diff --git a/bpf_progs/block.c b/bpf_progs/block.c
index 3797a38..d734b74 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/block.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/block.c
@@ -71,3 +71,4 @@
 
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("ConnectivityNative");
+DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
index 85ba58e..905b8fa 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -416,3 +416,4 @@
 
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity");
+DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c b/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
index 262b65b..88b50b5 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
@@ -238,3 +238,4 @@
 
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity");
+DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index 245ad7a..74b09e7 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -587,3 +587,4 @@
 
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity and netd");
+DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
index 80d1a41..8645dd7 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -863,3 +863,4 @@
 
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity (Tethering)");
+DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test.c b/bpf_progs/test.c
index 091743c..68469c8 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/test.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/test.c
@@ -67,3 +67,4 @@
 }
 
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
+DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/common/Android.bp b/common/Android.bp
index 729ef32..ff4de11 100644
--- a/common/Android.bp
+++ b/common/Android.bp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
         "src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/*.java",
     ],
     sdk_version: "module_current",
-    min_sdk_version: "29",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     visibility: [
         // Do not add any lib. This library is only shared inside connectivity module
         // and its tests.
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketData.java b/framework/src/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketData.java
index a524859..9e6d80d 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketData.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketData.java
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
         if (srcAddr instanceof Inet4Address && dstAddr instanceof Inet4Address) {
             return nattKeepalivePacketv4(
                     (Inet4Address) srcAddr, srcPort, (Inet4Address) dstAddr, dstPort);
-        } else if (srcAddr instanceof Inet6Address && dstAddress instanceof Inet6Address) {
+        } else if (srcAddr instanceof Inet6Address && dstAddr instanceof Inet6Address) {
             return nattKeepalivePacketv6(
                     (Inet6Address) srcAddr, srcPort, (Inet6Address) dstAddr, dstPort);
         } else {
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index 3984249..d239277 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -52,25 +52,25 @@
 static Status attachProgramToCgroup(const char* programPath, const unique_fd& cgroupFd,
                                     bpf_attach_type type) {
     unique_fd cgroupProg(retrieveProgram(programPath));
-    if (cgroupProg == -1) {
-        int ret = errno;
-        ALOGE("Failed to get program from %s: %s", programPath, strerror(ret));
-        return statusFromErrno(ret, "cgroup program get failed");
+    if (!cgroupProg.ok()) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("Failed to get program from %s: %s", programPath, strerror(err));
+        return statusFromErrno(err, "cgroup program get failed");
     }
     if (android::bpf::attachProgram(type, cgroupProg, cgroupFd)) {
-        int ret = errno;
-        ALOGE("Program from %s attach failed: %s", programPath, strerror(ret));
-        return statusFromErrno(ret, "program attach failed");
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("Program from %s attach failed: %s", programPath, strerror(err));
+        return statusFromErrno(err, "program attach failed");
     }
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
 
 static Status checkProgramAccessible(const char* programPath) {
     unique_fd prog(retrieveProgram(programPath));
-    if (prog == -1) {
-        int ret = errno;
-        ALOGE("Failed to get program from %s: %s", programPath, strerror(ret));
-        return statusFromErrno(ret, "program retrieve failed");
+    if (!prog.ok()) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("Failed to get program from %s: %s", programPath, strerror(err));
+        return statusFromErrno(err, "program retrieve failed");
     }
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU() && !!strcmp(cg2_path, "/sys/fs/cgroup")) abort();
 
     unique_fd cg_fd(open(cg2_path, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (cg_fd == -1) {
-        const int ret = errno;
-        ALOGE("Failed to open the cgroup directory: %s", strerror(ret));
-        return statusFromErrno(ret, "Open the cgroup directory failed");
+    if (!cg_fd.ok()) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("Failed to open the cgroup directory: %s", strerror(err));
+        return statusFromErrno(err, "Open the cgroup directory failed");
     }
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_ALLOWLIST_PROG_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_DENYLIST_PROG_PATH));
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ExecutorProvider.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ExecutorProvider.java
index 72b65e0..0eebc61 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ExecutorProvider.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ExecutorProvider.java
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
     /** Shuts down all the created {@link ScheduledExecutorService} instances. */
     public void shutdownAll() {
         for (ScheduledExecutorService executor : serviceTypeClientSchedulerExecutors) {
+            if (executor.isShutdown()) {
+                continue;
+            }
             executor.shutdownNow();
         }
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index 5f27b6a..158d7a3 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onSocketCreated(@NonNull Network network,
+        public void onSocketCreated(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
                 @NonNull List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
             MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAllAdvertisers.get(socket);
@@ -311,14 +311,14 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull Network network,
+        public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
             final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAdvertisers.get(socket);
             if (advertiser != null) advertiser.destroyNow();
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onAddressesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+        public void onAddressesChanged(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
             final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAdvertisers.get(socket);
             if (advertiser != null) advertiser.updateAddresses(addresses);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
index 39fceb9..afad3b7 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
-import android.net.Network;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * This class keeps tracking the set of registered {@link MdnsServiceBrowserListener} instances, and
@@ -50,54 +48,58 @@
     private final MdnsSocketClientBase socketClient;
     @NonNull private final SharedLog sharedLog;
 
-    @NonNull private final PerNetworkServiceTypeClients perNetworkServiceTypeClients;
+    @NonNull private final PerSocketServiceTypeClients perSocketServiceTypeClients;
     @NonNull private final Handler handler;
     @Nullable private final HandlerThread handlerThread;
 
-    private static class PerNetworkServiceTypeClients {
-        private final ArrayMap<Pair<String, Network>, MdnsServiceTypeClient> clients =
+    private static class PerSocketServiceTypeClients {
+        private final ArrayMap<Pair<String, SocketKey>, MdnsServiceTypeClient> clients =
                 new ArrayMap<>();
 
-        public void put(@NonNull String serviceType, @Nullable Network network,
+        public void put(@NonNull String serviceType, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsServiceTypeClient client) {
             final String dnsLowerServiceType = MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(serviceType);
-            final Pair<String, Network> perNetworkServiceType = new Pair<>(dnsLowerServiceType,
-                    network);
-            clients.put(perNetworkServiceType, client);
+            final Pair<String, SocketKey> perSocketServiceType = new Pair<>(dnsLowerServiceType,
+                    socketKey);
+            clients.put(perSocketServiceType, client);
         }
 
         @Nullable
-        public MdnsServiceTypeClient get(@NonNull String serviceType, @Nullable Network network) {
+        public MdnsServiceTypeClient get(
+                @NonNull String serviceType, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
             final String dnsLowerServiceType = MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(serviceType);
-            final Pair<String, Network> perNetworkServiceType = new Pair<>(dnsLowerServiceType,
-                    network);
-            return clients.getOrDefault(perNetworkServiceType, null);
+            final Pair<String, SocketKey> perSocketServiceType = new Pair<>(dnsLowerServiceType,
+                    socketKey);
+            return clients.getOrDefault(perSocketServiceType, null);
         }
 
         public List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> getByServiceType(@NonNull String serviceType) {
             final String dnsLowerServiceType = MdnsUtils.toDnsLowerCase(serviceType);
             final List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> list = new ArrayList<>();
             for (int i = 0; i < clients.size(); i++) {
-                final Pair<String, Network> perNetworkServiceType = clients.keyAt(i);
-                if (dnsLowerServiceType.equals(perNetworkServiceType.first)) {
+                final Pair<String, SocketKey> perSocketServiceType = clients.keyAt(i);
+                if (dnsLowerServiceType.equals(perSocketServiceType.first)) {
                     list.add(clients.valueAt(i));
                 }
             }
             return list;
         }
 
-        public List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> getByNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
+        public List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> getBySocketKey(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
             final List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> list = new ArrayList<>();
             for (int i = 0; i < clients.size(); i++) {
-                final Pair<String, Network> perNetworkServiceType = clients.keyAt(i);
-                final Network serviceTypeNetwork = perNetworkServiceType.second;
-                if (Objects.equals(network, serviceTypeNetwork)) {
+                final Pair<String, SocketKey> perSocketServiceType = clients.keyAt(i);
+                if (socketKey.equals(perSocketServiceType.second)) {
                     list.add(clients.valueAt(i));
                 }
             }
             return list;
         }
 
