diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index ee44f3c..229b23d 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -22,23 +22,23 @@
 // different value depending on the branch.
 java_defaults {
     name: "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
-    enabled: true,
+    enabled: false,
 }
 java_defaults {
     name: "NetworkStackApiShimSettingsForCurrentBranch",
     // API shims to include in the networking modules built from the branch. Branches that disable
     // the "next" targets must use stable shims (latest stable API level) instead of current shims
     // (X_current API level).
-    static_libs: ["NetworkStackApiCurrentShims"],
+    static_libs: ["NetworkStackApiStableShims"],
 }
 apex_defaults {
     name: "ConnectivityApexDefaults",
     // Tethering app to include in the AOSP apex. Branches that disable the "next" targets may use
     // a stable tethering app instead, but will generally override the AOSP apex to use updatable
     // package names and keys, so that apex will be unused anyway.
-    apps: ["TetheringNext"], // Replace to "Tethering" if ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults is false.
+    apps: ["Tethering"], // Replace to "Tethering" if ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults is false.
 }
-enable_tethering_next_apex = true
+enable_tethering_next_apex = false
 // This is a placeholder comment to avoid merge conflicts
 // as the above target may have different "enabled" values
 // depending on the branch
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
index 35e6453..4696a72 100644
--- a/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
     <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="2338023450330652098">"Тууралоо үчүн басыңыз."</string>
     <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3183576627492925522">"Модем режими өчүк"</string>
     <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6655882039707534929">"Кеңири маалымат үчүн администраторуңузга кайрылыңыз"</string>
-    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="7030733422705019001">"Хотспот жана байланыш түйүнүүн статусу"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="7030733422705019001">"Байланыш түйүнү жана байланыш түйүнүүн статусу"</string>
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="2052743091868702475"></string>
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6932020551635470134"></string>
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8836277213343697023"></string>
diff --git a/common/Android.bp b/common/Android.bp
index 1d73a46..6d04b6c 100644
--- a/common/Android.bp
+++ b/common/Android.bp
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-build = ["TrunkStable.bp"]
-
 // This is a placeholder comment to avoid merge conflicts
 // as the above target may not exist
 // depending on the branch
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index d177ea9..2f7db87 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-framework_remoteauth_srcs = [":framework-remoteauth-java-sources"]
-framework_remoteauth_api_srcs = []
+framework_remoteauth_srcs = [":framework-remoteauth-java-sources-udc-compat"]
+framework_remoteauth_api_srcs = [":framework-remoteauth-java-sources"]
 
 java_defaults {
     name: "enable-remoteauth-targets",
-    enabled: true,
+    enabled: false,
 }
 
 // Include build rules from Sources.bp
diff --git a/nearby/README.md b/nearby/README.md
index 8451882..0d26563 100644
--- a/nearby/README.md
+++ b/nearby/README.md
@@ -47,12 +47,20 @@
 ## Build and Install
 
 ```sh
-$ source build/envsetup.sh && lunch <TARGET>
-$ m com.google.android.tethering.next deapexer
-$ $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP/out/host/linux-x86/bin/deapexer decompress --input \
-    ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/system/apex/com.google.android.tethering.next.capex \
-    --output /tmp/tethering.apex
-$ adb install -r /tmp/tethering.apex
+Build unbundled module using banchan
+
+$ source build/envsetup.sh
+$ banchan com.google.android.tethering mainline_modules_arm64
+$ m apps_only dist
+$ adb install out/dist/com.google.android.tethering.apex
+$ adb reboot
+Ensure that the module you are installing is compatible with the module currently preloaded on the phone (in /system/apex/com.google.android.tethering.apex). Compatible means:
+
+1. Same package name
+2. Same keys used to sign the apex and the payload
+3. Higher version
+
+See go/mainline-local-build#build-install-local-module for more information
 ```
 
 ## Build and Install from tm-mainline-prod branch
@@ -63,7 +71,7 @@
 This is because the device is flashed with AOSP built from master or other branches, which has
 prebuilt APEX with higher version. We can use root access to replace the prebuilt APEX with the APEX
 built from tm-mainline-prod as below.
-1. adb root && adb remount; adb shell mount -orw,remount /system/apex
+1. adb root && adb remount -R
 2. cp tethering.next.apex com.google.android.tethering.apex
 3. adb push  com.google.android.tethering.apex  /system/apex/
 4. adb reboot
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java
index 10c1132..8f032bf 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/DataElement.java
@@ -39,10 +39,15 @@
     private final int mKey;
     private final byte[] mValue;
 
-    /** @hide */
+    /**
+     * Note this interface is used for internal implementation only.
+     * We only keep those data element types used for encoding and decoding from the specs.
+     * Please read the nearby specs for learning more about each data type and use it as the only
+     * source.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     @IntDef({
-            DataType.BLE_SERVICE_DATA,
-            DataType.BLE_ADDRESS,
             DataType.SALT,
             DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY,
             DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY,
@@ -50,20 +55,17 @@
             DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY,
             DataType.TX_POWER,
             DataType.ACTION,
-            DataType.MODEL_ID,
-            DataType.EDDYSTONE_EPHEMERAL_IDENTIFIER,
             DataType.ACCOUNT_KEY_DATA,
             DataType.CONNECTION_STATUS,
             DataType.BATTERY,
+            DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO,
+            DataType.BLE_SERVICE_DATA,
+            DataType.BLE_ADDRESS,
             DataType.SCAN_MODE,
             DataType.TEST_DE_BEGIN,
             DataType.TEST_DE_END
     })
     public @interface DataType {
-        int BLE_SERVICE_DATA = 100;
-        int BLE_ADDRESS = 101;
-        // This is to indicate if the scan is offload only
-        int SCAN_MODE = 102;
         int SALT = 0;
         int PRIVATE_IDENTITY = 1;
         int TRUSTED_IDENTITY = 2;
@@ -71,11 +73,19 @@
         int PROVISIONED_IDENTITY = 4;
         int TX_POWER = 5;
         int ACTION = 6;
-        int MODEL_ID = 7;
-        int EDDYSTONE_EPHEMERAL_IDENTIFIER = 8;
         int ACCOUNT_KEY_DATA = 9;
         int CONNECTION_STATUS = 10;
         int BATTERY = 11;
+
+        int ENCRYPTION_INFO = 16;
+
+        // Not defined in the spec. Reserved for internal use only.
+        int BLE_SERVICE_DATA = 100;
+        int BLE_ADDRESS = 101;
+        // This is to indicate if the scan is offload only
+        int SCAN_MODE = 102;
+
+        int DEVICE_TYPE = 22;
         // Reserves test DE ranges from {@link DataElement.DataType#TEST_DE_BEGIN}
         // to {@link DataElement.DataType#TEST_DE_END}, inclusive.
         // Reserves 128 Test DEs.
@@ -84,27 +94,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static boolean isValidType(int type) {
-        return type == DataType.BLE_SERVICE_DATA
-                || type == DataType.ACCOUNT_KEY_DATA
-                || type == DataType.BLE_ADDRESS
-                || type == DataType.SCAN_MODE
-                || type == DataType.SALT
-                || type == DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataType.TX_POWER
-                || type == DataType.ACTION
-                || type == DataType.MODEL_ID
-                || type == DataType.EDDYSTONE_EPHEMERAL_IDENTIFIER
-                || type == DataType.CONNECTION_STATUS
-                || type == DataType.BATTERY;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * @return {@code true} if this is identity type.
      * @hide
      */
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
index a70b303..8b97dc7 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
@@ -281,6 +281,8 @@
      */
     public void queryOffloadCapability(@NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
             @NonNull Consumer<OffloadCapability> callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
         try {
             mService.queryOffloadCapability(new OffloadTransport(executor, callback));
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java
index 024bff8..28a33fa 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManager.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest;
 import android.nearby.IBroadcastListener;
 import android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest;
+import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
@@ -49,6 +50,10 @@
     private final NearbyConfiguration mNearbyConfiguration;
 
     private IBroadcastListener mBroadcastListener;
+    // Used with mBroadcastListener. Now we only support single client, for multi clients, a map
+    // between live binder to the information over the binder is needed.
+    // TODO: Finish multi-client logic for broadcast.
+    private BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient mDeathRecipient;
 
     public BroadcastProviderManager(Context context, Injector injector) {
         this(ForegroundThread.getExecutor(),
@@ -62,6 +67,7 @@
         mLock = new Object();
         mNearbyConfiguration = new NearbyConfiguration();
         mBroadcastListener = null;
+        mDeathRecipient = null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -70,6 +76,15 @@
     public void startBroadcast(BroadcastRequest broadcastRequest, IBroadcastListener listener) {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                if (listener == null) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (mBroadcastListener != null) {
+                    Log.i(TAG, "We do not support multi clients yet,"
+                            + " please stop previous broadcast first.");
+                    reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
+                    return;
+                }
                 if (!mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()) {
                     NearbyConfiguration configuration = new NearbyConfiguration();
                     if (!configuration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()) {
@@ -89,7 +104,17 @@
                     reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
                     return;
                 }
+                BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient deathRecipient =
+                        new BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient(listener);
+                try {
+                    listener.asBinder().linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // This binder has already died, so call the DeathRecipient as if we had
+                    // called linkToDeath in time.
+                    deathRecipient.binderDied();
+                }
                 mBroadcastListener = listener;
+                mDeathRecipient = deathRecipient;
                 mBleBroadcastProvider.start(presenceBroadcastRequest.getVersion(),
                         advertisement.toBytes(), this);
             });
@@ -113,13 +138,19 @@
      */
     public void stopBroadcast(IBroadcastListener listener) {
         synchronized (mLock) {
-            if (!mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()
-                    && !mNearbyConfiguration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()) {
-                reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
-                return;
+            if (listener != null) {
+                if (!mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()
+                        && !mNearbyConfiguration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()) {
+                    reportBroadcastStatus(listener, BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (mDeathRecipient != null) {
+                    listener.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
+                }
             }
             mBroadcastListener = null;
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> mBleBroadcastProvider.stop());
+            mDeathRecipient = null;
+            mExecutor.execute(mBleBroadcastProvider::stop);
         }
     }
 
@@ -142,4 +173,21 @@
             Log.e(TAG, "remote exception when reporting status");
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Class to make listener unregister after the binder is dead.
+     */
+    public class BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        public IBroadcastListener mListener;
+
+        BroadcastListenerDeathRecipient(IBroadcastListener listener) {
+            mListener = listener;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Binder is dead - stop broadcast listener");
+            stopBroadcast(mListener);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java
index 0c41426..5797d3d 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManager.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -141,6 +142,8 @@
 
     /** Called after boot completed. */
     public void init() {
+        // Register BLE only scan when Bluetooth is turned off
+        setBleScanEnabled();
         if (mInjector.getContextHubManager() != null) {
             mChreDiscoveryProvider.init();
         }
@@ -313,4 +316,29 @@
     public void onMergedRegistrationsUpdated() {
         invalidateProviderScanMode();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers Nearby service to Ble scan if Bluetooth is off. (Even when Bluetooth is off)
+     * @return {@code true} when Nearby currently can scan through Bluetooth or Ble or successfully
+     * registers Nearby service to Ble scan when Blutooth is off.
+     */
+    public boolean setBleScanEnabled() {
+        BluetoothAdapter adapter = mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter();
+        if (adapter == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter is null.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (adapter.isEnabled() || adapter.isLeEnabled()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Ble always on scan is disabled.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.enableBLE()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to register Ble scan.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java
index 4b76eba..df33773 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -220,6 +221,8 @@
 
