diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp b/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
index 703f544..0b6ecef 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 // TODO: Consider merging with ConnectivityCoverageTests which is a collection of all
 // Connectivity tests being used for coverage. This will depend on how far we decide to
 // go with merging NetHttp and Tethering targets.
+// Target used for coverage. Combines CTS tests and our MTS tests.
 android_test {
     name: "NetHttpCoverageTests",
     enforce_default_target_sdk_version: true,
@@ -47,3 +48,32 @@
     ],
     data: [":cronet_javatests_resources"],
 }
+
+// MTS-only specific targets.
+java_genrule {
+    name: "net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
+    tool_files: [
+        ":NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar{.jar}",
+        "jarjar_excludes.txt",
+    ],
+    tools: [
+        "jarjar-rules-generator",
+    ],
+    out: ["net_http_test_jarjar_rules.txt"],
+    cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
+        "$(location :NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar{.jar}) " +
+        "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
+        "--excludes $(location jarjar_excludes.txt) " +
+        "--output $(out)",
+}
+
+android_library {
+    name: "NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar",
+    static_libs: [
+        "cronet_aml_api_java",
+        "cronet_aml_java__testing",
+        "cronet_java_tests",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidManifest.xml b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidManifest.xml
index b00fc90..418af86 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -19,12 +19,16 @@
           xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
           package="com.android.net.http.tests.coverage">
 
-    <!-- NetHttpCoverageTests combines CtsNetHttpTestCases and NetHttpTests targets,
-     so permissions and others are declared in their respective manifests -->
-    <application tools:replace="android:label"
-                 android:label="NetHttp coverage tests">
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+
+    <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
+                 tools:replace="android:label"
+                 android:label="NetHttp coverage tests" >
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
     </application>
+
     <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
                      android:targetPackage="com.android.net.http.tests.coverage"
                      android:label="NetHttp coverage tests">
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
index 7646a04..bb7ed11 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@
         <option name="push-file" key="net" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/net" />
         <option name="push-file" key="test_server" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/components/cronet/testing/test_server" />
     </target_preparer>
-    <!-- Tethering/Connectivity is a SDK 30+ module -->
-    <!-- TODO Switch back to Sdk30 when b/270049141 is fixed -->
+    <!-- Tethering/Connectivity is a SDK 30+ module however Cronet is installed on 31+ due to b/270049141. -->
     <object type="module_controller"
             class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk31ModuleController" />
+    <!-- Only run NetHttpCoverageTests in MTS if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
+        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
+    </object>
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param"
             value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt b/Cronet/tests/common/jarjar_excludes.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
rename to Cronet/tests/common/jarjar_excludes.txt
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/raw/quicroot.pem b/Cronet/tests/common/res/raw/quicroot.pem
similarity index 100%
rename from Cronet/tests/mts/res/raw/quicroot.pem
rename to Cronet/tests/common/res/raw/quicroot.pem
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/values/cronet-test-rule-configuration.xml b/Cronet/tests/common/res/values/cronet-test-rule-configuration.xml
similarity index 100%
rename from Cronet/tests/mts/res/values/cronet-test-rule-configuration.xml
rename to Cronet/tests/common/res/values/cronet-test-rule-configuration.xml
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml b/Cronet/tests/common/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
similarity index 100%
rename from Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
rename to Cronet/tests/common/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp b/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9486e1f..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package {
-    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
-}
-
-java_genrule {
-    name: "net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
-    tool_files: [
-        ":NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar{.jar}",
-        "jarjar_excludes.txt",
-    ],
-    tools: [
-        "jarjar-rules-generator",
-    ],
-    out: ["net_http_test_jarjar_rules.txt"],
-    cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
-        "$(location :NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar{.jar}) " +
-        "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
-        "--excludes $(location jarjar_excludes.txt) " +
-        "--output $(out)",
-}
-
-// Library to be used in coverage tests. cronet_java_tests can't be used directly because the common
-// tests need to inherit the NetHttpTests manifest.
-android_library {
-    name: "NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar",
-    static_libs: [
-        "cronet_aml_api_java",
-        "cronet_aml_java__testing",
-        "cronet_java_tests",
-    ],
-    sdk_version: "module_current",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-}
-
-android_test {
-    name: "NetHttpTests",
-    defaults: [
-        "mts-target-sdk-version-current",
-    ],
-    static_libs: ["NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar"],
-    jarjar_rules: ":net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
-    jni_libs: [
-        "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet__testing",
-        "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet_tests__testing",
-        "cronet_aml_third_party_netty_tcnative_netty_tcnative_so__testing",
-    ],
-    test_suites: [
-        "general-tests",
-        "mts-tethering",
-    ],
-    data: [":cronet_javatests_resources"],
-}
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c56e3a..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-          package="android.net.http.mts">
-
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
-
-    <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">
-        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
-    </application>
-    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
-                     android:targetPackage="android.net.http.mts"
-                     android:label="MTS tests of android.net.http">
-    </instrumentation>
-
-</manifest>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index a438e2e..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
-  ~ Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
-  ~
-  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
-  ~
-  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-  ~
-  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-  ~ limitations under the License.
-  -->
-<configuration description="Runs NetHttp Mainline Tests.">
-    <!-- Only run tests if the device under test is SDK version 30 or above. -->
-    <!-- TODO Switch back to Sdk30 when b/270049141 is fixed -->
-    <object type="module_controller"
-            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk31ModuleController" />
-
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
-        <option name="test-file-name" value="NetHttpTests.apk" />
-    </target_preparer>
-
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
-        <option name="push-file" key="net" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/net" />
-        <option name="push-file" key="test_server" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/components/cronet/testing/test_server" />
-    </target_preparer>
-
-    <option name="test-tag" value="NetHttpTests" />
-    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
-        <option name="package" value="android.net.http.mts" />
-        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
-        <!-- b/298380508 -->
-        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.CronetUrlRequestContextTest#testSetLibraryLoaderIsEnforcedByDefaultEmbeddedProvider" />
-        <!-- b/316559294 -->
-        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NQETest#testQuicDisabled" />
-        <!-- b/316559294 -->
-        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NQETest#testPrefsWriteRead" />
-        <!-- b/316554711-->
-        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NetworkChangesTest" />
-        <!-- b/316550794 -->
-        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.impl.CronetLoggerTest#testEngineCreation" />
-        <!-- b/327182569 -->
-        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.urlconnection.CronetURLStreamHandlerFactoryTest#testSetUrlStreamFactoryUsesCronetForNative" />
-        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
-        <option name="isolated-storage" value="false"/>
-        <option name="orchestrator" value="true"/>
-    </test>
-
-    <!-- Only run NetHttpTests in MTS if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
-    <object type="module_controller"
-            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
-        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
-    </object>
-</configuration>
diff --git a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp
index de8bef5..0719ade 100644
--- a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp
+++ b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelper.cpp
@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@
   // state, making it a trustworthy source. Since this library primarily serves DNS resolvers,
   // relying solely on V+ data prevents erroneous blocking of DNS queries.
   if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() && metered) {
-    // The background data setting (PENALTY_BOX_MATCH) and unrestricted data usage setting
-    // (HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) for individual apps override the system wide Data Saver setting.
-    if (uidRules & PENALTY_BOX_MATCH) return true;
+    // The background data setting (PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH, PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH) and
+    // unrestricted data usage setting (HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) for individual apps override the system
+    // wide Data Saver setting.
+    if (uidRules & (PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH)) return true;
     if (uidRules & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) return false;
 
     auto dataSaverSetting = mDataSaverEnabledMap.readValue(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY);
diff --git a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp
index 67b5b95..18a5df4 100644
--- a/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp
+++ b/DnsResolver/DnsBpfHelperTest.cpp
@@ -158,23 +158,33 @@
     }
   } testConfigs[]{
     // clang-format off
-    // enabledRules, dataSaverEnabled, uidRules,                                        blocked
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            NO_MATCH,                                        false},
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                               true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                 false},
-    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             NO_MATCH,                                        true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                               true},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                 false},
-    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH,                                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                 true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH,                                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,                 true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                   true},
-    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
+    // enabledRules, dataSaverEnabled, uidRules,                                            blocked
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            NO_MATCH,                                             false},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                               true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,        true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                      false},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       false,            PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             NO_MATCH,                                              true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                               true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,        true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                                      false},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                true},
+    {NO_MATCH,       true,             PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,               true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH,                                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                 true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  false,            STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH,                                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,                  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,                 true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,                         true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,  true},
+    {STANDBY_MATCH,  true,             STANDBY_MATCH|PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH|HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, true},
     // clang-format on
   };
 
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking b/OWNERS_core_networking
index 83f798a..6d8ed4a 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
-chiachangwang@google.com
-cken@google.com
 jchalard@google.com
 junyulai@google.com
-lifr@google.com
 lorenzo@google.com
-markchien@google.com
 martinwu@google.com
 maze@google.com
 motomuman@google.com
@@ -12,7 +8,5 @@
 prohr@google.com
 reminv@google.com
 satk@google.com
-waynema@google.com
 xiaom@google.com
-yumike@google.com
 yuyanghuang@google.com
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 4bae221..304a6ed 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
     prebuilts: [
         "current_sdkinfo",
         "netbpfload.mainline.rc",
+        "netbpfload.35rc",
         "ot-daemon.init.34rc",
     ],
     manifest: "manifest.json",
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
index f696885..120b871 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@
 
     private static final Context sContext =
             InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
-    private static final EthernetManager sEm = sContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
+    protected static final EthernetManager sEm = sContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
     private static final TetheringManager sTm = sContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
     private static final PackageManager sPackageManager = sContext.getPackageManager();
     private static final CtsNetUtils sCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
@@ -168,34 +167,6 @@
         return sContext;
     }
 
-    @BeforeClass
-    public static void setUpOnce() throws Exception {
-        // The first test case may experience tethering restart with IP conflict handling.
-        // Tethering would cache the last upstreams so that the next enabled tethering avoids
-        // picking up the address that is in conflict with the upstreams. To protect subsequent
-        // tests, turn tethering on and off before running them.
-        MyTetheringEventCallback callback = null;
-        TestNetworkInterface testIface = null;
-        assumeTrue(sEm != null);
-        try {
-            // If the physical ethernet interface is available, do nothing.
-            if (isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()) return;
-
-            testIface = createTestInterface();
-            setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
-
-            callback = enableEthernetTethering(testIface.getInterfaceName(), null);
-            callback.awaitUpstreamChanged(true /* throwTimeoutException */);
-        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "WARNNING " + e);
-        } finally {
-            maybeCloseTestInterface(testIface);
-            maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
-
-            setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
-        }
-    }
-
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName());
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 4949eaa..c54d1b4 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -150,6 +151,35 @@
             (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x04  /* Address: 1.2.3.4 */
     };
 
+    /** Enable/disable tethering once before running the tests. */
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpOnce() throws Exception {
+        // The first test case may experience tethering restart with IP conflict handling.
+        // Tethering would cache the last upstreams so that the next enabled tethering avoids
+        // picking up the address that is in conflict with the upstreams. To protect subsequent
+        // tests, turn tethering on and off before running them.
+        MyTetheringEventCallback callback = null;
+        TestNetworkInterface testIface = null;
+        assumeTrue(sEm != null);
+        try {
+            // If the physical ethernet interface is available, do nothing.
+            if (isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()) return;
+
+            testIface = createTestInterface();
+            setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+            callback = enableEthernetTethering(testIface.getInterfaceName(), null);
+            callback.awaitUpstreamChanged(true /* throwTimeoutException */);
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "WARNNING " + e);
+        } finally {
+            maybeCloseTestInterface(testIface);
+            maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+
+            setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testVirtualEthernetAlreadyExists() throws Exception {
         // This test requires manipulating packets. Skip if there is a physical Ethernet connected.
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index dfc7699..c3acaad 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -407,6 +407,9 @@
 
     BpfConfig enabledRules = getConfig(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
 
+    // BACKGROUND match does not apply to loopback traffic
+    if (skb->ifindex == 1) enabledRules &= ~BACKGROUND_MATCH;
+
     UidOwnerValue* uidEntry = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&uid);
     uint32_t uidRules = uidEntry ? uidEntry->rule : 0;
     uint32_t allowed_iif = uidEntry ? uidEntry->iif : 0;
@@ -644,7 +647,8 @@
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
     UidOwnerValue* denylistMatch = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&sock_uid);
-    if (denylistMatch) return denylistMatch->rule & PENALTY_BOX_MATCH ? BPF_MATCH : BPF_NOMATCH;
+    uint32_t penalty_box = PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
+    if (denylistMatch) return denylistMatch->rule & penalty_box ? BPF_MATCH : BPF_NOMATCH;
     return BPF_NOMATCH;
 }
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.h b/bpf_progs/netd.h
index 098147f..8a56b4a 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.h
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 enum UidOwnerMatchType : uint32_t {
     NO_MATCH = 0,
     HAPPY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 0),
-    PENALTY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 1),
+    PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH = (1 << 1),
     DOZABLE_MATCH = (1 << 2),
     STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 3),
     POWERSAVE_MATCH = (1 << 4),
@@ -192,7 +192,8 @@
     OEM_DENY_1_MATCH = (1 << 9),
     OEM_DENY_2_MATCH = (1 << 10),
     OEM_DENY_3_MATCH = (1 << 11),
-    BACKGROUND_MATCH = (1 << 12)
+    BACKGROUND_MATCH = (1 << 12),
+    PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH = (1 << 13),
 };
 // LINT.ThenChange(../framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java)
 
diff --git a/common/FlaggedApi.bp b/common/FlaggedApi.bp
index 56625c5..21be1d3 100644
--- a/common/FlaggedApi.bp
+++ b/common/FlaggedApi.bp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 aconfig_declarations {
     name: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
     package: "com.android.net.flags",
-    container: "system",
+    container: "com.android.tethering",
     srcs: ["flags.aconfig"],
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 aconfig_declarations {
     name: "com.android.net.thread.flags-aconfig",
     package: "com.android.net.thread.flags",
-    container: "system",
+    container: "com.android.tethering",
     srcs: ["thread_flags.aconfig"],
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 aconfig_declarations {
     name: "nearby_flags",
     package: "com.android.nearby.flags",
-    container: "system",
+    container: "com.android.tethering",
     srcs: ["nearby_flags.aconfig"],
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
diff --git a/common/flags.aconfig b/common/flags.aconfig
index 30931df..55a96ac 100644
--- a/common/flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/flags.aconfig
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 package: "com.android.net.flags"
-container: "system"
+container: "com.android.tethering"
 
 # This file contains aconfig flags for FlaggedAPI annotations
 # Flags used from platform code must be in under frameworks
@@ -83,3 +83,19 @@
   description: "Flag for API to register nsd offload engine"
   bug: "301713539"
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "metered_network_firewall_chains"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for metered network firewall chain API"
+  bug: "332628891"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "blocked_reason_oem_deny_chains"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for oem deny chains blocked reasons API"
+  bug: "328732146"
+}
diff --git a/common/nearby_flags.aconfig b/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
index b733849..55a865b 100644
--- a/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 package: "com.android.nearby.flags"
-container: "system"
+container: "com.android.tethering"
 
 flag {
     name: "powered_off_finding"
diff --git a/common/thread_flags.aconfig b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
index 43fc147..43acd1b 100644
--- a/common/thread_flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 package: "com.android.net.thread.flags"
-container: "system"
+container: "com.android.tethering"
 
 flag {
     name: "thread_enabled"
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
index c86f7fd..7f0c1fe 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
@@ -101,4 +101,7 @@
      * Note that invocation of any interface will be sent to all providers.
      */
      void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(String iface, long warning, long limit);
+
+     /** Clear TrafficStats rate-limit caches. */
+     void clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches();
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
index 4e10a96..70c9bc8 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
     private IpSecTransform activate()
             throws IOException, IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException,
                     IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException {
-        synchronized (this) {
+        synchronized (mLock) {
             try {
                 IpSecTransformResponse result = getIpSecManager(mContext).createTransform(
                         mConfig, new Binder(), mContext.getOpPackageName());
@@ -164,20 +164,23 @@
     public void close() {
         Log.d(TAG, "Removing Transform with Id " + mResourceId);
 
-        // Always safe to attempt cleanup
-        if (mResourceId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
-            mCloseGuard.close();
-            return;
-        }
-        try {
-            getIpSecManager(mContext).deleteTransform(mResourceId);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
-            // actionable by the user.
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
-        } finally {
-            mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
-            mCloseGuard.close();
+        synchronized(mLock) {
+            // Always safe to attempt cleanup
+            if (mResourceId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+                mCloseGuard.close();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                    getIpSecManager(mContext).deleteTransform(mResourceId);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
+                // actionable by the user.
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
+            } finally {
+                mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+                mCloseGuard.close();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -196,14 +199,17 @@
     }
 
     private final IpSecConfig mConfig;
-    private int mResourceId;
+    private final Object mLock = new Object();
+    private int mResourceId; // Partly guarded by mLock to ensure basic safety, not correctness
     private final Context mContext;
     private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard = CloseGuard.get();
 
     /** @hide */
     @VisibleForTesting
     public int getResourceId() {
-        return mResourceId;
+        synchronized(mLock) {
+            return mResourceId;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -224,8 +230,10 @@
         // TODO: Consider adding check to prevent DDoS attack.
 
         try {
-            final IpSecTransformState ipSecTransformState =
-                    getIpSecManager(mContext).getTransformState(mResourceId);
+            IpSecTransformState ipSecTransformState;
+            synchronized(mLock) {
+                ipSecTransformState = getIpSecManager(mContext).getTransformState(mResourceId);
+            }
             executor.execute(
                     () -> {
                         callback.onResult(ipSecTransformState);
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
index a69b38d..77c8001 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
@@ -692,6 +693,27 @@
         return UNSUPPORTED;
     }
 
+    /** Clear TrafficStats rate-limit caches.
+     *
+     * This is mainly for {@link com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService} to
+     * clear rate-limit cache to avoid caching for TrafficStats API results.
+     * Tests might get stale values after generating network traffic, which
+     * generally need to wait for cache expiry to get updated values.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    public static void clearRateLimitCaches() {
+        try {
+            getStatsService().clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return the number of packets transmitted on the specified interface since the interface
      * was created. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so both TCP and
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
index 1001423..48d40e6 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@
     }
 
     private static final int FIRST_LISTENER_KEY = 1;
+    private static final int DNSSEC_PROTOCOL = 3;
 
     private final INsdServiceConnector mService;
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -1754,45 +1755,132 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private enum ServiceValidationType {
+        NO_SERVICE,
+        HAS_SERVICE, // A service with a positive port
+        HAS_SERVICE_ZERO_PORT, // A service with a zero port
+    }
+
+    private enum HostValidationType {
+        DEFAULT_HOST, // No host is specified so the default host will be used
+        CUSTOM_HOST, // A custom host with addresses is specified
+        CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESS, // A custom host without address is specified
+    }
+
+    private enum PublicKeyValidationType {
+        NO_KEY,
+        HAS_KEY,
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the service is valid for registration and classify it as one of {@link
+     * ServiceValidationType}.
+     */
+    private static ServiceValidationType validateService(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        final boolean hasServiceName = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceName());
+        final boolean hasServiceType = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceType());
+        if (!hasServiceName && !hasServiceType && serviceInfo.getPort() == 0) {
+            return ServiceValidationType.NO_SERVICE;
+        }
+        if (hasServiceName && hasServiceType) {
+            if (serviceInfo.getPort() < 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port");
+            }
+            if (serviceInfo.getPort() == 0) {
+                return ServiceValidationType.HAS_SERVICE_ZERO_PORT;
+            }
+            return ServiceValidationType.HAS_SERVICE;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("The service name or the service type is missing");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the host is valid for registration and classify it as one of {@link
+     * HostValidationType}.
+     */
+    private static HostValidationType validateHost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        final boolean hasHostname = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostname());
+        final boolean hasHostAddresses = !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostAddresses());
+        if (!hasHostname) {
+            // Keep compatible with the legacy behavior: It's allowed to set host
+            // addresses for a service registration although the host addresses
+            // won't be registered. To register the addresses for a host, the
+            // hostname must be specified.
+            return HostValidationType.DEFAULT_HOST;
+        }
+        if (!hasHostAddresses) {
+            return HostValidationType.CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESS;
+        }
+        return HostValidationType.CUSTOM_HOST;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the public key is valid for registration and classify it as one of {@link
+     * PublicKeyValidationType}.
+     *
+     * <p>For simplicity, it only checks if the protocol is DNSSEC and the RDATA is not fewer than 4
+     * bytes. See RFC 3445 Section 3.
+     */
+    private static PublicKeyValidationType validatePublicKey(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        byte[] publicKey = serviceInfo.getPublicKey();
+        if (publicKey == null) {
+            return PublicKeyValidationType.NO_KEY;
+        }
+        if (publicKey.length < 4) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The public key should be at least 4 bytes long");
+        }
+        int protocol = publicKey[2];
+        if (protocol == DNSSEC_PROTOCOL) {
+            return PublicKeyValidationType.HAS_KEY;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                "The public key's protocol ("
+                        + protocol
+                        + ") is invalid. It should be DNSSEC_PROTOCOL (3)");
+    }
+
     /**
      * Check if the {@link NsdServiceInfo} is valid for registration.
      *
-     * The following can be registered:
-     * - A service with an optional host.
-     * - A hostname with addresses.
+     * <p>Firstly, check if service, host and public key are all valid respectively. Then check if
+     * the combination of service, host and public key is valid.
      *
-     * Note that:
-     * - When registering a service, the service name, service type and port must be specified. If
-     *   hostname is specified, the host addresses can optionally be specified.
-     * - When registering a host without a service, the addresses must be specified.
+     * <p>If the {@code serviceInfo} is invalid, throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}
+     * describing the reason.
+     *
+     * <p>There are the invalid combinations of service, host and public key:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>Neither service nor host is specified.
+     *   <li>No public key is specified and the service has a zero port.
+     *   <li>The registration only contains the hostname but addresses are missing.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>Keys are used to reserve hostnames or service names while the service/host is temporarily
+     * inactive, so registrations with a key and just a hostname or a service name are acceptable.
      *
      * @hide
      */
     public static void checkServiceInfoForRegistration(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(serviceInfo, "NsdServiceInfo cannot be null");
-        boolean hasServiceName = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceName());
-        boolean hasServiceType = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceType());
-        boolean hasHostname = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostname());
-        boolean hasHostAddresses = !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostAddresses());
 
-        if (serviceInfo.getPort() < 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port");
+        final ServiceValidationType serviceValidation = validateService(serviceInfo);
+        final HostValidationType hostValidation = validateHost(serviceInfo);
+        final PublicKeyValidationType publicKeyValidation = validatePublicKey(serviceInfo);
+
+        if (serviceValidation == ServiceValidationType.NO_SERVICE
+                && hostValidation == HostValidationType.DEFAULT_HOST) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Nothing to register");
         }
-
-        if (hasServiceType || hasServiceName || (serviceInfo.getPort() > 0)) {
-            if (!(hasServiceType && hasServiceName && (serviceInfo.getPort() > 0))) {
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                        "The service type, service name or port is missing");
+        if (publicKeyValidation == PublicKeyValidationType.NO_KEY) {
+            if (serviceValidation == ServiceValidationType.HAS_SERVICE_ZERO_PORT) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The port is missing");
             }
-        }
-
-        if (!hasServiceType && !hasHostname) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No service or host specified in NsdServiceInfo");
-        }
-
-        if (!hasServiceType && hasHostname && !hasHostAddresses) {
-            // TODO: b/317946010 - This may be allowed when it supports registering KEY RR.
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No host addresses specified in NsdServiceInfo");
+            if (serviceValidation == ServiceValidationType.NO_SERVICE
+                    && hostValidation == HostValidationType.CUSTOM_HOST_NO_ADDRESS) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "The host addresses must be specified unless there is a service");
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
index 9491a9c..2f675a9 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -69,6 +70,9 @@
     private int mPort;
 
     @Nullable
+    private byte[] mPublicKey;
+
+    @Nullable
     private Network mNetwork;
 
     private int mInterfaceIndex;
@@ -220,6 +224,40 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Set the public key RDATA to be advertised in a KEY RR (RFC 2535).
+     *
+     * <p>This is the public key of the key pair used for signing a DNS message (e.g. SRP). Clients
+     * typically don't need this information, but the KEY RR is usually published to claim the use
+     * of the DNS name so that another mDNS advertiser can't take over the ownership during a
+     * temporary power down of the original host device.
+     *
+     * <p>When the public key is set to non-null, exactly one KEY RR will be advertised for each of
+     * the service and host name if they are not null.
+     *
+     * @hide // For Thread only
+     */
+    public void setPublicKey(@Nullable byte[] publicKey) {
+        if (publicKey == null) {
+            mPublicKey = null;
+            return;
+        }
+        mPublicKey = Arrays.copyOf(publicKey, publicKey.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the public key RDATA in the KEY RR (RFC 2535) or {@code null} if no KEY RR exists.
+     *
+     * @hide // For Thread only
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] getPublicKey() {
+        if (mPublicKey == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(mPublicKey, mPublicKey.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Unpack txt information from a base-64 encoded byte array.
      *
      * @param txtRecordsRawBytes The raw base64 encoded byte array.
@@ -622,6 +660,7 @@
         }
         dest.writeString(mHostname);
         dest.writeLong(mExpirationTime != null ? mExpirationTime.getEpochSecond() : -1);
+        dest.writeByteArray(mPublicKey);
     }
 
     /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
@@ -654,6 +693,7 @@
                 info.mHostname = in.readString();
                 final long seconds = in.readLong();
                 info.setExpirationTime(seconds < 0 ? null : Instant.ofEpochSecond(seconds));
+                info.mPublicKey = in.createByteArray();
                 return info;
             }
 
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 026d8a9..d233f3e 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -52,10 +52,14 @@
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 16; // 0x10
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 32; // 0x20
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.blocked_reason_oem_deny_chains") public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY = 128; // 0x80
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 8; // 0x8
     field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.basic_background_restrictions_enabled") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND = 6; // 0x6
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5; // 0x5
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW = 10; // 0xa
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN = 12; // 0xc
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains") public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER = 11; // 0xb
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1 = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2 = 8; // 0x8
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3 = 9; // 0x9
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
index 5d0fe73..f3773de 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@
     // LINT.IfChange(match_type)
     public static final long NO_MATCH = 0;
     public static final long HAPPY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 0);
-    public static final long PENALTY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 1);
+    public static final long PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH = (1 << 1);
     public static final long DOZABLE_MATCH = (1 << 2);
     public static final long STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 3);
     public static final long POWERSAVE_MATCH = (1 << 4);
@@ -79,10 +82,11 @@
     public static final long OEM_DENY_2_MATCH = (1 << 10);
     public static final long OEM_DENY_3_MATCH = (1 << 11);
     public static final long BACKGROUND_MATCH = (1 << 12);
+    public static final long PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH = (1 << 13);
 
     public static final List<Pair<Long, String>> MATCH_LIST = Arrays.asList(
             Pair.create(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH"),
-            Pair.create(PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_MATCH"),
+            Pair.create(PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(DOZABLE_MATCH, "DOZABLE_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(STANDBY_MATCH, "STANDBY_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(POWERSAVE_MATCH, "POWERSAVE_MATCH"),
@@ -93,11 +97,13 @@
             Pair.create(OEM_DENY_1_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_1_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(OEM_DENY_2_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_2_MATCH"),
             Pair.create(OEM_DENY_3_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_3_MATCH"),
-            Pair.create(BACKGROUND_MATCH, "BACKGROUND_MATCH")
+            Pair.create(BACKGROUND_MATCH, "BACKGROUND_MATCH"),
+            Pair.create(PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH")
     );
 
     /**
-     * List of all firewall allow chains.
+     * List of all firewall allow chains that are applied to all networks regardless of meteredness
+     * See {@link #METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS} for allow chains that are only applied to metered networks.
      *
      * Allow chains mean the firewall denies all uids by default, uids must be explicitly allowed.
      */
@@ -110,7 +116,8 @@
     );
 
     /**
-     * List of all firewall deny chains.
+     * List of all firewall deny chains that are applied to all networks regardless of meteredness
+     * See {@link #METERED_DENY_CHAINS} for deny chains that are only applied to metered networks.
      *
      * Deny chains mean the firewall allows all uids by default, uids must be explicitly denied.
      */
@@ -120,5 +127,24 @@
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2,
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3
     );
+
+    /**
+     * List of all firewall allow chains that are only applied to metered networks.
+     * See {@link #ALLOW_CHAINS} for allow chains that are applied to all networks regardless of
+     * meteredness.
+     */
+    public static final List<Integer> METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS = List.of(
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * List of all firewall deny chains that are only applied to metered networks.
+     * See {@link #DENY_CHAINS} for deny chains that are applied to all networks regardless of
+     * meteredness.
+     */
+    public static final List<Integer> METERED_DENY_CHAINS = List.of(
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,
+            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN
+    );
     // LINT.ThenChange(../../../../bpf_progs/netd.h)
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
index 19ecafb..4099e2a 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
@@ -25,18 +25,36 @@
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.MATCH_LIST;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.NO_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_1_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_2_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_3_MATCH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.POWERSAVE_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.RESTRICTED_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.STANDBY_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -47,12 +65,15 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.EINVAL;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
+
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
@@ -70,6 +91,8 @@
 // Note that this class should be put into bootclasspath instead of static libraries.
 // Because modules could have different copies of this class if this is statically linked,
 // which would be problematic if the definitions in these modules are not synchronized.
+// Note that NetworkStack can not use this before U due to b/326143935
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 public class BpfNetMapsUtils {
     // Bitmaps for calculating whether a given uid is blocked by firewall chains.
     private static final long sMaskDropIfSet;
@@ -117,6 +140,12 @@
                 return OEM_DENY_2_MATCH;
             case FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3:
                 return OEM_DENY_3_MATCH;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW:
+                return HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER:
+                return PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH;
+            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN:
+                return PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
             default:
                 throw new ServiceSpecificException(EINVAL, "Invalid firewall chain: " + chain);
         }
@@ -129,9 +158,9 @@
      * DENYLIST means the firewall allows all by default, uids must be explicitly denied
      */
     public static boolean isFirewallAllowList(final int chain) {
-        if (ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+        if (ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
             return true;
-        } else if (DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+        } else if (DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
             return false;
         }
         throw new ServiceSpecificException(EINVAL, "Invalid firewall chain: " + chain);
@@ -221,6 +250,67 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Get blocked reasons for specified uid
+     *
+     * @param uid Target Uid
+     * @return Reasons of network access blocking for an UID
+     */
+    public static int getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(final int uid,
+            IBpfMap<S32, U32> configurationMap,
+            IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap,
+            IBpfMap<S32, U8> dataSaverEnabledMap
+    ) {
+        final long uidRuleConfig;
+        final long uidMatch;
+        try {
+            uidRuleConfig = configurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val;
+            final UidOwnerValue value = uidOwnerMap.getValue(new Struct.S32(uid));
+            uidMatch = (value != null) ? value.rule : 0L;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
+                    "Unable to get firewall chain status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+        final long blockingMatches = (uidRuleConfig & ~uidMatch & sMaskDropIfUnset)
+                | (uidRuleConfig & uidMatch & sMaskDropIfSet);
+
+        int blockedReasons = BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+        if ((blockingMatches & POWERSAVE_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & DOZABLE_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & STANDBY_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & RESTRICTED_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & BACKGROUND_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;
+        }
+        if ((blockingMatches & (OEM_DENY_1_MATCH | OEM_DENY_2_MATCH | OEM_DENY_3_MATCH)) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
+        }
+
+        // Metered chains are not enabled by configuration map currently.
+        if ((uidMatch & PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+        }
+        if ((uidMatch & PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH) != 0) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+        }
+        if ((uidMatch & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) == 0 && getDataSaverEnabled(dataSaverEnabledMap)) {
+            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+        }
+
+        return blockedReasons;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Return whether the network is blocked by firewall chains for the given uid.
      *
      * Note that {@link #getDataSaverEnabled(IBpfMap)} has a latency before V.
@@ -246,27 +336,16 @@
             return false;
         }
 
-        final long uidRuleConfig;
-        final long uidMatch;
-        try {
-            uidRuleConfig = configurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val;
-            final UidOwnerValue value = uidOwnerMap.getValue(new Struct.S32(uid));
-            uidMatch = (value != null) ? value.rule : 0L;
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
-                    "Unable to get firewall chain status: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        final int blockedReasons = getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                uid,
+                configurationMap,
+                uidOwnerMap,
+                dataSaverEnabledMap);
+        if (isNetworkMetered) {
+            return blockedReasons != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+        } else {
+            return (blockedReasons & ~BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK) != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
         }
-
-        final boolean blockedByAllowChains = 0 != (uidRuleConfig & ~uidMatch & sMaskDropIfUnset);
-        final boolean blockedByDenyChains = 0 != (uidRuleConfig & uidMatch & sMaskDropIfSet);
-        if (blockedByAllowChains || blockedByDenyChains) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (!isNetworkMetered) return false;
-        if ((uidMatch & PENALTY_BOX_MATCH) != 0) return true;
-        if ((uidMatch & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH) != 0) return false;
-        return getDataSaverEnabled(dataSaverEnabledMap);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index b1e636d..48ed732 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@
                 "com.android.net.flags.support_is_uid_networking_blocked";
         static final String BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED =
                 "com.android.net.flags.basic_background_restrictions_enabled";
+        static final String METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS =
+                "com.android.net.flags.metered_network_firewall_chains";
+        static final String BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY_CHAINS =
+                "com.android.net.flags.blocked_reason_oem_deny_chains";
     }
 
     /**
@@ -911,6 +915,19 @@
     public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND = 1 << 6;
 
     /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to OEM-specific application restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @see #FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1
+     * @see #FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2
+     * @see #FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY = 1 << 7;
+
+    /**
      * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Data saver restrictions that would
      * result in its metered network access being blocked.
      *
@@ -950,6 +967,7 @@
             BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN,
             BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY,
             BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED,
@@ -1068,6 +1086,61 @@
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3 = 9;
 
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain for allow list on metered networks
+     *
+     * UIDs added to this chain have access to metered networks, unless they're also in one of the
+     * denylist, {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER},
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN}
+     *
+     * Note that this chain is used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables and
+     * can not be controlled by {@link ConnectivityManager#setFirewallChainEnabled}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Merge this chain with data saver and support setFirewallChainEnabled
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain for user-set restrictions on metered networks
+     *
+     * UIDs added to this chain do not have access to metered networks.
+     * UIDs should be added to this chain based on user settings.
+     * To restrict metered network based on admin configuration (e.g. enterprise policies),
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN} should be used.
+     * This chain corresponds to {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED}
+     *
+     * Note that this chain is used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables and
+     * can not be controlled by {@link ConnectivityManager#setFirewallChainEnabled}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Support setFirewallChainEnabled to control this chain
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER = 11;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain for admin-set restrictions on metered networks
+     *
+     * UIDs added to this chain do not have access to metered networks.
+     * UIDs should be added to this chain based on admin configuration (e.g. enterprise policies).
+     * To restrict metered network based on user settings, {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}
+     * should be used.
+     * This chain corresponds to {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED}
+     *
+     * Note that this chain is used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables and
+     * can not be controlled by {@link ConnectivityManager#setFirewallChainEnabled}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Support setFirewallChainEnabled to control this chain
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN = 12;
+
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "FIREWALL_CHAIN_", value = {
@@ -1079,7 +1152,10 @@
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2,
-        FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN
     })
     public @interface FirewallChain {}
 
@@ -6065,7 +6141,7 @@
     })
     public void addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, true /* add */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6088,7 +6164,7 @@
     })
     public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, false /* remove */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6098,10 +6174,17 @@
      * Adds the specified UID to the list of UIDs that are not allowed to use background data on
      * metered networks. Takes precedence over {@link #addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList}.
      *
+     * On V+, {@link #setUidFirewallRule} should be used with
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER} or {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN}
+     * based on the reason so that users can receive {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED}
+     * or {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED}, respectively.
+     * This API always uses {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}.
+     *
      * @param uid uid of target app
      * @throws IllegalStateException if updating deny list failed.
      * @hide
      */
+    // TODO(b/332649177): Deprecate this API after V
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
@@ -6110,7 +6193,7 @@
     })
     public void addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, true /* add */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6121,10 +6204,17 @@
      * networks if background data is not restricted. The deny list takes precedence over the
      * allow list.
      *
+     * On V+, {@link #setUidFirewallRule} should be used with
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER} or {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN}
+     * based on the reason so that users can receive {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED}
+     * or {@link #BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED}, respectively.
+     * This API always uses {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}.
+     *
      * @param uid uid of target app
      * @throws IllegalStateException if updating deny list failed.
      * @hide
      */
+    // TODO(b/332649177): Deprecate this API after V
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
@@ -6133,7 +6223,7 @@
     })
     public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid) {
         try {
-            mService.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, false /* remove */);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -6191,6 +6281,10 @@
     /**
      * Enables or disables the specified firewall chain.
      *
+     * Note that metered firewall chains can not be controlled by this API.
+     * See {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW}, {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER}, and
+     * {@link #FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN} for more detail.
+     *
      * @param chain target chain.
      * @param enable whether the chain should be enabled.
      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on pre-T devices.
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index d3a02b9..55c7085 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -242,10 +242,6 @@
 
     void setDataSaverEnabled(boolean enable);
 
