diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
index 8cacb43..0248f97 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@
     private static final int DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS = 5;
     private static final int COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS = 5000;
     private static final int FAIL_RATE_PERCENTAGE = 100;
+    private static final int UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD = 4;
+    private static final int FILTERED_UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD = 0;
 
     private static final Executor INLINE_EXECUTOR = x -> x.run();
 
@@ -193,9 +195,28 @@
         verifyOnDataStallSuspected(DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS, TIMESTAMP, extras);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testOnDataStallSuspected_UnknownDetectionMethod() throws Exception {
+        verifyOnDataStallSuspected(
+                UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD,
+                FILTERED_UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD,
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                PersistableBundle.EMPTY);
+    }
+
     private void verifyOnDataStallSuspected(
             int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras)
             throws Exception {
+        // Input detection method is expected to match received detection method
+        verifyOnDataStallSuspected(detectionMethod, detectionMethod, timestampMillis, extras);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyOnDataStallSuspected(
+            int inputDetectionMethod,
+            int expectedDetectionMethod,
+            long timestampMillis,
+            @NonNull PersistableBundle extras)
+            throws Exception {
         mTestNetwork = setUpTestNetwork();
 
         final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb = new TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
@@ -208,11 +229,11 @@
 
         runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
                 () -> mConnectivityManager.simulateDataStall(
-                        detectionMethod, timestampMillis, mTestNetwork, extras),
+                        inputDetectionMethod, timestampMillis, mTestNetwork, extras),
                 android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
 