+        public List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> getAllMdnsServiceTypeClient() {
+            return new ArrayList<>(clients.values());
+        }
+
         public void remove(@NonNull MdnsServiceTypeClient client) {
             final int index = clients.indexOfValue(client);
             clients.removeAt(index);
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@
         this.executorProvider = executorProvider;
         this.socketClient = socketClient;
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
-        this.perNetworkServiceTypeClients = new PerNetworkServiceTypeClients();
+        this.perSocketServiceTypeClients = new PerSocketServiceTypeClients();
         if (socketClient.getLooper() != null) {
             this.handlerThread = null;
             this.handler = new Handler(socketClient.getLooper());
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@
             @NonNull String serviceType,
             @NonNull MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener,
             @NonNull MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions) {
-        if (perNetworkServiceTypeClients.isEmpty()) {
+        if (perSocketServiceTypeClients.isEmpty()) {
             // First listener. Starts the socket client.
             try {
                 socketClient.startDiscovery();
@@ -177,29 +179,29 @@
         socketClient.notifyNetworkRequested(listener, searchOptions.getNetwork(),
                 new MdnsSocketClientBase.SocketCreationCallback() {
                     @Override
-                    public void onSocketCreated(@Nullable Network network) {
+                    public void onSocketCreated(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
                         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
                         // All listeners of the same service types shares the same
                         // MdnsServiceTypeClient.
                         MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient =
-                                perNetworkServiceTypeClients.get(serviceType, network);
+                                perSocketServiceTypeClients.get(serviceType, socketKey);
                         if (serviceTypeClient == null) {
-                            serviceTypeClient = createServiceTypeClient(serviceType, network);
-                            perNetworkServiceTypeClients.put(serviceType, network,
+                            serviceTypeClient = createServiceTypeClient(serviceType, socketKey);
+                            perSocketServiceTypeClients.put(serviceType, socketKey,
                                     serviceTypeClient);
                         }
                         serviceTypeClient.startSendAndReceive(listener, searchOptions);
                     }
 
                     @Override
-                    public void onAllSocketsDestroyed(@Nullable Network network) {
+                    public void onAllSocketsDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
                         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
                         final MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient =
-                                perNetworkServiceTypeClients.get(serviceType, network);
+                                perSocketServiceTypeClients.get(serviceType, socketKey);
                         if (serviceTypeClient == null) return;
                         // Notify all listeners that all services are removed from this socket.
                         serviceTypeClient.notifySocketDestroyed();
-                        perNetworkServiceTypeClients.remove(serviceTypeClient);
+                        perSocketServiceTypeClients.remove(serviceTypeClient);
                     }
                 });
     }
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@
         socketClient.notifyNetworkUnrequested(listener);
 
         final List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> serviceTypeClients =
-                perNetworkServiceTypeClients.getByServiceType(serviceType);
+                perSocketServiceTypeClients.getByServiceType(serviceType);
         if (serviceTypeClients.isEmpty()) {
             return;
         }
@@ -233,60 +235,59 @@
             if (serviceTypeClient.stopSendAndReceive(listener)) {
                 // No listener is registered for the service type anymore, remove it from the list
                 // of the service type clients.
-                perNetworkServiceTypeClients.remove(serviceTypeClient);
+                perSocketServiceTypeClients.remove(serviceTypeClient);
             }
         }
-        if (perNetworkServiceTypeClients.isEmpty()) {
+        if (perSocketServiceTypeClients.isEmpty()) {
             // No discovery request. Stops the socket client.
+            sharedLog.i("All service type listeners unregistered; stopping discovery");
             socketClient.stopDiscovery();
         }
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onResponseReceived(@NonNull MdnsPacket packet,
-            int interfaceIndex, @Nullable Network network) {
+    public void onResponseReceived(@NonNull MdnsPacket packet, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
         checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
-                handleOnResponseReceived(packet, interfaceIndex, network));
+                handleOnResponseReceived(packet, socketKey));
     }
 
-    private void handleOnResponseReceived(@NonNull MdnsPacket packet, int interfaceIndex,
-            @Nullable Network network) {
-        for (MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient
-                : getMdnsServiceTypeClient(network)) {
-            serviceTypeClient.processResponse(packet, interfaceIndex, network);
+    private void handleOnResponseReceived(@NonNull MdnsPacket packet,
+            @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+        for (MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient : getMdnsServiceTypeClient(socketKey)) {
+            serviceTypeClient.processResponse(
+                    packet, socketKey.getInterfaceIndex(), socketKey.getNetwork());
         }
     }
 
-    private List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> getMdnsServiceTypeClient(@Nullable Network network) {
+    private List<MdnsServiceTypeClient> getMdnsServiceTypeClient(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
         if (socketClient.supportsRequestingSpecificNetworks()) {
-            return perNetworkServiceTypeClients.getByNetwork(network);
+            return perSocketServiceTypeClients.getBySocketKey(socketKey);
         } else {
-            return perNetworkServiceTypeClients.getByNetwork(null);
+            return perSocketServiceTypeClients.getAllMdnsServiceTypeClient();
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(int receivedPacketNumber, int errorCode,
-            @Nullable Network network) {
+            @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
         checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() ->
-                handleOnFailedToParseMdnsResponse(receivedPacketNumber, errorCode, network));
+                handleOnFailedToParseMdnsResponse(receivedPacketNumber, errorCode, socketKey));
     }
 
     private void handleOnFailedToParseMdnsResponse(int receivedPacketNumber, int errorCode,
-            @Nullable Network network) {
-        for (MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient
-                : getMdnsServiceTypeClient(network)) {
+            @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+        for (MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient : getMdnsServiceTypeClient(socketKey)) {
             serviceTypeClient.onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(receivedPacketNumber, errorCode);
         }
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     MdnsServiceTypeClient createServiceTypeClient(@NonNull String serviceType,
-            @Nullable Network network) {
-        sharedLog.log("createServiceTypeClient for type:" + serviceType + ", net:" + network);
+            @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+        sharedLog.log("createServiceTypeClient for type:" + serviceType + " " + socketKey);
         return new MdnsServiceTypeClient(
                 serviceType, socketClient,
-                executorProvider.newServiceTypeClientSchedulerExecutor(), network,
-                sharedLog.forSubComponent(serviceType + "-" + network));
+                executorProvider.newServiceTypeClientSchedulerExecutor(), socketKey,
+                sharedLog.forSubComponent(serviceType + "-" + socketKey));
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
index 73e4497..d0ca20e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
         @NonNull
         private final SocketCreationCallback mSocketCreationCallback;
         @NonNull
-        private final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, Network> mActiveNetworkSockets =
+        private final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> mActiveNetworkSockets =
                 new ArrayMap<>();
 
         InterfaceSocketCallback(SocketCreationCallback socketCreationCallback) {
@@ -72,32 +72,32 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onSocketCreated(@Nullable Network network,
+        public void onSocketCreated(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
             // The socket may be already created by other request before, try to get the stored
             // ReadPacketHandler.
             ReadPacketHandler handler = mSocketPacketHandlers.get(socket);
             if (handler == null) {
                 // First request to create this socket. Initial a ReadPacketHandler for this socket.
-                handler = new ReadPacketHandler(network, socket.getInterface().getIndex());
+                handler = new ReadPacketHandler(socketKey);
                 mSocketPacketHandlers.put(socket, handler);
             }
             socket.addPacketHandler(handler);
-            mActiveNetworkSockets.put(socket, network);
-            mSocketCreationCallback.onSocketCreated(network);
+            mActiveNetworkSockets.put(socket, socketKey);
+            mSocketCreationCallback.onSocketCreated(socketKey);
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@Nullable Network network,
+        public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
             notifySocketDestroyed(socket);
             maybeCleanupPacketHandler(socket);
         }
 
         private void notifySocketDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            final Network network = mActiveNetworkSockets.remove(socket);
-            if (!isAnySocketActive(network)) {
-                mSocketCreationCallback.onAllSocketsDestroyed(network);
+            final SocketKey socketKey = mActiveNetworkSockets.remove(socket);
+            if (!isAnySocketActive(socketKey)) {
+                mSocketCreationCallback.onAllSocketsDestroyed(socketKey);
             }
         }
 
@@ -121,18 +121,18 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private boolean isAnySocketActive(@Nullable Network network) {
+    private boolean isAnySocketActive(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
         for (int i = 0; i < mRequestedNetworks.size(); i++) {
             final InterfaceSocketCallback isc = mRequestedNetworks.valueAt(i);
-            if (isc.mActiveNetworkSockets.containsValue(network)) {
+            if (isc.mActiveNetworkSockets.containsValue(socketKey)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
         return false;
     }
 
-    private ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, Network> getActiveSockets() {
-        final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, Network> sockets = new ArrayMap<>();
+    private ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> getActiveSockets() {
+        final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> sockets = new ArrayMap<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < mRequestedNetworks.size(); i++) {
             final InterfaceSocketCallback isc = mRequestedNetworks.valueAt(i);
             sockets.putAll(isc.mActiveNetworkSockets);
@@ -146,17 +146,15 @@
     }
 
     private class ReadPacketHandler implements MulticastPacketReader.PacketHandler {
-        private final Network mNetwork;
-        private final int mInterfaceIndex;
+        @NonNull private final SocketKey mSocketKey;
 
