diff --git a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index cee3a40..e53f883 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -1007,14 +1007,20 @@
      *                   to remove an existing always-on VPN configuration.
      * @param lockdownEnabled {@code true} to disallow networking when the VPN is not connected or
      *        {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @param lockdownWhitelist The list of packages that are allowed to access network directly
+     *         when VPN is in lockdown mode but is not running. Non-existent packages are ignored so
+     *         this method must be called when a package that should be whitelisted is installed or
+     *         uninstalled.
      * @return {@code true} if the package is set as always-on VPN controller;
      *         {@code false} otherwise.
      * @hide
      */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN)
     public boolean setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(int userId, @Nullable String vpnPackage,
-            boolean lockdownEnabled) {
+            boolean lockdownEnabled, @Nullable List<String> lockdownWhitelist) {
         try {
-            return mService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, vpnPackage, lockdownEnabled);
+            return mService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(
+                    userId, vpnPackage, lockdownEnabled, lockdownWhitelist);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -1029,6 +1035,7 @@
      *         or {@code null} if none is set.
      * @hide
      */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN)
     public String getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(int userId) {
         try {
             return mService.getAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId);
@@ -1038,6 +1045,36 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * @return whether always-on VPN is in lockdown mode.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN)
+    public boolean isVpnLockdownEnabled(int userId) {
+        try {
+            return mService.isVpnLockdownEnabled(userId);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the list of packages that are allowed to access network when always-on VPN is in
+     * lockdown mode but not connected. Returns {@code null} when VPN lockdown is not active.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN)
+    public List<String> getVpnLockdownWhitelist(int userId) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getVpnLockdownWhitelist(userId);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Returns details about the currently active default data network
      * for a given uid.  This is for internal use only to avoid spying
      * other apps.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index 3d34574..ac6b5b8 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -125,8 +125,11 @@
 
     boolean updateLockdownVpn();
     boolean isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupported(int userId, String packageName);
-    boolean setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(int userId, String packageName, boolean lockdown);
+    boolean setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(int userId, String packageName, boolean lockdown,
+            in List<String> lockdownWhitelist);
     String getAlwaysOnVpnPackage(int userId);
+    boolean isVpnLockdownEnabled(int userId);
+    List<String> getVpnLockdownWhitelist(int userId);
 
     int checkMobileProvisioning(int suggestedTimeOutMs);
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 919a5ab..c749141 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -1869,6 +1869,12 @@
                 "ConnectivityService");
     }
 
+    private void enforceControlAlwaysOnVpnPermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
     private void enforceNetworkStackSettingsOrSetup() {
         enforceAnyPermissionOf(
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
@@ -1876,6 +1882,12 @@
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
+    private void enforceNetworkStackPermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
     private boolean checkNetworkStackPermission() {
         return PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK);
@@ -4069,8 +4081,9 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(int userId, String packageName, boolean lockdown) {
-        enforceConnectivityInternalPermission();
+    public boolean setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(
+            int userId, String packageName, boolean lockdown, List<String> lockdownWhitelist) {
+        enforceControlAlwaysOnVpnPermission();
         enforceCrossUserPermission(userId);
 
         synchronized (mVpns) {
@@ -4084,11 +4097,11 @@
                 Slog.w(TAG, "User " + userId + " has no Vpn configuration");
                 return false;
             }
-            if (!vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(packageName, lockdown)) {
+            if (!vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(packageName, lockdown, lockdownWhitelist)) {
                 return false;
             }
             if (!startAlwaysOnVpn(userId)) {
-                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false);
+                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -4097,7 +4110,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public String getAlwaysOnVpnPackage(int userId) {
-        enforceConnectivityInternalPermission();
+        enforceControlAlwaysOnVpnPermission();
         enforceCrossUserPermission(userId);
 