-    void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(int uid, boolean add);
-
-    void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(int uid, boolean add);
-
     void setUidFirewallRule(int chain, int uid, int rule);
 
     int getUidFirewallRule(int chain, int uid);
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
index a80db85..56537d9 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
@@ -99,6 +99,25 @@
     @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public static final long ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK = 319212206L;
 
+    /**
+     * On Android {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM} or higher releases, when
+     * apps targeting Android {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM} or higher
+     * that do not have the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} permission call
+     * {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager#getActiveNetworkInfo()}, the state of the returned
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkInfo} object will always be
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState#BLOCKED}. This is because apps without the
+     * permission cannot access any network.
+     * <p>
+     * For backwards compatibility, apps running on older releases, or targeting older SDK levels,
+     * will instead receive objects with the network's current state,
+     * such as {@link android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState#CONNECTED}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @ChangeId
+    @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    public static final long NETWORKINFO_WITHOUT_INTERNET_BLOCKED = 333340911L;
+
     private ConnectivityCompatChanges() {
     }
 }
diff --git a/netbpfload/Android.bp b/netbpfload/Android.bp
index c39b46c..f278695 100644
--- a/netbpfload/Android.bp
+++ b/netbpfload/Android.bp
@@ -75,3 +75,10 @@
     filename: "netbpfload.33rc",
     installable: false,
 }
+
+prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "netbpfload.35rc",
+    src: "netbpfload.35rc",
+    filename: "netbpfload.35rc",
+    installable: false,
+}
diff --git a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index 83bb98c..ccb6acb 100644
--- a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -51,23 +51,22 @@
 #include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
 #include "loader.h"
 
-using android::base::EndsWith;
-using android::bpf::domain;
+namespace android {
+namespace bpf {
+
+using base::EndsWith;
 using std::string;
 
-bool exists(const char* const path) {
+static bool exists(const char* const path) {
     int v = access(path, F_OK);
-    if (!v) {
-        ALOGI("%s exists.", path);
-        return true;
-    }
+    if (!v) return true;
     if (errno == ENOENT) return false;
     ALOGE("FATAL: access(%s, F_OK) -> %d [%d:%s]", path, v, errno, strerror(errno));
     abort();  // can only hit this if permissions (likely selinux) are screwed up
 }
 
 
-const android::bpf::Location locations[] = {
+const Location locations[] = {
         // S+ Tethering mainline module (network_stack): tether offload
         {
                 .dir = "/apex/com.android.tethering/etc/bpf/",
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@
         },
 };
 
-int loadAllElfObjects(const unsigned int bpfloader_ver, const android::bpf::Location& location) {
+static int loadAllElfObjects(const unsigned int bpfloader_ver, const Location& location) {
     int retVal = 0;
     DIR* dir;
     struct dirent* ent;
@@ -111,12 +110,12 @@
             progPath += s;
 
             bool critical;
-            int ret = android::bpf::loadProg(progPath.c_str(), &critical, bpfloader_ver, location);
+            int ret = loadProg(progPath.c_str(), &critical, bpfloader_ver, location);
             if (ret) {
                 if (critical) retVal = ret;
                 ALOGE("Failed to load object: %s, ret: %s", progPath.c_str(), std::strerror(-ret));
             } else {
-                ALOGI("Loaded object: %s", progPath.c_str());
+                ALOGD("Loaded object: %s", progPath.c_str());
             }
         }
         closedir(dir);
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@
     return retVal;
 }
 
-int createSysFsBpfSubDir(const char* const prefix) {
+static int createSysFsBpfSubDir(const char* const prefix) {
     if (*prefix) {
         mode_t prevUmask = umask(0);
 
@@ -147,8 +146,8 @@
 // Technically 'value' doesn't need to be newline terminated, but it's best
 // to include a newline to match 'echo "value" > /proc/sys/...foo' behaviour,
 // which is usually how kernel devs test the actual sysctl interfaces.
-int writeProcSysFile(const char *filename, const char *value) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+static int writeProcSysFile(const char *filename, const char *value) {
+    base::unique_fd fd(open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (fd < 0) {
         const int err = errno;
         ALOGE("open('%s', O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC) -> %s", filename, strerror(err));
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@
 #define APEX_MOUNT_POINT "/apex/com.android.tethering"
 const char * const platformBpfLoader = "/system/bin/bpfloader";
 
-int logTetheringApexVersion(void) {
+static int logTetheringApexVersion(void) {
     char * found_blockdev = NULL;
     FILE * f = NULL;
     char buf[4096];
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@
     f = NULL;
 
     if (!found_blockdev) return 2;
-    ALOGD("Found Tethering Apex mounted from blockdev %s", found_blockdev);
+    ALOGV("Found Tethering Apex mounted from blockdev %s", found_blockdev);
 
     f = fopen("/proc/mounts", "re");
     if (!f) { free(found_blockdev); return 3; }
@@ -224,12 +223,12 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
-    (void)argc;
-    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+static bool isGSI() {
+    // From //system/gsid/libgsi.cpp IsGsiRunning()
+    return !access("/metadata/gsi/dsu/booted", F_OK);
+}
 
-    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad '%s' starting...", argv[0]);
-
+static int doLoad(char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
     const int device_api_level = android_get_device_api_level();
     const bool isAtLeastT = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_T__);
     const bool isAtLeastU = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_U__);
@@ -240,9 +239,9 @@
     // first in U QPR2 beta~2
     const bool has_platform_netbpfload_rc = exists("/system/etc/init/netbpfload.rc");
 
-    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad api:%d/%d kver:%07x rc:%d%d",
-          android_get_application_target_sdk_version(), device_api_level,
-          android::bpf::kernelVersion(),
+    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad (%s) api:%d/%d kver:%07x (%s) rc:%d%d",
+          argv[0], android_get_application_target_sdk_version(), device_api_level,
+          kernelVersion(), describeArch(),
           has_platform_bpfloader_rc, has_platform_netbpfload_rc);
 
     if (!has_platform_bpfloader_rc && !has_platform_netbpfload_rc) {
@@ -262,27 +261,55 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (isAtLeastT && !android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastT && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0)) {
         ALOGE("Android T requires kernel 4.9.");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (isAtLeastU && !android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastU && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
         ALOGE("Android U requires kernel 4.14.");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (isAtLeastV && !android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastV && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
         ALOGE("Android V requires kernel 4.19.");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (isAtLeastV && android::bpf::isX86() && !android::bpf::isKernel64Bit()) {
+    if (isAtLeastV && isX86() && !isKernel64Bit()) {
         ALOGE("Android V requires X86 kernel to be 64-bit.");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (android::bpf::isUserspace32bit() && android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastV) {
+        bool bad = false;
+
+        if (!isLtsKernel()) {
+            ALOGW("Android V only supports LTS kernels.");
+            bad = true;
+        }
+
+#define REQUIRE(maj, min, sub) \
+        if (isKernelVersion(maj, min) && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(maj, min, sub)) { \
+            ALOGW("Android V requires %d.%d kernel to be %d.%d.%d+.", maj, min, maj, min, sub); \
+            bad = true; \
+        }
+
+        REQUIRE(4, 19, 236)
+        REQUIRE(5, 4, 186)
+        REQUIRE(5, 10, 199)
+        REQUIRE(5, 15, 136)
+        REQUIRE(6, 1, 57)
+        REQUIRE(6, 6, 0)
+
+#undef REQUIRE
+
+        if (bad && !isGSI()) {
+            ALOGE("Unsupported kernel version (%07x).", kernelVersion());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) {
         /* Android 14/U should only launch on 64-bit kernels
          *   T launches on 5.10/5.15
          *   U launches on 5.15/6.1
@@ -307,19 +334,19 @@
     }
 
     // Ensure we can determine the Android build type.
-    if (!android::bpf::isEng() && !android::bpf::isUser() && !android::bpf::isUserdebug()) {
+    if (!isEng() && !isUser() && !isUserdebug()) {
         ALOGE("Failed to determine the build type: got %s, want 'eng', 'user', or 'userdebug'",
-              android::bpf::getBuildType().c_str());
+              getBuildType().c_str());
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (false && isAtLeastV) {
+    if (isAtLeastV) {
         // Linux 5.16-rc1 changed the default to 2 (disabled but changeable),
         // but we need 0 (enabled)
         // (this writeFile is known to fail on at least 4.19, but always defaults to 0 on
         // pre-5.13, on 5.13+ it depends on CONFIG_BPF_UNPRIV_DEFAULT_OFF)
         if (writeProcSysFile("/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled", "0\n") &&
-            android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 13, 0)) return 1;
+            isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 13, 0)) return 1;
     }
 
     if (isAtLeastU) {
@@ -373,14 +400,14 @@
 
     int key = 1;
     int value = 123;
-    android::base::unique_fd map(
-            android::bpf::createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(key), sizeof(value), 2, 0));
-    if (android::bpf::writeToMapEntry(map, &key, &value, BPF_ANY)) {
+    base::unique_fd map(
+            createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(key), sizeof(value), 2, 0));
+    if (writeToMapEntry(map, &key, &value, BPF_ANY)) {
         ALOGE("Critical kernel bug - failure to write into index 1 of 2 element bpf map array.");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (false && isAtLeastV) {
+    if (isAtLeastV) {
         ALOGI("done, transferring control to platform bpfloader.");
 
         const char * args[] = { platformBpfLoader, NULL, };
@@ -392,3 +419,21 @@
     ALOGI("mainline done!");
     return 0;
 }
+
+}  // namespace bpf
+}  // namespace android
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+
+    if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "done")) {
+        // we're being re-exec'ed from platform bpfloader to 'finalize' things
+        if (!android::base::SetProperty("bpf.progs_loaded", "1")) {
+            ALOGE("Failed to set bpf.progs_loaded property to 1.");
+            return 125;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return android::bpf::doLoad(argv, envp);
+}
diff --git a/netbpfload/loader.cpp b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
index 9dd0d2a..2b5f5c7 100644
--- a/netbpfload/loader.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "NetBpfLoader"
+#define LOG_TAG "NetBpfLoad"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
 
         ret = readSectionByIdx(elfFile, i, cs_temp.data);
         if (ret) return ret;
-        ALOGD("Loaded code section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
+        ALOGV("Loaded code section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
 
         vector<string> csSymNames;
         ret = getSectionSymNames(elfFile, oldName, csSymNames, STT_FUNC);
@@ -532,13 +532,13 @@
             if (name == (".rel" + oldName)) {
                 ret = readSectionByIdx(elfFile, i + 1, cs_temp.rel_data);
                 if (ret) return ret;
-                ALOGD("Loaded relo section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
+                ALOGV("Loaded relo section %d (%s)", i, name.c_str());
             }
         }
 
         if (cs_temp.data.size() > 0) {
             cs.push_back(std::move(cs_temp));
-            ALOGD("Adding section %d to cs list", i);
+            ALOGV("Adding section %d to cs list", i);
         }
     }
     return 0;
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@
               .max_entries = max_entries,
               .map_flags = md[i].map_flags,
             };
-            if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0))
+            if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 15, 0))
                 strlcpy(req.map_name, mapNames[i].c_str(), sizeof(req.map_name));
             fd.reset(bpf(BPF_MAP_CREATE, req));
             saved_errno = errno;
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@
 
     // Occasionally might be useful for relocation debugging, but pretty spammy
     if (0) {
-        ALOGD("applying relo to instruction at byte offset: %llu, "
+        ALOGV("applying relo to instruction at byte offset: %llu, "
               "insn offset %d, insn %llx",
               (unsigned long long)offset, insnIndex, *(unsigned long long*)insn);
     }
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@
               .log_size = static_cast<__u32>(log_buf.size()),
               .expected_attach_type = cs[i].expected_attach_type,
             };
-            if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0))
+            if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 15, 0))
                 strlcpy(req.prog_name, cs[i].name.c_str(), sizeof(req.prog_name));
             fd.reset(bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD, req));
 
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)mapFds.size(); i++)
-        ALOGD("map_fd found at %d is %d in %s", i, mapFds[i].get(), elfPath);
+        ALOGV("map_fd found at %d is %d in %s", i, mapFds[i].get(), elfPath);
 
     applyMapRelo(elfFile, mapFds, cs);
 
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.35rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.35rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fbcb5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netbpfload/netbpfload.35rc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+service bpfloader /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload
+    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
+    group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
+    user root
+    file /dev/kmsg w
+    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
+    oneshot
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
+    override
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index 0d75c05..b535ebf 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@
         // Make sure BPF programs are loaded before doing anything
         ALOGI("Waiting for BPF programs");
 
-        if (true || !modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
+        // TODO: use !modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() once api finalized
+        if (android_get_device_api_level() < __ANDROID_API_V__) {
             waitForNetProgsLoaded();
             ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
index 42a922d..385adc6 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
@@ -247,12 +247,15 @@
      * @param isLegacy Whether this call is using legacy backend.
      * @param transactionId The transaction id of service resolution.
      * @param durationMs The duration before stop resolving the service.
+     * @param sentQueryCount The count of sent queries during resolving.
      */
-    public void reportServiceResolutionStop(boolean isLegacy, int transactionId, long durationMs) {
+    public void reportServiceResolutionStop(boolean isLegacy, int transactionId, long durationMs,
+            int sentQueryCount) {
         final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder(isLegacy, transactionId);
         builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE);
         builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_STOP);
         builder.setEventDurationMillisec(durationMs);
+        builder.setSentQueryCount(sentQueryCount);
         mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
index ea91e64..54b9ced 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
@@ -1877,6 +1877,10 @@
         mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
                 android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, "IpsecService#getTransformState");
 
+        if (transformId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("This transform is already closed");
+        }
+
         UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
         TransformRecord transformInfo =
                 userRecord.mTransformRecords.getResourceOrThrow(transformId);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
index 46c435f..0a8adf0 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@
     private static final int NO_SENT_QUERY_COUNT = 0;
     private static final int DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK = 1000;
     private static final int MAX_SUBTYPE_COUNT = 100;
+    private static final int DNSSEC_PROTOCOL = 3;
     private static final SharedLog LOGGER = new SharedLog("serviceDiscovery");
 
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static class MdnsListener implements MdnsServiceBrowserListener {
+    abstract static class MdnsListener implements MdnsServiceBrowserListener {
         protected final int mClientRequestId;
         protected final int mTransactionId;
         @NonNull
@@ -321,6 +322,10 @@
 
         @Override
         public void onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(int receivedPacketNumber, int errorCode) { }
+
+        // Ensure toString gets overridden
+        @NonNull
+        public abstract String toString();
     }
 
     private class DiscoveryListener extends MdnsListener {
@@ -351,13 +356,21 @@
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK, new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId));
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("DiscoveryListener: serviceType=%s", getListenedServiceType());
+        }
     }
 
     private class ResolutionListener extends MdnsListener {
+        private final String mServiceName;
 
         ResolutionListener(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                @NonNull String listenServiceType) {
+                @NonNull String listenServiceType, @NonNull String serviceName) {
             super(clientRequestId, transactionId, listenServiceType);
+            mServiceName = serviceName;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -373,13 +386,22 @@
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK, new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId));
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("ResolutionListener serviceName=%s, serviceType=%s",
+                    mServiceName, getListenedServiceType());
+        }
     }
 
     private class ServiceInfoListener extends MdnsListener {
+        private final String mServiceName;
 
         ServiceInfoListener(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                @NonNull String listenServiceType) {
+                @NonNull String listenServiceType, @NonNull String serviceName) {
             super(clientRequestId, transactionId, listenServiceType);
+            this.mServiceName = serviceName;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -410,6 +432,13 @@
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     DISCOVERY_QUERY_SENT_CALLBACK, new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId));
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("ServiceInfoListener serviceName=%s, serviceType=%s",
+                    mServiceName, getListenedServiceType());
+        }
     }
 
     private class SocketRequestMonitor implements MdnsSocketProvider.SocketRequestMonitor {
@@ -656,9 +685,12 @@
             }
 
             private void storeAdvertiserRequestMap(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                    ClientInfo clientInfo, @Nullable Network requestedNetwork) {
+                    ClientInfo clientInfo, @NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                final String serviceFullName =
+                        serviceInfo.getServiceName() + "." + serviceInfo.getServiceType();
                 clientInfo.mClientRequests.put(clientRequestId, new AdvertiserClientRequest(
-                        transactionId, requestedNetwork, mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                        transactionId, serviceInfo.getNetwork(), serviceFullName,
+                        mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                 mTransactionIdToClientInfoMap.put(transactionId, clientInfo);
                 updateMulticastLock();
             }
@@ -978,6 +1010,17 @@
                                 break;
                             }
 
+                            if (!checkPublicKey(serviceInfo.getPublicKey())) {
+                                Log.e(TAG,
+                                        "Invalid public key: "
+                                                + Arrays.toString(serviceInfo.getPublicKey()));
+                                clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(
+                                        clientRequestId,
+                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS,
+                                        false /* isLegacy */);
+                                break;
+                            }
+
                             Set<String> subtypes = new ArraySet<>(serviceInfo.getSubtypes());
                             if (typeSubtype != null && typeSubtype.second != null) {
                                 for (String subType : typeSubtype.second) {
@@ -1010,7 +1053,7 @@
                             mAdvertiser.addOrUpdateService(transactionId, serviceInfo,
                                     mdnsAdvertisingOptions, clientInfo.mUid);
                             storeAdvertiserRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo,
-                                    serviceInfo.getNetwork());
+                                    serviceInfo);
                         } else {
                             maybeStartDaemon();
                             transactionId = getUniqueId();
@@ -1104,7 +1147,7 @@
 
                             maybeStartMonitoringSockets();
                             final MdnsListener listener = new ResolutionListener(clientRequestId,
-                                    transactionId, resolveServiceType);
+                                    transactionId, resolveServiceType, info.getServiceName());
                             final int ifaceIdx = info.getNetwork() != null
                                     ? 0 : info.getInterfaceIndex();
                             final MdnsSearchOptions options = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
@@ -1207,7 +1250,7 @@
 
                         maybeStartMonitoringSockets();
                         final MdnsListener listener = new ServiceInfoListener(clientRequestId,
-                                transactionId, resolveServiceType);
+                                transactionId, resolveServiceType, info.getServiceName());
                         final int ifIndex = info.getNetwork() != null
                                 ? 0 : info.getInterfaceIndex();
                         final MdnsSearchOptions options = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
@@ -1794,15 +1837,42 @@
      * <p>For now NsdService only allows single-label hostnames conforming to RFC 1035. In other
      * words, the hostname should be at most 63 characters long and it only contains letters, digits
      * and hyphens.
+     *
+     * <p>Additionally, this allows hostname starting with a digit to support Matter devices. Per
+     * Matter spec 4.3.1.1:
+     *
+     * <p>The target host name SHALL be constructed using one of the available link-layer addresses,
+     * such as a 48-bit device MAC address (for Ethernet and Wi‑Fi) or a 64-bit MAC Extended Address
+     * (for Thread) expressed as a fixed-length twelve-character (or sixteen-character) hexadecimal
+     * string, encoded as ASCII (UTF-8) text using capital letters, e.g., B75AFB458ECD.<domain>.
      */
     public static boolean checkHostname(@Nullable String hostname) {
         if (hostname == null) {
             return true;
         }
-        String HOSTNAME_REGEX = "^[a-zA-Z]([a-zA-Z0-9-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?$";
+        String HOSTNAME_REGEX = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?$";
         return Pattern.compile(HOSTNAME_REGEX).matcher(hostname).matches();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checks if the public key is valid.
+     *
+     * <p>For simplicity, it only checks if the protocol is DNSSEC and the RDATA is not fewer than 4
+     * bytes. See RFC 3445 Section 3.
+     *
+     * <p>Message format: flags (2 bytes), protocol (1 byte), algorithm (1 byte), public key.
+     */
+    private static boolean checkPublicKey(@Nullable byte[] publicKey) {
+        if (publicKey == null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (publicKey.length < 4) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int protocol = publicKey[2];
+        return protocol == DNSSEC_PROTOCOL;
+    }
+
     /** Returns {@code true} if {@code subtype} is a valid DNS-SD subtype label. */
     private static boolean checkSubtypeLabel(String subtype) {
         return Pattern.compile("^" + SUBTYPE_LABEL_REGEX + "$").matcher(subtype).matches();
@@ -2551,6 +2621,17 @@
         // Dump state machine logs
         mNsdStateMachine.dump(fd, pw, args);
 
+        // Dump clients
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Active clients:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(mNsdStateMachine.getHandler(), () -> {
+            for (ClientInfo clientInfo : mClients.values()) {
+                pw.println(clientInfo.toString());
+            }
+        }, 10_000);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
         // Dump service and clients logs
         pw.println();
         pw.println("Logs:");
@@ -2623,6 +2704,21 @@
         public int getSentQueryCount() {
             return mSentQueryCount;
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return getRequestDescriptor() + " {" + mTransactionId
+                    + ", startTime " + mStartTimeMs
+                    + ", foundServices " + mFoundServiceCount
+                    + ", lostServices " + mLostServiceCount
+                    + ", fromCache " + mIsServiceFromCache
+                    + ", sentQueries " + mSentQueryCount
+                    + "}";
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        protected abstract String getRequestDescriptor();
     }
 
     private static class LegacyClientRequest extends ClientRequest {
@@ -2632,6 +2728,12 @@
             super(transactionId, startTimeMs);
             mRequestCode = requestCode;
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        protected String getRequestDescriptor() {
+            return "Legacy (" + mRequestCode + ")";
+        }
     }
 
     private abstract static class JavaBackendClientRequest extends ClientRequest {
@@ -2651,9 +2753,20 @@
     }
 
     private static class AdvertiserClientRequest extends JavaBackendClientRequest {
+        @NonNull
+        private final String mServiceFullName;
+
         private AdvertiserClientRequest(int transactionId, @Nullable Network requestedNetwork,
-                long startTimeMs) {
+                @NonNull String serviceFullName, long startTimeMs) {
             super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, startTimeMs);
+            mServiceFullName = serviceFullName;
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String getRequestDescriptor() {
+            return String.format("Advertiser: serviceFullName=%s, net=%s",
+                    mServiceFullName, getRequestedNetwork());
         }
     }
 
@@ -2666,6 +2779,12 @@
             super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, startTimeMs);
             mListener = listener;
         }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String getRequestDescriptor() {
+            return String.format("Discovery/%s, net=%s", mListener, getRequestedNetwork());
+        }
     }
 
     /* Information tracked per client */
@@ -2710,17 +2829,15 @@
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-            sb.append("mResolvedService ").append(mResolvedService).append("\n");
-            sb.append("mIsLegacy ").append(mIsPreSClient).append("\n");
-            sb.append("mUseJavaBackend ").append(mUseJavaBackend).append("\n");
-            sb.append("mUid ").append(mUid).append("\n");
+            sb.append("mUid ").append(mUid).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mResolvedService ").append(mResolvedService).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mIsLegacy ").append(mIsPreSClient).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mUseJavaBackend ").append(mUseJavaBackend).append(", ");
+            sb.append("mClientRequests:\n");
             for (int i = 0; i < mClientRequests.size(); i++) {
                 int clientRequestId = mClientRequests.keyAt(i);
-                sb.append("clientRequestId ")
-                        .append(clientRequestId)
-                        .append(" transactionId ").append(mClientRequests.valueAt(i).mTransactionId)
-                        .append(" type ").append(
-                                mClientRequests.valueAt(i).getClass().getSimpleName())
+                sb.append("  ").append(clientRequestId)
+                        .append(": ").append(mClientRequests.valueAt(i).toString())
                         .append("\n");
             }
             return sb.toString();
@@ -2773,7 +2890,8 @@
                                 request.getSentQueryCount());
                     } else if (listener instanceof ResolutionListener) {
                         mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(false /* isLegacy */, transactionId,
-                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                                request.getSentQueryCount());
                     } else if (listener instanceof ServiceInfoListener) {
                         mMetrics.reportServiceInfoCallbackUnregistered(transactionId,
                                 request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
@@ -2814,7 +2932,8 @@
                     case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE:
                         stopResolveService(transactionId);
                         mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(true /* isLegacy */, transactionId,
-                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                                NO_SENT_QUERY_COUNT);
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE:
                         unregisterService(transactionId);
@@ -3030,7 +3149,8 @@
             mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(
                     isLegacyClientRequest(request),
                     request.mTransactionId,
-                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                    request.getSentQueryCount());
             try {
                 mCb.onStopResolutionSucceeded(listenerKey);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index 98c2d86..42efcac 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -448,10 +448,11 @@
         /**
          * Get the ID of a conflicting registration due to host, or -1 if none.
          *
-         * <p>It's valid that multiple registrations from the same user are using the same hostname.
-         *
          * <p>If there's already another registration with the same hostname requested by another
-         * user, this is considered a conflict.
+         * user, this is a conflict.
+         *
+         * <p>If there're two registrations both containing address records using the same hostname,
+         * this is a conflict.
          */
         int getConflictingRegistrationDueToHost(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info, int clientUid) {
             if (TextUtils.isEmpty(info.getHostname())) {
@@ -460,10 +461,17 @@
             for (int i = 0; i < mPendingRegistrations.size(); i++) {
                 final Registration otherRegistration = mPendingRegistrations.valueAt(i);
                 final NsdServiceInfo otherInfo = otherRegistration.getServiceInfo();
+                final int otherServiceId = mPendingRegistrations.keyAt(i);
                 if (clientUid != otherRegistration.mClientUid
                         && MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
                                 info.getHostname(), otherInfo.getHostname())) {
-                    return mPendingRegistrations.keyAt(i);
+                    return otherServiceId;
+                }
+                if (!info.getHostAddresses().isEmpty()
+                        && !otherInfo.getHostAddresses().isEmpty()
+                        && MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+                                info.getHostname(), otherInfo.getHostname())) {
+                    return otherServiceId;
                 }
             }
             return -1;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsKeyRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsKeyRecord.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8a56e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsKeyRecord.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.toHexString;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/** An mDNS "KEY" record, which contains a public key for a name. See RFC 2535. */
+@VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
+public class MdnsKeyRecord extends MdnsRecord {
+    @Nullable private byte[] rData;
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, @NonNull MdnsPacketReader reader)
+            throws IOException {
+        this(name, reader, false);
+    }
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, @NonNull MdnsPacketReader reader,
+            boolean isQuestion) throws IOException {
+        super(name, TYPE_KEY, reader, isQuestion);
+    }
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, boolean isUnicast) {
+        super(name, TYPE_KEY,
+                MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET | (isUnicast ? MdnsConstants.QCLASS_UNICAST : 0),
+                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, false /* cacheFlush */, 0L /* ttlMillis */);
+    }
+
+    public MdnsKeyRecord(@NonNull String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush,
+            long ttlMillis, @Nullable byte[] rData) {
+        super(name, TYPE_KEY, MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET, receiptTimeMillis, cacheFlush,
+                ttlMillis);
+        if (rData != null) {
+            this.rData = Arrays.copyOf(rData, rData.length);
+        }
+    }
+    /** Returns the KEY RDATA in bytes **/
+    public byte[] getRData() {
+        if (rData == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(rData, rData.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void readData(MdnsPacketReader reader) throws IOException {
+        rData = new byte[reader.getRemaining()];
+        reader.readBytes(rData);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void writeData(MdnsPacketWriter writer) throws IOException {
+        if (rData != null) {
+            writer.writeBytes(rData);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "KEY: " + toHexString(rData);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return (super.hashCode() * 31) + Arrays.hashCode(rData);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!(other instanceof MdnsKeyRecord)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return super.equals(other) && Arrays.equals(rData, ((MdnsKeyRecord) other).rData);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java
index 83ecabc..aef8211 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacket.java
@@ -196,6 +196,15 @@
                 }
             }
 
+            case MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY: {
+                try {
+                    return new MdnsKeyRecord(name, reader, isQuestion);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    throw new ParseException(MdnsResponseErrorCode.ERROR_READING_KEY_RDATA,
+                            "Failed to read KEY record from mDNS response.", e);
+                }
+            }
+
             case MdnsRecord.TYPE_NSEC: {
                 try {
                     return new MdnsNsecRecord(name, reader, isQuestion);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
index 1f9f42b..b865319 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
     public static final int TYPE_PTR = 0x000C;
     public static final int TYPE_SRV = 0x0021;
     public static final int TYPE_TXT = 0x0010;
+    public static final int TYPE_KEY = 0x0019;
     public static final int TYPE_NSEC = 0x002f;
     public static final int TYPE_ANY = 0x00ff;
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
index 073e465..36f3982 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
@@ -87,6 +88,12 @@
     private static final String[] DNS_SD_SERVICE_TYPE =
             new String[] { "_services", "_dns-sd", "_udp", LOCAL_TLD };
 
+    private enum RecordConflictType {
+        NO_CONFLICT,
+        CONFLICT,
+        IDENTICAL
+    }
+
     @NonNull
     private final Random mDelayGenerator = new Random();
     // Map of service unique ID -> records for service
@@ -97,6 +104,8 @@
     @NonNull
     private final Looper mLooper;
     @NonNull
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    @NonNull
     private final String[] mDeviceHostname;
     @NonNull
     private final MdnsFeatureFlags mMdnsFeatureFlags;
@@ -111,6 +120,7 @@
             @NonNull String[] deviceHostname, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
         mDeviceHostname = deviceHostname;
         mLooper = looper;
+        mDeps = deps;
         mMdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
     }
 
@@ -127,6 +137,10 @@
         public Enumeration<InetAddress> getInterfaceInetAddresses(@NonNull NetworkInterface iface) {
             return iface.getInetAddresses();
         }
+
+        public long elapsedRealTime() {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        }
     }
 
     private static class RecordInfo<T extends MdnsRecord> {
@@ -140,17 +154,25 @@
         public final boolean isSharedName;
 
         /**
-         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when advertised via multicast, 0 if never
+         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when advertised via multicast on IPv4, 0
+         * if never
          */
-        public long lastAdvertisedTimeMs;
+        public long lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs;
 
         /**
-         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when sent via unicast or multicast,
-         * 0 if never
+         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when advertised via multicast on IPv6, 0
+         * if never
          */
-        // FIXME: the `lastSentTimeMs` and `lastAdvertisedTimeMs` should be maintained separately
-        // for IPv4 and IPv6, because neither IPv4 nor and IPv6 clients can receive replies in
-        // different address space.
+        public long lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs;
+
+        /**
+         * Last time (as per SystemClock.elapsedRealtime) when sent via unicast or multicast, 0 if
+         * never.
+         *
+         * <p>Different from lastAdvertisedOnIpv(4|6)TimeMs, lastSentTimeMs is mainly used for
+         * tracking is a record is ever sent out, no matter unicast/multicast or IPv4/IPv6. It's
+         * unnecessary to maintain two versions (IPv4/IPv6) for it.
+         */
         public long lastSentTimeMs;
 
         RecordInfo(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, T record, boolean sharedName) {
@@ -169,6 +191,10 @@
         public final RecordInfo<MdnsServiceRecord> srvRecord;
         @Nullable
         public final RecordInfo<MdnsTextRecord> txtRecord;
+        @Nullable
+        public final RecordInfo<MdnsKeyRecord> serviceKeyRecord;
+        @Nullable
+        public final RecordInfo<MdnsKeyRecord> hostKeyRecord;
         @NonNull
         public final List<RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord>> addressRecords;
         @NonNull
@@ -230,7 +256,6 @@
                 nameRecordsTtlMillis = DEFAULT_NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS;
             }
 
-            final boolean hasService = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceType());
             final boolean hasCustomHost = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getHostname());
             final String[] hostname =
                     hasCustomHost
@@ -238,9 +263,11 @@
                             : deviceHostname;
             final ArrayList<RecordInfo<?>> allRecords = new ArrayList<>(5);
 
-            if (hasService) {
-                final String[] serviceType = splitServiceType(serviceInfo);
-                final String[] serviceName = splitFullyQualifiedName(serviceInfo, serviceType);
+            final boolean hasService = !TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceType());
+            final String[] serviceType = hasService ? splitServiceType(serviceInfo) : null;
+            final String[] serviceName =
+                    hasService ? splitFullyQualifiedName(serviceInfo, serviceType) : null;
+            if (hasService && hasSrvRecord(serviceInfo)) {
                 // Service PTR records
                 ptrRecords = new ArrayList<>(serviceInfo.getSubtypes().size() + 1);
                 ptrRecords.add(new RecordInfo<>(
@@ -321,6 +348,36 @@
                 addressRecords = Collections.emptyList();
             }
 
+            final boolean hasKey = hasKeyRecord(serviceInfo);
+            if (hasKey && hasService) {
+                this.serviceKeyRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                serviceName,
+                                0L /*receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                serviceInfo.getPublicKey()),
+                        false /* sharedName */);
+                allRecords.add(this.serviceKeyRecord);
+            } else {
+                this.serviceKeyRecord = null;
+            }
+            if (hasKey && hasCustomHost) {
+                this.hostKeyRecord = new RecordInfo<>(
+                        serviceInfo,
+                        new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                hostname,
+                                0L /*receiptTimeMillis */,
+                                true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                nameRecordsTtlMillis,
+                                serviceInfo.getPublicKey()),
+                        false /* sharedName */);
+                allRecords.add(this.hostKeyRecord);
+            } else {
+                this.hostKeyRecord = null;
+            }
+
             this.allRecords = Collections.unmodifiableList(allRecords);
             this.repliedServiceCount = repliedServiceCount;
             this.sentPacketCount = sentPacketCount;
@@ -471,6 +528,22 @@
                             ? inetAddressRecord.getInet6Address()
                             : inetAddressRecord.getInet4Address()));
         }
+
+        List<MdnsKeyRecord> keyRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (registration.serviceKeyRecord != null) {
+            keyRecords.add(registration.serviceKeyRecord.record);
+        }
+        if (registration.hostKeyRecord != null) {
+            keyRecords.add(registration.hostKeyRecord.record);
+        }
+        for (MdnsKeyRecord keyRecord : keyRecords) {
+            probingRecords.add(new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                            keyRecord.getName(),
+                            0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                            false /* cacheFlush */,
+                            keyRecord.getTtl(),
+                            keyRecord.getRData()));
+        }
         return new MdnsProber.ProbingInfo(serviceId, probingRecords);
     }
 
@@ -577,7 +650,8 @@
      */
     @Nullable
     public MdnsReplyInfo getReply(MdnsPacket packet, InetSocketAddress src) {
-        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        final long now = mDeps.elapsedRealTime();
+        final boolean isQuestionOnIpv4 = src.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
 
         // TODO: b/322142420 - Set<RecordInfo<?>> may contain duplicate records wrapped in different
         // RecordInfo<?>s when custom host is enabled.
@@ -595,7 +669,7 @@
                     null /* serviceSrvRecord */, null /* serviceTxtRecord */,
                     null /* hostname */,
                     replyUnicastEnabled, now, answerInfo, additionalAnswerInfo,
-                    Collections.emptyList())) {
+                    Collections.emptyList(), isQuestionOnIpv4)) {
                 replyUnicast &= question.isUnicastReplyRequested();
             }
 
@@ -607,7 +681,7 @@
                         registration.srvRecord, registration.txtRecord,
                         registration.serviceInfo.getHostname(),
                         replyUnicastEnabled, now,
-                        answerInfo, additionalAnswerInfo, packet.answers)) {
+                        answerInfo, additionalAnswerInfo, packet.answers, isQuestionOnIpv4)) {
                     replyUnicast &= question.isUnicastReplyRequested();
                     registration.repliedServiceCount++;
                     registration.sentPacketCount++;
@@ -685,7 +759,7 @@
             // multicast responses. Unicast replies are faster as they do not need to wait for the
             // beacon interval on Wi-Fi.
             dest = src;
-        } else if (src.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+        } else if (isQuestionOnIpv4) {
             dest = IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR;
         } else {
             dest = IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR;
@@ -697,7 +771,11 @@
             // TODO: consider actual packet send delay after response aggregation
             info.lastSentTimeMs = now + delayMs;
             if (!replyUnicast) {
-                info.lastAdvertisedTimeMs = info.lastSentTimeMs;
+                if (isQuestionOnIpv4) {
+                    info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs = info.lastSentTimeMs;
+                } else {
+                    info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs = info.lastSentTimeMs;
+                }
             }
             // Different RecordInfos may the contain the same record
             if (!answerRecords.contains(info.record)) {
@@ -729,7 +807,8 @@
             @Nullable String hostname,
             boolean replyUnicastEnabled, long now, @NonNull Set<RecordInfo<?>> answerInfo,
             @NonNull Set<RecordInfo<?>> additionalAnswerInfo,
-            @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> knownAnswerRecords) {
+            @NonNull List<MdnsRecord> knownAnswerRecords,
+            boolean isQuestionOnIpv4) {
         boolean hasDnsSdPtrRecordAnswer = false;
         boolean hasDnsSdSrvRecordAnswer = false;
         boolean hasFullyOwnedNameMatch = false;
@@ -778,10 +857,20 @@
 
             // TODO: responses to probe queries should bypass this check and only ensure the
             // reply is sent 250ms after the last sent time (RFC 6762 p.15)
-            if (!(replyUnicastEnabled && question.isUnicastReplyRequested())
-                    && info.lastAdvertisedTimeMs > 0L
-                    && now - info.lastAdvertisedTimeMs < MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) {
-                continue;
+            if (!(replyUnicastEnabled && question.isUnicastReplyRequested())) {
+                if (isQuestionOnIpv4) { // IPv4
+                    if (info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs > 0L
+                            && now - info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs
+                                    < MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else { // IPv6
+                    if (info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs > 0L
+                            && now - info.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs
+                                    < MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             answerInfo.add(info);
@@ -1070,18 +1159,15 @@
                 Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
     }
 