-        ReadPacketHandler(@NonNull Network network, int interfaceIndex) {
-            mNetwork = network;
-            mInterfaceIndex = interfaceIndex;
+        ReadPacketHandler(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+            mSocketKey = socketKey;
         }
 
         @Override
         public void handlePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length, InetSocketAddress src) {
-            processResponsePacket(recvbuf, length, mInterfaceIndex, mNetwork);
+            processResponsePacket(recvbuf, length, mSocketKey);
         }
     }
 
@@ -220,10 +218,10 @@
                 instanceof Inet6Address;
         final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
                 instanceof Inet4Address;
-        final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, Network> activeSockets = getActiveSockets();
+        final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> activeSockets = getActiveSockets();
         for (int i = 0; i < activeSockets.size(); i++) {
             final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = activeSockets.keyAt(i);
-            final Network network = activeSockets.valueAt(i);
+            final Network network = activeSockets.valueAt(i).getNetwork();
             // Check ip capability and network before sending packet
             if (((isIpv6 && socket.hasJoinedIpv6()) || (isIpv4 && socket.hasJoinedIpv4()))
                     // Contrary to MdnsUtils.isNetworkMatched, only send packets targeting
@@ -239,8 +237,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void processResponsePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length, int interfaceIndex,
-            @NonNull Network network) {
+    private void processResponsePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
         int packetNumber = ++mReceivedPacketNumber;
 
         final MdnsPacket response;
@@ -250,14 +247,14 @@
             if (e.code != MdnsResponseErrorCode.ERROR_NOT_RESPONSE_MESSAGE) {
                 Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                 if (mCallback != null) {
-                    mCallback.onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(packetNumber, e.code, network);
+                    mCallback.onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(packetNumber, e.code, socketKey);
                 }
             }
             return;
         }
 
         if (mCallback != null) {
-            mCallback.onResponseReceived(response, interfaceIndex, network);
+            mCallback.onResponseReceived(response, socketKey);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
index 49a376c..bdc673e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
     private final MdnsSocketClientBase socketClient;
     private final MdnsResponseDecoder responseDecoder;
     private final ScheduledExecutorService executor;
-    @Nullable private final Network network;
+    @NonNull private final SocketKey socketKey;
     @NonNull private final SharedLog sharedLog;
     private final Object lock = new Object();
     private final ArrayMap<MdnsServiceBrowserListener, MdnsSearchOptions> listeners =
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@
             @NonNull String serviceType,
             @NonNull MdnsSocketClientBase socketClient,
             @NonNull ScheduledExecutorService executor,
-            @Nullable Network network,
+            @NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
             @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
-        this(serviceType, socketClient, executor, new MdnsResponseDecoder.Clock(), network,
+        this(serviceType, socketClient, executor, new MdnsResponseDecoder.Clock(), socketKey,
                 sharedLog);
     }
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
             @NonNull MdnsSocketClientBase socketClient,
             @NonNull ScheduledExecutorService executor,
             @NonNull MdnsResponseDecoder.Clock clock,
-            @Nullable Network network,
+            @NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
             @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
         this.serviceType = serviceType;
         this.socketClient = socketClient;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
         this.serviceTypeLabels = TextUtils.split(serviceType, "\\.");
         this.responseDecoder = new MdnsResponseDecoder(clock, serviceTypeLabels);
         this.clock = clock;
-        this.network = network;
+        this.socketKey = socketKey;
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
                     searchOptions.getSubtypes(),
                     searchOptions.isPassiveMode(),
                     currentSessionId,
-                    network);
+                    socketKey);
             if (hadReply) {
                 requestTaskFuture = scheduleNextRunLocked(taskConfig);
             } else {
@@ -348,6 +348,11 @@
             boolean after = response.isComplete();
             serviceBecomesComplete = !before && after;
         }
+        sharedLog.i(String.format(
+                "Handling response from service: %s, newServiceFound: %b, serviceBecomesComplete:"
+                        + " %b, responseIsComplete: %b",
+                serviceInstanceName, newServiceFound, serviceBecomesComplete,
+                response.isComplete()));
         MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo =
                 buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(response, serviceTypeLabels);
 
@@ -432,10 +437,10 @@
         private int burstCounter;
         private int timeToRunNextTaskInMs;
         private boolean isFirstBurst;
-        @Nullable private final Network network;
+        @NonNull private final SocketKey socketKey;
 
         QueryTaskConfig(@NonNull Collection<String> subtypes, boolean usePassiveMode,
-                long sessionId, @Nullable Network network) {
+                long sessionId, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
             this.usePassiveMode = usePassiveMode;
             this.subtypes = new ArrayList<>(subtypes);
             this.queriesPerBurst = QUERIES_PER_BURST;
@@ -457,7 +462,7 @@
                 // doubles until it maxes out at TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS.
                 this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
             }
-            this.network = network;
+            this.socketKey = socketKey;
         }
 
         QueryTaskConfig getConfigForNextRun() {
@@ -540,7 +545,7 @@
                 // Only the names are used to know which queries to send, other parameters like
                 // interfaceIndex do not matter.
                 servicesToResolve = makeResponsesForResolve(
-                        0 /* interfaceIndex */, config.network);
+                        0 /* interfaceIndex */, config.socketKey.getNetwork());
                 sendDiscoveryQueries = servicesToResolve.size() < listeners.size();
             }
             Pair<Integer, List<String>> result;
@@ -553,7 +558,7 @@
                                 config.subtypes,
                                 config.expectUnicastResponse,
                                 config.transactionId,
-                                config.network,
+                                config.socketKey.getNetwork(),
                                 sendDiscoveryQueries,
                                 servicesToResolve,
                                 clock)
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
index b982644..2b6e5d0 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("This socket client does not support requesting "
                     + "specific networks");
         }
-        socketCreationCallback.onSocketCreated(null);
+        socketCreationCallback.onSocketCreated(new SocketKey(multicastSocket.getInterfaceIndex()));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -456,7 +456,8 @@
             LOGGER.w(String.format("Error while decoding %s packet (%d): %d",
                     responseType, packetNumber, e.code));
             if (callback != null) {
-                callback.onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(packetNumber, e.code, network);
+                callback.onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(packetNumber, e.code,
+                        new SocketKey(network, interfaceIndex));
             }
             return e.code;
         }
@@ -466,7 +467,8 @@
         }
 
         if (callback != null) {
-            callback.onResponseReceived(response, interfaceIndex, network);
+            callback.onResponseReceived(
+                    response, new SocketKey(network, interfaceIndex));
         }
 
         return MdnsResponseErrorCode.SUCCESS;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
index e0762f9..a35925a 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
@@ -73,20 +73,19 @@
     /*** Callback for mdns response  */
     interface Callback {
         /*** Receive a mdns response */
-        void onResponseReceived(@NonNull MdnsPacket packet, int interfaceIndex,
-                @Nullable Network network);
+        void onResponseReceived(@NonNull MdnsPacket packet, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey);
 
         /*** Parse a mdns response failed */
         void onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(int receivedPacketNumber, int errorCode,
-                @Nullable Network network);
+                @NonNull SocketKey socketKey);
     }
 
     /*** Callback for requested socket creation  */
     interface SocketCreationCallback {
         /*** Notify requested socket is created */
-        void onSocketCreated(@Nullable Network network);
+        void onSocketCreated(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey);
 
