diff --git a/core/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp b/core/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
index a781a37..1cee895 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
@@ -102,11 +102,6 @@
     return setNetworkForSocket(netId, AFileDescriptor_getFD(env, javaFd));
 }
 
-static jboolean android_net_utils_queryUserAccess(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jint uid, jint netId)
-{
-    return (jboolean) !queryUserAccess(uid, netId);
-}
-
 static bool checkLenAndCopy(JNIEnv* env, const jbyteArray& addr, int len, void* dst)
 {
     if (env->GetArrayLength(addr) != len) {
@@ -246,7 +241,6 @@
     { "getBoundNetworkForProcess", "()I", (void*) android_net_utils_getBoundNetworkForProcess },
     { "bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution", "(I)Z", (void*) android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution },
     { "bindSocketToNetwork", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;I)I", (void*) android_net_utils_bindSocketToNetwork },
-    { "queryUserAccess", "(II)Z", (void*)android_net_utils_queryUserAccess },
     { "attachDropAllBPFFilter", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_attachDropAllBPFFilter },
     { "detachBPFFilter", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_detachBPFFilter },
     { "getTcpRepairWindow", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)Landroid/net/TcpRepairWindow;", (void*) android_net_utils_getTcpRepairWindow },
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index ad44b27..0a9560a 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
     method public boolean bindProcessToNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
     method @NonNull public android.net.SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
     method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network getActiveNetwork();
+    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public android.net.Network getActiveNetworkForUid(int);
     method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo();
     method @Deprecated @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo();
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network[] getAllNetworks();
@@ -387,7 +388,9 @@
   public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
     method public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
     method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getCapabilities();
     method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
     method public boolean hasCapability(int);
     method public boolean hasTransport(int);
     method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index ac69a3e..cd96a1b 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAvoidUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean);
+    method public static void setPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull String);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void simulateDataStall(int, long, @NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
@@ -27,10 +28,12 @@
     method public void systemReady();
     field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED = 262144; // 0x40000
     field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER = 65536; // 0x10000
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK = -65536; // 0xffff0000
     field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED = 131072; // 0x20000
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 16; // 0x10
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NONE = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 8; // 0x8
     field public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF = "off";
@@ -40,6 +43,56 @@
     field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1; // 0x1
   }
 
+  public static class ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+    method public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, int);
+  }
+
+  public class ConnectivitySettingsManager {
+    method public static void clearGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @Nullable public static String getCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static int getCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method @NonNull public static android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static int getDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method @Nullable public static android.net.ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static boolean getMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method @Nullable public static String getMobileDataPreferredApps(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static int getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @Nullable public static String getNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static int getNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method @NonNull public static String getPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @Nullable public static String getPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static boolean getWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull android.content.Context, @Nullable String);
+    method public static void setCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method public static void setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>);
+    method public static void setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0, to=100) int);
+    method public static void setGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method public static void setMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method public static void setMobileDataPreferredApps(@NonNull android.content.Context, @Nullable String);
+    method public static void setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method public static void setNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull String);
+    method public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0) int);
+    method public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull String);
+    method public static void setPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull android.content.Context, @Nullable String);
+    method public static void setWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method public static void setWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
   public final class NetworkAgentConfig implements android.os.Parcelable {
     method @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
     method public boolean isBypassableVpn();
@@ -67,6 +120,7 @@
   }
 
   public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @NonNull public int[] getUnwantedCapabilities();
     method public boolean hasUnwantedCapability(int);
   }
 
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index 997bf6a..d5660e1 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -217,7 +217,9 @@
     method public void markConnected();
     method public void onAddKeepalivePacketFilter(int, @NonNull android.net.KeepalivePacketData);
     method public void onAutomaticReconnectDisabled();
+    method public void onBandwidthUpdateRequested();
     method public void onNetworkCreated();
+    method public void onNetworkDestroyed();
     method public void onNetworkUnwanted();
     method public void onQosCallbackRegistered(int, @NonNull android.net.QosFilter);
     method public void onQosCallbackUnregistered(int);
@@ -235,6 +237,8 @@
     method public final void sendQosSessionAvailable(int, int, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
     method public final void sendQosSessionLost(int, int, int);
     method public final void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int, int);
+    method @Deprecated public void setLegacySubtype(int, @NonNull String);
+    method public void setTeardownDelayMs(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
     method public final void setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
     method public void unregister();
     field public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID = 2; // 0x2
@@ -255,7 +259,12 @@
   public static final class NetworkAgentConfig.Builder {
     ctor public NetworkAgentConfig.Builder();
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder disableNat64Detection();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder disableProvisioningNotification();
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setExplicitlySelected(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyExtraInfo(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacySubType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacySubTypeName(@NonNull String);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyType(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyTypeName(@NonNull String);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(boolean);
@@ -269,11 +278,13 @@
     method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
     method public boolean isPrivateDnsBroken();
     method public boolean satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31; // 0x1f
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED = 28; // 0x1c
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID = 22; // 0x16
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE = 26; // 0x1a
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 24; // 0x18
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL = 27; // 0x1b
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM = 30; // 0x1e
   }
 
