diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index bcf5e8b..94adc5b 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -414,6 +414,15 @@
           "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
         }
       ]
+    },
+    // TODO: upgrade to presubmit. Postsubmit on virtual devices to monitor flakiness only.
+    {
+      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
     }
   ],
   "imports": [
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
index 33761dc..31924f0 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 java_test_helper_library {
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
     sdk_version: "current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     srcs: [
         "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.aidl",
         "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.java",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
index 798cf98..40cabc4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
         "general-tests",
         "sts",
     ],
-    min_sdk_version: "31",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
 
 android_test_helper_app {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index 2db1db5..d7631eb 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_EXPORTED;
 import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
-import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 import static com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS_INT;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
@@ -892,7 +891,7 @@
                 entry -> entry.getCaps().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testChangeUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
@@ -997,6 +996,13 @@
                             FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND));
             otherUidCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(defaultNetwork, false /* suspended */,
                     true /* validated */, isOtherUidBlocked, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } else {
+            // R does not have per-UID callback or system default callback APIs, and sends an
+            // additional CAP_CHANGED callback.
+            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(myUidCallback);
+            myUidCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(defaultNetwork, false /* suspended */,
+                    true /* validated */, false /* blocked */, TIMEOUT_MS);
+            myUidCallback.expect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, defaultNetwork);
         }
 
         FileDescriptor fd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
@@ -1138,12 +1144,12 @@
         return null;
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)  // Automatic keepalives were added in U.
     public void testAutomaticOnOffKeepaliveModeNoClose() throws Exception {
         doTestAutomaticOnOffKeepaliveMode(false);
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)  // Automatic keepalives were added in U.
     public void testAutomaticOnOffKeepaliveModeClose() throws Exception {
         doTestAutomaticOnOffKeepaliveMode(true);
     }
@@ -1709,7 +1715,8 @@
     }
 
     private void maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(Network network) {
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastS());
+        // VpnTransportInfo was only added in S.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) return;
         final NetworkCapabilities vpnNc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
         assertTrue(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
         final TransportInfo ti = vpnNc.getTransportInfo();
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
index 3dde3ff..cb55c7b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
@@ -36,5 +36,5 @@
         "sts",
     ],
     sdk_version: "test_current",
-    min_sdk_version: "31",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp
index 333195c..79ad2e2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/networkslicingtestapp/Android.bp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
         "general-tests",
         "sts",
     ],
-    min_sdk_version: "31",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
 
 android_test_helper_app {