diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 7fa4b7f..95f854b 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -137,9 +137,6 @@
           "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
         }
       ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     }
   ],
   "auto-postsubmit": [
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 586923c..ac777d7 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -132,15 +132,41 @@
     hidden_api: {
         max_target_r_low_priority: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt",
-	],
+        ],
         max_target_o_low_priority: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority.txt",
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt",
-	],
+        ],
         unsupported: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported.txt",
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt",
         ],
+
+        // The following packages contain classes from other modules on the
+        // bootclasspath. That means that the hidden API flags for this module
+        // has to explicitly list every single class this module provides in
+        // that package to differentiate them from the classes provided by other
+        // modules. That can include private classes that are not part of the
+        // API.
+        split_packages: [
+            "android.app.usage",
+            "android.net",
+            "android.net.netstats",
+            "android.net.util",
+        ],
+
+        // The following packages and all their subpackages currently only
+        // contain classes from this bootclasspath_fragment. Listing a package
+        // here won't prevent other bootclasspath modules from adding classes in
+        // any of those packages but it will prevent them from adding those
+        // classes into an API surface, e.g. public, system, etc.. Doing so will
+        // result in a build failure due to inconsistent flags.
+        package_prefixes: [
+            "android.net.apf",
+            "android.net.connectivity",
+            "android.net.netstats.provider",
+            "android.net.nsd",
+        ],
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values/config.xml b/Tethering/res/values/config.xml
index 0412a49..bfec5bc 100644
--- a/Tethering/res/values/config.xml
+++ b/Tethering/res/values/config.xml
@@ -78,6 +78,12 @@
     <!-- Use legacy wifi p2p dedicated address instead of randomize address. -->
     <bool translatable="false" name="config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip">false</bool>
 
+    <!-- Use lease subnet prefix length to reserve the range outside of subnet prefix length.
+         This configuration only valid if its value larger than dhcp server address prefix length
+         and config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip is true.
+    -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_p2p_leases_subnet_prefix_length">0</integer>
+
     <!-- Dhcp range (min, max) to use for tethering purposes -->
     <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_dhcp_range">
     </string-array>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values/overlayable.xml b/Tethering/res/values/overlayable.xml
index 91fbd7d..7bd905c 100644
--- a/Tethering/res/values/overlayable.xml
+++ b/Tethering/res/values/overlayable.xml
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
             <item type="bool" name="config_tether_enable_bpf_offload"/>
             <item type="bool" name="config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server"/>
             <item type="bool" name="config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_p2p_leases_subnet_prefix_length"/>
             <item type="integer" name="config_tether_offload_poll_interval"/>
             <item type="array" name="config_tether_upstream_types"/>
             <item type="bool" name="config_tether_upstream_automatic"/>
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExt.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExt.java
index aaaec17..8d58945 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExt.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExt.java
@@ -185,6 +185,16 @@
         return this;
     }
 
+    /** Set leases subnet prefix length. If the value is smaller than server address prefix length,
+     * this configuration will be ignored.
+     *
+     * <p>If not set, the default value is zero.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setLeasesSubnetPrefixLength(int prefixLength) {
+        this.leasesSubnetPrefixLength = prefixLength;
+        return this;
+    }
+
     private static int[] toIntArray(@NonNull Collection<Inet4Address> addrs) {
         int[] res = new int[addrs.size()];
         int i = 0;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index acd2625..c718f4c 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@
     private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
     private final boolean mUsingLegacyDhcp;
     private final boolean mUsingBpfOffload;
+    private final int mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength;
 
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
 
@@ -299,6 +300,7 @@
         mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
         mUsingLegacyDhcp = config.useLegacyDhcpServer();
         mUsingBpfOffload = config.isBpfOffloadEnabled();
+        mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength = config.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength();
         mPrivateAddressCoordinator = addressCoordinator;
         mDeps = deps;
         resetLinkProperties();
@@ -527,6 +529,9 @@
             @Nullable Inet4Address clientAddr) {
         final boolean changePrefixOnDecline =
                 (mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM && clientAddr == null);
+        final int subnetPrefixLength = mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P
+                ? mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength : 0 /* default value */;
+
         return new DhcpServingParamsParcelExt()
             .setDefaultRouters(defaultRouter)
             .setDhcpLeaseTimeSecs(DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS)
@@ -534,7 +539,8 @@
             .setServerAddr(serverAddr)
             .setMetered(true)
             .setSingleClientAddr(clientAddr)
-            .setChangePrefixOnDecline(changePrefixOnDecline);
+            .setChangePrefixOnDecline(changePrefixOnDecline)
+            .setLeasesSubnetPrefixLength(subnetPrefixLength);
             // TODO: also advertise link MTU
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
index eaf8589..f9f3ed9 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
     // TODO: Add to TetheringConfigurationParcel if required.
     private final boolean mEnableBpfOffload;
     private final boolean mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp;
+    private final int mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength;
 
     private final int mUsbTetheringFunction;
     protected final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
@@ -214,9 +215,27 @@
                 R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip,
                 false /* defaultValue */);
 
+        mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength = getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLengthFromRes(res, configLog);
+
         configLog.log(toString());
     }
 
+    private int getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLengthFromRes(final Resources res, final SharedLog log) {
+        if (!mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp) return 0;
+
+        int prefixLength = getResourceInteger(res,
+                R.integer.config_p2p_leases_subnet_prefix_length, 0 /* default value */);
+
+        // DhcpLeaseRepository ignores the first and last addresses of the range so the max prefix
+        // length is 30.
+        if (prefixLength < 0 || prefixLength > 30) {
+            log.e("Invalid p2p leases subnet prefix length configuration: " + prefixLength);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return prefixLength;
+    }
+
     /** Check whether using legacy dhcp server. */
     public boolean useLegacyDhcpServer() {
         return mEnableLegacyDhcpServer;
@@ -272,6 +291,15 @@
         return mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get subnet prefix length of dhcp leases for wifi p2p.
+     * This feature only support when wifi p2p use dedicated address. If
+     * #shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp is false, this method would always return 0.
+     */
+    public int getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength() {
+        return mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength;
+    }
+
     /** Does the dumping.*/
     public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
         pw.print("activeDataSubId: ");
@@ -310,6 +338,9 @@
         pw.print("enableWifiP2pDedicatedIp: ");
         pw.println(mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp);
 
+        pw.print("p2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength: ");
+        pw.println(mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength);
+
         pw.print("mUsbTetheringFunction: ");
         pw.println(isUsingNcm() ? "NCM" : "RNDIS");
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index 6eaf68b..a4d0448 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -83,68 +83,3 @@
     compile_multilib: "both",
     jarjar_rules: ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
 }
-
-android_library {
-    name: "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-    static_libs: [
-        "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
-        "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
-        "NetworkStackTestsLib",
-        "TetheringTestsLatestSdkLib",
-        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
-    ],
-    // Jarjar rules should normally be applied on final artifacts and not intermediate libraries as
-    // applying different rules on intermediate libraries can cause conflicts when combining them
-    // (the resulting artifact can end up with multiple incompatible implementations of the same
-    // classes). But this library is used to combine tethering coverage tests with connectivity
-    // coverage tests into a single coverage target. The tests need to use the same jarjar rules as
-    // covered production code for coverage to be calculated properly, so jarjar is applied
-    // separately on each set of tests.
-    jarjar_rules: ":TetheringCoverageJarJarRules",
-    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
-    visibility: [
-        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__"
-    ],
-}
-
-// Combine NetworkStack and Tethering jarjar rules for coverage target. The jarjar files are
-// simply concatenated in the order specified in srcs.
-genrule {
-    name: "TetheringCoverageJarJarRules",
-    srcs: [
-        ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
-        ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
-    ],
-    out: ["jarjar-rules-tethering-coverage.txt"],
-    cmd: "cat $(in) > $(out)",
-    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
-}
-
-// Special version of the tethering tests that includes all tests necessary for code coverage
-// purposes. This is currently the union of TetheringTests, TetheringIntegrationTests and
-// NetworkStackTests.
-// TODO: remove in favor of ConnectivityCoverageTests, which includes below tests and more
-android_test {
-    name: "TetheringCoverageTests",
-    platform_apis: true,
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-    target_sdk_version: "31",
-    test_suites: ["device-tests", "mts-tethering"],
-    test_config: "AndroidTest_Coverage.xml",
-    defaults: ["libnetworkstackutilsjni_deps"],
-    static_libs: [
-        "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
-        "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
-    ],
-    jni_libs: [
-        // For mockito extended
-        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
-        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
-        // For NetworkStackUtils included in NetworkStackBase
-        "libnetworkstackutilsjni",
-        "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
-    ],
-    compile_multilib: "both",
-    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
-}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 06de00d..0000000
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
-
-     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-     You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-     limitations under the License.
--->
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-          xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
-          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.coverage">
-
-    <application tools:replace="android:label"
-                 android:debuggable="true"
-                 android:label="Tethering coverage tests">
-        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
-    </application>
-    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
-                     android:targetPackage="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.coverage"
-                     android:label="Tethering coverage tests">
-    </instrumentation>
-</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 33c5b3d..0000000
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-<configuration description="Runs coverage tests for Tethering">
-    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TestAppInstallSetup">
-        <option name="test-file-name" value="TetheringCoverageTests.apk" />
-    </target_preparer>
-
-    <option name="test-tag" value="TetheringCoverageTests" />
-    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
-        <option name="package" value="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.coverage" />
-        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
-        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
-        <option name="device-listeners" value="com.android.modules.utils.testing.NativeCoverageHackInstrumentationListener" />
-    </test>
-</configuration>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/jarjar-rules.txt b/Tethering/tests/jarjar-rules.txt
index a7c7488..cd8fd3a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/jarjar-rules.txt
+++ b/Tethering/tests/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 rule com.android.internal.util.State* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.State@1
 rule com.android.internal.util.StateMachine* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachine@1
 rule com.android.internal.util.TrafficStatsConstants* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TrafficStatsConstants@1
+# Keep other com.android.internal.util as-is
+rule com.android.internal.util.** @0
 