         cb.expectOnDataStallSuspected(
-                mTestNetwork, interfaceName, detectionMethod, timestampMillis, extras);
+                mTestNetwork, interfaceName, expectedDetectionMethod, timestampMillis, extras);
         cb.assertNoCallback();
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IkeTunUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IkeTunUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc25292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IkeTunUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.BytePayload;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UdpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.getIpHeader;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+// TODO: Merge this with the version in the IPsec module (IKEv2 library) CTS tests.
+/** An extension of the TunUtils class with IKE-specific packet handling. */
+public class IkeTunUtils extends TunUtils {
+    private static final int PORT_LEN = 2;
+
+    private static final byte[] NON_ESP_MARKER = new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+    private static final int IKE_HEADER_LEN = 28;
+    private static final int IKE_SPI_LEN = 8;
+    private static final int IKE_IS_RESP_BYTE_OFFSET = 19;
+    private static final int IKE_MSG_ID_OFFSET = 20;
+    private static final int IKE_MSG_ID_LEN = 4;
+
+    public IkeTunUtils(ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd) {
+        super(tunFd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Await an expected IKE request and inject an IKE response.
+     *
+     * @param respIkePkt IKE response packet without IP/UDP headers or NON ESP MARKER.
+     */
+    public byte[] awaitReqAndInjectResp(long expectedInitIkeSpi, int expectedMsgId,
+            boolean encapExpected, byte[] respIkePkt) throws Exception {
+        final byte[] request = awaitIkePacket(expectedInitIkeSpi, expectedMsgId, encapExpected);
+
+        // Build response header by flipping address and port
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getDstAddress(request);
+        final InetAddress dstAddr = getSrcAddress(request);
+        final int srcPort = getDstPort(request);
+        final int dstPort = getSrcPort(request);
+
+        final byte[] response =
+                buildIkePacket(srcAddr, dstAddr, srcPort, dstPort, encapExpected, respIkePkt);
+        injectPacket(response);
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] awaitIkePacket(long expectedInitIkeSpi, int expectedMsgId, boolean expectEncap)
+            throws Exception {
+        return super.awaitPacket(pkt -> isIke(pkt, expectedInitIkeSpi, expectedMsgId, expectEncap));
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIke(
+            byte[] pkt, long expectedInitIkeSpi, int expectedMsgId, boolean encapExpected) {
+        final int ipProtocolOffset;
+        final int ikeOffset;
+
+        if (isIpv6(pkt)) {
+            ipProtocolOffset = IP6_PROTO_OFFSET;
+            ikeOffset = IP6_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN;
+        } else {
+            if (encapExpected && !hasNonEspMarkerv4(pkt)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Use default IPv4 header length (assuming no options)
+            final int encapMarkerLen = encapExpected ? NON_ESP_MARKER.length : 0;
+            ipProtocolOffset = IP4_PROTO_OFFSET;
+            ikeOffset = IP4_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN + encapMarkerLen;
+        }
+
+        return pkt[ipProtocolOffset] == IPPROTO_UDP
+                && areSpiAndMsgIdEqual(pkt, ikeOffset, expectedInitIkeSpi, expectedMsgId);
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if the provided IPv4 packet has a UDP-encapsulation NON-ESP marker */
+    private static boolean hasNonEspMarkerv4(byte[] ipv4Pkt) {
+        final int nonEspMarkerOffset = IP4_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN;
+        if (ipv4Pkt.length < nonEspMarkerOffset + NON_ESP_MARKER.length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] nonEspMarker = Arrays.copyOfRange(
+                ipv4Pkt, nonEspMarkerOffset, nonEspMarkerOffset + NON_ESP_MARKER.length);
+        return Arrays.equals(NON_ESP_MARKER, nonEspMarker);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean areSpiAndMsgIdEqual(
+            byte[] pkt, int ikeOffset, long expectedIkeInitSpi, int expectedMsgId) {
+        if (pkt.length <= ikeOffset + IKE_HEADER_LEN) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(pkt);
+        final long spi = buffer.getLong(ikeOffset);
+        final int msgId = buffer.getInt(ikeOffset + IKE_MSG_ID_OFFSET);
+
+        return expectedIkeInitSpi == spi && expectedMsgId == msgId;
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress getSrcAddress(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getAddress(pkt, true);
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress getDstAddress(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getAddress(pkt, false);
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress getAddress(byte[] pkt, boolean getSrcAddr) throws Exception {
+        final int ipLen = isIpv6(pkt) ? IP6_ADDR_LEN : IP4_ADDR_LEN;
+        final int srcIpOffset = isIpv6(pkt) ? IP6_ADDR_OFFSET : IP4_ADDR_OFFSET;
+        final int ipOffset = getSrcAddr ? srcIpOffset : srcIpOffset + ipLen;
+
+        if (pkt.length < ipOffset + ipLen) {
+            // Should be impossible; getAddress() is only called with a full IKE request including
+            // the IP and UDP headers.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Packet was too short to contain IP address");
+        }
+
+        return InetAddress.getByAddress(Arrays.copyOfRange(pkt, ipOffset, ipOffset + ipLen));
+    }
+
+    private static int getSrcPort(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getPort(pkt, true);
+    }
+
+    private static int getDstPort(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getPort(pkt, false);
+    }
+
+    private static int getPort(byte[] pkt, boolean getSrcPort) {
+        final int srcPortOffset = isIpv6(pkt) ? IP6_HDRLEN : IP4_HDRLEN;
+        final int portOffset = getSrcPort ? srcPortOffset : srcPortOffset + PORT_LEN;
+
+        if (pkt.length < portOffset + PORT_LEN) {
+            // Should be impossible; getPort() is only called with a full IKE request including the
+            // IP and UDP headers.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Packet was too short to contain port");
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(pkt);
+        return Short.toUnsignedInt(buffer.getShort(portOffset));
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] buildIkePacket(
+            InetAddress srcAddr,
+            InetAddress dstAddr,
+            int srcPort,
+            int dstPort,
+            boolean useEncap,
+            byte[] payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        // Append non-ESP marker if encap is enabled