         /*** Notify requested socket is destroyed */
-        void onAllSocketsDestroyed(@Nullable Network network);
+        void onAllSocketsDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey);
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
index d90f67f..3df6313 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
@@ -258,6 +258,11 @@
                 @NonNull final NetLinkMonitorCallBack cb) {
             return SocketNetLinkMonitorFactory.createNetLinkMonitor(handler, log, cb);
         }
+
+        /*** Get interface index by given socket */
+        public int getInterfaceIndex(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
+            return socket.getInterface().getIndex();
+        }
     }
     /**
      * The callback interface for the netlink monitor messages.
@@ -597,8 +602,10 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.size(); i++) {
             final Network requestedNetwork = mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.valueAt(i);
             if (isNetworkMatched(requestedNetwork, network)) {
-                mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.keyAt(i).onSocketCreated(network, socketInfo.mSocket,
-                        socketInfo.mAddresses);
+                final int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(socketInfo.mSocket);
+                final SocketKey socketKey = new SocketKey(network, ifaceIndex);
+                mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.keyAt(i).onSocketCreated(socketKey,
+                        socketInfo.mSocket, socketInfo.mAddresses);
                 mSocketRequestMonitor.onSocketRequestFulfilled(network, socketInfo.mSocket,
                         socketInfo.mTransports);
             }
@@ -609,7 +616,9 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.size(); i++) {
             final Network requestedNetwork = mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.valueAt(i);
             if (isNetworkMatched(requestedNetwork, network)) {
-                mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.keyAt(i).onInterfaceDestroyed(network, socket);
+                final int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(socket);
+                mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.keyAt(i)
+                        .onInterfaceDestroyed(new SocketKey(network, ifaceIndex), socket);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -619,8 +628,9 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.size(); i++) {
             final Network requestedNetwork = mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.valueAt(i);
             if (isNetworkMatched(requestedNetwork, network)) {
+                final int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(socket);
                 mCallbacksToRequestedNetworks.keyAt(i)
-                        .onAddressesChanged(network, socket, addresses);
+                        .onAddressesChanged(new SocketKey(network, ifaceIndex), socket, addresses);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -637,7 +647,9 @@
             createSocket(new NetworkAsKey(network), lp);
         } else {
             // Notify the socket for requested network.
-            cb.onSocketCreated(network, socketInfo.mSocket, socketInfo.mAddresses);
+            final int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(socketInfo.mSocket);
+            final SocketKey socketKey = new SocketKey(network, ifaceIndex);
+            cb.onSocketCreated(socketKey, socketInfo.mSocket, socketInfo.mAddresses);
             mSocketRequestMonitor.onSocketRequestFulfilled(network, socketInfo.mSocket,
                     socketInfo.mTransports);
         }
@@ -652,8 +664,9 @@
                     createLPForTetheredInterface(interfaceName, ifaceIndex));
         } else {
             // Notify the socket for requested network.
-            cb.onSocketCreated(
-                    null /* network */, socketInfo.mSocket, socketInfo.mAddresses);
+            final int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(socketInfo.mSocket);
+            final SocketKey socketKey = new SocketKey(ifaceIndex);
+            cb.onSocketCreated(socketKey, socketInfo.mSocket, socketInfo.mAddresses);
             mSocketRequestMonitor.onSocketRequestFulfilled(null /* socketNetwork */,
                     socketInfo.mSocket, socketInfo.mTransports);
         }
@@ -741,21 +754,21 @@
          * This may be called immediately when the request is registered with an existing socket,
          * if it had been created previously for other requests.
          */
-        default void onSocketCreated(@Nullable Network network, @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
-                @NonNull List<LinkAddress> addresses) {}
+        default void onSocketCreated(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
+                @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull List<LinkAddress> addresses) {}
 
         /**
          * Notify that the interface was destroyed, so the provided socket cannot be used anymore.
          *
          * This indicates that although the socket was still requested, it had to be destroyed.
          */
-        default void onInterfaceDestroyed(@Nullable Network network,
+        default void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {}
 
         /**
          * Notify the interface addresses have changed for the network.
          */
-        default void onAddressesChanged(@Nullable Network network,
+        default void onAddressesChanged(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull List<LinkAddress> addresses) {}
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/SocketKey.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/SocketKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a893acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/SocketKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.Network;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A class that identifies a socket.
+ *
+ * <p> A socket is typically created with an associated network. However, tethering interfaces do
+ * not have an associated network, only an interface index. This means that the socket cannot be
+ * identified in some places. Therefore, this class is necessary for identifying a socket. It
+ * includes both the network and interface index.
+ */
+public class SocketKey {
+    @Nullable
+    private final Network mNetwork;
+    private final int mInterfaceIndex;
+
+    SocketKey(int interfaceIndex) {
+        this(null /* network */, interfaceIndex);
+    }
+
+    SocketKey(@Nullable Network network, int interfaceIndex) {
+        mNetwork = network;
+        mInterfaceIndex = interfaceIndex;
+    }
+
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    public int getInterfaceIndex() {
+        return mInterfaceIndex;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mNetwork, mInterfaceIndex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+        if (!(other instanceof SocketKey)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return Objects.equals(mNetwork, ((SocketKey) other).mNetwork)
+                && mInterfaceIndex == ((SocketKey) other).mInterfaceIndex;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "SocketKey{ network=" + mNetwork + " interfaceIndex=" + mInterfaceIndex + " }";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
index 6776920..ece10f3 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
@@ -313,17 +313,12 @@
                 mIpClientShutdownCv.block();
             }
 
-            // At the time IpClient is stopped, an IpClient event may have already been posted on
-            // the back of the handler and is awaiting execution. Once that event is executed, the
-            // associated callback object may not be valid anymore
-            // (NetworkInterfaceState#mIpClientCallback points to a different object / null).
-            private boolean isCurrentCallback() {
-                return this == mIpClientCallback;
-            }
-
-            private void handleIpEvent(final @NonNull Runnable r) {
+            private void safelyPostOnHandler(Runnable r) {
                 mHandler.post(() -> {
-                    if (!isCurrentCallback()) {
+                    if (this != mIpClientCallback) {
+                        // At the time IpClient is stopped, an IpClient event may have already been
+                        // posted on the handler and is awaiting execution. Once that event is
+                        // executed, the associated callback object may not be valid anymore.
                         Log.i(TAG, "Ignoring stale IpClientCallbacks " + this);
                         return;
                     }
@@ -333,24 +328,24 @@
 
             @Override
             public void onProvisioningSuccess(LinkProperties newLp) {
-                handleIpEvent(() -> onIpLayerStarted(newLp));
+                safelyPostOnHandler(() -> onIpLayerStarted(newLp));
             }
 
             @Override
             public void onProvisioningFailure(LinkProperties newLp) {
                 // This cannot happen due to provisioning timeout, because our timeout is 0. It can
                 // happen due to errors while provisioning or on provisioning loss.
-                handleIpEvent(() -> onIpLayerStopped());
+                safelyPostOnHandler(() -> onIpLayerStopped());
             }
 
             @Override
             public void onLinkPropertiesChange(LinkProperties newLp) {
-                handleIpEvent(() -> updateLinkProperties(newLp));
+                safelyPostOnHandler(() -> updateLinkProperties(newLp));
             }
 
             @Override
             public void onReachabilityLost(String logMsg) {
-                handleIpEvent(() -> updateNeighborLostEvent(logMsg));
+                safelyPostOnHandler(() -> updateNeighborLostEvent(logMsg));
             }
 
             @Override
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 447dbf4..39a500c 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -318,7 +318,6 @@
 import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.Writer;
-import java.lang.IllegalArgumentException;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@@ -4010,7 +4009,7 @@
                     // the destroyed flag is only just above the "current satisfier wins"
                     // tie-breaker. But technically anything that affects scoring should rematch.
                     rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
-                    mHandler.postDelayed(() -> nai.disconnect(), timeoutMs);
+                    mHandler.postDelayed(() -> disconnectAndDestroyNetwork(nai), timeoutMs);
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -4609,6 +4608,9 @@
         if (DBG) {
             log(nai.toShortString() + " disconnected, was satisfying " + nai.numNetworkRequests());
         }
+
+        nai.disconnect();
+
         // Clear all notifications of this network.
         mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.getNetId());
         // A network agent has disconnected.
@@ -5893,7 +5895,7 @@
                     final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork((Network) msg.obj);
                     if (nai == null) break;
                     nai.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
-                    nai.disconnect();
+                    disconnectAndDestroyNetwork(nai);
                     break;
                 case EVENT_SET_VPN_NETWORK_PREFERENCE:
                     handleSetVpnNetworkPreference((VpnNetworkPreferenceInfo) msg.obj);
@@ -9038,7 +9040,7 @@
                 break;
             }
         }
-        nai.disconnect();
+        disconnectAndDestroyNetwork(nai);
     }
 
     private void handleLingerComplete(NetworkAgentInfo oldNetwork) {
@@ -9580,7 +9582,10 @@
         updateLegacyTypeTrackerAndVpnLockdownForRematch(changes, nais);
 