 rule android.util.LocalLog* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.LocalLog@1
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index 6488421..43f1eaa 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@
     private static final int BLUETOOTH_DHCP_PREFIX_LENGTH = 24;
     private static final int DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS = 3600;
     private static final boolean DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD = true;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH = 0;
+    private static final int P2P_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH = 25;
 
     private static final InterfaceParams TEST_IFACE_PARAMS = new InterfaceParams(
             IFACE_NAME, 42 /* index */, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, 1500 /* defaultMtu */);
@@ -230,6 +232,7 @@
 
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
         when(mTetherConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer()).thenReturn(usingLegacyDhcp);
+        when(mTetherConfig.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength()).thenReturn(P2P_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH);
         mIpServer = new IpServer(
                 IFACE_NAME, mLooper.getLooper(), interfaceType, mSharedLog, mNetd, mBpfCoordinator,
                 mCallback, mTetherConfig, mAddressCoordinator, mDependencies);
@@ -1312,6 +1315,12 @@
         if (mIpServer.interfaceType() == TETHERING_NCM) {
             assertTrue(params.changePrefixOnDecline);
         }
+
+        if (mIpServer.interfaceType() == TETHERING_WIFI_P2P) {
+            assertEquals(P2P_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH, params.leasesSubnetPrefixLength);
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(DEFAULT_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH, params.leasesSubnetPrefixLength);
+        }
     }
 
     private void assertDhcpStarted(IpPrefix expectedPrefix) throws Exception {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
index e8bb315..7fcf2b2 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
@@ -616,4 +616,35 @@
         assertArrayEquals(ncmRegexs, cfg.tetherableNcmRegexs);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+
+        final int defaultSubnetPrefixLength = 0;
+        final TetheringConfiguration defaultCfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertEquals(defaultSubnetPrefixLength, defaultCfg.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength());
+
+        final int prefixLengthTooSmall = -1;
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_p2p_leases_subnet_prefix_length)).thenReturn(
+                prefixLengthTooSmall);
+        final TetheringConfiguration tooSmallCfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertEquals(defaultSubnetPrefixLength, tooSmallCfg.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength());
+
+        final int prefixLengthTooLarge = 31;
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_p2p_leases_subnet_prefix_length)).thenReturn(
+                prefixLengthTooLarge);
+        final TetheringConfiguration tooLargeCfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertEquals(defaultSubnetPrefixLength, tooLargeCfg.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength());
+
+        final int p2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength = 27;
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_p2p_leases_subnet_prefix_length)).thenReturn(
+                p2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength);
+        final TetheringConfiguration p2pCfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertEquals(p2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength, p2pCfg.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
index dc646c3..55165b1 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@
 // From kernel:include/net/ip.h
 #define IP_DF 0x4000  // Flag: "Don't Fragment"
 
+// Used for iptables drops ingress clat packet. Beware of clat mark change may break the device
+// which is using the old clat mark in netd platform code. The reason is that the clat mark is a
+// mainline constant since T+ but netd iptable rules (ex: bandwidth control, firewall, and so on)
+// are set in stone.
+#define CLAT_MARK 0xdeadc1a7
+
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(clat_ingress6_map, HASH, ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value, 16, AID_SYSTEM)
 
 static inline __always_inline int nat64(struct __sk_buff* skb, bool is_ethernet) {
@@ -64,17 +70,6 @@
     // Maximum IPv6 payload length that can be translated to IPv4
     if (ntohs(ip6->payload_len) > 0xFFFF - sizeof(struct iphdr)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
 
-    switch (ip6->nexthdr) {
-        case IPPROTO_TCP:  // For TCP & UDP the checksum neutrality of the chosen IPv6
-        case IPPROTO_UDP:  // address means there is no need to update their checksums.
-        case IPPROTO_GRE:  // We do not need to bother looking at GRE/ESP headers,
-        case IPPROTO_ESP:  // since there is never a checksum to update.
-            break;
-
-        default:  // do not know how to handle anything else
-            return TC_ACT_PIPE;
-    }
-
     ClatIngress6Key k = {
             .iif = skb->ifindex,
             .pfx96.in6_u.u6_addr32 =
@@ -90,6 +85,21 @@
 
     if (!v) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
 
+    switch (ip6->nexthdr) {
+        case IPPROTO_TCP:  // For TCP & UDP the checksum neutrality of the chosen IPv6
+        case IPPROTO_UDP:  // address means there is no need to update their checksums.
+        case IPPROTO_GRE:  // We do not need to bother looking at GRE/ESP headers,
+        case IPPROTO_ESP:  // since there is never a checksum to update.
+            break;
+
+        default:  // do not know how to handle anything else
+            // Mark ingress non-offloaded clat packet for dropping in ip6tables bw_raw_PREROUTING.
+            // Non-offloaded clat packet is going to be handled by clat daemon and ip6tables. The
+            // duplicate one in ip6tables is not necessary.
+            skb->mark = CLAT_MARK;
+            return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+    }
+
     struct ethhdr eth2;  // used iff is_ethernet
     if (is_ethernet) {
         eth2 = *eth;                     // Copy over the ethernet header (src/dst mac)
@@ -132,7 +142,13 @@
 
     // Packet mutations begin - point of no return, but if this first modification fails
     // the packet is probably still pristine, so let clatd handle it.
-    if (bpf_skb_change_proto(skb, htons(ETH_P_IP), 0)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+    if (bpf_skb_change_proto(skb, htons(ETH_P_IP), 0)) {
+        // Mark ingress non-offloaded clat packet for dropping in ip6tables bw_raw_PREROUTING.
+        // Non-offloaded clat packet is going to be handled by clat daemon and ip6tables. The
+        // duplicate one in ip6tables is not necessary.
+        skb->mark = CLAT_MARK;
+        return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+    }
 
     // This takes care of updating the skb->csum field for a CHECKSUM_COMPLETE packet.
     //
diff --git a/framework-t/Sources.bp b/framework-t/Sources.bp
index 53b4163..b30ee80 100644
--- a/framework-t/Sources.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Sources.bp
@@ -124,13 +124,6 @@
     ],
 }
 