-    /** Check if the record is in any service registration */
-    private boolean hasInetAddressRecord(@NonNull MdnsInetAddressRecord record) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < mServices.size(); i++) {
-            final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.valueAt(i);
-            if (registration.exiting) continue;
-
-            for (RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord> localRecord : registration.addressRecords) {
-                if (Objects.equals(localRecord.record, record)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
+    /** Check if the record is in a registration */
+    private static boolean hasInetAddressRecord(
+            @NonNull ServiceRegistration registration, @NonNull MdnsInetAddressRecord record) {
+        for (RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord> localRecord : registration.addressRecords) {
+            if (Objects.equals(localRecord.record, record)) {
+                return true;
             }
         }
+
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -1093,99 +1179,125 @@
      * {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser#CONFLICT_HOST}.
      */
     public Map<Integer, Integer> getConflictingServices(MdnsPacket packet) {
-        // Avoid allocating a new set for each incoming packet: use an empty set by default.
-        Map<Integer, Integer> conflicting = Collections.emptyMap();
+        Map<Integer, Integer> conflicting = new ArrayMap<>();
         for (MdnsRecord record : packet.answers) {
+            SparseIntArray conflictingWithRecord = new SparseIntArray();
             for (int i = 0; i < mServices.size(); i++) {
                 final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.valueAt(i);
                 if (registration.exiting) continue;
 
-                int conflictType = 0;
+                final RecordConflictType conflictForService =
+                        conflictForService(record, registration);
+                final RecordConflictType conflictForHost = conflictForHost(record, registration);
 
-                if (conflictForService(record, registration)) {
-                    conflictType |= CONFLICT_SERVICE;
+                // Identical record is found in the repository so there won't be a conflict.
+                if (conflictForService == RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL
+                        || conflictForHost == RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL) {
+                    conflictingWithRecord.clear();
+                    break;
                 }
 
-                if (conflictForHost(record, registration)) {
+                int conflictType = 0;
+                if (conflictForService == RecordConflictType.CONFLICT) {
+                    conflictType |= CONFLICT_SERVICE;
+                }
+                if (conflictForHost == RecordConflictType.CONFLICT) {
                     conflictType |= CONFLICT_HOST;
                 }
 
                 if (conflictType != 0) {
-                    if (conflicting.isEmpty()) {
-                        // Conflict was found: use a mutable set
-                        conflicting = new ArrayMap<>();
-                    }
                     final int serviceId = mServices.keyAt(i);
-                    conflicting.put(serviceId, conflictType);
+                    conflictingWithRecord.put(serviceId, conflictType);
                 }
             }
+            for (int i = 0; i < conflictingWithRecord.size(); i++) {
+                final int serviceId = conflictingWithRecord.keyAt(i);
+                final int conflictType = conflictingWithRecord.valueAt(i);
+                final int oldConflictType = conflicting.getOrDefault(serviceId, 0);
+                conflicting.put(serviceId, oldConflictType | conflictType);
+            }
         }
 
         return conflicting;
     }
 
-
-    private static boolean conflictForService(
+    private static RecordConflictType conflictForService(
             @NonNull MdnsRecord record, @NonNull ServiceRegistration registration) {
-        if (registration.srvRecord == null) {
-            return false;
+        String[] fullServiceName;
+        if (registration.srvRecord != null) {
+            fullServiceName = registration.srvRecord.record.getName();
+        } else if (registration.serviceKeyRecord != null) {
+            fullServiceName = registration.serviceKeyRecord.record.getName();
+        } else {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
         }
 
-        final RecordInfo<MdnsServiceRecord> srvRecord = registration.srvRecord;
-        if (!MdnsUtils.equalsDnsLabelIgnoreDnsCase(record.getName(), srvRecord.record.getName())) {
-            return false;
+        if (!MdnsUtils.equalsDnsLabelIgnoreDnsCase(record.getName(), fullServiceName)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
         }
 
         // As per RFC6762 9., it's fine if the "conflict" is an identical record with same
         // data.
-        if (record instanceof MdnsServiceRecord) {
-            final MdnsServiceRecord local = srvRecord.record;
-            final MdnsServiceRecord other = (MdnsServiceRecord) record;
-            // Note "equals" does not consider TTL or receipt time, as intended here
-            if (Objects.equals(local, other)) {
-                return false;
-            }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsServiceRecord && equals(record, registration.srvRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsTextRecord && equals(record, registration.txtRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsKeyRecord && equals(record, registration.serviceKeyRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
         }
 
-        if (record instanceof MdnsTextRecord) {
-            final MdnsTextRecord local = registration.txtRecord.record;
-            final MdnsTextRecord other = (MdnsTextRecord) record;
-            if (Objects.equals(local, other)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
+        return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
     }
 
-    private boolean conflictForHost(
+    private RecordConflictType conflictForHost(
             @NonNull MdnsRecord record, @NonNull ServiceRegistration registration) {
         // Only custom hosts are checked. When using the default host, the hostname is derived from
         // a UUID and it's supposed to be unique.
         if (registration.serviceInfo.getHostname() == null) {
-            return false;
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        // It cannot be a hostname conflict because no record is registered with the hostname.
+        if (registration.addressRecords.isEmpty() && registration.hostKeyRecord == null) {
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
         }
 
         // The record's name cannot be registered by NsdManager so it's not a conflict.
         if (record.getName().length != 2 || !record.getName()[1].equals(LOCAL_TLD)) {
-            return false;
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
         }
 
         // Different names. There won't be a conflict.
         if (!MdnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
                 record.getName()[0], registration.serviceInfo.getHostname())) {
-            return false;
+            return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
         }
 
-        // If this registration has any address record and there's no identical record in the
-        // repository, it's a conflict. There will be no conflict if no registration has addresses
-        // for that hostname.
-        if (record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord) {
-            if (!registration.addressRecords.isEmpty()) {
-                return !hasInetAddressRecord((MdnsInetAddressRecord) record);
-            }
+        // As per RFC6762 9., it's fine if the "conflict" is an identical record with same
+        // data.
+        if (record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord
+                && hasInetAddressRecord(registration, (MdnsInetAddressRecord) record)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsKeyRecord && equals(record, registration.hostKeyRecord)) {
+            return RecordConflictType.IDENTICAL;
         }
 
-        return false;
+        // Per RFC 6762 8.1, when a record is being probed, any answer containing a record with that
+        // name, of any type, MUST be considered a conflicting response.
+        if (registration.isProbing) {
+            return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsInetAddressRecord && !registration.addressRecords.isEmpty()) {
+            return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
+        }
+        if (record instanceof MdnsKeyRecord && registration.hostKeyRecord != null) {
+            return RecordConflictType.CONFLICT;
+        }
+
+        return RecordConflictType.NO_CONFLICT;
     }
 
     private List<RecordInfo<MdnsInetAddressRecord>> getInetAddressRecordsForHostname(
@@ -1302,10 +1414,11 @@
         final ServiceRegistration registration = mServices.get(serviceId);
         if (registration == null) return;
 
-        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        final long now = mDeps.elapsedRealTime();
         for (RecordInfo<?> record : registration.allRecords) {
             record.lastSentTimeMs = now;
-            record.lastAdvertisedTimeMs = now;
+            record.lastAdvertisedOnIpv4TimeMs = now;
+            record.lastAdvertisedOnIpv6TimeMs = now;
         }
         registration.sentPacketCount += sentPacketCount;
     }
@@ -1370,4 +1483,21 @@
 
         return type;
     }
+
+    /** Returns whether there will be an SRV record when registering the {@code info}. */
+    private static boolean hasSrvRecord(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        return info.getPort() > 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether there will be KEY record(s) when registering the {@code info}. */
+    private static boolean hasKeyRecord(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        return info.getPublicKey() != null;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean equals(@NonNull MdnsRecord record, @Nullable RecordInfo<?> recordInfo) {
+        if (recordInfo == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return Objects.equals(record, recordInfo.record);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java
index 73a7e3a..f509da2 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseErrorCode.java
@@ -37,4 +37,5 @@
     public static final int ERROR_END_OF_FILE = 12;
     public static final int ERROR_READING_NSEC_RDATA = 13;
     public static final int ERROR_READING_ANY_RDATA = 14;
+    public static final int ERROR_READING_KEY_RDATA = 15;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 5e98ee1..8305c1e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
@@ -50,12 +51,17 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.KB_IN_BYTES;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_XT;
 import static android.os.Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOENT;
 import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
@@ -64,6 +70,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
 
 import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.getDisplayTransport;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.POLL_REASON_PERIODIC;
@@ -299,6 +306,12 @@
     static final String NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME = "fastdatainput.successes";
     static final String NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME = "fastdatainput.fallbacks";
 
+    static final String TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME =
+            "trafficstats_cache_expiry_duration_ms";
+    static final String TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME = "trafficstats_cache_max_entries";
+    static final int DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS = 1000;
+    static final int DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES = 400;
+
     private final Context mContext;
     private final NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
     private final AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
@@ -454,6 +467,13 @@
 
     private long mLastStatsSessionPoll;
 
+    private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsTotalCache;
+    private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsIfaceCache;
+    private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsUidCache;
+    static final String TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG =
+            "trafficstats_rate_limit_cache_enabled_flag";
+    private final boolean mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache;
+
     private final Object mOpenSessionCallsLock = new Object();
 
     /**
@@ -643,6 +663,16 @@
             mEventLogger = null;
         }
 
+        final long cacheExpiryDurationMs = mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration();
+        final int cacheMaxEntries = mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries();
+        mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache = mDeps.supportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mContext);
+        mTrafficStatsTotalCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                cacheExpiryDurationMs, cacheMaxEntries);
+        mTrafficStatsIfaceCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                cacheExpiryDurationMs, cacheMaxEntries);
+        mTrafficStatsUidCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                cacheExpiryDurationMs, cacheMaxEntries);
+
         // TODO: Remove bpfNetMaps creation and always start SkDestroyListener
         // Following code is for the experiment to verify the SkDestroyListener refactoring. Based
         // on the experiment flag, BpfNetMaps starts C SkDestroyListener (existing code) or
@@ -696,7 +726,7 @@
          * Get the count of import legacy target attempts.
          */
         public int getImportLegacyTargetAttempts() {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
                     DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                     NETSTATS_IMPORT_LEGACY_TARGET_ATTEMPTS,
                     DEFAULT_NETSTATS_IMPORT_LEGACY_TARGET_ATTEMPTS);
@@ -706,7 +736,7 @@
          * Get the count of using FastDataInput target attempts.
          */
         public int getUseFastDataInputTargetAttempts() {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
                     DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                     NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_TARGET_ATTEMPTS, 0);
         }
@@ -888,6 +918,75 @@
             return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                     ctx, CONFIG_ENABLE_NETWORK_STATS_EVENT_LOGGER);
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Get whether TrafficStats rate-limit cache is supported.
+         *
+         * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
+         * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
+         */
+        public boolean supportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(@NonNull Context ctx) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get TrafficStats rate-limit cache expiry.
+         *
+         * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
+         * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
+         */
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration() {
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING, TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME,
+                    DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get TrafficStats rate-limit cache max entries.
+         *
+         * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
+         * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
+         */
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries() {
+            return getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING, TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME,
+                    DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Retrieves native network total statistics.
+         *
+         * @return A NetworkStats.Entry containing the native statistics, or
+         *         null if an error occurs.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetTotalStat() {
+            return NetworkStatsService.nativeGetTotalStat();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Retrieves native network interface statistics for the specified interface.
+         *
+         * @param iface The name of the network interface to query.
+         * @return A NetworkStats.Entry containing the native statistics for the interface, or
+         *         null if an error occurs.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface) {
+            return NetworkStatsService.nativeGetIfaceStat(iface);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Retrieves native network uid statistics for the specified uid.
+         *
+         * @param uid The uid of the application to query.
+         * @return A NetworkStats.Entry containing the native statistics for the uid, or
+         *         null if an error occurs.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetUidStat(int uid) {
+            return NetworkStatsService.nativeGetUidStat(uid);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1983,53 +2082,106 @@
         if (callingUid != android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID && callingUid != uid) {
             return UNSUPPORTED;
         }
-        return getEntryValueForType(nativeGetUidStat(uid), type);
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
+
+        if (!mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache) {
+            return getEntryValueForType(mDeps.nativeGetUidStat(uid), type);
+        }
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mTrafficStatsUidCache.getOrCompute(IFACE_ALL, uid,
+                () -> mDeps.nativeGetUidStat(uid));
+
+        return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkStats.Entry getIfaceStatsInternal(@NonNull String iface) {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mDeps.nativeGetIfaceStat(iface);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        // When tethering offload is in use, nativeIfaceStats does not contain usage from
+        // offload, add it back here. Note that the included statistics might be stale
+        // since polling newest stats from hardware might impact system health and not
+        // suitable for TrafficStats API use cases.
+        entry.add(getProviderIfaceStats(iface));
+        return entry;
     }
 
     @Override
     public long getIfaceStats(@NonNull String iface, int type) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = nativeGetIfaceStat(iface);
-        final long value = getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
-        if (value == UNSUPPORTED) {
-            return UNSUPPORTED;
-        } else {
-            // When tethering offload is in use, nativeIfaceStats does not contain usage from
-            // offload, add it back here. Note that the included statistics might be stale
-            // since polling newest stats from hardware might impact system health and not
-            // suitable for TrafficStats API use cases.
-            entry.add(getProviderIfaceStats(iface));
-            return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
+
+        if (!mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache) {
+            return getEntryValueForType(getIfaceStatsInternal(iface), type);
         }
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mTrafficStatsIfaceCache.getOrCompute(iface, UID_ALL,
+                () -> getIfaceStatsInternal(iface));
+
+        return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
     }
 
     private long getEntryValueForType(@Nullable NetworkStats.Entry entry, int type) {
         if (entry == null) return UNSUPPORTED;
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
         switch (type) {
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES:
+            case TYPE_RX_BYTES:
                 return entry.rxBytes;
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES:
-                return entry.txBytes;
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
+            case TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
                 return entry.rxPackets;
-            case TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
+            case TYPE_TX_BYTES:
+                return entry.txBytes;
+            case TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
                 return entry.txPackets;
             default:
-                return UNSUPPORTED;
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Bug: Invalid type: "
+                        + type + " should not reach here.");
         }
     }
 
+    private boolean isEntryValueTypeValid(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case TYPE_RX_BYTES:
+            case TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
+            case TYPE_TX_BYTES:
+            case TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
+                return true;
+            default :
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkStats.Entry getTotalStatsInternal() {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mDeps.nativeGetTotalStat();
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        entry.add(getProviderIfaceStats(IFACE_ALL));
+        return entry;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public long getTotalStats(int type) {
-        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = nativeGetTotalStat();
-        final long value = getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
-        if (value == UNSUPPORTED) {
-            return UNSUPPORTED;
-        } else {
-            // Refer to comment in getIfaceStats
-            entry.add(getProviderIfaceStats(IFACE_ALL));
-            return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
+        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
+        if (!mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache) {
+            return getEntryValueForType(getTotalStatsInternal(), type);
         }
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = mTrafficStatsTotalCache.getOrCompute(IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL,
+                () -> getTotalStatsInternal());
+
+        return getEntryValueForType(entry, type);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches() {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr(mContext, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        mTrafficStatsUidCache.clear();
+        mTrafficStatsIfaceCache.clear();
+        mTrafficStatsTotalCache.clear();
     }
 
     private NetworkStats.Entry getProviderIfaceStats(@Nullable String iface) {
@@ -2785,6 +2937,14 @@
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 pw.println("(failed to dump FastDataInput counters)");
             }
+            pw.print("trafficstats.cache.supported", mSupportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache);
+            pw.println();
+            pw.print(TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME,
+                    mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration());
+            pw.println();
+            pw.print(TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME,
+                    mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries());
+            pw.println();
 
             pw.decreaseIndent();
 
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
index 4214bc9..c07d050 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@
 
     V("/sys/fs/bpf", S_IFDIR|S_ISVTX|0777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf", DIR);
 
-    if (false && modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
+    // TODO: use modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() once api finalized
+    if (android_get_device_api_level() >= __ANDROID_API_V__) {
         V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|01777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
     } else {
         V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|01777, SYSTEM, SYSTEM, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index 42c1628..23af0f8 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.IIF_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.getMatchByFirewallChain;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.isFirewallAllowList;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.matchToString;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
@@ -446,62 +446,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Add naughty app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void addNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("addNaughtyApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        addRule(uid, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "addNaughtyApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Remove naughty app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void removeNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("removeNaughtyApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        removeRule(uid, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "removeNaughtyApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add nice app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void addNiceApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("addNiceApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        addRule(uid, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "addNiceApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Remove nice app bandwidth rule for specific app
-     *
-     * @param uid uid of target app
-     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
-     *                                  cause of the failure.
-     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
-    public void removeNiceApp(final int uid) {
-        throwIfPreT("removeNiceApp is not available on pre-T devices");
-
-        removeRule(uid, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "removeNiceApp");
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Set target firewall child chain
      *
      * @param childChain target chain to enable
@@ -637,6 +581,7 @@
         return BpfNetMapsUtils.getUidRule(sUidOwnerMap, childChain, uid);
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private Set<Integer> getUidsMatchEnabled(final int childChain) throws ErrnoException {
         final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(childChain);
         Set<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
@@ -665,6 +610,7 @@
      * @param childChain target chain
      * @return Set of uids
      */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public Set<Integer> getUidsWithAllowRuleOnAllowListChain(final int childChain)
             throws ErrnoException {
         if (!isFirewallAllowList(childChain)) {
@@ -686,6 +632,7 @@
      * @param childChain target chain
      * @return Set of uids
      */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public Set<Integer> getUidsWithDenyRuleOnDenyListChain(final int childChain)
             throws ErrnoException {
         if (isFirewallAllowList(childChain)) {
@@ -859,6 +806,25 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Get granted permissions for specified uid. If uid is not in the map, this method returns
+     * {@link android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET} since this is a default permission.
+     * See {@link #setNetPermForUids}
+     *
+     * @param uid target uid
+     * @return    granted permissions.
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public int getNetPermForUid(final int uid) {
+        try {
+            final U8 permissions = sUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid));
+            return permissions != null ? permissions.val : PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to get permission for uid: " + uid);
+            return PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Set Data Saver enabled or disabled
      *
      * @param enable     whether Data Saver is enabled or disabled.
@@ -919,6 +885,30 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Get blocked reasons for specified uid
+     *
+     * @param uid Target Uid
+     * @return Reasons of network access blocking for an UID
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public int getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(final int uid) {
+        return BpfNetMapsUtils.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid,
+                sConfigurationMap, sUidOwnerMap, sDataSaverEnabledMap);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the network access of specified uid is blocked on metered networks
+     *
+     * @param uid The target uid.
+     * @return True if the network access is blocked on metered networks. Otherwise, false
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public boolean isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(final int uid) {
+        final int blockedReasons = getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(uid);
+        return (blockedReasons & BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK) != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+    }
+
+    /*
      * Return whether the network is blocked by firewall chains for the given uid.
      *
      * Note that {@link #getDataSaverEnabled()} has a latency before V.
@@ -999,6 +989,7 @@
         return sj.toString();
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private void dumpOwnerMatchConfig(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
         try {
             final long match = sConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val;
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index b1ae019..46bd9bc 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT;
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@
 import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY;
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_SELF_CERTIFIED_CAPABILITIES_DECLARATION;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORKINFO_WITHOUT_INTERNET_BLOCKED;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
@@ -2239,7 +2243,8 @@
         try {
             final boolean metered = nc == null ? true : nc.isMetered();
             if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
-                return mBpfNetMaps.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);
+                return mBpfNetMaps.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered)
+                        || (mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(uid) & PERMISSION_INTERNET) == 0;
             } else {
                 return mPolicyManager.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);
             }
@@ -2320,7 +2325,12 @@
         final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForUid(uid);
         if (nai == null) return null;
-        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, false);
+        // Ignore blocked state to keep the backward compatibility if the compat flag is
+        // disabled and app does not have PERMISSION_INTERNET.
+        final boolean ignoreBlocked = mDeps.isAtLeastV()
+                && !mDeps.isChangeEnabled(NETWORKINFO_WITHOUT_INTERNET_BLOCKED, uid)
+                && (mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(uid) & PERMISSION_INTERNET) == 0;
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, ignoreBlocked);
         maybeLogBlockedNetworkInfo(networkInfo, uid);
         return networkInfo;
     }
@@ -7953,6 +7963,13 @@
             // Policy already enforced.
             return;
         }
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
+            if (mBpfNetMaps.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {
+                // If UID is restricted, don't allow them to bring up metered APNs.
+                networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
         final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
         try {
             if (mPolicyManager.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {
@@ -12737,8 +12754,8 @@
         if (um.isManagedProfile(profile.getIdentifier())) {
             return true;
         }
-        if (mDeps.isAtLeastT() && dpm.getDeviceOwner() != null) return true;
-        return false;
+
+        return mDeps.isAtLeastT() && dpm.getDeviceOwnerComponentOnAnyUser() != null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -13478,36 +13495,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
-        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
-
-        try {
-            if (add) {
-                mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(uid);
-            } else {
-                mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(uid);
-            }
-        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
-        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
-
-        try {
-            if (add) {
-                mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(uid);
-            } else {
-                mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(uid);
-            }
-        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
-        }
-    }
-
     private int setPackageFirewallRule(final int chain, final String packageName, final int rule)
             throws PackageManager.NameNotFoundException {
         final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
@@ -13567,6 +13554,8 @@
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN:
                 defaultRule = FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
                 break;
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:
@@ -13574,6 +13563,7 @@
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
             case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW:
                 defaultRule = FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -13584,6 +13574,7 @@
         return rule;
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private void closeSocketsForFirewallChainLocked(final int chain)
             throws ErrnoException, SocketException, InterruptedIOException {
         if (BpfNetMapsUtils.isFirewallAllowList(chain)) {
@@ -13610,6 +13601,12 @@
                     + " the feature is disabled.");
             return;
         }
+        if (METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+            // Metered chains are used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables
+            // and can not be controlled by setFirewallChainEnabled.
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Chain (" + chain + ") can not be controlled by setFirewallChainEnabled");
+        }
 
         try {
             mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(chain, enable);
@@ -13630,6 +13627,13 @@
     public boolean getFirewallChainEnabled(final int chain) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
 
+        if (METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(chain) || METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(chain)) {
+            // Metered chains are used from a separate bpf program that is triggered by iptables
+            // and can not be controlled by setFirewallChainEnabled.
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "getFirewallChainEnabled can not return status of chain (" + chain + ")");
+        }
+
         return mBpfNetMaps.isChainEnabled(chain);
     }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
index eea16bf..aec4f24 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
@@ -399,6 +399,10 @@
         mCookieTagMap = mDeps.getBpfCookieTagMap();
     }
 
+    // Note that this may only be called on a brand new v4-* interface,
+    // because it uses bpfmap.insertEntry() which fails if entry exists,
+    // and because the value includes (initialized to 0) byte/packet
+    // counters, so a replace (instead of insert) would wipe those stats.
     private void maybeStartBpf(final ClatdTracker tracker) {
         if (mIngressMap == null || mEgressMap == null) return;
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
index 15d6adb..9c2b9e8 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
         return "/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared/map_" + which + "_map";
     }
 
+    private final boolean mHaveProgram = TcUtils.isBpfProgramUsable(PROG_PATH);
+
     private Set<String> mAttachedIfaces;
 
     private final BpfMap<Struct.S32, DscpPolicyValue> mBpfDscpIpv4Policies;
@@ -325,6 +327,7 @@
      * Attach BPF program
      */
     private boolean attachProgram(@NonNull String iface) {
+        if (!mHaveProgram) return false;
         try {
             NetworkInterface netIface = NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
             TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevBpf(netIface.getIndex(), false, PRIO_DSCP, (short) ETH_P_ALL,
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java
index 4d5001b..ac479b8 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_RAW;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig;
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@
     }
 
     private Integer getInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
-        int mapIndex = mInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName);
+        int mapIndex = getIndexForValue(mInterfaces, ifName);
         if (mapIndex < 0) return null;
         return mInterfaces.keyAt(mapIndex);
     }
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@
         if (virtualIndex == null) return;
 
         updateMfcs();
-        mInterfaces.removeAt(mInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName));
+        mInterfaces.removeAt(getIndexForValue(mInterfaces, ifName));
         mVirtualInterfaces.remove(virtualIndex);
         try {
             mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6DelMif(mMulticastRoutingFd, virtualIndex);
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     public Integer getVirtualInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
-        int mapIndex = mVirtualInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName);
+        int mapIndex = getIndexForValue(mVirtualInterfaces, ifName);
         if (mapIndex < 0) return null;
         return mVirtualInterfaces.keyAt(mapIndex);
     }
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@
 
     private void maybeAddAndTrackInterface(String ifName) {
         checkOnHandlerThread();
-        if (mVirtualInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName) >= 0) return;
+        if (getIndexForValue(mVirtualInterfaces, ifName) >= 0) return;
 
         int nextVirtualIndex = getNextAvailableVirtualIndex();
         int ifIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(ifName);
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java
index 9d2fb7f..a6b222f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils.java
@@ -101,4 +101,12 @@
      * @throws IOException
      */
     public static native void tcQdiscAddDevClsact(int ifIndex) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to fetch a bpf program from a path.
+     * Return true on success, false on non-existence or any other failure.
+     *
+     * @param bpfProgPath
+     */
+    public static native boolean isBpfProgramUsable(String bpfProgPath);
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java
index 2e9a99b..586f19d 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessage.java
@@ -156,8 +156,9 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return String.format("Nduseroptmsg(%d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %s)",
+        return String.format("Nduseroptmsg(family:%d, opts_len:%d, ifindex:%d, icmp_type:%d, "
+                + "icmp_code:%d, srcaddr: %s, %s)",
                 family, opts_len, ifindex, Byte.toUnsignedInt(icmp_type),
-                Byte.toUnsignedInt(icmp_code), srcaddr.getHostAddress());
+                Byte.toUnsignedInt(icmp_code), srcaddr.getHostAddress(), option);
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java
index ad7a4d7..1896de6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstants.java
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
     public static final short RTM_NEWRULE                   = 32;
     public static final short RTM_DELRULE                   = 33;
     public static final short RTM_GETRULE                   = 34;
+    public static final short RTM_NEWPREFIX                 = 52;
     public static final short RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT              = 68;
 
     // Netfilter netlink message types are presented by two bytes: high byte subsystem and
@@ -148,6 +149,8 @@
     public static final int RTMGRP_IPV4_IFADDR = 0x10;
     public static final int RTMGRP_IPV6_IFADDR = 0x100;
     public static final int RTMGRP_IPV6_ROUTE  = 0x400;
+    public static final int RTNLGRP_IPV6_PREFIX = 18;
+    public static final int RTMGRP_IPV6_PREFIX = 1 << (RTNLGRP_IPV6_PREFIX - 1);
     public static final int RTNLGRP_ND_USEROPT = 20;
     public static final int RTMGRP_ND_USEROPT = 1 << (RTNLGRP_ND_USEROPT - 1);
 
@@ -207,6 +210,7 @@
             case RTM_NEWRULE: return "RTM_NEWRULE";
             case RTM_DELRULE: return "RTM_DELRULE";
             case RTM_GETRULE: return "RTM_GETRULE";
+            case RTM_NEWPREFIX: return "RTM_NEWPREFIX";
             case RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT: return "RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT";
             default: return "unknown RTM type: " + String.valueOf(nlmType);
         }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixCacheInfo.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixCacheInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfaa6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixCacheInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * struct prefix_cacheinfo {
+ *     __u32 preferred_time;
+ *     __u32 valid_time;
+ * }
+ *
+ * see also:
+ *
+ *     include/uapi/linux/if_addr.h
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructPrefixCacheInfo extends Struct {
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 8;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long preferred_time;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long valid_time;
+
+    StructPrefixCacheInfo(long preferred, long valid) {
+        this.preferred_time = preferred;
+        this.valid_time = valid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a prefix_cacheinfo struct from a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     *
+     * @param byteBuffer The buffer from which to parse the prefix_cacheinfo.
+     * @return the parsed prefix_cacheinfo struct, or throw IllegalArgumentException if the
+     *         prefix_cacheinfo struct could not be parsed successfully(for example, if it was
+     *         truncated).
+     */
+    public static StructPrefixCacheInfo parse(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        if (byteBuffer.remaining() < STRUCT_SIZE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bytebuffer remaining size "
+                    + byteBuffer.remaining() + " for prefix_cacheinfo attribute");
+        }
+
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        return Struct.parse(StructPrefixCacheInfo.class, byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a prefix_cacheinfo struct to {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     */
+    public void pack(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        writeToByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixMsg.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixMsg.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..504d6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructPrefixMsg.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * struct prefixmsg {
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_family;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_pad1;
+ *     unsigned short prefix_pad2;
+ *     int            prefix_ifindex;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_type;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_len;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_flags;
+ *     unsigned char  prefix_pad3;
+ * }
+ *
+ * see also:
+ *
+ *     include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class StructPrefixMsg extends Struct {
+    // Already aligned.
+    public static final int STRUCT_SIZE = 12;
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
+    public final short prefix_family;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int prefix_ifindex;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short prefix_type;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short prefix_len;
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+    public final short prefix_flags;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public StructPrefixMsg(short family, int ifindex, short type, short len, short flags) {
+        this.prefix_family = family;
+        this.prefix_ifindex = ifindex;
+        this.prefix_type = type;
+        this.prefix_len = len;
+        this.prefix_flags = flags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a prefixmsg struct from a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     *
+     * @param byteBuffer The buffer from which to parse the prefixmsg.
+     * @return the parsed prefixmsg struct, or throw IllegalArgumentException if the prefixmsg
+     *         struct could not be parsed successfully (for example, if it was truncated).
+     */
+    public static StructPrefixMsg parse(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        if (byteBuffer.remaining() < STRUCT_SIZE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bytebuffer remaining size "
+                    + byteBuffer.remaining() + "for prefix_msg struct.");
+        }
+
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        return Struct.parse(StructPrefixMsg.class, byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a prefixmsg struct to {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     */
+    public void pack(@NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        // The ByteOrder must already have been set to native order.
+        writeToByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
index 39e7ce9..f3d8c4a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
@@ -389,4 +389,28 @@
         }
         return dest;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an index of the given SparseArray that contains the given value, or -1
+     * number if no keys map to the given value.
+     *
+     * <p>Note this is a linear search, and if multiple keys can map to the same value
+     * then the smallest index is returned.
+     *
+     * <p>This function compares values with {@code equals} while the
+     * {@link SparseArray#indexOfValue} compares values using {@code ==}.
+     */
+    public static <T> int getIndexForValue(SparseArray<T> sparseArray, T value) {
+        for(int i = 0, nsize = sparseArray.size(); i < nsize; i++) {
+            T valueAt = sparseArray.valueAt(i);
+            if (valueAt == null) {
+                if (value == null) {
+                    return i;
+                };
+            } else if (valueAt.equals(value)) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
index 7c4abe0..19d8bbe 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@
     public static final int ICMPV6_RA_HEADER_LEN = 16;
     public static final int ICMPV6_NS_HEADER_LEN = 24;
     public static final int ICMPV6_NA_HEADER_LEN = 24;
+    public static final int ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_TLLA_LEN = 8;
 
     public static final int NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT_FLAG_ROUTER    = 1 << 31;
     public static final int NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT_FLAG_SOLICITED = 1 << 30;
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h
index 59257b8..417a5c4 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/KernelUtils.h
@@ -42,10 +42,26 @@
     return kver;
 }
 
-static inline __unused bool isAtLeastKernelVersion(unsigned major, unsigned minor, unsigned sub) {
+static inline bool isAtLeastKernelVersion(unsigned major, unsigned minor, unsigned sub) {
     return kernelVersion() >= KVER(major, minor, sub);
 }
 
+static inline bool isKernelVersion(unsigned major, unsigned minor) {
+    return isAtLeastKernelVersion(major, minor, 0) && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(major, minor + 1, 0);
+}
+
+static inline bool __unused isLtsKernel() {
+    return isKernelVersion(4,  4) ||  // minimum for Android R
+           isKernelVersion(4,  9) ||  // minimum for Android S & T
+           isKernelVersion(4, 14) ||  // minimum for Android U
+           isKernelVersion(4, 19) ||  // minimum for Android V
+           isKernelVersion(5,  4) ||  // first supported in Android R
+           isKernelVersion(5, 10) ||  // first supported in Android S
+           isKernelVersion(5, 15) ||  // first supported in Android T
+           isKernelVersion(6,  1) ||  // first supported in Android U
+           isKernelVersion(6,  6);    // first supported in Android V
+}
+
 // Figure out the bitness of userspace.
 // Trivial and known at compile time.
 static constexpr bool isUserspace32bit() {
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
index 9995cb9..cb02de8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
@@ -148,6 +148,13 @@
     return bpfFdGet(pathname, BPF_F_RDONLY);
 }
 
+inline bool usableProgram(const char* pathname) {
+    int fd = retrieveProgram(pathname);
+    bool ok = (fd >= 0);
+    if (ok) close(fd);
+    return ok;
+}
+
 inline int attachProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const BPF_FD_TYPE prog_fd,
                          const BPF_FD_TYPE cg_fd, uint32_t flags = 0) {
     return bpf(BPF_PROG_ATTACH, {
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp
index ab83da6..2a587b6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 #include <nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h>
 #include <tcutils/tcutils.h>
 
+#define BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
+#include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
+
 namespace android {
 
 static void throwIOException(JNIEnv *env, const char *msg, int error) {
@@ -96,6 +99,14 @@
   }
 }
 
+static jboolean com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_isBpfProgramUsable(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                                       jclass clazz,
+                                                                       jstring bpfProgPath) {
+    ScopedUtfChars pathname(env, bpfProgPath);
+    return bpf::usableProgram(pathname.c_str());
+}
+
+
 /*
  * JNI registration.
  */
@@ -111,6 +122,8 @@
      (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_tcFilterDelDev},
     {"tcQdiscAddDevClsact", "(I)V",
      (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_tcQdiscAddDevClsact},
+    {"isBpfProgramUsable", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
+     (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils_isBpfProgramUsable},
 };
 
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv *env,
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
index e23f999..4ed3afd 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util
 
+import android.util.SparseArray
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
@@ -179,4 +180,20 @@
             CollectionUtils.assoc(listOf(1, 2), list15)
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetIndexForValue() {
+        val sparseArray = SparseArray<String>();
+        sparseArray.put(5, "hello");
+        sparseArray.put(10, "abcd");
+        sparseArray.put(20, null);
+
+        val value1 = "abcd";
+        val value1Copy = String(value1.toCharArray())
+        val value2 = null;
+
+        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1));
+        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1Copy));
+        assertEquals(2, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value2));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java
index 4fc5ec2..d1df3a6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NduseroptMessageTest.java
@@ -252,8 +252,10 @@
     public void testToString() {
         NduseroptMessage msg = parseNduseroptMessage(toBuffer(MSG_PREF64));
         assertNotNull(msg);
-        assertEquals("Nduseroptmsg(10, 16, 1431655765, 134, 0, fe80:2:3:4:5:6:7:8%1431655765)",
-                msg.toString());
+        final String expected = "Nduseroptmsg(family:10, opts_len:16, ifindex:1431655765, "
+                + "icmp_type:134, icmp_code:0, srcaddr: fe80:2:3:4:5:6:7:8%1431655765, "
+                + "NdOptPref64(2001:db8:3:4:5:6::/96, 10064))";
+        assertEquals(expected, msg.toString());
     }
 
     // Convenience method to parse a NduseroptMessage that's not part of a netlink message.
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java
index 143e4d4..e42c552 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkConstantsTest.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWADDR;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWLINK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWPREFIX;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNEIGH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWROUTE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWRULE;
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@
         assertEquals("RTM_NEWRULE", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_NEWRULE, NETLINK_ROUTE));
         assertEquals("RTM_DELRULE", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_DELRULE, NETLINK_ROUTE));
         assertEquals("RTM_GETRULE", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_GETRULE, NETLINK_ROUTE));
+        assertEquals("RTM_NEWPREFIX", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_NEWPREFIX, NETLINK_ROUTE));
         assertEquals("RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT", stringForNlMsgType(RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT, NETLINK_ROUTE));
 
         assertEquals("SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY",
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
index 9124ac0..3843b90 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@
         "mcts-networking",
         "mts-tethering",
         "mcts-tethering",
+        "mcts-wifi",
+        "mcts-dnsresolver",
     ],
     data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp
index 5af8c14..394c6be 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/Android.bp
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
         "modules-utils-build_system",
         "net-tests-utils",
     ],
-    host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
     lint: {
         strict_updatability_linting: true,
     },
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
index 28ae609..93422ad 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.net.Network
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Handler
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry
 import java.util.Collections
@@ -97,6 +98,15 @@
         cellRequestCb = null
     }
 
+    private fun addCallback(
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback,
+        registrar: (TestableNetworkCallback) -> Unit
+    ): TestableNetworkCallback {
+        registrar(cb)
+        cbToCleanup.add(cb)
+        return cb
+    }
+
     /**
      * File a request for a Network.
      *
@@ -109,14 +119,27 @@
     @JvmOverloads
     fun requestNetwork(
         request: NetworkRequest,
-        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
-    ): TestableNetworkCallback {
-        cm.requestNetwork(request, cb)
-        cbToCleanup.add(cb)
-        return cb
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler? = null
+    ) = addCallback(cb) {
+        if (handler == null) {
+            cm.requestNetwork(request, it)
+        } else {
+            cm.requestNetwork(request, it, handler)
+        }
     }
 
     /**
+     * Overload of [requestNetwork] that allows specifying a timeout.
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun requestNetwork(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        timeoutMs: Int,
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.requestNetwork(request, it, timeoutMs) }
+
+    /**
      * File a callback for a NetworkRequest.
      *
      * This will fail tests (throw) if the cell network cannot be obtained, or if it was already
@@ -129,13 +152,63 @@
     fun registerNetworkCallback(
         request: NetworkRequest,
         cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
-    ): TestableNetworkCallback {
-        cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb)
-        cbToCleanup.add(cb)
-        return cb
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, it) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerDefaultNetworkCallback(
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler? = null
+    ) = addCallback(cb) {
+        if (handler == null) {
+            cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(it)
+        } else {
+            cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(it, handler)
+        }
     }
 
     /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(it, handler) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
+        uid: Int,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(uid, it, handler) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, it, handler) }
+
+    /**
+     * @see ConnectivityManager.requestBackgroundNetwork
+     */
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun requestBackgroundNetwork(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(),
+        handler: Handler
+    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, it, handler) }
+
+    /**
      * Unregister a callback filed using registration methods in this class.
      */
     fun unregisterNetworkCallback(cb: NetworkCallback) {
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
index 8090d5b..3857810 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
         val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS)
         cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .build(), callback)
 
         return tryTest {
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4185b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils
+
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule
+import org.junit.runner.Description
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement
+
+/**
+ * A JUnit Rule that sets feature flags based on `@FeatureFlag` annotations.
+ *
+ * This rule enables dynamic control of feature flag states during testing.
+ *
+ * **Usage:**
+ * ```kotlin
+ * class MyTestClass {
+ *   @get:Rule
+ *   val setFeatureFlagsRule = SetFeatureFlagsRule(setFlagsMethod = (name, enabled) -> {
+ *     // Custom handling code.
+ *   })
+ *
+ *   // ... test methods with @FeatureFlag annotations
+ *   @FeatureFlag("FooBar1", true)
+ *   @FeatureFlag("FooBar2", false)
+ *   @Test
+ *   fun testFooBar() {}
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+class SetFeatureFlagsRule(val setFlagsMethod: (name: String, enabled: Boolean) -> Unit) : TestRule {
+    /**
+     * This annotation marks a test method as requiring a specific feature flag to be configured.
+     *
+     * Use this on test methods to dynamically control feature flag states during testing.
+     *
+     * @param name The name of the feature flag.
+     * @param enabled The desired state (true for enabled, false for disabled) of the feature flag.
+     */
+    @Target(AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION)
+    @Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
+    annotation class FeatureFlag(val name: String, val enabled: Boolean = true)
+
+    /**
+     * This method is the core of the rule, executed by the JUnit framework before each test method.
+     *
+     * It retrieves the test method's metadata.
+     * If any `@FeatureFlag` annotation is found, it passes every feature flag's name
+     * and enabled state into the user-specified lambda to apply custom actions.
+     */
+    override fun apply(base: Statement, description: Description): Statement {
+        return object : Statement() {
+            override fun evaluate() {
+                val testMethod = description.testClass.getMethod(description.methodName)
+                val featureFlagAnnotations = testMethod.getAnnotationsByType(
+                    FeatureFlag::class.java
+                )
+
+                for (featureFlagAnnotation in featureFlagAnnotations) {
+                    setFlagsMethod(featureFlagAnnotation.name, featureFlagAnnotation.enabled)
+                }
+
+                // Execute the test method, which includes methods annotated with
+                // @Before, @Test and @After.
+                base.evaluate()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
index 05c0444..f76916a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
             override val network: Network,
             val reason: Int
         ) : CallbackEntry()
+
         // Convenience constants for expecting a type
         companion object {
             @JvmField
@@ -216,7 +217,11 @@
     ) : this(null, timeoutMs, noCallbackTimeoutMs, waiterFunc)
 
     fun createLinkedCopy() = TestableNetworkCallback(
-            this, defaultTimeoutMs, defaultNoCallbackTimeoutMs, waiterFunc)
+        this,
+        defaultTimeoutMs,
+        defaultNoCallbackTimeoutMs,
+        waiterFunc
+    )
 
     // The last available network, or null if any network was lost since the last call to
     // onAvailable. TODO : fix this by fixing the tests that rely on this behavior
@@ -402,8 +407,11 @@
         from: Int = mark,
         crossinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }
     ): T = history.poll(timeoutMs, from) { it is T && predicate(it) }.also {
-        assertNotNull(it, "Callback ${T::class} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
-                "Got ${history.backtrace()}")
+        assertNotNull(
+            it,
+            "Callback ${T::class} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
+                "Got ${history.backtrace()}"
+        )
     } as T
 
     @JvmOverloads
@@ -412,8 +420,11 @@
         timeoutMs: Long = defaultTimeoutMs,
         predicate: (cb: T) -> Boolean = { true }
     ) = history.poll(timeoutMs) { type.java.isInstance(it) && predicate(it as T) }.also {
-        assertNotNull(it, "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
-                "Got ${history.backtrace()}")
+        assertNotNull(
+            it,
+            "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
+                "Got ${history.backtrace()}"
+        )
     } as T
 
     fun <T : CallbackEntry> eventuallyExpect(
@@ -422,8 +433,11 @@
         from: Int = mark,
         predicate: (cb: T) -> Boolean = { true }
     ) = history.poll(timeoutMs, from) { type.java.isInstance(it) && predicate(it as T) }.also {
-        assertNotNull(it, "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
-                "Got ${history.backtrace()}")
+        assertNotNull(
+            it,
+            "Callback ${type.java} not received within ${timeoutMs}ms. " +
+                "Got ${history.backtrace()}"
+        )
     } as T
 
     // Expects onAvailable and the callbacks that follow it. These are:
@@ -534,8 +548,13 @@
         blockedReason: Int,
         tmt: Long = defaultTimeoutMs
     ) {
-        expectAvailableCallbacks(net, validated = false, suspended = false,
-                blockedReason = blockedReason, tmt = tmt)
+        expectAvailableCallbacks(
+            net,
+            validated = false,
+            suspended = false,
+            blockedReason = blockedReason,
+            tmt = tmt
+        )
         expectCaps(net, tmt) { it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED) }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
index 8e89037..21e34ab 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
@@ -51,6 +52,23 @@
 
     private static final InetAddress IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
     private static final InetAddress IPV6_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::");
+    private static final byte[] PUBLIC_KEY_RDATA = new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0x02, (byte)0x01,  // flag
+            (byte) 0x03, // protocol
+            (byte) 0x0d, // algorithm
+            // 64-byte public key below
+            (byte) 0xC1, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0xD0, (byte) 0x63, (byte) 0x79, (byte) 0x60,
+            (byte) 0xB9, (byte) 0x8C, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0xCF, (byte) 0xCA,
+            (byte) 0x22, (byte) 0x1D, (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x79, (byte) 0xDA, (byte) 0xC2,
+            (byte) 0x6E, (byte) 0xE5, (byte) 0xB4, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0xE9, (byte) 0x00,
+            (byte) 0x7C, (byte) 0x99, (byte) 0x2E, (byte) 0x19, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0xD8,
+            (byte) 0x97, (byte) 0xC3, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xB0, (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0x64,
+            (byte) 0xD4, (byte) 0x48, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0xD0, (byte) 0xC7, (byte) 0x72,
+            (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0xB0, (byte) 0x3B, (byte) 0x1D, (byte) 0x9D, (byte) 0x6D,
+            (byte) 0x52, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0x88, (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0x76, (byte) 0x9E,
+            (byte) 0x8E, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0x51, (byte) 0x35, (byte) 0x65,
+            (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0xD3
+    };
 
     @Test
     public void testLimits() throws Exception {
@@ -120,6 +138,7 @@
         fullInfo.setPort(4242);
         fullInfo.setHostAddresses(List.of(IPV4_ADDRESS));
         fullInfo.setHostname("home");
+        fullInfo.setPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY_RDATA);
         fullInfo.setNetwork(new Network(123));
         fullInfo.setInterfaceIndex(456);
         checkParcelable(fullInfo);
@@ -136,6 +155,7 @@
         attributedInfo.setPort(4242);
         attributedInfo.setHostAddresses(List.of(IPV6_ADDRESS, IPV4_ADDRESS));
         attributedInfo.setHostname("home");
+        attributedInfo.setPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY_RDATA);
         attributedInfo.setAttribute("color", "pink");
         attributedInfo.setAttribute("sound", (new String("にゃあ")).getBytes("UTF-8"));
         attributedInfo.setAttribute("adorable", (String) null);
@@ -172,6 +192,7 @@
         assertEquals(original.getServiceType(), result.getServiceType());
         assertEquals(original.getHost(), result.getHost());
         assertEquals(original.getHostname(), result.getHostname());
+        assertArrayEquals(original.getPublicKey(), result.getPublicKey());
         assertTrue(original.getPort() == result.getPort());
         assertEquals(original.getNetwork(), result.getNetwork());
         assertEquals(original.getInterfaceIndex(), result.getInterfaceIndex());
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3ce0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_test_host {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+    // Only compile source java files in this apk.
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        ":ArgumentConstants",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "cts-tradefed",
+        "tradefed",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-build-testing",
+    ],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+    data: [
+        ":CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp",
+        ":CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp2",
+    ],
+    per_testcase_directory: true,
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44f77f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS network policy host test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.LocationCheck" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.cts.netpolicy.NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer" />
+
+    <!-- Enabling change id ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS allows that package to access @TestApi methods -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
+        <option name="run-command" value="am compat enable ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="am compat reset ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd power set-mode 0" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd battery reset" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd netpolicy stop-watching" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.DeviceSetup">
+        <option name="force-skip-system-props" value="true" />
+        <option name="set-global-setting" key="verifier_verify_adb_installs" value="0" />
+        <option name="set-global-setting" key="low_power_standby_enabled" value="0" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <test class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.testtype.JarHostTest" >
+        <option name="jar" value="CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests.jar" />
+        <option name="runtime-hint" value="3m56s" />
+    </test>
+
+    <metrics_collector class="com.android.tradefed.device.metric.FilePullerLogCollector">
+        <option name="directory-keys" value="/sdcard/CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests" />
+        <option name="collect-on-run-ended-only" value="true" />
+    </metrics_collector>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/OWNERS b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea83e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 61373
+# Inherits parent owners
+include platform/frameworks/base:/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/OWNERS
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/TEST_MAPPING b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57ac4f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+  "presubmit-large": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "android.platform.test.annotations.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      // Postsubmit on virtual devices to monitor flakiness of all tests that don't require a
+      // physical device
+      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b182090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_test_helper_library {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAidl",
+    sdk_version: "current",
+    srcs: [
+        "com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/*.aidl",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/IMyService.aidl
similarity index 82%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/IMyService.aidl
index e7b2815..068d9d8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/IMyService.aidl
@@ -14,16 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.app.job.JobInfo;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
 
 interface IMyService {
     void registerBroadcastReceiver();
     int getCounters(String receiverName, String action);
-    String checkNetworkStatus();
+    NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(String customUrl);
     String getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
     void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType);
     void registerNetworkCallback(in NetworkRequest request, in INetworkCallback cb);
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
index 2048bab..38efc7b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
similarity index 78%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
index 19198c5..c6b7a1c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
+
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
 
 interface INetworkStateObserver {
-    void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, String resultData);
+    void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, in NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult);
 
     const int RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED = 0;
     const int RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE = 1;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/net/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCheckResult.aidl
similarity index 74%
copy from tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/net/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
copy to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCheckResult.aidl
index 472e347..7aac2ab 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/net/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/aidl/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCheckResult.aidl
@@ -14,8 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.arguments;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-public interface InstrumentationArguments {
-    String ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY = "waive_bind_priority";
-}
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+
+@JavaDerive(toString=true)
+parcelable NetworkCheckResult {
+   boolean connected;
+   String details;
+   NetworkInfo networkInfo;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a31c843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAppDefaults",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAidl",
+        "androidx.test.ext.junit",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "androidx.test.uiautomator_uiautomator",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.runner",
+        "android.test.base",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        ":ArgumentConstants",
+    ],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp",
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAppDefaults",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f19e35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
+
+    <application android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyNotificationListenerService"
+             android:label="MyNotificationListenerService"
+             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+         android:targetPackage="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside"/>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
index d9ff539..19e4364 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
index 0d7365f..ae226e2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
index 8a3e790..da633c0 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
index b037953..0c8cb70 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE;
 
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
similarity index 88%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
index 7cac2af..5435920 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index 2ca8832..d0203c5 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
@@ -23,17 +23,18 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
 import static android.os.BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_ANY;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.executeShellCommand;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.forceRunJob;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getConnectivityManager;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getContext;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getInstrumentation;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.restrictBackgroundValueToString;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackgroundInternal;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.executeShellCommand;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.forceRunJob;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getConnectivityManager;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getContext;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getInstrumentation;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.restrictBackgroundValueToString;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackgroundInternal;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
@@ -78,10 +80,10 @@
 import org.junit.rules.RuleChain;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
@@ -91,8 +93,8 @@
 public abstract class AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
     public static final String TAG = "RestrictBackgroundNetworkTests";
 
-    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
-    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2";
+    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2";
     // TODO(b/321797685): Configure it via device-config once it is available.
     protected static final long PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5);
 
@@ -110,17 +112,17 @@
     private static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
     private static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
     private static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
     private static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
     // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
     private static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
             "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
 
     private static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
     static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
 
     protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
     protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
@@ -136,6 +138,7 @@
 
     private static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
     private static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
+    private static final String KEY_CUSTOM_URL = TEST_PKG + ".custom_url";
 
     private static final String EMPTY_STRING = "";
 
@@ -165,6 +168,7 @@
     protected ConnectivityManager mCm;
     protected int mUid;
     private int mMyUid;
+    private @Nullable String mCustomUrl;
     private MyServiceClient mServiceClient;
     private DeviceConfigStateHelper mDeviceIdleDeviceConfigStateHelper;
     private PowerManager mPowerManager;
@@ -185,6 +189,11 @@
         mServiceClient = new MyServiceClient(mContext);
 
         final Bundle args = InstrumentationRegistry.getArguments();
+        mCustomUrl = args.getString(ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL);
+        if (mCustomUrl != null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Using custom URL " + mCustomUrl + " for network checks");
+        }
+
         final int bindPriorityFlags;
         if (Boolean.valueOf(args.getString(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "false"))) {
             bindPriorityFlags = Context.BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
@@ -502,25 +511,23 @@
      */
     private String checkNetworkAccess(boolean expectAvailable,
             @Nullable final String expectedUnavailableError) throws Exception {
-        final String resultData = mServiceClient.checkNetworkStatus();
-        return checkForAvailabilityInResultData(resultData, expectAvailable,
+        final NetworkCheckResult checkResult = mServiceClient.checkNetworkStatus(mCustomUrl);
+        return checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(checkResult, expectAvailable,
                 expectedUnavailableError);
     }
 
-    private String checkForAvailabilityInResultData(String resultData, boolean expectAvailable,
-            @Nullable final String expectedUnavailableError) {
-        if (resultData == null) {
-            assertNotNull("Network status from app2 is null", resultData);
-        }
-        // Network status format is described on MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus()
-        final String[] parts = resultData.split(NETWORK_STATUS_SEPARATOR);
-        assertEquals("Wrong network status: " + resultData, 5, parts.length);
-        final State state = parts[0].equals("null") ? null : State.valueOf(parts[0]);
-        final DetailedState detailedState = parts[1].equals("null")
-                ? null : DetailedState.valueOf(parts[1]);
-        final boolean connected = Boolean.valueOf(parts[2]);
-        final String connectionCheckDetails = parts[3];
-        final String networkInfo = parts[4];
+    private String checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult,
+            boolean expectAvailable, @Nullable final String expectedUnavailableError) {
+        assertNotNull("NetworkCheckResult from app2 is null", networkCheckResult);
+
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = networkCheckResult.networkInfo;
+        assertNotNull("NetworkInfo from app2 is null", networkInfo);
+
+        final State state = networkInfo.getState();
+        final DetailedState detailedState = networkInfo.getDetailedState();
+
+        final boolean connected = networkCheckResult.connected;
+        final String connectionCheckDetails = networkCheckResult.details;
 
         final StringBuilder errors = new StringBuilder();
         final State expectedState;
@@ -926,33 +933,36 @@
         if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
             startForegroundService();
             assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
-            return;
         } else if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY) {
             turnScreenOn();
             final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
             final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(type);
             final Bundle extras = new Bundle();
-            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result = new ArrayList<>(1);
+            final AtomicReference<Pair<Integer, NetworkCheckResult>> result =
+                    new AtomicReference<>();
             extras.putBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER, getNewNetworkStateObserver(latch, result));
             extras.putBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS, !expectAvailable);
+            extras.putString(KEY_CUSTOM_URL, mCustomUrl);
             launchIntent.putExtras(extras);
             mContext.startActivity(launchIntent);
             if (latch.await(ACTIVITY_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
-                final int resultCode = result.get(0).first;
-                final String resultData = result.get(0).second;
+                final int resultCode = result.get().first;
+                final NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult = result.get().second;
                 if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED) {
-                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInResultData(
-                            resultData, expectAvailable, null /* expectedUnavailableError */);
+                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(
+                            networkCheckResult, expectAvailable,
+                            null /* expectedUnavailableError */);
                     if (error != null) {
                         fail("Network is not available for activity in app2 (" + mUid + "): "
                                 + error);
                     }
                 } else if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE) {
-                    Log.d(TAG, resultData);
+                    Log.d(TAG, networkCheckResult.details);
                     // App didn't come to foreground when the activity is started, so try again.
                     assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
                 } else {
-                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode + "; received=[" + resultData + "]");
+                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode
+                            + "; networkCheckResult=[" + networkCheckResult + "]");
                 }
             } else {
                 fail("Timed out waiting for network availability status from app2's activity ("
@@ -960,10 +970,12 @@
             }
         } else if (type == TYPE_EXPEDITED_JOB) {
             final Bundle extras = new Bundle();
-            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result = new ArrayList<>(1);
+            final AtomicReference<Pair<Integer, NetworkCheckResult>> result =
+                    new AtomicReference<>();
             final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
             extras.putBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER, getNewNetworkStateObserver(latch, result));
             extras.putBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS, !expectAvailable);
+            extras.putString(KEY_CUSTOM_URL, mCustomUrl);
             final JobInfo jobInfo = new JobInfo.Builder(TEST_JOB_ID, TEST_JOB_COMPONENT)
                     .setExpedited(true)
                     .setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_ANY)
@@ -973,11 +985,12 @@
                     RESULT_SUCCESS, mServiceClient.scheduleJob(jobInfo));
             forceRunJob(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_JOB_ID);
             if (latch.await(JOB_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
-                final int resultCode = result.get(0).first;
-                final String resultData = result.get(0).second;
+                final int resultCode = result.get().first;
+                final NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult = result.get().second;
                 if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED) {
-                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInResultData(
-                            resultData, expectAvailable, null /* expectedUnavailableError */);
+                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInNetworkCheckResult(
+                            networkCheckResult, expectAvailable,
+                            null /* expectedUnavailableError */);
                     if (error != null) {
                         Log.d(TAG, "Network state is unexpected, checking again. " + error);
                         // Right now we could end up in an unexpected state if expedited job
@@ -985,7 +998,8 @@
                         assertNetworkAccess(expectAvailable, false /* needScreenOn */);
                     }
                 } else {
-                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode + "; received=[" + resultData + "]");
+                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode
+                            + "; networkCheckResult=[" + networkCheckResult + "]");
                 }
             } else {
                 fail("Timed out waiting for network availability status from app2's expedited job ("
@@ -1028,11 +1042,12 @@
     }
 
     private Binder getNewNetworkStateObserver(final CountDownLatch latch,
-            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result) {
+            final AtomicReference<Pair<Integer, NetworkCheckResult>> result) {
         return new INetworkStateObserver.Stub() {
             @Override
-            public void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, String resultData) {
-                result.add(Pair.create(resultCode, resultData));
+            public void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode,
+                    NetworkCheckResult networkCheckResult) {
+                result.set(Pair.create(resultCode, networkCheckResult));
                 latch.countDown();
             }
         };
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
index f1858d6..6b802f6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class AppIdleMeteredTest extends AbstractAppIdleTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
index e737a6d..2e725ae 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class AppIdleNonMeteredTest extends AbstractAppIdleTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
index c78ca2e..2e421f6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class BatterySaverModeMeteredTest extends AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
index fb52a54..0be5644 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest extends AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
similarity index 80%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
index c1d576d..811190f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getUiDevice;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getUiDevice;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
     @After
     public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
         super.tearDown();
+        finishActivity();
         resetDeviceState();
     }
 
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@
     @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
     public void testStartActivity_batterySaver() throws Exception {
         setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
         assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_batterySaver", null);
     }
 
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@
     @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
     public void testStartActivity_dataSaver() throws Exception {
         setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
         assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_dataSaver", null);
     }
 
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@
     @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE})
     public void testStartActivity_doze() throws Exception {
         setDozeMode(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
         // TODO (235284115): We need to turn on Doze every time before starting
         // the activity.
         assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_doze", null);
@@ -93,6 +97,7 @@
     public void testStartActivity_appStandby() throws Exception {
         turnBatteryOn();
         setAppIdle(true);
+        assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
         // TODO (235284115): We need to put the app into app standby mode every
         // time before starting the activity.
         assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_appStandby", null);
@@ -104,6 +109,7 @@
         assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_default", () -> {
             assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
             SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
index 790e031..66e0d00 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.FeatureUtil.isTV;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NO_DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NO_DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
index 13bbab6..69ca206 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.clearSnoozeTimestamps;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.clearSnoozeTimestamps;
 
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
similarity index 86%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
index f3a1026..810fd19 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest extends AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
index 5651dd0..fef546c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest extends AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
index 4306c99..741dd7e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
index 1e89f15..f343df5 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class DozeModeNonMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
similarity index 92%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
index 07434b1..2dc6cc4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_APP2_PKG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_APP2_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_PKG;
 
 import android.os.Environment;
 import android.os.FileUtils;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
 public class DumpOnFailureRule extends OnFailureRule {
     private File mDumpDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
-            "CtsHostsideNetworkTests");
+            "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTests");
 
     @Override
     public void onTestFailure(Statement base, Description description, Throwable throwable) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
index 3809534..d56a50b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
 public class ExpeditedJobMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
index 6596269..0a776ee 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 @RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
 public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
similarity index 86%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
index 5c99c67..4f4e68e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setupActiveNetworkMeteredness;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setupActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
index c9edda6..b0fa106 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
 
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.Log;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
index 0132536..6dc9921 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.app.Notification;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
similarity index 94%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
index 980ecd5..71b28f6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import android.app.job.JobInfo;
 import android.content.ComponentName;
@@ -98,9 +98,10 @@
         return mService.getCounters(receiverName, action);
     }
 
-    public String checkNetworkStatus() throws RemoteException {
+    /** Retrieves the network state as observed from the bound test app */
+    public NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(String address) throws RemoteException {
         ensureServiceConnection();
-        return mService.checkNetworkStatus();
+        return mService.checkNetworkStatus(address);
     }
 
     public String getRestrictBackgroundStatus() throws RemoteException {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
index 5552b8f..7038d02 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getActiveNetworkCapabilities;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getActiveNetworkCapabilities;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
index 968e270..9b3fe9f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
index f340907..0207b00 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
index 5331601..26a88f2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 import static android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration.METERED_OVERRIDE_NONE;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/Property.java
similarity index 72%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/Property.java
index 18805f9..a03833f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/Property.java
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isActiveNetworkMetered;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDataSaverSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isLowRamDevice;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isActiveNetworkMetered;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDataSaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isLowRamDevice;
 
 public enum Property {
     BATTERY_SAVER_MODE(1 << 0) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
index 96838bb..799a513 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
 import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
index 01f9f3e..5dea67c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
 
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
similarity index 97%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
index 4777bf4..f183f4e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef0b06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp2",
+    defaults: ["cts_support_defaults"],
+    platform_apis: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsAidl",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+    certificate: ":cts-netpolicy-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668f2da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+     Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" />
+
+    <!--
+     This application is used to listen to RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED intents and store
+     them in a shared preferences which is then read by the test app. These broadcasts are
+     handled by 2 listeners, one defined the manifest and another dynamically registered by
+     a service.
+
+     The manifest-defined listener also handles ordered broadcasts used to share data with the
+     test app.
+
+     This application also provides a service, RemoteSocketFactoryService, that the test app can
+     use to open sockets to remote hosts as a different user ID.
+    -->
+    <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
+            android:testOnly="true"
+            android:debuggable="true">
+
+        <activity android:name=".MyActivity"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyService"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyForegroundService"
+             android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
+                      android:value="Connectivity" />
+        </service>
+        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.GET_COUNTERS"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.GET_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.CHECK_NETWORK"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SEND_NOTIFICATION"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST"/>
+                </intent-filter>
+        </receiver>
+        <service android:name=".MyJobService"
+            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE" />
+    </application>
+
+    <!--
+      Adding this to make sure that receiving the broadcast is not restricted by
+      package visibility restrictions.
+    -->
+    <queries>
+        <package android:name="android" />
+    </queries>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/Common.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/Common.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1719f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/Common.java
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_OTHER;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.AsyncTask;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
+
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public final class Common {
+
+    static final String TAG = "CtsNetApp2";
+
+    // Constants below must match values defined on app's
+    // AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+    static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
+    static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
+
+    static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
+    static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
+    static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
+    static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
+            "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
+    // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
+    static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
+            "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_TEST_URL =
+            "https://connectivitycheck.android.com/generate_204";
+
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN = "FULL_SCREEN";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE = "BUNDLE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION = "ACTION";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE = "ACTION_BUNDLE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT = "ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT";
+
+    static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside";
+    static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
+    static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
+    static final String KEY_CUSTOM_URL =  TEST_PKG + ".custom_url";
+
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY = 0;
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = 1;
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB = 2;
+    private static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = (int) TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10);
+
+    static int getUid(Context context) {
+        final String packageName = context.getPackageName();
+        try {
+            return context.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
+        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not get UID for " + packageName, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkCheckResult createNetworkCheckResult(boolean connected, String details,
+            NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
+        final NetworkCheckResult checkResult = new NetworkCheckResult();
+        checkResult.connected = connected;
+        checkResult.details = details;
+        checkResult.networkInfo = networkInfo;
+        return checkResult;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean validateComponentState(Context context, int componentType,
+            INetworkStateObserver observer) throws RemoteException {
+        final ActivityManager activityManager = context.getSystemService(ActivityManager.class);
+        switch (componentType) {
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY: {
+                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
+                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
+                            createNetworkCheckResult(false, "Unexpected procstate: " + procState,
+                                    null));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE: {
+                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
+                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
+                            createNetworkCheckResult(false, "Unexpected procstate: " + procState,
+                                    null));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB: {
+                final int capabilities = activityManager.getUidProcessCapabilities(Process.myUid());
+                if ((capabilities
+                        & ActivityManager.PROCESS_CAPABILITY_POWER_RESTRICTED_NETWORK) == 0) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES,
+                            createNetworkCheckResult(false,
+                                    "Unexpected capabilities: " + capabilities, null));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            default: {
+                observer.onNetworkStateChecked(RESULT_ERROR_OTHER,
+                        createNetworkCheckResult(false, "Unknown component type: " + componentType,
+                                null));
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Intent intent, int componentType) {
+        if (intent == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
+        notifyNetworkStateObserver(context, extras, componentType);
+    }
+
+    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Bundle extras, int componentType) {
+        if (extras == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final INetworkStateObserver observer = INetworkStateObserver.Stub.asInterface(
+                extras.getBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER));
+        if (observer != null) {
+            final String customUrl = extras.getString(KEY_CUSTOM_URL);
+            try {
+                final boolean skipValidation = extras.getBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS);
+                if (!skipValidation && !validateComponentState(context, componentType, observer)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while informing the validation result: " + e);
+            }
+            AsyncTask.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
+                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED,
+                            checkNetworkStatus(context, customUrl));
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while notifying the observer: " + e);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the network is available by attempting a connection to the given address
+     * and returns a {@link NetworkCheckResult} object containing all the relevant details for
+     * debugging. Uses a default address if the given address is {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * The returned object has the following fields:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>{@code connected}: whether or not the connection was successful.
+     * <li>{@code networkInfo}: the {@link NetworkInfo} describing the current active network as
+     * visible to this app.
+     * <li>{@code details}: A human readable string giving useful information about the success or
+     * failure.
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    static NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(Context context, String customUrl) {
+        final String address = (customUrl == null) ? DEFAULT_TEST_URL : customUrl;
+
+        // The current Android DNS resolver returns an UnknownHostException whenever network access
+        // is blocked. This can get cached in the current process-local InetAddress cache. Clearing
+        // the cache before attempting a connection ensures we never report a failure due to a
+        // negative cache entry.
+        InetAddress.clearDnsCache();
+
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+        Log.d(TAG, "Running checkNetworkStatus() on thread "
+                + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " for UID " + getUid(context)
+                + "\n\tactiveNetworkInfo: " + networkInfo + "\n\tURL: " + address);
+        boolean checkStatus = false;
+        String checkDetails = "N/A";
+        try {
+            final URL url = new URL(address);
+            final HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+            conn.setReadTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            conn.setConnectTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS / 2);
+            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
+            conn.connect();
+            final int response = conn.getResponseCode();
+            checkStatus = true;
+            checkDetails = "HTTP response for " + address + ": " + response;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            checkStatus = false;
+            checkDetails = "Exception getting " + address + ": " + e;
+        }
+        final NetworkCheckResult result = createNetworkCheckResult(checkStatus, checkDetails,
+                networkInfo);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Offering: " + result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
index aa58ff9..d274c50 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY;
 
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27aec8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SHOW_TOAST;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.MANIFEST_RECEIVER;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.Notification.Action;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.RemoteInput;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.SharedPreferences;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+/**
+ * Receiver used to:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>Count number of {@code RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED} broadcasts received.
+ *   <li>Show a toast.
+ * </ol>
+ */
+public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+
+    private final String mName;
+
+    public MyBroadcastReceiver() {
+        this(MANIFEST_RECEIVER);
+    }
+
+    MyBroadcastReceiver(String name) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Constructing MyBroadcastReceiver named " + name);
+        mName = name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "onReceive() for " + mName + ": " + intent);
+        final String action = intent.getAction();
+        switch (action) {
+            case ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING:
+                increaseCounter(context, action);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED:
+                increaseCounter(context, action);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_RECEIVER_READY:
+                final String message = mName + " is ready to rumble";
+                Log.d(TAG, message);
+                setResultData(message);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_SHOW_TOAST:
+                showToast(context);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "received unexpected action: " + action);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "[MyBroadcastReceiver: mName=" + mName + "]";
+    }
+
+    private void increaseCounter(Context context, String action) {
+        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getApplicationContext()
+                .getSharedPreferences(mName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0) + 1;
+        Log.d(TAG, "increaseCounter('" + action + "'): setting '" + mName + "' to " + value);
+        prefs.edit().putInt(action, value).apply();
+    }
+
+    static int getCounter(Context context, String action, String receiverName) {
+        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(receiverName,
+                Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0);
+        Log.d(TAG, "getCounter('" + action + "', '" + receiverName + "'): " + value);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    static String getRestrictBackgroundStatus(Context context) {
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) context
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        final int apiStatus = cm.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+        Log.d(TAG, "getRestrictBackgroundStatus: returning " + apiStatus);
+        return String.valueOf(apiStatus);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends a system notification containing actions with pending intents to launch the app's
+     * main activitiy or service.
+     */
+    static void sendNotification(Context context, String channelId, int notificationId,
+            String notificationType ) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "sendNotification: id=" + notificationId + ", type=" + notificationType);
+        final Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, MyService.class);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0, serviceIntent,
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE);
+        final Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
+        bundle.putCharSequence("parcelable", "I am not");
+
+        final Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
+                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification);
+
+        Action action = null;
+        switch (notificationType) {
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT:
+                builder
+                    .setContentTitle("Light, Cameras...")
+                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE:
+                builder.setDeleteIntent(pendingIntent);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN:
+                builder.setFullScreenIntent(pendingIntent, true);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum P.I. (Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
+                builder.setExtras(bundle);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION:
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION", pendingIntent)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum A.P.I. (Action Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH BUNDLE", null)
+                        .addExtras(bundle)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum R.I. (Remote Input)", null);
+                final RemoteInput remoteInput = new RemoteInput.Builder("RI")
+                    .addExtras(bundle)
+                    .build();
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH REMOTE INPUT", pendingIntent)
+                        .addRemoteInput(remoteInput)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown notification type: " + notificationType);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        final Notification notification = builder.build();
+        ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
+            .notify(notificationId, notification);
+    }
+
+    private void showToast(Context context) {
+        Toast.makeText(context, "Toast from CTS test", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        setResultData("Shown");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
similarity index 87%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
index b55761c..54cee3c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TEST_PKG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TEST_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 
 import android.R;
 import android.app.Notification;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
 
 /**
  * Service used to change app state to FOREGROUND_SERVICE.
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
index 8c112b6..eba55ed 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_JOB;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_JOB;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB;
 
 import android.app.job.JobParameters;
 import android.app.job.JobService;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyService.java
similarity index 88%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyService.java
index 3ed5391..71bcead 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app2/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/app2/MyService.java
@@ -13,15 +13,14 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.DYNAMIC_RECEIVER;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_EXPORTED;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.DYNAMIC_RECEIVER;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
 
 import android.app.NotificationChannel;
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
@@ -39,8 +38,9 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IMyService;
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.IMyService;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.NetworkCheckResult;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 /**
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@
 
     // TODO: move MyBroadcast static functions here - they were kept there to make git diff easier.
 