   public static final class NetworkCapabilities.Builder {
@@ -405,6 +416,7 @@
   }
 
   public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    field public static final int ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT = -33; // 0xffffffdf
     field public static final int SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
   }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index bc668f3..c6f4e0b 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.SystemService;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -872,6 +874,17 @@
     public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 1 << 3;
 
     /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is blocked because it is subject to an always-on VPN but the VPN
+     * is not currently connected.
+     *
+     * @see DevicePolicyManager#setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(ComponentName, String, boolean)
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 1 << 4;
+
+    /**
      * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Data saver restrictions that would
      * result in its metered network access being blocked.
      *
@@ -908,12 +921,21 @@
             BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE,
             BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY,
             BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED,
             BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED,
     })
     public @interface BlockedReason {}
 
+    /**
+     * Set of blocked reasons that are only applicable on metered networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK = 0xffff0000;
+
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
     private final IConnectivityManager mService;
 
@@ -1168,8 +1190,7 @@
      *
      * @return a {@link Network} object for the current default network for the
      *         given UID or {@code null} if no default network is currently active
-     *
-     * @hide
+     * TODO: b/183465229 Cleanup getActiveNetworkForUid once b/165835257 is fixed
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
     @Nullable
@@ -3442,12 +3463,30 @@
          * @param blocked Whether access to the {@link Network} is blocked due to system policy.
          * @hide
          */
-        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+        public final void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
-                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, boolean blocked) {
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, @BlockedReason int blocked) {
             // Internally only this method is called when a new network is available, and
             // it calls the callback in the same way and order that older versions used
             // to call so as not to change the behavior.
+            onAvailable(network, networkCapabilities, linkProperties, blocked != 0);
+            onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Legacy variant of onAvailable that takes a boolean blocked reason.
+         *
+         * This method has never been public API, but it's not final, so there may be apps that
+         * implemented it and rely on it being called. Do our best not to break them.
+         * Note: such apps will also get a second call to onBlockedStatusChanged immediately after
+         * this method is called. There does not seem to be a way to avoid this.
+         * TODO: add a compat check to move apps off this method, and eventually stop calling it.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, boolean blocked) {
             onAvailable(network);
             if (!networkCapabilities.hasCapability(
                     NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)) {
@@ -3455,7 +3494,7 @@
             }
             onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities);
             onLinkPropertiesChanged(network, linkProperties);
-            onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
+            // No call to onBlockedStatusChanged here. That is done by the caller.
         }
 
         /**
@@ -3619,6 +3658,27 @@
          */
         public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, boolean blocked) {}
 
+        /**
+         * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked, or the reason for
+         * access being blocked changes.
+         *
+         * If a NetworkCallback object implements this method,
+         * {@link #onBlockedStatusChanged(Network, boolean)} will not be called.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions : calling these methods while in a
+         * callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} whose blocked status has changed.
+         * @param blocked The blocked status of this {@link Network}.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, @BlockedReason int blocked) {
+            onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked != 0);
+        }
+
         private NetworkRequest networkRequest;
         private final int mFlags;
     }
@@ -3733,7 +3793,7 @@
                 case CALLBACK_AVAILABLE: {
                     NetworkCapabilities cap = getObject(message, NetworkCapabilities.class);
                     LinkProperties lp = getObject(message, LinkProperties.class);
-                    callback.onAvailable(network, cap, lp, message.arg1 != 0);
+                    callback.onAvailable(network, cap, lp, message.arg1);
                     break;
                 }
                 case CALLBACK_LOSING: {
@@ -3767,8 +3827,7 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED: {
-                    boolean blocked = message.arg1 != 0;
-                    callback.onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
+                    callback.onBlockedStatusChanged(network, message.arg1);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -5371,4 +5430,23 @@
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mode)) mode = PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
         return mode;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Set private DNS mode to settings.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the private DNS mode.
+     * @param mode The private dns mode. This should be one of the PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_* constants.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static void setPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull @PrivateDnsMode String mode) {
+        if (!(mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF
+                || mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC
+                || mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid private dns mode");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_MODE, mode);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
index bbd8393..9a00055 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
@@ -16,16 +16,38 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
+
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.MultipathPreference;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.PrivateDnsMode;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * A manager class for connectivity module settings.
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
 public class ConnectivitySettingsManager {
 
     private ConnectivitySettingsManager() {}
@@ -45,12 +67,16 @@
      * Network activity refers to transmitting or receiving data on the network interfaces.
      *
      * Tracking is disabled if set to zero or negative value.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE = "data_activity_timeout_mobile";
 