-// TODO: remove this empty filegroup.
-filegroup {
-    name: "framework-connectivity-tiramisu-sources",
-    srcs: [],
-    visibility: ["//frameworks/base"],
-}
-
 filegroup {
     name: "framework-connectivity-tiramisu-updatable-sources",
     srcs: [
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
index 61b34d0..d9c9d74 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 import android.app.SystemServiceRegistry;
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDns;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.MDnsManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 
 /**
@@ -78,5 +80,14 @@
                     return new EthernetManager(context, service);
                 }
         );
+
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerStaticService(
+                MDnsManager.MDNS_SERVICE,
+                MDnsManager.class,
+                (serviceBinder) -> {
+                    IMDns service = IMDns.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
+                    return new MDnsManager(service);
+                }
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
index e02ea89..2b76dd9 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
@@ -541,8 +541,7 @@
      * Similarly, use {@link NetworkCapabilities.Builder} to build a {@code NetworkCapabilities}
      * object for this network to put inside the {@code request}.
      *
-     * This function accepts an {@link OutcomeReceiver} that is called once the operation has
-     * finished execution.
+     * The provided {@link OutcomeReceiver} is called once the operation has finished execution.
      *
      * @param iface the name of the interface to act upon.
      * @param request the {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest} used to set an ethernet network's
@@ -554,7 +553,8 @@
      *                 information about the error.
      * @throws SecurityException if the process doesn't hold
      *                          {@link android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on a non-automotive device or on an
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@link NetworkCapabilities} are updated on a
+     *                                       non-automotive device or this function is called on an
      *                                       unsupported interface.
      * @hide
      */
@@ -582,9 +582,9 @@
     /**
      * Enable a network interface.
      *
-     * Enables a previously disabled network interface.
-     * This function accepts an {@link OutcomeReceiver} that is called once the operation has
-     * finished execution.
+     * Enables a previously disabled network interface. An attempt to enable an already-enabled
+     * interface is ignored.
+     * The provided {@link OutcomeReceiver} is called once the operation has finished execution.
      *
      * @param iface the name of the interface to enable.
      * @param executor an {@link Executor} to execute the callback on. Optional if callback is null.
@@ -619,10 +619,9 @@
     /**
      * Disable a network interface.
      *
-     * Disables the use of a network interface to fulfill network requests. If the interface
-     * currently serves a request, the network will be torn down.
-     * This function accepts an {@link OutcomeReceiver} that is called once the operation has
-     * finished execution.
+     * Disables the specified interface. If this interface is in use in a connected
+     * {@link android.net.Network}, then that {@code Network} will be torn down.
+     * The provided {@link OutcomeReceiver} is called once the operation has finished execution.
      *
      * @param iface the name of the interface to disable.
      * @param executor an {@link Executor} to execute the callback on. Optional if callback is null.
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/MDnsManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/MDnsManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c11e60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/MDnsManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.DiscoveryInfo;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.GetAddressInfo;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDns;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+/**
+ * A manager class for mdns service.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class MDnsManager {
+    private static final String TAG = MDnsManager.class.getSimpleName();
+    private final IMDns mMdns;
+
+    /** Service name for this. */
+    public static final String MDNS_SERVICE = "mdns";
+
+    private static final int NO_RESULT = -1;
+    private static final int NETID_UNSET = 0;
+
+    public MDnsManager(IMDns mdns) {
+        mMdns = mdns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start the MDNSResponder daemon.
+     */
+    public void startDaemon() {
+        try {
+            mMdns.startDaemon();
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Start mdns failed.", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the MDNSResponder daemon.
+     */
+    public void stopDaemon() {
+        try {
+            mMdns.stopDaemon();
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Stop mdns failed.", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start registering a service.
+     *
+     * @param id The operation ID.
+     * @param serviceName The service name to be registered.
+     * @param registrationType The service type to be registered.
+     * @param port The port on which the service accepts connections.
+     * @param txtRecord The txt record. Refer to {@code NsdServiceInfo#setTxtRecords} for details.
+     * @param interfaceIdx The interface index on which to register the service.
+     * @return {@code true} if registration is successful, else {@code false}.
+     */
+    public boolean registerService(int id, @NonNull String serviceName,
+            @NonNull String registrationType, int port, @NonNull byte[] txtRecord,
+            int interfaceIdx) {
+        final RegistrationInfo info = new RegistrationInfo(id, NO_RESULT, serviceName,
+                registrationType, port, txtRecord, interfaceIdx);
+        try {
+            mMdns.registerService(info);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Register service failed.", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start discovering services.
+     *
+     * @param id The operation ID.
+     * @param registrationType The service type to be discovered.
+     * @param interfaceIdx The interface index on which to discover for services.
+     * @return {@code true} if discovery is started successfully, else {@code false}.
+     */
+    public boolean discover(int id, @NonNull String registrationType, int interfaceIdx) {
+        final DiscoveryInfo info = new DiscoveryInfo(id, NO_RESULT, "" /* serviceName */,
+                registrationType, "" /* domainName */, interfaceIdx, NETID_UNSET);
+        try {
+            mMdns.discover(info);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Discover service failed.", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start resolving the target service.
+     *
+     * @param id The operation ID.
+     * @param serviceName The service name to be resolved.
+     * @param registrationType The service type to be resolved.
+     * @param domain The service domain to be resolved.
+     * @param interfaceIdx The interface index on which to resolve the service.
+     * @return {@code true} if resolution is started successfully, else {@code false}.
+     */
+    public boolean resolve(int id, @NonNull String serviceName, @NonNull String registrationType,
+            @NonNull String domain, int interfaceIdx) {
+        final ResolutionInfo info = new ResolutionInfo(id, NO_RESULT, serviceName,
+                registrationType, domain, "" /* serviceFullName */, "" /* hostname */, 0 /* port */,
+                new byte[0] /* txtRecord */, interfaceIdx);
+        try {
+            mMdns.resolve(info);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Resolve service failed.", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start getting the target service address.
+     *
+     * @param id The operation ID.
+     * @param hostname The fully qualified domain name of the host to be queried for.
+     * @param interfaceIdx The interface index on which to issue the query.
+     * @return {@code true} if getting address is started successful, else {@code false}.
+     */
+    public boolean getServiceAddress(int id, @NonNull String hostname, int interfaceIdx) {
+        final GetAddressInfo info = new GetAddressInfo(id, NO_RESULT, hostname,
+                "" /* address */, interfaceIdx, NETID_UNSET);
+        try {
+            mMdns.getServiceAddress(info);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Get service address failed.", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop an operation which was requested before.
+     *
+     * @param id the operation id to be stopped.
+     * @return {@code true} if operation is stopped successfully, else {@code false}.
+     */
+    public boolean stopOperation(int id) {
+        try {
+            mMdns.stopOperation(id);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Stop operation failed.", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register an event listener.
+     *
+     * @param listener The listener to be registered.
+     */
+    public void registerEventListener(@NonNull IMDnsEventListener listener) {
+        try {
+            mMdns.registerEventListener(listener);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Register listener failed.", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister an event listener.
+     *
+     * @param listener The listener to be unregistered.
+     */
+    public void unregisterEventListener(@NonNull IMDnsEventListener listener) {
+        try {
+            mMdns.unregisterEventListener(listener);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unregister listener failed.", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
index 209f372..33b44c8 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
     public static final int DISABLE                                 = 21;
 
     /** @hide */
-    public static final int NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT                     = 22;
+    public static final int MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT                      = 22;
 
     /** @hide */
     public static final int REGISTER_CLIENT                         = 23;
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
         EVENT_NAMES.put(DAEMON_STARTUP, "DAEMON_STARTUP");
         EVENT_NAMES.put(ENABLE, "ENABLE");
         EVENT_NAMES.put(DISABLE, "DISABLE");
-        EVENT_NAMES.put(NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT, "NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT, "MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT");
     }
 
     /** @hide */
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
index 8506db1..2621594 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
-import android.util.Base64;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
@@ -106,13 +105,11 @@
     /**
      * Unpack txt information from a base-64 encoded byte array.
      *
-     * @param rawRecords The raw base64 encoded records string read from netd.
+     * @param txtRecordsRawBytes The raw base64 encoded byte array.
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public void setTxtRecords(@NonNull String rawRecords) {
-        byte[] txtRecordsRawBytes = Base64.decode(rawRecords, Base64.DEFAULT);
-
+    public void setTxtRecords(@NonNull byte[] txtRecordsRawBytes) {
         // There can be multiple TXT records after each other. Each record has to following format:
         //
         // byte                  type                  required   meaning
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index f31a7d5..3703df8 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
         "net-utils-device-common",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "mdns_aidl_interface-lateststable-java",
         "modules-utils-backgroundthread",
         "modules-utils-build",
         "modules-utils-preconditions",
diff --git a/service-t/Sources.bp b/service-t/Sources.bp
index 3f7d76a..78ca21b 100644
--- a/service-t/Sources.bp
+++ b/service-t/Sources.bp
@@ -38,16 +38,6 @@
     ],
 }
 
-// Connectivity-T common libraries.
-
-// TODO: remove this empty filegroup.
-filegroup {
-    name: "services.connectivity-tiramisu-sources",
-    srcs: [],
-    path: "src",
-    visibility: ["//frameworks/base/services/core"],
-}
-
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libcom_android_net_module_util_jni",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
index ddf6d2c..995f8ae 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
@@ -16,15 +16,24 @@
 
 package com.android.server;
 
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NETID_UNSET;
+import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT;
+
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.DiscoveryInfo;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.GetAddressInfo;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.IMDnsEventListener;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.RegistrationInfo;
+import android.net.mdns.aidl.ResolutionInfo;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
+import android.net.nsd.MDnsManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -33,7 +42,6 @@
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
-import android.util.Base64;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
@@ -42,7 +50,6 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.State;
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
-import com.android.net.module.util.DnsSdTxtRecord;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -50,9 +57,7 @@
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 
 /**
  * Network Service Discovery Service handles remote service discovery operation requests by
@@ -64,14 +69,18 @@
     private static final String TAG = "NsdService";
     private static final String MDNS_TAG = "mDnsConnector";
 
-    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+    private static final boolean DBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
     private static final long CLEANUP_DELAY_MS = 10000;
     private static final int IFACE_IDX_ANY = 0;
 
     private final Context mContext;
     private final NsdStateMachine mNsdStateMachine;
-    private final DaemonConnection mDaemon;
-    private final NativeCallbackReceiver mDaemonCallback;
+    private final MDnsManager mMDnsManager;
+    private final MDnsEventCallback mMDnsEventCallback;
+    // WARNING : Accessing this value in any thread is not safe, it must only be changed in the
+    // state machine thread. If change this outside state machine, it will need to introduce
+    // synchronization.
+    private boolean mIsDaemonStarted = false;
 