         synchronized (mVpns) {
@@ -4111,6 +4124,36 @@
     }
 
     @Override
+    public boolean isVpnLockdownEnabled(int userId) {
+        enforceControlAlwaysOnVpnPermission();
+        enforceCrossUserPermission(userId);
+
+        synchronized (mVpns) {
+            Vpn vpn = mVpns.get(userId);
+            if (vpn == null) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "User " + userId + " has no Vpn configuration");
+                return false;
+            }
+            return vpn.getLockdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> getVpnLockdownWhitelist(int userId) {
+        enforceControlAlwaysOnVpnPermission();
+        enforceCrossUserPermission(userId);
+
+        synchronized (mVpns) {
+            Vpn vpn = mVpns.get(userId);
+            if (vpn == null) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "User " + userId + " has no Vpn configuration");
+                return null;
+            }
+            return vpn.getLockdownWhitelist();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
     public int checkMobileProvisioning(int suggestedTimeOutMs) {
         // TODO: Remove?  Any reason to trigger a provisioning check?
         return -1;
@@ -4339,7 +4382,7 @@
             if (TextUtils.equals(vpn.getAlwaysOnPackage(), packageName) && !isReplacing) {
                 Slog.d(TAG, "Removing always-on VPN package " + packageName + " for user "
                         + userId);
-                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false);
+                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -6208,7 +6251,7 @@
             synchronized (mVpns) {
                 final String alwaysOnPackage = getAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId);
                 if (alwaysOnPackage != null) {
-                    setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, null, false);
+                    setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, null, false, null);
                     setVpnPackageAuthorization(alwaysOnPackage, userId, false);
                 }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 0b74d87..5b17224 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -246,17 +246,17 @@
         assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
 
         // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, Collections.emptyList()));
         assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
         assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
 
         // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.emptyList()));
         assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
         assertTrue(vpn.getLockdown());
 
         // Remove always-on configuration.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, Collections.emptyList()));
         assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
         assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
     }
@@ -270,11 +270,11 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null));
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
             new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
             new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1]);
 
         // Switch to another app.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
             new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
             new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -297,6 +297,87 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testLockdownWhitelist() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final UidRange user = UidRange.createForUser(primaryUser.id);
+
+        // Set always-on with lockdown and whitelist app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
+        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
+
+        // Change whitelisted app to PKGS[3].
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
+        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
+
+        // Change the VPN app.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
+        }));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
+        }));
+        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
+        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
+
+        // Remove the whitelist.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.stop),
+        }));
+        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2],
+                user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
+        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0]);
+
+        // Add the whitelist.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1])));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
+        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1]);
+
+        // Try whitelisting a package with a comma, should be rejected.
+        assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList("a.b,c.d")));
+
+        // Pass a non-existent packages in the whitelist, they (and only they) should be ignored.
+        // Whitelisted package should change from PGKS[1] to PKGS[2].
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true,
+                Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app")));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[]{
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+        verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[]{
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1),
+                new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
+        }));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testLockdownAddingAProfile() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
@@ -310,7 +391,7 @@
         final UidRange profile = UidRange.createForUser(tempProfile.id);
 
         // Set lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
             new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
             new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -436,7 +517,7 @@
                 .cancelAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), eq(userHandle));
 
         // Start showing a notification for disconnected once always-on.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false);
+        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false, null);
         order.verify(mNotificationManager)
                 .notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), eq(userHandle));
 
@@ -450,7 +531,7 @@
                 .notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), eq(userHandle));
 
         // Notification should be cleared after unsetting always-on package.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false);
+        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
         order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancelAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), eq(userHandle));
     }
 
@@ -583,7 +664,9 @@
             doAnswer(invocation -> {
                 final String appName = (String) invocation.getArguments()[0];
                 final int userId = (int) invocation.getArguments()[1];
-                return UserHandle.getUid(userId, packages.get(appName));
+                Integer appId = packages.get(appName);
+                if (appId == null) throw new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(appName);
+                return UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
             }).when(mPackageManager).getPackageUidAsUser(anyString(), anyInt());
         } catch (Exception e) {
         }