControllerService}
+// checking that all its methods are running in the thread of the handler it's using. This is due
+// to a bug in TestLooper that it executes all tasks on the current thread rather than the thread
+// associated to the backed Looper object.
+@UiThreadTest
+public final class ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest {
+    // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset new":
+    // Active Timestamp: 1
+    // Channel: 19
+    // Channel Mask: 0x07FFF800
+    // Ext PAN ID: ACC214689BC40BDF
+    // Mesh Local Prefix: fd64:db12:25f4:7e0b::/64
+    // Network Key: F26B3153760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF
+    // Network Name: OpenThread-d9a0
+    // PAN ID: 0xD9A0
+    // PSKc: A245479C836D551B9CA557F7B9D351B4
+    // Security Policy: 672 onrcb
+    private static final byte[] DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS =
+            base16().decode(
+                            "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
+                                    + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
+                                    + "53760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF030F4F70656E5468726561"
+                                    + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
+                                    + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
+    private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET =
+            ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS);
+    private static final String DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME = "thread-wpan0";
+    private static final int OT_ERROR_NONE = 0;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_SUPPORTED_CHANNEL_MASK = 0x07FFF800; // from channel 11 to 26
+
+    // The DEFAULT_PREFERRED_CHANNEL_MASK is the ot-daemon preferred channel mask. Channel 25 and
+    // 26 are not preferred by dataset. The ThreadNetworkControllerService will only select channel
+    // 11 when it creates randomized dataset.
+    private static final int DEFAULT_PREFERRED_CHANNEL_MASK = 0x06000800; // channel 11, 25 and 26
+    private static final int DEFAULT_SELECTED_CHANNEL = 11;
+    private static final byte[] DEFAULT_SUPPORTED_CHANNEL_MASK_ARRAY = base16().decode("001FFFE0");
+
+    private static final String TEST_VENDOR_OUI = "AC-DE-48";
+    private static final byte[] TEST_VENDOR_OUI_BYTES = new byte[] {(byte) 0xAC, (byte) 0xDE, 0x48};
+    private static final String TEST_VENDOR_NAME = "test vendor";
+    private static final String TEST_MODEL_NAME = "test model";
+
+    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mMockConnectivityManager;
+    @Mock private NetworkAgent mMockNetworkAgent;
+    @Mock private TunInterfaceController mMockTunIfController;
+    @Mock private ParcelFileDescriptor mMockTunFd;
+    @Mock private InfraInterfaceController mMockInfraIfController;
+    @Mock private NsdPublisher mMockNsdPublisher;
+    @Mock private UserManager mMockUserManager;
+    @Mock private IBinder mIBinder;
+    @Mock Resources mResources;
+    @Mock ConnectivityResources mConnectivityResources;
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private TestLooper mTestLooper;
+    private FakeOtDaemon mFakeOtDaemon;
+    private ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
+    private ThreadNetworkControllerService mService;
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<ActiveOperationalDataset> mActiveDatasetCaptor;
+
+    @Rule(order = 1)
+    public final TemporaryFolder tempFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mContext = spy(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
+        doNothing()
+                .when(mContext)
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                        eq(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED), anyString());
+
+        mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(mTestLooper.getLooper());
+        NetworkProvider networkProvider =
+                new NetworkProvider(mContext, mTestLooper.getLooper(), "ThreadNetworkProvider");
+
+        mFakeOtDaemon = new FakeOtDaemon(handler);
+        when(mMockTunIfController.getTunFd()).thenReturn(mMockTunFd);
+
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(false);
+
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+
+        when(mConnectivityResources.get()).thenReturn(mResources);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_OUI);
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_model_name)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_MODEL_NAME);
+
+        final AtomicFile storageFile = new AtomicFile(tempFolder.newFile("thread_settings.xml"));
+        mPersistentSettings = new ThreadPersistentSettings(storageFile, mConnectivityResources);
+        mPersistentSettings.initialize();
+
+        mService =
+                new ThreadNetworkControllerService(
+                        mContext,
+                        handler,
+                        networkProvider,
+                        () -> mFakeOtDaemon,
+                        mMockConnectivityManager,
+                        mMockTunIfController,
+                        mMockInfraIfController,
+                        mPersistentSettings,
+                        mMockNsdPublisher,
+                        mMockUserManager,
+                        mConnectivityResources,
+                        () -> DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE);
+        mService.setTestNetworkAgent(mMockNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_tunInterfaceAndNsdPublisherSetToOtDaemon() throws Exception {
+        when(mMockTunIfController.getTunFd()).thenReturn(mMockTunFd);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).createTunInterface();
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getTunFd()).isEqualTo(mMockTunFd);
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getNsdPublisher()).isEqualTo(mMockNsdPublisher);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_vendorAndModelNameInResourcesAreSetToOtDaemon() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_OUI);
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_model_name)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_MODEL_NAME);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        MeshcopTxtAttributes meshcopTxts = mFakeOtDaemon.getOverriddenMeshcopTxtAttributes();
+        assertThat(meshcopTxts.vendorName).isEqualTo(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
+        assertThat(meshcopTxts.vendorOui).isEqualTo(TEST_VENDOR_OUI_BYTES);
+        assertThat(meshcopTxts.modelName).isEqualTo(TEST_MODEL_NAME);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_emptyVendorName_accepted() {
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name))).thenReturn("");
+
+        MeshcopTxtAttributes meshcopTxts =
+                ThreadNetworkControllerService.getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources);
+
+        assertThat(meshcopTxts.vendorName).isEqualTo("");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_tooLongVendorName_throwsIllegalStateException() {
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name)))
+                .thenReturn("vendor name is 25 bytes!!");
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> ThreadNetworkControllerService.getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_tooLongModelName_throwsIllegalStateException() {
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_model_name)))
+                .thenReturn("model name is 25 bytes!!!");
+
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> ThreadNetworkControllerService.getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_emptyModelName_accepted() {
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_model_name))).thenReturn("");
+
+        var meshcopTxts = ThreadNetworkControllerService.getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources);
+        assertThat(meshcopTxts.modelName).isEqualTo("");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_invalidVendorOui_throwsIllegalStateException() {
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalStateException.class, () -> getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("ABCDEFA"));
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalStateException.class, () -> getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("ABCDEG"));
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalStateException.class, () -> getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("ABCD"));
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("AB.CD.EF"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_validVendorOui_accepted() {
+        assertThat(getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("010203")).isEqualTo(new byte[] {1, 2, 3});
+        assertThat(getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("01-02-03"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {1, 2, 3});
+        assertThat(getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("01:02:03"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {1, 2, 3});
+        assertThat(getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("ABCDEF"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF});
+        assertThat(getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui("abcdef"))
+                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF});
+    }
+
+    private byte[] getMeshcopTxtAttributesWithVendorOui(String vendorOui) {
+        when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui))).thenReturn(vendorOui);
+        return ThreadNetworkControllerService.getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources).vendorOui;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_otDaemonRemoteFailure_returnsInternalError() throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        mFakeOtDaemon.setJoinException(new RemoteException("ot-daemon join() throws"));
+
+        mService.join(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET, mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onSuccess();
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onError(eq(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_succeed_threadNetworkRegistered() throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+
+        mService.join(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET, mockReceiver);
+        // Here needs to call Testlooper#dispatchAll twices because TestLooper#moveTimeForward
+        // operates on only currently enqueued messages but the delayed message is posted from
+        // another Handler task.