     /** Called after boot completed. */
     public void init() {
+        // Register BLE only scan when Bluetooth is turned off
+        setBleScanEnabled();
         if (mInjector.getContextHubManager() != null) {
             mChreDiscoveryProvider.init();
         }
@@ -503,4 +506,29 @@
             unregisterScanListener(listener);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers Nearby service to Ble scan if Bluetooth is off. (Even when Bluetooth is off)
+     * @return {@code true} when Nearby currently can scan through Bluetooth or Ble or successfully
+     * registers Nearby service to Ble scan when Blutooth is off.
+     */
+    public boolean setBleScanEnabled() {
+        BluetoothAdapter adapter = mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter();
+        if (adapter == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter is null.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (adapter.isEnabled() || adapter.isLeEnabled()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Ble always on scan is disabled.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!adapter.enableBLE()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to register Ble scan.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfo.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac1e18f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.nearby.DataElement;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Data Element that indicates the presence of extended 16 bytes salt instead of 2 byte salt and to
+ * indicate which encoding scheme (MIC tag or Signature) is used for a section. If present, it must
+ * be the first DE in a section.
+ */
+public class EncryptionInfo {
+
+    @IntDef({EncodingScheme.MIC, EncodingScheme.SIGNATURE})
+    public @interface EncodingScheme {
+        int MIC = 0;
+        int SIGNATURE = 1;
+    }
+
+    // 1st byte : encryption scheme
+    // 2nd to 17th bytes: salt
+    public static final int ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH = 17;
+    private static final int ENCODING_SCHEME_MASK = 0b01111000;
+    private static final int ENCODING_SCHEME_OFFSET = 3;
+    @EncodingScheme
+    private final int mEncodingScheme;
+    private final byte[] mSalt;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@link DataElement}.
+     */
+    public EncryptionInfo(@NonNull byte[] value) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(value.length == ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH);
+        mEncodingScheme = (value[0] & ENCODING_SCHEME_MASK) >> ENCODING_SCHEME_OFFSET;
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(isValidEncodingScheme(mEncodingScheme));
+        mSalt = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, 1, ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isValidEncodingScheme(int scheme) {
+        return scheme == EncodingScheme.MIC || scheme == EncodingScheme.SIGNATURE;
+    }
+
+    @EncodingScheme
+    public int getEncodingScheme() {
+        return mEncodingScheme;
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getSalt() {
+        return mSalt;
+    }
+
+    /** Combines the encoding scheme and salt to a byte array
+     * that represents an {@link EncryptionInfo}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] toByte(@EncodingScheme int encodingScheme, byte[] salt) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(salt)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (salt.length != ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH - 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte schemeByte =
+                (byte) ((encodingScheme << ENCODING_SCHEME_OFFSET) & ENCODING_SCHEME_MASK);
+        return ArrayUtils.append(schemeByte, salt);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java
index 34a7514..c2304cc 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisement.java
@@ -16,22 +16,27 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
 
+import static android.nearby.BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1;
+
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
+import static com.android.server.nearby.presence.EncryptionInfo.ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH;
+import static com.android.server.nearby.presence.PresenceConstants.PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES;
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest;
+import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest.BroadcastVersion;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
+import android.nearby.DataElement.DataType;
 import android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest;
 import android.nearby.PresenceCredential;
 import android.nearby.PublicCredential;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.Cryptor;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpFake;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpIdentityV1;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpV1;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorMicImp;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -51,37 +56,51 @@
  * The header contains:
  * version (3 bits) | 5 bit reserved for future use (RFU)
  */
-public class ExtendedAdvertisement extends Advertisement{
+public class ExtendedAdvertisement extends Advertisement {
 
     public static final int SALT_DATA_LENGTH = 2;
-
     static final int HEADER_LENGTH = 1;
 
     static final int IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH = 16;
-
+    // Identity Index is always 2 .
+    // 0 is reserved, 1 is Salt or Credential Element.
+    private static final int CIPHER_START_INDEX = 2;
     private final List<DataElement> mDataElements;
+    private final byte[] mKeySeed;
 
-    private final byte[] mAuthenticityKey;
+    private final byte[] mData;
 
-    // All Data Elements including salt and identity.
-    // Each list item (byte array) is a Data Element (with its header).
-    private final List<byte[]> mCompleteDataElementsBytes;
-    // Signature generated from data elements.
-    private final byte[] mHmacTag;
+    private ExtendedAdvertisement(
+            @PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType,
+            byte[] identity,
+            byte[] salt,
+            byte[] keySeed,
+            List<Integer> actions,
+            List<DataElement> dataElements) {
+        this.mVersion = PRESENCE_VERSION_V1;
+        this.mIdentityType = identityType;
+        this.mIdentity = identity;
+        this.mSalt = salt;
+        this.mKeySeed = keySeed;
+        this.mDataElements = dataElements;
+        this.mActions = actions;
+        mData = toBytesInternal();
+    }
 
     /**
      * Creates an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} from a Presence Broadcast Request.
+     *
      * @return {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object. {@code null} when the request is illegal.
      */
     @Nullable
     public static ExtendedAdvertisement createFromRequest(PresenceBroadcastRequest request) {
-        if (request.getVersion() != BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
+        if (request.getVersion() != PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
             Log.v(TAG, "ExtendedAdvertisement only supports V1 now.");
             return null;
         }
 
         byte[] salt = request.getSalt();
-        if (salt.length != SALT_DATA_LENGTH) {
+        if (salt.length != SALT_DATA_LENGTH && salt.length != ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH - 1) {
             Log.v(TAG, "Salt does not match correct length");
             return null;
         }
@@ -94,12 +113,12 @@
         }
 
         List<Integer> actions = request.getActions();
-        if (actions.isEmpty()) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "ExtendedAdvertisement must contain at least one action");
-            return null;
-        }
-
         List<DataElement> dataElements = request.getExtendedProperties();
+        // DataElements should include actions.
+        for (int action : actions) {
+            dataElements.add(
+                    new DataElement(DataType.ACTION, new byte[]{(byte) action}));
+        }
         return new ExtendedAdvertisement(
                 request.getCredential().getIdentityType(),
                 identity,
@@ -109,149 +128,252 @@
                 dataElements);
     }
 
-    /** Serialize an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object into bytes with {@link DataElement}s */
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] toBytes() {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(getLength());
-
-        // Header
-        buffer.put(ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.constructHeader(getVersion()));
-
-        // Salt
-        buffer.put(mCompleteDataElementsBytes.get(0));
-
-        // Identity
-        buffer.put(mCompleteDataElementsBytes.get(1));
-
-        List<Byte> rawDataBytes = new ArrayList<>();
-        // Data Elements (Already includes salt and identity)
-        for (int i = 2; i < mCompleteDataElementsBytes.size(); i++) {
-            byte[] dataElementBytes = mCompleteDataElementsBytes.get(i);
-            for (Byte b : dataElementBytes) {
-                rawDataBytes.add(b);
-            }
-        }
-
-        byte[] dataElements = new byte[rawDataBytes.size()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < rawDataBytes.size(); i++) {
-            dataElements[i] = rawDataBytes.get(i);
-        }
-
-        buffer.put(
-                getCryptor(/* encrypt= */ true).encrypt(dataElements, getSalt(), mAuthenticityKey));
-
-        buffer.put(mHmacTag);
-
-        return buffer.array();
-    }
-
-    /** Deserialize from bytes into an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object.
-     * {@code null} when there is something when parsing.
+    /**
+     * Deserialize from bytes into an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object.
+     * Return {@code null} when there is an error in parsing.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public static ExtendedAdvertisement fromBytes(byte[] bytes, PublicCredential publicCredential) {
-        @BroadcastRequest.BroadcastVersion
+    public static ExtendedAdvertisement fromBytes(byte[] bytes, PublicCredential sharedCredential) {
+        @BroadcastVersion
         int version = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getVersion(bytes);
-        if (version != PresenceBroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
+        if (version != PRESENCE_VERSION_V1) {
             Log.v(TAG, "ExtendedAdvertisement is used in V1 only and version is " + version);
             return null;
         }
 
-        byte[] authenticityKey = publicCredential.getAuthenticityKey();
-
-        int index = HEADER_LENGTH;
-        // Salt
-        byte[] saltHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
-        DataElementHeader saltHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, saltHeaderArray);
-        if (saltHeader == null || saltHeader.getDataType() != DataElement.DataType.SALT) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "First data element has to be salt.");
+        byte[] keySeed = sharedCredential.getAuthenticityKey();
+        byte[] metadataEncryptionKeyUnsignedAdvTag = sharedCredential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag();
+        if (keySeed == null || metadataEncryptionKeyUnsignedAdvTag == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        index += saltHeaderArray.length;
-        byte[] salt = new byte[saltHeader.getDataLength()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < saltHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
-            salt[i] = bytes[index++];
-        }
 
-        // Identity
+        int index = 0;
+        // Header
+        byte[] header = new byte[]{bytes[index]};
+        index += HEADER_LENGTH;
+        // Section header
+        byte[] sectionHeader = new byte[]{bytes[index]};
+        index += HEADER_LENGTH;
+        // Salt or Encryption Info
+        byte[] firstHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
+        DataElementHeader firstHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, firstHeaderArray);
+        if (firstHeader == null) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Cannot find salt.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        @DataType int firstType = firstHeader.getDataType();
+        if (firstType != DataType.SALT && firstType != DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "First data element has to be Salt or Encryption Info.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        index += firstHeaderArray.length;
+        byte[] firstDeBytes = new byte[firstHeader.getDataLength()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < firstHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
+            firstDeBytes[i] = bytes[index++];
+        }
+        byte[] nonce = getNonce(firstType, firstDeBytes);
+        if (nonce == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte[] saltBytes = firstType == DataType.SALT
+                ? firstDeBytes : (new EncryptionInfo(firstDeBytes)).getSalt();
+
+        // Identity header
         byte[] identityHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
         DataElementHeader identityHeader =
                 DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, identityHeaderArray);
-        if (identityHeader == null) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "The second element has to be identity.");
+        if (identityHeader == null || identityHeader.getDataLength() != IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "The second element has to be a 16-bytes identity.");
             return null;
         }
         index += identityHeaderArray.length;
         @PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType =
                 toPresenceCredentialIdentityType(identityHeader.getDataType());
-        if (identityType == PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
-            Log.v(TAG, "The identity type is unknown.");
+        if (identityType != PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE
+                && identityType != PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "Only supports encrypted advertisement.");
             return null;
         }
-        byte[] encryptedIdentity = new byte[identityHeader.getDataLength()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < identityHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
-            encryptedIdentity[i] = bytes[index++];
-        }
-        byte[] identity =
-                CryptorImpIdentityV1
-                        .getInstance().decrypt(encryptedIdentity, salt, authenticityKey);
-
-        Cryptor cryptor = getCryptor(/* encrypt= */ true);
-        byte[] encryptedDataElements =
-                new byte[bytes.length - index - cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
-        // Decrypt other data elements
-        System.arraycopy(bytes, index, encryptedDataElements, 0, encryptedDataElements.length);
-        byte[] decryptedDataElements =
-                cryptor.decrypt(encryptedDataElements, salt, authenticityKey);
-        if (decryptedDataElements == null) {
+        // Ciphertext
+        Cryptor cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] ciphertext = new byte[bytes.length - index - cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
+        System.arraycopy(bytes, index, ciphertext, 0, ciphertext.length);
+        byte[] plaintext = cryptor.decrypt(ciphertext, nonce, keySeed);
+        if (plaintext == null) {
             return null;
         }
 
+        // Verification
+        // Verify the computed metadata encryption key tag
+        // First 16 bytes is metadata encryption key data
+        byte[] metadataEncryptionKey = new byte[IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH];
+        System.arraycopy(plaintext, 0, metadataEncryptionKey, 0, IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH);
+        // Verify metadata encryption key tag
+        byte[] computedMetadataEncryptionKeyTag =
+                CryptorMicImp.generateMetadataEncryptionKeyTag(metadataEncryptionKey,
+                        keySeed);
+        if (!Arrays.equals(computedMetadataEncryptionKeyTag, metadataEncryptionKeyUnsignedAdvTag)) {
+            Log.w(TAG,
+                    "The calculated metadata encryption key tag is different from the metadata "
+                            + "encryption key unsigned adv tag in the SharedCredential.");
+            return null;
+        }
         // Verify the computed HMAC tag is equal to HMAC tag in advertisement
-        if (cryptor.getSignatureLength() > 0) {
-            byte[] expectedHmacTag = new byte[cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
-            System.arraycopy(
-                    bytes, bytes.length - cryptor.getSignatureLength(),
-                    expectedHmacTag, 0, cryptor.getSignatureLength());
-            if (!cryptor.verify(decryptedDataElements, authenticityKey, expectedHmacTag)) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "HMAC tags not match.");
-                return null;
-            }
+        byte[] expectedHmacTag = new byte[cryptor.getSignatureLength()];
+        System.arraycopy(
+                bytes, bytes.length - cryptor.getSignatureLength(),
+                expectedHmacTag, 0, cryptor.getSignatureLength());
+        byte[] micInput =  ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(
+                PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES, header, sectionHeader,
+                firstHeaderArray, firstDeBytes,
+                nonce, identityHeaderArray, ciphertext);
+        if (!cryptor.verify(micInput, keySeed, expectedHmacTag)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "HMAC tag not match.");
+            return null;
         }
 
