diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
index 75c2ad1..68c1c57 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
@@ -352,15 +352,6 @@
         assertFalse(mTestMap.isEmpty());
         mTestMap.clear();
         assertTrue(mTestMap.isEmpty());
-
-        // Clearing an already-closed map throws.
-        mTestMap.close();
-        try {
-            mTestMap.clear();
-            fail("clearing already-closed map should throw");
-        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
-            // ParcelFileDescriptor.getFd throws IllegalStateException: Already closed.
-        }
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
index e9716b3..8ef0c76 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED;
 
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadController.StatsType.STATS_PER_IFACE;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadController.StatsType.STATS_PER_UID;
@@ -668,7 +669,7 @@
 
         if (isAtLeastT()) {
             mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyLimitReached();
-        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
+        } else if (isAtLeastS()) {
             mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyWarningOrLimitReached();
         } else {
             mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyLimitReached();
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 80666e6..773cae3 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -195,12 +195,14 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.TestNetworkAgent;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
@@ -223,6 +225,8 @@
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
 public class TetheringTest {
+    @Rule public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
     private static final int IFINDEX_OFFSET = 100;
 
     private static final String TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME = "test_rmnet_data0";
diff --git a/bpf_progs/block.c b/bpf_progs/block.c
index 601b932..f2a3e62 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/block.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/block.c
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T bpfloader v0.12+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 12u
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T beta 3 bpfloader
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_BETA3_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
index 87795f5..c5b8555 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 #define __kernel_udphdr udphdr
 #include <linux/udp.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T bpfloader v0.12+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 12u
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T beta 3 bpfloader
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_BETA3_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
diff --git a/bpf_progs/dscp_policy.c b/bpf_progs/dscp_policy.c
index 7211f2b..538a9e4 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/dscp_policy.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/dscp_policy.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 #include <netinet/udp.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T bpfloader v0.12+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 12u
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T beta 3 bpfloader
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_BETA3_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "dscp_policy.h"
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index d019257..ae92686 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T Beta 3 bpfloader v0.13+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 13u
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android T Beta 3 bpfloader
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_BETA3_VERSION
 
 #include <bpf_helpers.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
index 896bc09..2ec0792 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 #define __kernel_udphdr udphdr
 #include <linux/udp.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader v0.2
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 2u
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_S_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test.c b/bpf_progs/test.c
index c9c73f1..f2fcc8c 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/test.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/test.c
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #include <linux/in.h>
 #include <linux/ip.h>
 
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader v0.2
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 2u
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_S_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
index 886d194..b8070f0 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
@@ -22,13 +22,11 @@
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.annotation.RequiresFeature;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.SystemService;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -573,7 +571,6 @@
             NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
             android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS})
-    @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)
     public void enableInterface(
             @NonNull String iface,
             @Nullable @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
@@ -582,7 +579,7 @@
         final NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver proxy = makeNetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(
                 executor, callback);
         try {
-            mService.connectNetwork(iface, proxy);
+            mService.enableInterface(iface, proxy);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -610,7 +607,6 @@
             NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
             android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS})
-    @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)
     public void disableInterface(
             @NonNull String iface,
             @Nullable @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
@@ -619,7 +615,7 @@
         final NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver proxy = makeNetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(
                 executor, callback);
         try {
-            mService.disconnectNetwork(iface, proxy);
+            mService.disableInterface(iface, proxy);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl
index 42e4c1a..c1efc29 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@
     void releaseTetheredInterface(in ITetheredInterfaceCallback callback);
     void updateConfiguration(String iface, in EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest request,
         in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
-    void connectNetwork(String iface, in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
-    void disconnectNetwork(String iface, in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
+    void enableInterface(String iface, in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
+    void disableInterface(String iface, in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
     void setEthernetEnabled(boolean enabled);
     List<String> getInterfaceList();
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
index 9cb0947..9cceac2 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
@@ -817,10 +817,10 @@
          * </ol>
          *
          * @param underlyingNetwork the new {@link Network} that will carry traffic for this tunnel.
-         *     This network MUST never be the network exposing this IpSecTunnelInterface, otherwise
-         *     this method will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}. If the
-         *     IpSecTunnelInterface is later added to this network, all outbound traffic will be
-         *     blackholed.
+         *     This network MUST be a functional {@link Network} with valid {@link LinkProperties},
+         *     and MUST never be the network exposing this IpSecTunnelInterface, otherwise this
+         *     method will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}. If the IpSecTunnelInterface is
+         *     later added to this network, all outbound traffic will be blackholed.
          */
         // TODO: b/169171001 Update the documentation when transform migration is supported.
         // The purpose of making updating network and applying transforms separate is to leave open
@@ -962,7 +962,6 @@
      * IP header and IPsec Header on all inbound traffic).
      * <p>Applications should probably not use this API directly.
      *
-     *
      * @param tunnel The {@link IpSecManager#IpSecTunnelInterface} that will use the supplied
      *        transform.
      * @param direction the direction, {@link DIRECTION_OUT} or {@link #DIRECTION_IN} in which
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index 08e66d9..42d0de5 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY, SELECT_MAP_A,
                                                   BPF_ANY));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidPermissionMap.init(UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH));
+    ALOGI("%s successfully", __func__);
 
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@
     if (sock_cookie == NONEXISTENT_COOKIE) return -errno;
     base::Result<void> res = mCookieTagMap.deleteValue(sock_cookie);
     if (!res.ok()) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to untag socket: %s\n", strerror(res.error().code()));
+        ALOGE("Failed to untag socket: %s", strerror(res.error().code()));
         return -res.error().code();
     }
     return 0;
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
index 4d605ce..6c7a15e 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
@@ -205,6 +205,10 @@
               configuration.error().message().c_str());
         return -configuration.error().code();
     }
+    if (configuration.value() != SELECT_MAP_A && configuration.value() != SELECT_MAP_B) {
+        ALOGE("%s unknown configuration value: %d", __func__, configuration.value());
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
     const char* statsMapPath = STATS_MAP_PATH[configuration.value()];
     BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> statsMap(statsMapPath);
     if (!statsMap.isValid()) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
index 4bc40ea..16b9f1e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
@@ -1452,6 +1452,11 @@
         final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager =
                 mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
         final LinkProperties lp = connectivityManager.getLinkProperties(underlyingNetwork);
+        if (lp == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "LinkProperties is null. The underlyingNetwork may not be functional");
+        }
+
         if (tunnelInterfaceInfo.getInterfaceName().equals(lp.getInterfaceName())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                     "Underlying network cannot be the network being exposed by this tunnel");
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetConfigStore.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetConfigStore.java
index 6b623f4..6006539 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetConfigStore.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetConfigStore.java
@@ -16,23 +16,37 @@
 
 package com.android.server.ethernet;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME;
+
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.ApexEnvironment;
 import android.net.IpConfiguration;
 import android.os.Environment;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.AtomicFile;
+import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.server.net.IpConfigStore;
 
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
 
 /**
  * This class provides an API to store and manage Ethernet network configuration.
  */
 public class EthernetConfigStore {
-    private static final String ipConfigFile = Environment.getDataDirectory() +
-            "/misc/ethernet/ipconfig.txt";
+    private static final String TAG = EthernetConfigStore.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final String CONFIG_FILE = "ipconfig.txt";
+    private static final String FILE_PATH = "/misc/ethernet/";
+    private static final String LEGACY_IP_CONFIG_FILE_PATH = Environment.getDataDirectory()
+            + FILE_PATH;
+    private static final String APEX_IP_CONFIG_FILE_PATH = ApexEnvironment.getApexEnvironment(
+            TETHERING_MODULE_NAME).getDeviceProtectedDataDir() + FILE_PATH;
 
     private IpConfigStore mStore = new IpConfigStore();
-    private ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> mIpConfigurations;
+    private final ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> mIpConfigurations;
     private IpConfiguration mIpConfigurationForDefaultInterface;
     private final Object mSync = new Object();
 
@@ -40,22 +54,70 @@
         mIpConfigurations = new ArrayMap<>(0);
     }
 
-    public void read() {
-        synchronized (mSync) {
-            ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> configs =
-                    IpConfigStore.readIpConfigurations(ipConfigFile);
+    private static boolean doesConfigFileExist(final String filepath) {
+        return new File(filepath).exists();
+    }
 
