diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
index a7e8ccf..68d694a 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
@@ -28,26 +28,4 @@
     public TetherLimitKey(final int ifindex) {
         this.ifindex = ifindex;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherLimitKey)) return false;
-
-        final TetherLimitKey that = (TetherLimitKey) obj;
-
-        return ifindex == that.ifindex;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Integer.hashCode(ifindex);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("ifindex: %d", ifindex);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
index ed7e7d4..00dfcc6 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
@@ -32,26 +32,4 @@
     public TetherLimitValue(final long limit) {
         this.limit = limit;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherLimitValue)) return false;
-
-        final TetherLimitValue that = (TetherLimitValue) obj;
-
-        return limit == that.limit;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Long.hashCode(limit);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("limit: %d", limit);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
index 12200ec..f0af3dd 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
 
 /** Key type for clat egress IPv4 maps. */
 public class ClatEgress4Key extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long iif; // The input interface index
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int iif; // The input interface index
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv4Address)
     public final Inet4Address local4; // The source IPv4 address
 
-    public ClatEgress4Key(final long iif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+    public ClatEgress4Key(final int iif, final Inet4Address local4) {
         this.iif = iif;
         this.local4 = local4;
     }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
index c10cb4d..69fab09 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
 /** Value type for clat egress IPv4 maps. */
 public class ClatEgress4Value extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long oif; // The output interface to redirect to
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int oif; // The output interface to redirect to
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
     public final Inet6Address local6; // The full 128-bits of the source IPv6 address
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
     public final short oifIsEthernet; // Whether the output interface requires ethernet header
 
-    public ClatEgress4Value(final long oif, final Inet6Address local6, final Inet6Address pfx96,
+    public ClatEgress4Value(final int oif, final Inet6Address local6, final Inet6Address pfx96,
             final short oifIsEthernet) {
         this.oif = oif;
         this.local6 = local6;
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
index 1e2f4e0..561113c 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
 /** Key type for clat ingress IPv6 maps. */
 public class ClatIngress6Key extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long iif; // The input interface index
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int iif; // The input interface index
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
     public final Inet6Address pfx96; // The source /96 nat64 prefix, bottom 32 bits must be 0
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     @Field(order = 2, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
     public final Inet6Address local6; // The full 128-bits of the destination IPv6 address
 
-    public ClatIngress6Key(final long iif, final Inet6Address pfx96, final Inet6Address local6) {
+    public ClatIngress6Key(final int iif, final Inet6Address pfx96, final Inet6Address local6) {
         this.iif = iif;
         this.pfx96 = pfx96;
         this.local6 = local6;
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
index bfec44f..fb81caa 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
 
 /** Value type for clat ingress IPv6 maps. */
 public class ClatIngress6Value extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long oif; // The output interface to redirect to (0 means don't redirect)
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int oif; // The output interface to redirect to (0 means don't redirect)
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv4Address)
     public final Inet4Address local4; // The destination IPv4 address
 
-    public ClatIngress6Value(final long oif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+    public ClatIngress6Value(final int oif, final Inet4Address local4) {
         this.oif = oif;
         this.local4 = local4;
     }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java
index e1a221f..3fbd6fc 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
  * Value for cookie tag map.
  */
 public class CookieTagMapValue extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long uid;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int uid;
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
     public final long tag;
 
-    public CookieTagMapValue(final long uid, final long tag) {
+    public CookieTagMapValue(final int uid, final long tag) {
         this.uid = uid;
         this.tag = tag;
     }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
index c6d595b..68111b6 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
@@ -22,32 +22,10 @@
 
 /** The key of BpfMap which is used for tethering stats. */
 public class TetherStatsKey extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long ifindex;  // upstream interface index
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int ifindex;  // upstream interface index
 
-    public TetherStatsKey(final long ifindex) {
+    public TetherStatsKey(final int ifindex) {
         this.ifindex = ifindex;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsKey)) return false;
-
-        final TetherStatsKey that = (TetherStatsKey) obj;
-
-        return ifindex == that.ifindex;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Long.hashCode(ifindex);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("ifindex: %d", ifindex);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
index 028d217..f05d1b7 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
@@ -47,34 +47,4 @@
         this.txBytes = txBytes;
         this.txErrors = txErrors;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsValue)) return false;
-
-        final TetherStatsValue that = (TetherStatsValue) obj;
-
-        return rxPackets == that.rxPackets
-                && rxBytes == that.rxBytes
-                && rxErrors == that.rxErrors
-                && txPackets == that.txPackets
-                && txBytes == that.txBytes
-                && txErrors == that.txErrors;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Long.hashCode(rxPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(rxBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(rxErrors)
-                ^ Long.hashCode(txPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(txBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(txErrors);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("rxPackets: %s, rxBytes: %s, rxErrors: %s, txPackets: %s, "
-                + "txBytes: %s, txErrors: %s", rxPackets, rxBytes, rxErrors, txPackets,
-                txBytes, txErrors);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
index 57466a6..ceae9ba 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 
 /**
  * Monitor interface added (without removed) and right interface name and its index to bpf map.
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     // This is current path but may be changed soon.
     private static final String IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH =
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_iface_index_name_map";
-    private final IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
     private final INetd mNetd;
     private final Handler mHandler;
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static class Dependencies {
         /** Create BpfMap for updating interface and index mapping. */
-        public IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                    U32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
+                    S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create interface map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
         }
 
         try {
-            mBpfMap.updateEntry(new U32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
+            mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Unable to update entry for " + ifaceName + ", " + e);
         }
@@ -140,9 +140,9 @@
     }
 