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(FakeOtDaemon.JOIN_DELAY.toMillis() + 100);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, times(1)).register();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void userRestriction_initWithUserRestricted_otDaemonNotStarted() {
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(true);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.isInitialized()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void userRestriction_initWithUserNotRestricted_threadIsEnabled() {
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(false);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void userRestriction_userBecomesRestricted_stateIsDisabledButNotPersisted() {
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(false);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(true);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_DISABLED);
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.get(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void userRestriction_userBecomesNotRestricted_stateIsEnabled() {
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(true);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(false);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void userRestriction_setEnabledWhenUserRestricted_failedPreconditionError() {
+        when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(true);
+        mService.initialize();
+
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setEnabledFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mService.setEnabled(true, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        var thrown = assertThrows(ExecutionException.class, () -> setEnabledFuture.get());
+        ThreadNetworkException failure = (ThreadNetworkException) thrown.getCause();
+        assertThat(failure.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_initWithAirplaneModeOn_otDaemonNotStarted() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.isInitialized()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_initWithAirplaneModeOff_threadIsEnabled() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_changesFromOffToOn_stateIsDisabled() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_changesFromOnToOff_stateIsEnabled() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_setEnabledWhenAirplaneModeIsOn_WillNotAutoDisableSecondTime() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setEnabledFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mService.initialize();
+
+        mService.setEnabled(true, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_setDisabledWhenAirplaneModeIsOn_WillAutoDisableSecondTime() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setEnabledFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mService.initialize();
+        mService.setEnabled(true, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        mService.setEnabled(false, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_DISABLED);
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    private AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> captureBroadcastReceiver(String action) {
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invocation -> {
+                            receiverRef.set((BroadcastReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[0]);
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mContext)
+                .registerReceiver(
+                        any(BroadcastReceiver.class),
+                        argThat(actualIntentFilter -> actualIntentFilter.hasAction(action)),
+                        any(),
+                        any());
+
+        return receiverRef;
+    }
+
+    private static IOperationReceiver newOperationReceiver(CompletableFuture<Void> future) {
+        return new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                future.complete(null);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+                future.completeExceptionally(new ThreadNetworkException(errorCode, errorMessage));
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void
+            createRandomizedDataset_noNetworkTimeClock_datasetActiveTimestampIsNotAuthoritative()
+                    throws Exception {
+        MockitoSession session =
+                ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession().mockStatic(SystemClock.class).startMocking();
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                ExtendedMockito.mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+
+        try {
+            ExtendedMockito.when(SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock())
+                    .thenThrow(new DateTimeException("fake throw"));
+            mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+            mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } finally {
+            session.finishMocking();
+        }
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onError(anyInt(), anyString());
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess(mActiveDatasetCaptor.capture());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = mActiveDatasetCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getActiveTimestamp().isAuthoritativeSource()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_hasNetworkTimeClock_datasetActiveTimestampIsAuthoritative()
+            throws Exception {
+        MockitoSession session =
+                ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession().mockStatic(SystemClock.class).startMocking();
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                ExtendedMockito.mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+
+        try {
+            ExtendedMockito.when(SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock())
+                    .thenReturn(Clock.systemUTC());
+            mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+            mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } finally {
+            session.finishMocking();
+        }
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onError(anyInt(), anyString());
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess(mActiveDatasetCaptor.capture());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = mActiveDatasetCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getActiveTimestamp().isAuthoritativeSource()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_succeed_activeDatasetCreated() throws Exception {
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+        mFakeOtDaemon.setChannelMasks(
+                DEFAULT_SUPPORTED_CHANNEL_MASK, DEFAULT_PREFERRED_CHANNEL_MASK);
+        mFakeOtDaemon.setChannelMasksReceiverOtError(OT_ERROR_NONE);
+
+        mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onError(anyInt(), anyString());
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess(mActiveDatasetCaptor.capture());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = mActiveDatasetCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getNetworkName()).isEqualTo(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME);
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getChannelMask().size()).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getChannelMask().get(CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ))
+                .isEqualTo(DEFAULT_SUPPORTED_CHANNEL_MASK_ARRAY);
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getChannel()).isEqualTo(DEFAULT_SELECTED_CHANNEL);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_otDaemonRemoteFailure_returnsPreconditionError()
+            throws Exception {
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+        mFakeOtDaemon.setChannelMasksReceiverOtError(OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE);
+        when(mockReceiver.asBinder()).thenReturn(mIBinder);
+
+        mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onSuccess(any(ActiveOperationalDataset.class));
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onError(eq(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemonForTest_noPermission_throwsSecurityException() {
+        doThrow(new SecurityException(""))
+                .when(mContext)
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(eq(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED), any());
+
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mService.forceStopOtDaemonForTest(true, new IOperationReceiver.Default()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemonForTest_enabled_otDaemonDiesAndJoinFails() throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        IOperationReceiver mockJoinReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+
+        mService.forceStopOtDaemonForTest(true, mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mService.join(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET, mockJoinReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.isInitialized()).isFalse();
+        verify(mockJoinReceiver, times(1)).onError(eq(ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemonForTest_disable_otDaemonRestartsAndJoinSccess() throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        IOperationReceiver mockJoinReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+
+        mService.forceStopOtDaemonForTest(true, mock(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mService.forceStopOtDaemonForTest(false, mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mService.join(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET, mockJoinReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(FakeOtDaemon.JOIN_DELAY.toMillis() + 100);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.isInitialized()).isTrue();
+        verify(mockJoinReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void onOtDaemonDied_joinedNetwork_interfaceStateBackToUp() throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        mService.join(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET, mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(FakeOtDaemon.JOIN_DELAY.toMillis() + 100);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        Mockito.reset(mMockInfraIfController);
+        mFakeOtDaemon.terminate();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).onOtDaemonDied();
+        InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(mMockTunIfController);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).setInterfaceUp(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).setInterfaceUp(true);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkCountryCodeTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkCountryCodeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca9741d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkCountryCodeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadNetworkCountryCode.DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE;
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyDouble;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyFloat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.location.Address;
