diff --git a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index cb31404..d8a97de 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 import android.os.ServiceManager;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
-import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
@@ -808,7 +807,7 @@
 
     private INetworkManagementService mNMService;
     private INetworkPolicyManager mNPManager;
-    private TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
+    private final TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
 
     /**
      * Tests if a given integer represents a valid network type.
@@ -1279,7 +1278,8 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(int userId) {
         try {
-            return mService.getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(userId);
+            return mService.getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
+                    userId, mContext.getOpPackageName());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -1361,7 +1361,7 @@
     @Nullable
     public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable Network network) {
         try {
-            return mService.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            return mService.getNetworkCapabilities(network, mContext.getOpPackageName());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -2274,6 +2274,7 @@
     public ConnectivityManager(Context context, IConnectivityManager service) {
         mContext = Preconditions.checkNotNull(context, "missing context");
         mService = Preconditions.checkNotNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
+        mTetheringManager = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
         sInstance = this;
     }
 
@@ -2347,28 +2348,6 @@
         return getInstanceOrNull();
     }
 
-    private static final int TETHERING_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
-    private final Object mTetheringLock = new Object();
-
-    private TetheringManager getTetheringManager() {
-        synchronized (mTetheringLock) {
-            if (mTetheringManager != null) {
-                return mTetheringManager;
-            }
-            final long before = System.currentTimeMillis();
-            while ((mTetheringManager = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(
-                    Context.TETHERING_SERVICE)) == null) {
-                if (System.currentTimeMillis() - before > TETHERING_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Timeout waiting tethering service not ready yet");
-                    throw new IllegalStateException("No tethering service yet");
-                }
-                SystemClock.sleep(100);
-            }
-
-            return mTetheringManager;
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the set of tetherable, available interfaces.  This list is limited by
      * device configuration and current interface existence.
@@ -2382,7 +2361,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public String[] getTetherableIfaces() {
-        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableIfaces();
+        return mTetheringManager.getTetherableIfaces();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2397,7 +2376,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public String[] getTetheredIfaces() {
-        return getTetheringManager().getTetheredIfaces();
+        return mTetheringManager.getTetheredIfaces();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2418,20 +2397,20 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public String[] getTetheringErroredIfaces() {
-        return getTetheringManager().getTetheringErroredIfaces();
+        return mTetheringManager.getTetheringErroredIfaces();
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the set of tethered dhcp ranges.
      *
-     * @return an array of 0 or more {@code String} of tethered dhcp ranges.
-     * @deprecated This API just return the default value which is not used in DhcpServer.
+     * @deprecated This method is not supported.
+     * TODO: remove this function when all of clients are removed.
      * {@hide}
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS)
     @Deprecated
     public String[] getTetheredDhcpRanges() {
-        return getTetheringManager().getTetheredDhcpRanges();
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getTetheredDhcpRanges is not supported");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2462,7 +2441,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public int tether(String iface) {
-        return getTetheringManager().tether(iface);
+        return mTetheringManager.tether(iface);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2486,7 +2465,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public int untether(String iface) {
-        return getTetheringManager().untether(iface);
+        return mTetheringManager.untether(iface);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2512,7 +2491,7 @@
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
             android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS})
     public boolean isTetheringSupported() {
-        return getTetheringManager().isTetheringSupported();
+        return mTetheringManager.isTetheringSupported();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2605,7 +2584,7 @@
         final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type)
                 .setSilentProvisioning(!showProvisioningUi).build();
 
-        getTetheringManager().startTethering(request, executor, tetheringCallback);
+        mTetheringManager.startTethering(request, executor, tetheringCallback);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2624,7 +2603,7 @@
     @Deprecated
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
     public void stopTethering(int type) {
-        getTetheringManager().stopTethering(type);
+        mTetheringManager.stopTethering(type);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2682,7 +2661,7 @@
 
         synchronized (mTetheringEventCallbacks) {
             mTetheringEventCallbacks.put(callback, tetherCallback);
-            getTetheringManager().registerTetheringEventCallback(executor, tetherCallback);
+            mTetheringManager.registerTetheringEventCallback(executor, tetherCallback);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2704,7 +2683,7 @@
         synchronized (mTetheringEventCallbacks) {
             final TetheringEventCallback tetherCallback =
                     mTetheringEventCallbacks.remove(callback);
-            getTetheringManager().unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherCallback);
+            mTetheringManager.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherCallback);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2724,7 +2703,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public String[] getTetherableUsbRegexs() {
-        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableUsbRegexs();
+        return mTetheringManager.getTetherableUsbRegexs();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2742,7 +2721,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public String[] getTetherableWifiRegexs() {
-        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+        return mTetheringManager.getTetherableWifiRegexs();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2761,7 +2740,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public String[] getTetherableBluetoothRegexs() {
-        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
+        return mTetheringManager.getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2785,7 +2764,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public int setUsbTethering(boolean enable) {
-        return getTetheringManager().setUsbTethering(enable);
+        return mTetheringManager.setUsbTethering(enable);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2902,7 +2881,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Deprecated
     public int getLastTetherError(String iface) {
-        return getTetheringManager().getLastTetherError(iface);
+        return mTetheringManager.getLastTetherError(iface);
     }
 
     /** @hide */
@@ -2973,7 +2952,7 @@
             }
         };
 
-        getTetheringManager().requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(type, wrappedListener,
+        mTetheringManager.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(type, wrappedListener,
                     showEntitlementUi);
     }
 
@@ -3243,7 +3222,9 @@
 
     /** {@hide} - returns the factory serial number */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
     public int registerNetworkFactory(Messenger messenger, String name) {
         try {
             return mService.registerNetworkFactory(messenger, name);
@@ -3254,7 +3235,9 @@
 
     /** {@hide} */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
-    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
     public void unregisterNetworkFactory(Messenger messenger) {
         try {
             mService.unregisterNetworkFactory(messenger);
@@ -3274,7 +3257,9 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi
-    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
     public int registerNetworkProvider(@NonNull NetworkProvider provider) {
         if (provider.getProviderId() != NetworkProvider.ID_NONE) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("NetworkProviders can only be registered once");
@@ -3297,7 +3282,9 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi
-    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
     public void unregisterNetworkProvider(@NonNull NetworkProvider provider) {
         try {
             mService.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider.getMessenger());
@@ -3309,7 +3296,9 @@
 
 
     /** @hide exposed via the NetworkProvider class. */
-    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
     public void declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
         try {
             mService.declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(request);
@@ -3327,7 +3316,9 @@
      * Register a NetworkAgent with ConnectivityService.
      * @return Network corresponding to NetworkAgent.
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
     public Network registerNetworkAgent(Messenger messenger, NetworkInfo ni, LinkProperties lp,
             NetworkCapabilities nc, int score, NetworkAgentConfig config) {
         return registerNetworkAgent(messenger, ni, lp, nc, score, config, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE);
@@ -3338,9 +3329,12 @@
      * Register a NetworkAgent with ConnectivityService.
      * @return Network corresponding to NetworkAgent.
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
     public Network registerNetworkAgent(Messenger messenger, NetworkInfo ni, LinkProperties lp,
             NetworkCapabilities nc, int score, NetworkAgentConfig config, int providerId) {
+
         try {
             return mService.registerNetworkAgent(messenger, ni, lp, nc, score, config, providerId);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -4035,10 +4029,9 @@
             @NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
         printStackTrace();
         checkPendingIntentNotNull(operation);
-        final String callingPackageName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         try {
             mService.pendingRequestForNetwork(
-                    request.networkCapabilities, operation, callingPackageName);
+                    request.networkCapabilities, operation, mContext.getOpPackageName());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
@@ -4150,10 +4143,9 @@
             @NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
         printStackTrace();
         checkPendingIntentNotNull(operation);
-        final String callingPackageName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         try {
             mService.pendingListenForNetwork(
-                    request.networkCapabilities, operation, callingPackageName);
+                    request.networkCapabilities, operation, mContext.getOpPackageName());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
@@ -4470,7 +4462,7 @@
     public void factoryReset() {
         try {
             mService.factoryReset();
-            getTetheringManager().stopAllTethering();
+            mTetheringManager.stopAllTethering();
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -4716,19 +4708,19 @@
     /**
      * Returns the {@code uid} of the owner of a network connection.
      *
-     * @param protocol The protocol of the connection. Only {@code IPPROTO_TCP} and
-     * {@code IPPROTO_UDP} currently supported.
+     * @param protocol The protocol of the connection. Only {@code IPPROTO_TCP} and {@code
+     *     IPPROTO_UDP} currently supported.
      * @param local The local {@link InetSocketAddress} of a connection.
      * @param remote The remote {@link InetSocketAddress} of a connection.
-     *
      * @return {@code uid} if the connection is found and the app has permission to observe it
-     * (e.g., if it is associated with the calling VPN app's tunnel) or
-     * {@link android.os.Process#INVALID_UID} if the connection is not found.
-     * Throws {@link SecurityException} if the caller is not the active VPN for the current user.
-     * Throws {@link IllegalArgumentException} if an unsupported protocol is requested.
+     *     (e.g., if it is associated with the calling VPN app's VpnService tunnel) or {@link
+     *     android.os.Process#INVALID_UID} if the connection is not found.
+     * @throws {@link SecurityException} if the caller is not the active VpnService for the current
+     *     user.
+     * @throws {@link IllegalArgumentException} if an unsupported protocol is requested.
      */
-    public int getConnectionOwnerUid(int protocol, @NonNull InetSocketAddress local,
-            @NonNull InetSocketAddress remote) {
+    public int getConnectionOwnerUid(
+            int protocol, @NonNull InetSocketAddress local, @NonNull InetSocketAddress remote) {
         ConnectionInfo connectionInfo = new ConnectionInfo(protocol, local, remote);
         try {
             return mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(connectionInfo);
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index 3a55461..1434560 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@
     NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo();
     Network getNetworkForType(int networkType);
     Network[] getAllNetworks();
-    NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(int userId);
+    NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
+            int userId, String callingPackageName);
 
     boolean isNetworkSupported(int networkType);
 
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@
     LinkProperties getLinkPropertiesForType(int networkType);
     LinkProperties getLinkProperties(in Network network);
 
-    NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(in Network network);
+    NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(in Network network, String callingPackageName);
 
