diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index 243e4ca..f22d4b7 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public boolean isActiveNetworkMetered();
     method public boolean isDefaultNetworkActive();
     method @Deprecated public static boolean isNetworkTypeValid(int);
+    method public void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index b04e248..bb29647 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,14 @@
   public class ConnectivityManager {
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot> getAllNetworkStateSnapshot();
     method @NonNull public static android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getIpSecNetIdRange();
+    method @NonNull public static String getPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull android.content.Context);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void requestBackgroundNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.os.Handler, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void simulateDataStall(int, long, @NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
+    field public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF = "off";
+    field public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
+    field public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME = "hostname";
   }
 
   public final class NetworkAgentConfig implements android.os.Parcelable {
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index a98f14e..4dca411 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, int, int, @NonNull android.os.Handler, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAirplaneMode(boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE) public void setOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.net.OemNetworkPreferences, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE) public void setOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.net.OemNetworkPreferences, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public boolean shouldAvoidBadWifi();
     method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.Bundle);
     method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void startTethering(int, boolean, android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback);
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@
     method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback);
     field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC";
     field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT";
+    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
@@ -78,10 +80,6 @@
     field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_WIFI_P2P = 13; // 0xd
   }
 
-  public static interface ConnectivityManager.OnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener {
-    method public void onComplete();
-  }
-
   @Deprecated public abstract static class ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback {
     ctor @Deprecated public ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback();
     method @Deprecated public void onTetheringFailed();
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index aec6b0a..9cd3179 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@
 import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN_FOR_BEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST;
-import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_BEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException;
+import static android.provider.Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE;
+import static android.provider.Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE;
 
 import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -31,11 +33,13 @@
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
+import android.annotation.StringDef;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.SystemService;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
@@ -60,9 +64,11 @@
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 import android.os.ServiceManager;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Range;
@@ -802,24 +808,27 @@
     /**
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF = "off";
     /**
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
     /**
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME = "hostname";
-    /**
-     * The default Private DNS mode.
-     *
-     * This may change from release to release or may become dependent upon
-     * the capabilities of the underlying platform.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE_FALLBACK = PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @StringDef(value = {
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF,
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC,
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME,
+    })
+    public @interface PrivateDnsMode {}
 
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
     private final IConnectivityManager mService;
@@ -963,6 +972,33 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Preference for {@link #setNetworkPreferenceForUser(UserHandle, int, Executor, Runnable)}.
+     * Specify that the traffic for this user should by follow the default rules.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Preference for {@link #setNetworkPreferenceForUser(UserHandle, int, Executor, Runnable)}.
+     * Specify that the traffic for this user should by default go on a network with
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE}, and on the system default network
+     * if no such network is available.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE
+    })
+    public @interface ProfileNetworkPreference {
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Specifies the preferred network type.  When the device has more
      * than one type available the preferred network type will be used.
      *
@@ -4233,15 +4269,33 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * @hide
+     * Registers to receive notifications about the best matching network which satisfy the given
+     * {@link NetworkRequest}.  The callbacks will continue to be called until
+     * either the application exits or {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is
+     * called.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * {@link #registerNetworkCallback} and its variants and {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as suitable
+     *                        networks change state.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
-    // TODO: Make it public api.
     @SuppressLint("ExecutorRegistration")
     public void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
             @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback, @NonNull Handler handler) {
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
         final CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
-        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, 0, TRACK_BEST, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, 0, LISTEN_FOR_BEST, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -5041,19 +5095,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Listener for {@link #setOemNetworkPreference(OemNetworkPreferences, Executor,
-     * OnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener)}.
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    public interface OnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener {
-        /**
-         * Called when setOemNetworkPreference() successfully completes.
-         */
-        void onComplete();
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Used by automotive devices to set the network preferences used to direct traffic at an
      * application level as per the given OemNetworkPreferences. An example use-case would be an
      * automotive OEM wanting to provide connectivity for applications critical to the usage of a
@@ -5075,16 +5116,16 @@
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE)
     public void setOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference,
             @Nullable @CallbackExecutor final Executor executor,
-            @Nullable final OnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener listener) {
+            @Nullable final Runnable listener) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(preference, "OemNetworkPreferences must be non-null");
         if (null != listener) {
             Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Executor must be non-null");
         }
-        final IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener listenerInternal = listener == null ? null :
-                new IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener.Stub() {
+        final IOnCompleteListener listenerInternal = listener == null ? null :
+                new IOnCompleteListener.Stub() {
                     @Override
                     public void onComplete() {
-                        executor.execute(listener::onComplete);
+                        executor.execute(listener::run);
                     }
         };
 