     /** get interface name by interface index from bpf map */
-    public String getIfNameByIndex(final long index) {
+    public String getIfNameByIndex(final int index) {
         try {
-            final InterfaceMapValue value = mBpfMap.getValue(new U32(index));
+            final InterfaceMapValue value = mBpfMap.getValue(new S32(index));
             if (value == null) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "No if name entry for index " + index);
                 return null;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 807f5d7..0da7b6f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapKey;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapValue;
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
      * mActiveUidCounterSet to avoid accessing kernel too frequently.
      */
     private SparseIntArray mActiveUidCounterSet = new SparseIntArray();
-    private final IBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap;
     private final IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap;
     private final IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapA;
     private final IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapB;
@@ -741,10 +741,10 @@
         }
 
         /** Get counter sets map for each UID. */
-        public IBpfMap<U32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
+        public IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<U32, U8>(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                        U32.class, U8.class);
+                return new BpfMap<S32, U8>(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                        S32.class, U8.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open uid counter set map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -1747,7 +1747,7 @@
 
         if (set == SET_DEFAULT) {
             try {
-                mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+                mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new S32(uid));
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "UidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(" + uid + ") failed with errno: " + e);
             }
@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@
         }
 
         try {
-            mUidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) set));
+            mUidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid), new U8((short) set));
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "UidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(" + uid + ", " + set
                     + ") failed with errno: " + e);
@@ -2472,7 +2472,7 @@
         deleteStatsMapTagData(mStatsMapB, uid);
 
         try {
-            mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+            mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new S32(uid));
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             logErrorIfNotErrNoent(e, "Failed to delete tag data from uid counter set map");
         }
@@ -2896,9 +2896,8 @@
         BpfDump.dumpMap(statsMap, pw, mapName,
                 "ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets",
                 (key, value) -> {
-                    final long ifIndex = key.ifaceIndex;
-                    final String ifName = mInterfaceMapUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(ifIndex);
-                    return ifIndex + " "
+                    final String ifName = mInterfaceMapUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(key.ifaceIndex);
+                    return key.ifaceIndex + " "
                             + (ifName != null ? ifName : "unknown") + " "
                             + "0x" + Long.toHexString(key.tag) + " "
                             + key.uid + " "
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
index ea8d836..44269b3 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
  * Key for both stats maps.
  */
 public class StatsMapKey extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long uid;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int uid;
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
     public final long tag;
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
     @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
     public final long counterSet;
 
-    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long ifaceIndex;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int ifaceIndex;
 
-    public StatsMapKey(final long uid, final long tag, final long counterSet,
-            final long ifaceIndex) {
+    public StatsMapKey(final int uid, final long tag, final long counterSet,
+            final int ifaceIndex) {
         this.uid = uid;
         this.tag = tag;
         this.counterSet = counterSet;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
index 2849f94..59025fd 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
  * Key for uid stats map.
  */
 public class UidStatsMapKey extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long uid;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int uid;
 
-    public UidStatsMapKey(final long uid) {
+    public UidStatsMapKey(final int uid) {
         this.uid = uid;
     }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index 758c013..dbfc383 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapKey;
@@ -105,16 +106,16 @@
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_uid_permission_map";
     private static final String COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH =
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_cookie_tag_map";
-    private static final U32 UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new U32(0);
-    private static final U32 CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new U32(1);
+    private static final S32 UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new S32(0);
+    private static final S32 CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new S32(1);
     private static final long UID_RULES_DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION = 0;
     private static final long STATS_SELECT_MAP_A = 0;
     private static final long STATS_SELECT_MAP_B = 1;
 
-    private static IBpfMap<U32, U32> sConfigurationMap = null;
+    private static IBpfMap<S32, U32> sConfigurationMap = null;
     // BpfMap for UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH. This map is not accessed by others.
-    private static IBpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> sUidOwnerMap = null;
-    private static IBpfMap<U32, U8> sUidPermissionMap = null;
+    private static IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> sUidOwnerMap = null;
+    private static IBpfMap<S32, U8> sUidPermissionMap = null;
     private static IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> sCookieTagMap = null;
 
     // LINT.IfChange(match_type)
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@
      * Set configurationMap for test.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public static void setConfigurationMapForTest(IBpfMap<U32, U32> configurationMap) {
+    public static void setConfigurationMapForTest(IBpfMap<S32, U32> configurationMap) {
         sConfigurationMap = configurationMap;
     }
 
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@
      * Set uidOwnerMap for test.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public static void setUidOwnerMapForTest(IBpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap) {
+    public static void setUidOwnerMapForTest(IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap) {
         sUidOwnerMap = uidOwnerMap;
     }
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@
      * Set uidPermissionMap for test.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public static void setUidPermissionMapForTest(IBpfMap<U32, U8> uidPermissionMap) {
+    public static void setUidPermissionMapForTest(IBpfMap<S32, U8> uidPermissionMap) {
         sUidPermissionMap = uidPermissionMap;
     }
 