+import android.location.Geocoder;
+import android.location.Location;
+import android.location.LocationListener;
+import android.location.LocationManager;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.ActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionInfo;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link ThreadNetworkCountryCode}. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class ThreadNetworkCountryCodeTest {
+    private static final String TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US = "US";
+    private static final String TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN = "CN";
+    private static final String TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_INVALID = "INVALID";
+    private static final String TEST_WIFI_DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE = "00";
+    private static final int TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_0 = 0;
+    private static final int TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_1 = 1;
+
+    @Mock Context mContext;
+    @Mock LocationManager mLocationManager;
+    @Mock Geocoder mGeocoder;
+    @Mock ThreadNetworkControllerService mThreadNetworkControllerService;
+    @Mock PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    @Mock Location mLocation;
+    @Mock Resources mResources;
+    @Mock ConnectivityResources mConnectivityResources;
+    @Mock WifiManager mWifiManager;
+    @Mock SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
+    @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock List<SubscriptionInfo> mSubscriptionInfoList;
+    @Mock SubscriptionInfo mSubscriptionInfo0;
+    @Mock SubscriptionInfo mSubscriptionInfo1;
+    @Mock ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
+
+    private ThreadNetworkCountryCode mThreadNetworkCountryCode;
+    private boolean mErrorSetCountryCode;
+
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<LocationListener> mLocationListenerCaptor;
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<Geocoder.GeocodeListener> mGeocodeListenerCaptor;
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<IOperationReceiver> mOperationReceiverCaptor;
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<ActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback> mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor;
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        when(mConnectivityResources.get()).thenReturn(mResources);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(anyInt())).thenReturn(true);
+
+        when(mSubscriptionManager.getActiveSubscriptionInfoList())
+                .thenReturn(mSubscriptionInfoList);
+        Iterator<SubscriptionInfo> iteratorMock = mock(Iterator.class);
+        when(mSubscriptionInfoList.size()).thenReturn(2);
+        when(mSubscriptionInfoList.iterator()).thenReturn(iteratorMock);
+        when(iteratorMock.hasNext()).thenReturn(true).thenReturn(true).thenReturn(false);
+        when(iteratorMock.next()).thenReturn(mSubscriptionInfo0).thenReturn(mSubscriptionInfo1);
+        when(mSubscriptionInfo0.getSimSlotIndex()).thenReturn(TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_0);
+        when(mSubscriptionInfo1.getSimSlotIndex()).thenReturn(TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_1);
+
+        when(mLocation.getLatitude()).thenReturn(0.0);
+        when(mLocation.getLongitude()).thenReturn(0.0);
+
+        Answer setCountryCodeCallback =
+                invocation -> {
+                    Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
+                    IOperationReceiver cb = (IOperationReceiver) args[1];
+
+                    if (mErrorSetCountryCode) {
+                        cb.onError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, new String("Invalid country code"));
+                    } else {
+                        cb.onSuccess();
+                    }
+                    return new Object();
+                };
+
+        doAnswer(setCountryCodeCallback)
+                .when(mThreadNetworkControllerService)
+                .setCountryCode(any(), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode = newCountryCodeWithOemSource(null);
+    }
+
+    private ThreadNetworkCountryCode newCountryCodeWithOemSource(@Nullable String oemCountryCode) {
+        return new ThreadNetworkCountryCode(
+                mLocationManager,
+                mThreadNetworkControllerService,
+                mGeocoder,
+                mConnectivityResources,
+                mWifiManager,
+                mContext,
+                mTelephonyManager,
+                mSubscriptionManager,
+                oemCountryCode,
+                mPersistentSettings);
+    }
+
+    private static Address newAddress(String countryCode) {
+        Address address = new Address(Locale.ROOT);
+        address.setCountryCode(countryCode);
+        return address;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void threadNetworkCountryCode_invalidOemCountryCode_illegalArgumentExceptionIsThrown() {
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> newCountryCodeWithOemSource(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_INVALID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_defaultCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_oemCountryCodeAvailable_oemCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode = newCountryCodeWithOemSource(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_locationUseIsDisabled_locationFunctionIsNotCalled() {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_thread_location_use_for_country_code_enabled))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mGeocoder);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mLocationManager);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void locationCountryCode_locationChanged_locationCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        verify(mLocationManager)
+                .requestLocationUpdates(
+                        anyString(), anyLong(), anyFloat(), mLocationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mLocationListenerCaptor.getValue().onLocationChanged(mLocation);
+        verify(mGeocoder)
+                .getFromLocation(
+                        anyDouble(), anyDouble(), anyInt(), mGeocodeListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mGeocodeListenerCaptor.getValue().onGeocode(List.of(newAddress(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US)));
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void wifiCountryCode_bothWifiAndLocationAreAvailable_wifiCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        verify(mLocationManager)
+                .requestLocationUpdates(
+                        anyString(), anyLong(), anyFloat(), mLocationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mLocationListenerCaptor.getValue().onLocationChanged(mLocation);
+        verify(mGeocoder)
+                .getFromLocation(
+                        anyDouble(), anyDouble(), anyInt(), mGeocodeListenerCaptor.capture());
+
+        Address mockAddress = mock(Address.class);
+        when(mockAddress.getCountryCode()).thenReturn(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+        List<Address> addresses = List.of(mockAddress);
+        mGeocodeListenerCaptor.getValue().onGeocode(addresses);
+
+        verify(mWifiManager)
+                .registerActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback(
+                        any(), mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture());
+        mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onActiveCountryCodeChanged(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void wifiCountryCode_wifiCountryCodeIsActive_wifiCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        verify(mWifiManager)
+                .registerActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback(
+                        any(), mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture());
+        mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onActiveCountryCodeChanged(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void wifiCountryCode_wifiDefaultCountryCodeIsActive_wifiCountryCodeIsNotUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        verify(mWifiManager)
+                .registerActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback(
+                        any(), mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture());
+        mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor
+                .getValue()
+                .onActiveCountryCodeChanged(TEST_WIFI_DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode())
+                .isNotEqualTo(TEST_WIFI_DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void wifiCountryCode_wifiCountryCodeIsInactive_defaultCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        verify(mWifiManager)
+                .registerActiveCountryCodeChangedCallback(
+                        any(), mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture());
+        mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onActiveCountryCodeChanged(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+
+        mWifiCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onCountryCodeInactive();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode())
+                .isEqualTo(ThreadNetworkCountryCode.DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void telephonyCountryCode_bothTelephonyAndLocationAvailable_telephonyCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        verify(mLocationManager)
+                .requestLocationUpdates(
+                        anyString(), anyLong(), anyFloat(), mLocationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mLocationListenerCaptor.getValue().onLocationChanged(mLocation);
+        verify(mGeocoder)
+                .getFromLocation(
+                        anyDouble(), anyDouble(), anyInt(), mGeocodeListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mGeocodeListenerCaptor.getValue().onGeocode(List.of(newAddress(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US)));
+
+        verify(mContext)
+                .registerReceiver(
+                        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+                        any(),
+                        eq(Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED));
+        Intent intent =
+                new Intent(TelephonyManager.ACTION_NETWORK_COUNTRY_CHANGED)
+                        .putExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_COUNTRY, TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN)
+                        .putExtra(SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SLOT_INDEX, TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_0);
+        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onReceive(mContext, intent);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void telephonyCountryCode_locationIsAvailable_lastKnownTelephonyCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        verify(mLocationManager)
