diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 4db90c1..74f3156 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.KB_IN_BYTES;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED;
 import static android.os.Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.NETSTATS_AUGMENT_ENABLED;
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.getDisplayTransport;
-import static com.android.server.NetworkManagementService.LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT;
 import static com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger.resetKernelUidStats;
 import static com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger.setKernelCounterSet;
 
@@ -89,7 +90,6 @@
 import android.database.ContentObserver;
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
 import android.net.INetd;
-import android.net.INetworkManagementEventObserver;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
 import android.net.Network;
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
@@ -120,12 +121,12 @@
 import android.os.HandlerExecutor;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.Trace;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.FileRotator;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BestClock;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BinderUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
@@ -208,7 +210,6 @@
     private static final String TAG_NETSTATS_ERROR = "netstats_error";
 
     private final Context mContext;
-    private final INetworkManagementService mNetworkManager;
     private final NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
     private final AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
     private final Clock mClock;
@@ -223,6 +224,9 @@
     private final ContentObserver mContentObserver;
     private final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
 
+    protected INetd mNetd;
+    private final AlertObserver mAlertObserver = new AlertObserver();
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final String ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL =
             "com.android.server.action.NETWORK_STATS_POLL";
@@ -405,15 +409,16 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public static NetworkStatsService create(Context context,
-                INetworkManagementService networkManager) {
+    /** Creates a new NetworkStatsService */
+    public static NetworkStatsService create(Context context) {
         AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
         PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
         PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock =
                 powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
         final INetd netd = INetd.Stub.asInterface(
                 (IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE));
-        final NetworkStatsService service = new NetworkStatsService(context, networkManager,
+        final NetworkStatsService service = new NetworkStatsService(context,
+                INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)),
                 alarmManager, wakeLock, getDefaultClock(),
                 new DefaultNetworkStatsSettings(context), new NetworkStatsFactory(netd),
                 new NetworkStatsObservers(), getDefaultSystemDir(), getDefaultBaseDir(),
@@ -426,14 +431,12 @@
     // This must not be called outside of tests, even within the same package, as this constructor
     // does not register the local service. Use the create() helper above.
     @VisibleForTesting
-    NetworkStatsService(Context context, INetworkManagementService networkManager,
-            AlarmManager alarmManager, PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock, Clock clock,
-            NetworkStatsSettings settings, NetworkStatsFactory factory,
-            NetworkStatsObservers statsObservers, File systemDir, File baseDir,
-            @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+    NetworkStatsService(Context context, INetd netd, AlarmManager alarmManager,
+            PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock, Clock clock, NetworkStatsSettings settings,
+            NetworkStatsFactory factory, NetworkStatsObservers statsObservers, File systemDir,
+            File baseDir, @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
         mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
-        mNetworkManager = Objects.requireNonNull(networkManager,
-                "missing INetworkManagementService");
+        mNetd = Objects.requireNonNull(netd, "missing Netd");
         mAlarmManager = Objects.requireNonNull(alarmManager, "missing AlarmManager");
         mClock = Objects.requireNonNull(clock, "missing Clock");
         mSettings = Objects.requireNonNull(settings, "missing NetworkStatsSettings");
@@ -506,6 +509,26 @@
                 new NetworkStatsManagerInternalImpl());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Observer that watches for {@link INetdUnsolicitedEventListener} alerts.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public class AlertObserver extends BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onQuotaLimitReached(@NonNull String alertName, @NonNull String ifName) {
+            PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+
+            if (LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT.equals(alertName)) {
+                // kick off background poll to collect network stats unless there is already
+                // such a call pending; UID stats are handled during normal polling interval.
+                if (!mHandler.hasMessages(MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT)) {
+                    mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT,
+                            mSettings.getPollDelay());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     public void systemReady() {
         synchronized (mStatsLock) {
             mSystemReady = true;
@@ -551,9 +574,9 @@
         mContext.registerReceiver(mShutdownReceiver, shutdownFilter);
 
         try {
-            mNetworkManager.registerObserver(mAlertObserver);
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            // ignored; service lives in system_server
+            mNetd.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(mAlertObserver);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Error registering event listener :", e);
         }
 