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     NetworkState[] getAllNetworkState();
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java b/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
index d25ee0e..732ceb5 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.util.LinkPropertiesUtils;
+import android.net.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
@@ -93,36 +95,6 @@
     /**
      * @hide
      */
-    public static class CompareResult<T> {
-        public final List<T> removed = new ArrayList<>();
-        public final List<T> added = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        public CompareResult() {}
-
-        public CompareResult(Collection<T> oldItems, Collection<T> newItems) {
-            if (oldItems != null) {
-                removed.addAll(oldItems);
-            }
-            if (newItems != null) {
-                for (T newItem : newItems) {
-                    if (!removed.remove(newItem)) {
-                        added.add(newItem);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public String toString() {
-            return "removed=[" + TextUtils.join(",", removed)
-                    + "] added=[" + TextUtils.join(",", added)
-                    + "]";
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @hide
-     */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(implicitMember =
             "values()[Landroid/net/LinkProperties$ProvisioningChange;")
     public enum ProvisioningChange {
@@ -1326,7 +1298,7 @@
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public boolean isIdenticalInterfaceName(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
-        return TextUtils.equals(getInterfaceName(), target.getInterfaceName());
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalInterfaceName(target, this);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1349,10 +1321,7 @@
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public boolean isIdenticalAddresses(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
-        Collection<InetAddress> targetAddresses = target.getAddresses();
-        Collection<InetAddress> sourceAddresses = getAddresses();
-        return (sourceAddresses.size() == targetAddresses.size()) ?
-                    sourceAddresses.containsAll(targetAddresses) : false;
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalAddresses(target, this);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1364,15 +1333,7 @@
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public boolean isIdenticalDnses(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
-        Collection<InetAddress> targetDnses = target.getDnsServers();
-        String targetDomains = target.getDomains();
-        if (mDomains == null) {
-            if (targetDomains != null) return false;
-        } else {
-            if (!mDomains.equals(targetDomains)) return false;
-        }
-        return (mDnses.size() == targetDnses.size()) ?
-                mDnses.containsAll(targetDnses) : false;
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalDnses(target, this);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1425,9 +1386,7 @@
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public boolean isIdenticalRoutes(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
-        Collection<RouteInfo> targetRoutes = target.getRoutes();
-        return (mRoutes.size() == targetRoutes.size()) ?
-                mRoutes.containsAll(targetRoutes) : false;
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalRoutes(target, this);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1439,8 +1398,7 @@
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
     public boolean isIdenticalHttpProxy(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
-        return getHttpProxy() == null ? target.getHttpProxy() == null :
-                getHttpProxy().equals(target.getHttpProxy());
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalHttpProxy(target, this);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1663,26 +1621,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Compares the addresses in this LinkProperties with another
-     * LinkProperties, examining only addresses on the base link.
-     *
-     * @param target a LinkProperties with the new list of addresses
-     * @return the differences between the addresses.
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public @NonNull CompareResult<LinkAddress> compareAddresses(@Nullable LinkProperties target) {
-        /*
-         * Duplicate the LinkAddresses into removed, we will be removing
-         * address which are common between mLinkAddresses and target
-         * leaving the addresses that are different. And address which
-         * are in target but not in mLinkAddresses are placed in the
-         * addedAddresses.
-         */
-        return new CompareResult<>(mLinkAddresses,
-                target != null ? target.getLinkAddresses() : null);
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Compares the DNS addresses in this LinkProperties with another
      * LinkProperties, examining only DNS addresses on the base link.
      *
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/MacAddress.java b/core/java/android/net/MacAddress.java
index 74c9aac..0e10c42 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/MacAddress.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/MacAddress.java
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.util.MacAddressUtils;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.BitUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Random;
 
 /**
  * Representation of a MAC address.
@@ -109,21 +108,13 @@
         if (equals(BROADCAST_ADDRESS)) {
             return TYPE_BROADCAST;
         }
-        if (isMulticastAddress()) {
+        if ((mAddr & MULTICAST_MASK) != 0) {
             return TYPE_MULTICAST;
         }
         return TYPE_UNICAST;
     }
 
     /**
-     * @return true if this MacAddress is a multicast address.
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public boolean isMulticastAddress() {
-        return (mAddr & MULTICAST_MASK) != 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * @return true if this MacAddress is a locally assigned address.
      */
     public boolean isLocallyAssigned() {
@@ -192,7 +183,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public static boolean isMacAddress(byte[] addr) {
-        return addr != null && addr.length == ETHER_ADDR_LEN;
+        return MacAddressUtils.isMacAddress(addr);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -261,26 +252,11 @@
     }
 
     private static byte[] byteAddrFromLongAddr(long addr) {
-        byte[] bytes = new byte[ETHER_ADDR_LEN];
-        int index = ETHER_ADDR_LEN;
-        while (index-- > 0) {
-            bytes[index] = (byte) addr;
-            addr = addr >> 8;
-        }
-        return bytes;
+        return MacAddressUtils.byteAddrFromLongAddr(addr);
     }
 
     private static long longAddrFromByteAddr(byte[] addr) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(addr);
-        if (!isMacAddress(addr)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    Arrays.toString(addr) + " was not a valid MAC address");
-        }
-        long longAddr = 0;
-        for (byte b : addr) {
-            longAddr = (longAddr << 8) + BitUtils.uint8(b);
-        }
-        return longAddr;
+        return MacAddressUtils.longAddrFromByteAddr(addr);
     }
 
     // Internal conversion function equivalent to longAddrFromByteAddr(byteAddrFromStringAddr(addr))
@@ -350,50 +326,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public static @NonNull MacAddress createRandomUnicastAddressWithGoogleBase() {
-        return createRandomUnicastAddress(BASE_GOOGLE_MAC, new SecureRandom());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a generated MAC address whose 46 bits, excluding the locally assigned bit and the
-     * unicast bit, are randomly selected.
-     *
-     * The locally assigned bit is always set to 1. The multicast bit is always set to 0.
-     *
-     * @return a random locally assigned, unicast MacAddress.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static @NonNull MacAddress createRandomUnicastAddress() {
-        return createRandomUnicastAddress(null, new SecureRandom());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a randomly generated MAC address using the given Random object and the same
-     * OUI values as the given MacAddress.
-     *
-     * The locally assigned bit is always set to 1. The multicast bit is always set to 0.
-     *
-     * @param base a base MacAddress whose OUI is used for generating the random address.
-     *             If base == null then the OUI will also be randomized.
-     * @param r a standard Java Random object used for generating the random address.
-     * @return a random locally assigned MacAddress.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static @NonNull MacAddress createRandomUnicastAddress(MacAddress base, Random r) {
-        long addr;
-        if (base == null) {
-            addr = r.nextLong() & VALID_LONG_MASK;
-        } else {
-            addr = (base.mAddr & OUI_MASK) | (NIC_MASK & r.nextLong());
-        }
-        addr |= LOCALLY_ASSIGNED_MASK;
-        addr &= ~MULTICAST_MASK;
-        MacAddress mac = new MacAddress(addr);
-        if (mac.equals(DEFAULT_MAC_ADDRESS)) {
-            return createRandomUnicastAddress(base, r);
-        }
-        return mac;
+        return MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress(BASE_GOOGLE_MAC, new SecureRandom());
     }
 
     // Convenience function for working around the lack of byte literals.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/Network.java b/core/java/android/net/Network.java
index 8d1ab33..c145b2b 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/Network.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/Network.java
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 public class Network implements Parcelable {
 
     /**
+     * The unique id of the network.
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index 61a1484..fef353f 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.Protocol;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
 /**
@@ -50,20 +51,29 @@
     /**
      * The {@link Network} corresponding to this object.
      */
-    @NonNull
-    public final Network network;
+    @Nullable
+    private volatile Network mNetwork;
+
+    // Whether this NetworkAgent is using the legacy (never unhidden) API. The difference is
+    // that the legacy API uses NetworkInfo to convey the state, while the current API is
+    // exposing methods to manage it and generate it internally instead.
+    // TODO : remove this as soon as all agents have been converted.
+    private final boolean mIsLegacy;
 
     private final Handler mHandler;
     private volatile AsyncChannel mAsyncChannel;
     private final String LOG_TAG;
     private static final boolean DBG = true;
     private static final boolean VDBG = false;
-    private final Context mContext;
     private final ArrayList<Message>mPreConnectedQueue = new ArrayList<Message>();
     private volatile long mLastBwRefreshTime = 0;
     private static final long BW_REFRESH_MIN_WIN_MS = 500;
     private boolean mBandwidthUpdateScheduled = false;
     private AtomicBoolean mBandwidthUpdatePending = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    // Not used by legacy agents. Non-legacy agents use this to convert the NetworkAgent system API
+    // into the internal API of ConnectivityService.
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkInfo mNetworkInfo;
 
     /**
      * The ID of the {@link NetworkProvider} that created this object, or
@@ -116,7 +126,7 @@
     /**
      * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to pass the current
      * network score.
-     * obj = network score Integer
+     * arg1 = network score int
      * @hide
      */
     public static final int EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED = BASE + 4;
@@ -266,31 +276,38 @@
     public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni,
             NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score) {
         this(looper, context, logTag, ni, nc, lp, score, null, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE);
+        // Register done by the constructor called in the previous line
     }
 
     /** @hide TODO: remove and replace usage with the public constructor. */
     public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni,
             NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score, NetworkAgentConfig config) {
         this(looper, context, logTag, ni, nc, lp, score, config, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE);
+        // Register done by the constructor called in the previous line
     }
 
     /** @hide TODO: remove and replace usage with the public constructor. */
     public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni,
             NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score, int providerId) {
         this(looper, context, logTag, ni, nc, lp, score, null, providerId);
+        // Register done by the constructor called in the previous line
     }
 
     /** @hide TODO: remove and replace usage with the public constructor. */
     public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni,
             NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score, NetworkAgentConfig config,
             int providerId) {
-        this(looper, context, logTag, nc, lp, score, config, providerId, ni);
+        this(looper, context, logTag, nc, lp, score, config, providerId, ni, true /* legacy */);
+        register();
     }
 
     private static NetworkInfo getLegacyNetworkInfo(final NetworkAgentConfig config) {
         // The subtype can be changed with (TODO) setLegacySubtype, but it starts
         // with the type and an empty description.
-        return new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, config.legacyType, config.legacyTypeName, "");
+        final NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, config.legacyType,
+                config.legacyTypeName, "");
+        ni.setIsAvailable(true);
+        return ni;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -310,26 +327,44 @@
             @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config, @Nullable NetworkProvider provider) {
         this(looper, context, logTag, nc, lp, score, config,
                 provider == null ? NetworkProvider.ID_NONE : provider.getProviderId(),
-                getLegacyNetworkInfo(config));
+                getLegacyNetworkInfo(config), false /* legacy */);
     }
 
-    private NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkCapabilities nc,
-            LinkProperties lp, int score, NetworkAgentConfig config, int providerId,
-            NetworkInfo ni) {
+    private static class InitialConfiguration {
+        public final Context context;
+        public final NetworkCapabilities capabilities;
+        public final LinkProperties properties;
+        public final int score;
+        public final NetworkAgentConfig config;
+        public final NetworkInfo info;
+        InitialConfiguration(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities capabilities,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties properties, int score, @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config,
+                @NonNull NetworkInfo info) {
+            this.context = context;
+            this.capabilities = capabilities;
+            this.properties = properties;
+            this.score = score;
+            this.config = config;
+            this.info = info;
+        }
+    }
+    private volatile InitialConfiguration mInitialConfiguration;
+
+    private NetworkAgent(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull Context context, @NonNull String logTag,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc, @NonNull LinkProperties lp, int score,
+            @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config, int providerId, @NonNull NetworkInfo ni,
+            boolean legacy) {
         mHandler = new NetworkAgentHandler(looper);
         LOG_TAG = logTag;
-        mContext = context;
+        mIsLegacy = legacy;
+        mNetworkInfo = new NetworkInfo(ni);
         this.providerId = providerId;
         if (ni == null || nc == null || lp == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
 
-        if (VDBG) log("Registering NetworkAgent");
-        ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager)mContext.getSystemService(
-                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        network = cm.registerNetworkAgent(new Messenger(mHandler), new NetworkInfo(ni),
-                new LinkProperties(lp), new NetworkCapabilities(nc), score, config,
-                providerId);
+        mInitialConfiguration = new InitialConfiguration(context, new NetworkCapabilities(nc),
+                new LinkProperties(lp), score, config, ni);
     }
 
     private class NetworkAgentHandler extends Handler {
@@ -451,6 +486,32 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Register this network agent with ConnectivityService.
+     * @return the Network associated with this network agent (which can also be obtained later
+     *         by calling getNetwork() on this agent).
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Network register() {
+        if (VDBG) log("Registering NetworkAgent");
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) mInitialConfiguration.context
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mNetwork = cm.registerNetworkAgent(new Messenger(mHandler),
+                new NetworkInfo(mInitialConfiguration.info),
+                mInitialConfiguration.properties, mInitialConfiguration.capabilities,
+                mInitialConfiguration.score, mInitialConfiguration.config, providerId);
+        mInitialConfiguration = null; // All this memory can now be GC'd
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return The Network associated with this agent, or null if it's not registered yet.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
     private void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj) {
         queueOrSendMessage(what, 0, 0, obj);
     }
@@ -483,15 +544,89 @@
      * @param linkProperties the new LinkProperties.
      */
     public void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(linkProperties);
         queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, new LinkProperties(linkProperties));
     }
 