-            // This configuration may exist in old file versions when there was only a single active
-            // Ethernet interface.
-            if (configs.containsKey("0")) {
-                mIpConfigurationForDefaultInterface = configs.remove("0");
+    private void writeLegacyIpConfigToApexPath(final String newFilePath, final String oldFilePath,
+            final String filename) {
+        final File directory = new File(newFilePath);
+        if (!directory.exists()) {
+            directory.mkdirs();
+        }
+
+        // Write the legacy IP config to the apex file path.
+        FileOutputStream fos = null;
+        final AtomicFile dst = new AtomicFile(new File(newFilePath + filename));
+        final AtomicFile src = new AtomicFile(new File(oldFilePath + filename));
+        try {
+            final byte[] raw = src.readFully();
+            if (raw.length > 0) {
+                fos = dst.startWrite();
+                fos.write(raw);
+                fos.flush();
+                dst.finishWrite(fos);
             }
-
-            mIpConfigurations = configs;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Fail to sync the legacy IP config to the apex file path.");
+            dst.failWrite(fos);
         }
     }
 
+    public void read() {
+        read(APEX_IP_CONFIG_FILE_PATH, LEGACY_IP_CONFIG_FILE_PATH, CONFIG_FILE);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void read(final String newFilePath, final String oldFilePath, final String filename) {
+        synchronized (mSync) {
+            // Attempt to read the IP configuration from apex file path first.
+            if (doesConfigFileExist(newFilePath + filename)) {
+                loadConfigFileLocked(newFilePath + filename);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // If the config file doesn't exist in the apex file path, attempt to read it from
+            // the legacy file path, if config file exists, write the legacy IP configuration to
+            // apex config file path, this should just happen on the first boot. New or updated
+            // config entries are only written to the apex config file later.
+            if (!doesConfigFileExist(oldFilePath + filename)) return;
+            loadConfigFileLocked(oldFilePath + filename);
+            writeLegacyIpConfigToApexPath(newFilePath, oldFilePath, filename);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void loadConfigFileLocked(final String filepath) {
+        final ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> configs =
+                IpConfigStore.readIpConfigurations(filepath);
+        mIpConfigurations.putAll(configs);
+    }
+
     public void write(String iface, IpConfiguration config) {
+        write(iface, config, APEX_IP_CONFIG_FILE_PATH + CONFIG_FILE);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void write(String iface, IpConfiguration config, String filepath) {
         boolean modified;
 
         synchronized (mSync) {
@@ -67,7 +129,7 @@
             }
 
             if (modified) {
-                mStore.writeIpConfigurations(ipConfigFile, mIpConfigurations);
+                mStore.writeIpConfigurations(filepath, mIpConfigurations);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -80,9 +142,6 @@
 
     @Nullable
     public IpConfiguration getIpConfigurationForDefaultInterface() {
-        synchronized (mSync) {
-            return mIpConfigurationForDefaultInterface == null
-                    ? null : new IpConfiguration(mIpConfigurationForDefaultInterface);
-        }
+        return null;
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
index e2cceda..79802fb 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
@@ -31,10 +31,9 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
-import android.net.NetworkFactory;
 import android.net.NetworkProvider;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
-import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
 import android.net.ip.IIpClient;
 import android.net.ip.IpClientCallbacks;
 import android.net.ip.IpClientManager;
@@ -61,22 +60,19 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
 /**
- * {@link NetworkFactory} that represents Ethernet networks.
- *
- * This class reports a static network score of 70 when it is tracking an interface and that
- * interface's link is up, and a score of 0 otherwise.
+ * {@link NetworkProvider} that manages NetworkOffers for Ethernet networks.
  */
-public class EthernetNetworkFactory extends NetworkFactory {
+public class EthernetNetworkFactory {
     private final static String TAG = EthernetNetworkFactory.class.getSimpleName();
     final static boolean DBG = true;
 
-    private final static int NETWORK_SCORE = 70;
     private static final String NETWORK_TYPE = "Ethernet";
 
     private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, NetworkInterfaceState> mTrackingInterfaces =
             new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
     private final Handler mHandler;
     private final Context mContext;
+    private final NetworkProvider mProvider;
     final Dependencies mDeps;
 
     public static class Dependencies {
@@ -111,54 +107,24 @@
     }
 
     public EthernetNetworkFactory(Handler handler, Context context) {
-        this(handler, context, new Dependencies());
+        this(handler, context, new NetworkProvider(context, handler.getLooper(), TAG),
+            new Dependencies());
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    EthernetNetworkFactory(Handler handler, Context context, Dependencies deps) {
-        super(handler.getLooper(), context, NETWORK_TYPE, createDefaultNetworkCapabilities());
-
+    EthernetNetworkFactory(Handler handler, Context context, NetworkProvider provider,
+            Dependencies deps) {
         mHandler = handler;
         mContext = context;
+        mProvider = provider;
         mDeps = deps;
-
-        setScoreFilter(NETWORK_SCORE);
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public boolean acceptRequest(NetworkRequest request) {
-        if (DBG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "acceptRequest, request: " + request);
-        }
-
-        return networkForRequest(request) != null;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void needNetworkFor(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
-        NetworkInterfaceState network = networkForRequest(networkRequest);
-
-        if (network == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "needNetworkFor, failed to get a network for " + networkRequest);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (++network.refCount == 1) {
-            network.start();
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void releaseNetworkFor(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
-        NetworkInterfaceState network = networkForRequest(networkRequest);
-        if (network == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "releaseNetworkFor, failed to get a network for " + networkRequest);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (--network.refCount == 0) {
-            network.stop();
-        }
+    /**
+     * Registers the network provider with the system.
+     */
+    public void register() {
+        mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class).registerNetworkProvider(mProvider);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -196,9 +162,8 @@
         }
 
         final NetworkInterfaceState iface = new NetworkInterfaceState(
-                ifaceName, hwAddress, mHandler, mContext, ipConfig, nc, getProvider(), mDeps);
+                ifaceName, hwAddress, mHandler, mContext, ipConfig, nc, mProvider, mDeps);
         mTrackingInterfaces.put(ifaceName, iface);
-        updateCapabilityFilter();
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -239,7 +204,6 @@
         final NetworkInterfaceState iface = mTrackingInterfaces.get(ifaceName);
         iface.updateInterface(ipConfig, capabilities, listener);
         mTrackingInterfaces.put(ifaceName, iface);
-        updateCapabilityFilter();
     }
 
     private static NetworkCapabilities mixInCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc,
@@ -250,16 +214,6 @@
        return builder.build();
     }
 
-    private void updateCapabilityFilter() {
-        NetworkCapabilities capabilitiesFilter = createDefaultNetworkCapabilities();
-        for (NetworkInterfaceState iface:  mTrackingInterfaces.values()) {
-            capabilitiesFilter = mixInCapabilities(capabilitiesFilter, iface.mCapabilities);
-        }
-
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "updateCapabilityFilter: " + capabilitiesFilter);
-        setCapabilityFilter(capabilitiesFilter);
-    }
-
     private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilities() {
         return NetworkCapabilities.Builder
                 .withoutDefaultCapabilities()
@@ -270,11 +224,8 @@
     protected void removeInterface(String interfaceName) {
         NetworkInterfaceState iface = mTrackingInterfaces.remove(interfaceName);
         if (iface != null) {
-            iface.maybeSendNetworkManagementCallbackForAbort();
-            iface.stop();
+            iface.destroy();
         }
-
-        updateCapabilityFilter();
     }
 
     /** Returns true if state has been modified */
@@ -306,37 +257,6 @@
         return mTrackingInterfaces.containsKey(ifaceName);
     }
 
-    private NetworkInterfaceState networkForRequest(NetworkRequest request) {
-        String requestedIface = null;
-
-        NetworkSpecifier specifier = request.getNetworkSpecifier();
-        if (specifier instanceof EthernetNetworkSpecifier) {
-            requestedIface = ((EthernetNetworkSpecifier) specifier)
-                .getInterfaceName();
-        }
-
-        NetworkInterfaceState network = null;
-        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(requestedIface)) {
-            NetworkInterfaceState n = mTrackingInterfaces.get(requestedIface);
-            if (n != null && request.canBeSatisfiedBy(n.mCapabilities)) {
-                network = n;
-            }
-        } else {
-            for (NetworkInterfaceState n : mTrackingInterfaces.values()) {
-                if (request.canBeSatisfiedBy(n.mCapabilities) && n.mLinkUp) {
-                    network = n;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (DBG) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "networkForRequest, request: " + request + ", network: " + network);
-        }
-
-        return network;
-    }
-
     private static void maybeSendNetworkManagementCallback(
             @Nullable final INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener,
             @Nullable final String iface,
@@ -401,8 +321,6 @@
                     ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE);
         }
 