-        int dataElementArrayIndex = 0;
-        // Other Data Elements
-        List<Integer> actions = new ArrayList<>();
-        List<DataElement> dataElements = new ArrayList<>();
-        while (dataElementArrayIndex < decryptedDataElements.length) {
-            byte[] deHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils
-                    .getDataElementHeader(decryptedDataElements, dataElementArrayIndex);
-            DataElementHeader deHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, deHeaderArray);
-            dataElementArrayIndex += deHeaderArray.length;
+        byte[] otherDataElements = new byte[plaintext.length - IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH];
+        System.arraycopy(plaintext, IDENTITY_DATA_LENGTH,
+                otherDataElements, 0, otherDataElements.length);
+        List<DataElement> dataElements = getDataElementsFromBytes(version, otherDataElements);
+        if (dataElements.isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        List<Integer> actions = getActionsFromDataElements(dataElements);
+        if (actions == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new ExtendedAdvertisement(identityType, metadataEncryptionKey, saltBytes, keySeed,
+                actions, dataElements);
+    }
 
-            @DataElement.DataType int type = Objects.requireNonNull(deHeader).getDataType();
-            if (type == DataElement.DataType.ACTION) {
-                if (deHeader.getDataLength() != 1) {
-                    Log.v(TAG, "Action id should only 1 byte.");
+    @PresenceCredential.IdentityType
+    private static int toPresenceCredentialIdentityType(@DataType int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
+            case DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED;
+            case DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED;
+            case DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY:
+            default:
+                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @DataType
+    private static int toDataType(@PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType) {
+        switch (identityType) {
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE:
+                return DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY;
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED:
+                return DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY;
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED:
+                return DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY;
+            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
+            default:
+                return DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the given {@link DataType} is salt, or one of the
+     * identities. Identities should be able to convert to {@link PresenceCredential.IdentityType}s.
+     */
+    private static boolean isSaltOrIdentity(@DataType int type) {
+        return type == DataType.SALT || type == DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO
+                || type == DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY
+                || type == DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY
+                || type == DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY
+                || type == DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
+    }
+
+    /** Serialize an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object into bytes with {@link DataElement}s */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] toBytes() {
+        return mData.clone();
+    }
+
+    /** Serialize an {@link ExtendedAdvertisement} object into bytes with {@link DataElement}s */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] toBytesInternal() {
+        int sectionLength = 0;
+        // Salt
+        DataElement saltDe;
+        byte[] nonce;
+        try {
+            switch (mSalt.length) {
+                case SALT_DATA_LENGTH:
+                    saltDe = new DataElement(DataType.SALT, mSalt);
+                    nonce = CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(mSalt);
+                    break;
+                case ENCRYPTION_INFO_LENGTH - 1:
+                    saltDe = new DataElement(DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO,
+                            EncryptionInfo.toByte(EncryptionInfo.EncodingScheme.MIC, mSalt));
+                    nonce = CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(mSalt, CIPHER_START_INDEX);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Invalid salt size.");
                     return null;
-                }
-                actions.add((int) decryptedDataElements[dataElementArrayIndex++]);
-            } else {
-                if (isSaltOrIdentity(type)) {
-                    Log.v(TAG, "Type " + type + " is duplicated. There should be only one salt"
-                            + " and one identity in the advertisement.");
-                    return null;
-                }
-                byte[] deData = new byte[deHeader.getDataLength()];
-                for (int i = 0; i < deHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
-                    deData[i] = decryptedDataElements[dataElementArrayIndex++];
-                }
-                dataElements.add(new DataElement(type, deData));
             }
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to generate the IV for encryption.", e);
+            return null;
         }
 
-        return new ExtendedAdvertisement(identityType, identity, salt, authenticityKey, actions,
-                dataElements);
+        byte[] saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes =
+                ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(saltDe);
+        sectionLength += saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes.length;
+        // 16 bytes encrypted identity
+        @DataType int identityDataType = toDataType(getIdentityType());
+        byte[] identityHeaderBytes = new DataElementHeader(PRESENCE_VERSION_V1,
+                identityDataType, mIdentity.length).toBytes();
+        sectionLength += identityHeaderBytes.length;
+        final List<DataElement> dataElementList = getDataElements();
+        byte[] ciphertext = getCiphertext(nonce, dataElementList);
+        if (ciphertext == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        sectionLength += ciphertext.length;
+        // mic
+        sectionLength += CryptorMicImp.MIC_LENGTH;
+        mLength = sectionLength;
+        // header
+        byte header = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.constructHeader(getVersion());
+        mLength += HEADER_LENGTH;
+        // section header
+        if (sectionLength > 255) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "A section should be shorter than 255 bytes.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte sectionHeader = (byte) sectionLength;
+        mLength += HEADER_LENGTH;
+
+        // generates mic
+        ByteBuffer micInputBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(
+                mLength + PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES.length + nonce.length - CryptorMicImp.MIC_LENGTH);
+        micInputBuffer.put(PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES);
+        micInputBuffer.put(header);
+        micInputBuffer.put(sectionHeader);
+        micInputBuffer.put(saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes);
+        micInputBuffer.put(nonce);
+        micInputBuffer.put(identityHeaderBytes);
+        micInputBuffer.put(ciphertext);
+        byte[] micInput = micInputBuffer.array();
+        byte[] mic = CryptorMicImp.getInstance().sign(micInput, mKeySeed);
+        if (mic == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(mLength);
+        buffer.put(header);
+        buffer.put(sectionHeader);
+        buffer.put(saltOrEncryptionInfoBytes);
+        buffer.put(identityHeaderBytes);
+        buffer.put(ciphertext);
+        buffer.put(mic);
+        return buffer.array();
     }
 
     /** Returns the {@link DataElement}s in the advertisement. */
@@ -260,7 +382,7 @@
     }
 
     /** Returns the {@link DataElement}s in the advertisement according to the key. */
-    public List<DataElement> getDataElements(@DataElement.DataType int key) {
+    public List<DataElement> getDataElements(@DataType int key) {
         List<DataElement> res = new ArrayList<>();
         for (DataElement dataElement : mDataElements) {
             if (key == dataElement.getKey()) {
@@ -285,125 +407,86 @@
                 getActions());
     }
 
-    ExtendedAdvertisement(
-            @PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType,
-            byte[] identity,
-            byte[] salt,
-            byte[] authenticityKey,
-            List<Integer> actions,
-            List<DataElement> dataElements) {
-        this.mVersion = BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1;
-        this.mIdentityType = identityType;
-        this.mIdentity = identity;
-        this.mSalt = salt;
-        this.mAuthenticityKey = authenticityKey;
-        this.mActions = actions;
-        this.mDataElements = dataElements;
-        this.mCompleteDataElementsBytes = new ArrayList<>();
+    @Nullable
+    private byte[] getCiphertext(byte[] nonce, List<DataElement> dataElements) {
+        Cryptor cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] rawDeBytes = mIdentity;
+        for (DataElement dataElement : dataElements) {
+            rawDeBytes = ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(rawDeBytes,
+                    ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(dataElement));
+        }
+        return cryptor.encrypt(rawDeBytes, nonce, mKeySeed);
+    }
 
-        int length = HEADER_LENGTH; // header
+    private static List<DataElement> getDataElementsFromBytes(
+            @BroadcastVersion int version, byte[] bytes) {
+        List<DataElement> res = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(bytes)) {
+            return res;
+        }
+        int index = 0;
+        while (index < bytes.length) {
+            byte[] deHeaderArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils
+                    .getDataElementHeader(bytes, index);
+            DataElementHeader deHeader = DataElementHeader.fromBytes(version, deHeaderArray);
+            index += deHeaderArray.length;
+            @DataType int type = Objects.requireNonNull(deHeader).getDataType();
+            if (isSaltOrIdentity(type)) {
+                Log.v(TAG, "Type " + type + " is duplicated. There should be only one salt"
+                        + " and one identity in the advertisement.");
+                return new ArrayList<>();
+            }
+            byte[] deData = new byte[deHeader.getDataLength()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < deHeader.getDataLength(); i++) {
+                deData[i] = bytes[index++];
+            }
+            res.add(new DataElement(type, deData));
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
 
-        // Salt
-        DataElement saltElement = new DataElement(DataElement.DataType.SALT, salt);
-        byte[] saltByteArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(saltElement);
-        mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(saltByteArray);
-        length += saltByteArray.length;
+    @Nullable
+    private static byte[] getNonce(@DataType int type, byte[] data) {
+        try {
+            if (type == DataType.SALT) {
+                if (data.length != SALT_DATA_LENGTH) {
+                    Log.v(TAG, "Salt DataElement needs to be 2 bytes.");
+                    return null;
+                }
+                return CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(data);
+            } else if (type == DataType.ENCRYPTION_INFO) {
+                try {
+                    EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+                    if (info.getEncodingScheme() != EncryptionInfo.EncodingScheme.MIC) {
+                        Log.v(TAG, "Not support Signature yet.");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    return CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(info.getSalt(), CIPHER_START_INDEX);
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Salt DataElement needs to be 17 bytes.", e);
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }  catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to decrypt metadata encryption key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
 
-        // Identity
-        byte[] encryptedIdentity =
-                CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance().encrypt(identity, salt, authenticityKey);
-        DataElement identityElement = new DataElement(toDataType(identityType), encryptedIdentity);
-        byte[] identityByteArray =
-                ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(identityElement);
-        mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(identityByteArray);
-        length += identityByteArray.length;
-
-        List<Byte> dataElementBytes = new ArrayList<>();
-        // Intents
-        for (int action : mActions) {
-            DataElement actionElement = new DataElement(DataElement.DataType.ACTION,
-                    new byte[] {(byte) action});
-            byte[] intentByteArray =
-                    ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(actionElement);
-            mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(intentByteArray);
-            for (Byte b : intentByteArray) {
-                dataElementBytes.add(b);
+    @Nullable
+    private static List<Integer> getActionsFromDataElements(List<DataElement> dataElements) {
+        List<Integer> actions = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DataElement dataElement : dataElements) {
+            if (dataElement.getKey() == DataElement.DataType.ACTION) {
+                byte[] value = dataElement.getValue();
+                if (value.length != 1) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Action should be only 1 byte.");
+                    return null;
+                }
+                actions.add(Byte.toUnsignedInt(value[0]));
             }
         }
-
-        // Data Elements (Extended properties)
-        for (DataElement dataElement : mDataElements) {
-            byte[] deByteArray = ExtendedAdvertisementUtils.convertDataElementToBytes(dataElement);
-            mCompleteDataElementsBytes.add(deByteArray);
-            for (Byte b : deByteArray) {
-                dataElementBytes.add(b);
-            }
-        }
-
-        byte[] data = new byte[dataElementBytes.size()];
-        for (int i = 0; i < dataElementBytes.size(); i++) {
-            data[i] = dataElementBytes.get(i);
-        }
-        Cryptor cryptor = getCryptor(/* encrypt= */ true);
-        byte[] encryptedDeBytes = cryptor.encrypt(data, salt, authenticityKey);
-
-        length += encryptedDeBytes.length;
-
-        // Signature
-        byte[] hmacTag = Objects.requireNonNull(cryptor.sign(data, authenticityKey));
-        mHmacTag = hmacTag;
-        length += hmacTag.length;
-
-        this.mLength = length;
-    }
-
-    @PresenceCredential.IdentityType
-    private static int toPresenceCredentialIdentityType(@DataElement.DataType int type) {
-        switch (type) {
-            case DataElement.DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
-            case DataElement.DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED;
-            case DataElement.DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED;
-            case DataElement.DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY:
-            default:
-                return PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @DataElement.DataType
-    private static int toDataType(@PresenceCredential.IdentityType int identityType) {
-        switch (identityType) {
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE:
-                return DataElement.DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY;
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED:
-                return DataElement.DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY;
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED:
-                return DataElement.DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY;
-            case PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
-            default:
-                return DataElement.DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code true} if the given {@link DataElement.DataType} is salt, or one of the
-     * identities. Identities should be able to convert to {@link PresenceCredential.IdentityType}s.
-     */
-    private static boolean isSaltOrIdentity(@DataElement.DataType int type) {
-        return type == DataElement.DataType.SALT || type == DataElement.DataType.PRIVATE_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataElement.DataType.TRUSTED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataElement.DataType.PROVISIONED_IDENTITY
-                || type == DataElement.DataType.PUBLIC_IDENTITY;
-    }
-
-    private static Cryptor getCryptor(boolean encrypt) {
-        if (encrypt) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "get V1 Cryptor");
-            return CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        }
-        Log.d(TAG, "get fake Cryptor");
-        return CryptorImpFake.getInstance();
+        return actions;
     }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java
index 39bc60b..50dada2 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/presence/PresenceConstants.java
@@ -18,10 +18,14 @@
 
 import android.os.ParcelUuid;
 