     /**
      * Clients receiving asynchronous messages
@@ -100,10 +109,26 @@
         }
 
         private void maybeStartDaemon() {
-            mDaemon.maybeStart();
+            if (mIsDaemonStarted) {
+                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Daemon is already started.");
+                return;
+            }
+            mMDnsManager.registerEventListener(mMDnsEventCallback);
+            mMDnsManager.startDaemon();
+            mIsDaemonStarted = true;
             maybeScheduleStop();
         }
 
+        private void maybeStopDaemon() {
+            if (!mIsDaemonStarted) {
+                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Daemon has not been started.");
+                return;
+            }
+            mMDnsManager.unregisterEventListener(mMDnsEventCallback);
+            mMDnsManager.stopDaemon();
+            mIsDaemonStarted = false;
+        }
+
         private boolean isAnyRequestActive() {
             return mIdToClientInfoMap.size() != 0;
         }
@@ -198,7 +223,7 @@
                         }
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.DAEMON_CLEANUP:
-                        mDaemon.maybeStop();
+                        maybeStopDaemon();
                         break;
                     // This event should be only sent by the legacy (target SDK < S) clients.
                     // Mark the sending client as legacy.
@@ -211,7 +236,6 @@
                             maybeStartDaemon();
                         }
                         break;
-                    case NsdManager.NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT:
                     default:
                         Log.e(TAG, "Unhandled " + msg);
                         return NOT_HANDLED;
@@ -397,9 +421,8 @@
                                     clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                         }
                         break;
-                    case NsdManager.NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT:
-                        NativeEvent event = (NativeEvent) msg.obj;
-                        if (!handleNativeEvent(event.code, event.raw, event.cooked)) {
+                    case MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT:
+                        if (!handleMDnsServiceEvent(msg.arg1, msg.arg2, msg.obj)) {
                             return NOT_HANDLED;
                         }
                         break;
@@ -409,13 +432,11 @@
                 return HANDLED;
             }
 
-            private boolean handleNativeEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked) {
+            private boolean handleMDnsServiceEvent(int code, int id, Object obj) {
                 NsdServiceInfo servInfo;
-                int id = Integer.parseInt(cooked[1]);
                 ClientInfo clientInfo = mIdToClientInfoMap.get(id);
                 if (clientInfo == null) {
-                    String name = NativeResponseCode.nameOf(code);
-                    Log.e(TAG, String.format("id %d for %s has no client mapping", id, name));
+                    Log.e(TAG, String.format("id %d for %d has no client mapping", id, code));
                     return false;
                 }
 
@@ -425,27 +446,20 @@
                     // This can happen because of race conditions. For example,
                     // SERVICE_FOUND may race with STOP_SERVICE_DISCOVERY,
                     // and we may get in this situation.
-                    String name = NativeResponseCode.nameOf(code);
-                    Log.d(TAG, String.format(
-                            "Notification %s for listener id %d that is no longer active",
-                            name, id));
+                    Log.d(TAG, String.format("%d for listener id %d that is no longer active",
+                            code, id));
                     return false;
                 }
                 if (DBG) {
-                    String name = NativeResponseCode.nameOf(code);
-                    Log.d(TAG, String.format("Native daemon message %s: %s", name, raw));
+                    Log.d(TAG, String.format("MDns service event code:%d id=%d", code, id));
                 }
                 switch (code) {
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_FOUND:
-                        /* NNN uniqueId serviceName regType domain interfaceIdx netId */
-                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(cooked[2], cooked[3]);
-                        final int foundNetId;
-                        try {
-                            foundNetId = Integer.parseInt(cooked[6]);
-                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid network received from mdnsd: " + cooked[6]);
-                            break;
-                        }
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_FOUND: {
+                        final DiscoveryInfo info = (DiscoveryInfo) obj;
+                        final String name = info.serviceName;
+                        final String type = info.registrationType;
+                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(name, type);
+                        final int foundNetId = info.netId;
                         if (foundNetId == 0L) {
                             // Ignore services that do not have a Network: they are not usable
                             // by apps, as they would need privileged permissions to use
@@ -455,74 +469,65 @@
                         servInfo.setNetwork(new Network(foundNetId));
                         clientInfo.onServiceFound(clientId, servInfo);
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_LOST:
-                        /* NNN uniqueId serviceName regType domain interfaceIdx netId */
-                        final int lostNetId;
-                        try {
-                            lostNetId = Integer.parseInt(cooked[6]);
-                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid network received from mdnsd: " + cooked[6]);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(cooked[2], cooked[3]);
+                    }
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_LOST: {
+                        final DiscoveryInfo info = (DiscoveryInfo) obj;
+                        final String name = info.serviceName;
+                        final String type = info.registrationType;
+                        final int lostNetId = info.netId;
+                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(name, type);
                         // The network could be null if it was torn down when the service is lost
                         // TODO: avoid returning null in that case, possibly by remembering found
                         // services on the same interface index and their network at the time
                         servInfo.setNetwork(lostNetId == 0 ? null : new Network(lostNetId));
                         clientInfo.onServiceLost(clientId, servInfo);
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED:
-                        /* NNN uniqueId errorCode */
+                    }
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED:
                         clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(
                                 clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_REGISTERED:
-                        /* NNN regId serviceName regType */
-                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(cooked[2], null);
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_REGISTERED: {
+                        final RegistrationInfo info = (RegistrationInfo) obj;
+                        final String name = info.serviceName;
+                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(name, null /* serviceType */);
                         clientInfo.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(clientId, servInfo);
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED:
-                        /* NNN regId errorCode */
+                    }
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED:
                         clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailed(
                                 clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_UPDATED:
-                        /* NNN regId */
-                        break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED:
-                        /* NNN regId errorCode */
-                        break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_RESOLVED:
-                        /* NNN resolveId fullName hostName port txtlen txtdata interfaceIdx */
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_RESOLVED: {
+                        final ResolutionInfo info = (ResolutionInfo) obj;
                         int index = 0;
-                        while (index < cooked[2].length() && cooked[2].charAt(index) != '.') {
-                            if (cooked[2].charAt(index) == '\\') {
+                        final String fullName = info.serviceFullName;
+                        while (index < fullName.length() && fullName.charAt(index) != '.') {
+                            if (fullName.charAt(index) == '\\') {
                                 ++index;
                             }
                             ++index;
                         }
-                        if (index >= cooked[2].length()) {
-                            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid service found " + raw);
+                        if (index >= fullName.length()) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid service found " + fullName);
                             break;
                         }
 
-                        String name = cooked[2].substring(0, index);
-                        String rest = cooked[2].substring(index);
+                        String name = fullName.substring(0, index);
+                        String rest = fullName.substring(index);
                         String type = rest.replace(".local.", "");
 
-                        name = unescape(name);
-
                         clientInfo.mResolvedService.setServiceName(name);
                         clientInfo.mResolvedService.setServiceType(type);
-                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setPort(Integer.parseInt(cooked[4]));
-                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setTxtRecords(cooked[6]);
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setPort(info.port);
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setTxtRecords(info.txtRecord);
                         // Network will be added after SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS
 
                         stopResolveService(id);
                         removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
 
-                        int id2 = getUniqueId();
-                        if (getAddrInfo(id2, cooked[3], cooked[7] /* interfaceIdx */)) {
+                        final int id2 = getUniqueId();
+                        if (getAddrInfo(id2, info.hostname, info.interfaceIdx)) {
                             storeRequestMap(clientId, id2, clientInfo, NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE);
                         } else {
                             clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
@@ -530,7 +535,8 @@
                             clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
                         }
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED:
+                    }
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED:
                         /* NNN resolveId errorCode */
                         stopResolveService(id);
                         removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
@@ -538,7 +544,7 @@
                         clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
                                 clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED:
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED:
                         /* NNN resolveId errorCode */
                         stopGetAddrInfo(id);
                         removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
@@ -546,19 +552,15 @@
                         clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
                                 clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                         break;
-                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS:
+                    case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS: {
                         /* NNN resolveId hostname ttl addr interfaceIdx netId */
-                        Network network = null;
-                        try {
-                            final int netId = Integer.parseInt(cooked[6]);
-                            network = netId == 0L ? null : new Network(netId);
-                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid network in GET_ADDR_SUCCESS: " + cooked[6], e);
-                        }
-
+                        final GetAddressInfo info = (GetAddressInfo) obj;
+                        final String address = info.address;
+                        final int netId = info.netId;
+                        final Network network = netId == NETID_UNSET ? null : new Network(netId);
                         InetAddress serviceHost = null;
                         try {
-                            serviceHost = InetAddress.getByName(cooked[4]);
+                            serviceHost = InetAddress.getByName(address);
                         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                             Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid host in GET_ADDR_SUCCESS", e);
                         }
@@ -579,6 +581,7 @@
                         removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
                         clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
                         break;
+                    }
                     default:
                         return false;
                 }
@@ -587,50 +590,66 @@
        }
     }
 
-    private String unescape(String s) {
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s.length());
-        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
-            char c = s.charAt(i);
-            if (c == '\\') {
-                if (++i >= s.length()) {
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected end of escape sequence in: " + s);
-                    break;
-                }
-                c = s.charAt(i);
-                if (c != '.' && c != '\\') {
-                    if (i + 2 >= s.length()) {
-                        Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected end of escape sequence in: " + s);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    c = (char) ((c-'0') * 100 + (s.charAt(i+1)-'0') * 10 + (s.charAt(i+2)-'0'));
-                    i += 2;
-                }
-            }
-            sb.append(c);
-        }
-        return sb.toString();
-    }
-
     @VisibleForTesting
-    NsdService(Context ctx, Handler handler, DaemonConnectionSupplier fn, long cleanupDelayMs) {
+    NsdService(Context ctx, Handler handler, long cleanupDelayMs) {
         mCleanupDelayMs = cleanupDelayMs;
         mContext = ctx;
         mNsdStateMachine = new NsdStateMachine(TAG, handler);
         mNsdStateMachine.start();
-        mDaemonCallback = new NativeCallbackReceiver();
-        mDaemon = fn.get(mDaemonCallback);
+        mMDnsManager = ctx.getSystemService(MDnsManager.class);
+        mMDnsEventCallback = new MDnsEventCallback(mNsdStateMachine);
     }
 
     public static NsdService create(Context context) throws InterruptedException {
         HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
         thread.start();
         Handler handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
-        NsdService service =
-                new NsdService(context, handler, DaemonConnection::new, CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
-        service.mDaemonCallback.awaitConnection();
+        NsdService service = new NsdService(context, handler, CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
         return service;
     }
 
+    private static class MDnsEventCallback extends IMDnsEventListener.Stub {
+        private final StateMachine mStateMachine;
+
+        MDnsEventCallback(StateMachine sm) {
+            mStateMachine = sm;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceRegistrationStatus(final RegistrationInfo status) {
+            mStateMachine.sendMessage(
+                    MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT, status.result, status.id, status);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceDiscoveryStatus(final DiscoveryInfo status) {
+            mStateMachine.sendMessage(
+                    MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT, status.result, status.id, status);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceResolutionStatus(final ResolutionInfo status) {
+            mStateMachine.sendMessage(
+                    MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT, status.result, status.id, status);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onGettingServiceAddressStatus(final GetAddressInfo status) {
+            mStateMachine.sendMessage(
+                    MDNS_SERVICE_EVENT, status.result, status.id, status);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getInterfaceVersion() throws RemoteException {
+            return this.VERSION;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getInterfaceHash() throws RemoteException {
+            return this.HASH;
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public INsdServiceConnector connect(INsdManagerCallback cb) {
         mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET, "NsdService");
@@ -711,140 +730,6 @@
         return mUniqueId;
     }
 
-    /* These should be in sync with system/netd/server/ResponseCode.h */
-    static final class NativeResponseCode {
-        public static final int SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED    =   602;
-        public static final int SERVICE_FOUND               =   603;
-        public static final int SERVICE_LOST                =   604;
-
-        public static final int SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED =   605;
-        public static final int SERVICE_REGISTERED          =   606;
-
-        public static final int SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED   =   607;
-        public static final int SERVICE_RESOLVED            =   608;
-
-        public static final int SERVICE_UPDATED             =   609;
-        public static final int SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED       =   610;
-
-        public static final int SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED     =   611;
-        public static final int SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS    =   612;
-
-        private static final SparseArray<String> CODE_NAMES = new SparseArray<>();
-        static {
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED, "SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_FOUND, "SERVICE_FOUND");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_LOST, "SERVICE_LOST");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED, "SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_REGISTERED, "SERVICE_REGISTERED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED, "SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_RESOLVED, "SERVICE_RESOLVED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_UPDATED, "SERVICE_UPDATED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED, "SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED, "SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED");
-            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS, "SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS");
-        }
-
-        static String nameOf(int code) {
-            String name = CODE_NAMES.get(code);
-            if (name == null) {
-                return Integer.toString(code);
-            }
-            return name;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private class NativeEvent {
-        final int code;
-        final String raw;
-        final String[] cooked;
-
-        NativeEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked) {
-            this.code = code;
-            this.raw = raw;
-            this.cooked = cooked;
-        }
-    }
-
-    class NativeCallbackReceiver implements INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks {
-        private final CountDownLatch connected = new CountDownLatch(1);
-
-        public void awaitConnection() throws InterruptedException {
-            connected.await();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onDaemonConnected() {
-            connected.countDown();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean onCheckHoldWakeLock(int code) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean onEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked) {
-            // TODO: NDC translates a message to a callback, we could enhance NDC to
-            // directly interact with a state machine through messages
-            NativeEvent event = new NativeEvent(code, raw, cooked);
-            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(NsdManager.NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT, event);
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    interface DaemonConnectionSupplier {
-        DaemonConnection get(NativeCallbackReceiver callback);
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public static class DaemonConnection {
-        final NativeDaemonConnector mNativeConnector;
-        boolean mIsStarted = false;
-
-        DaemonConnection(NativeCallbackReceiver callback) {
-            mNativeConnector = new NativeDaemonConnector(callback, "mdns", 10, MDNS_TAG, 25, null);
-            new Thread(mNativeConnector, MDNS_TAG).start();
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Executes the specified cmd on the daemon.
-         */
-        public boolean execute(Object... args) {
-            if (DBG) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "mdnssd " + Arrays.toString(args));
-            }
-            try {
-                mNativeConnector.execute("mdnssd", args);
-            } catch (NativeDaemonConnectorException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to execute mdnssd " + Arrays.toString(args), e);
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Starts the daemon if it is not already started.
-         */
-        public void maybeStart() {
-            if (mIsStarted) {
-                return;
-            }
-            execute("start-service");
-            mIsStarted = true;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Stops the daemon if it is started.
-         */
-        public void maybeStop() {
-            if (!mIsStarted) {
-                return;
-            }
-            execute("stop-service");
-            mIsStarted = false;
-        }
-    }
-
     private boolean registerService(int regId, NsdServiceInfo service) {
         if (DBG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "registerService: " + regId + " " + service);
@@ -853,34 +738,26 @@
         String type = service.getServiceType();
         int port = service.getPort();
         byte[] textRecord = service.getTxtRecord();
-        String record = Base64.encodeToString(textRecord, Base64.DEFAULT).replace("\n", "");
-        return mDaemon.execute("register", regId, name, type, port, record);
+        return mMDnsManager.registerService(regId, name, type, port, textRecord, IFACE_IDX_ANY);
     }
 
     private boolean unregisterService(int regId) {
-        return mDaemon.execute("stop-register", regId);
-    }
-
-    private boolean updateService(int regId, DnsSdTxtRecord t) {
-        if (t == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return mDaemon.execute("update", regId, t.size(), t.getRawData());
+        return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(regId);
     }
 
     private boolean discoverServices(int discoveryId, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
         final Network network = serviceInfo.getNetwork();
+        final String type = serviceInfo.getServiceType();
         final int discoverInterface = getNetworkInterfaceIndex(network);
         if (network != null && discoverInterface == IFACE_IDX_ANY) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Interface to discover service on not found");
             return false;
         }
-        return mDaemon.execute("discover", discoveryId, serviceInfo.getServiceType(),
-                discoverInterface);
+        return mMDnsManager.discover(discoveryId, type, discoverInterface);
     }
 
     private boolean stopServiceDiscovery(int discoveryId) {
-        return mDaemon.execute("stop-discover", discoveryId);
+        return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(discoveryId);
     }
 
     private boolean resolveService(int resolveId, NsdServiceInfo service) {
@@ -892,7 +769,7 @@
             Log.e(TAG, "Interface to resolve service on not found");
             return false;
         }
-        return mDaemon.execute("resolve", resolveId, name, type, "local.", resolveInterface);
+        return mMDnsManager.resolve(resolveId, name, type, "local.", resolveInterface);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -933,16 +810,15 @@
     }
 
     private boolean stopResolveService(int resolveId) {
-        return mDaemon.execute("stop-resolve", resolveId);
+        return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(resolveId);
     }
 