@@ -174,28 +175,28 @@
         sCookieTagMap = cookieTagMap;
     }
 
-    private static IBpfMap<U32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
+    private static IBpfMap<S32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
         try {
             return new BpfMap<>(
-                    CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, U32.class, U32.class);
+                    CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, U32.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open netd configuration map", e);
         }
     }
 
-    private static IBpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> getUidOwnerMap() {
+    private static IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> getUidOwnerMap() {
         try {
             return new BpfMap<>(
-                    UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, U32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
+                    UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid owner map", e);
         }
     }
 
-    private static IBpfMap<U32, U8> getUidPermissionMap() {
+    private static IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidPermissionMap() {
         try {
             return new BpfMap<>(
-                    UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, U32.class, U8.class);
+                    UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, S32.class, U8.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid permission map", e);
         }
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@
     private void removeRule(final int uid, final long match, final String caller) {
         try {
             synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
-                final UidOwnerValue oldMatch = sUidOwnerMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
+                final UidOwnerValue oldMatch = sUidOwnerMap.getValue(new S32(uid));
 
                 if (oldMatch == null) {
                     throw new ServiceSpecificException(ENOENT,
@@ -402,9 +403,9 @@
                 );
 
                 if (newMatch.rule == 0) {
-                    sUidOwnerMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+                    sUidOwnerMap.deleteEntry(new S32(uid));
                 } else {
-                    sUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), newMatch);
+                    sUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid), newMatch);
                 }
             }
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
@@ -413,7 +414,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void addRule(final int uid, final long match, final long iif, final String caller) {
+    private void addRule(final int uid, final long match, final int iif, final String caller) {
         if (match != IIF_MATCH && iif != 0) {
             throw new ServiceSpecificException(EINVAL,
                     "Non-interface match must have zero interface index");
@@ -421,7 +422,7 @@
 
         try {
             synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
-                final UidOwnerValue oldMatch = sUidOwnerMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
+                final UidOwnerValue oldMatch = sUidOwnerMap.getValue(new S32(uid));
 
                 final UidOwnerValue newMatch;
                 if (oldMatch != null) {
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@
                             match
                     );
                 }
-                sUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), newMatch);
+                sUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid), newMatch);
             }
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
@@ -855,7 +856,7 @@
             if (permissions == PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED || permissions == PERMISSION_INTERNET) {
                 for (final int uid : uids) {
                     try {
-                        sUidPermissionMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+                        sUidPermissionMap.deleteEntry(new S32(uid));
                     } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                         Log.e(TAG, "Failed to remove uid " + uid + " from permission map: " + e);
                     }
@@ -865,7 +866,7 @@
 
             for (final int uid : uids) {
                 try {
-                    sUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) permissions));
+                    sUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid), new U8((short) permissions));
                 } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                     Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set permission "
                             + permissions + " to uid " + uid + ": " + e);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 8ec979a..93265e5 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -353,6 +353,12 @@
     // connect anyway?" dialog after the user selects a network that doesn't validate.
     private static final int PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS = 8 * 1000;
 
+    // How long to wait before considering that a network is bad in the absence of any form
+    // of connectivity (valid, partial, captive portal). If none has been detected after this
+    // delay, the stack considers this network bad, which may affect how it's handled in ranking
+    // according to config_networkAvoidBadWifi.
+    private static final int INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 20 * 1000;
+
     // Default to 30s linger time-out, and 5s for nascent network. Modifiable only for testing.
     private static final String LINGER_DELAY_PROPERTY = "persist.netmon.linger";
     private static final int DEFAULT_LINGER_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
@@ -581,12 +587,6 @@
     private static final int EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED = 28;
 
     /**
-     * used to ask the user to confirm a connection to an unvalidated network.
-     * obj  = network
-     */
-    private static final int EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = 29;
-
-    /**
      * used internally to (re)configure always-on networks.
      */
     private static final int EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS = 30;
@@ -725,6 +725,14 @@
     private static final int EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED = 56;
 
     /**
+     * The initial evaluation period is over for this network.
+     *
+     * If no form of connectivity has been found on this network (valid, partial, captive portal)
+     * then the stack will now consider it to have been determined bad.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT = 57;
+
+    /**
      * Argument for {@link #EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION} to indicate that the notification
      * should be shown.
      */
@@ -3342,17 +3350,6 @@
         pw.increaseIndent();
         mNetworkActivityTracker.dump(pw);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
-
-        // pre-T is logged by netd.
-        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            pw.println();
-            pw.println("BPF programs & maps:");
-            pw.increaseIndent();
-            // Flush is required. Otherwise, the traces in fd can interleave with traces in pw.
-            pw.flush();
-            dumpTrafficController(pw, fd, /*verbose=*/ true);
-            pw.decreaseIndent();
-        }
     }
 
     private void dumpNetworks(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
@@ -3791,7 +3788,17 @@
 