+        if (useEncap) {
+            final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(NON_ESP_MARKER.length + payload.length);
+            buffer.put(NON_ESP_MARKER);
+            buffer.put(payload);
+            payload = buffer.array();
+        }
+
+        final UdpHeader udpPkt = new UdpHeader(srcPort, dstPort, new BytePayload(payload));
+        final IpHeader ipPkt = getIpHeader(udpPkt.getProtocolId(), srcAddr, dstAddr, udpPkt);
+        return ipPkt.getPacketBytes();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cc0cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Ikev2VpnProfile;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
+import java.security.PrivateKey;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Appops state changes disallowed for instant apps (OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN)")
+public class Ikev2VpnTest {
+    private static final String TAG = Ikev2VpnTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // Test vectors for IKE negotiation in test mode.
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V4 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a18b2b5d9006d47a0022120222000000000000002d0220000300000002c01010004030000"
+                    + "0c0100000c800e0100030000080300000c030000080200000400000008040000102800020800"
+                    + "100000b8070f159fe5141d8754ca86f72ecc28d66f514927e96cbe9eec0adb42bf2c276a0ab7"
+                    + "a97fa93555f4be9218c14e7f286bb28c6b4fb13825a420f2ffc165854f200bab37d69c8963d4"
+                    + "0acb831d983163aa50622fd35c182efe882cf54d6106222abcfaa597255d302f1b95ab71c142"
+                    + "c279ea5839a180070bff73f9d03fab815f0d5ee2adec7e409d1e35979f8bd92ffd8aab13d1a0"
+                    + "0657d816643ae767e9ae84d2ccfa2bcce1a50572be8d3748ae4863c41ae90da16271e014270f"
+                    + "77edd5cd2e3299f3ab27d7203f93d770bacf816041cdcecd0f9af249033979da4369cb242dd9"
+                    + "6d172e60513ff3db02de63e50eb7d7f596ada55d7946cad0af0669d1f3e2804846ab3f2a930d"
+                    + "df56f7f025f25c25ada694e6231abbb87ee8cfd072c8481dc0b0f6b083fdc3bd89b080e49feb"
+                    + "0288eef6fdf8a26ee2fc564a11e7385215cf2deaf2a9965638fc279c908ccdf04094988d91a2"
+                    + "464b4a8c0326533aff5119ed79ecbd9d99a218b44f506a5eb09351e67da86698b4c58718db25"
+                    + "d55f426fb4c76471b27a41fbce00777bc233c7f6e842e39146f466826de94f564cad8b92bfbe"
+                    + "87c99c4c7973ec5f1eea8795e7da82819753aa7c4fcfdab77066c56b939330c4b0d354c23f83"
+                    + "ea82fa7a64c4b108f1188379ea0eb4918ee009d804100e6bf118771b9058d42141c847d5ec37"
+                    + "6e5ec591c71fc9dac01063c2bd31f9c783b28bf1182900002430f3d5de3449462b31dd28bc27"
+                    + "297b6ad169bccce4f66c5399c6e0be9120166f2900001c0000400428b8df2e66f69c8584a186"
+                    + "c5eac66783551d49b72900001c000040054e7a622e802d5cbfb96d5f30a6e433994370173529"
+                    + "0000080000402e290000100000402f00020003000400050000000800004014";
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V6 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a1800d9ea1babce26bf2120222000000000000002d0220000300000002c01010004030000"
+                    + "0c0100000c800e0100030000080300000c030000080200000400000008040000102800020800"
+                    + "100000ea0e6dd9ca5930a9a45c323a41f64bfd8cdef7730f5fbff37d7c377da427f489a42aa8"
+                    + "c89233380e6e925990d49de35c2cdcf63a61302c731a4b3569df1ee1bf2457e55a6751838ede"
+                    + "abb75cc63ba5c9e4355e8e784f383a5efe8a44727dc14aeaf8dacc2620fb1c8875416dc07739"
+                    + "7fe4decc1bd514a9c7d270cf21fd734c63a25c34b30b68686e54e8a198f37f27cb491fe27235"
+                    + "fab5476b036d875ccab9a68d65fbf3006197f9bebbf94de0d3802b4fafe1d48d931ce3a1a346"
+                    + "2d65bd639e9bd7fa46299650a9dbaf9b324e40b466942d91a59f41ef8042f8474c4850ed0f63"
+                    + "e9238949d41cd8bbaea9aefdb65443a6405792839563aa5dc5c36b5ce8326ccf8a94d9622b85"
+                    + "038d390d5fc0299e14e1f022966d4ac66515f6108ca04faec44821fe5bbf2ed4f84ff5671219"
+                    + "608cb4c36b44a31ba010c9088f8d5ff943bb9ff857f74be1755f57a5783874adc57f42bb174e"
+                    + "4ad3215de628707014dbcb1707bd214658118fdd7a42b3e1638b991ce5b812a667f1145be811"
+                    + "685e3cd3baf9b18d062657b64c206a4d19a531c252a6a51a04aeaf42c618620cdbab65baca23"
+                    + "82c57ed888422aeaacf7f1bc3fe2247ff7e7eaca218b74d7b31d02f2b0afa123f802529e7e6c"
+                    + "3259d418290740ddbf55686e26998d7edcbbf895664972fed666f2f20af40503aa2af436ec6d"
+                    + "4ec981ab19b9088755d94ae7a7c2066ea331d4e56e290000243fefe5555fce552d57a84e682c"
+                    + "d4a6dfb3f2f94a94464d5bec3d88b88e9559642900001c00004004eb4afff764e7b79bca78b1"
+                    + "3a89100d36d678ae982900001c00004005d177216a3c26f782076e12570d40bfaaa148822929"
+                    + "0000080000402e290000100000402f00020003000400050000000800004014";
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V4 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a18b2b5d9006d47a0022e20232000000001000000e0240000c420a2500a3da4c66fa6929e"
+                    + "600f36349ba0e38de14f78a3ad0416cba8c058735712a3d3f9a0a6ed36de09b5e9e02697e7c4"
+                    + "2d210ac86cfbd709503cfa51e2eab8cfdc6427d136313c072968f6506a546eb5927164200592"
+                    + "6e36a16ee994e63f029432a67bc7d37ca619e1bd6e1678df14853067ecf816b48b81e8746069"
+                    + "406363e5aa55f13cb2afda9dbebee94256c29d630b17dd7f1ee52351f92b6e1c3d8551c513f1"
+                    + "d74ac52a80b2041397e109fe0aeb3c105b0d4be0ae343a943398764281";
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V6 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a1800d9ea1babce26bf2e20232000000001000000f0240000d4aaf6eaa6c06b50447e6f54"
+                    + "827fd8a9d9d6ac8015c1ebb3e8cb03fc6e54b49a107441f50004027cc5021600828026367f03"
+                    + "bc425821cd7772ee98637361300c9b76056e874fea2bd4a17212370b291894264d8c023a01d1"
+                    + "c3b691fd4b7c0b534e8c95af4c4638e2d125cb21c6267e2507cd745d72e8da109c47b9259c6c"
+                    + "57a26f6bc5b337b9b9496d54bdde0333d7a32e6e1335c9ee730c3ecd607a8689aa7b0577b74f"
+                    + "3bf437696a9fd5fc0aee3ed346cd9e15d1dda293df89eb388a8719388a60ca7625754de12cdb"
+                    + "efe4c886c5c401";
+    private static final long IKE_INITIATOR_SPI = Long.parseLong("46B8ECA1E0D72A18", 16);
+
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+
+    private static final int IP4_PREFIX_LEN = 32;
+    private static final int IP6_PREFIX_LEN = 128;
+
+    // TODO: Use IPv6 address when we can generate test vectors (GCE does not allow IPv6 yet).
+    private static final String TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V4 = "192.0.2.2";
+    private static final String TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6 = "2001:db8::2";