     /**
+     * Inform ConnectivityService that this agent has now connected.
+     */
+    public void setConnected() {
+        if (mIsLegacy) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Legacy agents can't call setConnected.");
+        }
+        mNetworkInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED, null, null);
+        queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED, mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister this network agent.
+     *
+     * This signals the network has disconnected and ends its lifecycle. After this is called,
+     * the network is torn down and this agent can no longer be used.
+     */
+    public void unregister() {
+        if (mIsLegacy) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Legacy agents can't call unregister.");
+        }
+        mNetworkInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, null, null);
+        queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED, mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change the legacy subtype of this network agent.
+     *
+     * This is only for backward compatibility and should not be used by non-legacy network agents,
+     * or agents that did not use to set a subtype. As such, only TYPE_MOBILE type agents can use
+     * this and others will be thrown an exception if they try.
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is for backward compatibility only.
+     * @param legacySubtype the legacy subtype.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setLegacySubtype(final int legacySubtype, @NonNull final String legacySubtypeName) {
+        if (mIsLegacy) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Legacy agents can't call setLegacySubtype.");
+        }
+        mNetworkInfo.setSubtype(legacySubtype, legacySubtypeName);
+        queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED, mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the ExtraInfo of this network agent.
+     *
+     * This sets the ExtraInfo field inside the NetworkInfo returned by legacy public API and the
+     * broadcasts about the corresponding Network.
+     * This is only for backward compatibility and should not be used by non-legacy network agents,
+     * who will be thrown an exception if they try. The extra info should only be :
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>For cellular agents, the APN name.</li>
+     *   <li>For ethernet agents, the interface name.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is for backward compatibility only.
+     * @param extraInfo the ExtraInfo.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setLegacyExtraInfo(@Nullable final String extraInfo) {
+        if (mIsLegacy) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Legacy agents can't call setLegacyExtraInfo.");
+        }
+        mNetworkInfo.setExtraInfo(extraInfo);
+        queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED, mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Must be called by the agent when it has a new NetworkInfo object.
      * @hide TODO: expose something better.
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
     public void sendNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
+        if (!mIsLegacy) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Only legacy agents can call sendNetworkInfo.");
+        }
         queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED, new NetworkInfo(networkInfo));
     }
 
@@ -500,6 +635,7 @@
      * @param networkCapabilities the new NetworkCapabilities.
      */
     public void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkCapabilities);
         mBandwidthUpdatePending.set(false);
         mLastBwRefreshTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
         queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES_CHANGED,
@@ -514,18 +650,7 @@
         if (score < 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Score must be >= 0");
         }
-        final NetworkScore ns = new NetworkScore();
-        ns.putIntExtension(NetworkScore.LEGACY_SCORE, score);
-        updateScore(ns);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Must be called by the agent when it has a new {@link NetworkScore} for this network.
-     * @param ns the new score.
-     * @hide TODO: unhide the NetworkScore class, and rename to sendNetworkScore.
-     */
-    public void updateScore(@NonNull NetworkScore ns) {
-        queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED, new NetworkScore(ns));
+        queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED, score, 0);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
index 2c5a113..7e2db4a 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
+import java.util.Objects;
+
 /**
  * Allows a network transport to provide the system with policy and configuration information about
  * a particular network when registering a {@link NetworkAgent}. This information cannot change once the agent is registered.
@@ -52,23 +54,47 @@
     public boolean explicitlySelected;
 
     /**
+     * @return whether this network was explicitly selected by the user.
+     */
+    public boolean isExplicitlySelected() {
+        return explicitlySelected;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Set if the user desires to use this network even if it is unvalidated. This field has meaning
      * only if {@link explicitlySelected} is true. If it is, this field must also be set to the
      * appropriate value based on previous user choice.
      *
+     * TODO : rename this field to match its accessor
      * @hide
      */
     public boolean acceptUnvalidated;
 
     /**
+     * @return whether the system should accept this network even if it doesn't validate.
+     */
+    public boolean isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable() {
+        return acceptUnvalidated;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Whether the user explicitly set that this network should be validated even if presence of
      * only partial internet connectivity.
      *
+     * TODO : rename this field to match its accessor
      * @hide
      */
     public boolean acceptPartialConnectivity;
 
     /**
+     * @return whether the system should validate this network even if it only offers partial
+     *     Internet connectivity.
+     */
+    public boolean isPartialConnectivityAcceptable() {
+        return acceptPartialConnectivity;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Set to avoid surfacing the "Sign in to network" notification.
      * if carrier receivers/apps are registered to handle the carrier-specific provisioning
      * procedure, a carrier specific provisioning notification will be placed.
@@ -134,9 +160,11 @@
      * Set to true if the PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification has shown for this network.
      * Reset this bit when private DNS mode is changed from strict mode to opportunistic/off mode.
      *
+     * This is not parceled, because it would not make sense.
+     *
      * @hide
      */
-    public boolean hasShownBroken;
+    public transient boolean hasShownBroken;
 
     /**
      * The name of the legacy network type. It's a free-form string used in logging.
@@ -163,6 +191,7 @@
             allowBypass = nac.allowBypass;
             explicitlySelected = nac.explicitlySelected;
             acceptUnvalidated = nac.acceptUnvalidated;
+            acceptPartialConnectivity = nac.acceptPartialConnectivity;
             subscriberId = nac.subscriberId;
             provisioningNotificationDisabled = nac.provisioningNotificationDisabled;
             skip464xlat = nac.skip464xlat;
@@ -178,6 +207,43 @@
         private final NetworkAgentConfig mConfig = new NetworkAgentConfig();
 
         /**
+         * Sets whether the network was explicitly selected by the user.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setExplicitlySelected(final boolean explicitlySelected) {
+            mConfig.explicitlySelected = explicitlySelected;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether the system should validate this network even if it is found not to offer
+         * Internet connectivity.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(
+                final boolean unvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable) {
+            mConfig.acceptUnvalidated = unvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether the system should validate this network even if it is found to only offer
+         * partial Internet connectivity.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(
+                final boolean partialConnectivityAcceptable) {
+            mConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = partialConnectivityAcceptable;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Sets the subscriber ID for this network.
          *
          * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
@@ -245,6 +311,45 @@
     }
 
     @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+        final NetworkAgentConfig that = (NetworkAgentConfig) o;
+        return allowBypass == that.allowBypass
+                && explicitlySelected == that.explicitlySelected
+                && acceptUnvalidated == that.acceptUnvalidated
+                && acceptPartialConnectivity == that.acceptPartialConnectivity
+                && provisioningNotificationDisabled == that.provisioningNotificationDisabled
+                && skip464xlat == that.skip464xlat
+                && legacyType == that.legacyType
+                && Objects.equals(subscriberId, that.subscriberId)
+                && Objects.equals(legacyTypeName, that.legacyTypeName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(allowBypass, explicitlySelected, acceptUnvalidated,
+                acceptPartialConnectivity, provisioningNotificationDisabled, subscriberId,
+                skip464xlat, legacyType, legacyTypeName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "NetworkAgentConfig {"
+                + " allowBypass = " + allowBypass
+                + ", explicitlySelected = " + explicitlySelected
+                + ", acceptUnvalidated = " + acceptUnvalidated
+                + ", acceptPartialConnectivity = " + acceptPartialConnectivity
+                + ", provisioningNotificationDisabled = " + provisioningNotificationDisabled
+                + ", subscriberId = '" + subscriberId + '\''
+                + ", skip464xlat = " + skip464xlat
+                + ", legacyType = " + legacyType
+                + ", hasShownBroken = " + hasShownBroken
+                + ", legacyTypeName = '" + legacyTypeName + '\''
+                + "}";
+    }
+
+    @Override
     public int describeContents() {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -254,9 +359,12 @@
         out.writeInt(allowBypass ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeInt(explicitlySelected ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeInt(acceptUnvalidated ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(acceptPartialConnectivity ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeString(subscriberId);
         out.writeInt(provisioningNotificationDisabled ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeInt(skip464xlat ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(legacyType);
+        out.writeString(legacyTypeName);
     }
 
     public static final @NonNull Creator<NetworkAgentConfig> CREATOR =
@@ -267,9 +375,12 @@
             networkAgentConfig.allowBypass = in.readInt() != 0;
             networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected = in.readInt() != 0;
             networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = in.readInt() != 0;
             networkAgentConfig.subscriberId = in.readString();
             networkAgentConfig.provisioningNotificationDisabled = in.readInt() != 0;
             networkAgentConfig.skip464xlat = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.legacyType = in.readInt();
+            networkAgentConfig.legacyTypeName = in.readString();
             return networkAgentConfig;
         }
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index ef4a9e5..873d6e9 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -830,6 +830,23 @@
      * <p>This field keeps track of the UID of the app that created this network and is in charge of
      * its lifecycle. This could be the UID of apps such as the Wifi network suggestor, the running
      * VPN, or Carrier Service app managing a cellular data connection.
+     *
+     * <p>For NetworkCapability instances being sent from ConnectivityService, this value MUST be
+     * reset to Process.INVALID_UID unless all the following conditions are met:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The destination app is the network owner
+     *   <li>The destination app has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission granted
+     *   <li>The user's location toggle is on
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * This is because the owner UID is location-sensitive. The apps that request a network could
+     * know where the device is if they can tell for sure the system has connected to the network
+     * they requested.
+     *
+     * <p>This is populated by the network agents and for the NetworkCapabilities instance sent by
+     * an app to the System Server, the value MUST be reset to Process.INVALID_UID by the system
+     * server.
      */
     private int mOwnerUid = Process.INVALID_UID;
 
@@ -842,7 +859,16 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Retrieves the UID of the owner app.
+     * Retrieves the UID of the app that owns this network.
+     *
+     * <p>For user privacy reasons, this field will only be populated if:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The calling app is the network owner
+     *   <li>The calling app has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission granted
+     *   <li>The user's location toggle is on
+     * </ol>
+     *
      */
     public int getOwnerUid() {
         return mOwnerUid;
@@ -880,8 +906,9 @@
      * @param administratorUids the UIDs to be set as administrators of this Network.
      * @hide
      */
+    @NonNull
     @SystemApi
-    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setAdministratorUids(
+    public NetworkCapabilities setAdministratorUids(
             @NonNull final List<Integer> administratorUids) {
         mAdministratorUids.clear();
         mAdministratorUids.addAll(administratorUids);
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkInfo.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkInfo.java
index d0c5363..08fe159 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkInfo.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkInfo.java
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.telephony.Annotation.NetworkType;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
@@ -150,10 +152,19 @@
     private boolean mIsRoaming;
 
     /**
-     * @hide
+     * Create a new instance of NetworkInfo.
+     *
+     * This may be useful for apps to write unit tests.
+     *
+     * @param type the legacy type of the network, as one of the ConnectivityManager.TYPE_*
+     *             constants.
+     * @param subtype the subtype if applicable, as one of the TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*
+     *                constants.
+     * @param typeName a human-readable string for the network type, or an empty string or null.
+     * @param subtypeName a human-readable string for the subtype, or an empty string or null.
      */
-    @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    public NetworkInfo(int type, int subtype, String typeName, String subtypeName) {
+    public NetworkInfo(int type, @NetworkType int subtype,
+            @Nullable String typeName, @Nullable String subtypeName) {
         if (!ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(type)
                 && type != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid network type: " + type);
@@ -462,17 +473,19 @@
 