         // Tear down all unneeded networks.
-        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+        // Iterate in reverse order because teardownUnneededNetwork removes the nai from
+        // mNetworkAgentInfos.
+        for (int i = mNetworkAgentInfos.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = mNetworkAgentInfos.valueAt(i);
             if (unneeded(nai, UnneededFor.TEARDOWN)) {
                 if (nai.getInactivityExpiry() > 0) {
                     // This network has active linger timers and no requests, but is not
@@ -9963,7 +9968,6 @@
             // This has to happen after matching the requests, because callbacks are just requests.
             notifyNetworkCallbacks(networkAgent, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_PRECHECK);
         } else if (state == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED) {
-            networkAgent.disconnect();
             if (networkAgent.isVPN()) {
                 updateVpnUids(networkAgent, networkAgent.networkCapabilities, null);
             }
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
index 1f04fb8..dde1d86 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.assertEqualBothWays
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) @ConnectivityModuleTest
     fun testConstructor_afterR() {
         // v4 mapped v6 will be translated to a v4 address.
         assertFailsWith<InvalidPacketException> {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
index 51ee074..1276d59 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
         "NetworkStackApiStableShims",
     ],
     jni_uses_sdk_apis: true,
-    min_sdk_version: "29",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
 
 // Networking CTS tests that target the latest released SDK. These tests can be installed on release
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
index 8f0d78f..a421349 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@
         "liblog",
     ],
     stl: "libc++_static",
-    // To be compatible with Q devices, the min_sdk_version must be 29.
+    // To be compatible with R devices, the min_sdk_version must be 30.
     sdk_version: "current",
-    min_sdk_version: "29",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
 
 cc_library_shared {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
index 49b9337..2469710 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
         "libbase",
         "libnetdutils",
     ],
-    // To be compatible with Q devices, the min_sdk_version must be 29.
-    min_sdk_version: "29",
+    // To be compatible with R devices, the min_sdk_version must be 30.
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
 
 cc_test {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index ee2f6bb..1411a37 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -3410,6 +3410,7 @@
 
     private void checkFirewallBlocking(final DatagramSocket srcSock, final DatagramSocket dstSock,
             final boolean expectBlock, final int chain) throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
         final Random random = new Random();
         final byte[] sendData = new byte[100];
         random.nextBytes(sendData);
@@ -3425,7 +3426,8 @@
             fail("Expect not to be blocked by firewall but sending packet was blocked:"
                     + " chain=" + chain
                     + " chainEnabled=" + mCm.getFirewallChainEnabled(chain)
-                    + " uidFirewallRule=" + mCm.getUidFirewallRule(chain, Process.myUid()));
+                    + " uid=" + uid
+                    + " uidFirewallRule=" + mCm.getUidFirewallRule(chain, uid));
         }
 
         dstSock.receive(pkt);
@@ -3435,7 +3437,8 @@
             fail("Expect to be blocked by firewall but sending packet was not blocked:"
                     + " chain=" + chain
                     + " chainEnabled=" + mCm.getFirewallChainEnabled(chain)
-                    + " uidFirewallRule=" + mCm.getUidFirewallRule(chain, Process.myUid()));
+                    + " uid=" + uid
+                    + " uidFirewallRule=" + mCm.getUidFirewallRule(chain, uid));
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index cf5fc50..9f8a05d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -1247,15 +1247,15 @@
 
         // Connect a third network. Because network1 is awaiting replacement, network3 is preferred
         // as soon as it validates (until then, it is outscored by network1).
-        // The fact that the first events seen by matchAllCallback is the connection of network3
+        // The fact that the first event seen by matchAllCallback is the connection of network3
         // implicitly ensures that no callbacks are sent since network1 was lost.
         val (agent3, network3) = connectNetwork()
-        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network3)
-        testCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(network3)
-
         // As soon as the replacement arrives, network1 is disconnected.
         // Check that this happens before the replacement timeout (5 seconds) fires.
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(network3, validated = false)
         matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(network1, 2_000 /* timeoutMs */)
+        matchAllCallback.expectCaps(network3) { it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED) }
+        testCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(network3)
         agent1.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
 
         // Test lingering:
@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@
         val callback = TestableNetworkCallback()
         requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier = specifier6), callback)
         val agent6 = createNetworkAgent(specifier = specifier6)
-        val network6 = agent6.register()
+        agent6.register()
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) {
             agent6.expectCallback<OnNetworkCreated>()
         } else {
@@ -1368,8 +1368,9 @@
 
         val (newWifiAgent, newWifiNetwork) = connectNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
         testCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(newWifiNetwork, validated = true)
-        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(newWifiNetwork)
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(newWifiNetwork, validated = false)
         matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(wifiNetwork)
+        matchAllCallback.expectCaps(newWifiNetwork) { it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED) }
         wifiAgent.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/mts/Android.bp b/tests/mts/Android.bp
index 74fee3d..6425223 100644
--- a/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -38,5 +38,5 @@
         "bpf_existence_test.cpp",
     ],
     compile_multilib: "first",
-    min_sdk_version: "29",  // Ensure test runs on Q and above.
+    min_sdk_version: "30",  // Ensure test runs on R and above.
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
index 6afa4e9..7e245dc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
@@ -168,12 +168,6 @@
         assertEquals(resultData.rcvWndScale, wndScale);
         assertEquals(resultData.tos, tos);
         assertEquals(resultData.ttl, ttl);
-
-        final String expected = TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable.class.getName()
-                + "{srcAddress: [10, 0, 0, 1],"
-                + " srcPort: 1234, dstAddress: [10, 0, 0, 5], dstPort: 4321, seq: 286331153,"
-                + " ack: 572662306, rcvWnd: 48000, rcvWndScale: 2, tos: 4, ttl: 64}";
-        assertEquals(expected, resultData.toString());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 8f3e097..644910c 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -2946,22 +2946,24 @@
         if (expectLingering) {
             generalCb.expectLosing(net1);
         }
-        generalCb.expectCaps(net2, c -> c.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
-        defaultCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(net2);
 
         // Make sure cell 1 is unwanted immediately if the radio can't time share, but only
         // after some delay if it can.
         if (expectLingering) {
+            generalCb.expectCaps(net2, c -> c.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+            defaultCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(net2);
             net1.assertNotDisconnected(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS); // always incurs the timeout
             generalCb.assertNoCallback();
             // assertNotDisconnected waited for TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, so waiting for the
             // linger period gives TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS time for the event to process.
             net1.expectDisconnected(UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS);
+            generalCb.expect(LOST, net1);
         } else {
             net1.expectDisconnected(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            generalCb.expect(LOST, net1);
+            generalCb.expectCaps(net2, c -> c.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+            defaultCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(net2);
         }
-        net1.disconnect();
-        generalCb.expect(LOST, net1);
 
         // Remove primary from net 2
         net2.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().build());
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
index d9acc61..c467f45 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
 private val TEST_ADDR = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")
 private val TEST_LINKADDR = LinkAddress(TEST_ADDR, 64 /* prefixLength */)
 private val TEST_NETWORK_1 = mock(Network::class.java)
-private val TEST_NETWORK_2 = mock(Network::class.java)
+private val TEST_SOCKETKEY_1 = mock(SocketKey::class.java)
+private val TEST_SOCKETKEY_2 = mock(SocketKey::class.java)
 private val TEST_HOSTNAME = arrayOf("Android_test", "local")
 private const val TEST_SUBTYPE = "_subtype"
 
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@
         verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(TEST_NETWORK_1), socketCbCaptor.capture())
 
         val socketCb = socketCbCaptor.value
-        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_NETWORK_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
 
         val intAdvCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.Callback::class.java)
         verify(mockDeps).makeAdvertiser(
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@
                 mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1) }
         verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(eq(SERVICE_ID_1), argThat { it.matches(SERVICE_1) })
 
-        postSync { socketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_NETWORK_1, mockSocket1) }
+        postSync { socketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1) }
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).destroyNow()
     }
 
@@ -177,8 +178,8 @@
                 socketCbCaptor.capture())
 
         val socketCb = socketCbCaptor.value
-        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_NETWORK_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
-        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_NETWORK_2, mockSocket2, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_2, mockSocket2, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
 
         val intAdvCbCaptor1 = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.Callback::class.java)
         val intAdvCbCaptor2 = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.Callback::class.java)
@@ -241,8 +242,8 @@
 
         // Callbacks for matching network and all networks both get the socket
         postSync {
-            oneNetSocketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_NETWORK_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR))
-            allNetSocketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_NETWORK_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR))
+            oneNetSocketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR))
+            allNetSocketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR))
         }
 
         val expectedRenamed = NsdServiceInfo(
@@ -294,8 +295,8 @@
         verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(eq(SERVICE_ID_2),
                 argThat { it.matches(expectedRenamed) })
 
-        postSync { oneNetSocketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_NETWORK_1, mockSocket1) }
-        postSync { allNetSocketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_NETWORK_1, mockSocket1) }
+        postSync { oneNetSocketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1) }
+        postSync { allNetSocketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1) }
 