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
 /**
  * Constants for Nearby Presence operations.
  */
 public class PresenceConstants {
+    /** The Presence UUID value in byte array format. */
+    public static final byte[] PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES = ArrayUtils.intToByteArray(0xFCF1);
 
     /** Presence advertisement service data uuid. */
     public static final ParcelUuid PRESENCE_UUID =
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
index 6829fba..66ae79c 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
                         case BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V0:
                             bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(getAdvertiseSettings(),
                                     advertiseData, this);
+                            Log.v(TAG, "Start to broadcast V0 advertisement.");
                             break;
                         case BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1:
                             if (adapter.isLeExtendedAdvertisingSupported()) {
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@
                                         getAdvertisingSetParameters(),
                                         advertiseData,
                                         null, null, null, mAdvertisingSetCallback);
+                                Log.v(TAG, "Start to broadcast V1 advertisement.");
                             } else {
                                 Log.w(TAG, "Failed to start advertising set because the chipset"
                                         + " does not supports LE Extended Advertising feature.");
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@
                                     + " is wrong.");
                             advertiseStarted = false;
                     }
-                } catch (NullPointerException | IllegalStateException | SecurityException e) {
+                } catch (NullPointerException | IllegalStateException | SecurityException
+                    | IllegalArgumentException e) {
                     Log.w(TAG, "Failed to start advertising.", e);
                     advertiseStarted = false;
                 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java
index 355f7cf..e4651b7 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleDiscoveryProvider.java
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 import com.android.server.nearby.presence.ExtendedAdvertisement;
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.server.nearby.util.ForegroundThread;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpIdentityV1;
 
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
@@ -69,15 +68,6 @@
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
     @Nullable
     private List<android.nearby.ScanFilter> mScanFilters;
-    private android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback mScanCallbackLegacy =
-            new android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback() {
-                @Override
-                public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult scanResult) {
-                }
-                @Override
-                public void onScanFailed(int errorCode) {
-                }
-            };
     private android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback mScanCallback =
             new android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback() {
                 @Override
@@ -133,10 +123,6 @@
                         .addMedium(NearbyDevice.Medium.BLE)
                         .setName(deviceName)
                         .setRssi(rssi);
-        for (int i : advertisement.getActions()) {
-            builder.addExtendedProperty(new DataElement(DataElement.DataType.ACTION,
-                    new byte[]{(byte) i}));
-        }
         for (DataElement dataElement : advertisement.getDataElements()) {
             builder.addExtendedProperty(dataElement);
         }
@@ -175,7 +161,6 @@
         if (isBleAvailable()) {
             Log.d(TAG, "BleDiscoveryProvider started");
             startScan(getScanFilters(), getScanSettings(/* legacy= */ false), mScanCallback);
-            startScan(getScanFilters(), getScanSettings(/* legacy= */ true), mScanCallbackLegacy);
             return;
         }
         Log.w(TAG, "Cannot start BleDiscoveryProvider because Ble is not available.");
@@ -192,7 +177,6 @@
         }
         Log.v(TAG, "Ble scan stopped.");
         bluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(mScanCallback);
-        bluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(mScanCallbackLegacy);
         synchronized (mLock) {
             if (mScanFilters != null) {
                 mScanFilters = null;
@@ -284,17 +268,13 @@
                         if (advertisement == null) {
                             continue;
                         }
-                        if (CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance().verify(
-                                advertisement.getIdentity(),
-                                credential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag())) {
-                            builder.setPresenceDevice(getPresenceDevice(advertisement, deviceName,
-                                    rssi));
-                            builder.setEncryptionKeyTag(credential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag());
-                            if (!ArrayUtils.isEmpty(credential.getSecretId())) {
-                                builder.setDeviceId(Arrays.hashCode(credential.getSecretId()));
-                            }
-                            return;
+                        builder.setPresenceDevice(getPresenceDevice(advertisement, deviceName,
+                                rssi));
+                        builder.setEncryptionKeyTag(credential.getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag());
+                        if (!ArrayUtils.isEmpty(credential.getSecretId())) {
+                            builder.setDeviceId(Arrays.hashCode(credential.getSecretId()));
                         }
+                        return;
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java
index 7ab0523..21ec252 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProvider.java
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
 
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS;
+
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -132,7 +135,6 @@
     protected void onSetScanFilters(List<ScanFilter> filters) {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             mScanFilters = filters == null ? null : List.copyOf(filters);
-            updateFiltersLocked();
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@
             builder.setFastPairSupported(version != ChreCommunication.INVALID_NANO_APP_VERSION);
             try {
                 callback.onQueryComplete(builder.build());
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            } catch (RemoteException | NullPointerException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         });
@@ -351,7 +353,11 @@
                                             DataElement.DataType.ACTION,
                                             new byte[]{(byte) filterResult.getIntent()}));
                         }
-
+                        if (filterResult.hasTimestampNs()) {
+                            presenceDeviceBuilder
+                                    .setDiscoveryTimestampMillis(MILLISECONDS.convert(
+                                            filterResult.getTimestampNs(), NANOSECONDS));
+                        }
                         PublicCredential publicCredential =
                                 new PublicCredential.Builder(
                                         secretId,
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java
index 35251d8..e69d004 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtils.java
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
  * ArrayUtils class that help manipulate array.
  */
 public class ArrayUtils {
+    private static final char[] HEX_UPPERCASE = {
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
+    };
+
     /** Concatenate N arrays of bytes into a single array. */
     public static byte[] concatByteArrays(byte[]... arrays) {
         // Degenerate case - no input provided.
@@ -52,4 +56,67 @@
     public static boolean isEmpty(byte[] bytes) {
         return bytes == null || bytes.length == 0;
     }
+
+    /** Appends a byte array to a byte. */
+    public static byte[] append(byte a, byte[] b) {
+        if (b == null) {
+            return new byte[]{a};
+        }
+
+        int length = b.length;
+        byte[] result = new byte[length + 1];
+        result[0] = a;
+        System.arraycopy(b, 0, result, 1, length);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts an Integer to a 2-byte array.
+     */
+    public static byte[] intToByteArray(int value) {
+        return new byte[] {(byte) (value >> 8), (byte) value};
+    }
+
+    /** Appends a byte to a byte array. */
+    public static byte[] append(byte[] a, byte b) {
+        if (a == null) {
+            return new byte[]{b};
+        }
+
+        int length = a.length;
+        byte[] result = new byte[length + 1];
+        System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, 0, length);
+        result[length] = b;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert an hex string to a byte array. */
+
+    public static byte[] stringToBytes(String hex) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        int length = hex.length();
+        if (length % 2 != 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hex string has odd number of characters");
+        }
+        byte[] out = new byte[length / 2];
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
+            // Byte.parseByte() doesn't work here because it expects a hex value in -128, 127, and
+            // our hex values are in 0, 255.
+            out[i / 2] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /** Encodes a byte array as a hexadecimal representation of bytes. */
+    public static String bytesToStringUppercase(byte[] bytes) {
+        int length = bytes.length;
+        StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(length * 2);
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            if (i == length - 1 && (bytes[i] & 0xff) == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            out.append(HEX_UPPERCASE[(bytes[i] & 0xf0) >>> 4]);
+            out.append(HEX_UPPERCASE[bytes[i] & 0x0f]);
+        }
+        return out.toString();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java
index 3c5132d..ba9ca41 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/Cryptor.java
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 
@@ -30,22 +34,28 @@
 
 /** Class for encryption/decryption functionality. */
 public abstract class Cryptor {
+    /**
+     * In the form of "algorithm/mode/padding". Must be the same across broadcast and scan devices.
+     */
+    public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/CTR/NoPadding";
+
+    public static final byte[] NP_HKDF_SALT = "Google Nearby".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
 
     /** AES only supports key sizes of 16, 24 or 32 bytes. */
     static final int AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE = 16;
 
-    private static final String HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM = "HmacSHA256";
+    public static final String HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM = "HmacSHA256";
 
     /**
      * Encrypt the provided data blob.
      *
      * @param data data blob to be encrypted.
-     * @param salt used for IV
+     * @param iv advertisement nonce
      * @param secretKeyBytes secrete key accessed from credentials
      * @return encrypted data, {@code null} if failed to encrypt.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] salt, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
+    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] iv, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
         return data;
     }
 
@@ -53,12 +63,12 @@
      * Decrypt the original data blob from the provided byte array.
      *
      * @param encryptedData data blob to be decrypted.
-     * @param salt used for IV
+     * @param iv advertisement nonce
      * @param secretKeyBytes secrete key accessed from credentials
      * @return decrypted data, {@code null} if failed to decrypt.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] salt, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
+    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] iv, byte[] secretKeyBytes) {
         return encryptedData;
     }
 
@@ -90,7 +100,7 @@
      * A HAMC sha256 based HKDF algorithm to pseudo randomly hash data and salt into a byte array of
      * given size.
      */
-    // Based on google3/third_party/tink/java/src/main/java/com/google/crypto/tink/subtle/Hkdf.java
+    // Based on crypto/tink/subtle/Hkdf.java
     @Nullable
     static byte[] computeHkdf(byte[] ikm, byte[] salt, int size) {
         Mac mac;
@@ -146,4 +156,66 @@
 
         return result;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes an HKDF.
+     *
+     * @param macAlgorithm the MAC algorithm used for computing the Hkdf. I.e., "HMACSHA1" or
+     *                     "HMACSHA256".
+     * @param ikm          the input keying material.
+     * @param salt         optional salt. A possibly non-secret random value.
+     *                     (If no salt is provided i.e. if salt has length 0)
+     *                     then an array of 0s of the same size as the hash
+     *                     digest is used as salt.
+     * @param info         optional context and application specific information.
+     * @param size         The length of the generated pseudorandom string in bytes.
+     * @throws GeneralSecurityException if the {@code macAlgorithm} is not supported or if {@code
+     *                                  size} is too large or if {@code salt} is not a valid key for
+     *                                  macAlgorithm (which should not
+     *                                  happen since HMAC allows key sizes up to 2^64).
+     */
+    public static byte[] computeHkdf(
+            String macAlgorithm, final byte[] ikm, final byte[] salt, final byte[] info, int size)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(macAlgorithm);
+        if (size > 255 * mac.getMacLength()) {
+            throw new GeneralSecurityException("size too large");
+        }
+        if (salt == null || salt.length == 0) {
+            // According to RFC 5869, Section 2.2 the salt is optional. If no salt is provided
+            // then HKDF uses a salt that is an array of zeros of the same length as the hash
+            // digest.
+            mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(new byte[mac.getMacLength()], macAlgorithm));
+        } else {
+            mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(salt, macAlgorithm));
+        }
+        byte[] prk = mac.doFinal(ikm);
+        byte[] result = new byte[size];
+        int ctr = 1;
+        int pos = 0;
+        mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(prk, macAlgorithm));
+        byte[] digest = new byte[0];
+        while (true) {
+            mac.update(digest);
+            mac.update(info);
+            mac.update((byte) ctr);
+            digest = mac.doFinal();
+            if (pos + digest.length < size) {
+                System.arraycopy(digest, 0, result, pos, digest.length);
+                pos += digest.length;
+                ctr++;
+            } else {
+                System.arraycopy(digest, 0, result, pos, size - pos);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /** Generates the HMAC bytes. */
+    public static byte[] generateHmac(String algorithm, byte[] input, byte[] key) {
+        return Hashing.hmacSha256(new SecretKeySpec(key, algorithm))
+                .hashBytes(input)
+                .asBytes();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpFake.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpFake.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c0ec9e..0000000
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpFake.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
-/**
- * A Cryptor that returns the original data without actual encryption
- */
-public class CryptorImpFake extends Cryptor {
-    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
-    @Nullable
-    private static CryptorImpFake sCryptor;
-
-    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpFake. */
-    public static CryptorImpFake getInstance() {
-        if (sCryptor == null) {
-            sCryptor = new CryptorImpFake();
-        }
-        return sCryptor;
-    }
-
-    private CryptorImpFake() {
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b0e19b4..0000000
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
-
-import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-
-import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
-import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
-import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.Cipher;
-import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
-import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
-import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
-import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
-
-/**
- * {@link android.nearby.BroadcastRequest#PRESENCE_VERSION_V1} for identity
- * encryption and decryption.
- */
-public class CryptorImpIdentityV1 extends Cryptor {
-
-    // 3 16 byte arrays known by both the encryptor and decryptor.
-    private static final byte[] EK_IV =
-            new byte[] {14, -123, -39, 42, 109, 127, 83, 27, 27, 11, 91, -38, 92, 17, -84, 66};
-    private static final byte[] ESALT_IV =
-            new byte[] {46, 83, -19, 10, -127, -31, -31, 12, 31, 76, 63, -9, 33, -66, 15, -10};
-    private static final byte[] KTAG_IV =
-            {-22, -83, -6, 67, 16, -99, -13, -9, 8, -3, -16, 37, -75, 47, 1, -56};
-
-    /** Length of encryption key required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE = 32;
-
-    /** Length of salt required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int AES_CTR_IV_SIZE = 16;
-
-    /** Length HMAC tag */
-    public static final int HMAC_TAG_SIZE = 8;
-
-    /**
-     * In the form of "algorithm/mode/padding". Must be the same across broadcast and scan devices.
-     */
-    private static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/CTR/NoPadding";
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static final String ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM = KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES;
-
-    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
-    @Nullable private static CryptorImpIdentityV1 sCryptor;
-
-    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpIdentityV1. */
-    public static CryptorImpIdentityV1 getInstance() {
-        if (sCryptor == null) {
-            sCryptor = new CryptorImpIdentityV1();
-        }
-        return sCryptor;
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, EK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Encrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] esalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ESALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (esalt == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate salt.");
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(esalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(data);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, EK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Decrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get cipher instance.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] esalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ESALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (esalt == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(esalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to decrypt bytes with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generates a digital signature for the data.
-     *
-     * @return signature {@code null} if failed to sign
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] sign(byte[] data, byte[] salt) {
-        if (data == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Not generate HMAC tag because of invalid data input.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 8 bytes HMAC tag
-        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(data, salt, HMAC_TAG_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generates a digital signature for the data.
-     * Uses KTAG_IV as salt value.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] sign(byte[] data) {
-        // Generates a 8 bytes HMAC tag
-        return sign(data, KTAG_IV);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] key, byte[] signature) {
-        return Arrays.equals(sign(data, key), signature);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies the signature generated by data and key, with the original signed data. Uses
-     * KTAG_IV as salt value.
-     */
-    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] signature) {
-        return verify(data, KTAG_IV, signature);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 15073fb..0000000
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
-
-import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-
-import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
-import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
-import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.Cipher;
-import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
-import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
-import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
-import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
-import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
-
-/**
- * {@link android.nearby.BroadcastRequest#PRESENCE_VERSION_V1} for encryption and decryption.
- */
-public class CryptorImpV1 extends Cryptor {
-
-    /**
-     * In the form of "algorithm/mode/padding". Must be the same across broadcast and scan devices.
-     */
-    private static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/CTR/NoPadding";
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static final String ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM = KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES;
-
-    /** Length of encryption key required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE = 32;
-
-    /** Length of salt required by AES/GCM encryption. */
-    private static final int AES_CTR_IV_SIZE = 16;
-
-    /** Length HMAC tag */
-    public static final int HMAC_TAG_SIZE = 16;
-
-    // 3 16 byte arrays known by both the encryptor and decryptor.
-    private static final byte[] AK_IV =
-            new byte[] {12, -59, 19, 23, 96, 57, -59, 19, 117, -31, -116, -61, 86, -25, -33, -78};
-    private static final byte[] ASALT_IV =
-            new byte[] {111, 48, -83, -79, -10, -102, -16, 73, 43, 55, 102, -127, 58, -19, -113, 4};
-    private static final byte[] HK_IV =
-            new byte[] {12, -59, 19, 23, 96, 57, -59, 19, 117, -31, -116, -61, 86, -25, -33, -78};
-
-    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
-    @Nullable private static CryptorImpV1 sCryptor;
-
-    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpV1. */
-    public static CryptorImpV1 getInstance() {
-        if (sCryptor == null) {
-            sCryptor = new CryptorImpV1();
-        }
-        return sCryptor;
-    }
-
-    private CryptorImpV1() {
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, AK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Encrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] asalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ASALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (asalt == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate salt.");
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(asalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(data);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Nullable
-    @Override
-    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] salt, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes encryption key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] encryptionKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, AK_IV, ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE);
-        if (encryptionKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate encryption key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Decrypts the data using the encryption key
-        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(encryptionKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
-        Cipher cipher;
-        try {
-            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get cipher instance.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-        byte[] asalt = Cryptor.computeHkdf(salt, ASALT_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (asalt == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        try {
-            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(asalt));
-        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
-        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to decrypt bytes with secret key.", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] sign(byte[] data, byte[] key) {
-        return generateHmacTag(data, key);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int getSignatureLength() {
-        return HMAC_TAG_SIZE;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] key, byte[] signature) {
-        return Arrays.equals(sign(data, key), signature);
-    }
-
-    /** Generates a 16 bytes HMAC tag. This is used for decryptor to verify if the computed HMAC tag
-     * is equal to HMAC tag in advertisement to see data integrity. */
-    @Nullable
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    byte[] generateHmacTag(byte[] data, byte[] authenticityKey) {
-        if (data == null || authenticityKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Not generate HMAC tag because of invalid data input.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        if (authenticityKey.length != AUTHENTICITY_KEY_BYTE_SIZE) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Illegal authenticity key size");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 32 bytes HMAC key from authenticity_key
-        byte[] hmacKey = Cryptor.computeHkdf(authenticityKey, HK_IV, AES_CTR_IV_SIZE);
-        if (hmacKey == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate HMAC key.");
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // Generates a 16 bytes HMAC tag from authenticity_key
-        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(data, hmacKey, HMAC_TAG_SIZE);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImp.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImp.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dbf85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImp.java
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
+
+import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService.TAG;
+
+import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
+import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
+import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
+import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
+
+/**
+ * MIC encryption and decryption for {@link android.nearby.BroadcastRequest#PRESENCE_VERSION_V1}
+ * advertisement
+ */
+public class CryptorMicImp extends Cryptor {
+
+    public static final int MIC_LENGTH = 16;
+
+    private static final String ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM = KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES;
+    private static final byte[] AES_KEY_INFO_BYTES = "Unsigned Section AES key".getBytes(
+            StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_SALT_DE = "Unsigned Section IV".getBytes(
+            StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE =
+            "V1 derived salt".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_KEY_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES =
+            "Unsigned Section metadata key HMAC key".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final byte[] MIC_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES = "Unsigned Section HMAC key".getBytes(
+            StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    private static final int AES_KEY_SIZE = 16;
+    private static final int ADV_NONCE_SIZE_SALT_DE = 16;
+    private static final int ADV_NONCE_SIZE_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE = 12;
+    private static final int HMAC_KEY_SIZE = 32;
+
+    // Lazily instantiated when {@link #getInstance()} is called.
+    @Nullable
+    private static CryptorMicImp sCryptor;
+
+    private CryptorMicImp() {
+    }
+
+    /** Returns an instance of CryptorImpV1. */
+    public static CryptorMicImp getInstance() {
+        if (sCryptor == null) {
+            sCryptor = new CryptorMicImp();
+        }
+        return sCryptor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate the meta data encryption key tag
+     * @param metadataEncryptionKey used as identity
+     * @param keySeed authenticity key saved in local and shared credential
+     * @return bytes generated by hmac or {@code null} when there is an error
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] generateMetadataEncryptionKeyTag(byte[] metadataEncryptionKey,
+            byte[] keySeed) {
+        try {
+            byte[] metadataKeyHmacKey = generateMetadataKeyHmacKey(keySeed);
+            return Cryptor.generateHmac(/* algorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM, /* input= */
+                    metadataEncryptionKey, /* key= */ metadataKeyHmacKey);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate Metadata encryption key tag.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param salt from the 2 bytes Salt Data Element
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] generateAdvNonce(byte[] salt) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ salt,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_SALT_DE,
+                /* size= */ ADV_NONCE_SIZE_SALT_DE);
+    }
+
+    /** Generates the 12 bytes nonce with salt from the 2 bytes Salt Data Element */
+    @Nullable
+    public static byte[] generateAdvNonce(byte[] salt, int deIndex)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        // go/nearby-specs-working-doc
+        // Indices are encoded as big-endian unsigned 32-bit integers, starting at 1.
+        // Index 0 is reserved
+        byte[] indexBytes = new byte[4];
+        indexBytes[3] = (byte) deIndex;
+        byte[] info =
+                ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(ADV_NONCE_INFO_BYTES_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE, indexBytes);
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ salt,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ info,
+                /* size= */ ADV_NONCE_SIZE_ENCRYPTION_INFO_DE);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public byte[] encrypt(byte[] input, byte[] iv, byte[] keySeed) {
+        if (input == null || iv == null || keySeed == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Cipher cipher;
+        try {
+            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        byte[] aesKey;
+        try {
+            aesKey = generateAesKey(keySeed);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Encryption failed because failed to generate the AES key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (aesKey == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Failed to generate the AES key.");
+            return null;
+        }
+        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
+        try {
+            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
+        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
+            return null;
+
+        }
+        try {
+            return cipher.doFinal(input);
+        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to encrypt with secret key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, byte[] iv, byte[] keySeed) {
+        if (encryptedData == null || iv == null || keySeed == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Cipher cipher;
+        try {
+            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get cipher instance.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        byte[] aesKey;
+        try {
+            aesKey = generateAesKey(keySeed);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Decryption failed because failed to generate the AES key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM);
+        try {
+            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
+        } catch (InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to initialize cipher.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
+        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to decrypt bytes with secret key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] sign(byte[] data, byte[] key) {
+        byte[] res = generateHmacTag(data, key);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getSignatureLength() {
+        return MIC_LENGTH;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] key, byte[] signature) {
+        return Arrays.equals(sign(data, key), signature);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a 16 bytes HMAC tag. This is used for decryptor to verify if the computed HMAC tag
+     * is equal to HMAC tag in advertisement to see data integrity.
+     *
+     * @param input   concatenated advertisement UUID, header, section header, derived salt, and
+     *                section content
+     * @param keySeed the MIC HMAC key is calculated using the derived key
+     * @return the first 16 bytes of HMAC-SHA256 result
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    byte[] generateHmacTag(byte[] input, byte[] keySeed) {
+        try {
+            if (input == null || keySeed == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            byte[] micHmacKey = generateMicHmacKey(keySeed);
+            byte[] hmac = Cryptor.generateHmac(/* algorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM, /* input= */
+                    input, /* key= */ micHmacKey);
+            if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(hmac)) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return Arrays.copyOf(hmac, MIC_LENGTH);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to generate mic hmac key.", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static byte[] generateAesKey(byte[] keySeed) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ keySeed,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ AES_KEY_INFO_BYTES,
+                /* size= */ AES_KEY_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] generateMetadataKeyHmacKey(byte[] keySeed)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return generateHmacKey(keySeed, METADATA_KEY_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] generateMicHmacKey(byte[] keySeed) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return generateHmacKey(keySeed, MIC_HMAC_KEY_INFO_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] generateHmacKey(byte[] keySeed, byte[] info)
+            throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        return Cryptor.computeHkdf(
+                /* macAlgorithm= */ HMAC_SHA256_ALGORITHM,
+                /* ikm = */ keySeed,
+                /* salt= */ NP_HKDF_SALT,
+                /* info= */ info,
+                /* size= */ HMAC_KEY_SIZE);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto b/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto
index e1bf455..bf9357b 100644
--- a/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto
+++ b/nearby/service/proto/src/presence/blefilter.proto
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@
   repeated DataElement data_element = 7;
   optional bytes ble_service_data = 8;
   optional ResultType result_type = 9;
+  // Timestamp when the device is discovered, in nanoseconds,
+  // relative to Android SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos().
+  optional uint64 timestamp_ns = 10;
 }
 