+    private static final String TEST_IDENTITY = "client.cts.android.com";
+    private static final List<String> TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS =
+            Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM);
+
+    private static final ProxyInfo TEST_PROXY_INFO =
+            ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("proxy.cts.android.com", 1234);
+    private static final int TEST_MTU = 1300;
+
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PSK = "ikeAndroidPsk".getBytes();
+    private static final String TEST_USER = "username";
+    private static final String TEST_PASSWORD = "pa55w0rd";
+
+    // Static state to reduce setup/teardown
+    private static final Context sContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+    private static final ConnectivityManager sCM =
+            (ConnectivityManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+    private static final VpnManager sVpnMgr =
+            (VpnManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.VPN_MANAGEMENT_SERVICE);
+    private static final CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
+
+    private final X509Certificate mServerRootCa;
+    private final CertificateAndKey mUserCertKey;
+
+    public Ikev2VpnTest() throws Exception {
+        // Build certificates
+        mServerRootCa = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair().cert;
+        mUserCertKey = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the given appop using shell commands
+     *
+     * <p>This method must NEVER be called from within a shell permission, as it will attempt to
+     * acquire, and then drop the shell permission identity. This results in the caller losing the
+     * shell permission identity due to these calls not being reference counted.
+     */
+    public void setAppop(int appop, boolean allow) {
+        // Requires shell permission to update appops.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(appop, allow);
+        }, Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(
+            Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder, boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks) throws Exception {
+        if (isRestrictedToTestNetworks) {
+            builder.restrictToTestNetworks();
+        }
+
+        return builder.setBypassable(true)
+                .setAllowedAlgorithms(TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS)
+                .setProxy(TEST_PROXY_INFO)
+                .setMaxMtu(TEST_MTU)
+                .setMetered(false)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(
+            String remote, boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks) throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(remote, TEST_IDENTITY).setAuthPsk(TEST_PSK);
+
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY)
+                        .setAuthUsernamePassword(TEST_USER, TEST_PASSWORD, mServerRootCa);
+
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY)
+                        .setAuthDigitalSignature(
+                                mUserCertKey.cert, mUserCertKey.key, mServerRootCa);
+
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private void checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(@NonNull Ikev2VpnProfile profile) throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, profile.getServerAddr());
+        assertEquals(TEST_IDENTITY, profile.getUserIdentity());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PROXY_INFO, profile.getProxyInfo());
+        assertEquals(TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
+        assertTrue(profile.isBypassable());
+        assertFalse(profile.isMetered());
+        assertEquals(TEST_MTU, profile.getMaxMtu());
+        assertFalse(profile.isRestrictedToTestNetworks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+
+        checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(profile);
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_PSK, profile.getPresharedKey());
+
+        // Verify nothing else is set.
+        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
+        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
+        assertNull(profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+
+        checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(profile);
+        assertEquals(TEST_USER, profile.getUsername());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PASSWORD, profile.getPassword());
+        assertEquals(mServerRootCa, profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+
+        // Verify nothing else is set.
+        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+
+        checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(profile);
+        assertEquals(mUserCertKey.cert, profile.getUserCert());
+        assertEquals(mUserCertKey.key, profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertEquals(mServerRootCa, profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+
+        // Verify nothing else is set.
+        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
+        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
+        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
+    }
+
+    private void verifyProvisionVpnProfile(
+            boolean hasActivateVpn, boolean hasActivatePlatformVpn, boolean expectIntent)
+            throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_VPN, hasActivateVpn);
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, hasActivatePlatformVpn);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        final Intent intent = sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile);
+        assertEquals(expectIntent, intent != null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNoPreviousConsent() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(false /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                false /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, true /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfilePlatformVpnConsented() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(false /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                true /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, false /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileVpnServiceConsented() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(true /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                false /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, false /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileAllPreConsented() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(true /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                true /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, false /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        assertNull(sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