-        long refCount = 0;
-
         private class EthernetIpClientCallback extends IpClientCallbacks {
             private final ConditionVariable mIpClientStartCv = new ConditionVariable(false);
             private final ConditionVariable mIpClientShutdownCv = new ConditionVariable(false);
@@ -476,6 +394,9 @@
         private class EthernetNetworkOfferCallback implements NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback {
             @Override
             public void onNetworkNeeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+                if (DBG) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, String.format("%s: onNetworkNeeded for request: %s", name, request));
+                }
                 // When the network offer is first registered, onNetworkNeeded is called with all
                 // existing requests.
                 // ConnectivityService filters requests for us based on the NetworkCapabilities
@@ -487,6 +408,10 @@
 
             @Override
             public void onNetworkUnneeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+                if (DBG) {
+                    Log.d(TAG,
+                            String.format("%s: onNetworkUnneeded for request: %s", name, request));
+                }
                 mRequests.remove(request);
                 if (mRequests.isEmpty()) {
                     // not currently serving any requests, stop the network.
@@ -529,9 +454,21 @@
                     + "transport type.");
         }
 
+        private static NetworkScore getBestNetworkScore() {
+            return new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+        }
+
         private void setCapabilities(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities capabilities) {
             mCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(capabilities);
             mLegacyType = getLegacyType(mCapabilities);
+
+            if (mLinkUp) {
+                // registering a new network offer will update the existing one, not install a
+                // new one.
+                mNetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(getBestNetworkScore(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(capabilities), cmd -> mHandler.post(cmd),
+                        mNetworkOfferCallback);
+            }
         }
 
         void updateInterface(@Nullable final IpConfiguration ipConfig,
@@ -693,20 +630,21 @@
             mLinkUp = up;
 
             if (!up) { // was up, goes down
-                // Send an abort on a provisioning request callback if necessary before stopping.
-                maybeSendNetworkManagementCallbackForAbort();
-                stop();
+                // retract network offer and stop IpClient.
+                destroy();
                 // If only setting the interface down, send a callback to signal completion.
                 EthernetNetworkFactory.maybeSendNetworkManagementCallback(listener, name, null);
             } else { // was down, goes up
-                stop();
-                start(listener);
+                // register network offer
+                mNetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(getBestNetworkScore(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(mCapabilities), (cmd) -> mHandler.post(cmd),
+                        mNetworkOfferCallback);
             }
 
             return true;
         }
 
-        void stop() {
+        private void stop() {
             // Invalidate all previous start requests
             if (mIpClient != null) {
                 mIpClient.shutdown();
@@ -722,6 +660,13 @@
             mLinkProperties.clear();
         }
 
+        public void destroy() {
+            mNetworkProvider.unregisterNetworkOffer(mNetworkOfferCallback);
+            maybeSendNetworkManagementCallbackForAbort();
+            stop();
+            mRequests.clear();
+        }
+
         private static void provisionIpClient(@NonNull final IpClientManager ipClient,
                 @NonNull final IpConfiguration config, @NonNull final String tcpBufferSizes) {
             if (config.getProxySettings() == ProxySettings.STATIC ||
@@ -761,7 +706,6 @@
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return getClass().getSimpleName() + "{ "
-                    + "refCount: " + refCount + ", "
                     + "iface: " + name + ", "
                     + "up: " + mLinkUp + ", "
                     + "hwAddress: " + mHwAddress + ", "
@@ -774,7 +718,6 @@
     }
 
     void dump(FileDescriptor fd, IndentingPrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
-        super.dump(fd, pw, args);
         pw.println(getClass().getSimpleName());
         pw.println("Tracking interfaces:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
index 5e830ad..71d3e4f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest;
 import android.net.IEthernetManager;
 import android.net.IEthernetServiceListener;
 import android.net.INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver;
 import android.net.ITetheredInterfaceCallback;
-import android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest;
 import android.net.IpConfiguration;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.os.Binder;
@@ -260,27 +260,27 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void connectNetwork(@NonNull final String iface,
+    public void enableInterface(@NonNull final String iface,
             @Nullable final INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener) {
-        Log.i(TAG, "connectNetwork called with: iface=" + iface + ", listener=" + listener);
+        Log.i(TAG, "enableInterface called with: iface=" + iface + ", listener=" + listener);
         Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
         throwIfEthernetNotStarted();
 
-        enforceAdminPermission(iface, true, "connectNetwork()");
+        enforceAdminPermission(iface, false, "enableInterface()");
 
-        mTracker.connectNetwork(iface, listener);
+        mTracker.enableInterface(iface, listener);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void disconnectNetwork(@NonNull final String iface,
+    public void disableInterface(@NonNull final String iface,
             @Nullable final INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener) {
-        Log.i(TAG, "disconnectNetwork called with: iface=" + iface + ", listener=" + listener);
+        Log.i(TAG, "disableInterface called with: iface=" + iface + ", listener=" + listener);
         Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
         throwIfEthernetNotStarted();
 
-        enforceAdminPermission(iface, true, "connectNetwork()");
+        enforceAdminPermission(iface, false, "disableInterface()");
 
-        mTracker.disconnectNetwork(iface, listener);
+        mTracker.disableInterface(iface, listener);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
index e5f1ea5..c8a0412 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
@@ -285,13 +285,13 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
-    protected void connectNetwork(@NonNull final String iface,
+    protected void enableInterface(@NonNull final String iface,
             @Nullable final INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener) {
         mHandler.post(() -> updateInterfaceState(iface, true, listener));
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
-    protected void disconnectNetwork(@NonNull final String iface,
+    protected void disableInterface(@NonNull final String iface,
             @Nullable final INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener) {
         mHandler.post(() -> updateInterfaceState(iface, false, listener));
     }
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
index 7b1f59c..bc70c93 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
@@ -39,152 +39,126 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-static void native_init(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) {
+#define CHECK_LOG(status) \
+  do { \
+    if (!isOk(status)) \
+      ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code()); \
+  } while (0)
+
+static void native_init(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
   Status status = mTc.start();
-   if (!isOk(status)) {
-    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-  }
+  CHECK_LOG(status);
 }
 
-static jint native_addNaughtyApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+static jint native_addNaughtyApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint uid) {
   const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
   Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
       TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpInsert);
-  if (!isOk(status)) {
-    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-  }
+  CHECK_LOG(status);
   return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
-static jint native_removeNaughtyApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+static jint native_removeNaughtyApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint uid) {
   const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
   Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
       TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpDelete);
-  if (!isOk(status)) {
-    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-  }
+  CHECK_LOG(status);
   return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
-static jint native_addNiceApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+static jint native_addNiceApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint uid) {
   const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
   Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
       TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpInsert);
-  if (!isOk(status)) {
-    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-  }
+  CHECK_LOG(status);
   return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
-static jint native_removeNiceApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+static jint native_removeNiceApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint uid) {
   const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
   Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
       TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpDelete);
-  if (!isOk(status)) {
-    ALOGD("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-  }
+  CHECK_LOG(status);
   return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
-static jint native_setChildChain(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint childChain, jboolean enable) {
+static jint native_setChildChain(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint childChain, jboolean enable) {
   auto chain = static_cast<ChildChain>(childChain);
   int res = mTc.toggleUidOwnerMap(chain, enable);
-  if (res) {
-    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
-  }
+  if (res) ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
   return (jint)res;
 }
 
-static jint native_replaceUidChain(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring name, jboolean isAllowlist,
-                                jintArray jUids) {
+static jint native_replaceUidChain(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jstring name, jboolean isAllowlist,
+                                   jintArray jUids) {
     const ScopedUtfChars chainNameUtf8(env, name);
-    if (chainNameUtf8.c_str() == nullptr) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
+    if (chainNameUtf8.c_str() == nullptr) return -EINVAL;
     const std::string chainName(chainNameUtf8.c_str());
 
     ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
-    if (uids.get() == nullptr) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
+    if (uids.get() == nullptr) return -EINVAL;
 
     size_t size = uids.size();
     static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
     std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
     int res = mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap(chainName, isAllowlist, data);
-    if (res) {
-      ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
-    }
+    if (res) ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
     return (jint)res;
 }
 
-static jint native_setUidRule(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint childChain, jint uid,
-                          jint firewallRule) {
+static jint native_setUidRule(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint childChain, jint uid,
+                              jint firewallRule) {
     auto chain = static_cast<ChildChain>(childChain);
     auto rule = static_cast<FirewallRule>(firewallRule);
     FirewallType fType = mTc.getFirewallType(chain);
 
     int res = mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, rule, fType);
-    if (res) {
-      ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
-    }
+    if (res) ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
     return (jint)res;
 }
 
-static jint native_addUidInterfaceRules(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring ifName,
-                                    jintArray jUids) {
+static jint native_addUidInterfaceRules(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jstring ifName,
+                                        jintArray jUids) {
     // Null ifName is a wildcard to allow apps to receive packets on all interfaces and ifIndex is
     // set to 0.
-    int ifIndex;
+    int ifIndex = 0;
     if (ifName != nullptr) {
         const ScopedUtfChars ifNameUtf8(env, ifName);
         const std::string interfaceName(ifNameUtf8.c_str());
         ifIndex = if_nametoindex(interfaceName.c_str());
-    } else {
-        ifIndex = 0;
     }
 
     ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
-    if (uids.get() == nullptr) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
+    if (uids.get() == nullptr) return -EINVAL;
 
     size_t size = uids.size();
     static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
     std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
     Status status = mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(ifIndex, data);
-    if (!isOk(status)) {
-        ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-    }
+    CHECK_LOG(status);
     return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
-static jint native_removeUidInterfaceRules(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jintArray jUids) {
+static jint native_removeUidInterfaceRules(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jintArray jUids) {
     ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
-    if (uids.get() == nullptr) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
+    if (uids.get() == nullptr) return -EINVAL;
 
     size_t size = uids.size();
     static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
     std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
     Status status = mTc.removeUidInterfaceRules(data);
-    if (!isOk(status)) {
-        ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-    }
+    CHECK_LOG(status);
     return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
-static jint native_swapActiveStatsMap(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) {
+static jint native_swapActiveStatsMap(JNIEnv* env, jobject self) {
     Status status = mTc.swapActiveStatsMap();
-    if (!isOk(status)) {
-        ALOGD("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
-    }
+    CHECK_LOG(status);
     return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
-static void native_setPermissionForUids(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint permission,
-                                      jintArray jUids) {
+static void native_setPermissionForUids(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint permission,
+                                        jintArray jUids) {
     ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
     if (uids.get() == nullptr) return;
 
@@ -194,7 +168,7 @@
     mTc.setPermissionForUids(permission, data);
 }
 
-static void native_dump(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd, jboolean verbose) {
+static void native_dump(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jobject javaFd, jboolean verbose) {
     int fd = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
     if (fd < 0) {
         jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid file descriptor");
@@ -239,9 +213,8 @@
 // clang-format on
 
 int register_com_android_server_BpfNetMaps(JNIEnv* env) {
-    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env,
-    "com/android/server/BpfNetMaps",
-    gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/BpfNetMaps",
+                                    gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
 }
 
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
index 5581c40..a9ede6a 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.init(UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.clear());
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidPermissionMap.init(UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH));
+    ALOGI("%s successfully", __func__);
 
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
index ad53cb8..3f13532 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@
                 if (res.ok() || (res.error().code() == ENOENT)) {
                     return Result<void>();
                 }
-                ALOGE("Failed to delete data(cookie = %" PRIu64 "): %s\n", key,
+                ALOGE("Failed to delete data(cookie = %" PRIu64 "): %s", key,
                       strerror(res.error().code()));
             }
             // Move forward to next cookie in the map.
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 691cb4d..f760d3b 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -3428,6 +3428,10 @@
         for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : networksSortedById()) {
             pw.println(nai.toString());
             pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.println("Nat464Xlat:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            nai.dumpNat464Xlat(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
             pw.println(String.format(
                     "Requests: REQUEST:%d LISTEN:%d BACKGROUND_REQUEST:%d total:%d",
                     nai.numForegroundNetworkRequests(),
@@ -3443,10 +3447,6 @@
             pw.increaseIndent();
             nai.dumpInactivityTimers(pw);
             pw.decreaseIndent();
-            pw.println("Nat464Xlat:");
-            pw.increaseIndent();
-            nai.dumpNat464Xlat(pw);
-            pw.decreaseIndent();
             pw.decreaseIndent();
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
index e8fc06d..738caab 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
                 mClatCoordinator.dump(pw);
                 pw.decreaseIndent();
             } else {
-                pw.println("<not start>");
+                pw.println("<not started>");
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 466e7b1..b40b6e0 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@
         if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) return true;
 
         // Factories that make ethernet networks can allow UIDs for automotive devices.
-        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET) && hasAutomotiveFeature) {
+        if (nc.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET) && hasAutomotiveFeature) {
             return true;
         }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index 524bd65..93e9dcd 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -217,7 +217,10 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "Expecting count " + expectedCount + " but actual is " + count + " after "
                     + attempts + " attempts; sleeping "
                     + SLEEP_TIME_SEC + " seconds before trying again");
-            SystemClock.sleep(SLEEP_TIME_SEC * SECOND_IN_MS);
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (attempts <= maxAttempts) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(SLEEP_TIME_SEC * SECOND_IN_MS);
+            }
         } while (attempts <= maxAttempts);
         assertEquals("Number of expected broadcasts for " + receiverName + " not reached after "
                 + maxAttempts * SLEEP_TIME_SEC + " seconds", expectedCount, count);
@@ -328,7 +331,10 @@
             }
             Log.d(TAG, "App not on background state (" + state + ") on attempt #" + i
                     + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (i < maxTries) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            }
         }
         fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on background state after "
                 + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
@@ -347,7 +353,10 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground state on attempt #" + i
                     + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
             turnScreenOn();
-            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (i < maxTries) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            }
         }
         fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground state after "
                 + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
@@ -365,7 +374,10 @@
             }
             Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground service state on attempt #" + i
                     + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
-            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (i < maxTries) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            }
         }
         fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground service state after "
                 + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
@@ -506,7 +518,10 @@
             Log.v(TAG, "Command '" + command + "' returned '" + result + " instead of '"
                     + checker.getExpected() + "' on attempt #" + i
                     + "; sleeping " + napTimeSeconds + "s before trying again");
-            SystemClock.sleep(napTimeSeconds * SECOND_IN_MS);
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (i < maxTries) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(napTimeSeconds * SECOND_IN_MS);
+            }
         }
         fail("Command '" + command + "' did not return '" + checker.getExpected() + "' after "
                 + maxTries
@@ -578,7 +593,10 @@
             }
             Log.v(TAG, list + " check for uid " + uid + " doesn't match yet (expected "
                     + expected + ", got " + actual + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
-            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (i < maxTries) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            }
         }
         fail(list + " check for uid " + uid + " failed: expected " + expected + ", got " + actual
                 + ". Full list: " + uids);
@@ -738,7 +756,8 @@
 
     protected void assertAppIdle(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
         try {
-            assertDelayedShellCommand("am get-inactive " + TEST_APP2_PKG, 15, 2, "Idle=" + enabled);
+            assertDelayedShellCommand("am get-inactive " + TEST_APP2_PKG,
+                    30 /* maxTries */, 1 /* napTimeSeconds */, "Idle=" + enabled);
         } catch (Throwable e) {
             throw e;
         }
@@ -765,7 +784,10 @@
                 return;
             }
             Log.v(TAG, "app2 receiver is not ready yet; sleeping 1s before polling again");
-            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (i < maxTries) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+            }
         }
         fail("app2 receiver is not ready in " + mUid);
     }
@@ -814,8 +836,6 @@
             return;
         } else if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY) {
             turnScreenOn();
-            // Wait for screen-on state to propagate through the system.
-            SystemClock.sleep(2000);
             final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
             final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(type);
             final Bundle extras = new Bundle();
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
index 51acfdf..82f13ae 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.view.WindowManager;
 
 import androidx.annotation.GuardedBy;
 