@@ -5096,10 +5137,56 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Request that a user profile is put by default on a network matching a given preference.
+     *
+     * See the documentation for the individual preferences for a description of the supported
+     * behaviors.
+     *
+     * @param profile the profile concerned.
+     * @param preference the preference for this profile.
+     * @param executor an executor to execute the listener on. Optional if listener is null.
+     * @param listener an optional listener to listen for completion of the operation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code profile} is not a valid user profile.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // This function is for establishing per-profile default networking and can only be called by
+    // the device policy manager, running as the system server. It would make no sense to call it
+    // on a context for a user because it does not establish a setting on behalf of a user, rather
+    // it establishes a setting for a user on behalf of the DPM.
+    @SuppressLint({"UserHandle"})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull final UserHandle profile,
+            @ProfileNetworkPreference final int preference,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor final Executor executor,
+            @Nullable final Runnable listener) {
+        if (null != listener) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Pass a non-null executor, or a null listener");
+        }
+        final IOnCompleteListener proxy;
+        if (null == listener) {
+            proxy = null;
+        } else {
+            proxy = new IOnCompleteListener.Stub() {
+                @Override
+                public void onComplete() {
+                    executor.execute(listener::run);
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        try {
+            mService.setProfileNetworkPreference(profile, preference, proxy);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
     // The first network ID of IPSec tunnel interface.
-    private static final int TUN_INTF_NETID_START = 0xFC00;
+    private static final int TUN_INTF_NETID_START = 0xFC00; // 0xFC00 = 64512
     // The network ID range of IPSec tunnel interface.
-    private static final int TUN_INTF_NETID_RANGE = 0x0400;
+    private static final int TUN_INTF_NETID_RANGE = 0x0400; // 0x0400 = 1024
 
     /**
      * Get the network ID range reserved for IPSec tunnel interfaces.
@@ -5112,4 +5199,26 @@
     public static Range<Integer> getIpSecNetIdRange() {
         return new Range(TUN_INTF_NETID_START, TUN_INTF_NETID_START + TUN_INTF_NETID_RANGE - 1);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get private DNS mode from settings.
+     *
+     * @param context The Context to get its ContentResolver to query the private DNS mode from
+     *                settings.
+     * @return A string of private DNS mode as one of the PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_* constants.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @NonNull
+    @PrivateDnsMode
+    public static String getPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final ContentResolver cr = context.getContentResolver();
+        String mode = Settings.Global.getString(cr, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE);
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mode)) mode = Settings.Global.getString(cr, PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE);
+        // If both PRIVATE_DNS_MODE and PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE are not set, choose
+        // PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC as default mode.
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mode)) mode = PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+        return mode;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index 1bbf1a9..d83cc16 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 import android.net.ConnectionInfo;
 import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager;
 import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
-import android.net.IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener;
+import android.net.IOnCompleteListener;
 import android.net.INetworkActivityListener;
 import android.net.IQosCallback;
 import android.net.ISocketKeepaliveCallback;
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 
 import com.android.connectivity.aidl.INetworkAgent;
 
@@ -215,5 +216,8 @@
     void unregisterQosCallback(in IQosCallback callback);
 
     void setOemNetworkPreference(in OemNetworkPreferences preference,
-            in IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener listener);
+            in IOnCompleteListener listener);
+
+    void setProfileNetworkPreference(in UserHandle profile, int preference,
+            in IOnCompleteListener listener);
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index 7979afc..0000000
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/**
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net;
-
-/** @hide */
-oneway interface IOnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener {
-    void onComplete();
-}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/Network.java b/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
index 46141e0..7245db3 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
 import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
-import com.android.okhttp.internalandroidapi.Dns;
-import com.android.okhttp.internalandroidapi.HttpURLConnectionFactory;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+import libcore.net.http.Dns;
+import libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionFactory;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
         // Set configuration on the HttpURLConnectionFactory that will be good for all
         // connections created by this Network. Configuration that might vary is left
         // until openConnection() and passed as arguments.
-        HttpURLConnectionFactory urlConnectionFactory = new HttpURLConnectionFactory();
+        HttpURLConnectionFactory urlConnectionFactory = HttpURLConnectionFactory.createInstance();
         urlConnectionFactory.setDns(dnsLookup); // Let traffic go via dnsLookup
         // A private connection pool just for this Network.
         urlConnectionFactory.setNewConnectionPool(httpMaxConnections,
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index 3fd95ee..dbe3ecc 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
         REQUEST,
         BACKGROUND_REQUEST,
         TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT,
-        TRACK_BEST,
+        LISTEN_FOR_BEST,
     };
 
     /**
@@ -514,6 +514,15 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Returns true iff. this NetworkRequest is of type LISTEN_FOR_BEST.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isListenForBest() {
+        return type == Type.LISTEN_FOR_BEST;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Returns true iff. the contained NetworkRequest is one that:
      *
      *     - should be associated with at most one satisfying network
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.java b/framework/src/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.java
index 48bd297..5a76cd6 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.java
@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@
     private final Bundle mNetworkMappings;
 
     /**
+     * Return whether this object is empty.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return mNetworkMappings.keySet().size() == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Return the currently built application package name to {@link OemNetworkPreference} mappings.
      * @return the current network preferences map.
      */
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/VpnTransportInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/VpnTransportInfo.java
index c510079..cd8f4c0 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/VpnTransportInfo.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/VpnTransportInfo.java
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
-import android.util.SparseArray;
-
-import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -38,9 +35,6 @@
  */
 @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
 public final class VpnTransportInfo implements TransportInfo, Parcelable {
-    private static final SparseArray<String> sTypeToString =
-            MessageUtils.findMessageNames(new Class[]{VpnManager.class}, new String[]{"TYPE_VPN_"});
-
     /** Type of this VPN. */
     public final int type;
 
@@ -63,8 +57,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        final String typeString = sTypeToString.get(type, "VPN_TYPE_???");
-        return String.format("VpnTransportInfo{%s}", typeString);
+        return String.format("VpnTransportInfo{type=%d}", type);
     }
 
     @Override