+
+        // Verify that deleting the profile works (even without the appop)
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, false);
+        sVpnMgr.deleteProvisionedVpnProfile();
+
+        // Test that the profile was deleted - starting it should throw an IAE.
+        try {
+            setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
+            sVpnMgr.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException due to missing profile");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileNoPreviousConsent() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_VPN, false);
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, false);
+
+        // Make sure the VpnProfile is not provisioned already.
+        sVpnMgr.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
+
+        try {
+            sVpnMgr.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
+            fail("Expected SecurityException for missing consent");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(IkeTunUtils tunUtils, boolean testIpv6)
+            throws Exception {
+        String serverAddr = testIpv6 ? TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6 : TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V4;
+        String initResp = testIpv6 ? SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V6 : SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V4;
+        String authResp = testIpv6 ? SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V6 : SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V4;
+        boolean hasNat = !testIpv6;
+
+        // Requires MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS to provision a test-mode profile.
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(serverAddr, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        assertNull(sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
+
+        sVpnMgr.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
+
+        // Inject IKE negotiation
+        int expectedMsgId = 0;
+        tunUtils.awaitReqAndInjectResp(IKE_INITIATOR_SPI, expectedMsgId++, false /* isEncap */,
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(initResp));
+        tunUtils.awaitReqAndInjectResp(IKE_INITIATOR_SPI, expectedMsgId++, hasNat /* isEncap */,
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(authResp));
+
+        // Verify the VPN network came up
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN).build();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        sCM.requestNetwork(nr, cb);
+        cb.waitForAvailable();
+        final Network vpnNetwork = cb.currentNetwork;
+        assertNotNull(vpnNetwork);
+
+        sVpnMgr.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
+        cb.waitForLost();
+        assertEquals(vpnNetwork, cb.lastLostNetwork);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestStartStopVpnProfile(boolean testIpv6) throws Exception {
+        // Non-final; these variables ensure we clean up properly after our test if we have
+        // allocated test network resources
+        final TestNetworkManager tnm = sContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+        TestNetworkInterface testIface = null;
+        TestNetworkCallback tunNetworkCallback = null;
+
+        try {
+            // Build underlying test network
+            testIface = tnm.createTunInterface(
+                    new LinkAddress[] {
+                            new LinkAddress(LOCAL_OUTER_4, IP4_PREFIX_LEN),
+                            new LinkAddress(LOCAL_OUTER_6, IP6_PREFIX_LEN)});
+
+            // Hold on to this callback to ensure network does not get reaped.
+            tunNetworkCallback = mCtsNetUtils.setupAndGetTestNetwork(
+                    testIface.getInterfaceName());
+            final IkeTunUtils tunUtils = new IkeTunUtils(testIface.getFileDescriptor());
+
+            checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(tunUtils, testIpv6);
+        } finally {
+            // Make sure to stop the VPN profile. This is safe to call multiple times.
+            sVpnMgr.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
+
+            if (testIface != null) {
+                testIface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+            }
+
+            if (tunNetworkCallback != null) {
+                sCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(tunNetworkCallback);
+            }
+
+            final Network testNetwork = tunNetworkCallback.currentNetwork;
+            if (testNetwork != null) {
+                tnm.teardownTestNetwork(testNetwork);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStopVpnProfileV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        // Requires shell permission to update appops.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            doTestStartStopVpnProfile(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStopVpnProfileV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        // Requires shell permission to update appops.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            doTestStartStopVpnProfile(true);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static class CertificateAndKey {
+        public final X509Certificate cert;
+        public final PrivateKey key;
+
+        CertificateAndKey(X509Certificate cert, PrivateKey key) {
+            this.cert = cert;
+            this.key = key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static CertificateAndKey generateRandomCertAndKeyPair() throws Exception {
+        final Date validityBeginDate =
+                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
+        final Date validityEndDate =
+                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
+
+        // Generate a keypair
+        final KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
+        keyPairGenerator.initialize(512);
+        final KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
+
+        final X500Principal dnName = new X500Principal("CN=test.android.com");
+        final X509V1CertificateGenerator certGen = new X509V1CertificateGenerator();
+        certGen.setSerialNumber(BigInteger.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+        certGen.setSubjectDN(dnName);
+        certGen.setIssuerDN(dnName);
+        certGen.setNotBefore(validityBeginDate);
+        certGen.setNotAfter(validityEndDate);
+        certGen.setPublicKey(keyPair.getPublic());
+        certGen.setSignatureAlgorithm("SHA256WithRSAEncryption");
+
+        final X509Certificate cert = certGen.generate(keyPair.getPrivate(), "AndroidOpenSSL");
+        return new CertificateAndKey(cert, keyPair.getPrivate());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
index 1d83dda..ae38faa 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
@@ -18,20 +18,17 @@
 