         // destroyNow can be called multiple times
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, atLeastOnce()).destroyNow()
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java
index a24664e..d2298fe 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManagerTests.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
@@ -65,17 +64,22 @@
     private static final String SERVICE_TYPE_2 = "_test._tcp.local";
     private static final Network NETWORK_1 = Mockito.mock(Network.class);
     private static final Network NETWORK_2 = Mockito.mock(Network.class);
-    private static final Pair<String, Network> PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NULL_NETWORK =
-            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_1, null);
-    private static final Pair<String, Network> PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NETWORK_1 =
-            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_1, NETWORK_1);
-    private static final Pair<String, Network> PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NULL_NETWORK =
-            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_2, null);
-    private static final Pair<String, Network> PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_1 =
-            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_2, NETWORK_1);
-    private static final Pair<String, Network> PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_2 =
-            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_2, NETWORK_2);
-
+    private static final SocketKey SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK =
+            new SocketKey(null /* network */, 999 /* interfaceIndex */);
+    private static final SocketKey SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1 =
+            new SocketKey(NETWORK_1, 998 /* interfaceIndex */);
+    private static final SocketKey SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2 =
+            new SocketKey(NETWORK_2, 997 /* interfaceIndex */);
+    private static final Pair<String, SocketKey> PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NULL_NETWORK =
+            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_1, SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK);
+    private static final Pair<String, SocketKey> PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NULL_NETWORK =
+            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_2, SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK);
+    private static final Pair<String, SocketKey> PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NETWORK_1 =
+            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_1, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1);
+    private static final Pair<String, SocketKey> PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_1 =
+            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_2, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1);
+    private static final Pair<String, SocketKey> PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_2 =
+            Pair.create(SERVICE_TYPE_2, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2);
     @Mock private ExecutorProvider executorProvider;
     @Mock private MdnsSocketClientBase socketClient;
     @Mock private MdnsServiceTypeClient mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork;
@@ -104,22 +108,22 @@
                 sharedLog) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsServiceTypeClient createServiceTypeClient(@NonNull String serviceType,
-                            @Nullable Network network) {
-                        final Pair<String, Network> perNetworkServiceType =
-                                Pair.create(serviceType, network);
-                        if (perNetworkServiceType.equals(PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NULL_NETWORK)) {
+                            @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+                        final Pair<String, SocketKey> perSocketServiceType =
+                                Pair.create(serviceType, socketKey);
+                        if (perSocketServiceType.equals(PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NULL_NETWORK)) {
                             return mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork;
-                        } else if (perNetworkServiceType.equals(
-                                PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NETWORK_1)) {
+                        } else if (perSocketServiceType.equals(
+                                PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_1_NETWORK_1)) {
                             return mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1;
-                        } else if (perNetworkServiceType.equals(
-                                PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NULL_NETWORK)) {
+                        } else if (perSocketServiceType.equals(
+                                PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NULL_NETWORK)) {
                             return mockServiceTypeClientType2NullNetwork;
-                        } else if (perNetworkServiceType.equals(
-                                PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_1)) {
+                        } else if (perSocketServiceType.equals(
+                                PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_1)) {
                             return mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1;
-                        } else if (perNetworkServiceType.equals(
-                                PER_NETWORK_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_2)) {
+                        } else if (perSocketServiceType.equals(
+                                PER_SOCKET_SERVICE_TYPE_2_NETWORK_2)) {
                             return mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2;
                         }
                         return null;
@@ -156,7 +160,7 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().setNetwork(null /* network */).build();
         final SocketCreationCallback callback = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_1, mockListenerOne, options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, options);
 
         when(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork.stopSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne))
@@ -172,16 +176,16 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().setNetwork(null /* network */).build();
         final SocketCreationCallback callback = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_1, mockListenerOne, options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(NETWORK_1));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1).startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, options);
 
         final SocketCreationCallback callback2 = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_2, mockListenerTwo, options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(null /* network */));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2NullNetwork).startSendAndReceive(mockListenerTwo, options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(NETWORK_2));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2).startSendAndReceive(mockListenerTwo, options);
     }
 
@@ -191,49 +195,48 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().setNetwork(null /* network */).build();
         final SocketCreationCallback callback = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_1, mockListenerOne, options1);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).startSendAndReceive(
                 mockListenerOne, options1);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(NETWORK_1));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1).startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, options1);
 
         final MdnsSearchOptions options2 =
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().setNetwork(NETWORK_2).build();
         final SocketCreationCallback callback2 = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_2, mockListenerTwo, options2);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(NETWORK_2));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2).startSendAndReceive(mockListenerTwo, options2);
 
         final MdnsPacket responseForServiceTypeOne = createMdnsPacket(SERVICE_TYPE_1);
-        final int ifIndex = 1;
         runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                responseForServiceTypeOne, ifIndex, null /* network */));
+                responseForServiceTypeOne, SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         // Packets for network null are only processed by the ServiceTypeClient for network null
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).processResponse(responseForServiceTypeOne,
-                ifIndex, null /* network */);
+                SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK.getNetwork());
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1, never()).processResponse(any(), anyInt(), any());
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2, never()).processResponse(any(), anyInt(), any());
 
         final MdnsPacket responseForServiceTypeTwo = createMdnsPacket(SERVICE_TYPE_2);
         runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                responseForServiceTypeTwo, ifIndex, NETWORK_1));
+                responseForServiceTypeTwo, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork, never()).processResponse(any(), anyInt(),
-                eq(NETWORK_1));
+                eq(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork()));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1).processResponse(responseForServiceTypeTwo,
-                ifIndex, NETWORK_1);
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork());
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2, never()).processResponse(any(), anyInt(),
-                eq(NETWORK_1));
+                eq(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork()));
 
         final MdnsPacket responseForSubtype =
                 createMdnsPacket("subtype._sub._googlecast._tcp.local");
         runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                responseForSubtype, ifIndex, NETWORK_2));
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork, never()).processResponse(
-                any(), anyInt(), eq(NETWORK_2));
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1, never()).processResponse(
-                any(), anyInt(), eq(NETWORK_2));
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2).processResponse(
-                responseForSubtype, ifIndex, NETWORK_2);
+                responseForSubtype, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2));
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork, never()).processResponse(any(), anyInt(),
+                eq(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2.getNetwork()));
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1, never()).processResponse(any(), anyInt(),
+                eq(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2.getNetwork()));
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network2).processResponse(responseForSubtype,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2.getNetwork());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -243,55 +246,53 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().setNetwork(NETWORK_1).build();
         final SocketCreationCallback callback = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_1, mockListenerOne, network1Options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(NETWORK_1));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1).startSendAndReceive(
                 mockListenerOne, network1Options);
 
         // Create a ServiceTypeClient for SERVICE_TYPE_2 and NETWORK_1
         final SocketCreationCallback callback2 = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_2, mockListenerTwo, network1Options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(NETWORK_1));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1).startSendAndReceive(
                 mockListenerTwo, network1Options);
 
         // Receive a response, it should be processed on both clients.
         final MdnsPacket response = createMdnsPacket(SERVICE_TYPE_1);
-        final int ifIndex = 1;
-        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1));
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1).processResponse(response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1);
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1).processResponse(response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1);
+        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(response, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork());
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork());
 
         // The first callback receives a notification that the network has been destroyed,
         // mockServiceTypeClientOne1 should send service removed notifications and remove from the
         // list of clients.
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onAllSocketsDestroyed(NETWORK_1));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onAllSocketsDestroyed(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1).notifySocketDestroyed();
 
         // Receive a response again, it should be processed only on
         // mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1. Because the mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1 is
         // removed from the list of clients, it is no longer able to process responses.
-        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1));
+        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(response, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
         // Still times(1) as a response was received once previously
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1, times(1))
-                .processResponse(response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1);
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1, times(2))
-                .processResponse(response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1);
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1, times(1)).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork());
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1, times(2)).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork());
 
         // The client for NETWORK_1 receives the callback that the NETWORK_2 has been destroyed,
         // mockServiceTypeClientTwo2 shouldn't send any notifications.
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onAllSocketsDestroyed(NETWORK_2));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback2.onAllSocketsDestroyed(SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_2));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1, never()).notifySocketDestroyed();
 
         // Receive a response again, mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1 is still in the list of
         // clients, it's still able to process responses.
-        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1));
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1, times(1))
-                .processResponse(response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1);
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1, times(3))
-                .processResponse(response, ifIndex, NETWORK_1);
+        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(response, SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1));
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1Network1, times(1)).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork());
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType2Network1, times(3)).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NETWORK_1.getNetwork());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -301,27 +302,25 @@
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().setNetwork(null /* network */).build();
         final SocketCreationCallback callback = expectSocketCreationCallback(
                 SERVICE_TYPE_1, mockListenerOne, network1Options);
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onSocketCreated(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).startSendAndReceive(
                 mockListenerOne, network1Options);
 
         // Receive a response, it should be processed on the client.
         final MdnsPacket response = createMdnsPacket(SERVICE_TYPE_1);
         final int ifIndex = 1;
-        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                response, ifIndex, null /* network */));
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).processResponse(
-                response, ifIndex, null /* network */);
+        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(response, SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK.getNetwork());
 
-        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onAllSocketsDestroyed(null /* network */));
+        runOnHandler(() -> callback.onAllSocketsDestroyed(SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork).notifySocketDestroyed();
 
         // Receive a response again, it should not be processed.
-        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(
-                response, ifIndex, null /* network */));
+        runOnHandler(() -> discoveryManager.onResponseReceived(response, SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK));
         // Still times(1) as a response was received once previously
-        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork, times(1))
-                .processResponse(response, ifIndex, null /* network */);
+        verify(mockServiceTypeClientType1NullNetwork, times(1)).processResponse(response,
+                SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK.getInterfaceIndex(), SOCKET_KEY_NULL_NETWORK.getNetwork());
 
         // Unregister the listener, notifyNetworkUnrequested should be called but other stop methods
         // won't be call because the service type client was unregistered and destroyed. But those
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
index 87ba5d7..f7ef077 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
@@ -68,12 +67,15 @@
     @Mock private MdnsServiceBrowserListener mListener;
     @Mock private MdnsSocketClientBase.Callback mCallback;
     @Mock private SocketCreationCallback mSocketCreationCallback;
+    @Mock private SocketKey mSocketKey;
     private MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient mSocketClient;
     private Handler mHandler;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws SocketException {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        doReturn(mNetwork).when(mSocketKey).getNetwork();
+
         final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest");
         thread.start();
         mHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
@@ -123,13 +125,17 @@
             doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(socket).getInterface();
         }
 
+        final SocketKey tetherSocketKey1 = mock(SocketKey.class);
+        final SocketKey tetherSocketKey2 = mock(SocketKey.class);
+        doReturn(null).when(tetherSocketKey1).getNetwork();
+        doReturn(null).when(tetherSocketKey2).getNetwork();
         // Notify socket created
-        callback.onSocketCreated(mNetwork, mSocket, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mNetwork);
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null, tetherIfaceSock1, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(null);
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null, tetherIfaceSock2, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, times(2)).onSocketCreated(null);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(tetherSocketKey1, tetherIfaceSock1, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(tetherSocketKey1);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(tetherSocketKey2, tetherIfaceSock2, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(tetherSocketKey2);
 
         // Send packet to IPv4 with target network and verify sending has been called.
         mSocketClient.sendMulticastPacket(ipv4Packet, mNetwork);
@@ -164,8 +170,8 @@
 
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(mSocket).getInterface();
         // Notify socket created
-        callback.onSocketCreated(mNetwork, mSocket, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mNetwork);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
 
         final ArgumentCaptor<PacketHandler> handlerCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(PacketHandler.class);
@@ -176,7 +182,7 @@
         handler.handlePacket(data, data.length, null /* src */);
         final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsPacket> responseCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsPacket.class);
-        verify(mCallback).onResponseReceived(responseCaptor.capture(), anyInt(), any());
+        verify(mCallback).onResponseReceived(responseCaptor.capture(), any());
         final MdnsPacket response = responseCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(0, response.questions.size());
         assertEquals(0, response.additionalRecords.size());
@@ -214,11 +220,14 @@
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(socket2).getInterface();
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(socket3).getInterface();
 
-        callback.onSocketCreated(mNetwork, mSocket, List.of());
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null, socket2, List.of());
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null, socket3, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mNetwork);
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, times(2)).onSocketCreated(null);
+        final SocketKey socketKey2 = mock(SocketKey.class);
+        final SocketKey socketKey3 = mock(SocketKey.class);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        callback.onSocketCreated(socketKey2, socket2, List.of());
+        callback.onSocketCreated(socketKey3, socket3, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(socketKey2);
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(socketKey3);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet on the non-null Network and verify sending has been called.
         mSocketClient.sendMulticastPacket(ipv4Packet, mNetwork);
@@ -241,11 +250,12 @@
         final SocketCallback callback2 = callback2Captor.getAllValues().get(1);
 
         // Notify socket created for all networks.
-        callback2.onSocketCreated(mNetwork, mSocket, List.of());
-        callback2.onSocketCreated(null, socket2, List.of());
-        callback2.onSocketCreated(null, socket3, List.of());
-        verify(socketCreationCb2).onSocketCreated(mNetwork);
-        verify(socketCreationCb2, times(2)).onSocketCreated(null);
+        callback2.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        callback2.onSocketCreated(socketKey2, socket2, List.of());
+        callback2.onSocketCreated(socketKey3, socket3, List.of());
+        verify(socketCreationCb2).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        verify(socketCreationCb2).onSocketCreated(socketKey2);
+        verify(socketCreationCb2).onSocketCreated(socketKey3);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet to null network and verify sending to the 2 tethered interface sockets.
         mSocketClient.sendMulticastPacket(ipv4Packet, null);
@@ -286,17 +296,17 @@
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(mSocket).getInterface();
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(otherSocket).getInterface();
 
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */, mSocket, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(null);
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */, otherSocket, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, times(2)).onSocketCreated(null);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, otherSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, times(2)).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
 
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, never()).onAllSocketsDestroyed(null /* network */);
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, never()).onAllSocketsDestroyed(mSocketKey);
         mHandler.post(() -> mSocketClient.notifyNetworkUnrequested(mListener));
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
 
         verify(mProvider).unrequestSocket(callback);
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onAllSocketsDestroyed(null /* network */);
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onAllSocketsDestroyed(mSocketKey);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -306,15 +316,15 @@
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(mSocket).getInterface();
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(otherSocket).getInterface();
 
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */, mSocket, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(null);
-        callback.onSocketCreated(null /* network */, otherSocket, List.of());
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, times(2)).onSocketCreated(null);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, otherSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback, times(2)).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
 
         // Notify socket destroyed
-        callback.onInterfaceDestroyed(null /* network */, mSocket);
+        callback.onInterfaceDestroyed(mSocketKey, mSocket);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mSocketCreationCallback);
-        callback.onInterfaceDestroyed(null /* network */, otherSocket);
-        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onAllSocketsDestroyed(null /* network */);
+        callback.onInterfaceDestroyed(mSocketKey, otherSocket);
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onAllSocketsDestroyed(mSocketKey);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
index d1adecf..635a1d4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@
     private FakeExecutor currentThreadExecutor = new FakeExecutor();
 
     private MdnsServiceTypeClient client;
+    private SocketKey socketKey;
 
     @Before
     @SuppressWarnings("DoNotMock")
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@
         expectedIPv4Packets = new DatagramPacket[16];
         expectedIPv6Packets = new DatagramPacket[16];
         expectedSendFutures = new ScheduledFuture<?>[16];
+        socketKey = new SocketKey(mockNetwork, INTERFACE_INDEX);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < expectedSendFutures.length; ++i) {
             expectedIPv4Packets[i] = new DatagramPacket(buf, 0 /* offset */, 5 /* length */,
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@
 
         client =
                 new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog) {
+                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
                         return mockPacketWriter;
@@ -325,7 +327,7 @@
         MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype("12345").setIsPassiveMode(false).build();
         QueryTaskConfig config = new QueryTaskConfig(
-                searchOptions.getSubtypes(), searchOptions.isPassiveMode(), 1, mockNetwork);
+                searchOptions.getSubtypes(), searchOptions.isPassiveMode(), 1, socketKey);
 
         // This is the first query. We will ask for unicast response.
         assertTrue(config.expectUnicastResponse);
@@ -354,7 +356,7 @@
         MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions =
                 MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder().addSubtype("12345").setIsPassiveMode(false).build();
         QueryTaskConfig config = new QueryTaskConfig(
-                searchOptions.getSubtypes(), searchOptions.isPassiveMode(), 1, mockNetwork);
+                searchOptions.getSubtypes(), searchOptions.isPassiveMode(), 1, socketKey);
 
         // This is the first query. We will ask for unicast response.
         assertTrue(config.expectUnicastResponse);
@@ -508,9 +510,9 @@
 
         // Process a second response with a different port and updated text attributes.
         client.processResponse(createResponse(
-                "service-instance-1", ipV4Address, 5354,
-                /* subtype= */ "ABCDE",
-                Collections.singletonMap("key", "value"), TEST_TTL),
+                        "service-instance-1", ipV4Address, 5354,
+                        /* subtype= */ "ABCDE",
+                        Collections.singletonMap("key", "value"), TEST_TTL),
                 /* interfaceIndex= */ 20, mockNetwork);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered was called once for the initial response.
@@ -563,9 +565,9 @@
 
         // Process a second response with a different port and updated text attributes.
         client.processResponse(createResponse(
-                "service-instance-1", ipV6Address, 5354,
-                /* subtype= */ "ABCDE",
-                Collections.singletonMap("key", "value"), TEST_TTL),
+                        "service-instance-1", ipV6Address, 5354,
+                        /* subtype= */ "ABCDE",
+                        Collections.singletonMap("key", "value"), TEST_TTL),
                 /* interfaceIndex= */ 20, mockNetwork);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered was called once for the initial response.
@@ -709,7 +711,7 @@
         final String serviceInstanceName = "service-instance-1";
         client =
                 new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog) {
+                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
                         return mockPacketWriter;
@@ -750,7 +752,7 @@
         final String serviceInstanceName = "service-instance-1";
         client =
                 new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog) {
+                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
                         return mockPacketWriter;
@@ -783,7 +785,7 @@
         final String serviceInstanceName = "service-instance-1";
         client =
                 new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                        mockDecoderClock, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog) {
+                        mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog) {
                     @Override
                     MdnsPacketWriter createMdnsPacketWriter() {
                         return mockPacketWriter;
@@ -835,8 +837,8 @@
 
         // Process the last response which is goodbye message (with the main type, not subtype).
         client.processResponse(createResponse(
-                serviceName, ipV6Address, 5354, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
-                Collections.singletonMap("key", "value"), /* ptrTtlMillis= */ 0L),
+                        serviceName, ipV6Address, 5354, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                        Collections.singletonMap("key", "value"), /* ptrTtlMillis= */ 0L),
                 INTERFACE_INDEX, mockNetwork);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered was first called for the initial response.
@@ -908,7 +910,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testProcessResponse_Resolve() throws Exception {
         client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(
-                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog);
+                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, socketKey, mockSharedLog);
 
         final String instanceName = "service-instance";
         final String[] hostname = new String[] { "testhost "};
@@ -998,7 +1000,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testRenewTxtSrvInResolve() throws Exception {
         client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog);
+                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog);
 
         final String instanceName = "service-instance";
         final String[] hostname = new String[] { "testhost "};
@@ -1102,7 +1104,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testProcessResponse_ResolveExcludesOtherServices() {
         client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(
-                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog);
+                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, socketKey, mockSharedLog);
 
         final String requestedInstance = "instance1";
         final String otherInstance = "instance2";
@@ -1119,13 +1121,13 @@
 
         // Complete response from instanceName
         client.processResponse(createResponse(
-                requestedInstance, ipV4Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                        requestedInstance, ipV4Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
                         Collections.emptyMap() /* textAttributes */, TEST_TTL),
                 INTERFACE_INDEX, mockNetwork);
 
         // Complete response from otherInstanceName
         client.processResponse(createResponse(
-                otherInstance, ipV4Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                        otherInstance, ipV4Address, 5353, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
                         Collections.emptyMap() /* textAttributes */, TEST_TTL),
                 INTERFACE_INDEX, mockNetwork);
 
@@ -1166,7 +1168,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testProcessResponse_SubtypeDiscoveryLimitedToSubtype() {
         client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(
-                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog);
+                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, socketKey, mockSharedLog);
 
         final String matchingInstance = "instance1";
         final String subtype = "_subtype";
@@ -1247,7 +1249,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testNotifySocketDestroyed() throws Exception {
         client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(
-                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, mockNetwork, mockSharedLog);
+                SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor, socketKey, mockSharedLog);
 
         final String requestedInstance = "instance1";
         final String otherInstance = "instance2";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
index abb1747..e30c249 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
 
         verify(mockCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT).atLeast(1))
-                .onResponseReceived(any(MdnsPacket.class), anyInt(), any());
+                .onResponseReceived(any(MdnsPacket.class), any(SocketKey.class));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
 
         verify(mockCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT).atLeastOnce())
-                .onResponseReceived(any(MdnsPacket.class), anyInt(), any());
+                .onResponseReceived(any(MdnsPacket.class), any(SocketKey.class));
 
         mdnsClient.stopDiscovery();
     }
@@ -513,7 +514,7 @@
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
 
         verify(mockCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT).atLeastOnce())
-                .onResponseReceived(any(), eq(21), any());
+                .onResponseReceived(any(), argThat(key -> key.getInterfaceIndex() == 21));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -536,6 +537,7 @@
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
 
         verify(mockMulticastSocket, never()).getInterfaceIndex();
-        verify(mockCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT).atLeast(1)).onResponseReceived(any(), eq(-1), any());
+        verify(mockCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT).atLeast(1))
+                .onResponseReceived(any(), argThat(key -> key.getInterfaceIndex() == -1));
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java
index 4ef64cb..0eac5ec 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@
                 TETHERED_IFACE_NAME);
         doReturn(789).when(mDeps).getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(
                 WIFI_P2P_IFACE_NAME);
+        doReturn(TETHERED_IFACE_IDX).when(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(any());
         final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("MdnsSocketProviderTest");
         thread.start();
         mHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
@@ -227,30 +228,30 @@
 
     private class TestSocketCallback implements MdnsSocketProvider.SocketCallback {
         private class SocketEvent {
-            public final Network mNetwork;
+            public final SocketKey mSocketKey;
             public final List<LinkAddress> mAddresses;
 
-            SocketEvent(Network network, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
-                mNetwork = network;
+            SocketEvent(SocketKey socketKey, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
+                mSocketKey = socketKey;
                 mAddresses = Collections.unmodifiableList(addresses);
             }
         }
 
         private class SocketCreatedEvent extends SocketEvent {
-            SocketCreatedEvent(Network nw, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
-                super(nw, addresses);
+            SocketCreatedEvent(SocketKey socketKey, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
+                super(socketKey, addresses);
             }
         }
 
         private class InterfaceDestroyedEvent extends SocketEvent {
-            InterfaceDestroyedEvent(Network nw, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
-                super(nw, addresses);
+            InterfaceDestroyedEvent(SocketKey socketKey, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
+                super(socketKey, addresses);
             }
         }
 
         private class AddressesChangedEvent extends SocketEvent {
-            AddressesChangedEvent(Network nw, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
-                super(nw, addresses);
+            AddressesChangedEvent(SocketKey socketKey, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
+                super(socketKey, addresses);
             }
         }
 
@@ -258,27 +259,27 @@
                 new ArrayTrackRecord<SocketEvent>().newReadHead();
 
         @Override
-        public void onSocketCreated(Network network, MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
+        public void onSocketCreated(SocketKey socketKey, MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
                 List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
-            mHistory.add(new SocketCreatedEvent(network, addresses));
+            mHistory.add(new SocketCreatedEvent(socketKey, addresses));
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onInterfaceDestroyed(Network network, MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            mHistory.add(new InterfaceDestroyedEvent(network, List.of()));
+        public void onInterfaceDestroyed(SocketKey socketKey, MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
+            mHistory.add(new InterfaceDestroyedEvent(socketKey, List.of()));
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onAddressesChanged(Network network, MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
+        public void onAddressesChanged(SocketKey socketKey, MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
                 List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
-            mHistory.add(new AddressesChangedEvent(network, addresses));
+            mHistory.add(new AddressesChangedEvent(socketKey, addresses));
         }
 
         public void expectedSocketCreatedForNetwork(Network network, List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
             final SocketEvent event = mHistory.poll(0L /* timeoutMs */, c -> true);
             assertNotNull(event);
             assertTrue(event instanceof SocketCreatedEvent);
-            assertEquals(network, event.mNetwork);
+            assertEquals(network, event.mSocketKey.getNetwork());
             assertEquals(addresses, event.mAddresses);
         }
 
@@ -286,7 +287,7 @@
             final SocketEvent event = mHistory.poll(0L /* timeoutMs */, c -> true);
             assertNotNull(event);
             assertTrue(event instanceof InterfaceDestroyedEvent);
-            assertEquals(network, event.mNetwork);
+            assertEquals(network, event.mSocketKey.getNetwork());
         }
 
         public void expectedAddressesChangedForNetwork(Network network,
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@
             final SocketEvent event = mHistory.poll(0L /* timeoutMs */, c -> true);
             assertNotNull(event);
             assertTrue(event instanceof AddressesChangedEvent);
-            assertEquals(network, event.mNetwork);
+            assertEquals(network, event.mSocketKey.getNetwork());
             assertEquals(event.mAddresses, addresses);
         }