         private void handleNetworkTested(
                 @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, int testResult, @NonNull String redirectUrl) {
-            final boolean valid = ((testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0);
+            final boolean valid = (testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0;
+            final boolean partial = (testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL) != 0;
+            final boolean captive = !TextUtils.isEmpty(redirectUrl);
+
+            // If there is any kind of working networking, then the NAI has been evaluated
+            // once. {@see NetworkAgentInfo#setEvaluated}, which returns whether this is
+            // the first time this ever happened.
+            final boolean someConnectivity = (valid || partial || captive);
+            final boolean becameEvaluated = someConnectivity && nai.setEvaluated();
+            if (becameEvaluated) nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+
             if (!valid && shouldIgnoreValidationFailureAfterRoam(nai)) {
                 // Assume the validation failure is due to a temporary failure after roaming
                 // and ignore it. NetworkMonitor will continue to retry validation. If it
@@ -3834,8 +3841,13 @@
                 }
             } else if (partialConnectivityChanged) {
                 updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+            } else if (becameEvaluated) {
+                // If valid or partial connectivity changed, updateCapabilities* has
+                // done the rematch.
+                rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
             }
             updateInetCondition(nai);
+
             // Let the NetworkAgent know the state of its network
             // TODO: Evaluate to update partial connectivity to status to NetworkAgent.
             nai.onValidationStatusChanged(
@@ -3843,13 +3855,13 @@
                     redirectUrl);
 
             // If NetworkMonitor detects partial connectivity before
-            // EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED arrives, show the partial connectivity notification
+            // EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT arrives, show the partial connectivity notification
             // immediately. Re-notify partial connectivity silently if no internet
             // notification already there.
             if (!wasPartial && nai.partialConnectivity()) {
                 // Remove delayed message if there is a pending message.
-                mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED, nai.network);
-                handlePromptUnvalidated(nai.network);
+                mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT, nai.network);
+                handleInitialEvaluationTimeout(nai.network);
             }
 
             if (wasValidated && !nai.isValidated()) {
@@ -4949,16 +4961,11 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(@NonNull final Network network) {
-        scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(network, PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS);
-    }
-
-    /** Schedule unvalidated prompt for testing */
+    /** Schedule evaluation timeout */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public void scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(@NonNull final Network network, final long delayMs) {
-        if (VDBG) log("scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt " + network);
+    public void scheduleEvaluationTimeout(@NonNull final Network network, final long delayMs) {
         mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(
-                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED, network), delayMs);
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT, network), delayMs);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -5193,23 +5200,28 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private void handlePromptUnvalidated(Network network) {
-        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("handlePromptUnvalidated " + network);
-        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+    private void handleInitialEvaluationTimeout(@NonNull final Network network) {
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("handleInitialEvaluationTimeout " + network);
 
-        if (nai == null || !shouldPromptUnvalidated(nai)) {
-            return;
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (null == nai) return;
+
+        if (nai.setEvaluated()) {
+            // If setEvaluated() returned true, the network never had any form of connectivity.
+            // This may have an impact on request matching if bad WiFi avoidance is off and the
+            // network was found not to have Internet access.
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+            rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         }
 
+        if (!shouldPromptUnvalidated(nai)) return;
+
         // Stop automatically reconnecting to this network in the future. Automatically connecting
         // to a network that provides no or limited connectivity is not useful, because the user
         // cannot use that network except through the notification shown by this method, and the
         // notification is only shown if the network is explicitly selected by the user.
         nai.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
 
-        // TODO: Evaluate if it's needed to wait 8 seconds for triggering notification when
-        // NetworkMonitor detects the network is partial connectivity. Need to change the design to
-        // popup the notification immediately when the network is partial connectivity.
         if (nai.partialConnectivity()) {
             showNetworkNotification(nai, NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
         } else {
@@ -5348,8 +5360,8 @@
                     handleSetAvoidUnvalidated((Network) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
-                case EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED: {
-                    handlePromptUnvalidated((Network) msg.obj);
+                case EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT: {
+                    handleInitialEvaluationTimeout((Network) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS: {
@@ -9213,7 +9225,7 @@
                 networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkConnected(params.linkProperties,
                         params.networkCapabilities);
             }
-            scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(networkAgent.network);
+            scheduleEvaluationTimeout(networkAgent.network, INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS);
 
             // Whether a particular NetworkRequest listen should cause signal strength thresholds to
             // be communicated to a particular NetworkAgent depends only on the network's immutable,
@@ -9627,6 +9639,8 @@
             try {
                 switch (cmd) {
                     case "airplane-mode":
+                        // Usage : adb shell cmd connectivity airplane-mode [enable|disable]
+                        // If no argument, get and display the current status
                         final String action = getNextArg();
                         if ("enable".equals(action)) {
                             setAirplaneMode(true);
@@ -9644,6 +9658,27 @@
                             onHelp();
                             return -1;
                         }
+                    case "reevaluate":
+                        // Usage : adb shell cmd connectivity reevaluate <netId>
+                        // If netId is omitted, then reevaluate the default network
+                        final String netId = getNextArg();
+                        final NetworkAgentInfo nai;
+                        if (null == netId) {
+                            // Note that the command is running on the wrong thread to call this,
+                            // so this could in principle return stale data. But it can't crash.
+                            nai = getDefaultNetwork();
+                        } else {
+                            // If netId can't be parsed, this throws NumberFormatException, which
+                            // is passed back to adb who prints it.
+                            nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(Integer.parseInt(netId));
+                        }
+                        if (null == nai) {
+                            pw.println("Unknown network (net ID not found or no default network)");
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Reevaluating network " + nai.network);
+                        reportNetworkConnectivity(nai.network, !nai.isValidated());
+                        return 0;
                     default:
                         return handleDefaultCommands(cmd);
                 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java b/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
index f89e354..d6c0e0d 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@
 /** Value type for per uid traffic control configuration map  */
 public class UidOwnerValue extends Struct {
     // Allowed interface index. Only applicable if IIF_MATCH is set in the rule bitmask below.
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long iif;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int iif;
 
     // A bitmask of match type.
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
     public final long rule;
 
-    public UidOwnerValue(final long iif, final long rule) {
+    public UidOwnerValue(final int iif, final long rule) {
         this.iif = iif;
         this.rule = rule;
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
index fed96b4..7b11eda 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
     public final byte[] dst46;
 
-    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long ifIndex;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int ifIndex;
 
     @Field(order = 3, type = Type.UBE16)
     public final int srcPort;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
         return mask;
     }
 
-    private DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final long ifIndex,
+    private DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final int ifIndex,
             final int srcPort, final int dstPortStart, final int dstPortEnd, final short proto,
             final byte dscp) {
         this.src46 = toAddressField(src46);
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
         this.mask = makeMask(this.src46, this.dst46, srcPort, dstPortStart, proto, dscp);
     }
 
-    public DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final long ifIndex,
+    public DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final int ifIndex,
             final int srcPort, final Range<Integer> dstPort, final short proto,
             final byte dscp) {
         this(src46, dst46, ifIndex, srcPort, dstPort != null ? dstPort.getLower() : -1,
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index a4c70c8..c732170 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
@@ -399,6 +400,12 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    /** When this network ever concluded its first evaluation, or 0 if this never happened. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public long getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime() {
+        return mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime;
+    }
+
     // Delay between when the network is disconnected and when the native network is destroyed.
     public int teardownDelayMs;
 
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
index ab97f2d..93cf748 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
 import android.net.ConnectivityMetricsEvent;
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
     private static final int FAKE_NET_ID = 100;
     private static final int[] FAKE_TRANSPORT_TYPES = unpackBits(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
     private static final long FAKE_TIME_STAMP = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    private static final long THREAD_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L;
     private static final String FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME = "test";
     private static final IpReachabilityEvent FAKE_EV =
             new IpReachabilityEvent(IpReachabilityEvent.NUD_FAILED);
@@ -93,22 +94,26 @@
 
         final int nCallers = 10;
         final int nEvents = 10;
+        final Thread[] threads = new Thread[nCallers];
         for (int n = 0; n < nCallers; n++) {
             final int i = n;
-            new Thread() {
-                public void run() {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < nEvents; j++) {
-                        assertTrue(logger.log(makeExpectedEvent(
-                                FAKE_TIME_STAMP + i * 100 + j,
-                                FAKE_NET_ID + i * 100 + j,
-                                ((i + j) % 2 == 0) ? TRANSPORT_WIFI : TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
-                                FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME)));
-                    }
+            threads[i] = new Thread(() -> {
+                for (int j = 0; j < nEvents; j++) {
+                    assertTrue(logger.log(makeExpectedEvent(
+                            FAKE_TIME_STAMP + i * 100 + j,
+                            FAKE_NET_ID + i * 100 + j,
+                            ((i + j) % 2 == 0) ? TRANSPORT_WIFI : TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                            FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME)));
                 }
-            }.start();
+            });
+            threads[i].start();
+        }
+        // To ensure the events have been sent out on each thread. Wait for the thread to die.
+        for (Thread thread : threads) {
+            thread.join(THREAD_TIMEOUT_MS);
         }
 
-        List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> got = verifyEvents(nCallers * nEvents, 200);
+        final List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> got = verifyEvents(nCallers * nEvents);
         Collections.sort(got, EVENT_COMPARATOR);
         Iterator<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> iter = got.iterator();
         for (int i = 0; i < nCallers; i++) {
@@ -123,17 +128,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> verifyEvents(int n, int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
+    private List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> verifyEvents(int n) throws Exception {
         ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> captor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityMetricsEvent.class);
-        verify(mMockService, timeout(timeoutMs).times(n)).logEvent(captor.capture());
+        verify(mMockService, times(n)).logEvent(captor.capture());
         return captor.getAllValues();
     }
 