     /**
      * Sets the fine-grained state of the network.
+     *
+     * This is only useful for testing.
+     *
      * @param detailedState the {@link DetailedState}.
      * @param reason a {@code String} indicating the reason for the state change,
      * if one was supplied. May be {@code null}.
      * @param extraInfo an optional {@code String} providing addditional network state
      * information passed up from the lower networking layers.
      * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
-     * @hide
      */
     @Deprecated
-    @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    public void setDetailedState(DetailedState detailedState, String reason, String extraInfo) {
+    public void setDetailedState(@NonNull DetailedState detailedState, @Nullable String reason,
+            @Nullable String extraInfo) {
         synchronized (this) {
             this.mDetailedState = detailedState;
             this.mState = stateMap.get(detailedState);
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkScore.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkScore.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 13f2994..0000000
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkScore.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package android.net;
-
-import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.Parcel;
-import android.os.Parcelable;
-
-import java.util.Objects;
-
-/**
- * Object representing the quality of a network as perceived by the user.
- *
- * A NetworkScore object represents the characteristics of a network that affects how good the
- * network is considered for a particular use.
- * @hide
- */
-public final class NetworkScore implements Parcelable {
-
-    // The key of bundle which is used to get the legacy network score of NetworkAgentInfo.
-    // TODO: Remove this when the transition to NetworkScore is over.
-    public static final String LEGACY_SCORE = "LEGACY_SCORE";
-    @NonNull
-    private final Bundle mExtensions;
-
-    public NetworkScore() {
-        mExtensions = new Bundle();
-    }
-
-    public NetworkScore(@NonNull NetworkScore source) {
-        mExtensions = new Bundle(source.mExtensions);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Put the value of parcelable inside the bundle by key.
-     */
-    public void putExtension(@Nullable String key, @Nullable Parcelable value) {
-        mExtensions.putParcelable(key, value);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Put the value of int inside the bundle by key.
-     */
-    public void putIntExtension(@Nullable String key, int value) {
-        mExtensions.putInt(key, value);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the value of non primitive type by key.
-     */
-    public <T extends Parcelable> T getExtension(@Nullable String key) {
-        return mExtensions.getParcelable(key);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the value of int by key.
-     */
-    public int getIntExtension(@Nullable String key) {
-        return mExtensions.getInt(key);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Remove the entry by given key.
-     */
-    public void removeExtension(@Nullable String key) {
-        mExtensions.remove(key);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int describeContents() {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
-        synchronized (this) {
-            dest.writeBundle(mExtensions);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static final @NonNull Creator<NetworkScore> CREATOR = new Creator<NetworkScore>() {
-        @Override
-        public NetworkScore createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
-            return new NetworkScore(in);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public NetworkScore[] newArray(int size) {
-            return new NetworkScore[size];
-        }
-    };
-
-    private NetworkScore(@NonNull Parcel in) {
-        mExtensions = in.readBundle();
-    }
-
-    // TODO: Modify this method once new fields are added into this class.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
-        if (!(obj instanceof NetworkScore)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        final NetworkScore other = (NetworkScore) obj;
-        return bundlesEqual(mExtensions, other.mExtensions);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        int result = 29;
-        for (String key : mExtensions.keySet()) {
-            final Object value = mExtensions.get(key);
-            // The key may be null, so call Objects.hash() is safer.
-            result += 31 * value.hashCode() + 37 * Objects.hash(key);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    // mExtensions won't be null since the constructor will create it.
-    private boolean bundlesEqual(@NonNull Bundle bundle1, @NonNull Bundle bundle2) {
-        if (bundle1 == bundle2) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // This is unlikely but it's fine to add this clause here.
-        if (null == bundle1 || null == bundle2) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (bundle1.size() != bundle2.size()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        for (String key : bundle1.keySet()) {
-            final Object value1 = bundle1.get(key);
-            final Object value2 = bundle2.get(key);
-            if (!Objects.equals(value1, value2)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /** Convert to a string */
-    public String toString() {
-        return "NetworkScore[" + mExtensions.toString() + "]";
-    }
-}
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
index 08cc4e2..779f7bc 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
-import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
@@ -313,15 +312,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check if IP address type is consistent between two InetAddress.
-     * @return true if both are the same type.  False otherwise.
-     */
-    public static boolean addressTypeMatches(InetAddress left, InetAddress right) {
-        return (((left instanceof Inet4Address) && (right instanceof Inet4Address)) ||
-                ((left instanceof Inet6Address) && (right instanceof Inet6Address)));
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Convert a 32 char hex string into a Inet6Address.
      * throws a runtime exception if the string isn't 32 chars, isn't hex or can't be
      * made into an Inet6Address
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
index 67bad53..2b9e9fe 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.util.NetUtils;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
@@ -483,21 +484,7 @@
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Nullable
     public static RouteInfo selectBestRoute(Collection<RouteInfo> routes, InetAddress dest) {
-        if ((routes == null) || (dest == null)) return null;
-
-        RouteInfo bestRoute = null;
-        // pick a longest prefix match under same address type
-        for (RouteInfo route : routes) {
-            if (NetworkUtils.addressTypeMatches(route.mDestination.getAddress(), dest)) {
-                if ((bestRoute != null) &&
-                        (bestRoute.mDestination.getPrefixLength() >=
-                        route.mDestination.getPrefixLength())) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (route.matches(dest)) bestRoute = route;
-            }
-        }
-        return bestRoute;
+        return NetUtils.selectBestRoute(routes, dest);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 78aa24d..5f0a53c 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@
 import android.net.IpMemoryStore;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
-import android.net.LinkProperties.CompareResult;
 import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.NattSocketKeepalive;
 import android.net.Network;
@@ -104,7 +103,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkProvider;
 import android.net.NetworkQuotaInfo;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
-import android.net.NetworkScore;
 import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.NetworkStack;
 import android.net.NetworkStackClient;
@@ -124,6 +122,7 @@
 import android.net.metrics.NetworkEvent;
 import android.net.netlink.InetDiagMessage;
 import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
+import android.net.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
 import android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTracker;
 import android.net.util.NetdService;
 import android.os.Binder;
@@ -1528,7 +1527,8 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(int userId) {
+    public NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
+                int userId, String callingPackageName) {
         // The basic principle is: if an app's traffic could possibly go over a
         // network, without the app doing anything multinetwork-specific,
         // (hence, by "default"), then include that network's capabilities in
@@ -1550,7 +1550,10 @@
         NetworkAgentInfo nai = getDefaultNetwork();
         NetworkCapabilities nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(nai);
         if (nc != null) {
-            result.put(nai.network, nc);
+            result.put(
+                    nai.network,
+                    maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(
+                            nc, Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName));
         }
 
         synchronized (mVpns) {
@@ -1560,10 +1563,12 @@
                     Network[] networks = vpn.getUnderlyingNetworks();
                     if (networks != null) {
                         for (Network network : networks) {
-                            nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
-                            nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(nai);
+                            nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(network);
                             if (nc != null) {
-                                result.put(network, nc);
+                                result.put(
+                                        network,
+                                        maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(
+                                                nc, Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName));
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -1630,20 +1635,26 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(Network network) {
+        return getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network));
+    }
+
     private NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
         if (nai == null) return null;
         synchronized (nai) {
             if (nai.networkCapabilities == null) return null;
             return networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
-                    nai.networkCapabilities,
-                    Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    nai.networkCapabilities, Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid());
         }
     }
 
     @Override
-    public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(Network network) {
+    public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(Network network, String callingPackageName) {
+        mAppOpsManager.checkPackage(Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName);
         enforceAccessPermission();
-        return getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network));
+        return maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(
+                getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(network),
+                Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -1659,20 +1670,34 @@
         }
         newNc.setAdministratorUids(Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
 
-        maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(newNc, callerUid);
-
         return newNc;
     }
 
-    private void maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(
-            NetworkCapabilities nc, int callerUid) {
-        // TODO(b/142072839): Conditionally reset the owner UID if the following
-        // conditions are not met:
-        // 1. The destination app is the network owner
-        // 2. The destination app has the ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION permission granted
-        // if target SDK<29 or otherwise has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission granted
-        // 3. The user's location toggle is on
-        nc.setOwnerUid(INVALID_UID);
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @Nullable
+    NetworkCapabilities maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(
+            @Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc, int callerUid, @NonNull String callerPkgName) {
+        if (nc == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final NetworkCapabilities newNc = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        if (callerUid != newNc.getOwnerUid()) {
+            newNc.setOwnerUid(INVALID_UID);
+            return newNc;
+        }
+
+        Binder.withCleanCallingIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    if (!mLocationPermissionChecker.checkLocationPermission(
+                            callerPkgName, null /* featureId */, callerUid, null /* message */)) {
+                        // Caller does not have the requisite location permissions. Reset the
+                        // owner's UID in the NetworkCapabilities.
+                        newNc.setOwnerUid(INVALID_UID);
+                    }
+                }
+        );
+
+        return newNc;
     }
 
     private LinkProperties linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
@@ -1747,7 +1772,7 @@
     public boolean isActiveNetworkMetered() {
         enforceAccessPermission();
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities caps = getNetworkCapabilities(getActiveNetwork());
+        final NetworkCapabilities caps = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(getActiveNetwork());
         if (caps != null) {
             return !caps.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
         } else {
@@ -2060,9 +2085,9 @@
     }
 
     private void enforceNetworkFactoryPermission() {
-        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY,
-                "ConnectivityService");
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
     private boolean checkSettingsPermission() {
@@ -2690,8 +2715,7 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED: {
-                    final NetworkScore ns = (NetworkScore) msg.obj;
-                    updateNetworkScore(nai, ns);
+                    updateNetworkScore(nai, msg.arg1);
                     break;
                 }
                 case NetworkAgent.EVENT_SET_EXPLICITLY_SELECTED: {
@@ -3254,7 +3278,6 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
             NetworkRequest request = nai.requestAt(i);
             final NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(request);
-            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
             final NetworkAgentInfo currentNetwork = nri.mSatisfier;
             if (currentNetwork != null && currentNetwork.network.netId == nai.network.netId) {
                 nri.mSatisfier = null;
@@ -3406,7 +3429,6 @@
 
             // If this Network is already the highest scoring Network for a request, or if
             // there is hope for it to become one if it validated, then it is needed.
-            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
             if (nri.request.isRequest() && nai.satisfies(nri.request) &&
                     (nai.isSatisfyingRequest(nri.request.requestId) ||
                     // Note that this catches two important cases:
@@ -3445,7 +3467,6 @@
         if (mNetworkRequests.get(nri.request) == null) {
             return;
         }
-        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
         if (nri.mSatisfier != null) {
             return;
         }
@@ -3483,7 +3504,6 @@
         mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("RELEASE " + nri);
         if (nri.request.isRequest()) {
             boolean wasKept = false;
-            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
             final NetworkAgentInfo nai = nri.mSatisfier;
             if (nai != null) {
                 boolean wasBackgroundNetwork = nai.isBackgroundNetwork();
@@ -4751,7 +4771,7 @@
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn();
+            return vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn(mKeyStore);
         }
     }
 
@@ -4766,7 +4786,7 @@
                 Slog.w(TAG, "User " + userId + " has no Vpn configuration");
                 return false;
             }
-            return vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(packageName);
+            return vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(packageName, mKeyStore);
         }
     }
 
@@ -4787,11 +4807,11 @@
                 Slog.w(TAG, "User " + userId + " has no Vpn configuration");
                 return false;
             }
-            if (!vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(packageName, lockdown, lockdownWhitelist)) {
+            if (!vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(packageName, lockdown, lockdownWhitelist, mKeyStore)) {
                 return false;
             }
             if (!startAlwaysOnVpn(userId)) {
-                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
+                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null, mKeyStore);
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -4977,7 +4997,7 @@
                 loge("Starting user already has a VPN");
                 return;
             }
-            userVpn = new Vpn(mHandler.getLooper(), mContext, mNMS, userId);
+            userVpn = new Vpn(mHandler.getLooper(), mContext, mNMS, userId, mKeyStore);
             mVpns.put(userId, userVpn);
             if (mUserManager.getUserInfo(userId).isPrimary() && LockdownVpnTracker.isEnabled()) {
                 updateLockdownVpn();
@@ -5048,7 +5068,7 @@
             if (TextUtils.equals(vpn.getAlwaysOnPackage(), packageName)) {
                 Slog.d(TAG, "Restarting always-on VPN package " + packageName + " for user "
                         + userId);
-                vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn();
+                vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn(mKeyStore);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -5070,7 +5090,7 @@
             if (TextUtils.equals(vpn.getAlwaysOnPackage(), packageName) && !isReplacing) {
                 Slog.d(TAG, "Removing always-on VPN package " + packageName + " for user "
                         + userId);
-                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
+                vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null, mKeyStore);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -5290,8 +5310,8 @@
         }
 
         public String toString() {
-            return "uid/pid:" + mUid + "/" + mPid + " " + request +
-                    (mPendingIntent == null ? "" : " to trigger " + mPendingIntent);
+            return "uid/pid:" + mUid + "/" + mPid + " " + request
+                    + (mPendingIntent == null ? "" : " to trigger " + mPendingIntent);
         }
     }
 