@@ -46,6 +47,8 @@
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         Log.d(TAG, "MyActivity.onCreate()");
+
+        getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
index e979a3b..4d85d72 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
     ],
     jni_uses_sdk_apis: true,
     min_sdk_version: "29",
-    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "33",
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
         "mts-dnsresolver",
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
index 5b37294..9b81a56 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
@@ -51,5 +51,8 @@
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
     ],
-
+    data: [
+        ":CtsNetTestAppForApi23",
+    ],
+    per_testcase_directory: true,
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 8f6786f..3b88189 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -3235,14 +3235,16 @@
             // TODD: Have a significant signal to know the uids has been sent to netd.
             assertBindSocketToNetworkSuccess(network);
 
-            // Uid is in allowed list. Try file network request again.
-            requestNetwork(restrictedRequest, restrictedNetworkCb);
-            // Verify that the network is restricted.
-            restrictedNetworkCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
-                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
-                    entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
-                            && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
-                            .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+            if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
+                // Uid is in allowed list. Try file network request again.
+                requestNetwork(restrictedRequest, restrictedNetworkCb);
+                // Verify that the network is restricted.
+                restrictedNetworkCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                        NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                        entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
+                                && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
+                                .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+            }
         } finally {
             agent.unregister();
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index b12c4db..0a02593 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -19,9 +19,16 @@
 import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
 import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
 import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier
 import android.net.InetAddresses
 import android.net.IpConfiguration
 import android.net.MacAddress
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface
 import android.net.TestNetworkManager
 import android.net.cts.EthernetManagerTest.EthernetStateListener.CallbackEntry.InterfaceStateChanged
@@ -41,10 +48,14 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.STATE_ABSENT
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.STATE_LINK_DOWN
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.STATE_LINK_UP
+import com.android.testutils.anyNetwork
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.RouterAdvertisementResponder
 import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
 import org.junit.After
@@ -53,10 +64,9 @@
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import java.net.Inet6Address
-import java.net.NetworkInterface
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import kotlin.test.fail
@@ -65,6 +75,11 @@
 private const val NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
 private val DEFAULT_IP_CONFIGURATION = IpConfiguration(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.DHCP,
     IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.NONE, null, null)
+private val ETH_REQUEST: NetworkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+    .build()
 
 @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps can't access EthernetManager")
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
@@ -75,9 +90,12 @@
 
     private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
     private val em by lazy { EthernetManagerShimImpl.newInstance(context) }
+    private val cm by lazy { context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) }
 
+    private val ifaceListener = EthernetStateListener()
     private val createdIfaces = ArrayList<EthernetTestInterface>()
     private val addedListeners = ArrayList<EthernetStateListener>()
+    private val networkRequests = ArrayList<TestableNetworkCallback>()
 
     private class EthernetTestInterface(
         context: Context,
@@ -93,7 +111,7 @@
                 val tnm = context.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
                 tnm.createTapInterface(false /* bringUp */)
             }
-            val mtu = NetworkInterface.getByName(tapInterface.interfaceName).getMTU()
+            val mtu = 1500
             packetReader = TapPacketReader(handler, tapInterface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, mtu)
             raResponder = RouterAdvertisementResponder(packetReader)
             raResponder.addRouterEntry(MacAddress.fromString("01:23:45:67:89:ab"),
@@ -154,6 +172,12 @@
             return events.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) ?: fail("Did not receive callback after ${TIMEOUT_MS}ms")
         }
 
+        fun eventuallyExpect(expected: CallbackEntry) = events.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) { it == expected }
+
+        fun eventuallyExpect(iface: EthernetTestInterface, state: Int, role: Int) {
+            assertNotNull(eventuallyExpect(createChangeEvent(iface, state, role)))
+        }
+
         fun assertNoCallback() {
             val cb = events.poll(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
             assertNull(cb, "Expected no callback but got $cb")
@@ -163,6 +187,7 @@
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+        addInterfaceStateListener(ifaceListener)
     }
 
     @After
@@ -170,24 +195,32 @@
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(false)
         for (iface in createdIfaces) {
             iface.destroy()
+            ifaceListener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
         }
         for (listener in addedListeners) {
             em.removeInterfaceStateListener(listener)
         }
+        networkRequests.forEach { cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(it) }
     }
 
-    private fun addInterfaceStateListener(executor: Executor, listener: EthernetStateListener) {
+    private fun addInterfaceStateListener(listener: EthernetStateListener) {
         runAsShell(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS) {
-            em.addInterfaceStateListener(executor, listener)
+            em.addInterfaceStateListener(HandlerExecutor(Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())), listener)
         }
         addedListeners.add(listener)
     }
 
     private fun createInterface(): EthernetTestInterface {
-        return EthernetTestInterface(
+        val iface = EthernetTestInterface(
             context,
             Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
         ).also { createdIfaces.add(it) }
+        with(ifaceListener) {
+            // when an interface comes up, we should always see a down cb before an up cb.
+            eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+            expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        }
+        return iface
     }
 
     private fun setIncludeTestInterfaces(value: Boolean) {
@@ -199,16 +232,43 @@
     private fun removeInterface(iface: EthernetTestInterface) {
         iface.destroy()
         createdIfaces.remove(iface)
+        ifaceListener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
     }
 
+    private fun requestNetwork(request: NetworkRequest): TestableNetworkCallback {
+        return TestableNetworkCallback().also {
+            cm.requestNetwork(request, it)
+            networkRequests.add(it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun releaseNetwork(cb: TestableNetworkCallback) {
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        networkRequests.remove(cb)
+    }
+
+    private fun NetworkRequest.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(ifaceName: String) =
+        NetworkRequest.Builder(NetworkRequest(ETH_REQUEST))
+            .setNetworkSpecifier(EthernetNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName)).build()
+
+    // It can take multiple seconds for the network to become available.
+    private fun TestableNetworkCallback.expectAvailable() =
+        expectCallback<Available>(anyNetwork(), 5000/*ms timeout*/).network
+
+    // b/233534110: eventuallyExpect<Lost>() does not advance ReadHead, use
+    // eventuallyExpect(Lost::class) instead.
+    private fun TestableNetworkCallback.eventuallyExpectLost(n: Network? = null) =
+        eventuallyExpect(Lost::class, TIMEOUT_MS) { n?.equals(it.network) ?: true }
+
+    private fun TestableNetworkCallback.assertNotLost(n: Network? = null) =
+        assertNoCallbackThat() { it is Lost && (n?.equals(it.network) ?: true) }
+
     @Test
     fun testCallbacks() {
-        val executor = HandlerExecutor(Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()))
-
         // If an interface exists when the callback is registered, it is reported on registration.
         val iface = createInterface()
         val listener1 = EthernetStateListener()
-        addInterfaceStateListener(executor, listener1)
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener1)
         validateListenerOnRegistration(listener1)
 
         // If an interface appears, existing callbacks see it.
@@ -221,18 +281,18 @@
 
         // Register a new listener, it should see state of all existing interfaces immediately.
         val listener2 = EthernetStateListener()
-        addInterfaceStateListener(executor, listener2)
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener2)
         validateListenerOnRegistration(listener2)
 