 message BleFilterResults {
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
index 5ddfed3..644e178 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
@@ -68,7 +69,12 @@
                 "3", false);
         Thread.sleep(500);
 
-        assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()).isTrue();
+        // TestAppSupported Flag can only be set to true in user-debug devices.
+        if (Build.isDebuggable()) {
+            assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()).isTrue();
+        } else {
+            assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isTestAppSupported()).isFalse();
+        }
         assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.isPresenceBroadcastLegacyEnabled()).isTrue();
         assertThat(mNearbyConfiguration.getNanoAppMinVersion()).isEqualTo(3);
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
index bc38210..7ff7b13 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest;
 import android.nearby.PresenceCredential;
 import android.nearby.PrivateCredential;
+import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
@@ -74,6 +77,8 @@
     IBroadcastListener mBroadcastListener;
     @Mock
     BleBroadcastProvider mBleBroadcastProvider;
+    @Mock
+    IBinder mBinder;
     private Context mContext;
     private BroadcastProviderManager mBroadcastProviderManager;
     private BroadcastRequest mBroadcastRequest;
@@ -82,9 +87,12 @@
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
+        when(mBroadcastListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(mBinder);
         mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
         DeviceConfig.setProperty(
                 NAMESPACE, NEARBY_ENABLE_PRESENCE_BROADCAST_LEGACY, "true", false);
+        DeviceConfig.setProperty(
+                NAMESPACE, NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, "true", false);
 
         mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
         mBroadcastProviderManager = new BroadcastProviderManager(
@@ -104,15 +112,28 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testStartAdvertising() {
+    public void testStartAdvertising() throws Exception {
         mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, mBroadcastListener);
         verify(mBleBroadcastProvider).start(eq(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V0),
                 any(byte[].class), any(BleBroadcastProvider.BroadcastListener.class));
+        verify(mBinder).linkToDeath(any(), eq(0));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testStopAdvertising() {
+        mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, mBroadcastListener);
         mBroadcastProviderManager.stopBroadcast(mBroadcastListener);
+        verify(mBinder).unlinkToDeath(any(), eq(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterAdvertising_twoTimes_fail() throws Exception {
+        IBroadcastListener newListener = mock(IBroadcastListener.class);
+        IBinder newBinder = mock(IBinder.class);
+        when(newListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(newBinder);
+        mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, mBroadcastListener);
+        mBroadcastProviderManager.startBroadcast(mBroadcastRequest, newListener);
+        verify(newListener).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_FAILURE));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java
index aa0dad3..a8c30a8 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacyTest.java
@@ -23,10 +23,12 @@
 
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -86,6 +88,8 @@
     DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.ScanListenerDeathRecipient mScanListenerDeathRecipient;
     @Mock
     IBinder mIBinder;
+    @Mock
+    BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
     private DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy mDiscoveryProviderManager;
     private Map<IBinder, DiscoveryProviderManagerLegacy.ScanListenerRecord>
             mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap;
@@ -137,8 +141,11 @@
     public void setup() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         when(mInjector.getAppOpsManager()).thenReturn(mAppOpsManager);
+        when(mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter()).thenReturn(mBluetoothAdapter);
         when(mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mBluetoothController);
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mChreController);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
 
         mScanTypeScanListenerRecordMap = new HashMap<>();
         mDiscoveryProviderManager =
@@ -164,6 +171,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void test_enableBleWhenBleOff() throws Exception {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        mDiscoveryProviderManager.init();
+        verify(mBluetoothAdapter, times(1)).enableBLE();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStartProviders_chreOnlyChreAvailable_bleProviderNotStarted() {
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.available()).thenReturn(true);
 
@@ -375,4 +389,62 @@
                 .isTrue();
         assertThat(manager.mChreDiscoveryProvider.getFiltersLocked()).isNotNull();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bluetoothEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bleEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enableFailed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_scanIsOn() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_failed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java
index 7ecf631..b05893f 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/DiscoveryProviderManagerTest.java
@@ -24,10 +24,12 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.nearby.DataElement;
 import android.nearby.IScanListener;
@@ -80,6 +82,8 @@
     CallerIdentity mCallerIdentity;
     @Mock
     IBinder mIBinder;
+    @Mock
+    BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
     private Executor mExecutor;
     private DiscoveryProviderManager mDiscoveryProviderManager;
 
@@ -134,6 +138,9 @@
         when(mBleDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mBluetoothController);
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.getController()).thenReturn(mChreController);
         when(mScanListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(mIBinder);
+        when(mInjector.getBluetoothAdapter()).thenReturn(mBluetoothAdapter);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
 
         mDiscoveryProviderManager =
                 new DiscoveryProviderManager(mContext, mExecutor, mInjector,
@@ -157,6 +164,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void test_enableBleWhenBleOff() throws Exception {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        mDiscoveryProviderManager.init();
+        verify(mBluetoothAdapter, times(1)).enableBLE();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStartProviders_chreOnlyChreAvailable_bleProviderNotStarted() {
         reset(mBluetoothController);
         when(mChreDiscoveryProvider.available()).thenReturn(true);
@@ -336,4 +350,62 @@
                 .isTrue();
         assertThat(manager.mChreDiscoveryProvider.getFiltersLocked()).isNotNull();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bluetoothEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isBluetoothEnabledTest_bleEnabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enabled() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_enableFailed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.enableBLE()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_scanIsOn() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enabledTest_failed() {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isLeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isBleScanAlwaysAvailable()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertThat(mDiscoveryProviderManager.setBleScanEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfoTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ec7c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/EncryptionInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import com.android.server.nearby.presence.EncryptionInfo.EncodingScheme;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link EncryptionInfo}.
+ */
+public class EncryptionInfoTest {
+    private static final byte[] SALT =
+            new byte[]{25, -21, 35, -108, -26, -126, 99, 60, 110, 45, -116, 34, 91, 126, -23, 127};
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_illegalLength() {
+        byte[] data = new byte[]{1, 2};
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new EncryptionInfo(data));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_illegalEncodingScheme() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EncryptionInfo(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b10110000, SALT)));
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EncryptionInfo(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b01101000, SALT)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_getMethods_signature() {
+        byte[] data = ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b10001000, SALT);
+        EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+        assertThat(info.getEncodingScheme()).isEqualTo(EncodingScheme.SIGNATURE);
+        assertThat(info.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_getMethods_mic() {
+        byte[] data = ArrayUtils.append((byte) 0b10000000, SALT);
+        EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+        assertThat(info.getEncodingScheme()).isEqualTo(EncodingScheme.MIC);
+        assertThat(info.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void test_toBytes() {
+        byte[] data = EncryptionInfo.toByte(EncodingScheme.MIC, SALT);
+        EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(data);
+        assertThat(info.getEncodingScheme()).isEqualTo(EncodingScheme.MIC);
+        assertThat(info.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java
index 895df69..3f00a42 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/presence/ExtendedAdvertisementTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.presence;
 
+import static com.android.server.nearby.presence.PresenceConstants.PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES;
+
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import android.nearby.BroadcastRequest;
@@ -25,19 +27,22 @@
 import android.nearby.PrivateCredential;
 import android.nearby.PublicCredential;
 
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpIdentityV1;
-import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorImpV1;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.ArrayUtils;
+import com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption.CryptorMicImp;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class ExtendedAdvertisementTest {
+    private static final int EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH = 67;
     private static final int IDENTITY_TYPE = PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
+    private static final int DATA_TYPE_ACTION = 6;
     private static final int DATA_TYPE_MODEL_ID = 7;
     private static final int DATA_TYPE_BLE_ADDRESS = 101;
     private static final int DATA_TYPE_PUBLIC_IDENTITY = 3;
@@ -49,18 +54,23 @@
     private static final DataElement BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT =
             new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_BLE_ADDRESS, BLE_ADDRESS);
 
-    private static final byte[] IDENTITY =
-            new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4};
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY =
+            new byte[]{-39, -55, 115, 78, -57, 40, 115, 0, -112, 86, -86, 7, -42, 68, 11, 12};
     private static final int MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE = 0;
     private static final byte[] SALT = {2, 3};
+
     private static final int PRESENCE_ACTION_1 = 1;
     private static final int PRESENCE_ACTION_2 = 2;
+    private static final DataElement PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1 =
+            new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_ACTION, new byte[]{PRESENCE_ACTION_1});
+    private static final DataElement PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2 =
+            new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_ACTION, new byte[]{PRESENCE_ACTION_2});
 
     private static final byte[] SECRET_ID = new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4};
     private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
             new byte[]{-97, 10, 107, -86, 25, 65, -54, -95, -72, 59, 54, 93, 9, 3, -24, -88};
     private static final byte[] PUBLIC_KEY =
-            new byte[] {
+            new byte[]{
                     48, 89, 48, 19, 6, 7, 42, -122, 72, -50, 61, 2, 1, 6, 8, 42, -122, 72, -50, 61,
                     66, 0, 4, -56, -39, -92, 69, 0, 52, 23, 67, 83, -14, 75, 52, -14, -5, -41, 48,
                     -83, 31, 42, -39, 102, -13, 22, -73, -73, 86, 30, -96, -84, -13, 4, 122, 104,
@@ -68,7 +78,7 @@
                     123, 41, -119, -25, 1, -112, 112
             };
     private static final byte[] ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES =
-            new byte[] {
+            new byte[]{
                     -44, -25, -95, -124, -7, 90, 116, -8, 7, -120, -23, -22, -106, -44, -19, 61,
                     -18, 39, 29, 78, 108, -11, -39, 85, -30, 64, -99, 102, 65, 37, -42, 114, -37,
                     88, -112, 8, -75, -53, 23, -16, -104, 67, 49, 48, -53, 73, -109, 44, -23, -11,
@@ -78,23 +88,65 @@
                     -4, -46, -30, -85, -50, 100, 46, -66, -128, 7, 66, 9, 88, 95, 12, -13, 81, -91,
             };
     private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG =
-            new byte[] {-126, -104, 1, -1, 26, -46, -68, -86};
+            new byte[]{-100, 102, -35, -99, 66, -85, -55, -58, -52, 11, -74, 102, 109, -89, 1, -34,
+                    45, 43, 107, -60, 99, -21, 28, 34, 31, -100, -96, 108, 108, -18, 107, 5};
+
+    private static final String ENCODED_ADVERTISEMENT_ENCRYPTION_INFO =
+            "2091911000DE2A89ED98474AF3E41E48487E8AEBDE90014C18BCB9F9AAC5C11A1BE00A10A5DCD2C49A74BE"
+                    + "BAF0FE72FD5053B9DF8B9976C80BE0DCE8FEE83F1BFA9A89EB176CA48EE4ED5D15C6CDAD6B9E"
+                    + "41187AA6316D7BFD8E454A53971AC00836F7AB0771FF0534050037D49C6AEB18CF9F8590E5CD"
+                    + "EE2FBC330FCDC640C63F0735B7E3F02FE61A0496EF976A158AD3455D";
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG_2 =
+            new byte[]{-54, -39, 41, 16, 61, 79, -116, 14, 94, 0, 84, 45, 26, -108, 66, -48, 124,
+                    -81, 61, 56, -98, -47, 14, -19, 116, 106, -27, 123, -81, 49, 83, -42};
+
     private static final String DEVICE_NAME = "test_device";
 