@@ -5758,12 +5778,10 @@
         // TODO: Instead of passing mDefaultRequest, provide an API to determine whether a Network
         // satisfies mDefaultRequest.
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
-        final NetworkScore ns = new NetworkScore();
-        ns.putIntExtension(NetworkScore.LEGACY_SCORE, currentScore);
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(messenger, new AsyncChannel(),
                 new Network(mNetIdManager.reserveNetId()), new NetworkInfo(networkInfo), lp, nc,
-                ns, mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkAgentConfig(networkAgentConfig), this,
-                mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS, providerId);
+                currentScore, mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkAgentConfig(networkAgentConfig),
+                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS, providerId);
         // Make sure the network capabilities reflect what the agent info says.
         nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(mixInCapabilities(nai, nc));
         final String extraInfo = networkInfo.getExtraInfo();
@@ -6384,8 +6402,13 @@
         }
         switch (notificationType) {
             case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE: {
-                putParcelable(bundle, networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
-                        networkAgent.networkCapabilities, nri.mPid, nri.mUid));
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                        networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                                networkAgent.networkCapabilities, nri.mPid, nri.mUid);
+                putParcelable(
+                        bundle,
+                        maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(
+                                nc, nri.mUid, nri.request.getRequestorPackageName()));
                 putParcelable(bundle, linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
                         networkAgent.linkProperties, nri.mPid, nri.mUid));
                 // For this notification, arg1 contains the blocked status.
@@ -6398,9 +6421,13 @@
             }
             case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED: {
                 // networkAgent can't be null as it has been accessed a few lines above.
-                final NetworkCapabilities nc = networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
-                        networkAgent.networkCapabilities, nri.mPid, nri.mUid);
-                putParcelable(bundle, nc);
+                final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                        networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                                networkAgent.networkCapabilities, nri.mPid, nri.mUid);
+                putParcelable(
+                        bundle,
+                        maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(
+                                netCap, nri.mUid, nri.request.getRequestorPackageName()));
                 break;
             }
             case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED: {
@@ -7012,9 +7039,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void updateNetworkScore(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkScore ns) {
-        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("updateNetworkScore for " + nai.toShortString() + " to " + ns);
-        nai.setNetworkScore(ns);
+    private void updateNetworkScore(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai, final int score) {
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("updateNetworkScore for " + nai.toShortString() + " to " + score);
+        nai.setScore(score);
         rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         sendUpdatedScoreToFactories(nai);
     }
@@ -7496,6 +7523,13 @@
      */
     public int getConnectionOwnerUid(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo) {
         final Vpn vpn = enforceActiveVpnOrNetworkStackPermission();
+
+        // Only VpnService based VPNs should be able to get this information.
+        if (vpn != null && vpn.getActiveAppVpnType() != VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE) {
+            throw new SecurityException(
+                    "getConnectionOwnerUid() not allowed for non-VpnService VPNs");
+        }
+
         if (connectionInfo.protocol != IPPROTO_TCP && connectionInfo.protocol != IPPROTO_UDP) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported protocol " + connectionInfo.protocol);
         }
@@ -7762,12 +7796,15 @@
     private void handleNetworkTestedWithExtras(
             @NonNull ConnectivityReportEvent reportEvent, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = reportEvent.mNai;
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(nai.networkCapabilities);
+        clearNetworkCapabilitiesUids(networkCapabilities);
         final ConnectivityReport report =
                 new ConnectivityReport(
                         reportEvent.mNai.network,
                         reportEvent.mTimestampMillis,
                         nai.linkProperties,
-                        nai.networkCapabilities,
+                        networkCapabilities,
                         extras);
         final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
                 getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai);
@@ -7783,13 +7820,16 @@
     private void handleDataStallSuspected(
             @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, long timestampMillis, int detectionMethod,
             @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(nai.networkCapabilities);
+        clearNetworkCapabilitiesUids(networkCapabilities);
         final DataStallReport report =
                 new DataStallReport(
                         nai.network,
                         timestampMillis,
                         detectionMethod,
                         nai.linkProperties,
-                        nai.networkCapabilities,
+                        networkCapabilities,
                         extras);
         final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
                 getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai);
@@ -7815,6 +7855,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void clearNetworkCapabilitiesUids(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        nc.setUids(null);
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
+        nc.setOwnerUid(Process.INVALID_UID);
+    }
+
     private List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(
             @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
         final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results = new ArrayList<>();
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
index a7e36b2..95ac900 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
             // Has to be in TestNetworkAgent to ensure all teardown codepaths properly clean up
             // resources, even for binder death or unwanted calls.
             synchronized (mTestNetworkTracker) {
-                mTestNetworkTracker.remove(network.netId);
+                mTestNetworkTracker.remove(getNetwork().netId);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
                                             callingUid,
                                             binder);
 
-                            mTestNetworkTracker.put(agent.network.netId, agent);
+                            mTestNetworkTracker.put(agent.getNetwork().netId, agent);
                         }
                     } catch (SocketException e) {
                         throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 3ed2a1a..2f04715 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 import android.net.NetworkMonitorManager;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
-import android.net.NetworkScore;
 import android.net.NetworkState;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
@@ -232,10 +231,8 @@
     // validated).
     private boolean mLingering;
 
-    // This represents the characteristics of a network that affects how good the network is
-    // considered for a particular use.
-    @NonNull
-    private NetworkScore mNetworkScore;
+    // This represents the quality of the network with no clear scale.
+    private int mScore;
 
     // The list of NetworkRequests being satisfied by this Network.
     private final SparseArray<NetworkRequest> mNetworkRequests = new SparseArray<>();
@@ -264,7 +261,7 @@
     private final Handler mHandler;
 
     public NetworkAgentInfo(Messenger messenger, AsyncChannel ac, Network net, NetworkInfo info,
-            LinkProperties lp, NetworkCapabilities nc, @NonNull NetworkScore ns, Context context,
+            LinkProperties lp, NetworkCapabilities nc, int score, Context context,
             Handler handler, NetworkAgentConfig config, ConnectivityService connService, INetd netd,
             IDnsResolver dnsResolver, INetworkManagementService nms, int factorySerialNumber) {
         this.messenger = messenger;
@@ -273,7 +270,7 @@
         networkInfo = info;
         linkProperties = lp;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
-        mNetworkScore = ns;
+        mScore = score;
         clatd = new Nat464Xlat(this, netd, dnsResolver, nms);
         mConnService = connService;
         mContext = context;
@@ -487,7 +484,7 @@
             return ConnectivityConstants.EXPLICITLY_SELECTED_NETWORK_SCORE;
         }
 
-        int score = mNetworkScore.getIntExtension(NetworkScore.LEGACY_SCORE);
+        int score = mScore;
         if (!lastValidated && !pretendValidated && !ignoreWifiUnvalidationPenalty() && !isVPN()) {
             score -= ConnectivityConstants.UNVALIDATED_SCORE_PENALTY;
         }
@@ -516,13 +513,8 @@
         return getCurrentScore(true);
     }
 
-    public void setNetworkScore(@NonNull NetworkScore ns) {
-        mNetworkScore = ns;
-    }
-
-    @NonNull
-    public NetworkScore getNetworkScore() {
-        return mNetworkScore;
+    public void setScore(final int score) {
+        mScore = score;
     }
 
     public NetworkState getNetworkState() {
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
index ca4ba63..7a60cc1 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
@@ -18,19 +18,26 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.logging.nano.MetricsProto.MetricsEvent;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
 public class CaptivePortalTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
     private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
     private static final String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.google.android.test";
 
@@ -84,6 +91,7 @@
         assertEquals(result.mCode, CaptivePortal.APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS);
     }
 
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     @Test
     public void testReevaluateNetwork() {
         final MyCaptivePortalImpl result = runCaptivePortalTest(c -> c.reevaluateNetwork());
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
index 06c6301..c74c112 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertFieldCountEquals;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
 import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -38,11 +38,17 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -57,6 +63,8 @@
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
 public class LinkAddressTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
     private static final String V4 = "192.0.2.1";
     private static final String V6 = "2001:db8::1";
@@ -318,15 +326,29 @@
 
         l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 123, 456);
         assertParcelingIsLossless(l);
-        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 123, 456,
-                1L, 3600000L);
-        assertParcelingIsLossless(l);
 
         l = new LinkAddress(V4 + "/28", IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_LINK);
-        assertParcelSane(l, 6);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(l);
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testLifetimeParceling() {
+        final LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 123, 456, 1L, 3600000L);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(l);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testFieldCount_Q() {
+        assertFieldCountEquals(4, LinkAddress.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testFieldCount() {
+        // Make sure any new field is covered by the above parceling tests when changing this number
+        assertFieldCountEquals(6, LinkAddress.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testDeprecationTime() {
         try {
             new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456,
@@ -345,9 +367,12 @@
                     -2, 100000L);
             fail("negative deprecation time should cause exception");
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        LinkAddress addr = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456, 100000L, 200000L);
+        assertEquals(100000L, addr.getDeprecationTime());
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testExpirationTime() {
         try {
             new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456,
@@ -360,16 +385,22 @@
                     100000L, -2);
             fail("negative expiration time should cause exception");
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        LinkAddress addr = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456, 100000L, 200000L);
+        assertEquals(200000L, addr.getExpirationTime());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testGetFlags() {
         LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 123, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
         assertEquals(123, l.getFlags());
+    }
 
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testGetFlags_Deprecation() {
         // Test if deprecated bit was added/remove automatically based on the provided deprecation
         // time
-        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, RT_SCOPE_HOST,
+        LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, RT_SCOPE_HOST,
                 1L, LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT);
         // Check if the flag is added automatically.
         assertTrue((l.getFlags() & IFA_F_DEPRECATED) != 0);
@@ -458,8 +489,11 @@
                             (IFA_F_TEMPORARY|IFA_F_TENTATIVE|IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC),
                             RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
         assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,tempaddr+optimistic");
+    }
 
-        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_DEPRECATED,
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testIsGlobalPreferred_DeprecatedInFuture() {
+        final LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_DEPRECATED,
                 RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 100000,
                 SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 200000);
         // Although the deprecated bit is set, but the deprecation time is in the future, test
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
index 3f311c9..48b65e5 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
-import android.net.LinkProperties.CompareResult;
 import android.net.LinkProperties.ProvisioningChange;
+import android.net.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
         source.addDnsServer(DNS1);
         source.addDnsServer(DNS2);
         // set 2 gateways
-        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(LINKADDRV4, GATEWAY1));
         source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
         source.setMtu(MTU);
 
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
         target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
         target.addDnsServer(DNS1);
         target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
-        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(LINKADDRV4, GATEWAY1));
         target.setMtu(MTU);
 
         assertLinkPropertiesEqual(source, target);
@@ -364,12 +364,13 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testRouteInterfaces() {
-        LinkAddress prefix = new LinkAddress(address("2001:db8::"), 32);
+        LinkAddress prefix1 = new LinkAddress(address("2001:db8:1::"), 48);
+        LinkAddress prefix2 = new LinkAddress(address("2001:db8:2::"), 48);
         InetAddress address = ADDRV6;
 
         // Add a route with no interface to a LinkProperties with no interface. No errors.
         LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        RouteInfo r = new RouteInfo(prefix, address, null);
+        RouteInfo r = new RouteInfo(prefix1, address, null);
         assertTrue(lp.addRoute(r));
         assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
         assertAllRoutesHaveInterface(null, lp);
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@
         assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
 