 import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS;
 import static android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.BytePayload;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspHeader;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
-import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.Ip4Header;
-import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.Ip6Header;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IpHeader;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UdpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.getIpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
 
@@ -40,38 +37,28 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
-import android.app.AppOpsManager;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.Network;
-import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
 import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
 import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.Payload;
-import android.os.Binder;
-import android.os.Build;
-import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
-import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
-
-import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 import org.junit.AfterClass;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -114,7 +101,7 @@
     private static TunUtils sTunUtils;
 
     private static Context sContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
-    private static IBinder sBinder = new Binder();
+    private static final CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
 
     @BeforeClass
     public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
@@ -127,7 +114,7 @@
         // Under normal circumstances, the MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS appop would be auto-granted, and
         // a standard permission is insufficient. So we shell out the appop, to give us the
         // right appop permissions.
-        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
 
         TestNetworkInterface testIface =
                 sTNM.createTunInterface(
@@ -137,8 +124,9 @@
                         });
 
         sTunFd = testIface.getFileDescriptor();
-        sTunNetworkCallback = setupAndGetTestNetwork(testIface.getInterfaceName());
-        sTunNetwork = sTunNetworkCallback.getNetworkBlocking();
+        sTunNetworkCallback = mCtsNetUtils.setupAndGetTestNetwork(testIface.getInterfaceName());
+        sTunNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        sTunNetwork = sTunNetworkCallback.currentNetwork;
 
         sTunUtils = new TunUtils(sTunFd);
     }
@@ -149,7 +137,7 @@
         super.setUp();
 
         // Set to true before every run; some tests flip this.
-        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
 
         // Clear sTunUtils state
         sTunUtils.reset();
@@ -157,7 +145,7 @@
 
     @AfterClass
     public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
-        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
 
         sCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(sTunNetworkCallback);
 
@@ -169,50 +157,12 @@
                 .dropShellPermissionIdentity();
     }
 
-    private static boolean hasTunnelsFeature() {
-        return sContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
-                || SystemProperties.getInt("ro.product.first_api_level", 0)
-                        >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
-    }
-
-    private static void setAppop(int appop, boolean allow) {
-        String opName = AppOpsManager.opToName(appop);
-        for (String pkg : new String[] {"com.android.shell", sContext.getPackageName()}) {
-            String cmd =
-                    String.format(
-                            "appops set %s %s %s",
-                            pkg, // Package name
-                            opName, // Appop
-                            (allow ? "allow" : "deny")); // Action
-            SystemUtil.runShellCommand(cmd);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static TestNetworkCallback setupAndGetTestNetwork(String ifname) throws Exception {
-        // Build a network request
-        NetworkRequest nr =
-                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                        .clearCapabilities()
-                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                        .setNetworkSpecifier(ifname)
-                        .build();
-
-        TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        sCM.requestNetwork(nr, cb);
-
-        // Setup the test network after network request is filed to prevent Network from being
-        // reaped due to no requests matching it.
-        sTNM.setupTestNetwork(ifname, sBinder);
-
-        return cb;
-    }
-
     @Test
     public void testSecurityExceptionCreateTunnelInterfaceWithoutAppop() throws Exception {
-        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
 
         // Ensure we don't have the appop. Permission is not requested in the Manifest
-        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
 
         // Security exceptions are thrown regardless of IPv4/IPv6. Just test one
         try {
@@ -224,10 +174,10 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSecurityExceptionBuildTunnelTransformWithoutAppop() throws Exception {
-        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
 
         // Ensure we don't have the appop. Permission is not requested in the Manifest
-        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
 
         // Security exceptions are thrown regardless of IPv4/IPv6. Just test one
         try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
@@ -253,19 +203,6 @@
         public abstract int run(Network ipsecNetwork) throws Exception;
     }
 
-    private static class TestNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
-        private final CompletableFuture<Network> futureNetwork = new CompletableFuture<>();
-
-        @Override
-        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
-            futureNetwork.complete(network);
-        }
-
-        public Network getNetworkBlocking() throws Exception {
-            return futureNetwork.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-        }
-    }
-
     private int getPacketSize(
             int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode) {
         int expectedPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + UDP_HDRLEN;
@@ -499,8 +436,6 @@
     public void checkTunnelReflected(
             int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
             throws Exception {
-        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
-
         InetAddress localInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_INNER_4 : LOCAL_INNER_6;
         InetAddress remoteInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_INNER_4 : REMOTE_INNER_6;
 
@@ -580,7 +515,6 @@
             boolean transportInTunnelMode,
             IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory factory)
             throws Exception {
-        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
 