+    private static final byte[] SALT_16 =
+            ArrayUtils.stringToBytes("DE2A89ED98474AF3E41E48487E8AEBDE");
+    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY_2 =  ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "959D2F3CAB8EE4A2DEB0255C03762CF5D39EB919300420E75A089050FB025E20");
+    private static final byte[] METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2 =  ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "EF5E9A0867560E52AE1F05FCA7E48D29");
+
+    private static final DataElement DE1 = new DataElement(571, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "537F96FD94E13BE589F0141145CFC0EEC4F86FBDB2"));
+    private static final DataElement DE2 = new DataElement(541, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "D301FFB24B5B"));
+    private static final DataElement DE3 = new DataElement(51, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "EA95F07C25B75C04E1B2B8731F6A55BA379FB141"));
+    private static final DataElement DE4 = new DataElement(729, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(
+            "2EFD3101E2311BBB108F0A7503907EAF0C2EAAA60CDA8D33A294C4CEACE0"));
+    private static final DataElement DE5 = new DataElement(411, ArrayUtils.stringToBytes("B0"));
+
     private PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder mBuilder;
+    private PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder mBuilderCredentialInfo;
     private PrivateCredential mPrivateCredential;
+    private PrivateCredential mPrivateCredential2;
+
     private PublicCredential mPublicCredential;
+    private PublicCredential mPublicCredential2;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         mPrivateCredential =
-                new PrivateCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, IDENTITY, DEVICE_NAME)
+                new PrivateCredential.Builder(
+                        SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY, DEVICE_NAME)
+                        .setIdentityType(PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE)
+                        .build();
+        mPrivateCredential2 =
+                new PrivateCredential.Builder(
+                        SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY_2, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2, DEVICE_NAME)
                         .setIdentityType(PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE)
                         .build();
         mPublicCredential =
                 new PublicCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, PUBLIC_KEY,
                         ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG)
                         .build();
+        mPublicCredential2 =
+                new PublicCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY_2, PUBLIC_KEY,
+                        ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES, METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_TAG_2)
+                        .build();
         mBuilder =
                 new PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(Collections.singletonList(MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE),
                         SALT, mPrivateCredential)
@@ -103,6 +155,16 @@
                         .addAction(PRESENCE_ACTION_2)
                         .addExtendedProperty(new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_BLE_ADDRESS, BLE_ADDRESS))
                         .addExtendedProperty(new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_MODEL_ID, MODE_ID_DATA));
+
+        mBuilderCredentialInfo =
+                new PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(Collections.singletonList(MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE),
+                        SALT_16, mPrivateCredential2)
+                        .setVersion(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE1)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE2)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE3)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE4)
+                        .addExtendedProperty(DE5);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -112,36 +174,50 @@
 
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getActions())
                 .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
-        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
-        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(66);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
                 BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
         assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getDataElements())
-                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+                .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2,
+                        MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_createFromRequest_credentialInfo() {
+        ExtendedAdvertisement originalAdvertisement = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(
+                mBuilderCredentialInfo.build());
+
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
+                BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT_16);
+        assertThat(originalAdvertisement.getDataElements())
+                .containsExactly(DE1, DE2, DE3, DE4, DE5);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void test_createFromRequest_encodeAndDecode() {
         ExtendedAdvertisement originalAdvertisement = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(
                 mBuilder.build());
-
         byte[] generatedBytes = originalAdvertisement.toBytes();
-
         ExtendedAdvertisement newAdvertisement =
                 ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(generatedBytes, mPublicCredential);
 
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getActions())
                 .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
-        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY);
+        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
-        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(66);
+        assertThat(newAdvertisement.getLength()).isEqualTo(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
                 BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
         assertThat(newAdvertisement.getDataElements())
-                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT,
+                        PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -170,45 +246,77 @@
                         .setVersion(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1)
                         .addAction(PRESENCE_ACTION_1);
         assertThat(ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(builder2.build())).isNull();
-
-        // empty action
-        PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder builder3 =
-                new PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(Collections.singletonList(MEDIUM_TYPE_BLE),
-                        SALT, mPrivateCredential)
-                        .setVersion(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
-        assertThat(ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(builder3.build())).isNull();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void test_toBytes() {
+    public void test_toBytesSalt() throws Exception {
         ExtendedAdvertisement adv = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(mBuilder.build());
         assertThat(adv.toBytes()).isEqualTo(getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void test_fromBytes() {
+    public void test_fromBytesSalt() throws Exception {
         byte[] originalBytes = getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray();
         ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
                 ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(originalBytes, mPublicCredential);
 
         assertThat(adv.getActions())
                 .containsExactly(PRESENCE_ACTION_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
-        assertThat(adv.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY);
+        assertThat(adv.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY);
         assertThat(adv.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
-        assertThat(adv.getLength()).isEqualTo(66);
+        assertThat(adv.getLength()).isEqualTo(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
         assertThat(adv.getVersion()).isEqualTo(
                 BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
         assertThat(adv.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT);
         assertThat(adv.getDataElements())
-                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT);
+                .containsExactly(MODE_ID_ADDRESS_ELEMENT, BLE_ADDRESS_ELEMENT,
+                        PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_1, PRESENCE_ACTION_DE_2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_toBytesCredentialElement() {
+        ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
+                ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(mBuilderCredentialInfo.build());
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.bytesToStringUppercase(adv.toBytes())).isEqualTo(
+                ENCODED_ADVERTISEMENT_ENCRYPTION_INFO);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_fromBytesCredentialElement() {
+        ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
+                ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(
+                        ArrayUtils.stringToBytes(ENCODED_ADVERTISEMENT_ENCRYPTION_INFO),
+                        mPublicCredential2);
+        assertThat(adv.getIdentity()).isEqualTo(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY_2);
+        assertThat(adv.getIdentityType()).isEqualTo(IDENTITY_TYPE);
+        assertThat(adv.getVersion()).isEqualTo(BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1);
+        assertThat(adv.getSalt()).isEqualTo(SALT_16);
+        assertThat(adv.getDataElements()).containsExactly(DE1, DE2, DE3, DE4, DE5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_fromBytes_metadataTagNotMatched_fail() throws Exception {
+        byte[] originalBytes = getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray();
+        PublicCredential credential =
+                new PublicCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, PUBLIC_KEY,
+                        ENCRYPTED_METADATA_BYTES,
+                        new byte[]{113, 90, -55, 73, 25, -9, 55, -44, 102, 44, 81, -68, 101, 21, 32,
+                                92, -107, 3, 108, 90, 28, -73, 16, 49, -95, -121, 8, -45, -27, 16,
+                                6, 108})
+                        .build();
+        ExtendedAdvertisement adv =
+                ExtendedAdvertisement.fromBytes(originalBytes, credential);
+        assertThat(adv).isNull();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void test_toString() {
         ExtendedAdvertisement adv = ExtendedAdvertisement.createFromRequest(mBuilder.build());
         assertThat(adv.toString()).isEqualTo("ExtendedAdvertisement:"
-                + "<VERSION: 1, length: 66, dataElementCount: 2, identityType: 1, "
-                + "identity: [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4], salt: [2, 3],"
+                + "<VERSION: 1, length: " + EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH
+                + ", dataElementCount: 4, identityType: 1, "
+                + "identity: " + Arrays.toString(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY)
+                + ", salt: [2, 3],"
                 + " actions: [1, 2]>");
     }
 
@@ -222,26 +330,22 @@
         assertThat(adv.getDataElements(DATA_TYPE_PUBLIC_IDENTITY)).isEmpty();
     }
 
-    private static byte[] getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray() {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(66);
+    private static byte[] getExtendedAdvertisementByteArray() throws Exception {
+        CryptorMicImp cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH);
         buffer.put((byte) 0b00100000); // Header V1
-        buffer.put((byte) 0b00100000); // Salt header: length 2, type 0
+        buffer.put(
+                (byte) (EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH - 2)); // Section header (section length)
+
         // Salt data
-        buffer.put(SALT);
+        // Salt header: length 2, type 0
+        byte[] saltBytes = ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00100000}, SALT);
+        buffer.put(saltBytes);
         // Identity header: length 16, type 1 (private identity)
-        buffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b10010000, (byte) 0b00000001});
-        // Identity data
-        buffer.put(CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance().encrypt(IDENTITY, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
+        byte[] identityHeader = new byte[]{(byte) 0b10010000, (byte) 0b00000001};
+        buffer.put(identityHeader);
 
         ByteBuffer deBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(28);
-        // Action1 header: length 1, type 6
-        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
-        // Action1 data
-        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_1);
-        // Action2 header: length 1, type 6
-        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
-        // Action2 data
-        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
         // Ble address header: length 7, type 102
         deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b10000111, (byte) 0b01100101});
         // Ble address data
@@ -250,11 +354,30 @@
         deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b10001101, (byte) 0b00000111});
         // model id data
         deBuffer.put(MODE_ID_DATA);
+        // Action1 header: length 1, type 6
+        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
+        // Action1 data
+        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_1);
+        // Action2 header: length 1, type 6
+        deBuffer.put(new byte[]{(byte) 0b00010110});
+        // Action2 data
+        deBuffer.put((byte) PRESENCE_ACTION_2);
+        byte[] deBytes = deBuffer.array();
+        byte[] nonce = CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(SALT);
+        byte[] ciphertext =
+                cryptor.encrypt(
+                        ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(METADATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY, deBytes),
+                        nonce, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        buffer.put(ciphertext);
 
-        byte[] data = deBuffer.array();
-        CryptorImpV1 cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        buffer.put(cryptor.encrypt(data, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
-        buffer.put(cryptor.sign(data, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
+        byte[] dataToSign = ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(
+                PRESENCE_UUID_BYTES, /* UUID */
+                new byte[]{(byte) 0b00100000}, /* header */
+                new byte[]{(byte) (EXTENDED_ADVERTISEMENT_BYTE_LENGTH - 2)} /* sectionHeader */,
+                saltBytes, /* salt */
+                nonce, identityHeader, ciphertext);
+        byte[] mic = cryptor.sign(dataToSign, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        buffer.put(mic);
 
         return buffer.array();
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java
index 05b556b..0b1a742 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProviderTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.nearby.provider;
 
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeast;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@
 
         AdvertiseSettings settings = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder().build();
         mBleBroadcastProvider.onStartSuccess(settings);
-        verify(mBroadcastListener).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
+        verify(mBroadcastListener, atLeast(1)).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@
         // advertising set can not be mocked, so we will allow nulls
         mBleBroadcastProvider.mAdvertisingSetCallback.onAdvertisingSetStarted(null, -30,
                 AdvertisingSetCallback.ADVERTISE_SUCCESS);
-        verify(mBroadcastListener).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
+        verify(mBroadcastListener, atLeast(1)).onStatusChanged(eq(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
index 154441b..8ee661f 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
 