         // Add a route with an interface. Expect an exception.
-        r = new RouteInfo(prefix, address, "wlan0");
+        r = new RouteInfo(prefix2, address, "wlan0");
         try {
           lp.addRoute(r);
           fail("Adding wlan0 route to LP with no interface, expect exception");
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
 
         // If the interface name matches, the route is added.
-        r = new RouteInfo(prefix, null, "wlan0");
+        r = new RouteInfo(prefix2, null, "wlan0");
         lp.setInterfaceName("wlan0");
         lp.addRoute(r);
         assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
@@ -423,10 +424,12 @@
         assertEquals(3, lp.compareAllRoutes(lp2).added.size());
         assertEquals(3, lp.compareAllRoutes(lp2).removed.size());
 
-        // Check remove works
-        lp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(prefix, address, null));
+        // Remove route with incorrect interface, no route removed.
+        lp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(prefix2, null, null));
         assertEquals(3, lp.getRoutes().size());
-        lp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(prefix, address, "wlan0"));
+
+        // Check remove works when interface is correct.
+        lp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(prefix2, null, "wlan0"));
         assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
         assertAllRoutesHaveInterface("wlan0", lp);
         assertAllRoutesNotHaveInterface("p2p0", lp);
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de65ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelSane
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class NetworkAgentConfigTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testParcelNetworkAgentConfig() {
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
+            setExplicitlySelected(true)
+            setLegacyType(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET)
+            setSubscriberId("MySubId")
+            setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(false)
+            setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true)
+        }.build()
+        assertParcelSane(config, 9)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testBuilder() {
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
+            setExplicitlySelected(true)
+            setLegacyType(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET)
+            setSubscriberId("MySubId")
+            setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(false)
+            setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true)
+            setLegacyTypeName("TEST_NETWORK")
+            disableNat64Detection()
+            disableProvisioningNotification()
+        }.build()
+
+        assertTrue(config.isExplicitlySelected())
+        assertEquals(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET, config.getLegacyType())
+        assertEquals("MySubId", config.getSubscriberId())
+        assertFalse(config.isPartialConnectivityAcceptable())
+        assertTrue(config.isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable())
+        assertEquals("TEST_NETWORK", config.getLegacyTypeName())
+        assertFalse(config.isNat64DetectionEnabled())
+        assertFalse(config.isProvisioningNotificationEnabled())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
index fe51b3a..1658262 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
@@ -19,19 +19,40 @@
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertFieldCountEquals;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
 import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
-import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 
-public class RouteInfoTest extends TestCase {
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class RouteInfoTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final int INVALID_ROUTE_TYPE = -1;
 
     private InetAddress Address(String addr) {
         return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(addr);
@@ -41,15 +62,32 @@
         return new IpPrefix(prefix);
     }
 
-    @SmallTest
+    @Test
     public void testConstructor() {
         RouteInfo r;
-
         // Invalid input.
         try {
             r = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, null, "rmnet0");
             fail("Expected RuntimeException:  destination and gateway null");
-        } catch(RuntimeException e) {}
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) { }
+
+        try {
+            r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/49"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "rmnet0",
+                    INVALID_ROUTE_TYPE);
+            fail("Invalid route type should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
+
+        try {
+            r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/49"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "rmnet0",
+                    RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+            fail("Address family mismatch should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
+
+        try {
+            r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "rmnet0",
+                    RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+            fail("Address family mismatch should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
 
         // Null destination is default route.
         r = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, Address("2001:db8::1"), null);
@@ -74,6 +112,7 @@
         assertNull(r.getInterface());
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testMatches() {
         class PatchedRouteInfo {
             private final RouteInfo mRouteInfo;
@@ -113,6 +152,7 @@
         assertFalse(ipv4Default.matches(Address("2001:db8::f00")));
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testEquals() {
         // IPv4
         RouteInfo r1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/48"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "wlan0");
@@ -146,6 +186,7 @@
         assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r3);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testHostAndDefaultRoutes() {
         RouteInfo r;
 
@@ -228,6 +269,7 @@
         assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testTruncation() {
       LinkAddress l;
       RouteInfo r;
@@ -244,6 +286,7 @@
     // Make sure that creating routes to multicast addresses doesn't throw an exception. Even though
     // there's nothing we can do with them, we don't want to crash if, e.g., someone calls
     // requestRouteToHostAddress("230.0.0.0", MOBILE_HIPRI);
+    @Test
     public void testMulticastRoute() {
       RouteInfo r;
       r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("230.0.0.0/32"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
@@ -251,16 +294,36 @@
       // No exceptions? Good.
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testParceling() {
         RouteInfo r;
-
-        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("::/0"), Address("2001:db8::"), null);
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), null);
         assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
-
         r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "wlan0");
-        assertParcelSane(r, 7);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
     }
 
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testMtuParceling() {
+        final RouteInfo r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), Address("2001:db8::"), "testiface",
+                RTN_UNREACHABLE, 1450 /* mtu */);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testFieldCount_Q() {
+        assertFieldCountEquals(6, RouteInfo.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testFieldCount() {
+        // Make sure any new field is covered by the above parceling tests when changing this number
+        assertFieldCountEquals(7, RouteInfo.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testMtu() {
         RouteInfo r;
         r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), Address("0.0.0.0"), "wlan0",
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/util/SocketUtilsTest.kt b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/util/SocketUtilsTest.kt
index 9c7cfb0..aaf97f3 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/util/SocketUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/util/SocketUtilsTest.kt
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.net.util;
+package android.net.util
 
+import android.os.Build
 import android.system.NetlinkSocketAddress
 import android.system.Os
 import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET
@@ -26,18 +27,26 @@
 import android.system.PacketSocketAddress
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
 import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
 import org.junit.Assert.fail
+import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
 private const val TEST_INDEX = 123
 private const val TEST_PORT = 555
+private const val FF_BYTE = 0xff.toByte()
+
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
 @SmallTest
 class SocketUtilsTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
     @Test
     fun testMakeNetlinkSocketAddress() {
         val nlAddress = SocketUtils.makeNetlinkSocketAddress(TEST_PORT, RTMGRP_NEIGH)
@@ -50,16 +59,21 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testMakePacketSocketAddress() {
+    fun testMakePacketSocketAddress_Q() {
         val pkAddress = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(ETH_P_ALL, TEST_INDEX)
         assertTrue("Not PacketSocketAddress object", pkAddress is PacketSocketAddress)
 
-        val ff = 0xff.toByte()
-        val pkAddress2 = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(TEST_INDEX,
-                byteArrayOf(ff, ff, ff, ff, ff, ff))
+        val pkAddress2 = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(TEST_INDEX, ByteArray(6) { FF_BYTE })
         assertTrue("Not PacketSocketAddress object", pkAddress2 is PacketSocketAddress)
     }
 
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testMakePacketSocketAddress() {
+        val pkAddress = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(
+                ETH_P_ALL, TEST_INDEX, ByteArray(6) { FF_BYTE })
+        assertTrue("Not PacketSocketAddress object", pkAddress is PacketSocketAddress)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testCloseSocket() {
         // Expect no exception happening with null object.
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
index 490c467..23caf49 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
+++ b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import android.os.IBinder
 import com.android.networkstack.metrics.DataStallStatsUtils
 import com.android.networkstack.netlink.TcpSocketTracker
+import com.android.server.NetworkStackService
 import com.android.server.NetworkStackService.NetworkMonitorConnector
 import com.android.server.NetworkStackService.NetworkStackConnector
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkMonitor
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@
             val nm = NetworkMonitor(this@TestNetworkStackService, cb,
                     this.network,
                     mock(IpConnectivityLog::class.java), mock(SharedLog::class.java),
+                    mock(NetworkStackService.NetworkStackServiceManager::class.java),
                     NetworkMonitorDeps(privateDnsBypassNetwork),
                     mock(DataStallStatsUtils::class.java),
                     mock(TcpSocketTracker::class.java))
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index 1c69209..a35fb40 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public Network getNetwork() {
-        return mNetworkAgent.network;
+        return mNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
     }
 
     public void expectPreventReconnectReceived(long timeoutMs) {
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
index d6a2176..2273bc6 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 
 import android.test.mock.MockContext;
 
@@ -232,10 +231,12 @@
         builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
         final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
 
+        final String expectedSecret = Ikev2VpnProfile.PREFIX_INLINE
+                + Ikev2VpnProfile.encodeForIpsecSecret(mPrivateKey.getEncoded());
         verifyVpnProfileCommon(profile);
         assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mUserCert), profile.ipsecUserCert);
         assertEquals(
-                Ikev2VpnProfile.encodeForIpsecSecret(mPrivateKey.getEncoded()),
+                expectedSecret,
                 profile.ipsecSecret);
         assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mServerRootCa), profile.ipsecCaCert);
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
index daf187d..91c9a2a 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.net.util.MacAddressUtils;
+
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
@@ -122,11 +124,11 @@
 
         for (MacAddress mac : multicastAddresses) {
             String msg = mac.toString() + " expected to be a multicast address";
-            assertTrue(msg, mac.isMulticastAddress());
+            assertTrue(msg, MacAddressUtils.isMulticastAddress(mac));
         }
         for (MacAddress mac : unicastAddresses) {
             String msg = mac.toString() + " expected not to be a multicast address";
-            assertFalse(msg, mac.isMulticastAddress());
+            assertFalse(msg, MacAddressUtils.isMulticastAddress(mac));
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@
     public void testMacAddressConversions() {
         final int iterations = 10000;
         for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
-            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.createRandomUnicastAddress();
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress();
 
             String stringRepr = mac.toString();
             byte[] bytesRepr = mac.toByteArray();
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@
         final String expectedLocalOui = "26:5f:78";
         final MacAddress base = MacAddress.fromString(anotherOui + ":0:0:0");
         for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
-            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.createRandomUnicastAddress(base, r);
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress(base, r);
             String stringRepr = mac.toString();
 
             assertTrue(stringRepr + " expected to be a locally assigned address",
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@
         }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
-            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.createRandomUnicastAddress();
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress();
             String stringRepr = mac.toString();
 
             assertTrue(stringRepr + " expected to be a locally assigned address",
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 47b3461..6985415 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_ANY_USER;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_SUPL;
@@ -78,6 +76,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.RULE_REJECT_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.RULE_REJECT_METERED;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtilsKt.transportToLegacyType;
 import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtilsKt.await;
@@ -99,6 +98,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.startsWith;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.location.LocationManager;
 import android.net.CaptivePortalData;
+import android.net.ConnectionInfo;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive;
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@
 import android.net.INetworkPolicyListener;
 import android.net.INetworkPolicyManager;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.InterfaceConfiguration;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
@@ -176,6 +178,7 @@
 import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
 import android.net.UidRange;
 import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
 import android.net.shared.NetworkMonitorUtils;
 import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
@@ -200,6 +203,7 @@
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.security.KeyStore;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
@@ -272,6 +276,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import kotlin.reflect.KClass;
 
@@ -445,15 +450,21 @@
             return mPackageManager;
         }
 
+        private int checkMockedPermission(String permission, Supplier<Integer> ifAbsent) {
+            final Integer granted = mMockedPermissions.get(permission);
+            return granted != null ? granted : ifAbsent.get();
+        }
+
         @Override
         public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) {
-            final Integer granted = mMockedPermissions.get(permission);
-            if (granted == null) {
-                // All non-mocked permissions should be held by the test or unnecessary: check as
-                // normal to make sure the code does not rely on unexpected permissions.
-                return super.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid);
-            }
-            return granted;
+            return checkMockedPermission(
+                    permission, () -> super.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int checkCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission) {
+            return checkMockedPermission(
+                    permission, () -> super.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -635,7 +646,7 @@
                 }
             };
 