         // Removing interfaces first sends link down, then STATE_ABSENT/ROLE_NONE.
         removeInterface(iface)
-        for (listener in addedListeners) {
+        for (listener in listOf(listener1, listener2)) {
             listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
             listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
         }
 
         removeInterface(iface2)
-        for (listener in addedListeners) {
+        for (listener in listOf(listener1, listener2)) {
             listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
             listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
             listener.assertNoCallback()
@@ -282,4 +342,105 @@
 
         removeInterface(iface2)
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkRequest_withSingleExistingInterface() {
+        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+        createInterface()
+
+        // install a listener which will later be used to verify the Lost callback
+        val listenerCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(ETH_REQUEST, listenerCb)
+        networkRequests.add(listenerCb)
+
+        val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
+        val network = cb.expectAvailable()
+
+        cb.assertNotLost()
+        releaseNetwork(cb)
+        listenerCb.eventuallyExpectLost(network)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkRequest_beforeSingleInterfaceIsUp() {
+        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+
+        val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
+
+        // bring up interface after network has been requested
+        val iface = createInterface()
+        val network = cb.expectAvailable()
+
+        // remove interface before network request has been removed
+        cb.assertNotLost()
+        removeInterface(iface)
+        cb.eventuallyExpectLost()
+
+        releaseNetwork(cb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkRequest_withMultipleInterfaces() {
+        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+
+        val iface1 = createInterface()
+        val iface2 = createInterface()
+
+        val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface2.interfaceName))
+
+        val network = cb.expectAvailable()
+        cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(network) {
+            it.networkSpecifier == EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface2.interfaceName)
+        }
+
+        removeInterface(iface1)
+        cb.assertNotLost()
+        removeInterface(iface2)
+        cb.eventuallyExpectLost()
+
+        releaseNetwork(cb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkRequest_withInterfaceBeingReplaced() {
+        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+        val iface1 = createInterface()
+
+        val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
+        val network = cb.expectAvailable()
+
+        // create another network and verify the request sticks to the current network
+        val iface2 = createInterface()
+        cb.assertNotLost()
+
+        // remove iface1 and verify the request brings up iface2
+        removeInterface(iface1)
+        cb.eventuallyExpectLost(network)
+        val network2 = cb.expectAvailable()
+
+        releaseNetwork(cb)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkRequest_withMultipleInterfacesAndRequests() {
+        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+        val iface1 = createInterface()
+        val iface2 = createInterface()
+
+        val cb1 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface1.interfaceName))
+        val cb2 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface2.interfaceName))
+        val cb3 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
+
+        cb1.expectAvailable()
+        cb2.expectAvailable()
+        cb3.expectAvailable()
+
+        cb1.assertNotLost()
+        cb2.assertNotLost()
+        cb3.assertNotLost()
+
+        releaseNetwork(cb1)
+        releaseNetwork(cb2)
+        releaseNetwork(cb3)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index 088d202..33a0a83 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -52,9 +52,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.net.module.util.TrackRecord
-import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NsdShimImpl
-import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
@@ -249,9 +247,11 @@
     fun setUp() {
         handlerThread.start()
 
-        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
-            testNetwork1 = createTestNetwork()
-            testNetwork2 = createTestNetwork()
+        if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
+            runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+                testNetwork1 = createTestNetwork()
+                testNetwork2 = createTestNetwork()
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -290,9 +290,11 @@
 
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
-        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
-            testNetwork1.close(cm)
-            testNetwork2.close(cm)
+        if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
+            runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+                testNetwork1.close(cm)
+                testNetwork2.close(cm)
+            }
         }
         handlerThread.quitSafely()
     }
@@ -419,7 +421,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testNsdManager_DiscoverOnNetwork() {
         // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (discovering on specific network)
-        assumeTrue(ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2)
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
 
         val si = NsdServiceInfo()
         si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
@@ -453,7 +455,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testNsdManager_DiscoverWithNetworkRequest() {
         // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (discovering on network request)
-        assumeTrue(ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2)
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
 
         val si = NsdServiceInfo()
         si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
@@ -518,7 +520,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testNsdManager_ResolveOnNetwork() {
         // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (NsdServiceInfo.network)
-        assumeTrue(ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2)
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
 
         val si = NsdServiceInfo()
         si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
@@ -562,7 +564,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testNsdManager_RegisterOnNetwork() {
         // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (NsdServiceInfo.network)
-        assumeTrue(ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2)
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
 
         val si = NsdServiceInfo()
         si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
index 7efc2b1..db39e6f 100644
--- a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -107,14 +107,10 @@
     NETD "map_netd_uid_counterset_map",
     NETD "map_netd_uid_owner_map",
     NETD "map_netd_uid_permission_map",
-    SHARED "prog_block_bind4_block_port",
-    SHARED "prog_block_bind6_block_port",
     SHARED "prog_clatd_schedcls_egress4_clat_ether",
     SHARED "prog_clatd_schedcls_egress4_clat_rawip",
     SHARED "prog_clatd_schedcls_ingress6_clat_ether",
     SHARED "prog_clatd_schedcls_ingress6_clat_rawip",
-    SHARED "prog_dscp_policy_schedcls_set_dscp_ether",
-    SHARED "prog_dscp_policy_schedcls_set_dscp_raw_ip",
     NETD "prog_netd_cgroupskb_egress_stats",
     NETD "prog_netd_cgroupskb_ingress_stats",
     NETD "prog_netd_cgroupsock_inet_create",
@@ -125,6 +121,13 @@
     NETD "prog_netd_skfilter_ingress_xtbpf",
 };
 
+static const set<string> INTRODUCED_T_5_4 = {
+    SHARED "prog_block_bind4_block_port",
+    SHARED "prog_block_bind6_block_port",
+    SHARED "prog_dscp_policy_schedcls_set_dscp_ether",
+    SHARED "prog_dscp_policy_schedcls_set_dscp_raw_ip",
+};
+
 static const set<string> REMOVED_T = {
 };
 
@@ -164,6 +167,7 @@
 
     if (IsAtLeastT()) {
         addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_T);
+        if (android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_T_5_4);
         removeAll(expected, REMOVED_T);
 
         addAll(unexpected, REMOVED_T);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 6294bff..ef97168 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -9505,7 +9505,7 @@
         b2.expectBroadcast();
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testLockdownSetFirewallUidRule() throws Exception {
         // For ConnectivityService#setAlwaysOnVpnPackage.
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
@@ -10428,7 +10428,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testLegacyVpnSetInterfaceFilteringRuleWithWildcard() throws Exception {
+    public void testLegacyVpnInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
         LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
         lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
@@ -10438,29 +10438,34 @@
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
 
-        // A connected Legacy VPN should have interface rules with null interface.
-        // Null Interface is a wildcard and this accepts traffic from all the interfaces.
-        // There are two expected invocations, one during the VPN initial connection,
-        // one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
-        ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(
-                eq(null) /* iface */, uidCaptor.capture());
-        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-        assertEquals(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */),
-                vpnRange);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            // On T and above, A connected Legacy VPN should have interface rules with null
+            // interface. Null Interface is a wildcard and this accepts traffic from all the
+            // interfaces. There are two expected invocations, one during the VPN initial
+            // connection, one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
+            ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
+            verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(
+                    eq(null) /* iface */, uidCaptor.capture());
+            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            assertEquals(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */),
+                    vpnRange);
 
-        mMockVpn.disconnect();
-        waitForIdle();
+            mMockVpn.disconnect();
+            waitForIdle();
 
-        // Disconnected VPN should have interface rules removed
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
-        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-        assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */));
+            // Disconnected VPN should have interface rules removed
+            verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
+            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */));
+        } else {
+            // Before T, Legacy VPN should not have interface rules.
+            verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).addUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testLocalIpv4OnlyVpnSetInterfaceFilteringRuleWithWildcard() throws Exception {
+    public void testLocalIpv4OnlyVpnInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
         LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
         lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "tun0"));
@@ -10470,26 +10475,31 @@
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
 
-        // IPv6 unreachable route should not be misinterpreted as a default route
-        // A connected VPN should have interface rules with null interface.
-        // Null Interface is a wildcard and this accepts traffic from all the interfaces.
-        // There are two expected invocations, one during the VPN initial connection,
-        // one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
-        ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(
-                eq(null) /* iface */, uidCaptor.capture());
-        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-        assertEquals(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */),
-                vpnRange);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            // IPv6 unreachable route should not be misinterpreted as a default route
+            // On T and above, A connected VPN that does not provide a default route should have
+            // interface rules with null interface. Null Interface is a wildcard and this accepts
+            // traffic from all the interfaces. There are two expected invocations, one during the
+            // VPN initial connection, one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
+            ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
+            verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(
+                    eq(null) /* iface */, uidCaptor.capture());
+            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            assertEquals(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */),
+                    vpnRange);
 
-        mMockVpn.disconnect();
-        waitForIdle();
+            mMockVpn.disconnect();
+            waitForIdle();
 