     @Test
     @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
-    public void testOnNearbyDeviceDiscoveredWithDataElements() {
+    public void testOnNearbyDeviceDiscoveredWithDataElements_TIME() {
         // Disables the setting of test app support
         boolean isSupportedTestApp = getDeviceConfigBoolean(
                 NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, false /* defaultValue */);
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
         // First byte is length of service data, padding zeros should be thrown away.
         final byte [] bleServiceData = new byte[] {5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0};
         final byte [] testData = new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+        final long timestampNs = 1697765417070000000L;
 
         final List<DataElement> expectedExtendedProperties = new ArrayList<>();
         expectedExtendedProperties.add(new DataElement(DATA_TYPE_CONNECTION_STATUS_KEY,
@@ -262,6 +263,7 @@
                                 .setValue(ByteString.copyFrom(testData))
                                 .setValueLength(testData.length)
                         )
+                        .setTimestampNs(timestampNs)
                         .build();
         Blefilter.BleFilterResults results =
                 Blefilter.BleFilterResults.newBuilder().addResult(result).build();
@@ -285,11 +287,18 @@
             DeviceConfig.setProperty(NAMESPACE, NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, "true", false);
             assertThat(new NearbyConfiguration().isTestAppSupported()).isTrue();
         }
+        // Nanoseconds to Milliseconds
+        assertThat((mNearbyDevice.getValue().getPresenceDevice())
+                .getDiscoveryTimestampMillis()).isEqualTo(timestampNs / 1000000);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 33, codeName = "T")
     public void testOnNearbyDeviceDiscoveredWithTestDataElements() {
+        // The feature only supports user-debug builds.
+        if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {
+            return;
+        }
         // Enables the setting of test app support
         boolean isSupportedTestApp = getDeviceConfigBoolean(
                 NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP, false /* defaultValue */);
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java
index a759baf..455c432 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/ArrayUtilsTest.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
-import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
-
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public final class ArrayUtilsTest {
@@ -30,51 +28,58 @@
     private static final byte[] BYTES_ALL = new byte[] {7, 9, 8};
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysNoInput() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays().length).isEqualTo(0);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysOneEmptyArray() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_EMPTY).length).isEqualTo(0);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysOneNonEmptyArray() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_ONE)).isEqualTo(BYTES_ONE);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysMultipleNonEmptyArrays() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_ONE, BYTES_TWO)).isEqualTo(BYTES_ALL);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testConcatByteArraysMultipleArrays() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.concatByteArrays(BYTES_ONE, BYTES_EMPTY, BYTES_TWO))
                 .isEqualTo(BYTES_ALL);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testIsEmptyNull_returnsTrue() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.isEmpty(null)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testIsEmpty_returnsTrue() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.isEmpty(new byte[]{})).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testIsEmpty_returnsFalse() {
         assertThat(ArrayUtils.isEmpty(BYTES_ALL)).isFalse();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppendByte() {
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 2, BYTES_ONE)).isEqualTo(new byte[]{2, 7, 9});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppendByteNull() {
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.append((byte) 2, null)).isEqualTo(new byte[]{2});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppendByteToArray() {
+        assertThat(ArrayUtils.append(BYTES_ONE, (byte) 2)).isEqualTo(new byte[]{7, 9, 2});
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1Test.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1Test.java
deleted file mode 100644
index f0294fc..0000000
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpIdentityV1Test.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-public class CryptorImpIdentityV1Test {
-    private static final String TAG = "CryptorImpIdentityV1Test";
-    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[] {102, 22};
-    private static final byte[] DATA =
-            new byte[] {107, -102, 101, 107, 20, 62, 2, 73, 113, 59, 8, -14, -58, 122};
-    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
-            new byte[] {-89, 88, -50, -42, -99, 57, 84, -24, 121, 1, -104, -8, -26, -73, -36, 100};
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encrypt_decrypt() {
-        Cryptor identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] encryptedData = identityCryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-
-        assertThat(identityCryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY)).isEqualTo(DATA);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encryption() {
-        Cryptor identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] encryptedData = identityCryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "encrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(encryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(encryptedData).isEqualTo(getEncryptedData());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_decryption() {
-        Cryptor identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] decryptedData =
-                identityCryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "decrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(decryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(decryptedData).isEqualTo(DATA);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void generateHmacTag() {
-        CryptorImpIdentityV1 identityCryptor = CryptorImpIdentityV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] generatedTag = identityCryptor.sign(DATA);
-        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{50, 116, 95, -87, 63, 123, -79, -43};
-        assertThat(generatedTag).isEqualTo(expectedTag);
-    }
-
-    private static byte[] getEncryptedData() {
-        return new byte[]{6, -31, -32, -123, 43, -92, -47, -110, -65, 126, -15, -51, -19, -43};
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1Test.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1Test.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ca2575..0000000
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorImpV1Test.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
-
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-/**
- * Unit test for {@link CryptorImpV1}
- */
-public final class CryptorImpV1Test {
-    private static final String TAG = "CryptorImpV1Test";
-    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[] {102, 22};
-    private static final byte[] DATA =
-            new byte[] {107, -102, 101, 107, 20, 62, 2, 73, 113, 59, 8, -14, -58, 122};
-    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
-            new byte[] {-89, 88, -50, -42, -99, 57, 84, -24, 121, 1, -104, -8, -26, -73, -36, 100};
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encryption() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] encryptedData = v1Cryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "encrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(encryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(encryptedData).isEqualTo(getEncryptedData());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_encryption_invalidInput() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.encrypt(DATA, SALT, new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 6})).isNull();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_decryption() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] decryptedData =
-                v1Cryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), SALT, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        // for debugging
-        Log.d(TAG, "decrypted data is: " + Arrays.toString(decryptedData));
-
-        assertThat(decryptedData).isEqualTo(DATA);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_decryption_invalidInput() {
-        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), SALT, new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 6})).isNull();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void generateSign() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] generatedTag = v1Cryptor.sign(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{
-                100, 88, -104, 80, -66, 107, -38, 95, 34, 40, -56, -23, -90, 90, -87, 12};
-        assertThat(generatedTag).isEqualTo(expectedTag);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_verify() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{
-                100, 88, -104, 80, -66, 107, -38, 95, 34, 40, -56, -23, -90, 90, -87, 12};
-
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, expectedTag)).isTrue();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, DATA)).isFalse();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_generateHmacTag_sameResult() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        byte[] res1 = v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
-        assertThat(res1)
-                .isEqualTo(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullData() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(/* data= */ null, AUTHENTICITY_KEY)).isNull();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullKey() {
-        CryptorImpV1 v1Cryptor = CryptorImpV1.getInstance();
-        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, /* authenticityKey= */ null)).isNull();
-    }
-
-    private static byte[] getEncryptedData() {
-        return new byte[]{-92, 94, -99, -97, 81, -48, -7, 119, -64, -22, 45, -49, -50, 92};
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImpTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImpTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6d2333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorMicImpTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.util.encryption;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link CryptorMicImp}
+ */
+public final class CryptorMicImpTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "CryptorImpV1Test";
+    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[]{102, 22};
+    private static final byte[] DATA =
+            new byte[]{107, -102, 101, 107, 20, 62, 2, 73, 113, 59, 8, -14, -58, 122};
+    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY =
+            new byte[]{-89, 88, -50, -42, -99, 57, 84, -24, 121, 1, -104, -8, -26, -73, -36, 100};
+
+    private static byte[] getEncryptedData() {
+        return new byte[]{112, 23, -111, 87, 122, -27, 45, -25, -35, 84, -89, 115, 61, 113};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_encryption() throws Exception {
+        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] encryptedData =
+                v1Cryptor.encrypt(DATA,  CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(SALT), AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        assertThat(encryptedData).isEqualTo(getEncryptedData());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_decryption() throws Exception {
+        Cryptor v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] decryptedData =
+                v1Cryptor.decrypt(getEncryptedData(), CryptorMicImp.generateAdvNonce(SALT),
+                        AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        assertThat(decryptedData).isEqualTo(DATA);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_verify() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] expectedTag = new byte[]{
+                -80, -51, -101, -7, -65, 110, 37, 68, 122, -128, 57, -90, -115, -59, -61, 46};
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, expectedTag)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.verify(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, DATA)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_generateHmacTag_sameResult() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        byte[] res1 = v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY);
+        assertThat(res1)
+                .isEqualTo(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullData() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(/* data= */ null, AUTHENTICITY_KEY)).isNull();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_generateHmacTag_nullKey() {
+        CryptorMicImp v1Cryptor = CryptorMicImp.getInstance();
+        assertThat(v1Cryptor.generateHmacTag(DATA, /* authenticityKey= */ null)).isNull();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java
index ca612e3..1fb2236 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/encryption/CryptorTest.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
         assertThat(res2).hasLength(outputSize);
         assertThat(res1).isNotEqualTo(res2);
         assertThat(res1)
-                .isEqualTo(CryptorImpV1.computeHkdf(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, outputSize));
+                .isEqualTo(CryptorMicImp.computeHkdf(DATA, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, outputSize));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/remoteauth/framework-udc-compat/Android.bp b/remoteauth/framework-udc-compat/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..799ffd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/framework-udc-compat/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// Sources included in the framework-connectivity jar for compatibility
+// builds in udc branches. They are only compatibility stubs to make
+// the module build, since remoteauth is not available on U.
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-remoteauth-java-sources-udc-compat",
+    srcs: [
+        "java/**/*.java",
+    ],
+    path: "java",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
diff --git a/remoteauth/framework-udc-compat/java/README.md b/remoteauth/framework-udc-compat/java/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a01308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/framework-udc-compat/java/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# RemoteAuth udc compatibility framework files
+
+This directory is created to contain compatibility implementations of RemoteAuth classes for builds
+in udc branches.
diff --git a/remoteauth/service-udc-compat/Android.bp b/remoteauth/service-udc-compat/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69c667d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/service-udc-compat/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// Compatibility library included in the service-connectivity jar for
+// builds in udc branches. It only contains compatibility stubs to make
+// the module build, since remoteauth is not available on U.
+
+// Main lib for remoteauth services.
+java_library {
+    name: "service-remoteauth-pre-jarjar-udc-compat",
+    srcs: ["java/**/*.java"],
+
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-system-server-module-defaults"
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "error_prone_annotations",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "system_server_current",
+    // This is included in service-connectivity which is 30+
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+
+    dex_preopt: {
+        enabled: false,
+        app_image: false,
+    },
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
diff --git a/remoteauth/service-udc-compat/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/RemoteAuthService.java b/remoteauth/service-udc-compat/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/RemoteAuthService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac4fde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remoteauth/service-udc-compat/java/com/android/server/remoteauth/RemoteAuthService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.remoteauth;
+
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.content.Context;
+
+/** Compatibility stub for RemoteAuthService in udc branch builds. */
+public class RemoteAuthService extends Binder {
+    public static final String SERVICE_NAME = "remote_auth";
+    public RemoteAuthService(Context context) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("RemoteAuthService is not supported in this build");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/Android.bp b/service-t/Android.bp
index bc49f0e..7e588cd 100644
--- a/service-t/Android.bp
+++ b/service-t/Android.bp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-service_remoteauth_pre_jarjar_lib = "service-remoteauth-pre-jarjar"
+service_remoteauth_pre_jarjar_lib = "service-remoteauth-pre-jarjar-udc-compat"
 
 // Include build rules from Sources.bp
 build = ["Sources.bp"]
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index 7def200..aa07cf4 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-service_remoteauth_pre_jarjar_lib = "service-remoteauth-pre-jarjar"
+service_remoteauth_pre_jarjar_lib = "service-remoteauth-pre-jarjar-udc-compat"
 
 // The above variables may have different values
 // depending on the branch, and this comment helps
diff --git a/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java b/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
index 1d8b4eb..d99eedc 100644
--- a/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
     }
 
     /** Add or remove |route|. */
-    private static void modifyRoute(final INetd netd, final ModifyOperation op, final int netId,
+    public static void modifyRoute(final INetd netd, final ModifyOperation op, final int netId,
             final RouteInfo route) {
         final String ifName = route.getInterface();
         final String dst = route.getDestination().toString();
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
index e55ba63..2d07224 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-next_app_data = [ ":CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext" ]
+next_app_data = []
 
 // The above line is put in place to prevent any future automerger merge conflict between aosp,
 // downstream branches. The CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext target will not exist in