         InetAddress localInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_INNER_4 : LOCAL_INNER_6;
         InetAddress remoteInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_INNER_4 : REMOTE_INNER_6;
@@ -648,8 +582,9 @@
                         mISM.createIpSecTunnelInterface(localOuter, remoteOuter, sTunNetwork)) {
             // Build the test network
             tunnelIface.addAddress(localInner, innerPrefixLen);
-            testNetworkCb = setupAndGetTestNetwork(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName());
-            Network testNetwork = testNetworkCb.getNetworkBlocking();
+            testNetworkCb = mCtsNetUtils.setupAndGetTestNetwork(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName());
+            testNetworkCb.waitForAvailable();
+            Network testNetwork = testNetworkCb.currentNetwork;
 
             // Check interface was created
             assertNotNull(NetworkInterface.getByName(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName()));
@@ -718,18 +653,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private IpHeader getIpHeader(int protocol, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, Payload payload) {
-        if ((src instanceof Inet6Address) != (dst instanceof Inet6Address)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid src/dst address combination");
-        }
-
-        if (src instanceof Inet6Address) {
-            return new Ip6Header(protocol, (Inet6Address) src, (Inet6Address) dst, payload);
-        } else {
-            return new Ip4Header(protocol, (Inet4Address) src, (Inet4Address) dst, payload);
-        }
-    }
-
     private EspHeader buildTransportModeEspPacket(
             int spi, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, int port, Payload payload) throws Exception {
         IpHeader preEspIpHeader = getIpHeader(payload.getProtocolId(), src, dst, payload);
@@ -819,134 +742,158 @@
     // Transport-in-Tunnel mode tests
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, true);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, true);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, true);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
     }
 
     // Tunnel mode tests
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV4InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV4InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV4InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV6InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV6InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
         checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTunnelV6InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
         checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
index 6177827..0aedecb 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+
 import javax.crypto.Cipher;
 import javax.crypto.Mac;
 import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
@@ -443,6 +444,19 @@
         return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer.array(), 0, buffer.position());
     }
 
+    public static IpHeader getIpHeader(
+            int protocol, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, Payload payload) {
+        if ((src instanceof Inet6Address) != (dst instanceof Inet6Address)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid src/dst address combination");
+        }
+
+        if (src instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            return new Ip6Header(protocol, (Inet6Address) src, (Inet6Address) dst, payload);
+        } else {
+            return new Ip4Header(protocol, (Inet4Address) src, (Inet4Address) dst, payload);
+        }
+    }
+
     /*
      * Debug printing
      */
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java
index a030713..adaba9d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IPPROTO_ESP;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
@@ -39,19 +39,18 @@
 public class TunUtils {
     private static final String TAG = TunUtils.class.getSimpleName();
 
+    protected static final int IP4_ADDR_OFFSET = 12;
+    protected static final int IP4_ADDR_LEN = 4;
+    protected static final int IP6_ADDR_OFFSET = 8;
+    protected static final int IP6_ADDR_LEN = 16;
+    protected static final int IP4_PROTO_OFFSET = 9;
+    protected static final int IP6_PROTO_OFFSET = 6;
+
     private static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
-    private static final int TIMEOUT = 100;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT = 1000;
 
-    private static final int IP4_PROTO_OFFSET = 9;
-    private static final int IP6_PROTO_OFFSET = 6;
-
-    private static final int IP4_ADDR_OFFSET = 12;
-    private static final int IP4_ADDR_LEN = 4;
-    private static final int IP6_ADDR_OFFSET = 8;
-    private static final int IP6_ADDR_LEN = 16;
-
-    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mTunFd;
     private final List<byte[]> mPackets = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mTunFd;
     private final Thread mReaderThread;
 
     public TunUtils(ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd) {
@@ -112,46 +111,15 @@
         return null;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Checks if the specified bytes were ever sent in plaintext.
-     *
-     * <p>Only checks for known plaintext bytes to prevent triggering on ICMP/RA packets or the like
-     *
-     * @param plaintext the plaintext bytes to check for
-     * @param startIndex the index in the list to check for
-     */
-    public boolean hasPlaintextPacket(byte[] plaintext, int startIndex) {
-        Predicate<byte[]> verifier =
-                (pkt) -> {
-                    return Collections.indexOfSubList(Arrays.asList(pkt), Arrays.asList(plaintext))
-                            != -1;
-                };
-        return getFirstMatchingPacket(verifier, startIndex) != null;
-    }
-
-    public byte[] getEspPacket(int spi, boolean encap, int startIndex) {
-        return getFirstMatchingPacket(
-                (pkt) -> {
-                    return isEsp(pkt, spi, encap);
-                },
-                startIndex);
-    }
-
-    public byte[] awaitEspPacketNoPlaintext(
-            int spi, byte[] plaintext, boolean useEncap, int expectedPacketSize) throws Exception {
+    protected byte[] awaitPacket(Predicate<byte[]> verifier) throws Exception {
         long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + TIMEOUT;
         int startIndex = 0;
 