-    private boolean getAddrInfo(int resolveId, String hostname, String interfaceIdx) {
-        // interfaceIdx is always obtained (as string) from the service resolved callback
-        return mDaemon.execute("getaddrinfo", resolveId, hostname, interfaceIdx);
+    private boolean getAddrInfo(int resolveId, String hostname, int interfaceIdx) {
+        return mMDnsManager.getServiceAddress(resolveId, hostname, interfaceIdx);
     }
 
     private boolean stopGetAddrInfo(int resolveId) {
-        return mDaemon.execute("stop-getaddrinfo", resolveId);
+        return mMDnsManager.stopOperation(resolveId);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
index d910629..eb22f78 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
@@ -23,14 +23,13 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
 import android.net.EthernetManager;
-import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException;
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver;
 import android.net.IpConfiguration;
 import android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment;
 import android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
-import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkFactory;
diff --git a/service/jarjar-rules.txt b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
index e90b29b..4b21569 100644
--- a/service/jarjar-rules.txt
+++ b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -108,5 +108,8 @@
 # From filegroup framework-connectivity-protos
 rule android.service.*Proto com.android.connectivity.@0
 
+# From mdns-aidl-interface
+rule android.net.mdns.aidl.** android.net.connectivity.@0
+
 # Remaining are connectivity sources in com.android.server and com.android.server.connectivity:
 # TODO: move to a subpackage of com.android.connectivity (such as com.android.connectivity.server)
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 0528f29..d79bdb8 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -2864,12 +2864,16 @@
     }
 
     private void enforceNetworkFactoryPermission() {
+        // TODO: Check for the BLUETOOTH_STACK permission once that is in the API surface.
+        if (getCallingUid() == Process.BLUETOOTH_UID) return;
         enforceAnyPermissionOf(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
     private void enforceNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission() {
+        // TODO: Check for the BLUETOOTH_STACK permission once that is in the API surface.
+        if (getCallingUid() == Process.BLUETOOTH_UID) return;
         enforceAnyPermissionOf(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY,
@@ -2877,6 +2881,8 @@
     }
 
     private void enforceNetworkFactoryOrTestNetworksPermission() {
+        // TODO: Check for the BLUETOOTH_STACK permission once that is in the API surface.
+        if (getCallingUid() == Process.BLUETOOTH_UID) return;
         enforceAnyPermissionOf(
                 android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY,
@@ -2889,7 +2895,8 @@
                 || PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, pid, uid)
                 || PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
-                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, pid, uid);
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, pid, uid)
+                || uid == Process.BLUETOOTH_UID;
     }
 
     private boolean checkSettingsPermission() {
diff --git a/tests/common/Android.bp b/tests/common/Android.bp
index b23074d..7bb7cb5 100644
--- a/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -43,10 +43,23 @@
     ],
 }
 
-// Connectivity coverage tests combines Tethering and Connectivity tests, each with their
-// respective jarjar rules applied.
-// Some tests may be duplicated (in particular static lib tests), as they need to be run under both
-// jarjared packages to cover both usages.
+// Combine Connectivity, NetworkStack and Tethering jarjar rules for coverage target.
+// The jarjar files are simply concatenated in the order specified in srcs.
+// jarjar stops at the first matching rule, so order of concatenation affects the output.
+genrule {
+    name: "ConnectivityCoverageJarJarRules",
+    srcs: [
+        "tethering-jni-jarjar-rules.txt",
+        ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+        ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
+        ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
+    ],
+    out: ["jarjar-rules-connectivity-coverage.txt"],
+    // Concat files with a line break in the middle
+    cmd: "for src in $(in); do cat $${src}; echo; done > $(out)",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
 android_library {
     name: "ConnectivityCoverageTestsLib",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
@@ -54,8 +67,11 @@
         "FrameworksNetTestsLib",
         "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
         "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
+        "NetworkStackTestsLib",
+        "TetheringTestsLatestSdkLib",
+        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
     ],
-    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    jarjar_rules: ":ConnectivityCoverageJarJarRules",
     manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
     visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
 }
@@ -80,7 +96,6 @@
         "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
         "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
         "ConnectivityCoverageTestsLib",
-        "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
     ],
     jni_libs: [
         // For mockito extended
diff --git a/tests/common/tethering-jni-jarjar-rules.txt b/tests/common/tethering-jni-jarjar-rules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..593ba14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/tethering-jni-jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Match the tethering jarjar rules for utils backed by
+# libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni, so that this JNI library can be used as-is in the
+# test. The alternative would be to build a test-specific JNI library
+# (libcom_android_connectivity_tests_coverage_jni ?) that registers classes following whatever
+# jarjar rules the test is using, but this is a bit less realistic (using a different JNI library),
+# and complicates the test build. It would be necessary if TetheringUtils had a different package
+# name in test code though, as the JNI library name is deducted from the TetheringUtils package.
+rule com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.BpfMap@1
+rule com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.BpfUtils@1
+rule com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TcUtils@1
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index a840242..f460180 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 
     private static final String APP_NOT_FOREGROUND_ERROR = "app_not_fg";
 
-    protected static final long TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS = 5_000; // 5 sec
+    protected static final long TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS = 20_000; // 20 sec
 
     private static final long BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
index 89a9bd6..b6218d2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import android.app.Instrumentation;
 import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.location.LocationManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
@@ -99,6 +100,10 @@
         return mBatterySaverSupported;
     }
 
+    private static boolean isWear() {
+        return getContext().getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WATCH);
+    }
+
     /**
      * As per CDD requirements, if the device doesn't support data saver mode then
      * ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus() will always return
@@ -107,6 +112,9 @@
      * RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED or not.
      */
     public static boolean isDataSaverSupported() {
+        if (isWear()) {
+            return false;
+        }
         if (mDataSaverSupported == null) {
             assertMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
             try {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
index 9fa146f..0c4c370 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
@@ -20,14 +20,18 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
+import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.IKE_PARAMS;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallbackKt.anyNetwork;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
@@ -46,6 +50,7 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
@@ -55,8 +60,10 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.Ikev2VpnProfileShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.Ikev2VpnProfileShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
@@ -64,6 +71,7 @@
 
 import org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
 import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -85,7 +93,8 @@
 @AppModeFull(reason = "Appops state changes disallowed for instant apps (OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN)")
 public class Ikev2VpnTest {
     private static final String TAG = Ikev2VpnTest.class.getSimpleName();
-
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
     // Test vectors for IKE negotiation in test mode.
     private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V4 =
             "46b8eca1e0d72a18b2b5d9006d47a0022120222000000000000002d0220000300000002c01010004030000"
@@ -204,51 +213,55 @@
         }, Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
     }
 
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(@NonNull Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder,
-            boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(
+            @NonNull Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShim builderShim, boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
             boolean requiresValidation) throws Exception {
-        if (isRestrictedToTestNetworks) {
-            builder.restrictToTestNetworks();
-        }
 
-        builder.setBypassable(true)
+        builderShim.setBypassable(true)
                 .setAllowedAlgorithms(TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS)
                 .setProxy(TEST_PROXY_INFO)
                 .setMaxMtu(TEST_MTU)
                 .setMetered(false);
         if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
-            Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl.newInstance().setRequiresInternetValidation(
-                    builder, requiresValidation);
+            builderShim.setRequiresInternetValidation(requiresValidation);
         }
+
+        // Convert shim back to Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder since restrictToTestNetworks is a hidden
+        // method and does not defined in shims.
+        // TODO: replace it in alternative way to remove the hidden method usage
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = (Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder) builderShim.getBuilder();
+        if (isRestrictedToTestNetworks) {
+            builder.restrictToTestNetworks();
+        }
+
         return builder.build();
     }
 
     private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(@NonNull String remote,
             boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks, boolean requiresValidation) throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(remote, TEST_IDENTITY).setAuthPsk(TEST_PSK);
-
+        final Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShim builder =
+                Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl.newInstance(remote, TEST_IDENTITY, null)
+                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_PSK);
         return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
                 requiresValidation);
     }
 
     private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
             throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthUsernamePassword(TEST_USER, TEST_PASSWORD, mServerRootCa);
 
+        final Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShim builder =
+                Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl.newInstance(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY, null)
+                        .setAuthUsernamePassword(TEST_USER, TEST_PASSWORD, mServerRootCa);
         return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
                 false /* requiresValidation */);
     }
 
     private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
             throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY)
+        final Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShim builder =
+                Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl.newInstance(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY, null)
                         .setAuthDigitalSignature(
                                 mUserCertKey.cert, mUserCertKey.key, mServerRootCa);
-
         return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
                 false /* requiresValidation */);
     }
@@ -279,18 +292,42 @@
         assertNull(profile.getServerRootCaCert());
         assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
         assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
-        final Ikev2VpnProfileShim<Ikev2VpnProfile> shim = Ikev2VpnProfileShimImpl.newInstance();
+        final Ikev2VpnProfileShim<Ikev2VpnProfile> shim = new Ikev2VpnProfileShimImpl(profile);
         if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
-            assertEquals(requiresValidation, shim.isInternetValidationRequired(profile));
+            assertEquals(requiresValidation, shim.isInternetValidationRequired());
         } else {
             try {
-                shim.isInternetValidationRequired(profile);
+                shim.isInternetValidationRequired();
                 fail("Only supported from API level 33");
             } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException expected) {
             }
         }
     }
 
