diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 6ef1b6b..9b006d0 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -6355,9 +6355,15 @@
         nai.declaredMetered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
     }
 
+    /** Modifies |caps| based on the capabilities of the specified underlying networks. */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    void applyUnderlyingCapabilities(Network[] underlyingNetworks,
-            NetworkCapabilities caps,  boolean declaredMetered) {
+    void applyUnderlyingCapabilities(@Nullable Network[] underlyingNetworks,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities caps,  boolean declaredMetered) {
+        final Network defaultNetwork = getNetwork(getDefaultNetwork());
+        if (underlyingNetworks == null && defaultNetwork != null) {
+            // null underlying networks means to track the default.
+            underlyingNetworks = new Network[] { defaultNetwork };
+        }
         int[] transportTypes = new int[] { NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN };
         int downKbps = NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
         int upKbps = NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
@@ -6416,17 +6422,6 @@
         caps.setCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED, !suspended);
     }
 
-    /** Propagates to |nc| the capabilities declared by the underlying networks of |nai|. */
-    private void mixInUnderlyingCapabilities(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-        Network[] underlyingNetworks = nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks;
-        Network defaultNetwork = getNetwork(getDefaultNetwork());
-        if (underlyingNetworks == null && defaultNetwork != null) {
-            // null underlying networks means to track the default.
-            underlyingNetworks = new Network[] { defaultNetwork };
-        }
-        applyUnderlyingCapabilities(underlyingNetworks, nc, nai.declaredMetered);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Augments the NetworkCapabilities passed in by a NetworkAgent with capabilities that are
      * maintained here that the NetworkAgent is not aware of (e.g., validated, captive portal,
@@ -6481,7 +6476,7 @@
         }
 
         if (nai.supportsUnderlyingNetworks()) {
-            mixInUnderlyingCapabilities(nai, newNc);
+            applyUnderlyingCapabilities(nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks, newNc, nai.declaredMetered);
         }
 
         return newNc;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 978c09e..878f6fa 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
@@ -5427,73 +5426,77 @@
         final Network mobile = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
         final Network wifi = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities caps = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        final NetworkCapabilities initialCaps = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        initialCaps.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        initialCaps.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
 
-        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{}, caps, false);
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
-        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, caps.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, caps.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        final NetworkCapabilities withNoUnderlying = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED);
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        withNoUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        withNoUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
 
-        NetworkCapabilities otherCaps = new NetworkCapabilities(caps);
+        final NetworkCapabilities withMobileUnderlying = new NetworkCapabilities(withNoUnderlying);
+        withMobileUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        withMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        withMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        withMobileUnderlying.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(10);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities withWifiUnderlying = new NetworkCapabilities(withNoUnderlying);
+        withWifiUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        withWifiUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        withWifiUnderlying.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(20);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities withWifiAndMobileUnderlying =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(withNoUnderlying);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(10);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(20);
+
+        NetworkCapabilities caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
         final boolean notDeclaredMetered = false;
-        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{null}, otherCaps, notDeclaredMetered);
-        assertEquals(caps, otherCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{}, caps, notDeclaredMetered);
+        assertEquals(withNoUnderlying, caps);
 
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{null}, caps, notDeclaredMetered);
+        assertEquals(withNoUnderlying, caps);
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
         mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{mobile}, caps, notDeclaredMetered);
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
-        assertEquals(10, caps.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, caps.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertEquals(withMobileUnderlying, caps);
 
         mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{wifi}, caps, notDeclaredMetered);
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
-        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, caps.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertEquals(20, caps.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertEquals(withWifiUnderlying, caps);
 
         final boolean isDeclaredMetered = true;
+        withWifiUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
         mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{wifi}, caps, isDeclaredMetered);
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
-        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, caps.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertEquals(20, caps.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertEquals(withWifiUnderlying, caps);
 
-        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{mobile, wifi}, caps, notDeclaredMetered);
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
-        assertEquals(10, caps.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertEquals(20, caps.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
-        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
-        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{mobile, wifi}, caps, isDeclaredMetered);
+        assertEquals(withWifiAndMobileUnderlying, caps);
 
-        otherCaps = new NetworkCapabilities(caps);
+        withWifiUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
         mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{null, mobile, null, wifi},
-                otherCaps, notDeclaredMetered);
-        assertEquals(otherCaps, caps);
+                caps, notDeclaredMetered);
+        assertEquals(withWifiAndMobileUnderlying, caps);
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{null, mobile, null, wifi},
+                caps, notDeclaredMetered);
+        assertEquals(withWifiAndMobileUnderlying, caps);
+
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(null, caps, notDeclaredMetered);
+        assertEquals(withWifiUnderlying, caps);
     }
 
     @Test