+                .requestLocationUpdates(
+                        anyString(), anyLong(), anyFloat(), mLocationListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mLocationListenerCaptor.getValue().onLocationChanged(mLocation);
+        verify(mGeocoder)
+                .getFromLocation(
+                        anyDouble(), anyDouble(), anyInt(), mGeocodeListenerCaptor.capture());
+        mGeocodeListenerCaptor.getValue().onGeocode(List.of(newAddress(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US)));
+
+        verify(mContext)
+                .registerReceiver(
+                        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+                        any(),
+                        eq(Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED));
+        Intent intent =
+                new Intent(TelephonyManager.ACTION_NETWORK_COUNTRY_CHANGED)
+                        .putExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_COUNTRY, "")
+                        .putExtra(
+                                TelephonyManager.EXTRA_LAST_KNOWN_NETWORK_COUNTRY,
+                                TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US)
+                        .putExtra(SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SLOT_INDEX, TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_0);
+        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onReceive(mContext, intent);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void telephonyCountryCode_lastKnownCountryCodeAvailable_telephonyCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        verify(mContext)
+                .registerReceiver(
+                        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+                        any(),
+                        eq(Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED));
+        Intent intent0 =
+                new Intent(TelephonyManager.ACTION_NETWORK_COUNTRY_CHANGED)
+                        .putExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_COUNTRY, "")
+                        .putExtra(
+                                TelephonyManager.EXTRA_LAST_KNOWN_NETWORK_COUNTRY,
+                                TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_US)
+                        .putExtra(SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SLOT_INDEX, TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_0);
+        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onReceive(mContext, intent0);
+
+        verify(mContext)
+                .registerReceiver(
+                        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+                        any(),
+                        eq(Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED));
+        Intent intent1 =
+                new Intent(TelephonyManager.ACTION_NETWORK_COUNTRY_CHANGED)
+                        .putExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_COUNTRY, TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN)
+                        .putExtra(SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SLOT_INDEX, TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_1);
+        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onReceive(mContext, intent1);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void telephonyCountryCode_multipleSims_firstSimIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        verify(mContext)
+                .registerReceiver(
+                        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+                        any(),
+                        eq(Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED));
+        Intent intent1 =
+                new Intent(TelephonyManager.ACTION_NETWORK_COUNTRY_CHANGED)
+                        .putExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_COUNTRY, TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN)
+                        .putExtra(SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SLOT_INDEX, TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_1);
+        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onReceive(mContext, intent1);
+
+        Intent intent0 =
+                new Intent(TelephonyManager.ACTION_NETWORK_COUNTRY_CHANGED)
+                        .putExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_COUNTRY, TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN)
+                        .putExtra(SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SLOT_INDEX, TEST_SIM_SLOT_INDEX_0);
+        mTelephonyCountryCodeReceiverCaptor.getValue().onReceive(mContext, intent0);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void updateCountryCode_noForceUpdateDefaultCountryCode_noCountryCodeIsUpdated() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        clearInvocations(mThreadNetworkControllerService);
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.updateCountryCode(false /* forceUpdate */);
+
+        verify(mThreadNetworkControllerService, never()).setCountryCode(any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void updateCountryCode_forceUpdateDefaultCountryCode_countryCodeIsUpdated() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        clearInvocations(mThreadNetworkControllerService);
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.updateCountryCode(true /* forceUpdate */);
+
+        verify(mThreadNetworkControllerService)
+                .setCountryCode(eq(DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE), mOperationReceiverCaptor.capture());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setOverrideCountryCode_defaultCountryCodeAvailable_overrideCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.setOverrideCountryCode(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void clearOverrideCountryCode_defaultCountryCodeAvailable_defaultCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.setOverrideCountryCode(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.clearOverrideCountryCode();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setCountryCodeFailed_defaultCountryCodeAvailable_countryCodeIsNotUpdated() {
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        mErrorSetCountryCode = true;
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.setOverrideCountryCode(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+
+        verify(mThreadNetworkControllerService)
+                .setCountryCode(eq(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN), mOperationReceiverCaptor.capture());
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void settingsCountryCode_settingsCountryCodeIsActive_settingsCountryCodeIsUsed() {
+        when(mPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).thenReturn(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.initialize();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadNetworkCountryCode.getCountryCode()).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE_CN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dump_allCountryCodeInfoAreDumped() {
+        StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
+        PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(stringWriter);
+
+        mThreadNetworkCountryCode.dump(new FileDescriptor(), printWriter, null);
+        String outputString = stringWriter.toString();
+
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mOverrideCountryCodeInfo");
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mTelephonyCountryCodeSlotInfoMap");
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mTelephonyCountryCodeInfo");
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mWifiCountryCodeInfo");
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mTelephonyLastCountryCodeInfo");
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mLocationCountryCodeInfo");
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mOemCountryCodeInfo");
+        assertThat(outputString).contains("mCurrentCountryCodeInfo");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfb3129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.contains;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.validateMockitoUsage;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.os.Binder;
+
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link ThreadNetworkShellCommand}. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest {
+    // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset new":
+    // Active Timestamp: 1
+    // Channel: 19
+    // Channel Mask: 0x07FFF800
+    // Ext PAN ID: ACC214689BC40BDF
+    // Mesh Local Prefix: fd64:db12:25f4:7e0b::/64
+    // Network Key: F26B3153760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF
+    // Network Name: OpenThread-d9a0
+    // PAN ID: 0xD9A0
+    // PSKc: A245479C836D551B9CA557F7B9D351B4
+    // Security Policy: 672 onrcb
+    private static final String DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS =
+            "0E080000000000010000000300001335060004001FFFE002"
+                    + "08ACC214689BC40BDF0708FD64DB1225F47E0B0510F26B31"
+                    + "53760F519A63BAFDDFFC80D2AF030F4F70656E5468726561"
+                    + "642D643961300102D9A00410A245479C836D551B9CA557F7"
+                    + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8";
+
+    @Mock private ThreadNetworkControllerService mControllerService;
+    @Mock private ThreadNetworkCountryCode mCountryCode;
+    @Mock private PrintWriter mErrorWriter;
+    @Mock private PrintWriter mOutputWriter;
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ThreadNetworkShellCommand mShellCommand;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mContext = spy(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
+        doNothing()
+                .when(mContext)
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                        eq("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING"), anyString());
+
+        mShellCommand = new ThreadNetworkShellCommand(mContext, mControllerService, mCountryCode);
+        mShellCommand.setPrintWriters(mOutputWriter, mErrorWriter);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        validateMockitoUsage();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getCountryCode_testingPermissionIsChecked() {
+        when(mCountryCode.getCountryCode()).thenReturn("US");
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"get-country-code"});
+
+        verify(mContext, times(1))
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                        eq("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING"), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getCountryCode_currentCountryCodePrinted() {
+        when(mCountryCode.getCountryCode()).thenReturn("US");
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"get-country-code"});
+
+        verify(mOutputWriter).println(contains("US"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceSetCountryCodeEnabled_testingPermissionIsChecked() {
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"force-country-code", "enabled", "US"});
+
+        verify(mContext, times(1))
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                        eq("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING"), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceSetCountryCodeEnabled_countryCodeIsOverridden() {
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"force-country-code", "enabled", "US"});
+
+        verify(mCountryCode).setOverrideCountryCode(eq("US"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceSetCountryCodeDisabled_overriddenCountryCodeIsCleared() {
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"force-country-code", "disabled"});
+
+        verify(mCountryCode).clearOverrideCountryCode();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemon_testingPermissionIsChecked() {
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"force-stop-ot-daemon", "enabled"});
+
+        verify(mContext, times(1))
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                        eq("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING"), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemon_serviceThrows_failed() {
+        doThrow(new SecurityException(""))
+                .when(mControllerService)
+                .forceStopOtDaemonForTest(eq(true), any());
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"force-stop-ot-daemon", "enabled"});
+
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1)).forceStopOtDaemonForTest(eq(true), any());
+        verify(mOutputWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void forceStopOtDaemon_serviceApiTimeout_failedWithTimeoutError() {
+        doNothing().when(mControllerService).forceStopOtDaemonForTest(eq(true), any());
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"force-stop-ot-daemon", "enabled"});
+
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1)).forceStopOtDaemonForTest(eq(true), any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, atLeastOnce()).println(contains("timeout"));
+        verify(mOutputWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_controllerServiceJoinIsCalled() {
+        doNothing().when(mControllerService).join(any(), any());
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"join", DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS});
+
+        var activeDataset =
+                ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(
+                        base16().decode(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS));
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1)).join(eq(activeDataset), any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void join_invalidDataset_controllerServiceJoinIsNotCalled() {
+        doNothing().when(mControllerService).join(any(), any());
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"join", "000102"});
+
+        verify(mControllerService, never()).join(any(), any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, times(1)).println(contains("Invalid dataset argument"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void migrate_controllerServiceMigrateIsCalled() {
+        doNothing().when(mControllerService).scheduleMigration(any(), any());
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"migrate", DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS, "300"});
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<PendingOperationalDataset> captor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(PendingOperationalDataset.class);
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1)).scheduleMigration(captor.capture(), any());
+        assertThat(captor.getValue().getActiveOperationalDataset())
+                .isEqualTo(
+                        ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(
+                                base16().decode(DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS)));
+        assertThat(captor.getValue().getDelayTimer().toSeconds()).isEqualTo(300);
+        verify(mErrorWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void migrate_invalidDataset_controllerServiceMigrateIsNotCalled() {
+        doNothing().when(mControllerService).scheduleMigration(any(), any());
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"migrate", "000102", "300"});
+
+        verify(mControllerService, never()).scheduleMigration(any(), any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, times(1)).println(contains("Invalid dataset argument"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void leave_controllerServiceLeaveIsCalled() {
+        doNothing().when(mControllerService).leave(any());
+
+        mShellCommand.exec(
+                new Binder(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new FileDescriptor(),
+                new String[] {"leave"});
+
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1)).leave(any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d2fe91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE;
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.validateMockitoUsage;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.util.AtomicFile;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link ThreadPersistentSettings}. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class ThreadPersistentSettingsTest {
+    private static final String TEST_COUNTRY_CODE = "CN";
+
+    @Mock private AtomicFile mAtomicFile;
+    @Mock Resources mResources;
+    @Mock ConnectivityResources mConnectivityResources;
+
+    private ThreadPersistentSettings mThreadPersistentSettings;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        when(mConnectivityResources.get()).thenReturn(mResources);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(true);
+
+        FileOutputStream fos = mock(FileOutputStream.class);
+        when(mAtomicFile.startWrite()).thenReturn(fos);
+        mThreadPersistentSettings =
+                new ThreadPersistentSettings(mAtomicFile, mConnectivityResources);
+    }
+
+    /** Called after each test */
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        validateMockitoUsage();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_readsFromFile() throws Exception {
+        byte[] data = createXmlForParsing(THREAD_ENABLED.key, false);
+        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(data);
+
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_ThreadDisabledInResources_returnsThreadDisabled() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(false);
+        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(new byte[0]);
+
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_ThreadDisabledInResourcesButEnabledInXml_returnsThreadEnabled()
+            throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(false);
+        byte[] data = createXmlForParsing(THREAD_ENABLED.key, true);
+        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(data);
+
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void put_ThreadFeatureEnabledTrue_returnsTrue() throws Exception {
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_ENABLED.key, true);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isTrue();
+        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
+        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
+        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void put_ThreadFeatureEnabledFalse_returnsFalse() throws Exception {
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_ENABLED.key, false);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isFalse();
+        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
+        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
+        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void put_ThreadCountryCodeString_returnsString() throws Exception {
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE.key, TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
+
+        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
+        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
+        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void put_ThreadCountryCodeNull_returnsNull() throws Exception {
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE.key, null);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isNull();
+
+        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
+        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
+        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+    }
+
+    private byte[] createXmlForParsing(String key, Boolean value) throws Exception {
+        PersistableBundle bundle = new PersistableBundle();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        bundle.putBoolean(key, value);
+        bundle.writeToStream(outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private void setupAtomicFileMockForRead(byte[] dataToRead) throws Exception {
+        FileInputStream is = mock(FileInputStream.class);
+        when(mAtomicFile.openRead()).thenReturn(is);
+        when(is.available()).thenReturn(dataToRead.length).thenReturn(0);
+        doAnswer(
+                        invocation -> {
+                            byte[] data = invocation.getArgument(0);
+                            int pos = invocation.getArgument(1);
+                            if (pos == dataToRead.length) return 0; // read complete.
+                            System.arraycopy(dataToRead, 0, data, 0, dataToRead.length);
+                            return dataToRead.length;
+                        })
+                .when(is)
+                .read(any(), anyInt(), anyInt());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/utils/Android.bp b/thread/tests/utils/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..726ec9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/utils/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_thread_network",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "ThreadNetworkTestUtils",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    static_libs: [
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "net-utils-device-common",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/TapTestNetworkTracker.java b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/TapTestNetworkTracker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b586a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/TapTestNetworkTracker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PollingCheck;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InterfaceAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** A class that can create/destroy a test network based on TAP interface. */
+public final class TapTestNetworkTracker {
+    private static final Duration TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final Looper mLooper;
+    private TestNetworkInterface mInterface;
+    private TestableNetworkAgent mAgent;
+    private Network mNetwork;
+    private final TestableNetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;
+    private final ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@link TapTestNetworkTracker}.
+     *
+     * <p>It creates a TAP interface (e.g. testtap0) and registers a test network using that
+     * interface. It also requests the test network by {@link ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork} so
+     * the test network won't be automatically turned down by {@link
+     * com.android.server.ConnectivityService}.
+     */
+    public TapTestNetworkTracker(Context context, Looper looper) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mLooper = looper;
+        mConnectivityManager = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mNetworkCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, this::setUpTestNetwork);
+    }
+
+    /** Tears down the test network. */
+    public void tearDown() {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, this::tearDownTestNetwork);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the interface name of the test network. */
+    public String getInterfaceName() {
+        return mInterface.getInterfaceName();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the {@link android.net.Network} of the test network. */
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    private void setUpTestNetwork() throws Exception {
+        mInterface = mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class).createTapInterface();
+
+        mConnectivityManager.requestNetwork(newNetworkRequest(), mNetworkCallback);
+
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(getInterfaceName());
+        mAgent =
+                new TestableNetworkAgent(
+                        mContext,
+                        mLooper,
+                        newNetworkCapabilities(),
+                        lp,
+                        new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build());
+        mNetwork = mAgent.register();
+        mAgent.markConnected();
+
+        PollingCheck.check(
+                "No usable address on interface",
+                TIMEOUT.toMillis(),
+                () -> hasUsableAddress(mNetwork, getInterfaceName()));
+
+        lp.setLinkAddresses(makeLinkAddresses());
+        mAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        mNetworkCallback.eventuallyExpect(
+                LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                TIMEOUT.toMillis(),
+                l -> !l.getLp().getAddresses().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    private void tearDownTestNetwork() throws IOException {
+        mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(mNetworkCallback);
+        mAgent.unregister();
+        mInterface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+        mAgent.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT.toMillis());
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest newNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TestNetworkSpecifier(getInterfaceName()))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities newNetworkCapabilities() {
+        return new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TestNetworkSpecifier(getInterfaceName()));
+    }
+
+    private List<LinkAddress> makeLinkAddresses() {
+        List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<InterfaceAddress> interfaceAddresses = Collections.emptyList();
+
+        try {
+            interfaceAddresses =
+                    NetworkInterface.getByName(getInterfaceName()).getInterfaceAddresses();
+        } catch (SocketException ignored) {
+            // Ignore failures when getting the addresses.
+        }
+
+        for (InterfaceAddress address : interfaceAddresses) {
+            linkAddresses.add(
+                    new LinkAddress(address.getAddress(), address.getNetworkPrefixLength()));
+        }
+
+        return linkAddresses;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasUsableAddress(Network network, String interfaceName) {
+        try {
+            if (NetworkInterface.getByName(interfaceName).getInterfaceAddresses().isEmpty()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Check if the link-local address can be used. Address flags are not available without
+        // elevated permissions, so check that bindSocket works.
+        try {
+            FileDescriptor sock = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+            network.bindSocket(sock);
+            Os.connect(sock, parseNumericAddress("ff02::fb%" + interfaceName), 12345);
+            Os.close(sock);
+        } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.java b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38a6e90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.java
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils.isKernelVersionAtLeast;
+
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo;
+
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
+import org.junit.runner.Description;
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * A rule used to skip Thread tests when the device doesn't support a specific feature indicated by
+ * {@code ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.Requires*}.
+ */
+public final class ThreadFeatureCheckerRule implements TestRule {
+    private static final String KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED = "5.15.0";
+    private static final int KERNEL_ANDROID_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED = 14;
+
+    /**
+     * Annotates a test class or method requires the Thread feature to run.
+     *
+     * <p>In Absence of the Thread feature, the test class or method will be ignored.
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+    @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
+    public @interface RequiresThreadFeature {}
+
+    /**
+     * Annotates a test class or method requires the kernel IPv6 multicast routing feature to run.
+     *
+     * <p>In Absence of the multicast routing feature, the test class or method will be ignored.
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+    @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
+    public @interface RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting {}
+
+    /**
+     * Annotates a test class or method requires the simulation Thread device (i.e. ot-cli-ftd) to
+     * run.
+     *
+     * <p>In Absence of the simulation device, the test class or method will be ignored.
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+    @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
+    public @interface RequiresSimulationThreadDevice {}
+
+    @Override
+    public Statement apply(final Statement base, Description description) {
+        return new Statement() {
+            @Override
+            public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
+                if (hasAnnotation(RequiresThreadFeature.class, description)) {
+                    assumeTrue(
+                            "Skipping test because the Thread feature is unavailable",
+                            hasThreadFeature());
+                }
+
+                if (hasAnnotation(RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting.class, description)) {
+                    assumeTrue(
+                            "Skipping test because kernel IPv6 multicast routing is unavailable",
+                            hasIpv6MulticastRouting());
+                }
+
+                if (hasAnnotation(RequiresSimulationThreadDevice.class, description)) {
+                    assumeTrue(
+                            "Skipping test because simulation Thread device is unavailable",
+                            hasSimulationThreadDevice());
+                }
+
+                base.evaluate();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if a test method or the test class is annotated with annotation. */
+    private <T extends Annotation> boolean hasAnnotation(
+            Class<T> annotationClass, Description description) {
+        // Method annotation
+        boolean hasAnnotation = description.getAnnotation(annotationClass) != null;
+
+        // Class annotation
+        Class<?> clazz = description.getTestClass();
+        while (!hasAnnotation && clazz != Object.class) {
+            hasAnnotation |= clazz.getAnnotation(annotationClass) != null;
+            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
+        }
+
+        return hasAnnotation;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if this device has the Thread feature supported. */
+    private static boolean hasThreadFeature() {
+        final Context context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
+
+        // Use service name rather than `ThreadNetworkManager.class` to avoid
+        // `ClassNotFoundException` on U- devices.
+        return context.getSystemService("thread_network") != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if this device has the kernel IPv6 multicast routing feature enabled.
+     */
+    private static boolean hasIpv6MulticastRouting() {
+        // The kernel IPv6 multicast routing (i.e. IPV6_MROUTE) is enabled on kernel version
+        // android14-5.15.0 and later
+        return isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED)
+                && isKernelAndroidVersionAtLeast(
+                        KERNEL_ANDROID_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the android version in the kernel version of this device is equal to
+     * or larger than the given {@code minVersion}.