-            assertEquals(na.network.netId, nmNetworkCaptor.getValue().netId);
+            assertEquals(na.getNetwork().netId, nmNetworkCaptor.getValue().netId);
             mNmCallbacks = nmCbCaptor.getValue();
 
             mNmCallbacks.onNetworkMonitorCreated(mNetworkMonitor);
@@ -1002,12 +1013,13 @@
         // Careful ! This is different from mNetworkAgent, because MockNetworkAgent does
         // not inherit from NetworkAgent.
         private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mMockNetworkAgent;
+        private int mVpnType = VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE;
 
         private VpnInfo mVpnInfo;
 
         public MockVpn(int userId) {
             super(startHandlerThreadAndReturnLooper(), mServiceContext, mNetworkManagementService,
-                    userId);
+                    userId, mock(KeyStore.class));
         }
 
         public void setNetworkAgent(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent) {
@@ -1022,6 +1034,10 @@
             updateCapabilities(null /* defaultNetwork */);
         }
 
+        public void setVpnType(int vpnType) {
+            mVpnType = vpnType;
+        }
+
         @Override
         public int getNetId() {
             if (mMockNetworkAgent == null) {
@@ -1040,6 +1056,11 @@
             return mConnected;  // Similar trickery
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public int getActiveAppVpnType() {
+            return mVpnType;
+        }
+
         private void connect(boolean isAlwaysMetered) {
             mNetworkCapabilities.set(mMockNetworkAgent.getNetworkCapabilities());
             mConnected = true;
@@ -1158,6 +1179,10 @@
                 Arrays.asList(new UserInfo[] {
                         new UserInfo(VPN_USER, "", 0),
                 }));
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any()))
+                .thenReturn(applicationInfo);
 
         // InstrumentationTestRunner prepares a looper, but AndroidJUnitRunner does not.
         // http://b/25897652 .
@@ -3014,7 +3039,7 @@
             networkCapabilities.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
                     .setNetworkSpecifier(new MatchAllNetworkSpecifier());
             mService.requestNetwork(networkCapabilities, null, 0, null,
-                    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+                    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, mContext.getPackageName());
         });
 
         class NonParcelableSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier {
@@ -5896,6 +5921,12 @@
         final LinkAddress myIpv6 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::1/64");
         final String kNat64PrefixString = "2001:db8:64:64:64:64::";
         final IpPrefix kNat64Prefix = new IpPrefix(InetAddress.getByName(kNat64PrefixString), 96);
+        final RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv6.getAddress(),
+                                                     MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo ipv6Subnet = new RouteInfo(myIpv6, null, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo ipv4Subnet = new RouteInfo(myIpv4, null, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo stackedDefault = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv4.getAddress(),
+                                                       CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
 
         final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
@@ -5908,15 +5939,13 @@
         final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
         cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv6);
-        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv6.getAddress(), MOBILE_IFNAME));
-        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv6, null, MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        cellLp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+        cellLp.addRoute(ipv6Subnet);
         mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
         reset(mNetworkManagementService);
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         reset(mMockNetd);
         reset(mBatteryStatsService);
-        when(mNetworkManagementService.getInterfaceConfig(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME))
-                .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfig(myIpv4));
 
         // Connect with ipv6 link properties. Expect prefix discovery to be started.
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
@@ -5924,6 +5953,7 @@
         waitForIdle();
 
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreatePhysical(eq(cellNetId), anyInt());
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, defaultRoute);
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).createNetworkCache(eq(cellNetId));
         verify(mBatteryStatsService).noteNetworkInterfaceType(cellLp.getInterfaceName(),
                 TYPE_MOBILE);
@@ -5939,6 +5969,7 @@
         cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4);
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).stopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(any());
 
@@ -5949,15 +5980,18 @@
 
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
+        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
         reset(mMockNetd);
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        when(mNetworkManagementService.getInterfaceConfig(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME))
+                .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfig(myIpv4));
 
         // Remove IPv4 address. Expect prefix discovery to be started again.
         cellLp.removeLinkAddress(myIpv4);
-        cellLp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv4, null, MOBILE_IFNAME));
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);
 
         // When NAT64 prefix discovery succeeds, LinkProperties are updated and clatd is started.
         Nat464Xlat clat = getNat464Xlat(mCellNetworkAgent);
@@ -5976,6 +6010,7 @@
         List<LinkProperties> stackedLps = mCm.getLinkProperties(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork())
                 .getStackedLinks();
         assertEquals(makeClatLinkProperties(myIpv4), stackedLps.get(0));
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
 
         // Change trivial linkproperties and see if stacked link is preserved.
         cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"));
@@ -6001,9 +6036,10 @@
         // Add ipv4 address, expect that clatd and prefix discovery are stopped and stacked
         // linkproperties are cleaned up.
         cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4);
-        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv4, null, MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        cellLp.addRoute(ipv4Subnet);
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).stopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
 
@@ -6014,6 +6050,7 @@
         expected.setNat64Prefix(kNat64Prefix);
         assertEquals(expected, actualLpAfterIpv4);
         assertEquals(0, actualLpAfterIpv4.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
 
         // The interface removed callback happens but has no effect after stop is called.
         clat.interfaceRemoved(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
@@ -6021,8 +6058,11 @@
 
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
+        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
         reset(mMockNetd);
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        when(mNetworkManagementService.getInterfaceConfig(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME))
+                .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfig(myIpv4));
 
         // Stopping prefix discovery causes netd to tell us that the NAT64 prefix is gone.
         mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(cellNetId, false /* added */,
@@ -6036,6 +6076,7 @@
         cellLp.removeDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"));
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);  // Directly-connected routes auto-added.
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
         mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(cellNetId, true /* added */,
                 kNat64PrefixString, 96);
@@ -6047,15 +6088,20 @@
         clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
         networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
                 (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 1 && lp.getNat64Prefix() != null);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
 
         // NAT64 prefix is removed. Expect that clat is stopped.
         mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(cellNetId, false /* added */,
                 kNat64PrefixString, 96);
         networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
                 (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 0 && lp.getNat64Prefix() == null);
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet, stackedDefault);
+
+        // Stop has no effect because clat is already stopped.
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
                 (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 0);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
 
         // Clean up.
         mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
@@ -6411,17 +6457,173 @@
         assertEquals(wifiLp, mService.getActiveLinkProperties());
     }
 
+    private void setupLocationPermissions(
+            int targetSdk, boolean locationToggle, String op, String perm) throws Exception {
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = targetSdk;
+        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any()))
+                .thenReturn(applicationInfo);
+
+        when(mLocationManager.isLocationEnabledForUser(any())).thenReturn(locationToggle);
+
+        if (op != null) {
+            when(mAppOpsManager.noteOp(eq(op), eq(Process.myUid()), eq(mContext.getPackageName())))
+                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
+        }
+
+        if (perm != null) {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(perm, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getOwnerUidNetCapsForCallerPermission(int ownerUid, int callerUid) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities().setOwnerUid(ownerUid);
+
+        return mService
+                .maybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCaller(netCap, callerUid, mContext.getPackageName())
+                .getOwnerUid();
+    }
+
     @Test
-    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions() {
-        int callerUid = Process.myUid();
-        final NetworkCapabilities originalNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        originalNc.setOwnerUid(callerUid);
+    public void testMaybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCallerWithFineLocationAfterQ() throws Exception {
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities newNc =
-                mService.networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
-                        originalNc, Process.myPid(), callerUid);
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        assertEquals(myUid, getOwnerUidNetCapsForCallerPermission(myUid, myUid));
+    }
 
-        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID, newNc.getOwnerUid());
+    @Test
+    public void testMaybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCallerWithCoarseLocationPreQ() throws Exception {
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.P, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_COARSE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
+
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        assertEquals(myUid, getOwnerUidNetCapsForCallerPermission(myUid, myUid));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCallerLocationOff() throws Exception {
+        // Test that even with fine location permission, and UIDs matching, the UID is sanitized.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, false, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID, getOwnerUidNetCapsForCallerPermission(myUid, myUid));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCallerWrongUid() throws Exception {
+        // Test that even with fine location permission, not being the owner leads to sanitization.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID, getOwnerUidNetCapsForCallerPermission(myUid + 1, myUid));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCallerWithCoarseLocationAfterQ() throws Exception {
+        // Test that not having fine location permission leads to sanitization.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_COARSE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
+
+        // Test that without the location permission, the owner field is sanitized.
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID, getOwnerUidNetCapsForCallerPermission(myUid, myUid));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaybeSanitizeLocationInfoForCallerWithoutLocationPermission() throws Exception {
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, null /* op */, null /* perm */);
+
+        // Test that without the location permission, the owner field is sanitized.
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID, getOwnerUidNetCapsForCallerPermission(myUid, myUid));
+    }
+
+    private void setupConnectionOwnerUid(int vpnOwnerUid, @VpnManager.VpnType int vpnType)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER));
+        establishVpn(new LinkProperties(), vpnOwnerUid, vpnRange);
+        mMockVpn.setVpnType(vpnType);
+
+        final VpnInfo vpnInfo = new VpnInfo();
+        vpnInfo.ownerUid = vpnOwnerUid;
+        mMockVpn.setVpnInfo(vpnInfo);
+    }
+
+    private void setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(int vpnOwnerUid, @VpnManager.VpnType int vpnType)
+            throws Exception {
+        setupConnectionOwnerUid(vpnOwnerUid, vpnType);
+
+        // Test as VPN app
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
+
+    private ConnectionInfo getTestConnectionInfo() throws Exception {
+        return new ConnectionInfo(
+                IPPROTO_TCP,
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4"), 1234),
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2.3.4.5"), 2345));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM);
+
+        try {
+            mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo());
+            fail("Expected SecurityException for non-VpnService app");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceWrongUser() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(myUid + 1, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+
+        try {
+            mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo());
+            fail("Expected SecurityException for non-VpnService app");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceDoesNotThrow() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+
+        // TODO: Test the returned UID
+        mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceNetworkStackDoesNotThrow() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUid(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        // TODO: Test the returned UID
+        mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceMainlineNetworkStackDoesNotThrow()
+            throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUid(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        // TODO: Test the returned UID
+        mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo());
     }
 
     private TestNetworkAgentWrapper establishVpn(
@@ -6467,6 +6669,20 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void assertRoutesAdded(int netId, RouteInfo... routes) throws Exception {
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetworkManagementService);
+        for (int i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
+            inOrder.verify(mNetworkManagementService).addRoute(eq(netId), eq(routes[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertRoutesRemoved(int netId, RouteInfo... routes) throws Exception {
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetworkManagementService);
+        for (int i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
+            inOrder.verify(mNetworkManagementService).removeRoute(eq(netId), eq(routes[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testRegisterUnregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
         final NetworkRequest wifiRequest =
@@ -6528,7 +6744,7 @@
     public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsNetworkStack() throws Exception {
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
-                        null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), null,
+                        null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), 0,
                         mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0);
 
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
@@ -6544,7 +6760,7 @@
     public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsNoLocationPermission() throws Exception {
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
-                        null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), null,
+                        null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), 0,
                         mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0);
 
         mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
@@ -6560,7 +6776,7 @@
     public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsActiveVpn() throws Exception {
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
-                        null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), null,
+                        null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), 0,
                         mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0);
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
@@ -6586,7 +6802,7 @@
         nc.setAdministratorUids(Arrays.asList(Process.myUid()));
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
-                        null, null, null, null, null, nc, null, mServiceContext, null, null,
+                        null, null, null, null, null, nc, 0, mServiceContext, null, null,
                         mService, null, null, null, 0);
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
@@ -6608,7 +6824,7 @@
         nc.setAdministratorUids(Arrays.asList(Process.myUid()));
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
-                        null, null, null, null, null, nc, null, mServiceContext, null, null,
+                        null, null, null, null, null, nc, 0, mServiceContext, null, null,
                         mService, null, null, null, 0);
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
@@ -6623,21 +6839,6 @@
                         mContext.getOpPackageName()));
     }
 