         synchronized (mPackets) {
             while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
-                byte[] espPkt = getEspPacket(spi, useEncap, startIndex);
-                if (espPkt != null) {
-                    // Validate packet size
-                    assertEquals(expectedPacketSize, espPkt.length);
-
-                    // Always check plaintext from start
-                    assertFalse(hasPlaintextPacket(plaintext, 0));
-                    return espPkt; // We've found the packet we're looking for.
+                final byte[] pkt = getFirstMatchingPacket(verifier, startIndex);
+                if (pkt != null) {
+                    return pkt; // We've found the packet we're looking for.
                 }
 
                 startIndex = mPackets.size();
@@ -162,10 +130,21 @@
                     mPackets.wait(waitTimeout);
                 }
             }
-
-            fail("No such ESP packet found with SPI " + spi);
         }
-        return null;
+
+        fail("No packet found matching verifier");
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Impossible condition; should have thrown in fail()");
+    }
+
+    public byte[] awaitEspPacketNoPlaintext(
+            int spi, byte[] plaintext, boolean useEncap, int expectedPacketSize) throws Exception {
+        final byte[] espPkt = awaitPacket(
+                (pkt) -> isEspFailIfSpecifiedPlaintextFound(pkt, spi, useEncap, plaintext));
+
+        // Validate packet size
+        assertEquals(expectedPacketSize, espPkt.length);
+
+        return espPkt; // We've found the packet we're looking for.
     }
 
     private static boolean isSpiEqual(byte[] pkt, int espOffset, int spi) {
@@ -176,6 +155,24 @@
                 && pkt[espOffset + 3] == (byte) (spi & 0xff);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Variant of isEsp that also fails the test if the provided plaintext is found
+     *
+     * @param pkt the packet bytes to verify
+     * @param spi the expected SPI to look for
+     * @param encap whether encap was enabled, and the packet has a UDP header
+     * @param plaintext the plaintext packet before outbound encryption, which MUST not appear in
+     *     the provided packet.
+     */
+    private static boolean isEspFailIfSpecifiedPlaintextFound(
+            byte[] pkt, int spi, boolean encap, byte[] plaintext) {
+        if (Collections.indexOfSubList(Arrays.asList(pkt), Arrays.asList(plaintext)) != -1) {
+            fail("Banned plaintext packet found");
+        }
+
+        return isEsp(pkt, spi, encap);
+    }
+
     private static boolean isEsp(byte[] pkt, int spi, boolean encap) {
         if (isIpv6(pkt)) {
             // IPv6 UDP encap not supported by kernels; assume non-encap.
@@ -191,7 +188,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static boolean isIpv6(byte[] pkt) {
+    public static boolean isIpv6(byte[] pkt) {
         // First nibble shows IP version. 0x60 for IPv6
         return (pkt[0] & (byte) 0xF0) == (byte) 0x60;
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
index f39b184..32cdf92 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
@@ -27,11 +28,13 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -40,7 +43,12 @@
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
@@ -73,6 +81,7 @@
     public static final String NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION =
             "ConnectivityManagerTest.NetworkCallbackAction";
 
+    private final IBinder mBinder = new Binder();
     private final Context mContext;
     private final ConnectivityManager mCm;
     private final ContentResolver mCR;
@@ -88,6 +97,51 @@
         mCR = context.getContentResolver();
     }
 
+    /** Checks if FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS is enabled on the device */
+    public boolean hasIpsecTunnelsFeature() {
+        return mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+                || SystemProperties.getInt("ro.product.first_api_level", 0)
+                        >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the given appop using shell commands
+     *
+     * <p>Expects caller to hold the shell permission identity.
+     */
+    public void setAppopPrivileged(int appop, boolean allow) {
+        final String opName = AppOpsManager.opToName(appop);
+        for (final String pkg : new String[] {"com.android.shell", mContext.getPackageName()}) {
+            final String cmd =
+                    String.format(
+                            "appops set %s %s %s",
+                            pkg, // Package name
+                            opName, // Appop
+                            (allow ? "allow" : "deny")); // Action
+            SystemUtil.runShellCommand(cmd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Sets up a test network using the provided interface name */
+    public TestNetworkCallback setupAndGetTestNetwork(String ifname) throws Exception {
+        // Build a network request
+        final NetworkRequest nr =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .clearCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .setNetworkSpecifier(ifname)
+                        .build();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, cb);
+
+        // Setup the test network after network request is filed to prevent Network from being
+        // reaped due to no requests matching it.
+        mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class).setupTestNetwork(ifname, mBinder);
+
+        return cb;
+    }
+
     // Toggle WiFi twice, leaving it in the state it started in
     public void toggleWifi() {
         if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {