diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp b/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
index e17081a..a484adb 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/Cronet/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@
     name: "NetHttpCoverageTests",
     enforce_default_target_sdk_version: true,
     min_sdk_version: "30",
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
         "CtsNetHttpTestsLib",
@@ -37,6 +40,8 @@
     jarjar_rules: ":net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
     compile_multilib: "both", // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
     jni_libs: [
-       "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet_tests__testing"
+        "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet_tests__testing",
+        "cronet_aml_third_party_netty_tcnative_netty_tcnative_so__testing",
     ],
+    data: [":cronet_javatests_resources"],
 }
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
index 33c3184..bded8fb 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/Cronet/tests/common/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@
         <option name="install-arg" value="-t" />
     </target_preparer>
     <option name="test-tag" value="NetHttpCoverageTests" />
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+        <option name="push-file" key="net" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/net" />
+        <option name="push-file" key="test_server" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/components/cronet/testing/test_server" />
+    </target_preparer>
     <!-- Tethering/Connectivity is a SDK 30+ module -->
     <!-- TODO Switch back to Sdk30 when b/270049141 is fixed -->
     <object type="module_controller"
@@ -42,11 +47,14 @@
         <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.CronetUrlRequestTest#testSSLCertificateError" />
         <!-- b/316559294 -->
         <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NQETest#testQuicDisabled" />
+        <!-- b/316559294 -->
+        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NQETest#testPrefsWriteRead" />
         <!-- b/316554711-->
         <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NetworkChangesTest" /> 
         <!-- b/316550794 -->
         <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.impl.CronetLoggerTest#testEngineCreation" />
         <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
+        <option name="isolated-storage" value="false"/>
         <option
             name="device-listeners"
             value="com.android.modules.utils.testing.NativeCoverageHackInstrumentationListener" />
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp b/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp
index 63905c8..743a1ca 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ b/Cronet/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -48,19 +48,20 @@
 }
 
 android_test {
-     name: "NetHttpTests",
-     defaults: [
+    name: "NetHttpTests",
+    defaults: [
         "mts-target-sdk-version-current",
-     ],
-     static_libs: ["NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar"],
-     jarjar_rules: ":net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
-     jni_libs: [
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["NetHttpTestsLibPreJarJar"],
+    jarjar_rules: ":net-http-test-jarjar-rules",
+    jni_libs: [
         "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet__testing",
         "cronet_aml_components_cronet_android_cronet_tests__testing",
-     ],
-     test_suites: [
-         "general-tests",
-         "mts-tethering",
-     ],
+        "cronet_aml_third_party_netty_tcnative_netty_tcnative_so__testing",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+    data: [":cronet_javatests_resources"],
 }
-
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
index f597134..2c56e3a 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
           package="android.net.http.mts">
 
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
 
     <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
index 3470531..bccbe29 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/Cronet/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@
         <option name="test-file-name" value="NetHttpTests.apk" />
     </target_preparer>
 
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+        <option name="push-file" key="net" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/net" />
+        <option name="push-file" key="test_server" value="/storage/emulated/0/chromium_tests_root/components/cronet/testing/test_server" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
     <option name="test-tag" value="NetHttpTests" />
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
         <option name="package" value="android.net.http.mts" />
@@ -42,11 +47,14 @@
         <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.CronetUrlRequestTest#testSSLCertificateError" />
         <!-- b/316559294 -->
         <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NQETest#testQuicDisabled" />
+        <!-- b/316559294 -->
+        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NQETest#testPrefsWriteRead" />
         <!-- b/316554711-->
-        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NetworkChangesTest" /> 
+        <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.NetworkChangesTest" />
         <!-- b/316550794 -->
         <option name="exclude-filter" value="org.chromium.net.impl.CronetLoggerTest#testEngineCreation" />
         <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
+        <option name="isolated-storage" value="false"/>
     </test>
 
     <!-- Only run NetHttpTests in MTS if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt b/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
index fd0a0f6..b5cdf6e 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
+++ b/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 com\.android\.testutils\..+
 # jarjar-gen can't handle some kotlin object expression, exclude packages that include them
 androidx\..+
+# don't jarjar netty as it does JNI
+io\.netty\..+
 kotlin\.test\..+
 kotlin\.reflect\..+
 org\.mockito\..+
@@ -12,10 +14,16 @@
 org\.chromium\.base\..+
 J\.cronet_tests_N(\$.+)?
 
+# don't jarjar automatically generated FooJni files.
+org\.chromium\.net\..+Jni(\$.+)?
+
 # Do not jarjar the tests and its utils as they also do JNI with cronet_tests.so
 org\.chromium\.net\..*Test.*(\$.+)?
 org\.chromium\.net\.NativeTestServer(\$.+)?
 org\.chromium\.net\.MockUrlRequestJobFactory(\$.+)?
 org\.chromium\.net\.QuicTestServer(\$.+)?
 org\.chromium\.net\.MockCertVerifier(\$.+)?
-org\.chromium\.net\.LogcatCapture(\$.+)?
\ No newline at end of file
+org\.chromium\.net\.LogcatCapture(\$.+)?
+org\.chromium\.net\.ReportingCollector(\$.+)?
+org\.chromium\.net\.Http2TestServer(\$.+)?
+org\.chromium\.net\.Http2TestHandler(\$.+)?
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/raw/quicroot.pem b/Cronet/tests/mts/res/raw/quicroot.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af21b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cronet/tests/mts/res/raw/quicroot.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml b/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
index d44c36f..32b7171 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
+++ b/Cronet/tests/mts/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
@@ -17,18 +17,31 @@
   -->
 
 <network-security-config>
-    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
-        <!-- Used as the base URL by native test server (net::EmbeddedTestServer) -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">127.0.0.1</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testIOExceptionInterruptRethrown -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testBadIP -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">0.0.0.0</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testSetUseCachesFalse -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">host-cache-test-host</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testBadHostname -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">this-weird-host-name-does-not-exist</domain>
-        <!-- Used by CronetUrlRequestContextTest#testHostResolverRules -->
-        <domain includeSubdomains="true">some-weird-hostname</domain>
-    </domain-config>
+  <base-config>
+    <trust-anchors>
+      <certificates src="@raw/quicroot"/>
+      <certificates src="system"/>
+    </trust-anchors>
+  </base-config>
+  <!-- Since Android 9 (API 28) cleartext support is disabled by default, this
+       causes some of our tests to fail (see crbug/1220357).
+       The following configs allow http requests for the domains used in these
+       tests.
+
+       TODO(stefanoduo): Figure out if we really need to use http for these tests
+  -->
+  <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
+    <!-- Used as the base URL by native test server (net::EmbeddedTestServer) -->
+    <domain includeSubdomains="true">127.0.0.1</domain>
+    <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testIOExceptionInterruptRethrown -->
+    <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
+    <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testBadIP -->
+    <domain includeSubdomains="true">0.0.0.0</domain>
+    <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testSetUseCachesFalse -->
+    <domain includeSubdomains="true">host-cache-test-host</domain>
+    <!-- Used by CronetHttpURLConnectionTest#testBadHostname -->
+    <domain includeSubdomains="true">this-weird-host-name-does-not-exist</domain>
+    <!-- Used by CronetUrlRequestContextTest#testHostResolverRules -->
+    <domain includeSubdomains="true">some-weird-hostname</domain>
+  </domain-config>
 </network-security-config>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking b/OWNERS_core_networking
index 6d17476..83f798a 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 chiachangwang@google.com
 cken@google.com
-huangaaron@google.com
 jchalard@google.com
 junyulai@google.com
 lifr@google.com
 lorenzo@google.com
-lucaslin@google.com
 markchien@google.com
 martinwu@google.com
 maze@google.com
 motomuman@google.com
-nuccachen@google.com
 paulhu@google.com
 prohr@google.com
 reminv@google.com
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index a8c8408..5ec4d15 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
@@ -900,7 +901,7 @@
     }
 
     private void configureLocalIPv6Routes(
-            HashSet<IpPrefix> deprecatedPrefixes, HashSet<IpPrefix> newPrefixes) {
+            ArraySet<IpPrefix> deprecatedPrefixes, ArraySet<IpPrefix> newPrefixes) {
         // [1] Remove the routes that are deprecated.
         if (!deprecatedPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
             removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, deprecatedPrefixes));
@@ -908,7 +909,7 @@
 
         // [2] Add only the routes that have not previously been added.
         if (newPrefixes != null && !newPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
-            HashSet<IpPrefix> addedPrefixes = (HashSet) newPrefixes.clone();
+            ArraySet<IpPrefix> addedPrefixes = new ArraySet<IpPrefix>(newPrefixes);
             if (mLastRaParams != null) {
                 addedPrefixes.removeAll(mLastRaParams.prefixes);
             }
@@ -920,7 +921,7 @@
     }
 
     private void configureLocalIPv6Dns(
-            HashSet<Inet6Address> deprecatedDnses, HashSet<Inet6Address> newDnses) {
+            ArraySet<Inet6Address> deprecatedDnses, ArraySet<Inet6Address> newDnses) {
         // TODO: Is this really necessary? Can we not fail earlier if INetd cannot be located?
         if (mNetd == null) {
             if (newDnses != null) newDnses.clear();
@@ -941,7 +942,7 @@
 
         // [2] Add only the local DNS IP addresses that have not previously been added.
         if (newDnses != null && !newDnses.isEmpty()) {
-            final HashSet<Inet6Address> addedDnses = (HashSet) newDnses.clone();
+            final ArraySet<Inet6Address> addedDnses = new ArraySet<Inet6Address>(newDnses);
             if (mLastRaParams != null) {
                 addedDnses.removeAll(mLastRaParams.dnses);
             }
@@ -1548,7 +1549,7 @@
     // Accumulate routes representing "prefixes to be assigned to the local
     // interface", for subsequent modification of local_network routing.
     private static ArrayList<RouteInfo> getLocalRoutesFor(
-            String ifname, HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+            String ifname, ArraySet<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
         final ArrayList<RouteInfo> localRoutes = new ArrayList<RouteInfo>();
         for (IpPrefix ipp : prefixes) {
             localRoutes.add(new RouteInfo(ipp, null, ifname, RTN_UNICAST));
@@ -1579,8 +1580,8 @@
     /** Get IPv6 prefixes from LinkProperties */
     @NonNull
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static HashSet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull Collection<LinkAddress> addrs) {
-        final HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes = new HashSet<>();
+    static ArraySet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull Collection<LinkAddress> addrs) {
+        final ArraySet<IpPrefix> prefixes = new ArraySet<>();
         for (LinkAddress linkAddr : addrs) {
             if (linkAddr.getPrefixLength() != RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH) continue;
             prefixes.add(new IpPrefix(linkAddr.getAddress(), RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH));
@@ -1589,7 +1590,7 @@
     }
 
     @NonNull
-    private HashSet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
+    private ArraySet<IpPrefix> getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
         return getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(lp.getLinkAddresses());
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
index 50d6c4b..d848ea8 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.StructTimeval;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
@@ -134,23 +135,23 @@
         public boolean hasDefaultRoute;
         public byte hopLimit;
         public int mtu;
-        public HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes;
-        public HashSet<Inet6Address> dnses;
+        public ArraySet<IpPrefix> prefixes;
+        public ArraySet<Inet6Address> dnses;
 
         public RaParams() {
             hasDefaultRoute = false;
             hopLimit = DEFAULT_HOPLIMIT;
             mtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU;
-            prefixes = new HashSet<IpPrefix>();
-            dnses = new HashSet<Inet6Address>();
+            prefixes = new ArraySet<IpPrefix>();
+            dnses = new ArraySet<Inet6Address>();
         }
 
         public RaParams(RaParams other) {
             hasDefaultRoute = other.hasDefaultRoute;
             hopLimit = other.hopLimit;
             mtu = other.mtu;
-            prefixes = (HashSet) other.prefixes.clone();
-            dnses = (HashSet) other.dnses.clone();
+            prefixes = new ArraySet<IpPrefix>(other.prefixes);
+            dnses = new ArraySet<Inet6Address>(other.dnses);
         }
 
         /**
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
index dac5b63..90ceaa1 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
@@ -77,7 +78,6 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.HashSet;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
                         final RdnssOption rdnss = Struct.parse(RdnssOption.class, RdnssBuf);
                         final String msg =
                                 rdnss.lifetime > 0 ? "Unknown dns" : "Unknown deprecated dns";
-                        final HashSet<Inet6Address> dnses =
+                        final ArraySet<Inet6Address> dnses =
                                 rdnss.lifetime > 0 ? mNewParams.dnses : mOldParams.dnses;
                         assertNotNull(msg, dnses);
 
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
index 3513573..d346af3 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
@@ -532,6 +532,7 @@
     field public static final int ERROR_RESPONSE_BAD_FORMAT = 9; // 0x9
     field public static final int ERROR_TIMEOUT = 3; // 0x3
     field public static final int ERROR_UNAVAILABLE = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int ERROR_UNKNOWN = 11; // 0xb
     field public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CHANNEL = 7; // 0x7
   }
 
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
index 23902dc..7fe499b 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
 import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@
 
     /** Returns the {@link NetworkStatsAccess.Level} for the given caller. */
     public static @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(
-            Context context, int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage) {
+            Context context, int callingPid, int callingUid, @Nullable String callingPackage) {
         final DevicePolicyManager mDpm = context.getSystemService(DevicePolicyManager.class);
         final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)
                 context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index f3d8689..432cabf 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
     ],
     impl_only_static_libs: [
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
     ],
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@
         // Even if the library is included in "impl_only_static_libs" of defaults. This is still
         // needed because java_library which doesn't understand "impl_only_static_libs".
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
     ],
     libs: [
         // This cannot be in the defaults clause above because if it were, it would be used
diff --git a/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
index 5403be7..51eaf1c 100644
--- a/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
+++ b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <bpf/BpfClassic.h>
+#include <bpf/KernelUtils.h>
 #include <DnsProxydProtocol.h> // NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS
 #include <nativehelper/JNIPlatformHelp.h>
 #include <nativehelper/ScopedPrimitiveArray.h>
@@ -250,6 +251,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+static jboolean android_net_utils_isKernel64Bit(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz) {
+    return bpf::isKernel64Bit();
+}
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /*
@@ -272,6 +277,7 @@
     { "getDnsNetwork", "()Landroid/net/Network;", (void*) android_net_utils_getDnsNetwork },
     { "setsockoptBytes", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;II[B)V",
     (void*) android_net_utils_setsockoptBytes},
+    { "isKernel64Bit", "()Z", (void*) android_net_utils_isKernel64Bit },
 };
 // clang-format on
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
index fbdc024..785c029 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -438,4 +438,6 @@
     public static native void setsockoptBytes(FileDescriptor fd, int level, int option,
             byte[] value) throws ErrnoException;
 
+    /** Returns whether the Linux Kernel is 64 bit */
+    public static native boolean isKernel64Bit();
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.java b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.java
index 3ed21a2..08a8603 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkStatsMetricsLogger.java
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
      */
     private static Pair<Integer, Integer> getStatsFilesAttributes(
             @Nullable File statsDir, @NonNull String prefix) {
-        if (statsDir == null) return new Pair<>(0, 0);
+        if (statsDir == null || !statsDir.isDirectory()) return new Pair<>(0, 0);
 
         // Only counts the matching files.
         // The files are named in the following format:
@@ -118,9 +118,6 @@
         // See FileRotator#FileInfo for more detail.
         final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^" + prefix + "\\.[0-9]+-[0-9]*$");
 
-        // Ensure that base path exists.
-        statsDir.mkdirs();
-
         int totalFiles = 0;
         int totalBytes = 0;
         for (String name : emptyIfNull(statsDir.list())) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index eb75461..a36149e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -481,6 +481,8 @@
     @Nullable
     private final SkDestroyListener mSkDestroyListener;
 
+    private static final int MAX_SOCKET_DESTROY_LISTENER_LOGS = 20;
+
     private static @NonNull Clock getDefaultClock() {
         return new BestClock(ZoneOffset.UTC, SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock(),
                 Clock.systemUTC());
@@ -492,9 +494,10 @@
      */
     private static class OpenSessionKey {
         public final int uid;
+        @Nullable
         public final String packageName;
 
-        OpenSessionKey(int uid, @NonNull String packageName) {
+        OpenSessionKey(int uid, @Nullable String packageName) {
             this.uid = uid;
             this.packageName = packageName;
         }
@@ -880,7 +883,8 @@
         /** Create a new SkDestroyListener. */
         public SkDestroyListener makeSkDestroyListener(
                 IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> cookieTagMap, Handler handler) {
-            return new SkDestroyListener(cookieTagMap, handler, new SharedLog(TAG));
+            return new SkDestroyListener(
+                    cookieTagMap, handler, new SharedLog(MAX_SOCKET_DESTROY_LISTENER_LOGS, TAG));
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1461,7 +1465,7 @@
         return now - lastCallTime < POLL_RATE_LIMIT_MS;
     }
 
-    private int restrictFlagsForCaller(int flags, @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+    private int restrictFlagsForCaller(int flags, @Nullable String callingPackage) {
         // All non-privileged callers are not allowed to turn off POLL_ON_OPEN.
         final boolean isPrivileged = PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
@@ -1478,7 +1482,8 @@
         return flags;
     }
 
-    private INetworkStatsSession openSessionInternal(final int flags, final String callingPackage) {
+    private INetworkStatsSession openSessionInternal(
+            final int flags, @Nullable final String callingPackage) {
         final int restrictedFlags = restrictFlagsForCaller(flags, callingPackage);
         if ((restrictedFlags & (NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN
                 | NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_FORCE)) != 0) {
@@ -1495,6 +1500,7 @@
 
         return new INetworkStatsSession.Stub() {
             private final int mCallingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+            @Nullable
             private final String mCallingPackage = callingPackage;
             private final @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int mAccessLevel = checkAccessLevel(
                     callingPackage);
@@ -1633,7 +1639,7 @@
     }
 
     private void enforceTemplatePermissions(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template,
-            @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+            @Nullable String callingPackage) {
         // For a template with wifi network keys, it is possible for a malicious
         // client to track the user locations via querying data usage. Thus, enforce
         // fine location permission check.
@@ -1654,7 +1660,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(String callingPackage) {
+    private @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(@Nullable String callingPackage) {
         return NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(
                 mContext, Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackage);
     }
@@ -2909,6 +2915,12 @@
             dumpStatsMapLocked(mStatsMapB, pw, "mStatsMapB");
             dumpIfaceStatsMapLocked(pw);
             pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("SkDestroyListener logs:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mSkDestroyListener.dump(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java
index 7b68f89..a6cc2b5 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/SkDestroyListener.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructInetDiagSockId;
 
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
 /**
  * Monitor socket destroy and delete entry from cookie tag bpf map.
  */
@@ -72,4 +74,11 @@
             mLog.e("Failed to delete CookieTagMap entry for " + sockId.cookie  + ": " + e);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump the contents of SkDestroyListener log.
+     */
+    public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+        mLog.reverseDump(pw);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 7339d08..a995439 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
@@ -171,6 +172,7 @@
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig;
 import android.net.LocalNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig;
 import android.net.NativeNetworkConfig;
 import android.net.NativeNetworkType;
 import android.net.NattSocketKeepalive;
@@ -320,6 +322,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.LingerMonitor;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkDiagnostics;
@@ -328,6 +331,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkOffer;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkPreferenceList;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRanker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.PermissionMonitor;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProfileNetworkPreferenceInfo;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
@@ -347,6 +351,7 @@
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.Writer;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.SocketException;
@@ -361,6 +366,7 @@
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -496,6 +502,7 @@
     @GuardedBy("mTNSLock")
     private TestNetworkService mTNS;
     private final CompanionDeviceManagerProxyService mCdmps;
+    private final MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService;
     private final RoutingCoordinatorService mRoutingCoordinatorService;
 
     private final Object mTNSLock = new Object();
@@ -941,6 +948,8 @@
 
     private final IpConnectivityLog mMetricsLog;
 
+    @Nullable private final NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics;
+
     @GuardedBy("mBandwidthRequests")
     private final SparseArray<Integer> mBandwidthRequests = new SparseArray<>(10);
 
@@ -1421,6 +1430,30 @@
             return new AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker(c, h);
         }
 
+        public MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService makeMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(
+                    @NonNull Handler h) {
+            try {
+                return new MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(h);
+            } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+                // Multicast routing is not supported by the kernel
+                Log.i(TAG, "Skipping unsupported MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService");
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics
+         */
+        public NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics makeNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(
+                Context context) {
+            // We currently have network requests metric for Watch devices only
+            if (context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH)) {
+                return new NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics();
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
         /**
          * @see BatteryStatsManager
          */
@@ -1654,6 +1687,7 @@
                 new RequestInfoPerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID - 1);
 
         mMetricsLog = logger;
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics = mDeps.makeNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(mContext);
         final NetworkRequest defaultInternetRequest = createDefaultRequest();
         mDefaultRequest = new NetworkRequestInfo(
                 Process.myUid(), defaultInternetRequest, null,
@@ -1859,6 +1893,8 @@
         }
 
         mRoutingCoordinatorService = new RoutingCoordinatorService(netd);
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService =
+                mDeps.makeMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(mHandler);
 
         mDestroyFrozenSockets = mDeps.isAtLeastU()
                 && mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(context, KEY_DESTROY_FROZEN_SOCKETS_VERSION);
@@ -3004,26 +3040,6 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private int getAppUid(final String app, final UserHandle user) {
-        final PackageManager pm =
-                mContext.createContextAsUser(user, 0 /* flags */).getPackageManager();
-        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
-        try {
-            return pm.getPackageUid(app, 0 /* flags */);
-        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
-            return -1;
-        } finally {
-            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void verifyCallingUidAndPackage(String packageName, int callingUid) {
-        final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(callingUid);
-        if (getAppUid(packageName, user) != callingUid) {
-            throw new SecurityException(packageName + " does not belong to uid " + callingUid);
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Ensure that a network route exists to deliver traffic to the specified
      * host via the specified network interface.
@@ -3039,7 +3055,8 @@
         if (disallowedBecauseSystemCaller()) {
             return false;
         }
-        verifyCallingUidAndPackage(callingPackageName, mDeps.getCallingUid());
+        PermissionUtils.enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(
+                mContext, mDeps.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName);
         enforceChangePermission(callingPackageName, callingAttributionTag);
         if (mProtectedNetworks.contains(networkType)) {
             enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(true /* checkUidsAllowedList */);
@@ -4034,6 +4051,10 @@
         pw.increaseIndent();
         mNetworkActivityTracker.dump(pw);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Multicast routing supported: " +
+                (mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService != null));
     }
 
     private void dumpNetworks(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
@@ -5175,9 +5196,12 @@
     private void removeLocalNetworkUpstream(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo localAgent,
             @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo upstream) {
         try {
+            final String localNetworkInterfaceName = localAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            final String upstreamNetworkInterfaceName = upstream.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
             mRoutingCoordinatorService.removeInterfaceForward(
-                    localAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName(),
-                    upstream.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                    localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                    upstreamNetworkInterfaceName);
+            disableMulticastRouting(localNetworkInterfaceName, upstreamNetworkInterfaceName);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             loge("Couldn't remove interface forward for "
                     + localAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName() + " to "
@@ -5324,6 +5348,8 @@
                             updateSignalStrengthThresholds(network, "REGISTER", req);
                         }
                     }
+                } else if (req.isRequest() && mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics != null) {
+                    mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(req);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -5541,6 +5567,8 @@
             }
             if (req.isListen()) {
                 removeListenRequestFromNetworks(req);
+            } else if (req.isRequest() && mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics != null) {
+                mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(req);
             }
         }
         nri.unlinkDeathRecipient();
@@ -6292,10 +6320,8 @@
                     if (!networkFound) return;
 
                     if (underpinnedNetworkFound) {
-                        final NetworkCapabilities underpinnedNc =
-                                getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(underpinnedNetwork);
                         mKeepaliveTracker.handleMonitorAutomaticKeepalive(ki,
-                                underpinnedNetwork.netId, underpinnedNc.getUids());
+                                underpinnedNetwork.netId);
                     } else {
                         // If no underpinned network, then make sure the keepalive is running.
                         mKeepaliveTracker.handleMaybeResumeKeepalive(ki);
@@ -9095,6 +9121,71 @@
         updateCapabilities(nai.getScore(), nai, nai.networkCapabilities);
     }
 
+    private void maybeApplyMulticastRoutingConfig(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            final LocalNetworkConfig oldConfig,
+            final LocalNetworkConfig newConfig) {
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig oldUpstreamConfig =
+                oldConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        oldConfig.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig oldDownstreamConfig =
+                oldConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        oldConfig.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig newUpstreamConfig =
+                newConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        newConfig.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig newDownstreamConfig =
+                newConfig == null ? MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE :
+                        newConfig.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig();
+
+        if (oldUpstreamConfig.equals(newUpstreamConfig) &&
+            oldDownstreamConfig.equals(newDownstreamConfig)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final String downstreamNetworkName = nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+        final LocalNetworkInfo lni = localNetworkInfoForNai(nai);
+        final Network upstreamNetwork = lni.getUpstreamNetwork();
+
+        if (upstreamNetwork != null) {
+            final String upstreamNetworkName =
+                    getLinkProperties(upstreamNetwork).getInterfaceName();
+            applyMulticastRoutingConfig(downstreamNetworkName, upstreamNetworkName, newConfig);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void applyMulticastRoutingConfig(@NonNull String localNetworkInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull String upstreamNetworkInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull final LocalNetworkConfig config) {
+        if (mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService == null) {
+            if (config.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig().getForwardingMode() != FORWARD_NONE ||
+                config.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig().getForwardingMode() != FORWARD_NONE) {
+                loge("Multicast routing is not supported, failed to configure " + config
+                        + " for " + localNetworkInterfaceName + " to "
+                        +  upstreamNetworkInterfaceName);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, config.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig());
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig
+                (upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                        config.getDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig());
+    }
+
+    private void disableMulticastRouting(@NonNull String localNetworkInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull String upstreamNetworkInterfaceName) {
+        if (mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE);
+        mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig
+                (upstreamNetworkInterfaceName, localNetworkInterfaceName,
+                        MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE);
+    }
+
     // oldConfig is null iff this is the original registration of the local network config
     private void handleUpdateLocalNetworkConfig(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
             @Nullable final LocalNetworkConfig oldConfig,
@@ -9108,7 +9199,6 @@
             Log.v(TAG, "Update local network config " + nai.network.netId + " : " + newConfig);
         }
         final LocalNetworkConfig.Builder configBuilder = new LocalNetworkConfig.Builder();
-        // TODO : apply the diff for multicast routing.
         configBuilder.setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(
                 newConfig.getUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig());
         configBuilder.setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(
@@ -9167,6 +9257,7 @@
             configBuilder.setUpstreamSelector(oldRequest);
             nai.localNetworkConfig = configBuilder.build();
         }
+        maybeApplyMulticastRoutingConfig(nai, oldConfig, newConfig);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -10166,6 +10257,8 @@
                     if (null != change.mOldNetwork) {
                         mRoutingCoordinatorService.removeInterfaceForward(fromIface,
                                 change.mOldNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                        disableMulticastRouting(fromIface,
+                                change.mOldNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
                     }
                     // If the new upstream is already destroyed, there is no point in setting up
                     // a forward (in fact, it might forward to the interface for some new network !)
@@ -10174,6 +10267,9 @@
                     if (null != change.mNewNetwork && !change.mNewNetwork.isDestroyed()) {
                         mRoutingCoordinatorService.addInterfaceForward(fromIface,
                                 change.mNewNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                        applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIface,
+                                change.mNewNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName(),
+                                nai.localNetworkConfig);
                     }
                 } catch (final RemoteException e) {
                     loge("Can't update forwarding rules", e);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
index 94ba9de..31108fc 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 import android.util.LocalLog;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
-import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
@@ -75,7 +74,6 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * Manages automatic on/off socket keepalive requests.
@@ -373,27 +371,26 @@
      * Determine if any state transition is needed for the specific automatic keepalive.
      */
     public void handleMonitorAutomaticKeepalive(@NonNull final AutomaticOnOffKeepalive ki,
-            final int vpnNetId, @NonNull Set<Range<Integer>> vpnUidRanges) {
+            final int vpnNetId) {
         // Might happen if the automatic keepalive was removed by the app just as the alarm fires.
         if (!mAutomaticOnOffKeepalives.contains(ki)) return;
         if (STATE_ALWAYS_ON == ki.mAutomaticOnOffState) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Should not monitor non-auto keepalive");
         }
 
-        handleMonitorTcpConnections(ki, vpnNetId, vpnUidRanges);
+        handleMonitorTcpConnections(ki, vpnNetId);
     }
 
     /**
      * Determine if disable or re-enable keepalive is needed or not based on TCP sockets status.
      */
-    private void handleMonitorTcpConnections(@NonNull AutomaticOnOffKeepalive ki, int vpnNetId,
-            @NonNull Set<Range<Integer>> vpnUidRanges) {
+    private void handleMonitorTcpConnections(@NonNull AutomaticOnOffKeepalive ki, int vpnNetId) {
         // Might happen if the automatic keepalive was removed by the app just as the alarm fires.
         if (!mAutomaticOnOffKeepalives.contains(ki)) return;
         if (STATE_ALWAYS_ON == ki.mAutomaticOnOffState) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Should not monitor non-auto keepalive");
         }
-        if (!isAnyTcpSocketConnected(vpnNetId, vpnUidRanges)) {
+        if (!isAnyTcpSocketConnected(vpnNetId)) {
             // No TCP socket exists. Stop keepalive if ENABLED, and remain SUSPENDED if currently
             // SUSPENDED.
             if (ki.mAutomaticOnOffState == STATE_ENABLED) {
@@ -745,7 +742,7 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean isAnyTcpSocketConnected(int netId, @NonNull Set<Range<Integer>> vpnUidRanges) {
+    boolean isAnyTcpSocketConnected(int netId) {
         FileDescriptor fd = null;
 
         try {
@@ -758,8 +755,7 @@
 
             // Send request for each IP family
             for (final int family : ADDRESS_FAMILIES) {
-                if (isAnyTcpSocketConnectedForFamily(
-                        fd, family, networkMark, networkMask, vpnUidRanges)) {
+                if (isAnyTcpSocketConnectedForFamily(fd, family, networkMark, networkMask)) {
                     return true;
                 }
             }
@@ -773,7 +769,7 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isAnyTcpSocketConnectedForFamily(FileDescriptor fd, int family, int networkMark,
-            int networkMask, @NonNull Set<Range<Integer>> vpnUidRanges)
+            int networkMask)
             throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
         // Build SocketDiag messages and cache it.
@@ -802,7 +798,7 @@
                     }
 
                     final InetDiagMessage diagMsg = (InetDiagMessage) nlMsg;
-                    if (isTargetTcpSocket(diagMsg, networkMark, networkMask, vpnUidRanges)) {
+                    if (isTargetTcpSocket(diagMsg, networkMark, networkMask)) {
                         if (DBG) {
                             Log.d(TAG, String.format("Found open TCP connection by uid %d to %s"
                                             + " cookie %d",
@@ -828,19 +824,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private static boolean containsUid(Set<Range<Integer>> ranges, int uid) {
-        for (final Range<Integer> range: ranges) {
-            if (range.contains(uid)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
     private boolean isTargetTcpSocket(@NonNull InetDiagMessage diagMsg,
-            int networkMark, int networkMask, @NonNull Set<Range<Integer>> vpnUidRanges) {
-        if (!containsUid(vpnUidRanges, diagMsg.inetDiagMsg.idiag_uid)) return false;
-
+            int networkMark, int networkMask) {
         final int mark = readSocketDataAndReturnMark(diagMsg);
         return (mark & networkMask) == networkMark;
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d5001b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,820 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_NONE;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED;
+import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EADDRINUSE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_CLOEXEC;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_RAW;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketReader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SocketUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.RtNetlinkRouteMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMf6cctl;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMif6ctl;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMrt6Msg;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.MulticastSocket;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Class to coordinate multicast routing between network interfaces.
+ *
+ * <p>Supports IPv6 multicast routing.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that usage of this class is not thread-safe. All public methods must be called from the
+ * same thread that the handler from {@code dependencies.getHandler} is associated.
+ */
+public class MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService {
+    private static final String TAG = MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int ICMP6_FILTER = 1;
+    private static final int MRT6_INIT = 200;
+    private static final int MRT6_ADD_MIF = 202;
+    private static final int MRT6_DEL_MIF = 203;
+    private static final int MRT6_ADD_MFC = 204;
+    private static final int MRT6_DEL_MFC = 205;
+    private static final int ONE = 1;
+
+    private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final MulticastNocacheUpcallListener mMulticastNoCacheUpcallListener;
+    @NonNull private final FileDescriptor mMulticastRoutingFd; // For multicast routing config
+    @NonNull private final MulticastSocket mMulticastSocket; // For join group and leave group
+
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final int MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 60_000;
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final int MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS = 300_000;
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final int MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES = 1_000;
+
+    // The kernel supports max 32 virtual interfaces per multicast routing table.
+    private static final int MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES = 32;
+
+    /** Tracks if checking for inactive MFC has been scheduled */
+    private boolean mMfcPollingScheduled = false;
+
+    /** Mapping from multicast virtual interface index to interface name */
+    private SparseArray<String> mVirtualInterfaces =
+            new SparseArray<>(MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES);
+    /** Mapping from physical interface index to interface name */
+    private SparseArray<String> mInterfaces =
+            new SparseArray<>(MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES);
+
+    /** Mapping of iif to PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig */
+    private Map<String, PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig> mMulticastRoutingConfigs =
+            new HashMap<String, PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig>();
+
+    private static final class PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig {
+        // mapping of oif name to MulticastRoutingConfig
+        public Map<String, MulticastRoutingConfig> oifConfigs =
+                new HashMap<String, MulticastRoutingConfig>();
+    }
+
+    /** Tracks the MFCs added to kernel. Using LinkedHashMap to keep the added order, so
+    // when the number of MFCs reaches the max limit then the earliest added one is removed. */
+    private LinkedHashMap<MfcKey, MfcValue> mMfcs = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+    public MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(Handler h) {
+        this(h, new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    /* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if multicast routing is not supported */
+    public MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(Handler h, Dependencies dependencies) {
+        mDependencies = dependencies;
+        mMulticastRoutingFd = mDependencies.createMulticastRoutingSocket();
+        mMulticastSocket = mDependencies.createMulticastSocket();
+        mHandler = h;
+        mMulticastNoCacheUpcallListener =
+                new MulticastNocacheUpcallListener(mHandler, mMulticastRoutingFd);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mMulticastNoCacheUpcallListener.start());
+    }
+
+    private void checkOnHandlerThread() {
+        if (Looper.myLooper() != mHandler.getLooper()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread (" + mHandler.getLooper() + ") : "
+                            + Looper.myLooper());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Integer getInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+        int mapIndex = mInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName);
+        if (mapIndex < 0) return null;
+        return mInterfaces.keyAt(mapIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply multicast routing configuration
+     *
+     * @param iifName name of the incoming interface
+     * @param oifName name of the outgoing interface
+     * @param newConfig the multicast routing configuration to be applied from iif to oif
+     * @throws MulticastRoutingException when failed to apply the config
+     */
+    public void applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+            final String iifName, final String oifName, final MulticastRoutingConfig newConfig) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        if (newConfig.getForwardingMode() != FORWARD_NONE) {
+            // Make sure iif and oif are added as multicast forwarding interfaces
+            try {
+                maybeAddAndTrackInterface(iifName);
+                maybeAddAndTrackInterface(oifName);
+            } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to apply multicast routing config, ", e);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig oldConfig = getMulticastRoutingConfig(iifName, oifName);
+
+        if (oldConfig.equals(newConfig)) return;
+
+        int oldMode = oldConfig.getForwardingMode();
+        int newMode = newConfig.getForwardingMode();
+        Integer iifIndex = getInterfaceIndex(iifName);
+        if (iifIndex == null) {
+            // This cannot happen unless the new config has FORWARD_NONE but is not the same
+            // as the old config. This is not possible in current code.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Adding multicast configuration on null interface?");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // When new addresses are added to FORWARD_SELECTED mode, join these multicast groups
+        // on their upstream interface, so upstream multicast routers know about the subscription.
+        // When addresses are removed from FORWARD_SELECTED mode, leave the multicast groups.
+        final Set<Inet6Address> oldListeningAddresses =
+                (oldMode == FORWARD_SELECTED)
+                        ? oldConfig.getListeningAddresses()
+                        : new ArraySet<>();
+        final Set<Inet6Address> newListeningAddresses =
+                (newMode == FORWARD_SELECTED)
+                        ? newConfig.getListeningAddresses()
+                        : new ArraySet<>();
+        final CompareResult<Inet6Address> addressDiff =
+                new CompareResult<>(oldListeningAddresses, newListeningAddresses);
+        joinGroups(iifIndex, addressDiff.added);
+        leaveGroups(iifIndex, addressDiff.removed);
+
+        setMulticastRoutingConfig(iifName, oifName, newConfig);
+        Log.d(
+                TAG,
+                "Applied multicast routing config for iif "
+                        + iifName
+                        + " to oif "
+                        + oifName
+                        + " with Config "
+                        + newConfig);
+
+        // Update existing MFCs to make sure they align with the updated configuration
+        updateMfcs();
+
+        if (newConfig.getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_NONE) {
+            if (!hasActiveMulticastConfig(iifName)) {
+                removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(iifName);
+            }
+            if (!hasActiveMulticastConfig(oifName)) {
+                removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(oifName);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes an network interface from multicast routing.
+     *
+     * <p>Remove the network interface from multicast configs and remove it from the list of
+     * multicast routing interfaces in the kernel
+     *
+     * @param ifName name of the interface that should be removed
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(final String ifName) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        final Integer virtualIndex = getVirtualInterfaceIndex(ifName);
+        if (virtualIndex == null) return;
+
+        updateMfcs();
+        mInterfaces.removeAt(mInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName));
+        mVirtualInterfaces.remove(virtualIndex);
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6DelMif(mMulticastRoutingFd, virtualIndex);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Removed mifi " + virtualIndex + " from MIF");
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to remove multicast virtual interface" + virtualIndex, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getNextAvailableVirtualIndex() {
+        if (mVirtualInterfaces.size() >= MAX_NUM_OF_MULTICAST_VIRTUAL_INTERFACES) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Can't allocate new multicast virtual interface");
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < mVirtualInterfaces.size(); i++) {
+            if (!mVirtualInterfaces.contains(i)) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return mVirtualInterfaces.size();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public Integer getVirtualInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+        int mapIndex = mVirtualInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName);
+        if (mapIndex < 0) return null;
+        return mVirtualInterfaces.keyAt(mapIndex);
+    }
+
+    private Integer getVirtualInterfaceIndex(int physicalIndex) {
+        String ifName = mInterfaces.get(physicalIndex);
+        if (ifName == null) {
+            // This is only used to match MFCs from kernel to MFCs we know about.
+            // Unknown MFCs should be ignored.
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getVirtualInterfaceIndex(ifName);
+    }
+
+    private String getInterfaceName(int virtualIndex) {
+        return mVirtualInterfaces.get(virtualIndex);
+    }
+
+    private void maybeAddAndTrackInterface(String ifName) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (mVirtualInterfaces.indexOfValue(ifName) >= 0) return;
+
+        int nextVirtualIndex = getNextAvailableVirtualIndex();
+        int ifIndex = mDependencies.getInterfaceIndex(ifName);
+        final StructMif6ctl mif6ctl =
+                    new StructMif6ctl(
+                            nextVirtualIndex,
+                            (short) 0 /* mif6c_flags */,
+                            (short) 1 /* vifc_threshold */,
+                            ifIndex,
+                            0 /* vifc_rate_limit */);
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6AddMif(mMulticastRoutingFd, mif6ctl);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Added mifi " + nextVirtualIndex + " to MIF");
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to add multicast virtual interface", e);
+            return;
+        }
+        mVirtualInterfaces.put(nextVirtualIndex, ifName);
+        mInterfaces.put(ifIndex, ifName);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public MulticastRoutingConfig getMulticastRoutingConfig(String iifName, String oifName) {
+        PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig configs = mMulticastRoutingConfigs.get(iifName);
+        final MulticastRoutingConfig defaultConfig = MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
+        if (configs == null) {
+            return defaultConfig;
+        } else {
+            return configs.oifConfigs.getOrDefault(oifName, defaultConfig);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setMulticastRoutingConfig(
+            final String iifName, final String oifName, final MulticastRoutingConfig config) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig iifConfig = mMulticastRoutingConfigs.get(iifName);
+
+        if (config.getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_NONE) {
+            if (iifConfig != null) {
+                iifConfig.oifConfigs.remove(oifName);
+            }
+            if (iifConfig.oifConfigs.isEmpty()) {
+                mMulticastRoutingConfigs.remove(iifName);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (iifConfig == null) {
+            iifConfig = new PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig();
+            mMulticastRoutingConfigs.put(iifName, iifConfig);
+        }
+        iifConfig.oifConfigs.put(oifName, config);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether an interface has multicast routing config */
+    private boolean hasActiveMulticastConfig(final String ifName) {
+        // FORWARD_NONE configs are not saved in the config tables, so
+        // any existing config is an active multicast routing config
+        if (mMulticastRoutingConfigs.containsKey(ifName)) return true;
+        for (var pic : mMulticastRoutingConfigs.values()) {
+            if (pic.oifConfigs.containsKey(ifName)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A multicast forwarding cache (MFC) entry holds a multicast forwarding route where packet from
+     * incoming interface(iif) with source address(S) to group address (G) are forwarded to outgoing
+     * interfaces(oifs).
+     *
+     * <p>iif, S and G identifies an MFC entry. For example an MFC1 is added: [iif1, S1, G1, oifs1]
+     * Adding another MFC2 of [iif1, S1, G1, oifs2] to the kernel overwrites MFC1.
+     */
+    private static final class MfcKey {
+        public final int mIifVirtualIdx;
+        public final Inet6Address mSrcAddr;
+        public final Inet6Address mDstAddr;
+
+        public MfcKey(int iif, Inet6Address src, Inet6Address dst) {
+            mIifVirtualIdx = iif;
+            mSrcAddr = src;
+            mDstAddr = dst;
+        }
+
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other == this) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (!(other instanceof MfcKey)) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                MfcKey otherKey = (MfcKey) other;
+                return mIifVirtualIdx == otherKey.mIifVirtualIdx
+                        && mSrcAddr.equals(otherKey.mSrcAddr)
+                        && mDstAddr.equals(otherKey.mDstAddr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mIifVirtualIdx, mSrcAddr, mDstAddr);
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return "{iifVirtualIndex: "
+                    + Integer.toString(mIifVirtualIdx)
+                    + ", sourceAddress: "
+                    + mSrcAddr.toString()
+                    + ", destinationAddress: "
+                    + mDstAddr.toString()
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class MfcValue {
+        private Set<Integer> mOifVirtualIndices;
+        // timestamp of when the mfc was last used in the kernel
+        // (e.g. created, or used to forward a packet)
+        private Instant mLastUsedAt;
+
+        public MfcValue(Set<Integer> oifs, Instant timestamp) {
+            mOifVirtualIndices = oifs;
+            mLastUsedAt = timestamp;
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasSameOifsAs(MfcValue other) {
+            return this.mOifVirtualIndices.equals(other.mOifVirtualIndices);
+        }
+
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other == this) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (!(other instanceof MfcValue)) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                MfcValue otherValue = (MfcValue) other;
+                return mOifVirtualIndices.equals(otherValue.mOifVirtualIndices)
+                        && mLastUsedAt.equals(otherValue.mLastUsedAt);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mOifVirtualIndices, mLastUsedAt);
+        }
+
+        public Set<Integer> getOifIndices() {
+            return mOifVirtualIndices;
+        }
+
+        public void setLastUsedAt(Instant timestamp) {
+            mLastUsedAt = timestamp;
+        }
+
+        public Instant getLastUsedAt() {
+            return mLastUsedAt;
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return "{oifVirtualIdxes: "
+                    + mOifVirtualIndices.toString()
+                    + ", lastUsedAt: "
+                    + mLastUsedAt.toString()
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the MFC value for the given MFC key according to current multicast routing config. If
+     * the MFC should be removed return null.
+     */
+    private MfcValue computeMfcValue(int iif, Inet6Address dst) {
+        final int dstScope = getGroupAddressScope(dst);
+        Set<Integer> forwardingOifs = new ArraySet<>();
+
+        PerInterfaceMulticastRoutingConfig iifConfig =
+                mMulticastRoutingConfigs.get(getInterfaceName(iif));
+
+        if (iifConfig == null) {
+            // An iif may have been removed from multicast routing, in this
+            // case remove the MFC directly
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        for (var config : iifConfig.oifConfigs.entrySet()) {
+            if ((config.getValue().getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE
+                            && config.getValue().getMinimumScope() <= dstScope)
+                    || (config.getValue().getForwardingMode() == FORWARD_SELECTED
+                            && config.getValue().getListeningAddresses().contains(dst))) {
+                forwardingOifs.add(getVirtualInterfaceIndex(config.getKey()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new MfcValue(forwardingOifs, Instant.now(mDependencies.getClock()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given the iif, source address and group destination address, add an MFC entry or update the
+     * existing MFC according to the multicast routing config. If such an MFC should not exist,
+     * return null for caller of the function to remove it.
+     *
+     * <p>Note that if a packet has no matching MFC entry in the kernel, kernel creates an
+     * unresolved route and notifies multicast socket with a NOCACHE upcall message. The unresolved
+     * route is kept for no less than 10s. If packets with the same source and destination arrives
+     * before the 10s timeout, they will not be notified. Thus we need to add a 'blocking' MFC which
+     * is an MFC with an empty oif list. When the multicast configs changes, the 'blocking' MFC
+     * will be updated to a 'forwarding' MFC so that corresponding multicast traffic can be
+     * forwarded instantly.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the MFC is updated and no operation is needed from caller.
+     * {@code false} if the MFC should not be added, caller of the function should remove
+     * the MFC if needed.
+     */
+    private boolean addOrUpdateMfc(int vif, Inet6Address src, Inet6Address dst) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        final MfcKey key = new MfcKey(vif, src, dst);
+        final MfcValue value = mMfcs.get(key);
+        final MfcValue updatedValue = computeMfcValue(vif, dst);
+
+        if (updatedValue == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (value != null && value.hasSameOifsAs(updatedValue)) {
+            // no updates to make
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        final StructMf6cctl mf6cctl =
+                new StructMf6cctl(src, dst, vif, updatedValue.getOifIndices());
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(mMulticastRoutingFd, mf6cctl);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to add MFC: " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        mMfcs.put(key, updatedValue);
+        String operation = (value == null ? "Added" : "Updated");
+        Log.d(TAG, operation + " MFC key: " + key + " value: " + updatedValue);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void checkMfcsExpiration() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        // Check if there are inactive MFCs that can be removed
+        refreshMfcInactiveDuration();
+        maybeExpireMfcs();
+        if (mMfcs.size() > 0) {
+            mHandler.postDelayed(() -> checkMfcsExpiration(), MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
+            mMfcPollingScheduled = true;
+        } else {
+            mMfcPollingScheduled = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkMfcEntriesLimit() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        // If the max number of MFC entries is reached, remove the first MFC entry. This can be
+        // any entry, as if this entry is needed again there will be a NOCACHE upcall to add it
+        // back.
+        if (mMfcs.size() == MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Reached max number of MFC entries " + MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES);
+            var iter = mMfcs.entrySet().iterator();
+            MfcKey firstMfcKey = iter.next().getKey();
+            removeMfcFromKernel(firstMfcKey);
+            iter.remove();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads multicast routes information from the kernel, and update the last used timestamp for
+     * each multicast route save in this class.
+     */
+    private void refreshMfcInactiveDuration() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        final List<RtNetlinkRouteMessage> multicastRoutes = NetlinkUtils.getIpv6MulticastRoutes();
+
+        for (var route : multicastRoutes) {
+            if (!route.isResolved()) {
+                continue; // Don't handle unresolved mfc, the kernel will recycle in 10s
+            }
+            Integer iif = getVirtualInterfaceIndex(route.getIifIndex());
+            if (iif == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Can't find kernel returned IIF " + route.getIifIndex());
+                return;
+            }
+            final MfcKey key =
+                    new MfcKey(
+                            iif,
+                            (Inet6Address) route.getSource().getAddress(),
+                            (Inet6Address) route.getDestination().getAddress());
+            MfcValue value = mMfcs.get(key);
+            if (value == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Can't find kernel returned MFC " + key);
+                continue;
+            }
+            value.setLastUsedAt(
+                    Instant.now(mDependencies.getClock())
+                            .minusMillis(route.getSinceLastUseMillis()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove MFC entry from mMfcs map and the kernel if exists. */
+    private void removeMfcFromKernel(MfcKey key) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        final MfcValue value = mMfcs.get(key);
+        final Set<Integer> oifs = new ArraySet<>();
+        final StructMf6cctl mf6cctl =
+                new StructMf6cctl(key.mSrcAddr, key.mDstAddr, key.mIifVirtualIdx, oifs);
+        try {
+            mDependencies.setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(mMulticastRoutingFd, mf6cctl);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "failed to remove MFC: " + e);
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.d(TAG, "Removed MFC key: " + key + " value: " + value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is called every MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS milliseconds to remove any MFC that is
+     * inactive for more than MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS milliseconds.
+     */
+    private void maybeExpireMfcs() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        for (var it = mMfcs.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+            var entry = it.next();
+            if (entry.getValue()
+                    .getLastUsedAt()
+                    .plusMillis(MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                    .isBefore(Instant.now(mDependencies.getClock()))) {
+                removeMfcFromKernel(entry.getKey());
+                it.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateMfcs() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        for (Iterator<Map.Entry<MfcKey, MfcValue>> it = mMfcs.entrySet().iterator();
+                it.hasNext(); ) {
+            MfcKey key = it.next().getKey();
+            if (!addOrUpdateMfc(key.mIifVirtualIdx, key.mSrcAddr, key.mDstAddr)) {
+                removeMfcFromKernel(key);
+                it.remove();
+            }
+        }
+
+        refreshMfcInactiveDuration();
+    }
+
+    private void joinGroups(int ifIndex, List<Inet6Address> addresses) {
+        for (Inet6Address address : addresses) {
+            InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+            try {
+                mMulticastSocket.joinGroup(
+                        socketAddress, mDependencies.getNetworkInterface(ifIndex));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (e.getCause() instanceof ErrnoException) {
+                    ErrnoException ee = (ErrnoException) e.getCause();
+                    if (ee.errno == EADDRINUSE) {
+                        // The list of added address are calculated from address changes,
+                        // repeated join group is unexpected
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Already joined group" + e);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                Log.e(TAG, "failed to join group: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void leaveGroups(int ifIndex, List<Inet6Address> addresses) {
+        for (Inet6Address address : addresses) {
+            InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(address, 0);
+            try {
+                mMulticastSocket.leaveGroup(
+                        socketAddress, mDependencies.getNetworkInterface(ifIndex));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "failed to leave group: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getGroupAddressScope(Inet6Address address) {
+        return address.getAddress()[1] & 0xf;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handles a NoCache upcall that indicates a multicast packet is received and requires
+     * a multicast forwarding cache to be added.
+     *
+     * A forwarding or blocking MFC is added according to the multicast config.
+     *
+     * The number of MFCs is checked to make sure it doesn't exceed the
+     * {@code MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES} limit.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void handleMulticastNocacheUpcall(final StructMrt6Msg mrt6Msg) {
+        final int iifVid = mrt6Msg.mif;
+
+        // add MFC to forward the packet or add blocking MFC to not forward the packet
+        // If the packet comes from an interface the service doesn't care about, the
+        // addOrUpdateMfc function will return null and not MFC will be added.
+        if (!addOrUpdateMfc(iifVid, mrt6Msg.src, mrt6Msg.dst)) return;
+        // If the list of MFCs is not empty and there is no MFC check scheduled,
+        // schedule one now
+        if (!mMfcPollingScheduled) {
+            mHandler.postDelayed(() -> checkMfcsExpiration(), MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
+            mMfcPollingScheduled = true;
+        }
+
+        checkMfcEntriesLimit();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A packet reader that handles the packets sent to the multicast routing socket
+     */
+    private final class MulticastNocacheUpcallListener extends PacketReader {
+        private final FileDescriptor mFd;
+
+        public MulticastNocacheUpcallListener(Handler h, FileDescriptor fd) {
+            super(h);
+            mFd = fd;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected FileDescriptor createFd() {
+            return mFd;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void handlePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length) {
+            final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(recvbuf);
+            final StructMrt6Msg mrt6Msg = StructMrt6Msg.parse(buf);
+            if (mrt6Msg.msgType != StructMrt6Msg.MRT6MSG_NOCACHE) {
+                return;
+            }
+            handleMulticastNocacheUpcall(mrt6Msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Dependencies of RoutingCoordinatorService, for test injections. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        private final Clock mClock = Clock.system(ZoneId.systemDefault());
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a socket to configure multicast routing in the kernel.
+         *
+         * <p>If the kernel doesn't support multicast routing, then the {@code setsockoptInt} with
+         * {@code MRT6_INIT} method would fail.
+         *
+         * @return the multicast routing socket, or null if it fails to be created/configured.
+         */
+        public FileDescriptor createMulticastRoutingSocket() {
+            FileDescriptor sock = null;
+            byte[] filter = new byte[32]; // filter all ICMPv6 messages
+            try {
+                sock = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
+                Os.setsockoptInt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_INIT, ONE);
+                NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(sock, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, filter);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "failed to create multicast socket: " + e);
+                if (sock != null) {
+                    SocketUtils.closeSocketQuietly(sock);
+                }
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Multicast routing is not supported ", e);
+            }
+            Log.i(TAG, "socket created for multicast routing: " + sock);
+            return sock;
+        }
+
+        public MulticastSocket createMulticastSocket() {
+            try {
+                return new MulticastSocket();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to create multicast socket " + e);
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6AddMif(FileDescriptor fd, StructMif6ctl mif6ctl)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            final byte[] bytes = mif6ctl.writeToBytes();
+            NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_ADD_MIF, bytes);
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6DelMif(FileDescriptor fd, int virtualIfIndex)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_DEL_MIF, virtualIfIndex);
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(FileDescriptor fd, StructMf6cctl mf6cctl)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            final byte[] bytes = mf6cctl.writeToBytes();
+            NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_ADD_MFC, bytes);
+        }
+
+        public void setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(FileDescriptor fd, StructMf6cctl mf6cctl)
+                throws ErrnoException {
+            final byte[] bytes = mf6cctl.writeToBytes();
+            NetworkUtils.setsockoptBytes(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_DEL_MFC, bytes);
+        }
+
+        public Integer getInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+            try {
+                NetworkInterface ni = NetworkInterface.getByName(ifName);
+                return ni.getIndex();
+            } catch (NullPointerException | SocketException e) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public NetworkInterface getNetworkInterface(int physicalIndex) {
+            try {
+                return NetworkInterface.getByIndex(physicalIndex);
+            } catch (SocketException e) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Clock getClock() {
+            return mClock;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab3d315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils;
+
+
+class NetworkRequestStateInfo {
+    private final NetworkRequest mNetworkRequest;
+    private final long mNetworkRequestReceivedTime;
+
+    private enum NetworkRequestState {
+        RECEIVED,
+        REMOVED
+    }
+    private NetworkRequestState mNetworkRequestState;
+    private int mNetworkRequestDurationMillis;
+    private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    NetworkRequestStateInfo(NetworkRequest networkRequest,
+            Dependencies deps) {
+        mDependencies = deps;
+        mNetworkRequest = networkRequest;
+        mNetworkRequestReceivedTime = mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime();
+        mNetworkRequestDurationMillis = 0;
+        mNetworkRequestState = NetworkRequestState.RECEIVED;
+    }
+
+    NetworkRequestStateInfo(NetworkRequestStateInfo anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo) {
+        mDependencies = anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mDependencies;
+        mNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest(anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequest);
+        mNetworkRequestReceivedTime = anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequestReceivedTime;
+        mNetworkRequestDurationMillis =
+                anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequestDurationMillis;
+        mNetworkRequestState = anotherNetworkRequestStateInfo.mNetworkRequestState;
+    }
+
+    public void setNetworkRequestRemoved() {
+        mNetworkRequestState = NetworkRequestState.REMOVED;
+        mNetworkRequestDurationMillis = (int) (
+                mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime() - mNetworkRequestReceivedTime);
+    }
+
+    public int getNetworkRequestStateStatsType() {
+        if (mNetworkRequestState == NetworkRequestState.RECEIVED) {
+            return NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+        } else if (mNetworkRequestState == NetworkRequestState.REMOVED) {
+            return NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+        } else {
+            return NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getRequestId() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.requestId;
+    }
+
+    public int getPackageUid() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.networkCapabilities.getRequestorUid();
+    }
+
+    public int getTransportTypes() {
+        return (int) BitUtils.packBits(mNetworkRequest.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes());
+    }
+
+    public boolean getNetCapabilityNotMetered() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+    }
+
+    public boolean getNetCapabilityInternet() {
+        return mNetworkRequest.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+    }
+
+    public int getNetworkRequestDurationMillis() {
+        return mNetworkRequestDurationMillis;
+    }
+
+    /** Dependency class */
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        // Returns a timestamp with the time base of SystemClock.elapsedRealtime to keep durations
+        // relative to start time and avoid timezone change, including time spent in deep sleep.
+        public long getElapsedRealtime() {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bc654a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.java
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+
+/**
+ * A Connectivity Service helper class to push atoms capturing network requests have been received
+ * and removed and its metadata.
+ *
+ * Atom events are logged in the ConnectivityStatsLog. Network request id: network request metadata
+ * hashmap is stored to calculate network request duration when it is removed.
+ *
+ * Note that this class is not thread-safe. The instance of the class needs to be
+ * synchronized in the callers when being used in multiple threads.
+ */
+public class NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics {
+
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics";
+    private static final int CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC = 0;
+    private static final int CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC = 1;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS = 20;
+
+    // Stats logging frequency is limited to 10 ms at least, 500ms are taken as a safely margin
+    // for cases of longer periods of frequent network requests.
+    private static final int ATOM_INTERVAL_MS = 500;
+    private final StatsLoggingHandler mStatsLoggingHandler;
+
+    private final Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    private final NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies mNRStateInfoDeps;
+    private final SparseArray<NetworkRequestStateInfo> mNetworkRequestsActive;
+
+    public NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics() {
+        this(new Dependencies(), new NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(Dependencies deps,
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies nrStateInfoDeps) {
+        mNetworkRequestsActive = new SparseArray<>();
+        mDependencies = deps;
+        mNRStateInfoDeps = nrStateInfoDeps;
+        HandlerThread handlerThread = mDependencies.makeHandlerThread(TAG);
+        handlerThread.start();
+        mStatsLoggingHandler = new StatsLoggingHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register network request receive event, push RECEIVE atom
+     *
+     * @param networkRequest network request received
+     */
+    public void onNetworkRequestReceived(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
+        if (mNetworkRequestsActive.contains(networkRequest.requestId)) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Received already registered network request, id = "
+                    + networkRequest.requestId);
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Registered nr with ID = " + networkRequest.requestId
+                    + ", package_uid = " + networkRequest.networkCapabilities.getRequestorUid());
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(
+                    networkRequest, mNRStateInfoDeps);
+            mNetworkRequestsActive.put(networkRequest.requestId, networkRequestStateInfo);
+            mStatsLoggingHandler.sendMessage(Message.obtain(
+                    mStatsLoggingHandler,
+                    CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                    networkRequestStateInfo));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register network request remove event, push REMOVE atom
+     *
+     * @param networkRequest network request removed
+     */
+    public void onNetworkRequestRemoved(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = mNetworkRequestsActive.get(
+                networkRequest.requestId);
+        if (networkRequestStateInfo == null) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "This NR hasn't been registered. NR id = " + networkRequest.requestId);
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Removed nr with ID = " + networkRequest.requestId);
+            mNetworkRequestsActive.remove(networkRequest.requestId);
+            networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(networkRequestStateInfo);
+            networkRequestStateInfo.setNetworkRequestRemoved();
+            mStatsLoggingHandler.sendMessage(Message.obtain(
+                    mStatsLoggingHandler,
+                    CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                    networkRequestStateInfo));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Dependency class */
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Creates a thread with provided tag.
+         *
+         * @param tag for the thread.
+         */
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread(@NonNull final String tag) {
+            return new HandlerThread(tag);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see Handler#sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)
+         */
+        public void sendMessageDelayed(@NonNull Handler handler, int what, long delayMillis) {
+            handler.sendMessageDelayed(Message.obtain(handler, what), delayMillis);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets number of millis since event.
+         *
+         * @param eventTimeMillis long timestamp in millis when the event occurred.
+         */
+        public long getMillisSinceEvent(long eventTimeMillis) {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - eventTimeMillis;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED event to ConnectivityStatsLog.
+         *
+         * @param networkRequestStateInfo NetworkRequestStateInfo containing network request info.
+         */
+        public void writeStats(NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo) {
+            ConnectivityStatsLog.write(
+                    NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED,
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getPackageUid(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getTransportTypes(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetCapabilityNotMetered(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetCapabilityInternet(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType(),
+                    networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class StatsLoggingHandler extends Handler {
+        private static final String TAG = "NetworkRequestsStateStatsLoggingHandler";
+
+        private final ArrayDeque<NetworkRequestStateInfo> mPendingState = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+        private long mLastLogTime = 0;
+
+        StatsLoggingHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        private void maybeEnqueueStatsMessage(NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo) {
+            if (mPendingState.size() < MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS) {
+                mPendingState.add(networkRequestStateInfo);
+            } else {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Too many network requests received within last " + ATOM_INTERVAL_MS
+                        + " ms, dropping the last network request (id = "
+                        + networkRequestStateInfo.getRequestId() + ") event");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (hasMessages(CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            long millisSinceLastLog = mDependencies.getMillisSinceEvent(mLastLogTime);
+
+            if (millisSinceLastLog >= ATOM_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                sendMessage(
+                        Message.obtain(this, CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC));
+            } else {
+                mDependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                        this,
+                        CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                        ATOM_INTERVAL_MS - millisSinceLastLog);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo loggingInfo;
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_SEND_MAYBE_ENQUEUE_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC:
+                    maybeEnqueueStatsMessage((NetworkRequestStateInfo) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC:
+                    mLastLogTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+                    if (!mPendingState.isEmpty()) {
+                        loggingInfo = mPendingState.remove();
+                        mDependencies.writeStats(loggingInfo);
+                        if (!mPendingState.isEmpty()) {
+                            mDependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                                    this,
+                                    CMD_SEND_PENDING_NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_METRIC,
+                                    ATOM_INTERVAL_MS);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default: // fall out
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java
index dab9694..bf447d3 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/arp/ArpPacket.java
@@ -45,14 +45,18 @@
 public class ArpPacket {
     private static final String TAG = "ArpPacket";
 
+    public final MacAddress destination;
+    public final MacAddress source;
     public final short opCode;
     public final Inet4Address senderIp;
     public final Inet4Address targetIp;
     public final MacAddress senderHwAddress;
     public final MacAddress targetHwAddress;
 
-    ArpPacket(short opCode, MacAddress senderHwAddress, Inet4Address senderIp,
-            MacAddress targetHwAddress, Inet4Address targetIp) {
+    ArpPacket(MacAddress destination, MacAddress source, short opCode, MacAddress senderHwAddress,
+            Inet4Address senderIp, MacAddress targetHwAddress, Inet4Address targetIp) {
+        this.destination = destination;
+        this.source = source;
         this.opCode = opCode;
         this.senderHwAddress = senderHwAddress;
         this.senderIp = senderIp;
@@ -145,7 +149,9 @@
             buffer.get(targetHwAddress);
             buffer.get(targetIp);
 
-            return new ArpPacket(opCode, MacAddress.fromBytes(senderHwAddress),
+            return new ArpPacket(MacAddress.fromBytes(l2dst),
+                    MacAddress.fromBytes(l2src), opCode,
+                    MacAddress.fromBytes(senderHwAddress),
                     (Inet4Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(senderIp),
                     MacAddress.fromBytes(targetHwAddress),
                     (Inet4Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(targetIp));
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java
index dbd83d0..b980c7d 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/InetDiagMessage.java
@@ -24,11 +24,9 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_INET_DIAG;
 
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_DONE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCK_DESTROY;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.SOCKDIAG_MSG_HEADER_SIZE;
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.hexify;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.stringForAddressFamily;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.stringForProtocol;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE;
@@ -182,7 +180,10 @@
         while (payload.position() < payloadLength) {
             final StructNlAttr attr = StructNlAttr.parse(payload);
             // Stop parsing for truncated or malformed attribute
-            if (attr == null)  return null;
+            if (attr == null)  {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Got truncated or malformed attribute");
+                return null;
+            }
 
             msg.nlAttrs.add(attr);
         }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java
index cd1f31c..f6bee69 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LocationPermissionChecker.java
@@ -189,8 +189,9 @@
      * @param message A message describing why the permission was checked. Only needed if this is
      *                not inside of a two-way binder call from the data receiver
      */
-    public boolean checkCallersLocationPermission(String pkgName, @Nullable String featureId,
-            int uid, boolean coarseForTargetSdkLessThanQ, @Nullable String message) {
+    public boolean checkCallersLocationPermission(@Nullable String pkgName,
+            @Nullable String featureId, int uid, boolean coarseForTargetSdkLessThanQ,
+            @Nullable String message) {
 
         boolean isTargetSdkLessThanQ = isTargetSdkLessThan(pkgName, Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, uid);
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
index 8315b8f..f167d3d 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -183,4 +185,33 @@
         }
         return result;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Enforces that the given package name belongs to the given uid.
+     *
+     * @param context {@link android.content.Context} for the process.
+     * @param uid User ID to check the package ownership for.
+     * @param packageName Package name to verify.
+     * @throws SecurityException If the package does not belong to the specified uid.
+     */
+    public static void enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(
+            @NonNull Context context, int uid, @Nullable String packageName) {
+        final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid);
+        if (getAppUid(context, packageName, user) != uid) {
+            throw new SecurityException(packageName + " does not belong to uid " + uid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getAppUid(Context context, final String app, final UserHandle user) {
+        final PackageManager pm =
+                context.createContextAsUser(user, 0 /* flags */).getPackageManager();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            return pm.getPackageUid(app, 0 /* flags */);
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+            return -1;
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java
index e25d554..29e84c9 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/ArpPacketTest.java
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
             0x00, 0x1a, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x33 };
     private static final byte[] TEST_TARGET_MAC_ADDR = new byte[] {
             0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
+    private static final MacAddress TEST_DESTINATION_MAC = MacAddress.fromBytes(ETHER_BROADCAST);
+    private static final MacAddress TEST_SOURCE_MAC = MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_SENDER_MAC_ADDR);
     private static final byte[] TEST_ARP_PROBE = new byte[] {
         // dst mac address
         (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
@@ -163,6 +165,8 @@
     @Test
     public void testParseArpProbePacket() throws Exception {
         final ArpPacket packet = ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(TEST_ARP_PROBE, TEST_ARP_PROBE.length);
+        assertEquals(packet.destination, TEST_DESTINATION_MAC);
+        assertEquals(packet.source, TEST_SOURCE_MAC);
         assertEquals(packet.opCode, ARP_REQUEST);
         assertEquals(packet.senderHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_SENDER_MAC_ADDR));
         assertEquals(packet.targetHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_TARGET_MAC_ADDR));
@@ -174,6 +178,8 @@
     public void testParseArpAnnouncePacket() throws Exception {
         final ArpPacket packet = ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(TEST_ARP_ANNOUNCE,
                 TEST_ARP_ANNOUNCE.length);
+        assertEquals(packet.destination, TEST_DESTINATION_MAC);
+        assertEquals(packet.source, TEST_SOURCE_MAC);
         assertEquals(packet.opCode, ARP_REQUEST);
         assertEquals(packet.senderHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_SENDER_MAC_ADDR));
         assertEquals(packet.targetHwAddress, MacAddress.fromBytes(TEST_TARGET_MAC_ADDR));
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt
index c5a91a4..d5b43fb 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtilsTest.kt
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
 import android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceAnyPermissionOf
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr
+import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforcePackageNameMatchesUid
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceSystemFeature
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
@@ -42,7 +44,10 @@
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 
 /** Tests for PermissionUtils */
@@ -53,6 +58,9 @@
     val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
     private val TEST_PERMISSION1 = "android.permission.TEST_PERMISSION1"
     private val TEST_PERMISSION2 = "android.permission.TEST_PERMISSION2"
+    private val TEST_UID1 = 1234
+    private val TEST_UID2 = 1235
+    private val TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "test.package"
     private val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
     private val mockPackageManager = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
 
@@ -61,6 +69,7 @@
     @Before
     fun setup() {
         doReturn(mockPackageManager).`when`(mockContext).packageManager
+        doReturn(mockContext).`when`(mockContext).createContextAsUser(any(), anyInt())
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -141,4 +150,24 @@
             Assert.fail("Exception should have not been thrown with system feature enabled")
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEnforcePackageNameMatchesUid() {
+        // Verify name not found throws.
+        doThrow(NameNotFoundException()).`when`(mockPackageManager)
+            .getPackageUid(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME), anyInt())
+        assertFailsWith<SecurityException> {
+            enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(mockContext, TEST_UID1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME)
+        }
+
+        // Verify uid mismatch throws.
+        doReturn(TEST_UID1).`when`(mockPackageManager)
+            .getPackageUid(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME), anyInt())
+        assertFailsWith<SecurityException> {
+            enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(mockContext, TEST_UID2, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME)
+        }
+
+        // Verify uid match passes.
+        enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(mockContext, TEST_UID1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
index a5c4fea..43853ee 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@
         "cts",
         "mts-networking",
         "mcts-networking",
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "mcts-tethering",
     ],
     data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
index 04d054d..0d7365f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@
         setBatterySaverMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
         setBatterySaverMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Although it should not have access while the screen is off.
         turnScreenOff();
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
         turnScreenOn();
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Goes back to background state.
         finishActivity();
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
         setBatterySaverMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         setBatterySaverMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
         stopForegroundService();
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
index e0ce4ea..b037953 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE;
 
@@ -62,9 +64,9 @@
         setDozeMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         setDozeMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
         stopForegroundService();
-        assertBackgroundState();
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
     }
 
@@ -136,6 +138,6 @@
     protected void assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         stopForegroundService();
-        assertBackgroundState();
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index 198b009..29aac3c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP;
 import static android.app.job.JobScheduler.RESULT_SUCCESS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
 import static android.os.BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_ANY;
@@ -38,7 +41,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.app.ActivityManager;
 import android.app.Instrumentation;
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
 import android.app.job.JobInfo;
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.AmUtils;
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BatteryUtils;
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.DeviceConfigStateHelper;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingRunnable;
 
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.rules.RuleChain;
@@ -76,6 +79,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
  * Superclass for tests related to background network restrictions.
@@ -126,8 +130,6 @@
     private static final int SECOND_IN_MS = 1000;
     static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = 15 * SECOND_IN_MS;
 
-    private static int PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
-
     private static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
     private static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
 
@@ -171,9 +173,6 @@
             .around(new MeterednessConfigurationRule());
 
     protected void setUp() throws Exception {
-        // TODO: Annotate these constants with @TestApi instead of obtaining them using reflection
-        PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = (Integer) ActivityManager.class
-                .getDeclaredField("PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE").get(null);
         mInstrumentation = getInstrumentation();
         mContext = getContext();
         mCm = getConnectivityManager();
@@ -284,44 +283,20 @@
                 restrictBackgroundValueToString(Integer.parseInt(status)));
     }
 
-    protected void assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
-        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(expectAllowed, null);
-    }
-
     /**
-     * Asserts whether the active network is available or not for the background app. If the network
-     * is unavailable, also checks whether it is blocked by the expected error.
-     *
-     * @param expectAllowed expect background network access to be allowed or not.
-     * @param expectedUnavailableError the expected error when {@code expectAllowed} is false. It's
-     *                                 meaningful only when the {@code expectAllowed} is 'false'.
-     *                                 Throws an IllegalArgumentException when {@code expectAllowed}
-     *                                 is true and this parameter is not null. When the
-     *                                 {@code expectAllowed} is 'false' and this parameter is null,
-     *                                 this function does not compare error type of the networking
-     *                                 access failure.
+     * @deprecated The definition of "background" can be ambiguous. Use separate calls to
+     * {@link #assertProcessStateBelow(int)} with
+     * {@link #assertNetworkAccess(boolean, boolean, String)} to be explicit, instead.
      */
-    protected void assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed,
-            @Nullable final String expectedUnavailableError) throws Exception {
-        assertBackgroundState();
-        if (expectAllowed && expectedUnavailableError != null) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("expectedUnavailableError is not null");
-        }
-        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed /* expectAvailable */, false /* needScreenOn */,
-                expectedUnavailableError);
+    @Deprecated
+    protected void assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed, false, null);
     }
 
-    protected void assertForegroundNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(true);
-    }
-
-    protected void assertForegroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
-        assertForegroundState();
-        // We verified that app is in foreground state but if the screen turns-off while
-        // verifying for network access, the app will go into background state (in case app's
-        // foreground status was due to top activity). So, turn the screen on when verifying
-        // network connectivity.
-        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed /* expectAvailable */, true /* needScreenOn */);
+    protected void assertTopNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
+        assertTopState();
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed, true /* needScreenOn */);
     }
 
     protected void assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
@@ -355,75 +330,65 @@
         finishExpeditedJob();
     }
 
-    protected final void assertBackgroundState() throws Exception {
-        final int maxTries = 30;
-        ProcessState state = null;
-        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
-            state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
-            Log.v(TAG, "assertBackgroundState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
-                    + ": " + state);
-            if (isBackground(state.state)) {
-                return;
-            }
-            Log.d(TAG, "App not on background state (" + state + ") on attempt #" + i
-                    + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            // No sleep after the last turn
-            if (i < maxTries) {
-                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
-            }
-        }
-        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on background state after "
-                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the process state of the test app is below, in priority, to the given
+     * {@link android.app.ActivityManager.ProcessState}.
+     */
+    protected final void assertProcessStateBelow(int processState) throws Exception {
+        assertProcessState(ps -> ps.state > processState, null);
     }
 
-    protected final void assertForegroundState() throws Exception {
-        final int maxTries = 30;
-        ProcessState state = null;
-        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
-            state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
-            Log.v(TAG, "assertForegroundState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
-                    + ": " + state);
-            if (!isBackground(state.state)) {
-                return;
-            }
-            Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground state on attempt #" + i
-                    + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            turnScreenOn();
-            // No sleep after the last turn
-            if (i < maxTries) {
-                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
-            }
-        }
-        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground state after "
-                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+    protected final void assertTopState() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessState(ps -> ps.state == PROCESS_STATE_TOP, () -> turnScreenOn());
     }
 
     protected final void assertForegroundServiceState() throws Exception {
+        assertProcessState(ps -> ps.state == PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE, null);
+    }
+
+    private void assertProcessState(Predicate<ProcessState> statePredicate,
+            ThrowingRunnable onRetry) throws Exception {
         final int maxTries = 30;
         ProcessState state = null;
         for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            if (onRetry != null) {
+                onRetry.run();
+            }
             state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
-            Log.v(TAG, "assertForegroundServiceState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #"
-                    + i + ": " + state);
-            if (state.state == PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "assertProcessState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
+                    + ": " + state);
+            if (statePredicate.test(state)) {
                 return;
             }
-            Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground service state on attempt #" + i
+            Log.i(TAG, "App not in desired process state on attempt #" + i
                     + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            // No sleep after the last turn
             if (i < maxTries) {
                 SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
             }
         }
-        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground service state after "
-                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not in the desired process state after " + maxTries
+                + " attempts: " + state);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether an app state should be considered "background" for restriction purposes.
+     * Asserts whether the active network is available or not. If the network is unavailable, also
+     * checks whether it is blocked by the expected error.
+     *
+     * @param expectAllowed expect background network access to be allowed or not.
+     * @param expectedUnavailableError the expected error when {@code expectAllowed} is false. It's
+     *                                 meaningful only when the {@code expectAllowed} is 'false'.
+     *                                 Throws an IllegalArgumentException when {@code expectAllowed}
+     *                                 is true and this parameter is not null. When the
+     *                                 {@code expectAllowed} is 'false' and this parameter is null,
+     *                                 this function does not compare error type of the networking
+     *                                 access failure.
      */
-    protected boolean isBackground(int state) {
-        return state > PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+    protected void assertNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed, String expectedUnavailableError)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (expectAllowed && expectedUnavailableError != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("expectedUnavailableError is not null");
+        }
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed, false, expectedUnavailableError);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -958,7 +923,7 @@
                 } else if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE) {
                     Log.d(TAG, resultData);
                     // App didn't come to foreground when the activity is started, so try again.
-                    assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+                    assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
                 } else {
                     fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode + "; received=[" + resultData + "]");
                 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
index 10775d0..4004789 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getUiDevice;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@
             Log.i(TAG, testName + " start #" + i);
             launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
             getUiDevice().pressHome();
-            assertBackgroundState();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
             Log.i(TAG, testName + " end #" + i);
         }
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
index 2f30536..790e031 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
         setRestrictBackground(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
         setRestrictBackground(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Although it should not have access while the screen is off.
         turnScreenOff();
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
         if (isTV()) {
             startActivity();
         }
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // Goes back to background state.
         finishActivity();
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
         setRestrictBackground(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
         setRestrictBackground(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
         stopForegroundService();
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
index ab956bf..eb2347d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 
@@ -313,7 +314,8 @@
             // Enable Power Saver
             setBatterySaverMode(true);
             if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-                assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false, "java.net.UnknownHostException");
+                assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+                assertNetworkAccess(false, "java.net.UnknownHostException");
             } else {
                 assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
             }
@@ -337,7 +339,8 @@
             // Enable Power Saver
             setBatterySaverMode(true);
             if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-                assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false, "java.net.UnknownHostException");
+                assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+                assertNetworkAccess(false, "java.net.UnknownHostException");
             } else {
                 assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
             }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
index a0d88c9..7aeca77 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
@@ -137,13 +138,13 @@
 
             // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and mUid will be allowed temporarily.
             launchActivity();
-            assertForegroundState();
+            assertTopState();
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
                     false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_TMP_ALLOWLIST
 
             // Back to background.
             finishActivity();
-            assertBackgroundState();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
                     true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_BG_RESTRICT
         } finally {
@@ -219,11 +220,11 @@
             // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() will
             // return false.
             launchActivity();
-            assertForegroundState();
+            assertTopState();
             assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
             // Back to background.
             finishActivity();
-            assertBackgroundState();
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
 
             // Add mUid into restrict background whitelist and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks()
             // will return false.
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
index 35f1f1c..4777bf4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
         // go to foreground state and enable restricted mode
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
         setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(false);
 
         // go to background state
         finishActivity();
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         // disable restricted mode and assert network access in foreground and background states
         setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
-        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertTopNetworkAccess(true);
 
         // go to background state
         finishActivity();
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
index aa90f5f..fa68e3e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
@@ -191,6 +191,6 @@
 
         String path = "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control";
         String value = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "cat", path).trim();
-        assertEquals(value, "cubic");
+        assertEquals("cubic", value);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp
index 27a9d35..f62a30b 100644
--- a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/connectivity_native_test.cpp
@@ -41,13 +41,14 @@
 
     void SetUp() override {
         restoreBlockedPorts = false;
+
         // Skip test case if not on U.
-        if (!android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU()) GTEST_SKIP() <<
-                "Should be at least T device.";
+        if (!android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU())
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Should be at least U device.";
 
         // Skip test case if not on 5.4 kernel which is required by bpf prog.
-        if (!android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) GTEST_SKIP() <<
-                "Kernel should be at least 5.4.";
+        if (!android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0))
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Kernel should be at least 5.4.";
 
         // Necessary to use dlopen/dlsym since the lib is only available on U and there
         // is no Sdk34ModuleController in tradefed yet.
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
index 5d789b4..2bf2211 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
@@ -21,8 +21,14 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_RCVTIMEO;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getVsrApiLevel;
+
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -38,7 +44,6 @@
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
@@ -167,4 +172,10 @@
         assertEquals(writeTimeval, readTimeval);
         SocketUtils.closeSocketQuietly(sock);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsKernel64Bit() {
+        assumeTrue(getVsrApiLevel() > Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU);
+        assertTrue(NetworkUtils.isKernel64Bit());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
index 4fcf8a8..6cc301d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
@@ -72,9 +72,7 @@
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
-import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
-import android.util.Range;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -104,9 +102,7 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Set;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -236,9 +232,6 @@
     private static final byte[] TEST_RESPONSE_BYTES =
             HexEncoding.decode(TEST_RESPONSE_HEX.toCharArray(), false);
 
-    private static final Set<Range<Integer>> TEST_UID_RANGES =
-            new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new Range<>(10000, 99999)));
-
     private static class TestKeepaliveInfo {
         private static List<Socket> sOpenSockets = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -416,38 +409,28 @@
     public void testIsAnyTcpSocketConnected_runOnNonHandlerThread() throws Exception {
         setupResponseWithSocketExisting();
         assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class,
-                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(TEST_NETID, TEST_UID_RANGES));
+                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(TEST_NETID));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsAnyTcpSocketConnected_withTargetNetId() throws Exception {
         setupResponseWithSocketExisting();
         assertTrue(visibleOnHandlerThread(mTestHandler,
-                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(TEST_NETID, TEST_UID_RANGES)));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testIsAnyTcpSocketConnected_noTargetUidSocket() throws Exception {
-        setupResponseWithSocketExisting();
-        // Configured uid(12345) is not in the VPN range.
-        assertFalse(visibleOnHandlerThread(mTestHandler,
-                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(
-                        TEST_NETID,
-                        new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new Range<>(99999, 99999))))));
+                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(TEST_NETID)));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsAnyTcpSocketConnected_withIncorrectNetId() throws Exception {
         setupResponseWithSocketExisting();
         assertFalse(visibleOnHandlerThread(mTestHandler,
-                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(OTHER_NETID, TEST_UID_RANGES)));
+                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(OTHER_NETID)));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsAnyTcpSocketConnected_noSocketExists() throws Exception {
         setupResponseWithoutSocketExisting();
         assertFalse(visibleOnHandlerThread(mTestHandler,
-                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(TEST_NETID, TEST_UID_RANGES)));
+                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.isAnyTcpSocketConnected(TEST_NETID)));
     }
 
     private void triggerEventKeepalive(int slot, int reason) {
@@ -491,16 +474,14 @@
         setupResponseWithoutSocketExisting();
         visibleOnHandlerThread(
                 mTestHandler,
-                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.handleMonitorAutomaticKeepalive(
-                        autoKi, TEST_NETID, TEST_UID_RANGES));
+                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.handleMonitorAutomaticKeepalive(autoKi, TEST_NETID));
     }
 
     private void doResumeKeepalive(AutomaticOnOffKeepalive autoKi) throws Exception {
         setupResponseWithSocketExisting();
         visibleOnHandlerThread(
                 mTestHandler,
-                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.handleMonitorAutomaticKeepalive(
-                        autoKi, TEST_NETID, TEST_UID_RANGES));
+                () -> mAOOKeepaliveTracker.handleMonitorAutomaticKeepalive(autoKi, TEST_NETID));
     }
 
     private void doStopKeepalive(AutomaticOnOffKeepalive autoKi) throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2c256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity
+
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor
+import android.os.SystemClock
+import android.os.test.TestLooper
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMf6cctl
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.StructMrt6Msg
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+import java.net.DatagramPacket
+import java.net.DatagramSocket
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.net.MulticastSocket
+import java.net.NetworkInterface
+import java.time.Clock
+import java.time.Instant
+import java.time.ZoneId
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000L
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+class MulticastRoutingCoordinatorServiceTest {
+
+    // mocks are lateinit as they need to be setup between tests
+    @Mock private lateinit var mDeps: MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.Dependencies
+    @Mock private lateinit var mMulticastSocket: MulticastSocket
+
+    val mSock = DatagramSocket()
+    val mPfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromDatagramSocket(mSock)
+    val mFd = mPfd.getFileDescriptor()
+    val mIfName1 = "interface1"
+    val mIfName2 = "interface2"
+    val mIfName3 = "interface3"
+    val mIfPhysicalIndex1 = 10
+    val mIfPhysicalIndex2 = 11
+    val mIfPhysicalIndex3 = 12
+    val mSourceAddress = Inet6Address.getByName("2000::8888") as Inet6Address
+    val mGroupAddressScope5 = Inet6Address.getByName("ff05::1234") as Inet6Address
+    val mGroupAddressScope4 = Inet6Address.getByName("ff04::1234") as Inet6Address
+    val mGroupAddressScope3 = Inet6Address.getByName("ff03::1234") as Inet6Address
+    val mSocketAddressScope5 = InetSocketAddress(mGroupAddressScope5, 0)
+    val mSocketAddressScope4 = InetSocketAddress(mGroupAddressScope4, 0)
+    val mEmptyOifs = setOf<Int>()
+    val mClock = FakeClock()
+    val mNetworkInterface1 = createEmptyNetworkInterface()
+    val mNetworkInterface2 = createEmptyNetworkInterface()
+    // MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService needs to be initialized after the dependencies
+    // are mocked.
+    lateinit var mService: MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
+    lateinit var mLooper: TestLooper
+
+    class FakeClock() : Clock() {
+        private var offsetMs = 0L
+
+        fun fastForward(ms: Long) {
+            offsetMs += ms
+        }
+
+        override fun instant(): Instant {
+            return Instant.now().plusMillis(offsetMs)
+        }
+
+        override fun getZone(): ZoneId {
+            throw RuntimeException("Not implemented");
+        }
+
+        override fun withZone(zone: ZoneId): Clock {
+            throw RuntimeException("Not implemented");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+        doReturn(mClock).`when`(mDeps).getClock()
+        doReturn(mFd).`when`(mDeps).createMulticastRoutingSocket()
+        doReturn(mMulticastSocket).`when`(mDeps).createMulticastSocket()
+        doReturn(mIfPhysicalIndex1).`when`(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(mIfName1)
+        doReturn(mIfPhysicalIndex2).`when`(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(mIfName2)
+        doReturn(mIfPhysicalIndex3).`when`(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(mIfName3)
+        doReturn(mNetworkInterface1).`when`(mDeps).getNetworkInterface(mIfPhysicalIndex1)
+        doReturn(mNetworkInterface2).`when`(mDeps).getNetworkInterface(mIfPhysicalIndex2)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        mSock.close()
+    }
+
+    // Functions under @Before and @Test run in different threads,
+    // (i.e. androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner vs Time-limited test)
+    // MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService requires the jobs are run on the thread looper,
+    // so TestLooper needs to be created inside each test case to install the
+    // correct looper.
+    fun prepareService() {
+        mLooper = TestLooper()
+        val handler = Handler(mLooper.getLooper())
+
+        mService = MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(handler, mDeps)
+    }
+
+    private fun createEmptyNetworkInterface(): NetworkInterface {
+        val constructor = NetworkInterface::class.java.getDeclaredConstructor()
+        constructor.isAccessible = true
+        return constructor.newInstance()
+    }
+
+    private fun createStructMf6cctl(src: Inet6Address, dst: Inet6Address, iifIdx: Int,
+            oifSet: Set<Int>): StructMf6cctl {
+        return StructMf6cctl(src, dst, iifIdx, oifSet)
+    }
+
+    // Send a MRT6MSG_NOCACHE packet to sock, to indicate a packet has arrived without matching MulticastRoutingCache
+    private fun sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(interfaceVirtualIndex: Int,
+            source: Inet6Address, destination: Inet6Address) {
+        mLooper.dispatchAll() // let MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService handle all msgs first to
+                              // apply any possible multicast routing config changes
+        val mrt6Msg = StructMrt6Msg(0 /* mbz must be 0 */, StructMrt6Msg.MRT6MSG_NOCACHE,
+                interfaceVirtualIndex, source, destination)
+        mLooper.getNewExecutor().execute({ mService.handleMulticastNocacheUpcall(mrt6Msg) })
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+    }
+
+    private fun applyMulticastForwardNone(fromIf: String, toIf: String) {
+        val configNone = MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE
+
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIf, toIf, configNone)
+    }
+
+    private fun applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(fromIf: String, toIf: String, minScope: Int) {
+        val configMinimumScope = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, minScope).build()
+
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIf, toIf, configMinimumScope)
+    }
+
+    private fun applyMulticastForwardSelected(fromIf: String, toIf: String) {
+        val configSelected = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5).build()
+
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(fromIf, toIf, configSelected)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor_multicastRoutingSocketIsCreated() {
+        prepareService()
+        verify(mDeps).createMulticastRoutingSocket()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyForwardNone() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        // Both interfaces are not added as multicast routing interfaces
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6AddMif(eq(mFd), any())
+        // No MFC should be added for FORWARD_NONE
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), any())
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyForwardMinimumScope() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        // No MFC is added for FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), any())
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2).getForwardingMode())
+        assertEquals(4, mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2).getMinimumScope())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addressScopelargerThanMinScope_allowMfcIsAdded() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+        val oifs = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        val mf6cctl = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifs)
+
+        // simulate a MRT6MSG_NOCACHE upcall for a packet sent to group address of scope 5
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5)
+
+        // an MFC is added for the packet
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctl))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addressScopeSmallerThanMinScope_blockingMfcIsAdded() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4)
+        val mf6cctl = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope3,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+
+        // simulate a MRT6MSG_NOCACHE upcall when a packet should not be forwarded
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope3)
+
+        // a blocking MFC is added
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctl))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyForwardSelected_joinsGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2).getForwardingMode())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addListeningAddressInForwardSelected_joinsGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        val configSelectedNoAddress = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED).build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedNoAddress)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        val configSelectedWithAddresses = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope4)
+            .build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedWithAddresses)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope4), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_removeListeningAddressInForwardSelected_leavesGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+        val configSelectedWith2Addresses = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope4)
+            .build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedWith2Addresses)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope4), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+
+        // remove the scope4 address
+        val configSelectedWith1Address = MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(
+            MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+            .addListeningAddress(mGroupAddressScope5)
+            .build()
+        mService.applyMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2, configSelectedWith1Address)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).leaveGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope4), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        verify(mMulticastSocket, never())
+                .leaveGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_fromForwardSelectedToForwardNone_leavesGroup() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).joinGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mMulticastSocket).leaveGroup(eq(mSocketAddressScope5), eq(mNetworkInterface1))
+        assertEquals(MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE,
+                mService.getMulticastRoutingConfig(mIfName1, mIfName2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_fromFowardSelectedToForwardNone_removesMulticastInterfaces() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName3)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_addMulticastRoutingInterfaces() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        assertNotEquals(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1),
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_removeMulticastRoutingInterfaces() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mService.removeInterfaceFromMulticastRouting(mIfName1)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        assertNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1))
+        assertNotNull(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_applyConfigNone_removesMfc() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        applyMulticastForwardSelected(mIfName1, mIfName3)
+
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5)
+        val oifs = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2),
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+        val oifsUpdate = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3))
+        val mf6cctlAdd = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifs)
+        val mf6cctlUpdate = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifsUpdate)
+        val mf6cctlDel = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlAdd))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlUpdate))
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName3)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlDel))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @LargeTest
+    fun testMulticastRouting_maxNumberOfMfcs() {
+        prepareService()
+
+        // add MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES MFCs
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        for (i in 1..MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES) {
+            val groupAddress =
+                Inet6Address.getByName("ff05::" + Integer.toHexString(i)) as Inet6Address
+            sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, groupAddress)
+        }
+        val mf6cctlDel = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress,
+                Inet6Address.getByName("ff05::1" ) as Inet6Address,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+
+        verify(mDeps, times(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_MAX_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES)).
+            setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), any())
+        // when number of mfcs reaches the max value, one mfc should be removed
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlDel))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_interfaceWithoutActiveConfig_isRemoved() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+        val virtualIndexIf1 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1)
+        val virtualIndexIf2 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2)
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf1))
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_interfaceWithActiveConfig_isNotRemoved() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName2, mIfName3, 4 /* minScope */)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+        val virtualIndexIf1 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1)
+        val virtualIndexIf2 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2)
+        val virtualIndexIf3 = mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName3)
+
+        applyMulticastForwardNone(mIfName1, mIfName2)
+        mLooper.dispatchAll()
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf1))
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf2))
+        verify(mDeps, never()).setsockoptMrt6DelMif(eq(mFd), eq(virtualIndexIf3))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRouting_unusedMfc_isRemovedAfterTimeout() {
+        prepareService()
+        applyMulticastForwardMinimumScope(mIfName1, mIfName2, 4 /* minScope */)
+        sendMrt6msgNocachePacket(0, mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5)
+        val oifs = setOf(mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName2))
+        val mf6cctlAdd = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), oifs)
+        val mf6cctlDel = createStructMf6cctl(mSourceAddress, mGroupAddressScope5,
+                mService.getVirtualInterfaceIndex(mIfName1), mEmptyOifs)
+
+        // An MFC is added
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6AddMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlAdd))
+
+        repeat(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_INACTIVE_TIMEOUT_MS /
+                MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService.MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS + 1) {
+            mClock.fastForward(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
+                    .MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS.toLong())
+            mLooper.moveTimeForward(MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
+                    .MFC_INACTIVE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS.toLong())
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        }
+
+        verify(mDeps).setsockoptMrt6DelMfc(eq(mFd), eq(mf6cctlDel))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44a645a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkRequestStateInfoTest {
+
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies mDependencies;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkRequestRemoved() {
+        final long nrStartTime = 1L;
+        final long nrEndTime = 101L;
+
+        NetworkRequest notMeteredWifiNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest(
+                new NetworkCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                        .setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, true),
+                0, 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST
+        );
+
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR received time
+        Mockito.when(mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrStartTime);
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(
+                notMeteredWifiNetworkRequest, mDependencies);
+
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR removed time
+        Mockito.when(mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrEndTime);
+        networkRequestStateInfo.setNetworkRequestRemoved();
+        assertEquals(
+                nrEndTime - nrStartTime,
+                networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+        assertEquals(networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType(),
+                NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckInitialState() {
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo networkRequestStateInfo = new NetworkRequestStateInfo(
+                new NetworkRequest(new NetworkCapabilities(), 0, 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST),
+                mDependencies);
+        assertEquals(networkRequestStateInfo.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType(),
+                NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dc0528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Message;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class NetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTest {
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.Dependencies mNRStateStatsDeps;
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkRequestStateInfo.Dependencies mNRStateInfoDeps;
+    @Captor
+    private ArgumentCaptor<Handler> mHandlerCaptor;
+    @Captor
+    private ArgumentCaptor<Integer> mMessageWhatCaptor;
+
+    private NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private static final int TEST_REQUEST_ID = 10;
+    private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID = 20;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+    private static final NetworkRequest NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST = new NetworkRequest(
+            new NetworkCapabilities()
+                    .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    .setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, true)
+                    .setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET, false)
+                    .setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+            0, TEST_REQUEST_ID, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST
+    );
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics");
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateStatsDeps.makeHandlerThread("NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics"))
+                .thenReturn(mHandlerThread);
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateStatsDeps.getMillisSinceEvent(anyLong())).thenReturn(0L);
+        Mockito.doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            mHandlerCaptor.getValue().sendMessage(
+                    Message.obtain(mHandlerCaptor.getValue(), mMessageWhatCaptor.getValue()));
+            return null;
+        }).when(mNRStateStatsDeps).sendMessageDelayed(
+                mHandlerCaptor.capture(), mMessageWhatCaptor.capture(), anyLong());
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics = new NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(
+                mNRStateStatsDeps, mNRStateInfoDeps);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRequestReceivedRemoved() {
+        final long nrStartTime = 1L;
+        final long nrEndTime = 101L;
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR received time
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateInfoDeps.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrStartTime);
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkRequestStateInfo> networkRequestStateInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .writeStats(networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.capture());
+
+        NetworkRequestStateInfo nrStateInfoSent = networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED,
+                nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType());
+        assertEquals(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST.requestId, nrStateInfoSent.getRequestId());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, nrStateInfoSent.getPackageUid());
+        assertEquals(1 << NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI, nrStateInfoSent.getTransportTypes());
+        assertTrue(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityNotMetered());
+        assertFalse(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityInternet());
+        assertEquals(0, nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+
+        clearInvocations(mNRStateStatsDeps);
+        // This call will be used to calculate NR removed time
+        Mockito.when(mNRStateInfoDeps.getElapsedRealtime()).thenReturn(nrEndTime);
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .writeStats(networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.capture());
+
+        nrStateInfoSent = networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED,
+                nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType());
+        assertEquals(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST.requestId, nrStateInfoSent.getRequestId());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, nrStateInfoSent.getPackageUid());
+        assertEquals(1 << NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI, nrStateInfoSent.getTransportTypes());
+        assertTrue(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityNotMetered());
+        assertFalse(nrStateInfoSent.getNetCapabilityInternet());
+        assertEquals(nrEndTime - nrStartTime, nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestDurationMillis());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnreceivedNetworkRequestRemoved() {
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, never())
+                .writeStats(any(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoMessagesWhenNetworkRequestReceived() {
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .writeStats(any(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class));
+
+        clearInvocations(mNRStateStatsDeps);
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(NOT_METERED_WIFI_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, never())
+                .writeStats(any(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMessageQueueSizeLimitNotExceeded() {
+        // Imitate many events (MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS) are coming together at once while
+        // the other event is being processed.
+        final ConditionVariable cv = new ConditionVariable();
+        mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler().post(() -> cv.block());
+        for (int i = 0; i < NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS / 2; i++) {
+            mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(new NetworkRequest(
+                    new NetworkCapabilities().setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+                    0, i + 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
+            mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestRemoved(new NetworkRequest(
+                    new NetworkCapabilities().setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+                    0, i + 1, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
+        }
+
+        // When event queue is full, all other events should be dropped.
+        mNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.onNetworkRequestReceived(new NetworkRequest(
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setRequestorUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+                0, 2 * NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS + 1,
+                NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
+
+        cv.open();
+
+        // Check only first MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS events are logged.
+        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkRequestStateInfo> networkRequestStateInfoCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkRequestStateInfo.class);
+        verify(mNRStateStatsDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(
+                NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS))
+                .writeStats(networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.capture());
+        for (int i = 0; i < NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics.MAX_QUEUED_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkRequestStateInfo nrStateInfoSent =
+                    networkRequestStateInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(i);
+            assertEquals(i / 2 + 1, nrStateInfoSent.getRequestId());
+            assertEquals(
+                    (i % 2 == 0)
+                            ? NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_RECEIVED
+                            : NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_CHANGED__STATE__NETWORK_REQUEST_STATE_REMOVED,
+                    nrStateInfoSent.getNetworkRequestStateStatsType());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
index ba14775..c1730a4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 import android.net.LinkAddress
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig
+import android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
 import org.mockito.Mockito.never
 import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
@@ -83,6 +86,24 @@
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class CSLocalAgentTests : CSTest() {
+    val multicastRoutingConfigMinScope =
+                MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, 4)
+                .build();
+    val multicastRoutingConfigSelected =
+                MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
+                .build();
+    val upstreamSelectorAny = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                .build()
+    val upstreamSelectorWifi = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build()
+    val upstreamSelectorCell = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .build()
+
     @Test
     fun testBadAgents() {
         deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
@@ -178,6 +199,266 @@
         localAgent.disconnect()
     }
 
+    private fun createLocalAgent(name: String, localNetworkConfig: FromS<LocalNetworkConfig>):
+                CSAgentWrapper {
+        val localAgent = Agent(
+                nc = nc(TRANSPORT_THREAD, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
+                lp = lp(name),
+                lnc = localNetworkConfig,
+        )
+        return localAgent
+    }
+
+    private fun createWifiAgent(name: String): CSAgentWrapper {
+        return Agent(score = keepScore(), lp = lp(name),
+                nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET))
+    }
+
+    private fun createCellAgent(name: String): CSAgentWrapper {
+        return Agent(score = keepScore(), lp = lp(name),
+                nc = nc(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET))
+    }
+
+    private fun sendLocalNetworkConfig(localAgent: CSAgentWrapper,
+                upstreamSelector: NetworkRequest?, upstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig,
+                downstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig) {
+        val newLnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelector)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(upstreamConfig)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(downstreamConfig)
+                .build()
+        localAgent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(newLnc)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        localAgent.connect()
+
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(wifiAgent.network, validated = false)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_2LocalNetworks() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent0 = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        localAgent0.connect()
+
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        val localAgent1 = createLocalAgent("local1", lnc)
+        localAgent1.connect()
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local1", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local1", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        localAgent0.disconnect()
+        localAgent1.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_UpstreamNetworkCellToWifi() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorAny)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        val cellAgent = createCellAgent("cell0")
+
+        localAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == cellAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "cell0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "cell0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        // upstream should have been switched to wifi
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "cell0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("cell0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_UpstreamSelectorCellToWifi() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorCell)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        val cellAgent = createCellAgent("cell0")
+
+        localAgent.connect()
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == cellAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "cell0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "cell0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        sendLocalNetworkConfig(localAgent, upstreamSelectorWifi, multicastRoutingConfigMinScope,
+                multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        // upstream should have been switched to wifi
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "cell0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("cell0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+        cellAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMulticastRoutingConfig_UpstreamSelectorWifiToNull() {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build(), cb)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                .build()
+        )
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", lnc)
+        localAgent.connect()
+        val wifiAgent = createWifiAgent("wifi0")
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == wifiAgent.network
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", "wifi0", multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "wifi0", "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        sendLocalNetworkConfig(localAgent, null, multicastRoutingConfigMinScope,
+                multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+        cb.expect<LocalInfoChanged>(localAgent.network) {
+            it.info.upstreamNetwork == null
+        }
+
+        // upstream should have been switched to null
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never()).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                eq("local0"), any(), eq(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope))
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never()).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                any(), eq("local0"), eq(multicastRoutingConfigSelected))
+
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+        wifiAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+
     @Test
     fun testUnregisterUpstreamAfterReplacement_SameIfaceName() {
         doTestUnregisterUpstreamAfterReplacement(true)
@@ -197,11 +478,10 @@
         val localAgent = Agent(nc = nc(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
                 lp = lp("local0"),
                 lnc = FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
-                .setUpstreamSelector(NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                        .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
-                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                        .build())
-                .build()),
+                        .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelectorWifi)
+                        .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+                        .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+                        .build()),
                 score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder()
                         .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build())
@@ -220,10 +500,15 @@
         }
 
         clearInvocations(netd)
-        val inOrder = inOrder(netd)
+        clearInvocations(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(netd, multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
         wifiAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(LONG_TIMEOUT_MS)
         waitForIdle()
         inOrder.verify(netd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward("local0", "wifi0")
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService)
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
         inOrder.verify(netd).networkDestroy(wifiAgent.network.netId)
 
         val wifiIface2 = if (sameIfaceName) "wifi0" else "wifi1"
@@ -236,9 +521,16 @@
         cb.expect<Lost> { it.network == wifiAgent.network }
 
         inOrder.verify(netd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward("local0", wifiIface2)
-        if (sameIfaceName) {
-            inOrder.verify(netd, never()).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(any(), any())
-        }
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                "local0", wifiIface2, multicastRoutingConfigMinScope)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService).applyMulticastRoutingConfig(
+                wifiIface2, "local0", multicastRoutingConfigSelected)
+
+        inOrder.verify(netd, never()).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(any(), any())
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never())
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("local0", "wifi0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
+        inOrder.verify(multicastRoutingCoordinatorService, never())
+                .applyMulticastRoutingConfig("wifi0", "local0", CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE)
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35f8ae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Process
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.argThat
+import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class CSNetworkRequestStateStatsMetricsTests : CSTest() {
+    private val CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NC = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+            .build().setRequestorUidAndPackageName(Process.myUid(), context.getPackageName())
+
+    private val CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+            .setCapabilities(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NC).build()
+
+    @Before
+    fun setup() {
+        waitForIdle()
+        clearInvocations(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRequestTypeNRProduceMetrics() {
+        cm.requestNetwork(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR, TestableNetworkCallback())
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        verify(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics).onNetworkRequestReceived(
+                argThat{req -> req.networkCapabilities.equals(
+                        CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR.networkCapabilities)})
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testListenTypeNRProduceNoMetrics() {
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR, TestableNetworkCallback())
+        waitForIdle()
+        verify(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics, never()).onNetworkRequestReceived(any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveRequestTypeNRProduceMetrics() {
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR, cb)
+
+        waitForIdle()
+        clearInvocations(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics)
+
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        waitForIdle()
+        verify(networkRequestStateStatsMetrics).onNetworkRequestRemoved(
+                argThat{req -> req.networkCapabilities.equals(
+                        CELL_INTERNET_NOT_METERED_NR.networkCapabilities)})
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
index 7abeee4..0708669 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
@@ -61,9 +61,12 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ClatCoordinator
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags
+import com.android.server.connectivity.MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTracker
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTestDependencies
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker
+import com.android.server.connectivity.RoutingCoordinatorService
 import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors
@@ -158,6 +161,7 @@
     val netd = mock<INetd>()
     val bpfNetMaps = mock<BpfNetMaps>()
     val clatCoordinator = mock<ClatCoordinator>()
+    val networkRequestStateStatsMetrics = mock<NetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics>()
     val proxyTracker = ProxyTracker(context, mock<Handler>(), 16 /* EVENT_PROXY_HAS_CHANGED */)
     val alrmHandlerThread = HandlerThread("TestAlarmManager").also { it.start() }
     val alarmManager = makeMockAlarmManager(alrmHandlerThread)
@@ -168,6 +172,8 @@
         doReturn(true).`when`(it).isDataCapable()
     }
 
+    val multicastRoutingCoordinatorService = mock<MulticastRoutingCoordinatorService>()
+
     val deps = CSDeps()
     val service = makeConnectivityService(context, netd, deps).also { it.systemReadyInternal() }
     val cm = ConnectivityManager(context, service)
@@ -189,6 +195,8 @@
 
         override fun makeHandlerThread(tag: String) = csHandlerThread
         override fun makeProxyTracker(context: Context, connServiceHandler: Handler) = proxyTracker
+        override fun makeMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(handler: Handler) =
+                this@CSTest.multicastRoutingCoordinatorService
 
         override fun makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
                 context: Context,
@@ -207,6 +215,9 @@
                 MultinetworkPolicyTracker(c, h, r,
                         MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTestDependencies(connResources.get()))
 
+        override fun makeNetworkRequestStateStatsMetrics(c: Context) =
+                this@CSTest.networkRequestStateStatsMetrics
+
         // All queried features must be mocked, because the test cannot hold the
         // READ_DEVICE_CONFIG permission and device config utils use static methods for
         // checking permissions.
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 1ee3f9d..a5fee5b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -2802,4 +2804,16 @@
         final String dump = getDump();
         assertDumpContains(dump, pollReasonNameOf(POLL_REASON_RAT_CHANGED));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDumpSkDestroyListenerLogs() throws ErrnoException {
+        doAnswer((invocation) -> {
+            final IndentingPrintWriter ipw = (IndentingPrintWriter) invocation.getArgument(0);
+            ipw.println("Log for testing");
+            return null;
+        }).when(mSkDestroyListener).dump(any());
+
+        final String dump = getDump();
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "Log for testing");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/TEST_MAPPING b/thread/TEST_MAPPING
index 6a5ea4b..ebbb9af 100644
--- a/thread/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/thread/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "ThreadNetworkUnitTests"
-    }
-  ],
-  "postsubmit": [
+    },
     {
       "name": "ThreadNetworkIntegrationTests"
     }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
   ]
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
index b5699a9..7242ed7 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
@@ -510,7 +510,8 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED")
+    @RequiresPermission(
+            allOf = {"android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED", permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
     public void setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
             @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName,
             @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkException.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkException.java
index c5e1e97..4fd445b 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkException.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkException.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
         ERROR_REJECTED_BY_PEER,
         ERROR_RESPONSE_BAD_FORMAT,
         ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED,
+        ERROR_UNKNOWN,
     })
     public @interface ErrorCode {}
 
@@ -122,6 +123,12 @@
      */
     public static final int ERROR_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED = 10;
 
+    /**
+     * The operation failed because of an unknown error in the system. This typically indicates
+     * that the caller doesn't understand error codes added in newer Android versions.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_UNKNOWN = 11;
+
     private final int mErrorCode;
 
     /** Creates a new {@link ThreadNetworkException} object with given error code and message. */
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index cd59e4e..1c51c42 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
 import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_NONE;
 import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED;
@@ -253,38 +254,6 @@
                 .build();
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
-            @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
-        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "setTestNetworkAsUpstream: " + testNetworkInterfaceName);
-        mHandler.post(() -> setTestNetworkAsUpstreamInternal(testNetworkInterfaceName, receiver));
-    }
-
-    private void setTestNetworkAsUpstreamInternal(
-            @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
-        checkOnHandlerThread();
-
-        TestNetworkSpecifier testNetworkSpecifier = null;
-        if (testNetworkInterfaceName != null) {
-            testNetworkSpecifier = new TestNetworkSpecifier(testNetworkInterfaceName);
-        }
-
-        if (!Objects.equals(mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier, testNetworkSpecifier)) {
-            cancelRequestUpstreamNetwork();
-            mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier = testNetworkSpecifier;
-            mUpstreamNetworkRequest = newUpstreamNetworkRequest();
-            requestUpstreamNetwork();
-            sendLocalNetworkConfig();
-        }
-        try {
-            receiver.onSuccess();
-        } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
-            // do nothing if the client is dead
-        }
-    }
-
     private void initializeOtDaemon() {
         try {
             getOtDaemon();
@@ -786,6 +755,38 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
+            @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "setTestNetworkAsUpstream: " + testNetworkInterfaceName);
+        mHandler.post(() -> setTestNetworkAsUpstreamInternal(testNetworkInterfaceName, receiver));
+    }
+
+    private void setTestNetworkAsUpstreamInternal(
+            @Nullable String testNetworkInterfaceName, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        TestNetworkSpecifier testNetworkSpecifier = null;
+        if (testNetworkInterfaceName != null) {
+            testNetworkSpecifier = new TestNetworkSpecifier(testNetworkInterfaceName);
+        }
+
+        if (!Objects.equals(mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier, testNetworkSpecifier)) {
+            cancelRequestUpstreamNetwork();
+            mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier = testNetworkSpecifier;
+            mUpstreamNetworkRequest = newUpstreamNetworkRequest();
+            requestUpstreamNetwork();
+            sendLocalNetworkConfig();
+        }
+        try {
+            receiver.onSuccess();
+        } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+            // do nothing if the client is dead
+        }
+    }
+
     private void enableBorderRouting(String infraIfName) {
         if (mBorderRouterConfig.isBorderRoutingEnabled
                 && infraIfName.equals(mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceName)) {
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
index a347654..a049184 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
          obtain CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE for testing once R device is no longer supported. -->
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
 
     <application android:debuggable="true">
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
index 5d3818a..25f5bd3 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 package android.net.thread;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.net.thread.IntegrationTestUtils.isExpectedIcmpv6Packet;
+import static android.net.thread.IntegrationTestUtils.isSimulatedThreadRadioSupported;
 import static android.net.thread.IntegrationTestUtils.newPacketReader;
 import static android.net.thread.IntegrationTestUtils.readPacketFrom;
 import static android.net.thread.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@
                                         mContext, new LinkProperties(), 5000 /* timeoutMs */));
         runAsShell(
                 PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                NETWORK_SETTINGS,
                 () -> {
                     CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
                     mThreadNetworkController.setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
@@ -115,6 +119,7 @@
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         runAsShell(
                 PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                NETWORK_SETTINGS,
                 () -> {
                     CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);
                     mThreadNetworkController.setTestNetworkAsUpstream(
@@ -130,7 +135,9 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void infraDevicePingTheadDeviceOmr_Succeeds() throws Exception {
+    public void unicastRouting_infraDevicePingTheadDeviceOmr_replyReceived() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(isSimulatedThreadRadioSupported());
+
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/IntegrationTestUtils.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/IntegrationTestUtils.java
index 9d9a4ff..c465d57 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/IntegrationTestUtils.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/IntegrationTestUtils.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
@@ -50,6 +51,12 @@
 public final class IntegrationTestUtils {
     private IntegrationTestUtils() {}
 
+    /** Returns whether the device supports simulated Thread radio. */
+    public static boolean isSimulatedThreadRadioSupported() {
+        // The integration test uses SIMULATION Thread radio so that it only supports CuttleFish.
+        return SystemProperties.get("ro.product.model").startsWith("Cuttlefish");
+    }
+
     /**
      * Waits for the given {@link Supplier} to be true until given timeout.
      *