+    @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfileWithIkeTunnelConnectionParams() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis());
+
+        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams expectedParams =
+                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS, CHILD_PARAMS);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShim ikeProfileBuilder =
+                Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl.newInstance(null, null, expectedParams);
+        // Verify the other Ike options could not be set with IkeTunnelConnectionParams.
+        final Class<IllegalArgumentException> expected = IllegalArgumentException.class;
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> ikeProfileBuilder.setAuthPsk(TEST_PSK));
+        assertThrows(expected, () ->
+                ikeProfileBuilder.setAuthUsernamePassword(TEST_USER, TEST_PASSWORD, mServerRootCa));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> ikeProfileBuilder.setAuthDigitalSignature(
+                mUserCertKey.cert, mUserCertKey.key, mServerRootCa));
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = (Ikev2VpnProfile) ikeProfileBuilder.build().getProfile();
+
+        assertEquals(expectedParams,
+                new Ikev2VpnProfileShimImpl(profile).getIkeTunnelConnectionParams());
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk() throws Exception {
         doTestBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(true /* requiresValidation */);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/IkeSessionTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/IkeSessionTestUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4ebcdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/IkeSessionTestUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.util;
+
+import static android.net.ipsec.ike.SaProposal.KEY_LEN_AES_128;
+import static android.net.ipsec.ike.SaProposal.KEY_LEN_UNUSED;
+
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.ChildSaProposal;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeFqdnIdentification;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSaProposal;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.SaProposal;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.TunnelModeChildSessionParams;
+
+/** Shared testing parameters and util methods for testing IKE */
+public class IkeSessionTestUtils {
+    private static final String TEST_CLIENT_ADDR = "test.client.com";
+    private static final String TEST_SERVER_ADDR = "test.server.com";
+    private static final String TEST_SERVER = "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
+
+    public static final IkeSaProposal SA_PROPOSAL = new IkeSaProposal.Builder()
+            .addEncryptionAlgorithm(SaProposal.ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM_3DES, KEY_LEN_UNUSED)
+            .addIntegrityAlgorithm(SaProposal.INTEGRITY_ALGORITHM_HMAC_SHA1_96)
+            .addPseudorandomFunction(SaProposal.PSEUDORANDOM_FUNCTION_AES128_XCBC)
+            .addDhGroup(SaProposal.DH_GROUP_1024_BIT_MODP)
+            .build();
+    public static final ChildSaProposal CHILD_PROPOSAL = new ChildSaProposal.Builder()
+            .addEncryptionAlgorithm(SaProposal.ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM_AES_CBC, KEY_LEN_AES_128)
+            .addIntegrityAlgorithm(SaProposal.INTEGRITY_ALGORITHM_NONE)
+            .addDhGroup(SaProposal.DH_GROUP_1024_BIT_MODP)
+            .build();
+
+    public static final IkeSessionParams IKE_PARAMS =
+            new IkeSessionParams.Builder()
+                    .setServerHostname(TEST_SERVER)
+                    .addSaProposal(SA_PROPOSAL)
+                    .setLocalIdentification(new IkeFqdnIdentification(TEST_CLIENT_ADDR))
+                    .setRemoteIdentification(new IkeFqdnIdentification(TEST_SERVER_ADDR))
+                    .setAuthPsk("psk".getBytes())
+                    .build();
+    public static final TunnelModeChildSessionParams CHILD_PARAMS =
+            new TunnelModeChildSessionParams.Builder()
+                    .addSaProposal(CHILD_PROPOSAL)
+                    .build();
+}
diff --git a/tests/native/Android.bp b/tests/native/Android.bp
index cd438f6..9c286d8 100644
--- a/tests/native/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/native/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "connectivity_native_test",
     test_suites: [
diff --git a/tests/native/OWNERS b/tests/native/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dfa455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/native/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 31808
+set noparent
+file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:master:/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
diff --git a/tests/unit/Android.bp b/tests/unit/Android.bp
index c27c973..4c63cba 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@
         "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
         "services.core-vpn",
+        "cts-net-utils"
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.net.ipsec.ike.stubs.module_lib",
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
index 8559c20..8222ca1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
+import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.IKE_PARAMS;
+
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.test.mock.MockContext;
 
@@ -441,6 +445,33 @@
         assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testConversionIsLosslessWithIkeTunConnParams() throws Exception {
+        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
+                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS, CHILD_PARAMS);
+        // Config authentication related fields is not required while building with
+        // IkeTunnelConnectionParams.
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams).build();
+        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() throws Exception {
+        // Verify building without IkeTunnelConnectionParams
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
+        assertEquals(builder.build(), builder.build());
+
+        // Verify building with IkeTunnelConnectionParams
+        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
+                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS, CHILD_PARAMS);
+        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams2 =
+                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS, CHILD_PARAMS);
+        assertEquals(new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams).build(),
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams2).build());
+    }
+
+
     private static class CertificateAndKey {
         public final X509Certificate cert;
         public final PrivateKey key;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
index 943a559..360390d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.internal.net;
 
+import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
+import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.IKE_PARAMS;
+
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
 import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
 
@@ -26,6 +29,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
 import android.os.Build;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
@@ -85,7 +89,8 @@
 
     private VpnProfile getSampleIkev2Profile(String key) {
         final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(key, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */,
-                false /* excludesLocalRoutes */, true /* requiresPlatformValidation */);
+                false /* excludesLocalRoutes */, true /* requiresPlatformValidation */,
+                null /* ikeTunConnParams */);
 
         p.name = "foo";
         p.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_USER_PASS;
@@ -120,6 +125,35 @@
         return p;
     }
 
+    private VpnProfile getSampleIkev2ProfileWithIkeTunConnParams(String key) {
+        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(key, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */,
+                false /* excludesLocalRoutes */, true /* requiresPlatformValidation */,
+                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS, CHILD_PARAMS));
+
+        p.name = "foo";
+        p.server = "bar";
+        p.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
+        p.searchDomains = "";
+        p.routes = "0.0.0.0/0";
+        p.mppe = false;
+        p.proxy = null;
+        p.setAllowedAlgorithms(
+                Arrays.asList(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC));
+        p.isBypassable = true;
+        p.isMetered = true;
+        p.maxMtu = 1350;
+        p.areAuthParamsInline = true;
+
+        // Not saved, but also not compared.
+        p.saveLogin = true;
+
+        return p;
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testEquals() {
         assertEquals(
@@ -134,13 +168,21 @@
     public void testParcelUnparcel() {
         if (isAtLeastT()) {
             // excludeLocalRoutes, requiresPlatformValidation were added in T.
-            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 25);
+            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 26);
+            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2ProfileWithIkeTunConnParams(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 26);
         } else {
             assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 23);
         }
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeWithIkeTunConnParams() {
+        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2ProfileWithIkeTunConnParams(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, profile.encode());
+        assertEquals(profile, decoded);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testEncodeDecode() {
         final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
         final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, profile.encode());
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
index 5086943..3c228d0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@
 import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.DisableCompatChanges;
 import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.EnableCompatChanges;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
+import android.net.nsd.MDnsManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
 import android.os.Binder;
@@ -49,9 +52,6 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
-import com.android.server.NsdService.DaemonConnection;
-import com.android.server.NsdService.DaemonConnectionSupplier;
-import com.android.server.NsdService.NativeCallbackReceiver;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
@@ -63,10 +63,8 @@
 import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-import org.mockito.Spy;
 
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.Queue;
@@ -92,8 +90,7 @@
     public TestRule compatChangeRule = new PlatformCompatChangeRule();
     @Mock Context mContext;
     @Mock ContentResolver mResolver;
-    NativeCallbackReceiver mDaemonCallback;
-    @Spy DaemonConnection mDaemon = new DaemonConnection(mDaemonCallback);
+    @Mock MDnsManager mMockMDnsM;
     HandlerThread mThread;
     TestHandler mHandler;
 
@@ -112,9 +109,17 @@
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         mThread = new HandlerThread("mock-service-handler");
         mThread.start();
-        doReturn(true).when(mDaemon).execute(any());
         mHandler = new TestHandler(mThread.getLooper());
         when(mContext.getContentResolver()).thenReturn(mResolver);
+        doReturn(MDnsManager.MDNS_SERVICE).when(mContext)
+                .getSystemServiceName(MDnsManager.class);
+        doReturn(mMockMDnsM).when(mContext).getSystemService(MDnsManager.MDNS_SERVICE);
+        doReturn(true).when(mMockMDnsM).registerService(
+                anyInt(), anyString(), anyString(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt());
+        doReturn(true).when(mMockMDnsM).stopOperation(anyInt());
+        doReturn(true).when(mMockMDnsM).discover(anyInt(), anyString(), anyInt());
+        doReturn(true).when(mMockMDnsM).resolve(
+                anyInt(), anyString(), anyString(), anyString(), anyInt());
     }
 