-    private void setupLocationPermissions(
-            int targetSdk, boolean locationToggle, String op, String perm) throws Exception {
-        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
-        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = targetSdk;
-        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(applicationInfo);
-
-        when(mLocationManager.isLocationEnabledForUser(any())).thenReturn(locationToggle);
-
-        when(mAppOpsManager.noteOp(eq(op), eq(Process.myUid()), eq(mContext.getPackageName())))
-                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
-
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(perm, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-    }
-
     private void setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
         when(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.asBinder()).thenReturn(mIBinder);
@@ -6668,8 +6869,13 @@
         HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Verify onConnectivityReport fired
-        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback)
-                .onConnectivityReport(any(ConnectivityReport.class));
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).onConnectivityReport(
+                argThat(report -> {
+                    final NetworkCapabilities nc = report.getNetworkCapabilities();
+                    return nc.getUids() == null
+                            && nc.getAdministratorUids().isEmpty()
+                            && nc.getOwnerUid() == Process.INVALID_UID;
+                }));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -6684,7 +6890,13 @@
         HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Verify onDataStallSuspected fired
-        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).onDataStallSuspected(any(DataStallReport.class));
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).onDataStallSuspected(
+                argThat(report -> {
+                    final NetworkCapabilities nc = report.getNetworkCapabilities();
+                    return nc.getUids() == null
+                            && nc.getAdministratorUids().isEmpty()
+                            && nc.getOwnerUid() == Process.INVALID_UID;
+                }));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
index e863266..24a8717 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 import android.net.NetworkProvider;
-import android.net.NetworkScore;
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
 
@@ -353,10 +352,8 @@
         NetworkCapabilities caps = new NetworkCapabilities();
         caps.addCapability(0);
         caps.addTransportType(transport);
-        NetworkScore ns = new NetworkScore();
-        ns.putIntExtension(NetworkScore.LEGACY_SCORE, 50);
         NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(null, null, new Network(netId), info, null,
-                caps, ns, mCtx, null, null /* config */, mConnService, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS,
+                caps, 50, mCtx, null, null /* config */, mConnService, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS,
                 NetworkProvider.ID_NONE);
         nai.everValidated = true;
         return nai;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index eb78529..1994d1f 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -59,9 +59,15 @@
 import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Ikev2VpnProfile;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.UidRange;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.VpnService;
@@ -72,6 +78,7 @@
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.security.Credentials;
 import android.security.KeyStore;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -83,6 +90,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.R;
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
+import com.android.server.IpSecService;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -92,6 +100,7 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -124,6 +133,9 @@
     }
 
     static final String TEST_VPN_PKG = "com.dummy.vpn";
+    private static final String TEST_VPN_SERVER = "1.2.3.4";
+    private static final String TEST_VPN_IDENTITY = "identity";
+    private static final byte[] TEST_VPN_PSK = "psk".getBytes();
 
     /**
      * Names and UIDs for some fake packages. Important points:
@@ -150,23 +162,39 @@
     @Mock private Vpn.SystemServices mSystemServices;
     @Mock private Vpn.Ikev2SessionCreator mIkev2SessionCreator;
     @Mock private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    @Mock private IpSecService mIpSecService;
     @Mock private KeyStore mKeyStore;
-    private final VpnProfile mVpnProfile = new VpnProfile("key");
+    private final VpnProfile mVpnProfile;
+
+    private IpSecManager mIpSecManager;
+
+    public VpnTest() throws Exception {
+        // Build an actual VPN profile that is capable of being converted to and from an
+        // Ikev2VpnProfile
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY);
+        builder.setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK);
+        mVpnProfile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+    }
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
+        mIpSecManager = new IpSecManager(mContext, mIpSecService);
+
         when(mContext.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPackageManager);
         setMockedPackages(mPackages);
 
-        when(mContext.getPackageName()).thenReturn(Vpn.class.getPackage().getName());
+        when(mContext.getPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        when(mContext.getOpPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.USER_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mUserManager);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mAppOps);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)))
                 .thenReturn(mNotificationManager);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)))
                 .thenReturn(mConnectivityManager);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mIpSecManager);
         when(mContext.getString(R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent))
                 .thenReturn(Resources.getSystem().getString(
                         R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent));
@@ -260,17 +288,17 @@
         assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
 
         // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, Collections.emptyList()));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, Collections.emptyList(), mKeyStore));
         assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
         assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
 
         // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.emptyList()));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.emptyList(), mKeyStore));
         assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
         assertTrue(vpn.getLockdown());
 
         // Remove always-on configuration.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, Collections.emptyList()));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, Collections.emptyList(), mKeyStore));
         assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
         assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
     }
@@ -284,11 +312,11 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null, mKeyStore));
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null, mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
             new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
             new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -297,7 +325,7 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1]);
 
         // Switch to another app.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null, mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
             new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
             new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -316,7 +344,8 @@
         final UidRange user = UidRange.createForUser(primaryUser.id);
 
         // Set always-on with lockdown and whitelist app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2]), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
                 new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -325,7 +354,8 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
 
         // Change whitelisted app to PKGS[3].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3]), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
         }));
@@ -337,7 +367,8 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Change the VPN app.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3]), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
                 new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
@@ -350,7 +381,7 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Remove the whitelist.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null, mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -363,7 +394,8 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0]);
 
         // Add the whitelist.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1])));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1]), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.stop)
         }));
@@ -375,12 +407,13 @@
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1]);
 
         // Try whitelisting a package with a comma, should be rejected.
-        assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList("a.b,c.d")));
+        assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList("a.b,c.d"), mKeyStore));
 
         // Pass a non-existent packages in the whitelist, they (and only they) should be ignored.
         // Whitelisted package should change from PGKS[1] to PKGS[2].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true,
-                Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app")));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app"), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[]{
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -405,7 +438,7 @@
         final UidRange profile = UidRange.createForUser(tempProfile.id);
 
         // Set lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null, mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
             new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
             new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
@@ -499,22 +532,22 @@
                 .thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(resInfo));
 
         // null package name should return false
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(null));
+        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(null, mKeyStore));
 
         // Pre-N apps are not supported
         appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.M;
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
+        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0], mKeyStore));
 
         // N+ apps are supported by default
         appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.N;
-        assertTrue(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
+        assertTrue(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0], mKeyStore));
 
         // Apps that opt out explicitly are not supported
         appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
         Bundle metaData = new Bundle();
         metaData.putBoolean(VpnService.SERVICE_META_DATA_SUPPORTS_ALWAYS_ON, false);
         svcInfo.metaData = metaData;
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
+        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0], mKeyStore));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -531,7 +564,7 @@
                 .cancelAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), eq(userHandle));
 
         // Start showing a notification for disconnected once always-on.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false, null);
+        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false, null, mKeyStore);
         order.verify(mNotificationManager)
                 .notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), eq(userHandle));
 
@@ -545,7 +578,7 @@
                 .notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), eq(userHandle));
 
         // Notification should be cleared after unsetting always-on package.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
+        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null, mKeyStore);
         order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancelAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), eq(userHandle));
     }
 
@@ -656,8 +689,12 @@
     }
 
     private Vpn createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(int... grantedOps) throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
-        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
+        return createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(primaryUser, grantedOps);
+    }
+
+    private Vpn createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(UserInfo user, int... grantedOps) throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(user.id);
+        setMockedUsers(user);
 
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), anyInt()))
                 .thenReturn(Process.myUid());
@@ -726,6 +763,19 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mVpnProfile, mKeyStore);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testDeleteVpnProfile() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
 
@@ -736,6 +786,19 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testDeleteVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.deleteVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mKeyStore);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testGetVpnProfilePrivileged() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
 
@@ -820,6 +883,32 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mKeyStore);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testSetPackageAuthorizationVpnService() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
 
@@ -864,12 +953,68 @@
                         eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED));
     }
 
+    private void setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(Vpn vpn, int uid, boolean lockdownEnabled) {
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, lockdownEnabled, null, mKeyStore));
+
+        verify(mKeyStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
+        verify(mAppOps).setMode(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN), eq(uid), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
+
+        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
+                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_APP), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), eq(primaryUser.id));
+        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutIntForUser(
+                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN), eq(lockdownEnabled ? 1 : 0),
+                eq(primaryUser.id));
+        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
+                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN_WHITELIST), eq(""), eq(primaryUser.id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAndStartAlwaysOnVpn() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
+
+        // UID checks must return a different UID; otherwise it'll be treated as already prepared.
+        final int uid = Process.myUid() + 1;
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(uid);
+        when(mKeyStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
+                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
+
+        setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(vpn, uid, false);
+        assertTrue(vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn(mKeyStore));
+
+        // TODO: Test the Ikev2VpnRunner started up properly. Relies on utility methods added in
+        // a subsequent CL.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartLegacyVpn() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
+
+        // Dummy egress interface
+        final String egressIface = "DUMMY0";
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(egressIface);
+
+        final RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
+                        InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.0"), egressIface);
+        lp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+
+        vpn.startLegacyVpn(mVpnProfile, mKeyStore, lp);
+
+        // TODO: Test the Ikev2VpnRunner started up properly. Relies on utility methods added in
+        // a subsequent CL.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Mock some methods of vpn object.
      */
     private Vpn createVpn(@UserIdInt int userId) {
         return new Vpn(Looper.myLooper(), mContext, mNetService,
-                userId, mSystemServices, mIkev2SessionCreator);
+                userId, mKeyStore, mSystemServices, mIkev2SessionCreator);
     }
 
     private static void assertBlocked(Vpn vpn, int... uids) {
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index a9e0b9a..36deca3 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.app.AlarmManager;
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -163,7 +164,6 @@
     private @Mock IBinder mBinder;
     private @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
-    private Handler mHandler;
 
     private NetworkStatsService mService;
     private INetworkStatsSession mSession;
@@ -192,15 +192,11 @@
         PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock =
                 powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
 
-        mService = new NetworkStatsService(
-                mServiceContext, mNetManager, mAlarmManager, wakeLock, mClock,
-                mServiceContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class), mSettings,
-                mStatsFactory, new NetworkStatsObservers(),  mStatsDir, getBaseDir(mStatsDir));
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("HandlerThread");
-        mHandlerThread.start();
-        Handler.Callback callback = new NetworkStatsService.HandlerCallback(mService);
-        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper(), callback);
-        mService.setHandler(mHandler, callback);
+        final NetworkStatsService.Dependencies deps = makeDependencies();
+        mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetManager, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
+                mClock, mServiceContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class), mSettings,
+                mStatsFactory, new NetworkStatsObservers(), mStatsDir, getBaseDir(mStatsDir), deps);
 
         mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
 
@@ -217,11 +213,21 @@
 
         // catch INetworkManagementEventObserver during systemReady()
         ArgumentCaptor<INetworkManagementEventObserver> networkObserver =
-              ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkManagementEventObserver.class);
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkManagementEventObserver.class);
         verify(mNetManager).registerObserver(networkObserver.capture());
         mNetworkObserver = networkObserver.getValue();
     }
 
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkStatsService.Dependencies makeDependencies() {
+        return new NetworkStatsService.Dependencies() {
+            @Override
+            public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+                return mHandlerThread;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         IoUtils.deleteContents(mStatsDir);
@@ -234,6 +240,8 @@
 
         mSession.close();
         mService = null;
+
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -939,9 +947,7 @@
         long minThresholdInBytes = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2 MB
         assertEquals(minThresholdInBytes, request.thresholdInBytes);
 
-        // Send dummy message to make sure that any previous message has been handled
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(-1));
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandler, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
 
         // Make sure that the caller binder gets connected
         verify(mBinder).linkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class), anyInt());
@@ -1077,7 +1083,7 @@
 
         // Simulates alert quota of the provider has been reached.
         cb.onAlertReached();
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandler, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
 
         // Verifies that polling is triggered by alert reached.
         provider.expectStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
@@ -1294,9 +1300,7 @@
 
     private void forcePollAndWaitForIdle() {
         mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL));
-        // Send dummy message to make sure that any previous message has been handled
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(-1));
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandler, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
     }
 
     static class LatchedHandler extends Handler {