-    private List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> verifyEvents(int n) throws Exception {
-        return verifyEvents(n, 10);
-    }
-
 
     private ConnectivityMetricsEvent makeExpectedEvent(long timestamp, int netId, long transports,
             String ifname) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/IkeSessionTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/IkeSessionTestUtils.java
index 244bfc5..11eb466 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/IkeSessionTestUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/IkeSessionTestUtils.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.ChildSaProposal;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeFqdnIdentification;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeIdentification;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeIpv4AddrIdentification;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeIpv6AddrIdentification;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSaProposal;
@@ -57,6 +58,11 @@
     }
 
     private static IkeSessionParams getTestIkeSessionParams(boolean testIpv6) {
+        return getTestIkeSessionParams(testIpv6, new IkeFqdnIdentification(TEST_IDENTITY));
+    }
+
+    public static IkeSessionParams getTestIkeSessionParams(boolean testIpv6,
+            IkeIdentification identification) {
         final String testServer = testIpv6 ? TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6 : TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V4;
         final InetAddress addr = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(testServer);
         final IkeSessionParams.Builder ikeOptionsBuilder =
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
index 2f5b0ab..3b68120 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
 import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.IKE_PARAMS_V6;
+import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.getTestIkeSessionParams;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeKeyIdIdentification;
 import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.test.mock.MockContext;
@@ -446,6 +448,40 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testBuildWithIkeTunConnParamsConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        // Special keyId that contains delimiter character of VpnProfile
+        final byte[] keyId = "foo\0bar".getBytes();
+        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams = new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(
+                getTestIkeSessionParams(true /* testIpv6 */, new IkeKeyIdIdentification(keyId)),
+                CHILD_PARAMS);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikev2VpnProfile = new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams).build();
+        final VpnProfile vpnProfile = ikev2VpnProfile.toVpnProfile();
+
+        assertEquals(VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_FROM_IKE_TUN_CONN_PARAMS, vpnProfile.type);
+
+        // Username, password, server, ipsecIdentifier, ipsecCaCert, ipsecSecret, ipsecUserCert and
+        // getAllowedAlgorithms should not be set if IkeTunnelConnectionParams is set.
+        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.server);
+        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecIdentifier);
+        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.username);
+        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.password);
+        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecCaCert);
+        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecSecret);
+        assertEquals("", vpnProfile.ipsecUserCert);
+        assertEquals(0, vpnProfile.getAllowedAlgorithms().size());
+
+        // IkeTunnelConnectionParams should stay the same.
+        assertEquals(tunnelParams, vpnProfile.ikeTunConnParams);
+
+        // Convert to disk-stable format and then back to Ikev2VpnProfile should be the same.
+        final VpnProfile decodedVpnProfile =
+                VpnProfile.decode(vpnProfile.key, vpnProfile.encode());
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile convertedIkev2VpnProfile =
+                Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(decodedVpnProfile);
+        assertEquals(ikev2VpnProfile, convertedIkev2VpnProfile);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testConversionIsLosslessWithIkeTunConnParams() throws Exception {
         final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
                 new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(IKE_PARAMS_V6, CHILD_PARAMS);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index eb5d2ef..4966aed 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapKey;
@@ -102,8 +103,8 @@
     private static final int NO_IIF = 0;
     private static final int NULL_IIF = 0;
     private static final String CHAINNAME = "fw_dozable";
-    private static final U32 UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new U32(0);
-    private static final U32 CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new U32(1);
+    private static final S32 UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new S32(0);
+    private static final S32 CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new S32(1);
     private static final List<Integer> FIREWALL_CHAINS = List.of(
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE,
             FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY,
@@ -123,10 +124,10 @@
     @Mock INetd mNetd;
     @Mock BpfNetMaps.Dependencies mDeps;
     @Mock Context mContext;
-    private final IBpfMap<U32, U32> mConfigurationMap = new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U32.class);
-    private final IBpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> mUidOwnerMap =
-            new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
-    private final IBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidPermissionMap = new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U8.class);
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, U32> mConfigurationMap = new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, U32.class);
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> mUidOwnerMap =
+            new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, U8> mUidPermissionMap = new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, U8.class);
     private final IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap =
             spy(new TestBpfMap<>(CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class));
 
@@ -292,9 +293,9 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true /* enable */));
     }
 
-    private void checkUidOwnerValue(final long uid, final long expectedIif,
+    private void checkUidOwnerValue(final int uid, final int expectedIif,
             final long expectedMatch) throws Exception {
-        final UidOwnerValue config = mUidOwnerMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
+        final UidOwnerValue config = mUidOwnerMap.getValue(new S32(uid));
         if (expectedMatch == 0) {
             assertNull(config);
         } else {
@@ -303,8 +304,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
+    private void doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
 
@@ -341,9 +342,9 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestAddNaughtyApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestAddNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
-            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
+            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
         }
 
         mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
@@ -373,8 +374,8 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveNiceApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
+    private void doTestRemoveNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID);
 
@@ -411,9 +412,9 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestAddNiceApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestAddNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
-            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
+            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
         }
 
         mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(TEST_UID);
@@ -443,10 +444,10 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestUpdateUidLockdownRule(final long iif, final long match, final boolean add)
+    private void doTestUpdateUidLockdownRule(final int iif, final long match, final boolean add)
             throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
-            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
+            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
         }
 
         mBpfNetMaps.updateUidLockdownRule(TEST_UID, add);
@@ -516,8 +517,8 @@
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
         final long match0 = DOZABLE_MATCH;
         final long match1 = DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH;
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match1));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match1));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.addUidInterfaceRules(TEST_IF_NAME, TEST_UIDS);
 
@@ -532,8 +533,8 @@
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
         final long match0 = IIF_MATCH;
         final long match1 = IIF_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH;
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX + 1, match0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX + 1, match0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.addUidInterfaceRules(TEST_IF_NAME, TEST_UIDS);
 
@@ -556,8 +557,8 @@
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
         final long match0 = IIF_MATCH;
         final long match1 = IIF_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH;
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, match0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, match0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.addUidInterfaceRules(null /* ifName */, TEST_UIDS);
 
@@ -565,12 +566,12 @@
         checkUidOwnerValue(uid1, NULL_IIF, match1);
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveUidInterfaceRules(final long iif0, final long match0,
-            final long iif1, final long match1) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestRemoveUidInterfaceRules(final int iif0, final long match0,
+            final int iif1, final long match1) throws Exception {
         final int uid0 = TEST_UIDS[0];
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(iif0, match0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(iif1, match1));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(iif0, match0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(iif1, match1));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.removeUidInterfaceRules(TEST_UIDS);
 
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@
     }
 
     private void doTestSetUidRule(final List<Integer> testChains) throws Exception {
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, IIF_MATCH));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, IIF_MATCH));
 
         for (final int chain: testChains) {
             final int ruleToAddMatch = mBpfNetMaps.isFirewallAllowList(chain)
@@ -697,8 +698,8 @@
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
         final long match0 = POWERSAVE_MATCH;
         final long match1 = POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH;
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match1));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NO_IIF, match1));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, new int[]{uid1});
 
@@ -713,8 +714,8 @@
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
         final long match0 = IIF_MATCH;
         final long match1 = IIF_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH;
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, match0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, match0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, TEST_UIDS);
 
@@ -729,8 +730,8 @@
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
         final long match0 = IIF_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH;
         final long match1 = IIF_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH;
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, match0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(TEST_IF_INDEX, match0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid1), new UidOwnerValue(NULL_IIF, match1));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, new int[]{uid1});
 
@@ -768,8 +769,8 @@
 
         final int uid0 = TEST_UIDS[0];
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -780,8 +781,8 @@
 
         final int uid0 = TEST_UIDS[0];
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -792,8 +793,8 @@
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_INTERNET, TEST_UIDS);
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_NONE, new int[]{uid0});
 
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)));
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -804,8 +805,8 @@
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, TEST_UIDS);
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_NONE, new int[]{uid0});
 
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -817,8 +818,8 @@
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(permission, TEST_UIDS);
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_NONE, new int[]{uid0});
 
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -830,8 +831,8 @@
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(permission, TEST_UIDS);
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, new int[]{uid0});
 
-        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)));
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)));
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -842,28 +843,28 @@
         final int permission = PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
 
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(permission, TEST_UIDS);
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
 
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(permission, TEST_UIDS);
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(permission, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
 
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_NONE, TEST_UIDS);
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
 
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_NONE, TEST_UIDS);
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
-        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)).val);
+        assertEquals(PERMISSION_NONE, mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)).val);
 
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, TEST_UIDS);
-        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)));
-        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)));
+        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)));
+        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, TEST_UIDS);
-        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)));
-        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)));
+        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid0)));
+        assertNull(mUidPermissionMap.getValue(new S32(uid1)));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -898,13 +899,13 @@
         mCookieTagMap.updateEntry(new CookieTagMapKey(0), new CookieTagMapValue(0, 0));
 
         // mUidOwnerMap has 2 entries
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(0), new UidOwnerValue(0, 0));
-        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(1), new UidOwnerValue(0, 0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(0), new UidOwnerValue(0, 0));
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new S32(1), new UidOwnerValue(0, 0));
 
         // mUidPermissionMap has 3 entries
-        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new U32(0), new U8((short) 0));
-        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new U32(1), new U8((short) 0));
-        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new U32(2), new U8((short) 0));
+        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(0), new U8((short) 0));
+        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(1), new U8((short) 0));
+        mUidPermissionMap.updateEntry(new S32(2), new U8((short) 0));
 
         final int ret = mBpfNetMaps.pullBpfMapInfoAtom(NETWORK_BPF_MAP_INFO, new ArrayList<>());
         assertEquals(StatsManager.PULL_SUCCESS, ret);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 687f157..d2a7135 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -3539,7 +3539,7 @@
      **/
     private int expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotify(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent,
             NotificationType type) {
-        mService.scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(agent.getNetwork(), 0 /* delayMs */);
+        mService.scheduleEvaluationTimeout(agent.getNetwork(), 0 /* delayMs */);
         waitForIdle();
         return expectNotification(agent, type);
     }
@@ -3561,7 +3561,7 @@
      * @return the notification ID.
      **/
     private void expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent) {
-        mService.scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(agent.getNetwork(), 0 /*delayMs */);
+        mService.scheduleEvaluationTimeout(agent.getNetwork(), 0 /*delayMs */);
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), any());
     }
@@ -3784,6 +3784,63 @@
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
     }
 