         //  schedule periodic pall alarm based on {@link NetworkStatsSettings#getPollInterval()}.
@@ -641,13 +664,13 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Register for a global alert that is delivered through {@link INetworkManagementEventObserver}
+     * Register for a global alert that is delivered through {@link AlertObserver}
      * or {@link NetworkStatsProviderCallback#onAlertReached()} once a threshold amount of data has
      * been transferred.
      */
     private void registerGlobalAlert() {
         try {
-            mNetworkManager.setGlobalAlert(mGlobalAlertBytes);
+            mNetd.bandwidthSetGlobalAlert(mGlobalAlertBytes);
         } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "problem registering for global alert: " + e);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -1227,26 +1250,6 @@
     };
 
     /**
-     * Observer that watches for {@link INetworkManagementService} alerts.
-     */
-    private final INetworkManagementEventObserver mAlertObserver = new BaseNetworkObserver() {
-        @Override
-        public void limitReached(String limitName, String iface) {
-            // only someone like NMS should be calling us
-            PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
-
-            if (LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT.equals(limitName)) {
-                // kick off background poll to collect network stats unless there is already
-                // such a call pending; UID stats are handled during normal polling interval.
-                if (!mHandler.hasMessages(MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT)) {
-                    mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT,
-                            mSettings.getPollDelay());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    /**
      * Handle collapsed RAT type changed event.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -1957,13 +1960,29 @@
      */
     // TODO: Remove this by implementing {@link NetworkStatsProvider} for non-offloaded
     //  tethering stats.
-    private NetworkStats getNetworkStatsTethering(int how) throws RemoteException {
+    private @NonNull NetworkStats getNetworkStatsTethering(int how) throws RemoteException {
+         // We only need to return per-UID stats. Per-device stats are already counted by
+        // interface counters.
+        if (how != STATS_PER_UID) {
+            return new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 0);
+        }
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 1);
         try {
-            return mNetworkManager.getNetworkStatsTethering(how);
+            final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels = mNetd.tetherGetStats();
+            for (TetherStatsParcel tetherStats : tetherStatsParcels) {
+                try {
+                    stats.combineValues(new NetworkStats.Entry(tetherStats.iface, UID_TETHERING,
+                            SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, tetherStats.rxBytes, tetherStats.rxPackets,
+                            tetherStats.txBytes, tetherStats.txPackets, 0L));
+                } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("invalid tethering stats " + e);
+                }
+            }
         } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
             Log.wtf(TAG, "problem reading network stats", e);
-            return new NetworkStats(0L, 10);
         }
+        return stats;
     }
 
     // TODO: It is copied from ConnectivityService, consider refactor these check permission
@@ -2045,7 +2064,7 @@
 
         @NonNull final INetworkStatsProvider mProvider;
         @NonNull private final Semaphore mSemaphore;
-        @NonNull final INetworkManagementEventObserver mAlertObserver;
+        @NonNull final AlertObserver mAlertObserver;
         @NonNull final CopyOnWriteArrayList<NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl> mStatsProviderCbList;
 
         @NonNull private final Object mProviderStatsLock = new Object();
@@ -2059,7 +2078,7 @@
         NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl(
                 @NonNull String tag, @NonNull INetworkStatsProvider provider,
                 @NonNull Semaphore semaphore,
-                @NonNull INetworkManagementEventObserver alertObserver,
+                @NonNull AlertObserver alertObserver,
                 @NonNull CopyOnWriteArrayList<NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl> cbList)
                 throws RemoteException {
             mTag = tag;
@@ -2107,7 +2126,7 @@
             // This binder object can only have been obtained by a process that holds
             // NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER. Thus, no additional permission check is required.
             BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(() ->
-                    mAlertObserver.limitReached(LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT, null /* unused */));
+                    mAlertObserver.onQuotaLimitReached(LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT, null /* unused */));
         }
 
         @Override