-        // Disconnected VPN should have interface rules removed
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
-        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-        assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */));
+            // Disconnected VPN should have interface rules removed
+            verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
+            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */));
+        } else {
+            // Before T, VPN with IPv6 unreachable route should not have interface rules.
+            verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).addUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -15536,7 +15546,7 @@
 
         mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET,
                 new LinkProperties(), agentNetCaps.build());
-        validateAllowedUids(mEthernetNetworkAgent, TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, agentNetCaps);
+        validateAllowedUids(mEthernetNetworkAgent, TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, agentNetCaps, true);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -15560,12 +15570,12 @@
 
         mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
                 new LinkProperties(), agentNetCaps.build());
-        validateAllowedUids(mCellNetworkAgent, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, agentNetCaps);
+        validateAllowedUids(mCellNetworkAgent, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, agentNetCaps, false);
     }
 
     private void validateAllowedUids(final TestNetworkAgentWrapper testAgent,
             @NetworkCapabilities.Transport final int transportUnderTest,
-            final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncb) throws Exception {
+            final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncb, final boolean forAutomotive) throws Exception {
         final ArraySet<Integer> serviceUidSet = new ArraySet<>();
         serviceUidSet.add(TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
         final ArraySet<Integer> nonServiceUidSet = new ArraySet<>();
@@ -15595,7 +15605,7 @@
         }
 
         /* Test setting UIDs is rejected when expected */
-        if (TRANSPORT_ETHERNET == transportUnderTest) {
+        if (forAutomotive) {
             mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, false);
         }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
index 45f3d3c..061dc87 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
@@ -783,6 +783,23 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkForTunnelInterfaceFailsForNullLp() throws Exception {
+        final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        final Network newFakeNetwork = new Network(1000);
+        final int tunnelIfaceResourceId = createTunnelResp.resourceId;
+
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
+                    tunnelIfaceResourceId, newFakeNetwork, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+            fail(
+                    "Expected an IllegalArgumentException for underlying network with null"
+                            + " LinkProperties");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testSetNetworkForTunnelInterfaceFailsForInvalidResourceId() throws Exception {
         final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
                 createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetConfigStoreTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetConfigStoreTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9f80ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetConfigStoreTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.ethernet;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.StaticIpConfiguration;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class EthernetConfigStoreTest {
+    private static final LinkAddress LINKADDR = new LinkAddress("192.168.1.100/25");
+    private static final InetAddress GATEWAY = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.168.1.1");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS1 = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS2 = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.4.4");
+    private static final StaticIpConfiguration STATIC_IP_CONFIG =
+            new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder()
+                    .setIpAddress(LINKADDR)
+                    .setGateway(GATEWAY)
+                    .setDnsServers(new ArrayList<InetAddress>(
+                            List.of(DNS1, DNS2)))
+                    .build();
+    private static final ProxyInfo PROXY_INFO = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+    private static final IpConfiguration APEX_IP_CONFIG =
+            new IpConfiguration(IpAssignment.DHCP, ProxySettings.NONE, null, null);
+    private static final IpConfiguration LEGACY_IP_CONFIG =
+            new IpConfiguration(IpAssignment.STATIC, ProxySettings.STATIC, STATIC_IP_CONFIG,
+                    PROXY_INFO);
+
+    private EthernetConfigStore mEthernetConfigStore;
+    private File mApexTestDir;
+    private File mLegacyTestDir;
+    private File mApexConfigFile;
+    private File mLegacyConfigFile;
+
+    private void createTestDir() {
+        final Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        final File baseDir = context.getFilesDir();
+        mApexTestDir = new File(baseDir.getPath() + "/apex");
+        mApexTestDir.mkdirs();
+
+        mLegacyTestDir = new File(baseDir.getPath() + "/legacy");
+        mLegacyTestDir.mkdirs();
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        createTestDir();
+        mEthernetConfigStore = new EthernetConfigStore();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        mApexTestDir.delete();
+        mLegacyTestDir.delete();
+    }
+
+    private void assertConfigFileExist(final String filepath) {
+        assertTrue(new File(filepath).exists());
+    }
+
+    /** Wait for the delayed write operation completes. */
+    private void waitForMs(long ms) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(ms);
+        } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
+            fail("Thread was interrupted");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteIpConfigToApexFilePathAndRead() throws Exception {
+        // Write the config file to the apex file path, pretend the config file exits and
+        // check if IP config should be read from apex file path.
+        mApexConfigFile = new File(mApexTestDir.getPath(), "test.txt");
+        mEthernetConfigStore.write("eth0", APEX_IP_CONFIG, mApexConfigFile.getPath());
+        waitForMs(50);
+
+        mEthernetConfigStore.read(mApexTestDir.getPath(), mLegacyTestDir.getPath(), "/test.txt");
+        final ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> ipConfigurations =
+                mEthernetConfigStore.getIpConfigurations();
+        assertEquals(APEX_IP_CONFIG, ipConfigurations.get("eth0"));
+
+        mApexConfigFile.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteIpConfigToLegacyFilePathAndRead() throws Exception {
+        // Write the config file to the legacy file path, pretend the config file exits and
+        // check if IP config should be read from legacy file path.
+        mLegacyConfigFile = new File(mLegacyTestDir, "test.txt");
+        mEthernetConfigStore.write("0", LEGACY_IP_CONFIG, mLegacyConfigFile.getPath());
+        waitForMs(50);
+
+        mEthernetConfigStore.read(mApexTestDir.getPath(), mLegacyTestDir.getPath(), "/test.txt");
+        final ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> ipConfigurations =
+                mEthernetConfigStore.getIpConfigurations();
+        assertEquals(LEGACY_IP_CONFIG, ipConfigurations.get("0"));
+
+        // Check the same config file in apex file path is created.
+        assertConfigFileExist(mApexTestDir.getPath() + "/test.txt");
+
+        final File apexConfigFile = new File(mApexTestDir.getPath() + "/test.txt");
+        apexConfigFile.delete();
+        mLegacyConfigFile.delete();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
index dfb4fcc..568d40f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
@@ -51,6 +50,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.net.StaticIpConfiguration;
 import android.net.ip.IpClientCallbacks;
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
     @Mock private EthernetNetworkAgent mNetworkAgent;
     @Mock private InterfaceParams mInterfaceParams;
     @Mock private Network mMockNetwork;
+    @Mock private NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@
     private void initEthernetNetworkFactory() {
         mLooper = new TestLooper();
         mHandler = new Handler(mLooper.getLooper());
-        mNetFactory = new EthernetNetworkFactory(mHandler, mContext, mDeps);
+        mNetFactory = new EthernetNetworkFactory(mHandler, mContext, mNetworkProvider, mDeps);
     }
 
     private void setupNetworkAgentMock() {
@@ -239,9 +240,16 @@
         mNetFactory.addInterface(iface, HW_ADDR, ipConfig,
                 createInterfaceCapsBuilder(transportType).build());
         assertTrue(mNetFactory.updateInterfaceLinkState(iface, true, NULL_LISTENER));
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkOfferCallback> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(
+                NetworkOfferCallback.class);
+        verify(mNetworkProvider).registerNetworkOffer(any(), any(), any(), captor.capture());
+        captor.getValue().onNetworkNeeded(createDefaultRequest());
+
         verifyStart(ipConfig);
         clearInvocations(mDeps);
         clearInvocations(mIpClient);
+        clearInvocations(mNetworkProvider);
     }
 
     // creates a provisioned interface
@@ -281,29 +289,15 @@
         // To create an unprovisioned interface, provision and then "stop" it, i.e. stop its
         // NetworkAgent and IpClient. One way this can be done is by provisioning an interface and
         // then calling onNetworkUnwanted.
-        createAndVerifyProvisionedInterface(iface);
-
-        mNetworkAgent.getCallbacks().onNetworkUnwanted();
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        verifyStop();
+        mNetFactory.addInterface(iface, HW_ADDR, createDefaultIpConfig(),
+                createInterfaceCapsBuilder(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET).build());
+        assertTrue(mNetFactory.updateInterfaceLinkState(iface, true, NULL_LISTENER));
 