+    private void doTestFirstEvaluation(
+            @NonNull final Consumer<TestNetworkAgentWrapper> doConnect,
+            final boolean waitForSecondCaps,
+            final boolean evaluatedByValidation)
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        doConnect.accept(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // Expect the available callbacks, but don't require specific values for their arguments
+        // since this method doesn't know how the network was connected.
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        if (waitForSecondCaps) {
+            // This is necessary because of b/245893397, the same bug that happens where we use
+            // expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks.
+            callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        }
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai =
+                mService.getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        final long firstEvaluation = nai.getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime();
+        if (evaluatedByValidation) {
+            assertNotEquals(0L, firstEvaluation);
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(0L, firstEvaluation);
+        }
+        mService.scheduleEvaluationTimeout(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), 0L /* timeout */);
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (evaluatedByValidation) {
+            assertEquals(firstEvaluation, nai.getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime());
+        } else {
+            assertNotEquals(0L, nai.getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime());
+        }
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEverEvaluated() throws Exception {
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connect(true /* validated */),
+                true /* waitForSecondCaps */, true /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connectWithPartialConnectivity(),
+                true /* waitForSecondCaps */, true /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connectWithCaptivePortal(TEST_REDIRECT_URL, false),
+                true /* waitForSecondCaps */, true /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connect(false /* validated */),
+                false /* waitForSecondCaps */, false /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+    }
+
     private void tryNetworkFactoryRequests(int capability) throws Exception {
         // Verify NOT_RESTRICTED is set appropriately
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(capability)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
index 83e6b5f..c730856 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@
     private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
     private BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener mListener;
     private BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mUpdater;
-    private IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap =
-            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class));
+    private IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap =
+            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class));
     @Mock private INetd mNetd;
     @Mock private Context mContext;
 
     private class TestDependencies extends BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.Dependencies {
         @Override
-        public IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
             return mBpfMap;
         }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener.class);
         verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(listenerCaptor.capture());
         mListener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
-        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new U32(TEST_INDEX)),
+        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new S32(TEST_INDEX)),
                 eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME)));
     }
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
 
         mListener.onInterfaceAdded(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new U32(TEST_INDEX2)),
+        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new S32(TEST_INDEX2)),
                 eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2)));
 
         // Check that when onInterfaceRemoved is called, nothing happens.
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testGetIfNameByIndex() throws Exception {
-        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
         assertEquals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME, mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
     }
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testGetIfNameByIndexException() throws Exception {
-        doThrow(new ErrnoException("", EPERM)).when(mBpfMap).getValue(new U32(TEST_INDEX));
+        doThrow(new ErrnoException("", EPERM)).when(mBpfMap).getValue(new S32(TEST_INDEX));
         assertNull(mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
     }
 
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDump() throws ErrnoException {
-        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
-        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_INDEX2), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2));
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX2), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2));
 
         final String dump = getDump();
         assertDumpContains(dump, "IfaceIndexNameMap: OK");
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index fdbccba..6448819 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapKey;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapValue;
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     @Mock
     private LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
-    private TestBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap = spy(new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U8.class));
+    private TestBpfMap<S32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap = spy(new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, U8.class));
     @Mock
     private BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
     @Mock
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@
             }
 
             @Override
-            public IBpfMap<U32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
+            public IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
                 return mUidCounterSetMap;
             }
 
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 4);
         mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
         verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
-                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+                eq(new S32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 6);
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@
                 .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, 0xFAAD, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L));
         mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
         verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
-                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+                eq(new S32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 1);
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
@@ -1927,7 +1927,7 @@
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 4);
         mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
         verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
-                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+                eq(new S32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 6);
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
@@ -2424,13 +2424,13 @@
 
         mAppUidStatsMap.insertEntry(new UidStatsMapKey(uid), new StatsMapValue(10, 10000, 6, 6000));
 
-        mUidCounterSetMap.insertEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) 1));
+        mUidCounterSetMap.insertEntry(new S32(uid), new U8((short) 1));
 
         assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(uid));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, uid));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, uid));
         assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(uid)));
-        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(uid)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new S32(uid)));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -2447,14 +2447,14 @@
         assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_BLUE));
         assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_BLUE));
         assertFalse(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_BLUE)));
-        assertFalse(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_BLUE)));
+        assertFalse(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new S32(UID_BLUE)));
 
         // assert that UID_RED related tag data is still in the maps.
         assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(UID_RED));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_RED));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_RED));
         assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_RED)));
-        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_RED)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new S32(UID_RED)));
     }
 
     private void assertDumpContains(final String dump, final String message) {
diff --git a/tools/Android.bp b/tools/Android.bp
index 7d6b248..3ce76f6 100644
--- a/tools/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/Android.bp
@@ -27,14 +27,6 @@
         "gen_jarjar.py",
     ],
     main: "gen_jarjar.py",
-    version: {
-        py2: {
-            enabled: false,
-        },
-        py3: {
-            enabled: true,
-        },
-    },
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
 
@@ -95,12 +87,4 @@
         ":jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib",
     ],
     main: "gen_jarjar_test.py",
-    version: {
-        py2: {
-            enabled: false,
-        },
-        py3: {
-            enabled: true,
-        },
-    },
 }