-    private IMyService.Stub mBinder =
-        new IMyService.Stub() {
-
+    private IMyService.Stub mBinder = new IMyService.Stub() {
         @Override
         public void registerBroadcastReceiver() {
             if (mReceiver != null) {
@@ -83,8 +81,8 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public String checkNetworkStatus() {
-            return MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus(getApplicationContext());
+        public NetworkCheckResult checkNetworkStatus(String customUrl) {
+            return Common.checkNetworkStatus(getApplicationContext(), customUrl);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType) {
-            MyBroadcastReceiver .sendNotification(getApplicationContext(), NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
+            MyBroadcastReceiver.sendNotification(getApplicationContext(), NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
                     notificationId, notificationType);
         }
 
@@ -170,7 +168,7 @@
                     .getSystemService(JobScheduler.class);
             return jobScheduler.schedule(jobInfo);
         }
-      };
+    };
 
     @Override
     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfbc341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_framework_backstage_power",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_app_certificate {
+    name: "cts-netpolicy-app",
+    certificate: "cts-net-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/README b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/README
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/certs/README
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/README
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.pk8 b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/Android.bp
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/Android.bp
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/Android.bp
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/net/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/net/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
index 472e347..0fe98e9 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/net/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/instrumentation_arguments/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/arguments/InstrumentationArguments.java
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net.arguments;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments;
 
 public interface InstrumentationArguments {
     String ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY = "waive_bind_priority";
+    String ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL = "connection_check_custom_url";
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
similarity index 76%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
index 880e826..422231d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest.java
@@ -14,13 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
 
 import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
 
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.AfterClassWithInfo;
@@ -30,8 +29,8 @@
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-@SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
-public class HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideConnOnActivityStartTest extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
     private static final String TEST_CLASS = TEST_PKG + ".ConnOnActivityStartTest";
 
     @BeforeClassWithInfo
@@ -47,29 +46,29 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_batterySaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_batterySaver");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_batterySaver");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_dataSaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_dataSaver");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_dataSaver");
     }
 
     @FlakyTest(bugId = 231440256)
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_doze() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_doze");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_doze");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_appStandby() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_appStandby");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_appStandby");
     }
 
     // TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side test.
     @Test
     public void testStartActivity_default() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTestsWithArgs(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_default",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_CLASS, "testStartActivity_default",
                 Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java
similarity index 88%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java
index 0d01fc1..62952bb 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests.java
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
 
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
+
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 
 // TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side tests.
-@SkipPresubmit(reason = "Monitoring for flakiness")
-public class HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideDefaultNetworkRestrictionsTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
     private static final String METERED_TEST_CLASS = TEST_PKG + ".DefaultRestrictionsMeteredTest";
     private static final String NON_METERED_TEST_CLASS =
             TEST_PKG + ".DefaultRestrictionsNonMeteredTest";
@@ -46,12 +47,12 @@
     }
 
     private void runMeteredTest(String methodName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        runDeviceTestsWithArgs(TEST_PKG, METERED_TEST_CLASS, methodName,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, METERED_TEST_CLASS, methodName,
                 Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
     }
 
     private void runNonMeteredTest(String methodName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        runDeviceTestsWithArgs(TEST_PKG, NON_METERED_TEST_CLASS, methodName,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, NON_METERED_TEST_CLASS, methodName,
                 Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
similarity index 79%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
index 361f7c7..2c2b118 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
 
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-@SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
-public class HostsideNetworkCallbackTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideNetworkCallbackTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -41,20 +41,20 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_dataSaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_dataSaver");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_powerSaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_powerSaver");
     }
 
     // TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side test.
     @Test
     public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_default() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTestsWithArgs(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest",
                 "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_default", Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
similarity index 82%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
index e97db58..8ffe360 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
-import static com.android.cts.net.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
-public class HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+public class HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
@@ -38,48 +38,48 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withUidNotBlocked() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withUidNotBlocked");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest", "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withRestrictedNetworkingMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withRestrictedNetworkingMode");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG,
                 TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest", "testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks");
     }
 
     // TODO(b/321848487): Annotate with @RequiresFlagsEnabled to mirror the device-side test.
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_whenInBackground() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTestsWithArgs(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
                 "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_whenInBackground",
                 Map.of(ARG_WAIVE_BIND_PRIORITY, "true"));
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6de6b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
+
+import static com.android.cts.netpolicy.arguments.InstrumentationArguments.ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
+import com.android.tradefed.config.Option;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
+import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.BuildError;
+import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TargetSetupError;
+import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.AfterClassWithInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BaseHostJUnit4Test;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BeforeClassWithInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.DeviceTestRunOptions;
+import com.android.tradefed.util.RunUtil;
+
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@RunWith(DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
+abstract class HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase extends BaseHostJUnit4Test {
+    protected static final boolean DEBUG = false;
+    protected static final String TAG = "HostsideNetworkPolicyTests";
+    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside";
+    protected static final String TEST_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp.apk";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkPolicyTestsApp2.apk";
+
+    @Option(name = "custom-url", importance = Option.Importance.IF_UNSET,
+            description = "A custom url to use for testing network connections")
+    protected String mCustomUrl;
+
+    @BeforeClassWithInfo
+    public static void setUpOnceBase(TestInformation testInfo) throws Exception {
+        uninstallPackage(testInfo, TEST_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(testInfo, TEST_APK);
+    }
+
+    @AfterClassWithInfo
+    public static void tearDownOnceBase(TestInformation testInfo)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        uninstallPackage(testInfo, TEST_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    // Custom static method to install the specified package, this is used to bypass auto-cleanup
+    // per test in BaseHostJUnit4.
+    protected static void installPackage(TestInformation testInfo, String apk)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException, TargetSetupError {
+        assertNotNull(testInfo);
+        final int userId = testInfo.getDevice().getCurrentUser();
+        final SuiteApkInstaller installer = new SuiteApkInstaller();
+        // Force the apk clean up
+        installer.setCleanApk(true);
+        installer.addTestFileName(apk);
+        installer.setUserId(userId);
+        installer.setShouldGrantPermission(true);
+        installer.addInstallArg("-t");
+        try {
+            installer.setUp(testInfo);
+        } catch (BuildError e) {
+            throw new TargetSetupError(
+                    e.getMessage(), e, testInfo.getDevice().getDeviceDescriptor(), e.getErrorId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void installPackage(String apk) throws DeviceNotAvailableException, TargetSetupError {
+        installPackage(getTestInformation(), apk);
+    }
+
+    protected static void uninstallPackage(TestInformation testInfo, String packageName,
+            boolean shouldSucceed)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        assertNotNull(testInfo);
+        final String result = testInfo.getDevice().uninstallPackage(packageName);
+        if (shouldSucceed) {
+            assertNull("uninstallPackage(" + packageName + ") failed: " + result, result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void uninstallPackage(String packageName,
+            boolean shouldSucceed)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        uninstallPackage(getTestInformation(), packageName, shouldSucceed);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertPackageUninstalled(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final String command = "cmd package list packages " + packageName;
+        final int max_tries = 5;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= max_tries; i++) {
+            final String result = runCommand(command);
+            if (result.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // 'list packages' filters by substring, so we need to iterate with the results
+            // and check one by one, otherwise 'com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside' could return
+            // 'com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2'
+            boolean found = false;
+            for (String line : result.split("[\\r\\n]+")) {
+                if (line.endsWith(packageName)) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.v(TAG, "Package " + packageName + " not uninstalled yet (" + result
+                    + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
+            RunUtil.getDefault().sleep(1000);
+        }
+        fail("Package '" + packageName + "' not uinstalled after " + max_tries + " seconds");
+    }
+
+    protected int getUid(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final int currentUser = getDevice().getCurrentUser();
+        final String uidLines = runCommand(
+                "cmd package list packages -U --user " + currentUser + " " + packageName);
+        for (String uidLine : uidLines.split("\n")) {
+            if (uidLine.startsWith("package:" + packageName + " uid:")) {
+                final String[] uidLineParts = uidLine.split(":");
+                // 3rd entry is package uid
+                return Integer.parseInt(uidLineParts[2].trim());
+            }
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to find the test app on the device; pkg="
+                + packageName + ", u=" + currentUser);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(String packageName, String className)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        return runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(packageName, className, null);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(String packageName, String className,
+            String methodName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        return runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(packageName, className, methodName, null);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(String packageName, String className,
+            String methodName, Map<String, String> testArgs) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final DeviceTestRunOptions deviceTestRunOptions = new DeviceTestRunOptions(packageName)
+                .setTestClassName(className)
+                .setTestMethodName(methodName);
+
+        // Currently there is only one custom option that the test exposes.
+        if (mCustomUrl != null) {
+            deviceTestRunOptions.addInstrumentationArg(ARG_CONNECTION_CHECK_CUSTOM_URL, mCustomUrl);
+        }
+        // Pass over any test specific arguments.
+        if (testArgs != null) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> arg : testArgs.entrySet()) {
+                deviceTestRunOptions.addInstrumentationArg(arg.getKey(), arg.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        return runDeviceTests(deviceTestRunOptions);
+    }
+
+    protected String runCommand(String command) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Command: '" + command + "'");
+        final String output = getDevice().executeShellCommand(command);
+        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Output: " + output.trim());
+        return output;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
similarity index 76%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
index 9c3751d..0261c7d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.SecurityTest;
 
 import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.util.RunUtil;
 
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-@SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
-public class HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+@FlakyTest(bugId = 288324467)
+public class HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests extends HostsideNetworkPolicyTestCase {
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     @SecurityTest
     @Test
     public void testDataWarningReceiver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataWarningReceiverTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataWarningReceiverTest",
                 "testSnoozeWarningNotReceived");
     }
 
@@ -56,25 +56,25 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_blacklisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_blacklisted");
     }
 
@@ -97,13 +97,13 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_requiredWhitelistedPackages() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_requiredWhitelistedPackages");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataSaverMode_broadcastNotSentOnUnsupportedDevices() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
                 "testBroadcastNotSentOnUnsupportedDevices");
     }
 
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
@@ -149,19 +149,19 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
@@ -171,31 +171,31 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_tempWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_tempWhitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_idleWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_idleWhitelisted");
     }
 
@@ -206,51 +206,51 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_tempWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_tempWhitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_idleWhitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_idleWhitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleNonMetered_whenCharging() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_whenCharging");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleMetered_whenCharging() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_whenCharging");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdle_toast() throws Exception {
         // Check that showing a toast doesn't bring an app out of standby
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
                 "testAppIdle_toast");
     }
 
@@ -260,25 +260,25 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeMetered_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction");
     }
 
@@ -289,26 +289,26 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeModeNonMetered_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction()
             throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
                 "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction");
     }
 
@@ -318,55 +318,55 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_meteredNetwork() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDataAndBatterySaverModes_meteredNetwork");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_nonMeteredNetwork() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDataAndBatterySaverModes_nonMeteredNetwork");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeAndBatterySaverMode_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDozeAndBatterySaverMode_powerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeAndAppIdle_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDozeAndAppIdle_powerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDozeAndAppIdle_appIdleWhitelist() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testDozeAndAppIdle_appIdleWhitelist");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
                 "testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists");
     }
 
@@ -376,13 +376,13 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testNetworkAccess_restrictedMode() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
                 "testNetworkAccess");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testNetworkAccess_restrictedMode_withBatterySaver() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
                 "testNetworkAccess_withBatterySaver");
     }
 
@@ -392,12 +392,12 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testMeteredNetworkAccess_expeditedJob() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobMeteredTest");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobMeteredTest");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testNonMeteredNetworkAccess_expeditedJob() throws Exception {
-        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest");
+        runDeviceTestsWithCustomOptions(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest");
     }
 
     /*******************
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
rename to tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
index 23aca24..cbf2f4d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.cts.net;
+package com.android.cts.netpolicy;
 
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
index f6c0430..14d5d54 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
     // Only compile source java files in this apk.
     srcs: [
         "src/**/*.java",
-        ":ArgumentConstants",
     ],
     libs: [
         "net-tests-utils-host-device-common",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
index 0ffe81e..ea6b078 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
 
     <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.LocationCheck" />
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.cts.net.NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer" />
 
     <!-- Enabling change id ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS allows that package to access @TestApi methods -->
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@
         <option name="teardown-command" value="am compat reset ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2" />
         <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd power set-mode 0" />
         <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd battery reset" />
-        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd netpolicy stop-watching" />
     </target_preparer>
 
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.DeviceSetup">
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS b/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 20bc55e..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-# Bug component: 61373
-# Inherits parent owners
-sudheersai@google.com
-jchalard@google.com
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
index 18a5897..33761dc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
     sdk_version: "current",
     srcs: [
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl",
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl",
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl",
-        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.java",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
index cf4afa9..919e025 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "src/**/*.java",
-         ":ArgumentConstants",
     ],
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
index ca3397b..e0f4cdc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -43,14 +43,6 @@
                 <action android:name="android.net.VpnService"/>
             </intent-filter>
         </service>
-        <service android:name=".MyNotificationListenerService"
-             android:label="MyNotificationListenerService"
-             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE"
-             android:exported="true">
-            <intent-filter>
-                <action android:name="android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService"/>
-            </intent-filter>
-        </service>
     </application>
 
     <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index 0f86d78..50d6e76 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
 import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectUtil;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback;
@@ -221,6 +222,7 @@
     private WifiManager mWifiManager;
     private RemoteSocketFactoryClient mRemoteSocketFactoryClient;
     private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private ConnectUtil mConnectUtil;
     private PackageManager mPackageManager;
     private Context mTestContext;
     private Context mTargetContext;
@@ -257,7 +259,6 @@
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         mNetwork = null;
         mTestContext = getInstrumentation().getContext();
         mTargetContext = getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();
@@ -271,7 +272,9 @@
         mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.bind();
         mDevice.waitForIdle();
         mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mTestContext);
+        mConnectUtil = new ConnectUtil(mTestContext);
         mPackageManager = mTestContext.getPackageManager();
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
     }
 
     @After
@@ -893,7 +896,7 @@
         final boolean isWifiEnabled = mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
         testAndCleanup(() -> {
             // Ensure both of wifi and mobile data are connected.
-            final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            final Network wifiNetwork = mConnectUtil.ensureWifiValidated();
             final Network cellNetwork = mNetworkCallbackRule.requestCell();
             // Store current default network.
             final Network defaultNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
@@ -1940,7 +1943,7 @@
                 .build();
         final CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback callback = new CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback();
         mCM.requestNetwork(request, callback);
-        final FileDescriptor srcTunFd = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor srcTunFd = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
             final TestNetworkManager tnm = mTestContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
             List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = duplicatedAddress
                     ? List.of(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/24"),
@@ -1949,7 +1952,7 @@
                             new LinkAddress("2001:db8:3:4::ffe/64"));
             final TestNetworkInterface iface = tnm.createTunInterface(linkAddresses);
             tnm.setupTestNetwork(iface.getInterfaceName(), new Binder());
-            return iface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
+            return iface.getFileDescriptor();
         }, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
         final Network testNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
         assertNotNull(testNetwork);
@@ -1963,11 +1966,11 @@
                     false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
 
             final FileDescriptor dstUdpFd = dstSock.getFileDescriptor$();
-            checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd, dstUdpFd,
+            checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd.getFileDescriptor(), dstUdpFd,
                     InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2") /* dstAddress */,
                     InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1") /* srcAddress */,
                     duplicatedAddress ? EXPECT_PASS : EXPECT_BLOCK);
-            checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd, dstUdpFd,
+            checkBlockUdp(srcTunFd.getFileDescriptor(), dstUdpFd,
                     InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1:2::ffe") /* dstAddress */,
                     InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1:2::ffa") /* srcAddress */,
                     duplicatedAddress ? EXPECT_PASS : EXPECT_BLOCK);
@@ -1975,7 +1978,7 @@
             // Traffic on VPN should not be affected
             checkTrafficOnVpn();
         }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
-                Os.close(srcTunFd);
+                srcTunFd.close();
                 dstSock.close();
             }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
                 runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
index c526172..ad25562 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
@@ -35,5 +35,4 @@
         "general-tests",
         "sts",
     ],
-    certificate: ":cts-net-app",
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
index 2c2d957..412b307 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -40,33 +40,8 @@
     <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
             android:testOnly="true"
             android:debuggable="true">
-
-        <activity android:name=".MyActivity"
-             android:exported="true"/>
-        <service android:name=".MyService"
-             android:exported="true"/>
-        <service android:name=".MyForegroundService"
-             android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"
-             android:exported="true">
-            <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" 
-                      android:value="Connectivity" />
-        </service>
         <service android:name=".RemoteSocketFactoryService"
              android:exported="true"/>
-
-        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
-             android:exported="true">
-            <intent-filter>
-                <action android:name="android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.GET_COUNTERS"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.GET_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.CHECK_NETWORK"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SEND_NOTIFICATION"/>
-                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST"/>
-                </intent-filter>
-        </receiver>
-        <service android:name=".MyJobService"
-            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE" />
     </application>
 
     <!--
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 37dc7a0..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
-
-import android.app.ActivityManager;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
-import android.os.AsyncTask;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.Process;
-import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
-
-public final class Common {
-
-    static final String TAG = "CtsNetApp2";
-
-    // Constants below must match values defined on app's
-    // AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
-    static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
-    static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
-
-    static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
-    static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
-    static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
-    static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
-            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
-    // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
-    static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
-            "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
-
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN = "FULL_SCREEN";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE = "BUNDLE";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION = "ACTION";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE = "ACTION_BUNDLE";
-    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT = "ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT";
-
-    static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
-    static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
-    static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
-
-    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY = 0;
-    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = 1;
-    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB = 2;
-
-    static int getUid(Context context) {
-        final String packageName = context.getPackageName();
-        try {
-            return context.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
-        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not get UID for " + packageName, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static boolean validateComponentState(Context context, int componentType,
-            INetworkStateObserver observer) throws RemoteException {
-        final ActivityManager activityManager = context.getSystemService(ActivityManager.class);
-        switch (componentType) {
-            case TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY: {
-                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
-                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
-                            "Unexpected procstate: " + procState);
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            case TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE: {
-                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
-                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
-                            "Unexpected procstate: " + procState);
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            case TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB: {
-                final int capabilities = activityManager.getUidProcessCapabilities(Process.myUid());
-                if ((capabilities
-                        & ActivityManager.PROCESS_CAPABILITY_POWER_RESTRICTED_NETWORK) == 0) {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES,
-                            "Unexpected capabilities: " + capabilities);
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            default: {
-                observer.onNetworkStateChecked(INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_OTHER,
-                        "Unknown component type: " + componentType);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Intent intent, int componentType) {
-        if (intent == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-        final Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
-        notifyNetworkStateObserver(context, extras, componentType);
-    }
-
-    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Bundle extras, int componentType) {
-        if (extras == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-        final INetworkStateObserver observer = INetworkStateObserver.Stub.asInterface(
-                extras.getBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER));
-        if (observer != null) {
-            try {
-                final boolean skipValidation = extras.getBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS);
-                if (!skipValidation && !validateComponentState(context, componentType, observer)) {
-                    return;
-                }
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while informing the validation result: " + e);
-            }
-            AsyncTask.execute(() -> {
-                try {
-                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
-                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED,
-                            MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus(context));
-                } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while notifying the observer: " + e);
-                }
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 825f2c9..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,277 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
-
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
-
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SHOW_TOAST;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.MANIFEST_RECEIVER;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.getUid;
-
-import android.app.Notification;
-import android.app.Notification.Action;
-import android.app.NotificationManager;
-import android.app.PendingIntent;
-import android.app.RemoteInput;
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.SharedPreferences;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.NetworkInfo;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.util.Log;
-import android.widget.Toast;
-
-import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.URL;
-
-/**
- * Receiver used to:
- * <ol>
- *   <li>Count number of {@code RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED} broadcasts received.
- *   <li>Show a toast.
- * </ol>
- */
-public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
-
-    private static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 1000;
-
-    private final String mName;
-
-    public MyBroadcastReceiver() {
-        this(MANIFEST_RECEIVER);
-    }
-
-    MyBroadcastReceiver(String name) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "Constructing MyBroadcastReceiver named " + name);
-        mName = name;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "onReceive() for " + mName + ": " + intent);
-        final String action = intent.getAction();
-        switch (action) {
-            case ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING:
-                increaseCounter(context, action);
-                break;
-            case ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED:
-                increaseCounter(context, action);
-                break;
-            case ACTION_RECEIVER_READY:
-                final String message = mName + " is ready to rumble";
-                Log.d(TAG, message);
-                setResultData(message);
-                break;
-            case ACTION_SHOW_TOAST:
-                showToast(context);
-                break;
-            default:
-                Log.e(TAG, "received unexpected action: " + action);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return "[MyBroadcastReceiver: mName=" + mName + "]";
-    }
-
-    private void increaseCounter(Context context, String action) {
-        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getApplicationContext()
-                .getSharedPreferences(mName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
-        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0) + 1;
-        Log.d(TAG, "increaseCounter('" + action + "'): setting '" + mName + "' to " + value);
-        prefs.edit().putInt(action, value).apply();
-    }
-
-    static int getCounter(Context context, String action, String receiverName) {
-        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(receiverName,
-                Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
-        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0);
-        Log.d(TAG, "getCounter('" + action + "', '" + receiverName + "'): " + value);
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    static String getRestrictBackgroundStatus(Context context) {
-        final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) context
-                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        final int apiStatus = cm.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
-        Log.d(TAG, "getRestrictBackgroundStatus: returning " + apiStatus);
-        return String.valueOf(apiStatus);
-    }
-
-    private static final String NETWORK_STATUS_TEMPLATE = "%s|%s|%s|%s|%s";
-    /**
-     * Checks whether the network is available and return a string which can then be send as a
-     * result data for the ordered broadcast.
-     *
-     * <p>
-     * The string has the following format:
-     *
-     * <p><pre><code>
-     * NetinfoState|NetinfoDetailedState|RealConnectionCheck|RealConnectionCheckDetails|Netinfo
-     * </code></pre>
-     *
-     * <p>Where:
-     *
-     * <ul>
-     * <li>{@code NetinfoState}: enum value of {@link NetworkInfo.State}.
-     * <li>{@code NetinfoDetailedState}: enum value of {@link NetworkInfo.DetailedState}.
-     * <li>{@code RealConnectionCheck}: boolean value of a real connection check (i.e., an attempt
-     *     to access an external website.
-     * <li>{@code RealConnectionCheckDetails}: if HTTP output core or exception string of the real
-     *     connection attempt
-     * <li>{@code Netinfo}: string representation of the {@link NetworkInfo}.
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * For example, if the connection was established fine, the result would be something like:
-     * <p><pre><code>
-     * CONNECTED|CONNECTED|true|200|[type: WIFI[], state: CONNECTED/CONNECTED, reason: ...]
-     * </code></pre>
-     *
-     */
-    // TODO: now that it uses Binder, it counl return a Bundle with the data parts instead...
-    static String checkNetworkStatus(Context context) {
-        final ConnectivityManager cm =
-                (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        // TODO: connect to a hostside server instead
-        final String address = "http://example.com";
-        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
-        Log.d(TAG, "Running checkNetworkStatus() on thread "
-                + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " for UID " + getUid(context)
-                + "\n\tactiveNetworkInfo: " + networkInfo + "\n\tURL: " + address);
-        boolean checkStatus = false;
-        String checkDetails = "N/A";
-        try {
-            final URL url = new URL(address);
-            final HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
-            conn.setReadTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
-            conn.setConnectTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS / 2);
-            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
-            conn.setDoInput(true);
-            conn.connect();
-            final int response = conn.getResponseCode();
-            checkStatus = true;
-            checkDetails = "HTTP response for " + address + ": " + response;
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            checkStatus = false;
-            checkDetails = "Exception getting " + address + ": " + e;
-        }
-        // If the app tries to make a network connection in the foreground immediately after
-        // trying to do the same when it's network access was blocked, it could receive a
-        // UnknownHostException due to the cached DNS entry. So, clear the dns cache after
-        // every network access for now until we have a fix on the platform side.
-        InetAddress.clearDnsCache();
-        Log.d(TAG, checkDetails);
-        final String state, detailedState;
-        if (networkInfo != null) {
-            state = networkInfo.getState().name();
-            detailedState = networkInfo.getDetailedState().name();
-        } else {
-            state = detailedState = "null";
-        }
-        final String status = String.format(NETWORK_STATUS_TEMPLATE, state, detailedState,
-                Boolean.valueOf(checkStatus), checkDetails, networkInfo);
-        Log.d(TAG, "Offering " + status);
-        return status;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sends a system notification containing actions with pending intents to launch the app's
-     * main activitiy or service.
-     */
-    static void sendNotification(Context context, String channelId, int notificationId,
-            String notificationType ) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "sendNotification: id=" + notificationId + ", type=" + notificationType);
-        final Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, MyService.class);
-        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0, serviceIntent,
-                PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE);
-        final Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
-        bundle.putCharSequence("parcelable", "I am not");
-
-        final Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
-                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification);
-
-        Action action = null;
-        switch (notificationType) {
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT:
-                builder
-                    .setContentTitle("Light, Cameras...")
-                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE:
-                builder.setDeleteIntent(pendingIntent);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN:
-                builder.setFullScreenIntent(pendingIntent, true);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE:
-                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum P.I. (Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
-                builder.setExtras(bundle);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION:
-                action = new Action.Builder(
-                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION", pendingIntent)
-                        .build();
-                builder.addAction(action);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE:
-                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum A.P.I. (Action Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
-                action = new Action.Builder(
-                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH BUNDLE", null)
-                        .addExtras(bundle)
-                        .build();
-                builder.addAction(action);
-                break;
-            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT:
-                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum R.I. (Remote Input)", null);
-                final RemoteInput remoteInput = new RemoteInput.Builder("RI")
-                    .addExtras(bundle)
-                    .build();
-                action = new Action.Builder(
-                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH REMOTE INPUT", pendingIntent)
-                        .addRemoteInput(remoteInput)
-                        .build();
-                builder.addAction(action);
-                break;
-            default:
-                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown notification type: " + notificationType);
-                return;
-        }
-
-        final Notification notification = builder.build();
-        ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
-            .notify(notificationId, notification);
-    }
-
-    private void showToast(Context context) {
-        Toast.makeText(context, "Toast from CTS test", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-        setResultData("Shown");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 301973e..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
-}
-
-android_app_certificate {
-    name: "cts-net-app",
-    certificate: "cts-net-app",
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
index ca95ed6..69d61b3 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
-import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.testing.DeviceSdkLevel;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
@@ -31,17 +29,11 @@
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.AfterClassWithInfo;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BaseHostJUnit4Test;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BeforeClassWithInfo;
-import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.DeviceTestRunOptions;
-import com.android.tradefed.util.RunUtil;
 
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
-import java.util.Map;
-
 @RunWith(DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
 abstract class HostsideNetworkTestCase extends BaseHostJUnit4Test {
-    protected static final boolean DEBUG = false;
-    protected static final String TAG = "HostsideNetworkTests";
     protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
     protected static final String TEST_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp.apk";
     protected static final String TEST_APK_NEXT = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext.apk";
@@ -103,67 +95,4 @@
             throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
         uninstallPackage(getTestInformation(), packageName, shouldSucceed);
     }
-
-    protected void assertPackageUninstalled(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException,
-            InterruptedException {
-        final String command = "cmd package list packages " + packageName;
-        final int max_tries = 5;
-        for (int i = 1; i <= max_tries; i++) {
-            final String result = runCommand(command);
-            if (result.trim().isEmpty()) {
-                return;
-            }
-            // 'list packages' filters by substring, so we need to iterate with the results
-            // and check one by one, otherwise 'com.android.cts.net.hostside' could return
-            // 'com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2'
-            boolean found = false;
-            for (String line : result.split("[\\r\\n]+")) {
-                if (line.endsWith(packageName)) {
-                    found = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!found) {
-                return;
-            }
-            i++;
-            Log.v(TAG, "Package " + packageName + " not uninstalled yet (" + result
-                    + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
-            RunUtil.getDefault().sleep(1000);
-        }
-        fail("Package '" + packageName + "' not uinstalled after " + max_tries + " seconds");
-    }
-
-    protected int getUid(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        final int currentUser = getDevice().getCurrentUser();
-        final String uidLines = runCommand(
-                "cmd package list packages -U --user " + currentUser + " " + packageName);
-        for (String uidLine : uidLines.split("\n")) {
-            if (uidLine.startsWith("package:" + packageName + " uid:")) {
-                final String[] uidLineParts = uidLine.split(":");
-                // 3rd entry is package uid
-                return Integer.parseInt(uidLineParts[2].trim());
-            }
-        }
-        throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to find the test app on the device; pkg="
-                + packageName + ", u=" + currentUser);
-    }
-
-    protected boolean runDeviceTestsWithArgs(String packageName, String className,
-            String methodName, Map<String, String> args) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        final DeviceTestRunOptions deviceTestRunOptions = new DeviceTestRunOptions(packageName)
-                .setTestClassName(className)
-                .setTestMethodName(methodName);
-        for (Map.Entry<String, String> arg : args.entrySet()) {
-            deviceTestRunOptions.addInstrumentationArg(arg.getKey(), arg.getValue());
-        }
-        return runDeviceTests(deviceTestRunOptions);
-    }
-
-    protected String runCommand(String command) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        Log.d(TAG, "Command: '" + command + "'");
-        final String output = getDevice().executeShellCommand(command);
-        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Output: " + output.trim());
-        return output;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
index c883b78..258648f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
@@ -64,9 +64,7 @@
     fun hasTelephonyFeature() = pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)
 
     @Rpc(description = "Check whether the device supporters AP + STA concurrency.")
-    fun isStaApConcurrencySupported() {
-        wifiManager.isStaApConcurrencySupported()
-    }
+    fun isStaApConcurrencySupported() = wifiManager.isStaApConcurrencySupported()
 
     @Rpc(description = "Request cellular connection and ensure it is the default network.")
     fun requestCellularAndEnsureDefault() {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
index 074c587..768ba12 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
     ],
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules-shared.txt",
     static_libs: [
+        "ApfGeneratorLib",
         "bouncycastle-unbundled",
         "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
         "core-tests-support",
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
index 5c02b0d..e2fdd3d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
@@ -27,35 +27,32 @@
 
 using namespace android::bpf;
 
-void doBpfStructSizeTest(const char *elfPath) {
+void doBpfStructSizeTest(const char *elfPath, unsigned mapSz, unsigned progSz) {
   std::ifstream elfFile(elfPath, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elfFile.is_open());
 
-  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(120, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(92, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
-  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(116, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(92, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
-  } else {
-    EXPECT_EQ(48, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
-    EXPECT_EQ(28, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(BpfTest, bpfStructSizeTestPreT) {
-  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) GTEST_SKIP() << "T+ device.";
-  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/netd.o");
-  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/clatd.o");
+  EXPECT_EQ(mapSz, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(progSz, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
 }
 
 TEST(BpfTest, bpfStructSizeTest) {
-  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) {
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpuMem.o");
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/timeInState.o");
+  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
+    // Due to V+ using mainline netbpfload, there is no longer a need to
+    // enforce consistency between platform and mainline bpf .o files.
+    GTEST_SKIP() << "V+ device.";
+  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) {
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpuMem.o", 120, 92);
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/timeInState.o", 120, 92);
+  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) {
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpu_mem.o", 116, 92);
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/time_in_state.o", 116, 92);
+  } else if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastS()) {
+    // These files were moved to mainline in Android T
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/netd.o", 48, 28);
+    doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/clatd.o", 48, 28);
   } else {
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpu_mem.o");
-      doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/time_in_state.o");
+    // There is no mainline bpf code before S.
+    GTEST_SKIP() << "R- device.";
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
index b91dee8..a679498 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -13,46 +13,136 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+// ktlint does not allow annotating function argument literals inline. Disable the specific rule
+// since this negatively affects readability.
+@file:Suppress("ktlint:standard:comment-wrapping")
+
 package android.net.cts
 
 import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.Network
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.apf.ApfCapabilities
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfV4Generator
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.MemorySlot
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.Register.R0
+import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.Register.R1
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.PowerManager
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY
+import android.system.Os
 import android.system.OsConstants
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
+import android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getVsrApiLevel
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow
+import com.android.internal.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
+import com.google.common.truth.Expect
 import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage
 import com.google.common.truth.TruthJUnit.assume
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+import java.lang.Thread
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
+import kotlin.random.Random
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.AfterClass
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.BeforeClass
+import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
+private const val TAG = "ApfIntegrationTest"
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
 private const val APF_NEW_RA_FILTER_VERSION = "apf_new_ra_filter_version"
+private const val POLLING_INTERVAL_MS: Int = 100
+private const val RCV_BUFFER_SIZE = 1480
+private const val PING_HEADER_LENGTH = 8
 
 @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@RequiresDevice
 @NetworkStackModuleTest
+// ByteArray.toHexString is experimental API
+@kotlin.ExperimentalStdlibApi
 class ApfIntegrationTest {
     companion object {
+        private val PING_DESTINATION = InetSocketAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888", 0)
+
+        private val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+        private val powerManager = context.getSystemService(PowerManager::class.java)!!
+        private val wakeLock = powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG)
+
+        fun pollingCheck(condition: () -> Boolean, timeout_ms: Int): Boolean {
+            var polling_time = 0
+            do {
+                Thread.sleep(POLLING_INTERVAL_MS.toLong())
+                polling_time += POLLING_INTERVAL_MS
+                if (condition()) return true
+            } while (polling_time < timeout_ms)
+            return false
+        }
+
+        fun turnScreenOff() {
+            if (!wakeLock.isHeld()) wakeLock.acquire()
+            runShellCommandOrThrow("input keyevent KEYCODE_SLEEP")
+            val result = pollingCheck({ !powerManager.isInteractive() }, timeout_ms = 2000)
+            assertThat(result).isTrue()
+        }
+
+        fun turnScreenOn() {
+            if (wakeLock.isHeld()) wakeLock.release()
+            runShellCommandOrThrow("input keyevent KEYCODE_WAKEUP")
+            val result = pollingCheck({ powerManager.isInteractive() }, timeout_ms = 2000)
+            assertThat(result).isTrue()
+        }
+
         @BeforeClass
         @JvmStatic
+        @Suppress("ktlint:standard:no-multi-spaces")
         fun setupOnce() {
+            // TODO: assertions thrown in @BeforeClass / @AfterClass are not well supported in the
+            // test infrastructure. Consider saving excepion and throwing it in setUp().
+            // APF must run when the screen is off and the device is not interactive.
+            turnScreenOff()
+            // Wait for APF to become active.
+            Thread.sleep(1000)
             // TODO: check that there is no active wifi network. Otherwise, ApfFilter has already been
             // created.
             // APF adb cmds are only implemented in ApfFilter.java. Enable experiment to prevent
@@ -66,14 +156,96 @@
                 )
             }
         }
+
+        @AfterClass
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun tearDownOnce() {
+            turnScreenOn()
+        }
     }
 
-    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    class Icmp6PacketReader(
+            handler: Handler,
+            private val network: Network
+    ) : PacketReader(handler, RCV_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        private var sockFd: FileDescriptor? = null
+        private var futureReply: CompletableFuture<ByteArray>? = null
+
+        override fun createFd(): FileDescriptor {
+            // sockFd is closed by calling super.stop()
+            val sock = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)
+            // APF runs only on WiFi, so make sure the socket is bound to the right network.
+            network.bindSocket(sock)
+            sockFd = sock
+            return sock
+        }
+
+        override fun handlePacket(recvbuf: ByteArray, length: Int) {
+            // If zero-length or Type is not echo reply: ignore.
+            if (length == 0 || recvbuf[0] != 0x81.toByte()) {
+                return
+            }
+            // Only copy the ping data and complete the future.
+            val result = recvbuf.sliceArray(8..<length)
+            Log.i(TAG, "Received ping reply: ${result.toHexString()}")
+            futureReply!!.complete(recvbuf.sliceArray(8..<length))
+        }
+
+        fun sendPing(data: ByteArray) {
+            require(data.size == 56)
+
+            // rfc4443#section-4.1: Echo Request Message
+            //   0                   1                   2                   3
+            //   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            //  |     Type      |     Code      |          Checksum             |
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            //  |           Identifier          |        Sequence Number        |
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            //  |     Data ...
+            //  +-+-+-+-+-
+            val icmp6Header = byteArrayOf(0x80.toByte(), 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
+            val packet = icmp6Header + data
+            Log.i(TAG, "Sent ping: ${packet.toHexString()}")
+            futureReply = CompletableFuture<ByteArray>()
+            Os.sendto(sockFd!!, packet, 0, packet.size, 0, PING_DESTINATION)
+        }
+
+        fun expectPingReply(): ByteArray {
+            return futureReply!!.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+        }
+
+        fun expectPingDropped() {
+            assertFailsWith(TimeoutException::class) {
+                futureReply!!.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun start(): Boolean {
+            // Ignore the fact start() could return false or throw an exception.
+            handler.post({ super.start() })
+            handler.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            return true
+        }
+
+        override fun stop() {
+            handler.post({ super.stop() })
+            handler.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @get:Rule val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+    @get:Rule val expect = Expect.create()
+
     private val cm by lazy { context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!! }
     private val pm by lazy { context.packageManager }
+    private lateinit var network: Network
     private lateinit var ifname: String
     private lateinit var networkCallback: TestableNetworkCallback
     private lateinit var caps: ApfCapabilities
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread("$TAG handler thread").apply { start() }
+    private val handler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
+    private lateinit var packetReader: Icmp6PacketReader
 
     fun getApfCapabilities(): ApfCapabilities {
         val caps = runShellCommand("cmd network_stack apf $ifname capabilities").trim()
@@ -87,6 +259,7 @@
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         assume().that(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)).isTrue()
+
         networkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
         cm.requestNetwork(
                 NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -95,6 +268,7 @@
                         .build(),
                 networkCallback
         )
+        network = networkCallback.expect<Available>().network
         networkCallback.eventuallyExpect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(TIMEOUT_MS) {
             ifname = assertNotNull(it.lp.interfaceName)
             true
@@ -104,16 +278,25 @@
         // respective VSR releases and all other tests are based on the capabilities indicated.
         runShellCommand("cmd network_stack apf $ifname pause")
         caps = getApfCapabilities()
+
+        packetReader = Icmp6PacketReader(handler, network)
+        packetReader.start()
     }
 
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
-        if (::networkCallback.isInitialized) {
-            cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
+        if (::packetReader.isInitialized) {
+            packetReader.stop()
         }
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+
         if (::ifname.isInitialized) {
             runShellCommand("cmd network_stack apf $ifname resume")
         }
+        if (::networkCallback.isInitialized) {
+            cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback)
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -130,18 +313,159 @@
         // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-004] MUST indicate at least 1024 bytes of usable memory from calls to
         //   the getApfPacketFilterCapabilities HAL method.
         // TODO: check whether above text should be changed "34 or higher"
-        // This should assert apfVersionSupported >= 4 as per the VSR requirements, but there are
-        // currently no tests for APFv6 and there cannot be a valid implementation as the
-        // interpreter has yet to be finalized.
-        assertThat(caps.apfVersionSupported).isEqualTo(4)
+        assertThat(caps.apfVersionSupported).isAtLeast(4)
         assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(1024)
 
+        if (caps.apfVersionSupported > 4) {
+            assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(2048)
+            assertThat(caps.apfVersionSupported).isEqualTo(6000)  // v6.0000
+        }
+
         // DEVICEs launching with Android 15 (AOSP experimental) or higher with CHIPSETs that set
         // ro.board.first_api_level or ro.board.api_level to 202404 or higher:
-        // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-009] MUST indicate at least 2000 bytes of usable memory from calls to
+        // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-009] MUST indicate at least 2048 bytes of usable memory from calls to
         //   the getApfPacketFilterCapabilities HAL method.
         if (getVsrApiLevel() >= 202404) {
-            assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(2000)
+            assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(2048)
         }
     }
+
+    // APF is backwards compatible, i.e. a v6 interpreter supports both v2 and v4 functionality.
+    fun assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(version: Int) {
+        assume().that(caps.apfVersionSupported).isAtLeast(version)
+    }
+
+    fun installProgram(bytes: ByteArray) {
+        val prog = bytes.toHexString()
+        val result = runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd network_stack apf $ifname install $prog").trim()
+        // runShellCommandOrThrow only throws on S+.
+        assertThat(result).isEqualTo("success")
+    }
+
+    fun readProgram(): ByteArray {
+        val progHexString = runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd network_stack apf $ifname read").trim()
+        // runShellCommandOrThrow only throws on S+.
+        assertThat(progHexString).isNotEmpty()
+        return HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(progHexString)
+    }
+
+    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "This test takes longer than 1 minute, do not run it on presubmit.")
+    // APF integration is mostly broken before V, only run the full read / write test on V+.
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testReadWriteProgram() {
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+
+        // Only test down to 2 bytes. The first byte always stays PASS.
+        val program = ByteArray(caps.maximumApfProgramSize)
+        for (i in caps.maximumApfProgramSize downTo 2) {
+            // Randomize bytes in range [1, i). And install first [0, i) bytes of program.
+            // Note that only the very first instruction (PASS) is valid APF bytecode.
+            Random.nextBytes(program, 1 /* fromIndex */, i /* toIndex */)
+            installProgram(program.sliceArray(0..<i))
+
+            // Compare entire memory region.
+            val readResult = readProgram()
+            assertWithMessage("read/write $i byte prog failed").that(readResult).isEqualTo(program)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun ApfV4Generator.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply() {
+        // If not IPv6 -> PASS
+        addLoad16(R0, ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET)
+        addJumpIfR0NotEquals(ETH_P_IPV6.toLong(), BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 -> PASS
+        addLoad8(R0, IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET)
+        addJumpIfR0NotEquals(IPPROTO_ICMPV6.toLong(), BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+
+        // If not echo reply -> PASS
+        addLoad8(R0, ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET)
+        addJumpIfR0NotEquals(0x81, BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+    }
+
+    // APF integration is mostly broken before V
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testDropPingReply() {
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+
+        // clear any active APF filter
+        var gen = ApfV4Generator(4).addPass()
+        installProgram(gen.generate())
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        // Assert that initial ping does not get filtered.
+        val data = ByteArray(56).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        packetReader.sendPing(data)
+        assertThat(packetReader.expectPingReply()).isEqualTo(data)
+
+        // Generate an APF program that drops the next ping
+        gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
+        gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
+
+        // if not data matches -> PASS
+        gen.addLoadImmediate(R0, ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET + PING_HEADER_LENGTH)
+        gen.addJumpIfBytesAtR0NotEqual(data, BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
+
+        // else DROP
+        gen.addJump(BaseApfGenerator.DROP_LABEL)
+
+        val program = gen.generate()
+        installProgram(program)
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        packetReader.sendPing(data)
+        packetReader.expectPingDropped()
+    }
+
+    fun clearApfMemory() = installProgram(ByteArray(caps.maximumApfProgramSize))
+
+    // APF integration is mostly broken before V
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testPrefilledMemorySlotsV4() {
+        // Test v4 memory slots on both v4 and v6 interpreters.
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+        clearApfMemory()
+        val gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
+        gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
+
+        // Store all prefilled memory slots in counter region [500, 520)
+        val counterRegion = 500
+        gen.addLoadImmediate(R1, counterRegion)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.PROGRAM_SIZE)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 0)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.RAM_LEN)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 4)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.IPV4_HEADER_SIZE)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 8)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.PACKET_SIZE)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 12)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.FILTER_AGE_SECONDS)
+        gen.addStoreData(R0, 16)
+
+        val program = gen.generate()
+        assertThat(program.size).isLessThan(counterRegion)
+        installProgram(program)
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        // Trigger the program by sending a ping and waiting on the reply.
+        val data = ByteArray(56).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        packetReader.sendPing(data)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        val readResult = readProgram()
+        val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(readResult, counterRegion, 20 /* length */)
+        expect.withMessage("PROGRAM_SIZE").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(program.size)
+        expect.withMessage("RAM_LEN").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(caps.maximumApfProgramSize)
+        expect.withMessage("IPV4_HEADER_SIZE").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(0)
+        // Ping packet (64) + IPv6 header (40) + ethernet header (14)
+        expect.withMessage("PACKET_SIZE").that(buffer.getInt()).isEqualTo(64 + 40 + 14)
+        expect.withMessage("FILTER_AGE_SECONDS").that(buffer.getInt()).isLessThan(5)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 4d465ba..5ed4696 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
@@ -81,7 +83,6 @@
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.HTTP_PORT;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TEST_HOST;
-import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback;
 import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -333,8 +335,6 @@
     private final ArraySet<Integer> mNetworkTypes = new ArraySet<>();
     private UiAutomation mUiAutomation;
     private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
-    // The registered callbacks.
-    private List<NetworkCallback> mRegisteredCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
     // Used for cleanup purposes.
     private final List<Range<Integer>> mVpnRequiredUidRanges = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -425,15 +425,12 @@
         // All tests in this class require a working Internet connection as they start. Make
         // sure there is still one as they end that's ready to use for the next test to use.
         mTestValidationConfigRule.runAfterNextCleanup(() -> {
-            final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
-            try {
-                assertNotNull("Couldn't restore Internet connectivity",
-                        callback.waitForAvailable());
-            } finally {
-                // Unregister all registered callbacks.
-                unregisterRegisteredCallbacks();
-            }
+            // mTestValidationConfigRule has higher order than networkCallbackRule, so
+            // networkCallbackRule is the outer rule and will be cleaned up after this method.
+            final TestableNetworkCallback callback =
+                    networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
+            assertNotNull("Couldn't restore Internet connectivity",
+                    callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE));
         });
     }
 
@@ -993,10 +990,10 @@
         // default network.
         return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .clearCapabilities()
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .build();
     }
 
@@ -1027,10 +1024,10 @@
         final String invalidPrivateDnsServer = "invalidhostname.example.com";
         final String goodPrivateDnsServer = "dns.google";
         mCtsNetUtils.storePrivateDnsSetting();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback cb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
-        registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback cb =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest);
         final Network networkForPrivateDns = mCm.getActiveNetwork();
         try {
             // Verifying the good private DNS sever
@@ -1068,24 +1065,27 @@
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
 
         // We will register for a WIFI network being available or lost.
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(
+                makeWifiNetworkRequest());
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultTrackingCallback);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCallback =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        final TestNetworkCallback perUidCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        final TestNetworkCallback bestMatchingCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback perUidCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback bestMatchingCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
             assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
-                    registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h));
+                    networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+                            systemDefaultCallback, h));
             runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
-                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h);
-                registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.myUid(), perUidCallback, h);
+                networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h);
+                networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.myUid(),
+                        perUidCallback, h);
             }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-            registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(makeDefaultRequest(), bestMatchingCallback, h);
+            networkCallbackRule.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+                    makeDefaultRequest(), bestMatchingCallback, h);
         }
 
         Network wifiNetwork = null;
@@ -1094,24 +1094,22 @@
         // Now we should expect to get a network callback about availability of the wifi
         // network even if it was already connected as a state-based action when the callback
         // is registered.
-        wifiNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
+        wifiNetwork = callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
         assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable for TRANSPORT_WIFI request",
                 wifiNetwork);
 
-        final Network defaultNetwork = defaultTrackingCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        final Network defaultNetwork = defaultTrackingCallback.eventuallyExpect(
+                CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
         assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on default network callback",
                 defaultNetwork);
 
         if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
-            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on system default network callback",
-                    systemDefaultCallback.waitForAvailable());
-            final Network perUidNetwork = perUidCallback.waitForAvailable();
-            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on per-UID default network callback",
-                    perUidNetwork);
+            systemDefaultCallback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE);
+            final Network perUidNetwork = perUidCallback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE)
+                    .getNetwork();
             assertEquals(defaultNetwork, perUidNetwork);
-            final Network bestMatchingNetwork = bestMatchingCallback.waitForAvailable();
-            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on best matching network callback",
-                    bestMatchingNetwork);
+            final Network bestMatchingNetwork = bestMatchingCallback.eventuallyExpect(
+                    CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
             assertEquals(defaultNetwork, bestMatchingNetwork);
         }
     }
@@ -1123,8 +1121,8 @@
         final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         // Verify registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback can be accessed via
         // CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission.
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
-                        registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(new TestNetworkCallback(), h),
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(h),
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
     }
 
@@ -1294,15 +1292,14 @@
      */
     @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
     @Test
-    public void testRequestNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-                .build(), callback);
+    public void testRequestNetworkCallback() {
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(
+                                NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                        .build());
 
         // Wait to get callback for availability of internet
-        Network internetNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
-        assertNotNull("Did not receive NetworkCallback#onAvailable for INTERNET", internetNetwork);
+        callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1320,16 +1317,13 @@
             }
         }
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
-                callback, 100);
 
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
+                100 /* timeoutMs */);
         try {
             // Wait to get callback for unavailability of requested network
-            assertTrue("Did not receive NetworkCallback#onUnavailable",
-                    callback.waitForUnavailable());
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            fail("NetworkCallback wait was interrupted.");
+            callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.UNAVAILABLE, 2_000 /* timeoutMs */);
         } finally {
             if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
                 mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
@@ -1416,40 +1410,48 @@
             final boolean useSystemDefault)
             throws Exception {
         final CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
-        final NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
-            @Override
-            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-                if (!nc.hasTransport(targetTransportType)) return;
 
-                final boolean metered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
-                final boolean validated = nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
-                if (metered == requestedMeteredness && (!waitForValidation || validated)) {
-                    networkFuture.complete(network);
+        // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
+        // with the current setting. Therefore, if the setting has already been changed,
+        // this method will return right away, and if not, it'll wait for the setting to change.
+        final TestableNetworkCallback networkCallback;
+        if (useSystemDefault) {
+            networkCallback = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                if (isAtLeastS()) {
+                    return networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+                            new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()));
+                } else {
+                    // registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback is only supported on S+.
+                    return networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                            new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                                    .clearCapabilities()
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                                    .build(),
+                            new TestableNetworkCallback(),
+                            new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()));
                 }
-            }
-        };
-
-        try {
-            // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
-            // with the current setting. Therefore, if the setting has already been changed,
-            // this method will return right away, and if not, it'll wait for the setting to change.
-            if (useSystemDefault) {
-                runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
-                                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback,
-                                        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())),
-                        NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-            } else {
-                registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
-            }
-
-            // Changing meteredness on wifi involves reconnecting, which can take several seconds
-            // (involves re-associating, DHCP...).
-            return networkFuture.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-            throw new AssertionError("Timed out waiting for active network metered status to "
-                    + "change to " + requestedMeteredness + " ; network = "
-                    + mCm.getActiveNetwork(), e);
+            },
+            NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        } else {
+            networkCallback = networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
         }
+
+        return networkCallback.eventuallyExpect(
+                CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                // Changing meteredness on wifi involves reconnecting, which can take several
+                // seconds (involves re-associating, DHCP...).
+                NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                cb -> {
+                    final NetworkCapabilities nc = cb.getCaps();
+                    if (!nc.hasTransport(targetTransportType)) return false;
+
+                    final boolean metered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                    final boolean validated = nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+                    return metered == requestedMeteredness && (!waitForValidation || validated);
+                }).getNetwork();
     }
 
     private Network setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(String ssid, boolean isMetered,
@@ -2091,15 +2093,15 @@
     }
 
     private void verifyBindSocketToRestrictedNetworkDisallowed() throws Exception {
-        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> requestNetwork(testRequest, testNetworkCb),
+        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(testRequest),
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
                 // CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL is for requesting restricted network because shell does not
                 // have CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS on R.
@@ -2115,7 +2117,7 @@
                     NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                     entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
                             && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
-                            .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
             // CtsNetTestCases package doesn't hold CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, so it
             // does not allow to bind socket to restricted network.
             assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> network.bindSocket(socket));
@@ -2238,7 +2240,7 @@
 
     private void registerCallbackAndWaitForAvailable(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
             @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb) {
-        registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
+        networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
         waitForAvailable(cb);
     }
 
@@ -2346,21 +2348,13 @@
 
     private void verifySsidFromCallbackNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull String ssid, boolean hasSsid)
             throws Exception {
-        final CompletableFuture<NetworkCapabilities> foundNc = new CompletableFuture();
-        final NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
-            @Override
-            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-                foundNc.complete(nc);
-            }
-        };
-
-        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest());
         // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
         // because WiFi network should be connected.
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc =
-                foundNc.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = callback.eventuallyExpect(
+                CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS).getCaps();
         // Verify if ssid is contained in the NetworkCapabilities received from callback.
-        assertNotNull("NetworkCapabilities of the network is null", nc);
         assertEquals(hasSsid, Pattern.compile(ssid).matcher(nc.toString()).find());
     }
 
@@ -2389,8 +2383,8 @@
         final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
                 // Test networks do not have NOT_VPN or TRUSTED capabilities by default
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         testNetworkInterface.getInterfaceName()))
                 .build();
@@ -2399,14 +2393,15 @@
         final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler));
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler));
 
         Network testNetwork = null;
         try {
             // Request background test network via Shell identity which has NETWORK_SETTINGS
             // permission granted.
             runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
-                    () -> requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler),
+                    () -> networkCallbackRule.requestBackgroundNetwork(
+                            testRequest, callback, handler),
                     new String[] { android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS });
 
             // Register the test network agent which has no foreground request associated to it.
@@ -2499,9 +2494,10 @@
         final int otherUid = UserHandle.getUid(5, Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
         final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
 
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(myUidCallback, handler);
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
-                otherUid, otherUidCallback, handler), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(myUidCallback, handler);
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
+                        otherUid, otherUidCallback, handler), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
 
         final Network defaultNetwork = myUidCallback.expect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE).getNetwork();
         final List<DetailedBlockedStatusCallback> allCallbacks =
@@ -2557,14 +2553,14 @@
         assertNotNull(info);
         assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTED, info.getDetailedState());
 
-        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback;
         try {
             mCmShim.setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(true);
 
             // setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled is asynchronous and only takes effect when the
             // ConnectivityService handler thread processes it. Ensure it has taken effect by doing
             // something that blocks until the handler thread is idle.
-            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+            callback = networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
             waitForAvailable(callback);
 
             // Test one of the effects of setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled: the fact that any NetworkInfo
@@ -2831,9 +2827,9 @@
     private void registerTestOemNetworkPreferenceCallbacks(
             @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCallback,
             @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback) {
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
         runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
-                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback,
+                networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
     }
 
@@ -2949,18 +2945,18 @@
                         + " unless device supports WiFi",
                 mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
         try {
             // Wait for partial connectivity to be detected on the network
             final Network network = preparePartialConnectivity();
 
-            requestNetwork(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), cb);
+            final TestableNetworkCallback cb = networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                    makeWifiNetworkRequest());
             runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
                 // The always bit is verified in NetworkAgentTest
                 mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(network, false /* accept */, false /* always */);
             });
             // Reject partial connectivity network should cause the network being torn down
-            assertEquals(network, cb.waitForLost());
+            assertEquals(network, cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.LOST).getNetwork());
         } finally {
             mHttpServer.stop();
             // Wifi will not automatically reconnect to the network. ensureWifiDisconnected cannot
@@ -2988,7 +2984,6 @@
         assumeTrue("testAcceptPartialConnectivity_validatedNetwork cannot execute"
                         + " unless device supports WiFi and telephony", canRunTest);
 
-        final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         try {
             // Ensure at least one default network candidate connected.
             networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
@@ -2998,7 +2993,8 @@
             // guarantee that it won't become the default in the future.
             assertNotEquals(wifiNetwork, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
-            registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
+            final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(
+                    makeWifiNetworkRequest());
             runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
                 mCm.setAcceptUnvalidated(wifiNetwork, false /* accept */, false /* always */);
             });
@@ -3025,8 +3021,6 @@
         assumeTrue("testSetAvoidUnvalidated cannot execute"
                 + " unless device supports WiFi and telephony", canRunTest);
 
-        final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final int previousAvoidBadWifi =
                 ConnectivitySettingsManager.getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext);
 
@@ -3036,8 +3030,10 @@
             final Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
             final Network wifiNetwork = prepareValidatedNetwork();
 
-            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCb);
-            registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
+            final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCb =
+                    networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
+            final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(
+                    makeWifiNetworkRequest());
 
             // Verify wifi is the default network.
             defaultCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
@@ -3100,20 +3096,11 @@
         });
     }
 
-    private Network expectNetworkHasCapability(Network network, int expectedNetCap, long timeout)
-            throws Exception {
-        final CompletableFuture<Network> future = new CompletableFuture();
-        final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback() {
-            @Override
-            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network n, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-                if (n.equals(network) && nc.hasCapability(expectedNetCap)) {
-                    future.complete(network);
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), cb);
-        return future.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    private Network expectNetworkHasCapability(Network network, int expectedNetCap, long timeout) {
+        return networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build())
+                .eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, timeout,
+                        cb -> cb.getNetwork().equals(network)
+                                && cb.getCaps().hasCapability(expectedNetCap)).getNetwork();
     }
 
     private void prepareHttpServer() throws Exception {
@@ -3265,12 +3252,13 @@
         // For testing mobile data preferred uids feature, it needs both wifi and cell network.
         final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
         final Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
-        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
-                systemDefaultCb, h), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultTrackingCb);
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCb = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(h),
+                NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCb =
+                networkCallbackRule.registerDefaultNetworkCallback();
 
         try {
             // CtsNetTestCases uid is not listed in MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting, so the
@@ -3339,7 +3327,7 @@
         // Create test network agent with restricted network.
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
@@ -3373,23 +3361,23 @@
                 mContext, originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
 
         // File a restricted network request with permission first to hold the connection.
-        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
-        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> requestNetwork(testRequest, testNetworkCb),
+        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(testRequest),
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
 
         // File another restricted network request without permission.
         final TestableNetworkCallback restrictedNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest restrictedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
                         TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
                 .build();
@@ -3406,7 +3394,7 @@
                     NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                     entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
                             && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
-                            .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
             // CtsNetTestCases package doesn't hold CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, so it
             // does not allow to bind socket to restricted network.
             assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> network.bindSocket(socket));
@@ -3424,13 +3412,13 @@
 
             if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
                 // Uid is in allowed list. Try file network request again.
-                requestNetwork(restrictedRequest, restrictedNetworkCb);
+                networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(restrictedRequest, restrictedNetworkCb);
                 // Verify that the network is restricted.
                 restrictedNetworkCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
                         NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                         entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
                                 && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
-                                .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+                                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
             }
         } finally {
             agent.unregister();
@@ -3569,6 +3557,8 @@
         doTestFirewallBlocking(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, ALLOWLIST);
     }
 
+    // Disable test - needs to be fixed
+    @Ignore
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) @ConnectivityModuleTest
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testFirewallBlockingBackground() {
@@ -3728,58 +3718,4 @@
         // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
     }
-
-    private void unregisterRegisteredCallbacks() {
-        for (NetworkCallback callback: mRegisteredCallbacks) {
-            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback) {
-        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
-        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback) {
-        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
-        mCmShim.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(int uid, NetworkCallback callback,
-            Handler handler) throws Exception {
-        mCmShim.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(uid, callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback) {
-        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback, int timeoutSec) {
-        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback, timeoutSec);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest request,
-            NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
-        mCm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
-
-    private void requestBackgroundNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback,
-            Handler handler) throws Exception {
-        mCmShim.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, callback, handler);
-        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index d052551..6fa2812 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -905,13 +905,17 @@
         val iface = createInterface()
         val listener = EthernetStateListener()
         addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+        // Uses eventuallyExpect to account for interfaces that could already exist on device
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        disableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        enableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
         listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
 
         disableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
         listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
-
-        enableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
-        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
index a40ed0f..b5f43d3 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -69,9 +69,11 @@
 import android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex;
 import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformState;
 import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit;
@@ -100,7 +103,11 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 public class IpSecManagerTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
@@ -444,6 +451,11 @@
             long uidTxDelta = 0;
             long uidRxDelta = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                // Clear TrafficStats cache is needed to avoid rate-limit caching for
+                // TrafficStats API results on V+ devices.
+                if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                    runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches());
+                }
                 uidTxDelta = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Os.getuid()) - uidTxPackets;
                 uidRxDelta = TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(Os.getuid()) - uidRxPackets;
 
@@ -518,6 +530,11 @@
         }
 
         private static void initStatsChecker() throws Exception {
+            // Clear TrafficStats cache is needed to avoid rate-limit caching for
+            // TrafficStats API results on V+ devices.
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches());
+            }
             uidTxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(Os.getuid());
             uidRxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(Os.getuid());
             uidTxPackets = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Os.getuid());
@@ -1642,4 +1659,37 @@
                     newReplayBitmap(expectedPacketCount));
         }
     }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestIpSecTransformStateOnClosedTransform() throws Exception {
+        assumeRequestIpSecTransformStateSupported();
+
+        final InetAddress localAddr = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(IPV6_LOOPBACK);
+        final CompletableFuture<RuntimeException> futureError = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        try (SecurityParameterIndex spi = mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localAddr);
+                IpSecTransform transform =
+                        buildTransportModeTransform(spi, localAddr, null /* encapSocket*/)) {
+            transform.close();
+
+            transform.requestIpSecTransformState(
+                    Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
+                    new OutcomeReceiver<IpSecTransformState, RuntimeException>() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onResult(IpSecTransformState state) {
+                            fail("Expect to fail but received a state");
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void onError(RuntimeException error) {
+                            futureError.complete(error);
+                        }
+                    });
+
+            assertTrue(
+                    futureError.get(SOCK_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                            instanceof IllegalStateException);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
index 5ba6c4c..93cec9c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
@@ -287,6 +287,12 @@
 ): TestDnsPacket? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isQueryFor(recordName, *requiredTypes) }
 
 fun TapPacketReader.pollForReply(
+    recordName: String,
+    type: Int,
+    timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
+): TestDnsPacket? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isReplyFor(recordName, type) }
+
+fun TapPacketReader.pollForReply(
     serviceName: String,
     serviceType: String,
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
index 73f65e0..06a827b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
@@ -265,6 +265,14 @@
      * Get all testable Networks with internet capability.
      */
     private Set<Network> getTestableNetworks() throws InterruptedException {
+        // Calling requestNetwork() to request a cell or Wi-Fi network via CtsNetUtils or
+        // NetworkCallbackRule requires the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission. This permission cannot
+        // be granted to instant apps. Therefore, return currently available testable networks
+        // directly in instant mode.
+        if (mContext.getApplicationInfo().isInstantApp()) {
+            return new ArraySet<>(mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks());
+        }
+
         // Obtain cell and Wi-Fi through CtsNetUtils (which uses NetworkCallbacks), as they may have
         // just been reconnected by the test using NetworkCallbacks, so synchronous calls may not
         // yet return them (synchronous calls and callbacks should not be mixed for a given
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
index 6ec4e62..5b53839 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -511,7 +512,7 @@
         assertArrayEquals(netCapabilities, nr.getCapabilities());
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) @Ignore("b/338200742")
     public void testDefaultCapabilities() {
         final NetworkRequest defaultNR = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
         assertTrue(defaultNR.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK));
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index 6dd4857..6394599 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastU
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket.ANSECTION
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.hexStringToByteArray
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.assertContainsExactly
 import com.android.testutils.assertEmpty
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk30
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk33
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@
 import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
 
 private const val TAG = "NsdManagerTest"
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
@@ -138,6 +142,9 @@
 private const val DBG = false
 private const val TEST_PORT = 12345
 private const val MDNS_PORT = 5353.toShort()
+private const val TYPE_KEY = 25
+private const val QCLASS_INTERNET = 0x0001
+private const val NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS: Long = 120
 private val multicastIpv6Addr = parseNumericAddress("ff02::fb") as Inet6Address
 private val testSrcAddr = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123") as Inet6Address
 
@@ -167,6 +174,12 @@
     private val serviceType2 = "_nmt%09d._tcp".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
     private val customHostname = "NsdTestHost%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
     private val customHostname2 = "NsdTestHost%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
+    private val publicKey = hexStringToByteArray(
+            "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                    + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                    + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                    + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                    + "270962d3")
     private val handlerThread = HandlerThread(NsdManagerTest::class.java.simpleName)
     private val ctsNetUtils by lazy{ CtsNetUtils(context) }
 
@@ -1451,10 +1464,8 @@
         handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
 
         tryTest {
-            repeat(3) {
-                assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
-                        "Expect 3 announcements sent after initial probing")
-            }
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
+                "No announcements sent after initial probing")
 
             assertEquals(si.serviceName, registeredService.serviceName)
             assertEquals(si.hostname, registeredService.hostname)
@@ -2027,7 +2038,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testAdvertisingAndDiscovery_multipleRegistrationsForSameCustomHost_unionOfAddressesFound() {
+    fun testAdvertisingAndDiscovery_multipleRegistrationsForSameCustomHost_hostRenamed() {
         val hostAddresses1 = listOf(
                 parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
                 parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
@@ -2035,9 +2046,6 @@
         val hostAddresses2 = listOf(
                 parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.24"),
                 parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
-        val hostAddresses3 = listOf(
-                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"),
-                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::5"))
         val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
             it.network = testNetwork1.network
             it.hostname = customHostname
@@ -2051,18 +2059,9 @@
             it.hostname = customHostname
             it.hostAddresses = hostAddresses2
         }
-        val si3 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
-            it.network = testNetwork1.network
-            it.serviceName = serviceName3
-            it.serviceType = serviceType
-            it.port = TEST_PORT + 1
-            it.hostname = customHostname
-            it.hostAddresses = hostAddresses3
-        }
 
         val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
-        val registrationRecord3 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
 
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
         tryTest {
@@ -2072,27 +2071,13 @@
             nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
                     testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
 
-            val discoveredInfo1 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+            val discoveredInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
                     serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
-            val resolvedInfo1 = resolveService(discoveredInfo1)
+            val resolvedInfo = resolveService(discoveredInfo)
 
-            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo1.port)
-            assertEquals(si1.hostname, resolvedInfo1.hostname)
-            assertAddressEquals(
-                    hostAddresses1 + hostAddresses2,
-                    resolvedInfo1.hostAddresses)
-
-            registerService(registrationRecord3, si3)
-
-            val discoveredInfo2 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
-                    serviceName3, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
-            val resolvedInfo2 = resolveService(discoveredInfo2)
-
-            assertEquals(TEST_PORT + 1, resolvedInfo2.port)
-            assertEquals(si2.hostname, resolvedInfo2.hostname)
-            assertAddressEquals(
-                    hostAddresses1 + hostAddresses2 + hostAddresses3,
-                    resolvedInfo2.hostAddresses)
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo.port)
+            assertNotEquals(si1.hostname, resolvedInfo.hostname)
+            assertAddressEquals(hostAddresses2, resolvedInfo.hostAddresses)
         } cleanupStep {
             nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
 
@@ -2100,7 +2085,6 @@
         } cleanup {
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
-            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord3)
         }
     }
 
@@ -2266,6 +2250,165 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testAdvertising_registerServiceAndPublicKey_keyAnnounced() {
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+            val announcement = packetReader.pollForReply(
+                "$serviceName.$serviceType.local",
+                TYPE_KEY
+            )
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            val keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(1, keyRecords.size)
+            val actualRecord = keyRecords.get(0)
+            assertEquals(TYPE_KEY, actualRecord.nsType)
+            assertEquals("$serviceName.$serviceType.local", actualRecord.dName)
+            assertEquals(NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS, actualRecord.ttl)
+            assertArrayEquals(publicKey, actualRecord.rr)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, Executor { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+
+            val discoveredInfo1 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val resolvedInfo1 = resolveService(discoveredInfo1)
+
+            assertEquals(serviceName, discoveredInfo1.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, resolvedInfo1.port)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertising_registerCustomHostAndPublicKey_keyAnnounced() {
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+            val announcement = packetReader.pollForReply("$customHostname.local", TYPE_KEY)
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            val keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(1, keyRecords.size)
+            val actualRecord = keyRecords.get(0)
+            assertEquals(TYPE_KEY, actualRecord.nsType)
+            assertEquals("$customHostname.local", actualRecord.dName)
+            assertEquals(NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS, actualRecord.ttl)
+            assertArrayEquals(publicKey, actualRecord.rr)
+
+            // This test case focuses on key announcement so we don't check the details of the
+            // announcement of the custom host addresses.
+            val addressRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter {
+                it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA ||
+                        it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_A
+            }
+            assertEquals(3, addressRecords.size)
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdvertising_registerTwoServicesWithSameCustomHostAndPublicKey_keyAnnounced() {
+        val si1 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType
+            it.serviceName = serviceName
+            it.port = TEST_PORT
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.23"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo().also {
+            it.network = testNetwork1.network
+            it.serviceType = serviceType2
+            it.serviceName = serviceName2
+            it.port = TEST_PORT + 1
+            it.hostname = customHostname
+            it.hostAddresses = listOf()
+            it.publicKey = publicKey
+        }
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+            testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, si1)
+
+            var announcement =
+                packetReader.pollForReply("$serviceName.$serviceType.local", TYPE_KEY)
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            var keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(2, keyRecords.size)
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$serviceName.$serviceType.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$customHostname.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.ttl == NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.rr.contentEquals(publicKey) })
+
+            // This test case focuses on key announcement so we don't check the details of the
+            // announcement of the custom host addresses.
+            val addressRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter {
+                it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA ||
+                        it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_A
+            }
+            assertEquals(3, addressRecords.size)
+
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+            announcement = packetReader.pollForReply("$serviceName2.$serviceType2.local", TYPE_KEY)
+            assertNotNull(announcement)
+            keyRecords = announcement.records[ANSECTION].filter { it.nsType == TYPE_KEY }
+            assertEquals(2, keyRecords.size)
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$serviceName2.$serviceType2.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$customHostname.local" })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.ttl == NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS })
+            assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.rr.contentEquals(publicKey) })
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testServiceTypeClientRemovedAfterSocketDestroyed() {
         val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
         // Register service on testNetwork1
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
index 670889f..0dd2a23 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     private static final int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
     private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_PROBE_MS = 1_000;
 
-    private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+    private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
     private static final int CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS = 30;
 
     private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.kt
index 52e502d..4780c5d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Process
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.Direction.DOWNLOAD
 import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.NetworkStatsIntegrationTest.Direction.UPLOAD
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
@@ -214,6 +215,11 @@
         // In practice, for one way 10k download payload, the download usage is about
         // 11222~12880 bytes, with 14~17 packets. And the upload usage is about 1279~1626 bytes
         // with 14~17 packets, which is majorly contributed by TCP ACK packets.
+        // Clear TrafficStats cache is needed to avoid rate-limit caching for
+        // TrafficStats API results on V+ devices.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches()
+        }
         val snapshotAfterDownload = StatsSnapshot(context, internalInterfaceName)
         val (expectedDownloadLower, expectedDownloadUpper) = getExpectedStatsBounds(
             TEST_DOWNLOAD_SIZE,
@@ -236,6 +242,9 @@
         )
 
         // Verify upload data usage accounting.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches()
+        }
         val snapshotAfterUpload = StatsSnapshot(context, internalInterfaceName)
         val (expectedUploadLower, expectedUploadUpper) = getExpectedStatsBounds(
             TEST_UPLOAD_SIZE,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest.kt
index a9ccbdd..b5d78f3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest.kt
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DOZABLE_MATCH
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.HAPPY_BOX_MATCH
-import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.STANDBY_MATCH
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY
 import android.net.BpfNetMapsUtils.getMatchByFirewallChain
@@ -48,9 +49,9 @@
 private const val TEST_UID3 = TEST_UID2 + 1
 private const val NO_IIF = 0
 
-// pre-T devices does not support Bpf.
+// NetworkStack can not use this before U due to b/326143935
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+@IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class NetworkStackBpfNetMapsTest {
     @Rule
     @JvmField
@@ -102,14 +103,18 @@
         }
         // Verify the size matches, this also verifies no common item in allow and deny chains.
         assertEquals(
-            BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.size +
-                BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.size,
+                BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.size +
+                        BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.size +
+                        BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.size +
+                        BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS.size,
             declaredChains.size
         )
         declaredChains.forEach {
             assertTrue(
-                BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
-                    BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null))
+                    BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
+                            BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
+                            BpfNetMapsConstants.DENY_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null)) ||
+                            BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS.contains(it.get(null))
             )
         }
     }
@@ -190,7 +195,16 @@
 
         // Add uid1 to penalty box, verify the network is blocked for uid1, while uid2 is not
         // affected.
-        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(TEST_UID1), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(TEST_UID1), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(TEST_UID1), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(
+                S32(TEST_UID1),
+                UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH or PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH)
+        )
         assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
 
@@ -206,7 +220,14 @@
         // priority.
         testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(
             S32(TEST_UID1),
-            UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH or HAPPY_BOX_MATCH)
+            UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH or HAPPY_BOX_MATCH)
+        )
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
+        assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID3, metered = true))
+        testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(
+                S32(TEST_UID1),
+                UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH or HAPPY_BOX_MATCH)
         )
         assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID1, metered = true))
         assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID2, metered = true))
@@ -240,7 +261,7 @@
         for (uid in FIRST_APPLICATION_UID - 5..FIRST_APPLICATION_UID + 5) {
             // system uid is not blocked regardless of firewall chains
             val expectBlocked = uid >= FIRST_APPLICATION_UID
-            testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(uid), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH))
+            testUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(S32(uid), UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH))
             assertEquals(
                 expectBlocked,
                     isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered = true),
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
index 27c4561..9c812a1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.checkServiceInfoForRegistration;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.hexStringToByteArray;
+
 import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.DisableCompatChanges;
 import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.EnableCompatChanges;
 
@@ -54,6 +59,7 @@
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.time.Duration;
 
@@ -395,6 +401,7 @@
         NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener4 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
         NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener5 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
         NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener6 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener7 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
 
         NsdServiceInfo invalidService = new NsdServiceInfo(null, null);
         NsdServiceInfo validService = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
@@ -439,6 +446,19 @@
         validServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses.setPort(2222);
         validServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses.setHostname("a_host");
 
+        NsdServiceInfo validServiceWithPublicKey = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        validServiceWithPublicKey.setPublicKey(
+                hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                                + "270962d3"));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo invalidServiceWithTooShortPublicKey =
+                new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "_a_type._tcp");
+        invalidServiceWithTooShortPublicKey.setPublicKey(hexStringToByteArray("0201"));
+
         // Service registration
         //  - invalid arguments
         mustFail(() -> { manager.unregisterService(null); });
@@ -449,6 +469,8 @@
         mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, null); });
         mustFail(() -> {
             manager.registerService(invalidMissingHostnameWithAddresses, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        mustFail(() -> {
+            manager.registerService(invalidServiceWithTooShortPublicKey, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
         manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1);
         //  - update without subtype is not allowed
         mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validServiceDuplicate, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
@@ -479,6 +501,9 @@
         //  - registering a service with a custom host with no addresses is valid
         manager.registerService(validServiceWithCustomHostNoAddresses, PROTOCOL, listener6);
         manager.unregisterService(listener6);
+        //  - registering a service with a public key is valid
+        manager.registerService(validServiceWithPublicKey, PROTOCOL, listener7);
+        manager.unregisterService(listener7);
 
         // Discover service
         //  - invalid arguments
@@ -506,6 +531,229 @@
         mustFail(() -> { manager.resolveService(validService, listener3); });
     }
 
+    private static final class NsdServiceInfoBuilder {
+        private static final String SERVICE_NAME = "TestService";
+        private static final String SERVICE_TYPE = "_testservice._tcp";
+        private static final int SERVICE_PORT = 12345;
+        private static final String HOSTNAME = "TestHost";
+        private static final List<InetAddress> HOST_ADDRESSES =
+                List.of(parseNumericAddress("192.168.2.23"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"));
+        private static final byte[] PUBLIC_KEY =
+                hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                                + "270962d3");
+
+        private final NsdServiceInfo mNsdServiceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+
+        NsdServiceInfo build() {
+            return mNsdServiceInfo;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setNoService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(0);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(SERVICE_PORT);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setZeroPortService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(0);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setInvalidService() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setServiceType(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPort(SERVICE_PORT);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setDefaultHost() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(Collections.emptyList());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setCustomHost() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(HOSTNAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(HOST_ADDRESSES);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setCustomHostNoAddress() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(HOSTNAME);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(Collections.emptyList());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setHostAddressesNoHostname() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostname(null);
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setHostAddresses(HOST_ADDRESSES);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setNoPublicKey() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPublicKey(null);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setPublicKey() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        NsdServiceInfoBuilder setInvalidPublicKey() {
+            mNsdServiceInfo.setPublicKey(new byte[3]);
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckServiceInfoForRegistration() {
+        // The service is invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setInvalidService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build()));
+        // Keep compatible with the legacy behavior: It's allowed to set host
+        // addresses for a service registration although the host addresses
+        // won't be registered. To register the addresses for a host, the
+        // hostname must be specified.
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setHostAddressesNoHostname()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // The public key is invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setInvalidPublicKey().build()));
+        // Invalid combinations
+        // 1. (service, custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 2. (service, custom host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 3. (service, no-address custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 4. (service, no-address custom host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 5. (service, default host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 6. (service, default host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 7. (0-port service, custom host, valid key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 8. (0-port service, custom host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 9. (0-port service, no-address custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 10. (0-port service, no-address custom host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 11. (0-port service, default host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 12. (0-port service, default host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setZeroPortService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 13. (no service, custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 14. (no service, custom host, no key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build());
+        // 15. (no service, no-address custom host, key): valid
+        checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setPublicKey().build());
+        // 16. (no service, no-address custom host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setCustomHostNoAddress()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+        // 17. (no service, default host, key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setPublicKey().build()));
+        // 18. (no service, default host, no key): invalid
+        mustFail(() -> checkServiceInfoForRegistration(
+                new NsdServiceInfoBuilder()
+                        .setNoService()
+                        .setDefaultHost()
+                        .setNoPublicKey().build()));
+    }
+
     public void mustFail(Runnable fn) {
         try {
             fn.run();
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
index 3f6e88d..aa28e5a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
@@ -231,8 +231,10 @@
         val clientId = 99
         val transactionId = 100
         val durationMs = 10L
+        val sentQueryCount = 10
         val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(clientId, deps)
-        metrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(true /* isLegacy */, transactionId, durationMs)
+        metrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(
+                true /* isLegacy */, transactionId, durationMs, sentQueryCount)
 
         val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
         verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
@@ -243,6 +245,7 @@
             assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE, it.type)
             assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_STOP, it.queryResult)
             assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+            assertEquals(sentQueryCount, it.sentQueryCount)
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index ea905d5..cbc060a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server;
 
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.ALLOW_CHAINS;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.BACKGROUND_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_DISABLED;
@@ -31,13 +32,25 @@
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_1_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_2_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.OEM_DENY_3_MATCH;
-import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.POWERSAVE_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.RESTRICTED_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.STANDBY_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -334,146 +347,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match & ~PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNaughtyApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH with other matches
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH with IIF_MATCH
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH is not enabled
-        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNaughtyAppMissingUid() {
-        // UidOwnerMap does not have entry for TEST_UID
-        assertThrows(ServiceSpecificException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNaughtyAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestAddNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        if (match != NO_MATCH) {
-            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-        }
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match | PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNaughtyApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, NO_MATCH);
-
-        // Other matches are enabled
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-
-        // IIF_MATCH is enabled
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH is already enabled
-        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNaughtyAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestRemoveNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match & ~HAPPY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNiceApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(NO_IIF, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH with other matches
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(NO_IIF, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH with IIF_MATCH
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH is not enabled
-        doTestRemoveNiceApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNiceAppMissingUid() {
-        // UidOwnerMap does not have entry for TEST_UID
-        assertThrows(ServiceSpecificException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testRemoveNiceAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestAddNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        if (match != NO_MATCH) {
-            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
-        }
-
-        mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(TEST_UID);
-
-        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNiceApp() throws Exception {
-        doTestAddNiceApp(NO_IIF, NO_MATCH);
-
-        // Other matches are enabled
-        doTestAddNiceApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
-
-        // IIF_MATCH is enabled
-        doTestAddNiceApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, IIF_MATCH);
-
-        // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH is already enabled
-        doTestAddNiceApp(NO_IIF, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testAddNiceAppBeforeT() {
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(TEST_UID));
-    }
-
     private void doTestUpdateUidLockdownRule(final int iif, final long match, final boolean add)
             throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
@@ -658,6 +531,9 @@
         doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1);
         doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2);
         doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3);
+        doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW);
+        doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER);
+        doTestSetUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -972,6 +848,21 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+    public void testGetNetPermFoUid() throws Exception {
+        mUidPermissionMap.deleteEntry(new S32(TEST_UID));
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_INTERNET, mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(TEST_UID));
+
+        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new U8((short) PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(TEST_UID));
+
+        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID),
+                new U8((short) (PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)));
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                mBpfNetMaps.getNetPermForUid(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testSwapActiveStatsMap() throws Exception {
         mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(
@@ -1079,7 +970,7 @@
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testDumpUidOwnerMap() throws Exception {
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH");
-        doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_MATCH");
+        doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(DOZABLE_MATCH, "DOZABLE_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(STANDBY_MATCH, "STANDBY_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(POWERSAVE_MATCH, "POWERSAVE_MATCH");
@@ -1089,6 +980,7 @@
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(OEM_DENY_1_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_1_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(OEM_DENY_2_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_2_MATCH");
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(OEM_DENY_3_MATCH, "OEM_DENY_3_MATCH");
+        doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH");
 
         doTestDumpUidOwnerMap(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH,
                 "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH POWERSAVE_MATCH");
@@ -1137,7 +1029,6 @@
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testDumpUidOwnerMapConfig() throws Exception {
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, "HAPPY_BOX_MATCH");
-        doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "PENALTY_BOX_MATCH");
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(DOZABLE_MATCH, "DOZABLE_MATCH");
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(STANDBY_MATCH, "STANDBY_MATCH");
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(POWERSAVE_MATCH, "POWERSAVE_MATCH");
@@ -1283,4 +1174,138 @@
         assertDumpContains(dump, TEST_V6_ADDRESS.getHostAddress());
         assertDumpContains(dump, TEST_IF_INDEX + "(" + TEST_IF_NAME + ")");
     }
+
+    private void doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+            final long configurationMatches,
+            final long uidRules,
+            final short dataSaverStatus,
+            final int expectedBlockedReasons
+    ) throws Exception {
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(configurationMatches));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, uidRules));
+        mDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, new U8(dataSaverStatus));
+
+        assertEquals(expectedBlockedReasons, mBpfNetMaps.getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons() throws Exception {
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER | BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                OEM_DENY_1_MATCH | OEM_DENY_2_MATCH | OEM_DENY_3_MATCH,
+                OEM_DENY_1_MATCH | OEM_DENY_3_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH,
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | BACKGROUND_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE
+        );
+
+        // Note that HAPPY_BOX and PENALTY_BOX are not disabled by configuration map
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED | BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED | BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED
+        );
+        doTestGetUidNetworkingBlockedReasons(
+                STANDBY_MATCH,
+                STANDBY_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY | BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+            final long enabledMatches,
+            final long uidRules,
+            final short dataSaver,
+            final boolean expectedRestricted
+    ) throws Exception {
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(enabledMatches));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, uidRules));
+        mDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, new U8(dataSaver));
+
+        assertEquals(expectedRestricted, mBpfNetMaps.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() throws Exception {
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                false /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH,
+                DOZABLE_MATCH | STANDBY_MATCH ,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                false /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                PENALTY_BOX_USER_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_ADMIN_MATCH | HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_DISABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                NO_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                true /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+        doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
+                NO_MATCH,
+                HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                DATA_SAVER_ENABLED,
+                false /* expectRestricted */
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 7822fe0..717c5a1 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3;
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_FALLBACK;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
@@ -148,6 +152,7 @@
 import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED;
 import static android.net.Proxy.PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORKINFO_WITHOUT_INTERNET_BLOCKED;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.PREFIX_OPERATION_REMOVED;
 import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE;
@@ -457,6 +462,7 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -799,8 +805,10 @@
             // This relies on all contexts for a given user returning the same UM mock
             final DevicePolicyManager dpmMock = createContextAsUser(userHandle, 0 /* flags */)
                     .getSystemService(DevicePolicyManager.class);
-            doReturn(value).when(dpmMock).getDeviceOwner();
-            doReturn(value).when(mDevicePolicyManager).getDeviceOwner();
+            ComponentName componentName = value == null
+                    ? null : new ComponentName(value, "deviceOwnerClass");
+            doReturn(componentName).when(dpmMock).getDeviceOwnerComponentOnAnyUser();
+            doReturn(componentName).when(mDevicePolicyManager).getDeviceOwnerComponentOnAnyUser();
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -1939,6 +1947,9 @@
         setCaptivePortalMode(ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT);
         setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
         setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, "ignored.example.com");
+
+        mDeps.setChangeIdEnabled(true, NETWORKINFO_WITHOUT_INTERNET_BLOCKED, Process.myUid());
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_INTERNET).when(mBpfNetMaps).getNetPermForUid(anyInt());
         // Note : Please do not add any new instrumentation here. If you need new instrumentation,
         // please add it in CSTest and use subclasses of CSTest instead of adding more
         // tools in ConnectivityServiceTest.
@@ -10499,6 +10510,9 @@
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
         doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
+        doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+        doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
+        doTestSetUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
     }
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
@@ -19190,6 +19204,25 @@
         verifyClatdStop(null /* inOrder */, MOBILE_IFNAME);
     }
 
-    // Note : adding tests is ConnectivityServiceTest is deprecated, as it is too big for
+    private static final int EXPECTED_TEST_METHOD_COUNT = 332;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTestMethodCount() {
+        final Class<?> testClass = this.getClass();
+
+        int actualTestMethodCount = 0;
+        for (final Method method : testClass.getDeclaredMethods()) {
+            if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Test.class)) {
+                actualTestMethodCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("Adding tests in ConnectivityServiceTest is deprecated, "
+                + "as it is too big for maintenance. Please consider adding new tests "
+                + "in subclasses of CSTest instead.",
+                EXPECTED_TEST_METHOD_COUNT, actualTestMethodCount);
+    }
+
+    // Note : adding tests in ConnectivityServiceTest is deprecated, as it is too big for
     // maintenance. Please consider adding new tests in subclasses of CSTest instead.
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
index d91e29c..aece3f7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.DEFAULT_RUNNING_APP_ACTIVE_IMPORTANCE_CUTOFF;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.MdnsListener;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.NO_TRANSACTION;
+import static com.android.server.NsdService.checkHostname;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.parseTypeAndSubtype;
 import static com.android.testutils.ContextUtils.mockService;
 
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
@@ -904,7 +906,7 @@
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
         verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(
-                true /* isLegacy */, resolveId, 10L /* durationMs */);
+                true /* isLegacy */, resolveId, 10L /* durationMs */, 0 /* sentQueryCount */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -978,7 +980,7 @@
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
         verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(
-                true /* isLegacy */, getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */);
+                true /* isLegacy */, getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */,  0 /* sentQueryCount */);
     }
 
     private void verifyUpdatedServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo info, String serviceName,
@@ -1679,20 +1681,23 @@
         // Subtypes are not used for resolution, only for discovery
         assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), optionsCaptor.getValue().getSubtypes());
 
+        final MdnsListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+        // Callbacks for query sent.
+        listener.onDiscoveryQuerySent(Collections.emptyList(), 1 /* transactionId */);
+
         doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         client.stopServiceResolution(resolveListener);
         waitForIdle();
 
         // Verify the listener has been unregistered.
-        final MdnsListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
         verify(mDiscoveryManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .unregisterListener(eq(constructedServiceType), eq(listener));
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onResolutionStopped(argThat(ns ->
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
         verify(mSocketProvider, timeout(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS + TIMEOUT_MS)).requestStopWhenInactive();
-        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(
-                false /* isLegacy */, listener.mTransactionId, 10L /* durationMs */);
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(false /* isLegacy */, listener.mTransactionId,
+                10L /* durationMs */, 1 /* sentQueryCount */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1723,6 +1728,36 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void TestCheckHostname() {
+        // Valid cases
+        assertTrue(checkHostname(null));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("a"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("1"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("a-1234-bbbb-cccc000"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("A-1234-BBbb-CCCC000"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("1234-bbbb-cccc000"));
+        assertTrue(checkHostname("0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcde" // 63 characters
+                        ));
+
+        // Invalid cases
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("?"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("/"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("a-"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("B-"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("-A"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("-b"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("-1-"));
+        assertFalse(checkHostname("0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef"
+                                + "0123456789abcdef" // 64 characters
+                        ));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @EnableCompatChanges(ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND)
     public void testEnablePlatformMdnsBackend() {
         final NsdManager client = connectClient(mService);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
index 6c2c256..5c994f5 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
@@ -402,15 +402,18 @@
                 mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifsUpdate)
         val mf6cctlDel = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
                 mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+        val ifName1Copy = String(mIfName1.toCharArray())
+        val ifName2Copy = String(mIfName2.toCharArray())
+        val ifName3Copy = String(mIfName3.toCharArray())
 
         verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlAdd))
 
-        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(ifName1Copy, ifName2Copy)
         mLooper.dispatchAll()
 
         verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlUpdate))
 
-        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName3)
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(ifName1Copy, ifName3Copy)
         mLooper.dispatchAll()
 
         verify(mDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlDel))
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
index 271cc65..2cb97c9 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.HandlerThread
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.hexStringToByteArray
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_HOST
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.CONFLICT_SERVICE
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsProber.ProbingInfo
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_A
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_SRV
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord.TYPE_TXT
@@ -52,10 +53,6 @@
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
-import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
-import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
-import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
 
 private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 = 42
 private const val TEST_SERVICE_ID_2 = 43
@@ -125,6 +122,20 @@
     port = TEST_PORT
 }
 
+private val TEST_PUBLIC_KEY = hexStringToByteArray(
+        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                + "270962d3")
+
+private val TEST_PUBLIC_KEY_2 = hexStringToByteArray(
+        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                + "270962d4")
+
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 class MdnsRecordRepositoryTest {
@@ -132,10 +143,23 @@
     private val deps = object : Dependencies() {
         override fun getInterfaceInetAddresses(iface: NetworkInterface) =
                 Collections.enumeration(TEST_ADDRESSES.map { it.address })
+
+        override fun elapsedRealTime() = now
+
+        fun elapse(duration: Long) {
+            now += duration
+        }
+
+        fun resetElapsedRealTime() {
+            now = 100
+        }
+
+        var now: Long = 100
     }
 
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
+        deps.resetElapsedRealTime();
         thread.start()
     }
 
@@ -573,6 +597,7 @@
             TYPE_PTR -> return MdnsPointerRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
             TYPE_SRV -> return MdnsServiceRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
             TYPE_TXT -> return MdnsTextRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
+            TYPE_KEY -> return MdnsKeyRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */)
             TYPE_A, TYPE_AAAA -> return MdnsInetAddressRecord(name, type, false /* isUnicast */)
             else -> fail("Unexpected question type: $type")
         }
@@ -900,6 +925,159 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyQuestionForServiceName_returnsKeyRecord() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService1"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService2"
+            port = 0 // No SRV RR
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName1 = arrayOf("MyTestService1", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName2 = arrayOf("MyTestService2", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply1)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(serviceName1,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply1.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(),
+                reply1.additionalAnswers)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply2)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(serviceName2,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply2.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsNsecRecord(serviceName2,
+                0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                serviceName2 /* nextDomain */,
+                intArrayOf(TYPE_KEY))),
+                reply2.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyQuestionForHostname_returnsKeyRecord() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost1"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost2"
+            hostAddresses = listOf() // No address records
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val hostname1 = arrayOf("MyHost1", "local")
+        val hostname2 = arrayOf("MyHost2", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply1)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(hostname1,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply1.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(),
+                reply1.additionalAnswers)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNotNull(reply2)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(hostname2,
+                0, false, LONG_TTL, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)),
+                reply2.answers)
+        assertEquals(listOf(MdnsNsecRecord(hostname2, 0L, true, SHORT_TTL,
+                hostname2 /* nextDomain */,
+                intArrayOf(TYPE_KEY))),
+                reply2.additionalAnswers)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyRecordForHostRemoved_noAnswertoKeyQuestion() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost1"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost2"
+            hostAddresses = listOf() // No address records
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val hostname1 = arrayOf("MyHost1", "local")
+        val hostname2 = arrayOf("MyHost2", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply1)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to hostname2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_keyRecordForServiceRemoved_noAnswertoKeyQuestion() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService1"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService2"
+            port = 0 // No SRV RR
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        repository.removeService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2)
+        val src = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("fe80::123"), 5353)
+        val serviceName1 = arrayOf("MyTestService1", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+        val serviceName2 = arrayOf("MyTestService2", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local")
+
+        val query1 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName1)
+        val reply1 = repository.getReply(query1, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply1)
+
+        val query2 = makeQuery(TYPE_KEY to serviceName2)
+        val reply2 = repository.getReply(query2, src)
+
+        assertNull(reply2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testGetReply_customHostRemoved_noAnswerToAAAAQuestion() {
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.initWithService(
@@ -1003,6 +1181,102 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testGetReply_ipv4AndIpv6Queries_ipv4AndIpv6Replies() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv4 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val replyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+        val srcIpv6 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+        val replyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+
+        assertNotNull(replyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), replyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, replyIpv4.destination.port)
+        assertNotNull(replyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), replyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, replyIpv6.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv4QueriesInOneSecond_theSecondReplyIsThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv4 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+        deps.elapse(500L)
+        val secondReply = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), firstReplyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv4.destination.port)
+        assertNull(secondReply)
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv6QueriesInOneSecond_theSecondReplyIsThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv6 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+        deps.elapse(500L)
+        val secondReply = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), firstReplyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv6.destination.port)
+        assertNull(secondReply)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv4QueriesInMoreThanOneSecond_repliesAreNotThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv4 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+        // The longest possible interval that may make the reply throttled is
+        // 1000 (MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) + 120 (delay for shared name) = 1120
+        deps.elapse(1121L)
+        val secondReplyIpv4 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv4)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), firstReplyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv4.destination.port)
+        assertNotNull(secondReplyIpv4)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), secondReplyIpv4.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, secondReplyIpv4.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetReply_twoIpv6QueriesInMoreThanOneSecond_repliesAreNotThrottled() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.initWithService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, setOf(TEST_SUBTYPE))
+        val query = makeQuery(TYPE_PTR to arrayOf("_testservice", "_tcp", "local"))
+
+        val srcIpv6 = InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), 5353)
+        val firstReplyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+        // The longest possible interval that may make the reply throttled is
+        // 1000 (MIN_MULTICAST_REPLY_INTERVAL_MS) + 120 (delay for shared name) = 1120
+        deps.elapse(1121L)
+        val secondReplyIpv6 = repository.getReply(query, srcIpv6)
+
+        assertNotNull(firstReplyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), firstReplyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, firstReplyIpv6.destination.port)
+        assertNotNull(secondReplyIpv6)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), secondReplyIpv6.destination.address)
+        assertEquals(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, secondReplyIpv6.destination.port)
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServices() {
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
@@ -1117,8 +1391,8 @@
     @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsReplyHasFewerAddressesThanUs_noConflict() {
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
-        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, null /* ttl */)
-        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
 
         val packet = MdnsPacket(
                 0, /* flags */
@@ -1136,10 +1410,30 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsReplyHasIdenticalHosts_noConflict() {
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsReplyHasSameNameRecord_conflictDuringProbing() {
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, null /* ttl */)
-        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
+
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+            0, /* flags */
+            emptyList(), /* questions */
+            listOf(MdnsKeyRecord(arrayOf("TestHost", "local"),
+                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    0L /* ttlMillis */, TEST_PUBLIC_KEY),
+            ) /* answers */,
+            emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+            emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
+            repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsReplyHasIdenticalHosts_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
 
         val packet = MdnsPacket(
                 0, /* flags */
@@ -1163,8 +1457,8 @@
     @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServices_customHostsCaseInsensitiveReplyHasIdenticalHosts_noConflict() {
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
-        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1, null /* ttl */)
-        repository.addService(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2, null /* ttl */)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_1, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_1)
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_ID_2, TEST_CUSTOM_HOST_2)
 
         val packet = MdnsPacket(
                 0, /* flags */
@@ -1185,6 +1479,190 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_identicalKeyRecordsForService_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_differentKeyRecordsForService_conflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* null */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyTestService", "_testservice", "_tcp", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY_2)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_SERVICE),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_identicalKeyRecordsForHost_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2")
+            )
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(emptyMap(),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_keyForCustomHostReplySameRecordName_conflictDuringProbing() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+            0 /* flags */,
+            emptyList() /* questions */,
+            listOf(MdnsInetAddressRecord(arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                    true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    otherTtlMillis,
+                    parseNumericAddress("192.168.2.111"))
+            ) /* answers */,
+            emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+            emptyList() /* additionalRecords */
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
+            repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_differentKeyRecordsForHost_conflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+                0 /* flags */,
+                emptyList() /* questions */,
+                listOf(
+                        MdnsKeyRecord(
+                                arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                                0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                                otherTtlMillis,
+                                TEST_PUBLIC_KEY_2)
+                ) /* answers */,
+                emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+                emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1 to CONFLICT_HOST),
+                repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetConflictingServices_multipleRegistrationsForHostKey_noConflict() {
+        val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
+
+        repository.addServiceAndFinishProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            hostAddresses = listOf(
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        })
+        repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_2, NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_testservice._tcp"
+            serviceName = "MyTestService"
+            port = TEST_PORT
+            hostname = "MyHost"
+            publicKey = TEST_PUBLIC_KEY
+        }, null /* ttl */)
+
+        // Although there's a KEY RR in the second registration being probed, it shouldn't conflict
+        // with an address record which is from a probed registration in the repository.
+        val otherTtlMillis = 1234L
+        val packet = MdnsPacket(
+            0 /* flags */,
+            emptyList() /* questions */,
+            listOf(
+                MdnsInetAddressRecord(
+                    arrayOf("MyHost", "local"),
+                    0L /* receiptTimeMillis */, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                    otherTtlMillis,
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"))
+            ) /* answers */,
+            emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
+            emptyList() /* additionalRecords */)
+
+        assertEquals(mapOf(), repository.getConflictingServices(packet))
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testGetConflictingServices_IdenticalService() {
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java
index 55c2846..63548c1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordTests.java
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.QCLASS_INTERNET;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
@@ -424,4 +426,92 @@
         assertEquals(new TextEntry("xyz", HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("FFEFDFCF")),
                 entries.get(2));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKeyRecord() throws IOException {
+        final byte[] dataIn =
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "09746573742d686f7374056c6f63616c"
+                                + "00001980010000000a00440201030dc1"
+                                + "41d0637960b98cbc12cfca221d2879da"
+                                + "c26ee5b460e9007c992e1902d897c391"
+                                + "b03764d448f7d0c772fdb03b1d9d6d52"
+                                + "ff8886769e8e2362513565270962d3");
+        final byte[] rData =
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                        "0201030dc141d0637960b98cbc12cfca"
+                                + "221d2879dac26ee5b460e9007c992e19"
+                                + "02d897c391b03764d448f7d0c772fdb0"
+                                + "3b1d9d6d52ff8886769e8e2362513565"
+                                + "270962d3");
+        assertNotNull(dataIn);
+        String dataInText = HexDump.dumpHexString(dataIn, 0, dataIn.length);
+
+        // Decode
+        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(dataIn, dataIn.length);
+        MdnsPacketReader reader = new MdnsPacketReader(packet);
+
+        String[] name = reader.readLabels();
+        assertNotNull(name);
+        assertEquals(2, name.length);
+        String fqdn = MdnsRecord.labelsToString(name);
+        assertEquals("test-host.local", fqdn);
+
+        int type = reader.readUInt16();
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, type);
+
+        MdnsKeyRecord keyRecord;
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, MdnsPacketReader reader)
+        reader = new MdnsPacketReader(packet);
+        reader.readLabels(); // Skip labels
+        reader.readUInt16(); // Skip type
+        keyRecord = new MdnsKeyRecord(name, reader);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getTtl() > 0); // Not a question so the TTL is greater than 0
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData());
+        assertNotEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData()); // Uses a copy of the original RDATA
+        assertEquals(dataInText, toHex(keyRecord));
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, MdnsPacketReader reader, boolean isQuestion)
+        reader = new MdnsPacketReader(packet);
+        reader.readLabels(); // Skip labels
+        reader.readUInt16(); // Skip type
+        keyRecord = new MdnsKeyRecord(name, reader, false /* isQuestion */);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getTtl() > 0); // Not a question, so the TTL is greater than 0
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData());
+        assertNotEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData()); // Uses a copy of the original RDATA
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, boolean isUnicast)
+        keyRecord = new MdnsKeyRecord(name, false /* isUnicast */);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertEquals(0, keyRecord.getTtl());
+        assertEquals(QCLASS_INTERNET, keyRecord.getRecordClass());
+        assertFalse(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(null, keyRecord.getRData());
+
+        // MdnsKeyRecord(String[] name, long receiptTimeMillis, boolean cacheFlush, long ttlMillis,
+        // byte[] rData)
+        keyRecord =
+                new MdnsKeyRecord(
+                        name,
+                        10 /* receiptTimeMillis */,
+                        true /* cacheFlush */,
+                        20_000 /* ttlMillis */,
+                        rData);
+        assertEquals(MdnsRecord.TYPE_KEY, keyRecord.getType());
+        assertEquals(10, keyRecord.getReceiptTime());
+        assertTrue(keyRecord.getCacheFlush());
+        assertEquals(20_000, keyRecord.getTtl());
+        assertEquals(QCLASS_INTERNET, keyRecord.getRecordClass());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"test-host", "local"}, keyRecord.getName());
+        assertArrayEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData());
+        assertNotEquals(rData, keyRecord.getRData()); // Uses a copy of the original RDATA
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSActiveNetworkInfoTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSActiveNetworkInfoTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1891a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSActiveNetworkInfoTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET
+import android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NONE
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.BLOCKED
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED
+import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORKINFO_WITHOUT_INTERNET_BLOCKED
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+
+private fun nc() = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .build()
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+class CSActiveNetworkInfoTest : CSTest() {
+
+    fun doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+            changeEnabled: Boolean,
+            permissions: Int,
+            expectBlocked: Boolean
+    ) {
+        deps.setChangeIdEnabled(changeEnabled, NETWORKINFO_WITHOUT_INTERNET_BLOCKED)
+        doReturn(permissions).`when`(bpfNetMaps).getNetPermForUid(anyInt())
+
+        val agent = Agent(nc = nc())
+        agent.connect()
+
+        val networkInfo = cm.activeNetworkInfo
+        assertNotNull(networkInfo)
+        if (expectBlocked) {
+            assertEquals(BLOCKED, networkInfo.detailedState)
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(CONNECTED, networkInfo.detailedState)
+        }
+        agent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetActiveNetworkInfo() {
+        doReturn(true).`when`(bpfNetMaps).isUidNetworkingBlocked(anyInt(), anyBoolean())
+        doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+                changeEnabled = true,
+                permissions = PERMISSION_NONE,
+                expectBlocked = true
+        )
+        doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+                changeEnabled = false,
+                permissions = PERMISSION_INTERNET,
+                expectBlocked = true
+        )
+        // getActiveNetworkInfo does not return NetworkInfo with blocked state if the compat change
+        // is disabled and the app does not have PERMISSION_INTERNET
+        doTestGetActiveNetworkInfo(
+                changeEnabled = false,
+                permissions = PERMISSION_NONE,
+                expectBlocked = false
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSFirewallChainTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSFirewallChainTest.kt
index 16de4da..83ccccd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSFirewallChainTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSFirewallChainTest.kt
@@ -16,7 +16,14 @@
 
 package com.android.server
 
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS
+import android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.METERED_DENY_CHAINS
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
 import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN
@@ -24,6 +31,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
 import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -52,13 +60,13 @@
     @FeatureFlags(flags = [Flag(BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN, true)])
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     fun setFirewallChainEnabled_backgroundChainEnabled_afterU() {
-        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
-        verify(bpfNetMaps).setChildChain(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
 
         clearInvocations(bpfNetMaps)
 
-        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
-        verify(bpfNetMaps).setChildChain(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -69,10 +77,10 @@
     }
 
     private fun verifySetFirewallChainEnabledOnBackgroundDoesNothing() {
-        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, true)
         verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setChildChain(anyInt(), anyBoolean())
 
-        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
+        cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, false)
         verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setChildChain(anyInt(), anyBoolean())
     }
 
@@ -88,8 +96,8 @@
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     fun replaceFirewallChain_backgroundChainEnabled_afterU() {
         val uids = intArrayOf(53, 42, 79)
-        cm.replaceFirewallChain(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
-        verify(bpfNetMaps).replaceUidChain(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
+        cm.replaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).replaceUidChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@
 
     private fun verifyReplaceFirewallChainOnBackgroundDoesNothing() {
         val uids = intArrayOf(53, 42, 79)
-        cm.replaceFirewallChain(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
+        cm.replaceFirewallChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uids)
         verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).replaceUidChain(anyInt(), any(IntArray::class.java))
     }
 
@@ -118,24 +126,18 @@
     fun setUidFirewallRule_backgroundChainEnabled_afterU() {
         val uid = 2345
 
-        cm.setUidFirewallRule(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid,
-            ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT)
-        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid,
-            ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
 
         clearInvocations(bpfNetMaps)
 
-        cm.setUidFirewallRule(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid,
-            ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
-        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid,
-            ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
 
         clearInvocations(bpfNetMaps)
 
-        cm.setUidFirewallRule(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid,
-            ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
-        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid,
-            ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+        cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -148,10 +150,49 @@
     private fun verifySetUidFirewallRuleOnBackgroundDoesNothing() {
         val uid = 2345
 
-        listOf(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW,
-            ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY).forEach { rule ->
-            cm.setUidFirewallRule(ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, rule)
+        listOf(FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY).forEach { rule ->
+            cm.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND, uid, rule)
             verify(bpfNetMaps, never()).setUidRule(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt())
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetFirewallChainEnabled_meteredChain() {
+        (METERED_ALLOW_CHAINS + METERED_DENY_CHAINS).forEach {
+            assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException::class.java) {
+                cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(it, true)
+            }
+            assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException::class.java) {
+                cm.setFirewallChainEnabled(it, false)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList() {
+        val uid = 1001
+        cm.removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid)
+        verify(bpfNetMaps).setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index d4f5619..6425daa 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -67,11 +67,14 @@
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.POLL_REASON_RAT_CHANGED;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.PollEvent.pollReasonNameOf;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_FASTDATAINPUT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_ATTEMPTS_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -116,6 +119,7 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.SimpleClock;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
@@ -159,12 +164,15 @@
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder;
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule;
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule.FeatureFlag;
 
 import libcore.testing.io.TestIoUtils;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
@@ -189,6 +197,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsService}.
@@ -202,6 +211,7 @@
 // NetworkStatsService is not updatable before T, so tests do not need to be backwards compatible
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
 public class NetworkStatsServiceTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
+
     private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsServiceTest";
 
     private static final long TEST_START = 1194220800000L;
@@ -295,6 +305,16 @@
     private Boolean mIsDebuggable;
     private HandlerThread mObserverHandlerThread;
     final TestDependencies mDeps = new TestDependencies();
+    final HashMap<String, Boolean> mFeatureFlags = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // This will set feature flags from @FeatureFlag annotations
+    // into the map before setUp() runs.
+    @Rule
+    public final SetFeatureFlagsRule mSetFeatureFlagsRule =
+            new SetFeatureFlagsRule((name, enabled) -> {
+                mFeatureFlags.put(name, enabled);
+                return null;
+            });
 
     private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
         private final Context mBaseContext;
@@ -395,8 +415,6 @@
 
         mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
 
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
         // Verify that system ready fetches realtime stats
@@ -432,6 +450,7 @@
 
     class TestDependencies extends NetworkStatsService.Dependencies {
         private int mCompareStatsInvocation = 0;
+        private NetworkStats.Entry mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat = null;
 
         @Override
         public File getLegacyStatsDir() {
@@ -573,6 +592,43 @@
         public boolean supportEventLogger(@NonNull Context cts) {
             return true;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean supportTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(Context ctx) {
+            return mFeatureFlags.getOrDefault(TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, false);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration() {
+            return DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheMaxEntries() {
+            return DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetTotalStat() {
+            return mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface) {
+            return mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats.Entry nativeGetUidStat(int uid) {
+            return mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat;
+        }
+
+        public void setNativeStat(NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
+            mMockedTrafficStatsNativeStat = entry;
+        }
     }
 
     @After
@@ -729,8 +785,6 @@
         assertStatsFilesExist(true);
 
         // boot through serviceReady() again
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
 
         mService.systemReady();
@@ -2111,8 +2165,6 @@
                 getLegacyCollection(PREFIX_UID_TAG, true /* includeTags */));
 
         // Mock zero usage and boot through serviceReady(), verify there is no imported data.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
@@ -2124,8 +2176,6 @@
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
 
         // Boot through systemReady() again.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
 
@@ -2199,8 +2249,6 @@
                 getLegacyCollection(PREFIX_UID_TAG, true /* includeTags */));
 
         // Mock zero usage and boot through serviceReady(), verify there is no imported data.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
@@ -2212,8 +2260,6 @@
         assertStatsFilesExist(false);
 
         // Boot through systemReady() again.
-        mockDefaultSettings();
-        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         prepareForSystemReady();
         mService.systemReady();
 
@@ -2365,6 +2411,68 @@
         assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_GREEN, 64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L, 0);
     }
 
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_disabled() throws Exception {
+        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(false /* cacheEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_enabled() throws Exception {
+        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(true /* cacheEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(boolean cacheEnabled) throws Exception {
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        // Calling uid is not injected into the service, use the real uid to pass the caller check.
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        mockTrafficStatsValues(64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L);
+        assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L);
+
+        // Verify the values are cached.
+        incrementCurrentTime(DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS / 2);
+        mockTrafficStatsValues(65L, 8L, 1055L, 9L);
+        if (cacheEnabled) {
+            assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L);
+        } else {
+            assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 65L, 8L, 1055L, 9L);
+        }
+
+        // Verify the values are updated after cache expiry.
+        incrementCurrentTime(DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS);
+        assertTrafficStatsValues(TEST_IFACE, myUid, 65L, 8L, 1055L, 9L);
+    }
+
+    private void mockTrafficStatsValues(long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        // In practice, keys and operations are not used and filled with default values when
+        // returned by JNI layer.
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT,
+                TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
+                rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, 0L);
+        mDeps.setNativeStat(entry);
+    }
+
+    // Assert for 3 different API return values respectively.
+    private void assertTrafficStatsValues(String iface, int uid, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
+                (type) -> mService.getTotalStats(type));
+        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
+                (type) -> mService.getIfaceStats(iface, type));
+        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
+                (type) -> mService.getUidStats(uid, type));
+    }
+
+    private void assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes,
+            long txPackets, Function<Integer, Long> fetcher) {
+        assertEquals(rxBytes, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES));
+        assertEquals(rxPackets, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS));
+        assertEquals(txBytes, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES));
+        assertEquals(txPackets, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS));
+    }
+
     private void assertShouldRunComparison(boolean expected, boolean isDebuggable) {
         assertEquals("shouldRunComparison (debuggable=" + isDebuggable + "): ",
                 expected, mService.shouldRunComparison());
@@ -2429,6 +2537,8 @@
     }
 
     private void prepareForSystemReady() throws Exception {
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         mockNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
     }
 
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index 63cd574..61bc5c1 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
-import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig;
 import android.net.LocalNetworkInfo;
@@ -106,8 +105,8 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
@@ -129,8 +128,6 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -165,6 +162,9 @@
     // Note that this regex allows "XX:XX-XX" as well but we don't need to be a strict checker
     private static final String OUI_REGEX = "^([0-9A-Fa-f]{2}[:-]?){2}([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})$";
 
+    // The channel mask that indicates all channels from channel 11 to channel 24
+    private static final int CHANNEL_MASK_11_TO_24 = 0x1FFF800;
+
     // Below member fields can be accessed from both the binder and handler threads
 
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@
     private final ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
     private final UserManager mUserManager;
     private boolean mUserRestricted;
+    private boolean mAirplaneModeOn;
     private boolean mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled;
 
     private BorderRouterConfigurationParcel mBorderRouterConfig;
@@ -260,38 +261,6 @@
                 countryCodeSupplier);
     }
 
-    private static Inet6Address bytesToInet6Address(byte[] addressBytes) {
-        try {
-            return (Inet6Address) Inet6Address.getByAddress(addressBytes);
-        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
-            // This is unlikely to happen unless the Thread daemon is critically broken
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static InetAddress addressInfoToInetAddress(Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo) {
-        return bytesToInet6Address(addressInfo.address);
-    }
-
-    private static LinkAddress newLinkAddress(Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo) {
-        long deprecationTimeMillis =
-                addressInfo.isPreferred
-                        ? LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT
-                        : SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
-
-        InetAddress address = addressInfoToInetAddress(addressInfo);
-
-        // flags and scope will be adjusted automatically depending on the address and
-        // its lifetimes.
-        return new LinkAddress(
-                address,
-                addressInfo.prefixLength,
-                0 /* flags */,
-                0 /* scope */,
-                deprecationTimeMillis,
-                LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT /* expirationTime */);
-    }
-
     private NetworkRequest newUpstreamNetworkRequest() {
         NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities();
 
@@ -315,7 +284,7 @@
     }
 
     private void maybeInitializeOtDaemon() {
-        if (!isEnabled()) {
+        if (!shouldEnableThread()) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -350,7 +319,7 @@
 
         otDaemon.initialize(
                 mTunIfController.getTunFd(),
-                isEnabled(),
+                shouldEnableThread(),
                 mNsdPublisher,
                 getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources.get()),
                 mOtDaemonCallbackProxy,
@@ -415,7 +384,7 @@
                     Log.d(
                             TAG,
                             "Initializing Thread system service: Thread is "
-                                    + (isEnabled() ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
+                                    + (shouldEnableThread() ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
                     try {
                         mTunIfController.createTunInterface();
                     } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -427,6 +396,8 @@
                     requestThreadNetwork();
                     mUserRestricted = isThreadUserRestricted();
                     registerUserRestrictionsReceiver();
+                    mAirplaneModeOn = isAirplaneModeOn();
+                    registerAirplaneModeReceiver();
                     maybeInitializeOtDaemon();
                 });
     }
@@ -507,6 +478,15 @@
             // the otDaemon set enabled state operation succeeded or not, so that it can recover
             // to the desired value after reboot.
             mPersistentSettings.put(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED.key, isEnabled);
+
+            // Remember whether the user wanted to keep Thread enabled in airplane mode. If once
+            // the user disabled Thread again in airplane mode, the persistent settings state is
+            // reset (so that Thread will be auto-disabled again when airplane mode is turned on).
+            // This behavior is consistent with Wi-Fi and bluetooth.
+            if (mAirplaneModeOn) {
+                mPersistentSettings.put(
+                        ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE.key, isEnabled);
+            }
         }
 
         try {
@@ -543,36 +523,30 @@
                         + newUserRestrictedState);
         mUserRestricted = newUserRestrictedState;
 
-        final boolean isEnabled = isEnabled();
+        final boolean shouldEnableThread = shouldEnableThread();
         final IOperationReceiver receiver =
                 new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
                     @Override
                     public void onSuccess() {
                         Log.d(
                                 TAG,
-                                (isEnabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
+                                (shouldEnableThread ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
                                         + " Thread due to user restriction change");
                     }
 
                     @Override
-                    public void onError(int otError, String messages) {
+                    public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
                         Log.e(
                                 TAG,
                                 "Failed to "
-                                        + (isEnabled ? "enable" : "disable")
+                                        + (shouldEnableThread ? "enable" : "disable")
                                         + " Thread for user restriction change");
                     }
                 };
         // Do not save the user restriction state to persistent settings so that the user
         // configuration won't be overwritten
-        setEnabledInternal(isEnabled, false /* persist */, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver));
-    }
-
-    /** Returns {@code true} if Thread is set enabled. */
-    private boolean isEnabled() {
-        return !mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled
-                && !mUserRestricted
-                && mPersistentSettings.get(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED);
+        setEnabledInternal(
+                shouldEnableThread, false /* persist */, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver));
     }
 