         clearInvocations(mIpClient);
         clearInvocations(mNetworkAgent);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testAcceptRequest() throws Exception {
-        initEthernetNetworkFactory();
-        createInterfaceUndergoingProvisioning(TEST_IFACE);
-        assertTrue(mNetFactory.acceptRequest(createDefaultRequest()));
-
-        NetworkRequest wifiRequest = createDefaultRequestBuilder()
-                .removeTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
-                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
-        assertFalse(mNetFactory.acceptRequest(wifiRequest));
-    }
-
-    @Test
     public void testUpdateInterfaceLinkStateForActiveProvisioningInterface() throws Exception {
         initEthernetNetworkFactory();
         createInterfaceUndergoingProvisioning(TEST_IFACE);
@@ -378,36 +372,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNeedNetworkForOnProvisionedInterface() throws Exception {
-        initEthernetNetworkFactory();
-        createAndVerifyProvisionedInterface(TEST_IFACE);
-        mNetFactory.needNetworkFor(createDefaultRequest());
-        verify(mIpClient, never()).startProvisioning(any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNeedNetworkForOnUnprovisionedInterface() throws Exception {
-        initEthernetNetworkFactory();
-        createUnprovisionedInterface(TEST_IFACE);
-        mNetFactory.needNetworkFor(createDefaultRequest());
-        verify(mIpClient).startProvisioning(any());
-
-        triggerOnProvisioningSuccess();
-        verifyNetworkAgentRegistersAndConnects();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNeedNetworkForOnInterfaceUndergoingProvisioning() throws Exception {
-        initEthernetNetworkFactory();
-        createInterfaceUndergoingProvisioning(TEST_IFACE);
-        mNetFactory.needNetworkFor(createDefaultRequest());
-        verify(mIpClient, never()).startProvisioning(any());
-
-        triggerOnProvisioningSuccess();
-        verifyNetworkAgentRegistersAndConnects();
-    }
-
-    @Test
     public void testProvisioningLoss() throws Exception {
         initEthernetNetworkFactory();
         when(mDeps.getNetworkInterfaceByName(TEST_IFACE)).thenReturn(mInterfaceParams);
@@ -441,31 +405,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testIpClientIsNotStartedWhenLinkIsDown() throws Exception {
-        initEthernetNetworkFactory();
-        createUnprovisionedInterface(TEST_IFACE);
-        mNetFactory.updateInterfaceLinkState(TEST_IFACE, false, NULL_LISTENER);
-
-        mNetFactory.needNetworkFor(createDefaultRequest());
-
-        verify(mDeps, never()).makeIpClient(any(), any(), any());
-
-        // BUG(b/191854824): requesting a network with a specifier (Android Auto use case) should
-        // not start an IpClient when the link is down, but fixing this may make matters worse by
-        // tiggering b/197548738.
-        NetworkRequest specificNetRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
-                .setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(TEST_IFACE))
-                .build();
-        mNetFactory.needNetworkFor(specificNetRequest);
-        mNetFactory.releaseNetworkFor(specificNetRequest);
-
-        mNetFactory.updateInterfaceLinkState(TEST_IFACE, true, NULL_LISTENER);
-        // TODO: change to once when b/191854824 is fixed.
-        verify(mDeps, times(2)).makeIpClient(any(), eq(TEST_IFACE), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
     public void testLinkPropertiesChanged() throws Exception {
         initEthernetNetworkFactory();
         createAndVerifyProvisionedInterface(TEST_IFACE);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImplTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImplTest.java
index dd1f1ed..aff824c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImplTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImplTest.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull;
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.net.INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver;
 import android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest;
+import android.net.INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver;
 import android.net.IpConfiguration;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -111,18 +110,18 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testConnectNetworkRejectsWhenEthNotStarted() {
+    public void testEnableInterfaceRejectsWhenEthNotStarted() {
         mEthernetServiceImpl.mStarted.set(false);
         assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.connectNetwork("" /* iface */, null /* listener */);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.enableInterface("" /* iface */, null /* listener */);
         });
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetworkRejectsWhenEthNotStarted() {
+    public void testDisableInterfaceRejectsWhenEthNotStarted() {
         mEthernetServiceImpl.mStarted.set(false);
         assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.disconnectNetwork("" /* iface */, null /* listener */);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.disableInterface("" /* iface */, null /* listener */);
         });
     }
 
@@ -134,16 +133,16 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testConnectNetworkRejectsNullIface() {
+    public void testEnableInterfaceRejectsNullIface() {
         assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.connectNetwork(null /* iface */, NULL_LISTENER);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.enableInterface(null /* iface */, NULL_LISTENER);
         });
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetworkRejectsNullIface() {
+    public void testDisableInterfaceRejectsNullIface() {
         assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.disconnectNetwork(null /* iface */, NULL_LISTENER);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.disableInterface(null /* iface */, NULL_LISTENER);
         });
     }
 
@@ -165,22 +164,6 @@
                 eq(UPDATE_REQUEST_WITHOUT_CAPABILITIES.getNetworkCapabilities()), isNull());
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testConnectNetworkRejectsWithoutAutomotiveFeature() {
-        toggleAutomotiveFeature(false);
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.connectNetwork("" /* iface */, NULL_LISTENER);
-        });
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetworkRejectsWithoutAutomotiveFeature() {
-        toggleAutomotiveFeature(false);
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.disconnectNetwork("" /* iface */, NULL_LISTENER);
-        });
-    }
-
     private void denyManageEthPermission() {
         doThrow(new SecurityException("")).when(mContext)
                 .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
@@ -202,18 +185,18 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testConnectNetworkRejectsWithoutManageEthPermission() {
+    public void testEnableInterfaceRejectsWithoutManageEthPermission() {
         denyManageEthPermission();
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.connectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.enableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
         });
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetworkRejectsWithoutManageEthPermission() {
+    public void testDisableInterfaceRejectsWithoutManageEthPermission() {
         denyManageEthPermission();
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.disconnectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.disableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
         });
     }
 
@@ -231,20 +214,20 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testConnectNetworkRejectsTestRequestWithoutTestPermission() {
+    public void testEnableInterfaceRejectsTestRequestWithoutTestPermission() {
         enableTestInterface();
         denyManageTestNetworksPermission();
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.connectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.enableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
         });
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetworkRejectsTestRequestWithoutTestPermission() {
+    public void testDisableInterfaceRejectsTestRequestWithoutTestPermission() {
         enableTestInterface();
         denyManageTestNetworksPermission();
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> {
-            mEthernetServiceImpl.disconnectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.disableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
         });
     }
 
@@ -258,15 +241,15 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testConnectNetwork() {
-        mEthernetServiceImpl.connectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
-        verify(mEthernetTracker).connectNetwork(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
+    public void testEnableInterface() {
+        mEthernetServiceImpl.enableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+        verify(mEthernetTracker).enableInterface(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetwork() {
-        mEthernetServiceImpl.disconnectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
-        verify(mEthernetTracker).disconnectNetwork(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
+    public void testDisableInterface() {
+        mEthernetServiceImpl.disableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+        verify(mEthernetTracker).disableInterface(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -324,23 +307,23 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testConnectNetworkForTestRequestDoesNotRequireAutoOrNetPermission() {
+    public void testEnableInterfaceForTestRequestDoesNotRequireNetPermission() {
         enableTestInterface();
         toggleAutomotiveFeature(false);
         denyManageEthPermission();
 
-        mEthernetServiceImpl.connectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
-        verify(mEthernetTracker).connectNetwork(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
+        mEthernetServiceImpl.enableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+        verify(mEthernetTracker).enableInterface(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetworkForTestRequestDoesNotRequireAutoOrNetPermission() {
+    public void testDisableInterfaceForTestRequestDoesNotRequireAutoOrNetPermission() {
         enableTestInterface();
         toggleAutomotiveFeature(false);
         denyManageEthPermission();
 
-        mEthernetServiceImpl.disconnectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
-        verify(mEthernetTracker).disconnectNetwork(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
+        mEthernetServiceImpl.disableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+        verify(mEthernetTracker).disableInterface(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(NULL_LISTENER));
     }
 
     private void denyPermissions(String... permissions) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java
index 33b36fd..ca988b6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java
@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testConnectNetworkCorrectlyCallsFactory() {
-        tracker.connectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+    public void testEnableInterfaceCorrectlyCallsFactory() {
+        tracker.enableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
         waitForIdle();
 
         verify(mFactory).updateInterfaceLinkState(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(true /* up */),
@@ -361,8 +361,8 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDisconnectNetworkCorrectlyCallsFactory() {
-        tracker.disconnectNetwork(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
+    public void testDisableInterfaceCorrectlyCallsFactory() {
+        tracker.disableInterface(TEST_IFACE, NULL_LISTENER);
         waitForIdle();
 
         verify(mFactory).updateInterfaceLinkState(eq(TEST_IFACE), eq(false /* up */),