     @After
@@ -135,24 +140,25 @@
         waitForIdle();
         final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
         final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient1 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
-        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
-        verifyDaemonCommands("start-service");
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).registerEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).startDaemon();
 
         connectClient(service);
         waitForIdle();
         final INsdManagerCallback cb2 = getCallback();
         final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient2 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb2);
-        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+        // Daemon has been started, it should not try to start it again.
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).registerEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).startDaemon();
 
         deathRecipient1.binderDied();
         // Still 1 client remains, daemon shouldn't be stopped.
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mDaemon, never()).maybeStop();
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).stopDaemon();
 
         deathRecipient2.binderDied();
         // All clients are disconnected, the daemon should be stopped.
         verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
-        verifyDaemonCommands("stop-service");
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -160,28 +166,30 @@
     public void testNoDaemonStartedWhenClientsConnect() throws Exception {
         final NsdService service = makeService();
 
-        // Creating an NsdManager will not cause any cmds executed, which means
-        // no daemon is started.
+        // Creating an NsdManager will not cause daemon startup.
         connectClient(service);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).registerEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).startDaemon();
         final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
         final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient1 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
 
-        // Creating another NsdManager will not cause any cmds executed.
+        // Creating another NsdManager will not cause daemon startup either.
         connectClient(service);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).registerEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).startDaemon();
         final INsdManagerCallback cb2 = getCallback();
         final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient2 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb2);
 
-        // If there is no active request, try to clean up the daemon
-        // every time the client disconnects.
+        // If there is no active request, try to clean up the daemon but should not do it because
+        // daemon has not been started.
         deathRecipient1.binderDied();
-        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
-        reset(mDaemon);
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).unregisterEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).stopDaemon();
         deathRecipient2.binderDied();
-        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).unregisterEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).stopDaemon();
     }
 
     private IBinder.DeathRecipient verifyLinkToDeath(INsdManagerCallback cb)
@@ -200,8 +208,8 @@
         waitForIdle();
         final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
         final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
-        verify(mDaemon, never()).maybeStart();
-        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).registerEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).startDaemon();
 
         NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
         request.setPort(2201);
@@ -210,29 +218,31 @@
         NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
         client.registerService(request, PROTOCOL, listener1);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
-        verifyDaemonCommands("start-service", "register 2 a_name a_type 2201");
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).registerEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).startDaemon();
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).registerService(
+                eq(2), eq("a_name"), eq("a_type"), eq(2201), any(), eq(0));
 
         // Client discovery request
         NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener2 = mock(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
         client.discoverServices("a_type", PROTOCOL, listener2);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
-        verifyDaemonCommand("discover 3 a_type 0");
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).discover(eq(3), eq("a_type"), eq(0));
 
         // Client resolve request
         NsdManager.ResolveListener listener3 = mock(NsdManager.ResolveListener.class);
         client.resolveService(request, listener3);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
-        verifyDaemonCommand("resolve 4 a_name a_type local. 0");
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).resolve(
+                eq(4), eq("a_name"), eq("a_type"), eq("local."), eq(0));
 
         // Client disconnects, stop the daemon after CLEANUP_DELAY_MS.
         deathRecipient.binderDied();
         verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
         // checks that request are cleaned
-        verifyDaemonCommands("stop-register 2", "stop-discover 3",
-                "stop-resolve 4", "stop-service");
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).stopOperation(eq(2));
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).stopOperation(eq(3));
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).stopOperation(eq(4));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -246,20 +256,23 @@
         NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
         client.registerService(request, PROTOCOL, listener1);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).registerEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).startDaemon();
         final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
         final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
-        verifyDaemonCommands("start-service", "register 2 a_name a_type 2201");
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).registerService(
+                eq(2), eq("a_name"), eq("a_type"), eq(2201), any(), eq(0));
 
         client.unregisterService(listener1);
-        verifyDaemonCommand("stop-register 2");
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, times(1)).stopOperation(eq(2));
 
         verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
-        verifyDaemonCommand("stop-service");
-        reset(mDaemon);
+        reset(mMockMDnsM);
         deathRecipient.binderDied();
-        // Client disconnects, after CLEANUP_DELAY_MS, maybeStop the daemon.
-        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+        // Client disconnects, daemon should not be stopped after CLEANUP_DELAY_MS.
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).unregisterEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).stopDaemon();
     }
 
     private void waitForIdle() {
@@ -267,11 +280,7 @@
     }
 
     NsdService makeService() {
-        DaemonConnectionSupplier supplier = (callback) -> {
-            mDaemonCallback = callback;
-            return mDaemon;
-        };
-        final NsdService service = new NsdService(mContext, mHandler, supplier, CLEANUP_DELAY_MS) {
+        final NsdService service = new NsdService(mContext, mHandler, CLEANUP_DELAY_MS) {
             @Override
             public INsdServiceConnector connect(INsdManagerCallback baseCb) {
                 // Wrap the callback in a transparent mock, to mock asBinder returning a
@@ -285,7 +294,6 @@
                 return super.connect(cb);
             }
         };
-        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any(String.class));
         return service;
     }
 
@@ -297,34 +305,15 @@
         return new NsdManager(mContext, service);
     }
 
-    void verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(long cleanupDelayMs) {
+    void verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(long cleanupDelayMs) throws Exception {
         waitForIdle();
         // Stop daemon shouldn't be called immediately.
-        verify(mDaemon, never()).maybeStop();
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).unregisterEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, never()).stopDaemon();
+
         // Clean up the daemon after CLEANUP_DELAY_MS.
-        verify(mDaemon, timeout(cleanupDelayMs + TIMEOUT_MS)).maybeStop();
-    }
-
-    void verifyDaemonCommands(String... wants) {
-        verifyDaemonCommand(String.join(" ", wants), wants.length);
-    }
-
-    void verifyDaemonCommand(String want) {
-        verifyDaemonCommand(want, 1);
-    }
-
-    void verifyDaemonCommand(String want, int n) {
-        waitForIdle();
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Object> argumentsCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Object.class);
-        verify(mDaemon, times(n)).execute(argumentsCaptor.capture());
-        String got = "";
-        for (Object o : argumentsCaptor.getAllValues()) {
-            got += o + " ";
-        }
-        assertEquals(want, got.trim());
-        // rearm deamon for next command verification
-        reset(mDaemon);
-        doReturn(true).when(mDaemon).execute(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, timeout(cleanupDelayMs + TIMEOUT_MS)).unregisterEventListener(any());
+        verify(mMockMDnsM, timeout(cleanupDelayMs + TIMEOUT_MS)).stopDaemon();
     }
 
     public static class TestHandler extends Handler {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
index 4d3e4d3..dfb4fcc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactoryTest.java
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException;
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver;
 import android.net.IpConfiguration;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
@@ -59,14 +59,11 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
-import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -79,6 +76,7 @@
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@@ -362,7 +360,7 @@
 
         assertFalse(ret);
         verifyNoStopOrStart();
-        listener.expectOnErrorWithMessage("can't be updated as it is not available");
+        listener.expectOnError();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -376,7 +374,7 @@
 
         assertFalse(ret);
         verifyNoStopOrStart();
-        listener.expectOnErrorWithMessage("No changes");
+        listener.expectOnError();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -626,8 +624,6 @@
     private static final class TestNetworkManagementListener
             implements INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver {
         private final CompletableFuture<String> mResult = new CompletableFuture<>();
-        private final CompletableFuture<EthernetNetworkManagementException> mError =
-                new CompletableFuture<>();
 
         @Override
         public void onResult(@NonNull String iface) {
@@ -636,19 +632,21 @@
 
         @Override
         public void onError(@NonNull EthernetNetworkManagementException exception) {
-            mError.complete(exception);
+            mResult.completeExceptionally(exception);
         }
 
         String expectOnResult() throws Exception {
             return mResult.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         }
 
-        EthernetNetworkManagementException expectOnError() throws Exception {
-            return mError.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-        }
-
-        void expectOnErrorWithMessage(String msg) throws Exception {
-            assertTrue(expectOnError().getMessage().contains(msg));
+        void expectOnError() throws Exception {
+            assertThrows(EthernetNetworkManagementException.class, () -> {
+                try {
+                    mResult.get();
+                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+                    throw e.getCause();
+                }
+            });
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -723,7 +721,7 @@
         mNetFactory.updateInterface(iface, ipConfiguration, capabilities, failedListener);
         interruptingRunnable.run();
 
-        failedListener.expectOnErrorWithMessage("aborted");
+        failedListener.expectOnError();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -754,7 +752,7 @@
         mNetFactory.updateInterface(TEST_IFACE, ipConfiguration, capabilities, listener);
 
         verifyNoStopOrStart();
-        listener.expectOnErrorWithMessage("can't be updated as it is not available");
+        listener.expectOnError();
     }
 
     @Test