+     */
+    private static boolean isKernelAndroidVersionAtLeast(int minVersion) {
+        final String osRelease = VintfRuntimeInfo.getOsRelease();
+        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("android(\\d+)");
+        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(osRelease);
+
+        if (matcher.find()) {
+            int version = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1));
+            return (version >= minVersion);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if the simulation Thread device is supported. */
+    private static boolean hasSimulationThreadDevice() {
+        // Simulation radio is supported on only Cuttlefish
+        return SystemProperties.get("ro.product.model").startsWith("Cuttlefish");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/Android.bp b/tools/Android.bp
index 3ce76f6..2c2ed14 100644
--- a/tools/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/Android.bp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
     name: "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib",
     srcs: ["testdata/java/**/*.java"],
     libs: ["unsupportedappusage"],
+    sdk_version: "core_platform",
     visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
 }
 
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
     // Not strictly necessary but specified as this MUST not have generate
     // a dex jar as that will break the tests.
     compile_dex: false,
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
     ],
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
     // Not strictly necessary but specified as this MUST not have generate
     // a dex jar as that will break the tests.
     compile_dex: false,
@@ -79,6 +83,8 @@
     ],
     data: [
         "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt",
+        // txt with Test classes to test they aren't included when added to jarjar excludes
+        "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes-testclass.txt",
         // two unsupportedappusage lists with different classes to test using multiple lists
         "testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt",
         "testdata/test-other-unsupportedappusage.txt",
diff --git a/tools/aospify_device.sh b/tools/aospify_device.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0176093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aospify_device.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Script to swap core networking modules in a GMS userdebug device to AOSP modules, by remounting
+# the system partition and replacing module prebuilts. This is only to be used for local testing,
+# and should only be used on userdebug devices that support "adb root" and remounting the system
+# partition using overlayfs. The setup wizard should be cleared before running the script.
+#
+# Usage: aospify_device.sh [device_serial]
+#
+# Reset with "adb enable-verity", then wiping data (from Settings, or:
+# "adb reboot bootloader && fastboot erase userdata && fastboot reboot").
+# Some devices output errors like "Overlayfs teardown failed" on "enable-verity" but it still works
+# (/mnt/scratch should be deleted).
+#
+# This applies to NetworkStack, CaptivePortalLogin, dnsresolver, tethering, cellbroadcast modules,
+# which generally need to be preloaded together (core networking modules + cellbroadcast which
+# shares its certificates with NetworkStack and CaptivePortalLogin)
+#
+# This allows device manufacturers to test their changes in AOSP modules, running them on their
+# own device builds, before contributing contributing the patches to AOSP. After running this script
+# once AOSP modules can be quickly built and updated on the prepared device with:
+#   m NetworkStack
+#   adb install --staged $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/priv-app/NetworkStack/NetworkStack.apk \
+#   adb reboot
+# or for APEX modules:
+#   m com.android.tethering deapexer
+#   $ANDROID_HOST_OUT/bin/deapexer decompress --input $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/apex/com.android.tethering.capex --output /tmp/decompressed.apex
+#   adb install /tmp/decompressed.apex && adb reboot
+#
+# This has been tested on Android T and Android U Pixel devices. On recent (U+) devices, it requires
+# setting a released target SDK (for example target_sdk_version: "34") in
+# packages/modules/Connectivity/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp before building.
+set -e
+
+function push_apex {
+    local original_apex_name=$1
+    local aosp_apex_name=$2
+    if $ADB_CMD shell ls /system/apex/$original_apex_name.capex 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+        $ADB_CMD shell rm /system/apex/$original_apex_name.capex
+        $ADB_CMD push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/apex/$aosp_apex_name.capex /system/apex/
+    else
+        rm -f /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex
+        $ANDROID_HOST_OUT/bin/deapexer decompress --input $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/apex/$aosp_apex_name.capex --output /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex
+        if ! $ADB_CMD shell ls /system/apex/$original_apex_name.apex 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+            # Filename observed on some phones, even though it is not actually compressed
+            original_apex_name=${original_apex_name}_compressed
+        fi
+        $ADB_CMD shell rm /system/apex/$original_apex_name.apex
+        $ADB_CMD push /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex /system/apex/$aosp_apex_name.apex
+        rm /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex
+    fi
+}
+
+function push_apk {
+    local app_type=$1
+    local original_apk_name=$2
+    local aosp_apk_name=$3
+    $ADB_CMD shell rm /system/$app_type/$original_apk_name/$original_apk_name*.apk
+    $ADB_CMD push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/$app_type/$aosp_apk_name/$aosp_apk_name.apk /system/$app_type/$original_apk_name/
+}
+
+NETWORKSTACK_AOSP_SEPOLICY_KEY="<signer signature=\"308205dc308203c4a003020102020900fc6cb0d8a6fdd16\
+8300d06092a864886f70d01010b0500308181310b30090603550406130255533113301106035504080c0a43616c69666f72\
+6e69613116301406035504070c0d4d6f756e7461696e20566965773110300e060355040a0c07416e64726f69643110300e0\
+60355040b0c07416e64726f69643121301f06035504030c18636f6d2e616e64726f69642e6e6574776f726b737461636b30\
+20170d3139303231323031343632305a180f34373537303130383031343632305a308181310b30090603550406130255533\
+113301106035504080c0a43616c69666f726e69613116301406035504070c0d4d6f756e7461696e20566965773110300e06\
+0355040a0c07416e64726f69643110300e060355040b0c07416e64726f69643121301f06035504030c18636f6d2e616e647\
+26f69642e6e6574776f726b737461636b30820222300d06092a864886f70d01010105000382020f003082020a0282020100\
+bb71f5137ff0b2d757acc2ca3d378e0f8de11090d5caf3d49e314d35c283b778b02d792d8eba440364ca970985441660f0b\
+c00afbc63dd611b1bf51ad28a1edd21e0048f548b80f8bd113e25682822f57dab8273afaf12c64d19a0c6be238f3e66ddc7\
+9b10fd926931e3ee60a7bf618644da3c2c4fc428139d45d27beda7fe45e30075b493ead6ec01cdd55d931c0a657e2e59742\
+ca632b6dc3842a2deb7d22443c809291d7a549203ae6ae356582a4ca23f30f0549c4ec8408a75278e95c69e8390ad5280bc\
+efaef6f1309a41bd9f3bfb5d12dca7e79ec6fd6848193fa9ab728224887b4f93e985ec7cbf6401b0e863a4b91c05d046f04\
+0fe954004b1645954fcb4114cee1e8b64b47d719a19ef4c001cb183f7f3e166e43f56d68047c3440da34fdf529d44274b8b\
+2f6afb345091ad8ad4b93bd5c55d52286a5d3c157465db8ddf62e7cdb6b10fb18888046afdd263ae6f2125d9065759c7e42\