     /** Returns {@code true} if Thread has been restricted for the user. */
@@ -580,6 +554,74 @@
         return mUserManager.hasUserRestriction(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK);
     }
 
+    private void registerAirplaneModeReceiver() {
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                new BroadcastReceiver() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                        onAirplaneModeChanged(isAirplaneModeOn());
+                    }
+                },
+                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED),
+                null /* broadcastPermission */,
+                mHandler);
+    }
+
+    private void onAirplaneModeChanged(boolean newAirplaneModeOn) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (mAirplaneModeOn == newAirplaneModeOn) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Airplane mode changed: " + mAirplaneModeOn + " -> " + newAirplaneModeOn);
+        mAirplaneModeOn = newAirplaneModeOn;
+
+        final boolean shouldEnableThread = shouldEnableThread();
+        final IOperationReceiver receiver =
+                new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onSuccess() {
+                        Log.d(
+                                TAG,
+                                (shouldEnableThread ? "Enabled" : "Disabled")
+                                        + " Thread due to airplane mode change");
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+                        Log.e(
+                                TAG,
+                                "Failed to "
+                                        + (shouldEnableThread ? "enable" : "disable")
+                                        + " Thread for airplane mode change");
+                    }
+                };
+        // Do not save the user restriction state to persistent settings so that the user
+        // configuration won't be overwritten
+        setEnabledInternal(
+                shouldEnableThread, false /* persist */, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver));
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if Airplane mode has been turned on. */
+    private boolean isAirplaneModeOn() {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(
+                        mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0)
+                == 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if Thread should be enabled based on current settings, runtime user
+     * restriction and airplane mode state.
+     */
+    private boolean shouldEnableThread() {
+        final boolean enabledInAirplaneMode =
+                mPersistentSettings.get(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE);
+
+        return !mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled
+                && !mUserRestricted
+                && (!mAirplaneModeOn || enabledInAirplaneMode)
+                && mPersistentSettings.get(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED);
+    }
+
     private void requestUpstreamNetwork() {
         if (mUpstreamNetworkCallback != null) {
             throw new AssertionError("The upstream network request is already there.");
@@ -826,6 +868,14 @@
 
     private static int selectChannel(
             int supportedChannelMask, int preferredChannelMask, Random random) {
+        // Due to radio hardware performance reasons, many Thread radio chips need to reduce their
+        // transmit power on edge channels to pass regulatory RF certification. Thread edge channel
+        // 25 and 26 are not preferred here.
+        //
+        // If users want to use channel 25 or 26, they can change the channel via the method
+        // ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder(activeOperationalDataset).setChannel(channel).build().
+        preferredChannelMask = preferredChannelMask & CHANNEL_MASK_11_TO_24;
+
         // If the preferred channel mask is not empty, select a random channel from it, otherwise
         // choose one from the supported channel mask.
         preferredChannelMask = preferredChannelMask & supportedChannelMask;
@@ -1043,7 +1093,7 @@
         checkOnHandlerThread();
 
         // Fails early to avoid waking up ot-daemon by the ThreadNetworkCountryCode class
-        if (!isEnabled()) {
+        if (!shouldEnableThread()) {
             receiver.onError(
                     ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED, "Can't set country code when Thread is disabled");
             return;
@@ -1172,20 +1222,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void handleAddressChanged(Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo, boolean isAdded) {
+    private void handleAddressChanged(List<Ipv6AddressInfo> addressInfoList) {
         checkOnHandlerThread();
-        InetAddress address = addressInfoToInetAddress(addressInfo);
-        if (address.isMulticastAddress()) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "Ignoring multicast address " + address.getHostAddress());
-            return;
-        }
 
-        LinkAddress linkAddress = newLinkAddress(addressInfo);
-        if (isAdded) {
-            mTunIfController.addAddress(linkAddress);
-        } else {
-            mTunIfController.removeAddress(linkAddress);
-        }
+        mTunIfController.updateAddresses(addressInfoList);
 
         // The OT daemon can send link property updates before the networkAgent is
         // registered
@@ -1534,8 +1574,8 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onAddressChanged(Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo, boolean isAdded) {
-            mHandler.post(() -> handleAddressChanged(addressInfo, isAdded));
+        public void onAddressChanged(List<Ipv6AddressInfo> addressInfoList) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleAddressChanged(addressInfoList));
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
index 8aaff60..f18aac9 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
@@ -63,6 +63,14 @@
     /** Stores the Thread feature toggle state, true for enabled and false for disabled. */
     public static final Key<Boolean> THREAD_ENABLED = new Key<>("thread_enabled", true);
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates that Thread was enabled (i.e. via the setEnabled() API) when the airplane mode is
+     * turned on in settings. When this value is {@code true}, the current airplane mode state will
+     * be ignored when evaluating the Thread enabled state.
+     */
+    public static final Key<Boolean> THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE =
+            new Key<>("thread_enabled_in_airplane_mode", false);
+
     /** Stores the Thread country code, null if no country code is stored. */
     public static final Key<String> THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE = new Key<>("thread_country_code", null);
 
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
index b29a54f..dec72b2 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EADDRINUSE;
+
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
@@ -29,12 +31,23 @@
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.RtNetlinkAddressMessage;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.Ipv6AddressInfo;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.MulticastSocket;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /** Controller for virtual/tunnel network interfaces. */
 public class TunInterfaceController {
@@ -51,12 +64,16 @@
     private ParcelFileDescriptor mParcelTunFd;
     private FileDescriptor mNetlinkSocket;
     private static int sNetlinkSeqNo = 0;
+    private final MulticastSocket mMulticastSocket; // For join group and leave group
+    private NetworkInterface mNetworkInterface;
+    private List<InetAddress> mMulticastAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
 
     /** Creates a new {@link TunInterfaceController} instance for given interface. */
     public TunInterfaceController(String interfaceName) {
         mIfName = interfaceName;
         mLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(mIfName);
         mLinkProperties.setMtu(MTU);
+        mMulticastSocket = createMulticastSocket();
     }
 
     /** Returns link properties of the Thread TUN interface. */
@@ -76,6 +93,11 @@
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IOException("Failed to create netlink socket", e);
         }
+        try {
+            mNetworkInterface = NetworkInterface.getByName(mIfName);
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to get NetworkInterface", e);
+        }
     }
 
     public void destroyTunInterface() {
@@ -87,6 +109,7 @@
         }
         mParcelTunFd = null;
         mNetlinkSocket = null;
+        mNetworkInterface = null;
     }
 
     /** Returns the FD of the tunnel interface. */
@@ -178,6 +201,48 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public void updateAddresses(List<Ipv6AddressInfo> addressInfoList) {
+        final List<LinkAddress> newLinkAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        final List<InetAddress> newMulticastAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        boolean hasActiveOmrAddress = false;
+
+        for (Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo : addressInfoList) {
+            if (addressInfo.isActiveOmr) {
+                hasActiveOmrAddress = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo : addressInfoList) {
+            InetAddress address = addressInfoToInetAddress(addressInfo);
+            if (address.isMulticastAddress()) {
+                newMulticastAddresses.add(address);
+            } else {
+                newLinkAddresses.add(newLinkAddress(addressInfo, hasActiveOmrAddress));
+            }
+        }
+
+        final CompareResult<LinkAddress> addressDiff =
+                new CompareResult<>(mLinkProperties.getAllLinkAddresses(), newLinkAddresses);
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddress : addressDiff.removed) {
+            removeAddress(linkAddress);
+        }
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddress : addressDiff.added) {
+            addAddress(linkAddress);
+        }
+
+        final CompareResult<InetAddress> multicastAddressDiff =
+                new CompareResult<>(mMulticastAddresses, newMulticastAddresses);
+        for (InetAddress address : multicastAddressDiff.removed) {
+            leaveGroup(address);
+        }
+        for (InetAddress address : multicastAddressDiff.added) {
+            joinGroup(address);
+        }
+        mMulticastAddresses.clear();
+        mMulticastAddresses.addAll(newMulticastAddresses);
+    }
+
     private RouteInfo getRouteForAddress(LinkAddress linkAddress) {
         return new RouteInfo(
                 new IpPrefix(linkAddress.getAddress(), linkAddress.getPrefixLength()),
@@ -195,4 +260,77 @@
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set Thread TUN interface down");
         }
     }
+
+    private static InetAddress addressInfoToInetAddress(Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo) {
+        return bytesToInet6Address(addressInfo.address);
+    }
+
+    private static Inet6Address bytesToInet6Address(byte[] addressBytes) {
+        try {
+            return (Inet6Address) Inet6Address.getByAddress(addressBytes);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            // This is unlikely to happen unless the Thread daemon is critically broken
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static LinkAddress newLinkAddress(
+            Ipv6AddressInfo addressInfo, boolean hasActiveOmrAddress) {
+        // Mesh-local addresses and OMR address have the same scope, to distinguish them we set
+        // mesh-local addresses as deprecated when there is an active OMR address.
+        // For OMR address and link-local address we only use the value isPreferred set by
+        // ot-daemon.
+        boolean isPreferred = addressInfo.isPreferred;
+        if (addressInfo.isMeshLocal && hasActiveOmrAddress) {
+            isPreferred = false;
+        }
+
+        final long deprecationTimeMillis =
+                isPreferred ? LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT : SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+
+        final InetAddress address = addressInfoToInetAddress(addressInfo);
+
+        // flags and scope will be adjusted automatically depending on the address and
+        // its lifetimes.
+        return new LinkAddress(
+                address,
+                addressInfo.prefixLength,
+                0 /* flags */,
+                0 /* scope */,
+                deprecationTimeMillis,
+                LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT /* expirationTime */);
+    }
+
+    private MulticastSocket createMulticastSocket() {
+        try {
+            return new MulticastSocket();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create multicast socket ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void joinGroup(InetAddress address) {
+        InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+        try {
+            mMulticastSocket.joinGroup(socketAddress, mNetworkInterface);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (e.getCause() instanceof ErrnoException) {
+                ErrnoException ee = (ErrnoException) e.getCause();
+                if (ee.errno == EADDRINUSE) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Already joined group" + address.getHostAddress(), e);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to join group " + address.getHostAddress(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void leaveGroup(InetAddress address) {
+        InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+        try {
+            mMulticastSocket.leaveGroup(socketAddress, mNetworkInterface);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to leave group " + address.getHostAddress(), e);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
index ba7392c..dea4279 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 import android.net.thread.utils.TapTestNetworkTracker;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
@@ -749,17 +751,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void setEnabled_toggleAfterJoin_joinsThreadNetworkAgain() throws Exception {
-        joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
-
-        setEnabledAndWait(mController, false);
-        assertThat(getDeviceRole(mController)).isEqualTo(DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED);
-        setEnabledAndWait(mController, true);
-
-        runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> waitForAttachedState(mController));
-    }
-
-    @Test
     public void setEnabled_enableFollowedByDisable_allSucceed() throws Exception {
         joinRandomizedDatasetAndWait(mController);
         CompletableFuture<Void> setFuture1 = new CompletableFuture<>();
@@ -792,10 +783,14 @@
     public void threadNetworkCallback_deviceAttached_threadNetworkIsAvailable() throws Exception {
         CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
         ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
-        NetworkRequest networkRequest =
-                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
-                        .build();
+        NetworkRequest.Builder networkRequestBuilder =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD);
+        // Before V, we need to explicitly set `NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK` capability to request
+        // a Thread network.
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
+            networkRequestBuilder.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+        }
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = networkRequestBuilder.build();
         ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback networkCallback =
                 new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
                     @Override
@@ -857,6 +852,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @Ignore("b/333649897: Enable this when it's not flaky at all")
     public void meshcopService_joinedNetwork_discoveredHasNetwork() throws Exception {
         setUpTestNetwork();
 
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp b/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
index 94985b1..71693af 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
         "testables",
         "ThreadNetworkTestUtils",
         "truth",
+        "ot-daemon-aidl-java",
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.test.runner",
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
index 9b1c338..8c63d37 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.JOIN_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getIpv6LinkAddresses;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isExpectedIcmpv6Packet;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isFromIpv6Source;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isInMulticastGroup;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
 import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
@@ -55,6 +59,7 @@
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
 import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
@@ -252,6 +257,21 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_meshLocalAddressesAreNotPreferred() throws Exception {
+        // When BR is enabled, there will be OMR address, so the mesh-local addresses are expected
+        // to be deprecated.
+        List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = getIpv6LinkAddresses("thread-wpan");
+        IpPrefix meshLocalPrefix = DEFAULT_DATASET.getMeshLocalPrefix();
+
+        for (LinkAddress address : linkAddresses) {
+            if (meshLocalPrefix.contains(address.getAddress())) {
+                assertThat(address.getDeprecationTime()).isAtMost(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
+                assertThat(address.isPreferred()).isFalse();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
     public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedMulticastAddress_infraLinkJoinsMulticastGroup()
             throws Exception {
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
index 5a8d21f..e10f134 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @Ignore("TODO: b/333806992 - Enable when it's not flaky at all")
     public void advertisingProxy_srpClientUnregistersService_serviceIsNotDiscoverableByMdns()
             throws Exception {
         /*
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
index d29e657..998e70d 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
@@ -21,14 +21,22 @@
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.CALLBACK_TIMEOUT;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.RESTART_JOIN_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getIpv6LinkAddresses;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isInMulticastGroup;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
+import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.TUN_IF_NAME;
 
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
 import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
@@ -65,6 +73,9 @@
     // The byte[] buffer size for UDP tests
     private static final int UDP_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
 
+    // The maximum time for OT addresses to be propagated to the TUN interface "thread-wpan"
+    private static final Duration TUN_ADDR_UPDATE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
+
     // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset init new".
     private static final byte[] DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS =
             base16().decode(
@@ -76,6 +87,9 @@
     private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_DATASET =
             ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS);
 
+    private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS =
+            (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff02::2");
+
     @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
 
     private ExecutorService mExecutor;
@@ -149,16 +163,22 @@
         assertThat(ifconfig).doesNotContain("inet6 addr");
     }
 
+    // TODO (b/323300829): add test for removing an OT address
     @Test
     public void tunInterface_joinedNetwork_otAddressesAddedToTunInterface() throws Exception {
         mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
 
-        String ifconfig = runShellCommand("ifconfig thread-wpan");
         List<Inet6Address> otAddresses = mOtCtl.getAddresses();
         assertThat(otAddresses).isNotEmpty();
-        for (Inet6Address otAddress : otAddresses) {
-            assertThat(ifconfig).contains(otAddress.getHostAddress());
-        }
+        // TODO: it's cleaner to have a retry() method to retry failed asserts in given delay so
+        // that we can write assertThat() in the Predicate
+        waitFor(
+                () -> {
+                    String ifconfig = runShellCommand("ifconfig thread-wpan");
+                    return otAddresses.stream()
+                            .allMatch(addr -> ifconfig.contains(addr.getHostAddress()));
+                },
+                TUN_ADDR_UPDATE_TIMEOUT);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -191,6 +211,48 @@
         assertThat(udpReply).isEqualTo("Hello,Thread");
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void joinNetworkWithBrDisabled_meshLocalAddressesArePreferred() throws Exception {
+        // When BR feature is disabled, there is no OMR address, so the mesh-local addresses are
+        // expected to be preferred.
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("br disable");
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        IpPrefix meshLocalPrefix = DEFAULT_DATASET.getMeshLocalPrefix();
+        List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = getIpv6LinkAddresses("thread-wpan");
+        for (LinkAddress address : linkAddresses) {
+            if (meshLocalPrefix.contains(address.getAddress())) {
+                assertThat(address.getDeprecationTime())
+                        .isGreaterThan(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
+                assertThat(address.isPreferred()).isTrue();
+            }
+        }
+
+        mOtCtl.executeCommand("br enable");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void joinNetwork_tunInterfaceJoinsAllRouterMulticastGroup() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        assertTunInterfaceMemberOfGroup(GROUP_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void edPingsMeshLocalAddresses_oneReplyPerRequest() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        startFtdChild(mFtd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        List<Inet6Address> meshLocalAddresses = mOtCtl.getMeshLocalAddresses();
+
+        for (Inet6Address address : meshLocalAddresses) {
+            assertWithMessage(
+                            "There may be duplicated replies of ping request to "
+                                    + address.getHostAddress())
+                    .that(mFtd.ping(address, 2))
+                    .isEqualTo(2);
+        }
+    }
+
     // TODO (b/323300829): add more tests for integration with linux platform and
     // ConnectivityService
 
@@ -226,4 +288,8 @@
             throw new IllegalStateException(e);
         }
     }
+
+    private void assertTunInterfaceMemberOfGroup(Inet6Address address) throws Exception {
+        waitFor(() -> isInMulticastGroup(TUN_IF_NAME, address), TUN_ADDR_UPDATE_TIMEOUT);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
index 5e70f6c..3a31ea5 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@
     private static final int PING_SIZE = 100;
     // There may not be a response for the ping command, using a short timeout to keep the tests
     // short.
-    private static final float PING_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 0.1f;
+    private static final float PING_TIMEOUT_0_1_SECOND = 0.1f;
+    // 1 second timeout should be used when response is expected.
+    private static final float PING_TIMEOUT_1_SECOND = 1f;
 
     private final Process mProcess;
     private final BufferedReader mReader;
@@ -408,7 +410,7 @@
                 1 /* count */,
                 PING_INTERVAL,
                 HOP_LIMIT,
-                PING_TIMEOUT_SECONDS);
+                PING_TIMEOUT_0_1_SECOND);
     }
 
     public void ping(Inet6Address address) {
@@ -419,10 +421,24 @@
                 1 /* count */,
                 PING_INTERVAL,
                 HOP_LIMIT,
-                PING_TIMEOUT_SECONDS);
+                PING_TIMEOUT_0_1_SECOND);
     }
 
-    private void ping(
+    /** Returns the number of ping reply packets received. */
+    public int ping(Inet6Address address, int count) {
+        List<String> output =
+                ping(
+                        address,
+                        null,
+                        PING_SIZE,
+                        count,
+                        PING_INTERVAL,
+                        HOP_LIMIT,
+                        PING_TIMEOUT_1_SECOND);
+        return getReceivedPacketsCount(output);
+    }
+
+    private List<String> ping(
             Inet6Address address,
             Inet6Address source,
             int size,
@@ -445,7 +461,21 @@
                         + hopLimit
                         + " "
                         + timeout;
-        executeCommand(cmd);
+        return executeCommand(cmd);
+    }
+
+    private int getReceivedPacketsCount(List<String> stringList) {
+        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("([\\d]+) packets received");
+
+        for (String message : stringList) {
+            Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(message);
+            if (matcher.find()) {
+                String packetCountStr = matcher.group(1);
+                return Integer.parseInt(packetCountStr);
+            }
+        }
+        // No match found
+        return -1;
     }
 
     @FormatMethod
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
index 2237e65..9be9566 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 
 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
 
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@
      */
     public static void waitFor(Supplier<Boolean> condition, Duration timeout)
             throws TimeoutException {
-        final long intervalMills = 1000;
+        final long intervalMills = 500;
         final long timeoutMills = timeout.toMillis();
 
         for (long i = 0; i < timeoutMills; i += intervalMills) {
@@ -291,6 +293,20 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    public static List<LinkAddress> getIpv6LinkAddresses(String interfaceName) throws IOException {
+        List<LinkAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        final String cmd = " ip -6 addr show dev " + interfaceName;
+        final String output = runShellCommandOrThrow(cmd);
+
+        for (final String line : output.split("\\n")) {
+            if (line.contains("inet6")) {
+                addresses.add(parseAddressLine(line));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
     /** Return the first discovered service of {@code serviceType}. */
     public static NsdServiceInfo discoverService(NsdManager nsdManager, String serviceType)
             throws Exception {
@@ -392,4 +408,29 @@
         @Override
         public void onServiceInfoCallbackUnregistered() {}
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a line of output from "ip -6 addr show" into a {@link LinkAddress}.
+     *
+     * <p>Example line: "inet6 2001:db8:1:1::1/64 scope global deprecated"
+     */
+    private static LinkAddress parseAddressLine(String line) {
+        String[] parts = line.trim().split("\\s+");
+        String addressString = parts[1];
+        String[] pieces = addressString.split("/", 2);
+        int prefixLength = Integer.parseInt(pieces[1]);
+        final InetAddress address = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(pieces[0]);
+        long deprecationTimeMillis =
+                line.contains("deprecated")
+                        ? SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+                        : LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT;
+
+        return new LinkAddress(
+                address,
+                prefixLength,
+                0 /* flags */,
+                0 /* scope */,
+                deprecationTimeMillis,
+                LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT /* expirationTime */);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml b/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
index ace7c52..8442e80 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     package="android.net.thread.unittests">
 
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
+
     <application android:debuggable="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
     </application>
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
index 85b6873..52a9dd9 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager.PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED;
 
 import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadNetworkCountryCode.DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE;
+import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE;
 import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
 
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
@@ -64,6 +66,8 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.util.AtomicFile;
 
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
@@ -75,7 +79,9 @@
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.testing.FakeOtDaemon;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Captor;
@@ -115,7 +121,11 @@
     private static final String DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME = "thread-wpan0";
     private static final int OT_ERROR_NONE = 0;
     private static final int DEFAULT_SUPPORTED_CHANNEL_MASK = 0x07FFF800; // from channel 11 to 26
-    private static final int DEFAULT_PREFERRED_CHANNEL_MASK = 0x00000800; // channel 11
+
+    // The DEFAULT_PREFERRED_CHANNEL_MASK is the ot-daemon preferred channel mask. Channel 25 and
+    // 26 are not preferred by dataset. The ThreadNetworkControllerService will only select channel
+    // 11 when it creates randomized dataset.
+    private static final int DEFAULT_PREFERRED_CHANNEL_MASK = 0x06000800; // channel 11, 25 and 26
     private static final int DEFAULT_SELECTED_CHANNEL = 11;
     private static final byte[] DEFAULT_SUPPORTED_CHANNEL_MASK_ARRAY = base16().decode("001FFFE0");
 
@@ -129,7 +139,6 @@
     @Mock private TunInterfaceController mMockTunIfController;
     @Mock private ParcelFileDescriptor mMockTunFd;
     @Mock private InfraInterfaceController mMockInfraIfController;
-    @Mock private ThreadPersistentSettings mMockPersistentSettings;
     @Mock private NsdPublisher mMockNsdPublisher;
     @Mock private UserManager mMockUserManager;
     @Mock private IBinder mIBinder;
@@ -139,11 +148,15 @@
     private Context mContext;
     private TestLooper mTestLooper;
     private FakeOtDaemon mFakeOtDaemon;
+    private ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
     private ThreadNetworkControllerService mService;
     @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<ActiveOperationalDataset> mActiveDatasetCaptor;
 
+    @Rule(order = 1)
+    public final TemporaryFolder tempFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
     @Before
-    public void setUp() {
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
         mContext = spy(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
@@ -160,10 +173,12 @@
         mFakeOtDaemon = new FakeOtDaemon(handler);
         when(mMockTunIfController.getTunFd()).thenReturn(mMockTunFd);
 
-        when(mMockPersistentSettings.get(any())).thenReturn(true);
         when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(false);
 
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+
         when(mConnectivityResources.get()).thenReturn(mResources);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(true);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui)))
@@ -171,6 +186,10 @@
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_model_name)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_MODEL_NAME);
 
+        final AtomicFile storageFile = new AtomicFile(tempFolder.newFile("thread_settings.xml"));
+        mPersistentSettings = new ThreadPersistentSettings(storageFile, mConnectivityResources);
+        mPersistentSettings.initialize();
+
         mService =
                 new ThreadNetworkControllerService(
                         mContext,
@@ -180,7 +199,7 @@
                         mMockConnectivityManager,
                         mMockTunIfController,
                         mMockInfraIfController,
-                        mMockPersistentSettings,
+                        mPersistentSettings,
                         mMockNsdPublisher,
                         mMockUserManager,
                         mConnectivityResources,
@@ -339,15 +358,9 @@
 
     @Test
     public void userRestriction_userBecomesRestricted_stateIsDisabledButNotPersisted() {
-        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef = new AtomicReference<>();
         when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(false);
-        doAnswer(
-                        invocation -> {
-                            receiverRef.set((BroadcastReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[0]);
-                            return null;
-                        })
-                .when(mContext)
-                .registerReceiver(any(BroadcastReceiver.class), any(), any(), any());
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED);
         mService.initialize();
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
@@ -356,21 +369,14 @@
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
         assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_DISABLED);
-        verify(mMockPersistentSettings, never())
-                .put(eq(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED.key), eq(false));
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.get(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void userRestriction_userBecomesNotRestricted_stateIsEnabledButNotPersisted() {
-        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+    public void userRestriction_userBecomesNotRestricted_stateIsEnabled() {
         when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(true);
-        doAnswer(
-                        invocation -> {
-                            receiverRef.set((BroadcastReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[0]);
-                            return null;
-                        })
-                .when(mContext)
-                .registerReceiver(any(BroadcastReceiver.class), any(), any(), any());
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED);
         mService.initialize();
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
@@ -379,8 +385,6 @@
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
         assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
-        verify(mMockPersistentSettings, never())
-                .put(eq(ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED.key), eq(true));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -397,6 +401,118 @@
         assertThat(failure.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_initWithAirplaneModeOn_otDaemonNotStarted() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.isInitialized()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_initWithAirplaneModeOff_threadIsEnabled() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_changesFromOffToOn_stateIsDisabled() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_changesFromOnToOff_stateIsEnabled() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_setEnabledWhenAirplaneModeIsOn_WillNotAutoDisableSecondTime() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setEnabledFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mService.initialize();
+
+        mService.setEnabled(true, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_ENABLED);
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void airplaneMode_setDisabledWhenAirplaneModeIsOn_WillAutoDisableSecondTime() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef =
+                captureBroadcastReceiver(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> setEnabledFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mService.initialize();
+        mService.setEnabled(true, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        mService.setEnabled(false, newOperationReceiver(setEnabledFuture));
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 0);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, 1);
+        receiverRef.get().onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getEnabledState()).isEqualTo(STATE_DISABLED);
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED_IN_AIRPLANE_MODE)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    private AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> captureBroadcastReceiver(String action) {
+        AtomicReference<BroadcastReceiver> receiverRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+        doAnswer(
+                        invocation -> {
+                            receiverRef.set((BroadcastReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[0]);
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mContext)
+                .registerReceiver(
+                        any(BroadcastReceiver.class),
+                        argThat(actualIntentFilter -> actualIntentFilter.hasAction(action)),
+                        any(),
+                        any());
+
+        return receiverRef;
+    }
+
     private static IOperationReceiver newOperationReceiver(CompletableFuture<Void> future) {
         return new IOperationReceiver.Stub() {
             @Override
diff --git a/tools/aospify_device.sh b/tools/aospify_device.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f25ac9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/aospify_device.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Script to swap core networking modules in a GMS userdebug device to AOSP modules, by remounting
+# the system partition and replacing module prebuilts. This is only to be used for local testing,
+# and should only be used on userdebug devices that support "adb root" and remounting the system
+# partition using overlayfs.
+#
+# Usage: aospify_device.sh [device_serial]
+# Reset by wiping data (adb reboot bootloader && fastboot erase userdata && fastboot reboot).
+#
+# This applies to NetworkStack, CaptivePortalLogin, dnsresolver, tethering, cellbroadcast modules,
+# which generally need to be preloaded together (core networking modules + cellbroadcast which
+# shares its certificates with NetworkStack and CaptivePortalLogin)
+#
+# This allows device manufacturers to test their changes in AOSP modules, running them on their
+# own device builds, before contributing contributing the patches to AOSP. After running this script
+# once AOSP modules can be quickly built and updated on the prepared device with:
+#   m NetworkStack
+#   adb install --staged $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/priv-app/NetworkStack/NetworkStack.apk \
+#   adb reboot
+# or for APEX modules:
+#   m com.android.tethering deapexer
+#   $ANDROID_HOST_OUT/bin/deapexer decompress --input $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/apex/com.android.tethering.capex --output /tmp/decompressed.apex
+#   adb install /tmp/decompressed.apex && adb reboot
+#
+# This has been tested on Android T and Android U Pixel devices. On recent (U+) devices, it requires
+# setting a released target SDK (for example target_sdk_version: "34") in
+# packages/modules/Connectivity/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp before building.
+set -e
+
+function push_apex {
+    local original_apex_name=$1
+    local aosp_apex_name=$2
+    if $ADB_CMD shell ls /system/apex/$original_apex_name.capex 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+        $ADB_CMD shell rm /system/apex/$original_apex_name.capex
+        $ADB_CMD push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/apex/$aosp_apex_name.capex /system/apex/
+    else
+        rm -f /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex
+        $ANDROID_HOST_OUT/bin/deapexer decompress --input $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/apex/$aosp_apex_name.capex --output /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex
+        $ADB_CMD shell rm /system/apex/$original_apex_name.apex
+        $ADB_CMD push /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex /system/apex/$aosp_apex_name.apex
+        rm /tmp/decompressed_$aosp_apex_name.apex
+    fi
+}
+
+function push_apk {
+    local app_type=$1
+    local original_apk_name=$2
+    local aosp_apk_name=$3
+    $ADB_CMD shell rm /system/$app_type/$original_apk_name/$original_apk_name.apk
+    $ADB_CMD push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/$app_type/$aosp_apk_name/$aosp_apk_name.apk /system/$app_type/$original_apk_name/
+}
+
+NETWORKSTACK_AOSP_SEPOLICY_KEY="<signer signature=\"308205dc308203c4a003020102020900fc6cb0d8a6fdd16\
+8300d06092a864886f70d01010b0500308181310b30090603550406130255533113301106035504080c0a43616c69666f72\
+6e69613116301406035504070c0d4d6f756e7461696e20566965773110300e060355040a0c07416e64726f69643110300e0\
+60355040b0c07416e64726f69643121301f06035504030c18636f6d2e616e64726f69642e6e6574776f726b737461636b30\
+20170d3139303231323031343632305a180f34373537303130383031343632305a308181310b30090603550406130255533\
+113301106035504080c0a43616c69666f726e69613116301406035504070c0d4d6f756e7461696e20566965773110300e06\
+0355040a0c07416e64726f69643110300e060355040b0c07416e64726f69643121301f06035504030c18636f6d2e616e647\
+26f69642e6e6574776f726b737461636b30820222300d06092a864886f70d01010105000382020f003082020a0282020100\
+bb71f5137ff0b2d757acc2ca3d378e0f8de11090d5caf3d49e314d35c283b778b02d792d8eba440364ca970985441660f0b\
+c00afbc63dd611b1bf51ad28a1edd21e0048f548b80f8bd113e25682822f57dab8273afaf12c64d19a0c6be238f3e66ddc7\
+9b10fd926931e3ee60a7bf618644da3c2c4fc428139d45d27beda7fe45e30075b493ead6ec01cdd55d931c0a657e2e59742\
+ca632b6dc3842a2deb7d22443c809291d7a549203ae6ae356582a4ca23f30f0549c4ec8408a75278e95c69e8390ad5280bc\
+efaef6f1309a41bd9f3bfb5d12dca7e79ec6fd6848193fa9ab728224887b4f93e985ec7cbf6401b0e863a4b91c05d046f04\
+0fe954004b1645954fcb4114cee1e8b64b47d719a19ef4c001cb183f7f3e166e43f56d68047c3440da34fdf529d44274b8b\
+2f6afb345091ad8ad4b93bd5c55d52286a5d3c157465db8ddf62e7cdb6b10fb18888046afdd263ae6f2125d9065759c7e42\
+f8610a6746edbdc547d4301612eeec3c3cbd124dececc8d38b20e73b13f24ee7ca13a98c5f61f0c81b07d2b519749bc2bcb\
+9e0949aef6c118a3e8125e6ab57fce46bb091a66740e10b31c740b891900c0ecda9cc69ecb4f3369998b175106dd0a4ffd7\
+024eb7e75fedd1a5b131d0bb2b40c63491e3cf86b8957b21521b3a96ed1376a51a6ac697866b0256dee1bcd9ab9a188bf4c\
+ed80b59a5f24c2da9a55eb7b0e502116e30203010001a3533051301d0603551d0e041604149383c92cfbf099d5c47b0c365\
+7d8622a084b72e1301f0603551d230418301680149383c92cfbf099d5c47b0c3657d8622a084b72e1300f0603551d130101\
+ff040530030101ff300d06092a864886f70d01010b050003820201006a0501382fde2a6b8f70c60cd1b8ee4f788718c288b\
+170258ef3a96230b65005650d6a4c42a59a97b2ddec502413e7b438fbd060363d74b74a232382a7f77fd3da34e38f79fad0\
+35a8b472c5cff365818a0118d87fa1e31cc7ed4befd27628760c290980c3cc3b7ff0cfd01b75ff1fcc83e981b5b25a54d85\
+b68a80424ac26015fb3a4c754969a71174c0bc283f6c88191dced609e245f5938ffd0ad799198e2d0bf6342221c1b0a5d33\
+2ed2fffc668982cabbcb7d3b630ff8476e5c84ac0ad37adf9224035200039f95ec1fa95bf83796c0e8986135cee2dcaef19\
+0b249855a7e7397d4a0bf17ea63d978589c6b48118a381fffbd790c44d80233e2e35292a3b5533ca3f2cc173f85cf904adf\
+e2e4e2183dc1eba0ebae07b839a81ff1bc92e292550957c8599af21e9c0497b9234ce345f3f508b1cc872aa55ddb5e773c5\
+c7dd6577b9a8b6daed20ae1ff4b8206fd9f5c8f5a22ba1980bef01ae6fcb2659b97ad5b985fa81c019ffe008ddd9c8130c0\
+6fc6032b2149c2209fc438a7e8c3b20ce03650ad31c4ee48f169777a0ae182b72ca31b81540f61f167d8d7adf4f6bb2330f\
+f5c24037245000d8172c12ab5d5aa5890b8b12db0f0e7296264eb66e7f9714c31004649fb4b864005f9c43c80db3f6de52f\
+d44d6e2036bfe7f5807156ed5ab591d06fd6bb93ba4334ea2739af8b41ed2686454e60b666d10738bb7ba88001\">\
+<seinfo value=\"network_stack\"\/><\/signer>"
+
+DEVICE=$1
+ADB_CMD="adb -s $DEVICE"
+
+if [ -z "$DEVICE" ]; then
+    echo "Usage: aospify_device.sh [device_serial]"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$ANDROID_BUILD_TOP" ]; then
+    echo "Run build/envsetup.sh first to set ANDROID_BUILD_TOP"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! $ADB_CMD wait-for-device shell pm path com.google.android.networkstack; then
+    echo "This device is already not using GMS modules"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+read -p "This script is only for test purposes and highly likely to make your device unusable. \
+Continue ? <y/N>" prompt
+if [[ $prompt != "y" ]]
+then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+cd $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP
+source build/envsetup.sh
+lunch aosp_arm64-trunk_staging-userdebug
+m NetworkStack CaptivePortalLogin com.android.tethering com.android.cellbroadcast \
+    com.android.resolv deapexer \
+    out/target/product/generic_arm64/system/etc/selinux/plat_mac_permissions.xml \
+    out/target/product/generic_arm64/system/etc/permissions/com.android.networkstack.xml
+
+$ADB_CMD root
+$ADB_CMD remount
+$ADB_CMD reboot
+
+echo "Waiting for boot..."
+$ADB_CMD wait-for-device;
+until [[ $($ADB_CMD shell getprop sys.boot_completed) == 1 ]]; do
+    sleep 1;
+done
+
+$ADB_CMD root
+$ADB_CMD remount
+
+push_apk priv-app NetworkStackGoogle NetworkStack
+push_apk app CaptivePortalLoginGoogle CaptivePortalLogin
+push_apex com.google.android.tethering com.android.tethering
+push_apex com.google.android.cellbroadcast com.android.cellbroadcast
+push_apex com.google.android.resolv com.android.resolv
+
+# Replace the network_stack key used to set its sepolicy context
+rm -f /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml
+$ADB_CMD pull /system/etc/selinux/plat_mac_permissions.xml /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml
+sed_replace='s/<signer signature="[0-9a-fA-F]+"><seinfo value="network_stack"\/><\/signer>/'$NETWORKSTACK_AOSP_SEPOLICY_KEY'/'
+sed -E "$sed_replace" /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml |
+    $ADB_CMD shell 'cat > /system/etc/selinux/plat_mac_permissions.xml'
+rm /tmp/pulled_plat_mac_permissions.xml
+
+# Update the networkstack privapp-permissions allowlist
+rm -f /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml
+$ADB_CMD pull /system/etc/permissions/privapp-permissions-google.xml /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml
+
+# Remove last </permission> line, and the permissions for com.google.android.networkstack
+sed -nE '1,/<\/permissions>/p' /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml \
+    | sed -E '/com.google.android.networkstack/,/privapp-permissions/d' > /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+# Add the AOSP permissions and re-add the </permissions> line
+sed -nE '/com.android.networkstack/,/privapp-permissions/p' $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/etc/permissions/com.android.networkstack.xml \
+    >> /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+echo '</permissions>' >> /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+
+$ADB_CMD push /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml /system/etc/permissions/privapp-permissions-google.xml
+
+rm /tmp/pulled_privapp-permissions.xml /tmp/modified_privapp-permissions.xml
+
+echo "Done modifying, rebooting"
+$ADB_CMD reboot
\ No newline at end of file