+f8610a6746edbdc547d4301612eeec3c3cbd124dececc8d38b20e73b13f24ee7ca13a98c5f61f0c81b07d2b519749bc2bcb\
+9e0949aef6c118a3e8125e6ab57fce46bb091a66740e10b31c740b891900c0ecda9cc69ecb4f3369998b175106dd0a4ffd7\
+024eb7e75fedd1a5b131d0bb2b40c63491e3cf86b8957b21521b3a96ed1376a51a6ac697866b0256dee1bcd9ab9a188bf4c\
+ed80b59a5f24c2da9a55eb7b0e502116e30203010001a3533051301d0603551d0e041604149383c92cfbf099d5c47b0c365\
+7d8622a084b72e1301f0603551d230418301680149383c92cfbf099d5c47b0c3657d8622a084b72e1300f0603551d130101\
+ff040530030101ff300d06092a864886f70d01010b050003820201006a0501382fde2a6b8f70c60cd1b8ee4f788718c288b\
+170258ef3a96230b65005650d6a4c42a59a97b2ddec502413e7b438fbd060363d74b74a232382a7f77fd3da34e38f79fad0\
+35a8b472c5cff365818a0118d87fa1e31cc7ed4befd27628760c290980c3cc3b7ff0cfd01b75ff1fcc83e981b5b25a54d85\
+b68a80424ac26015fb3a4c754969a71174c0bc283f6c88191dced609e245f5938ffd0ad799198e2d0bf6342221c1b0a5d33\
+2ed2fffc668982cabbcb7d3b630ff8476e5c84ac0ad37adf9224035200039f95ec1fa95bf83796c0e8986135cee2dcaef19\
+0b249855a7e7397d4a0bf17ea63d978589c6b48118a381fffbd790c44d80233e2e35292a3b5533ca3f2cc173f85cf904adf\
+e2e4e2183dc1eba0ebae07b839a81ff1bc92e292550957c8599af21e9c0497b9234ce345f3f508b1cc872aa55ddb5e773c5\
+c7dd6577b9a8b6daed20ae1ff4b8206fd9f5c8f5a22ba1980bef01ae6fcb2659b97ad5b985fa81c019ffe008ddd9c8130c0\
+6fc6032b2149c2209fc438a7e8c3b20ce03650ad31c4ee48f169777a0ae182b72ca31b81540f61f167d8d7adf4f6bb2330f\
+f5c24037245000d8172c12ab5d5aa5890b8b12db0f0e7296264eb66e7f9714c31004649fb4b864005f9c43c80db3f6de52f\
+d44d6e2036bfe7f5807156ed5ab591d06fd6bb93ba4334ea2739af8b41ed2686454e60b666d10738bb7ba88001\">\
+<seinfo value=\"network_stack\"\/><\/signer>"
+
+DEVICE=$1
+ADB_CMD="adb -s $DEVICE"
+
+if [ -z "$DEVICE" ]; then
+    echo "Usage: aospify_device.sh [device_serial]"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$ANDROID_BUILD_TOP" ]; then
+    echo "Run build/envsetup.sh first to set ANDROID_BUILD_TOP"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! $ADB_CMD wait-for-device shell pm path com.google.android.networkstack 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "This device is already not using GMS modules"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+read -p "This script is only for test purposes and highly likely to make your device unusable. \
+Continue ? <y/N>" prompt
+if [[ $prompt != "y" ]]
+then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+cd $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP
+source build/envsetup.sh
+lunch aosp_arm64-trunk_staging-userdebug
+m NetworkStack CaptivePortalLogin com.android.tethering com.android.cellbroadcast \
+    com.android.resolv deapexer \
+    out/target/product/generic_arm64/system/etc/selinux/plat_mac_permissions.xml \
+    out/target/product/generic_arm64/system/etc/permissions/com.android.networkstack.xml
+
+$ADB_CMD root
+$ADB_CMD remount
+$ADB_CMD reboot
+
+echo "Waiting for boot..."
+until [[ $($ADB_CMD wait-for-device shell getprop sys.boot_completed) == 1 ]]; do
+    sleep 1;
+done
+
+$ADB_CMD root
+$ADB_CMD remount
+
+push_apk priv-app NetworkStackGoogle NetworkStack
+push_apk app CaptivePortalLoginGoogle CaptivePortalLogin
+push_apex com.google.android.tethering com.android.tethering
+push_apex com.google.android.cellbroadcast com.android.cellbroadcast
+push_apex com.google.android.resolv com.android.resolv
+
+# Replace the network_stack key used to set its sepolicy context
+rm -f /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml
+$ADB_CMD pull /system/etc/selinux/plat_mac_permissions.xml /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml
+sed_replace='s/<signer signature="[0-9a-fA-F]+"><seinfo value="network_stack"\/><\/signer>/'$NETWORKSTACK_AOSP_SEPOLICY_KEY'/'
+sed -E "$sed_replace" /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml |
+    $ADB_CMD shell 'cat > /system/etc/selinux/plat_mac_permissions.xml'
+rm /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml
+
+# Update the networkstack privapp-permissions allowlist
+rm -f /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml
+networkstack_permissions=/system/etc/permissions/GoogleNetworkStack_permissions.xml
+if ! $ADB_CMD shell ls $networkstack_permissions 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+    networkstack_permissions=/system/etc/permissions/privapp-permissions-google.xml
+fi
+
+$ADB_CMD pull $networkstack_permissions /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml
+
+# Remove last </permission> line, and the permissions for com.google.android.networkstack
+sed -nE '1,/<\/permissions>/p' /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml \
+    | sed -E '/com.google.android.networkstack/,/privapp-permissions/d' > /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+# Add the AOSP permissions and re-add the </permissions> line
+sed -nE '/com.android.networkstack/,/privapp-permissions/p' $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/etc/permissions/com.android.networkstack.xml \
+    >> /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+echo '</permissions>' >> /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+
+$ADB_CMD push /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml $networkstack_permissions
+
+rm /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+
+echo "Done modifying, rebooting"
+$ADB_CMD reboot
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py b/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
index f5bf499..12038e9 100644
--- a/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
+++ b/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
@@ -84,6 +84,31 @@
             'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
             'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n'], lines)
 
+    def test_gen_rules_repeated_testclass_excluded(self):
+        args = gen_jarjar.parse_arguments([
+            "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib.jar",
+            "--prefix", "jarjar.prefix",
+            "--output", "test-output-rules.txt",
+            "--apistubs", "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib.jar",
+            "--unsupportedapi", ":testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt",
+            "--excludes", "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes-testclass.txt",
+        ])
+        gen_jarjar.make_jarjar_rules(args)
+
+        with open(args.output) as out:
+            lines = out.readlines()
+
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertListEqual([
+            'rule android.net.IpSecTransform jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.unsupportedappusage.OtherUnsupportedUsageClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.unsupportedappusage.OtherUnsupportedUsageClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.unsupportedappusage.OtherUnsupportedUsageClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n'], lines)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Need verbosity=2 for the test results parser to find results
diff --git a/tools/testdata/test-jarjar-excludes-testclass.txt b/tools/testdata/test-jarjar-excludes-testclass.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7cc2cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/test-jarjar-excludes-testclass.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Test file for excluded classes
+test\.jarj.rexcluded\.JarjarExcludedCla.s
+test\.jarjarexcluded\.JarjarExcludedClass\$TestInnerCl.ss
+
+# Exclude actual test files
+test\.utils\.TestUtilClassTest
+android\.net\.IpSecTransformTest
\ No newline at end of file