     /**
      * Timeout to tracking Wifi data activity. Same as {@code DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE}
      * but for Wifi network.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI = "data_activity_timeout_wifi";
 
@@ -58,12 +84,16 @@
 
     /**
      * Sample validity in seconds to configure for the system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS =
             "dns_resolver_sample_validity_seconds";
 
     /**
      * Success threshold in percent for use with the system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT =
             "dns_resolver_success_threshold_percent";
@@ -71,24 +101,35 @@
     /**
      * Minimum number of samples needed for statistics to be considered meaningful in the
      * system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES = "dns_resolver_min_samples";
 
     /**
      * Maximum number taken into account for statistics purposes in the system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES = "dns_resolver_max_samples";
 
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES = 8;
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES = 64;
+
     /** Network switch notification settings */
 
     /**
      * The maximum number of notifications shown in 24 hours when switching networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT =
             "network_switch_notification_daily_limit";
 
     /**
      * The minimum time in milliseconds between notifications when switching networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS =
             "network_switch_notification_rate_limit_millis";
@@ -98,14 +139,18 @@
     /**
      * The URL used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
      * A 204 response code from the server is used for validation.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL = "captive_portal_http_url";
 
     /**
      * What to do when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
-     * Must be one of the CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_* constants above.
+     * Must be one of the CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_* constants below.
      *
      * The default for this setting is CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE = "captive_portal_mode";
 
@@ -139,11 +184,15 @@
 
     /**
      * Host name for global http proxy. Set via ConnectivityManager.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST = "global_http_proxy_host";
 
     /**
      * Integer host port for global http proxy. Set via ConnectivityManager.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT = "global_http_proxy_port";
 
@@ -153,12 +202,16 @@
      * Domains should be listed in a comma- separated list. Example of
      * acceptable formats: ".domain1.com,my.domain2.com" Use
      * ConnectivityManager to set/get.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST =
             "global_http_proxy_exclusion_list";
 
     /**
      * The location PAC File for the proxy.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC = "global_proxy_pac_url";
 
@@ -171,11 +224,15 @@
      * a specific provider. It may be used to store the provider name even when the
      * mode changes so that temporarily disabling and re-enabling the specific
      * provider mode does not necessitate retyping the provider hostname.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE = "private_dns_mode";
 
     /**
      * The specific Private DNS provider name.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER = "private_dns_specifier";
 
@@ -185,6 +242,8 @@
      * all of which require explicit user action to enable/configure. See also b/79719289.
      *
      * Value is a string, suitable for assignment to PRIVATE_DNS_MODE above.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE = "private_dns_default_mode";
 
@@ -194,6 +253,8 @@
      * The number of milliseconds to hold on to a PendingIntent based request. This delay gives
      * the receivers of the PendingIntent an opportunity to make a new network request before
      * the Network satisfying the request is potentially removed.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS =
             "connectivity_release_pending_intent_delay_ms";
@@ -205,6 +266,8 @@
      * See ConnectivityService for more info.
      *
      * (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON = "mobile_data_always_on";
 
@@ -217,6 +280,8 @@
      * See ConnectivityService for more info.
      *
      * (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED = "wifi_always_requested";
 
@@ -228,14 +293,637 @@
      * 0: Don't avoid bad wifi, don't prompt the user. Get stuck on bad wifi like it's 2013.
      * null: Ask the user whether to switch away from bad wifi.
      * 1: Avoid bad wifi.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI = "network_avoid_bad_wifi";
 
     /**
+     * Don't avoid bad wifi, don't prompt the user. Get stuck on bad wifi like it's 2013.
+     */
+    public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Ask the user whether to switch away from bad wifi.
+     */
+    public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Avoid bad wifi.
+     */
+    public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE,
+            NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT,
+            NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID,
+    })
+    public @interface NetworkAvoidBadWifi {}
+
+    /**
      * User setting for ConnectivityManager.getMeteredMultipathPreference(). This value may be
      * overridden by the system based on device or application state. If null, the value
      * specified by config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference is used.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     public static final String NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE =
             "network_metered_multipath_preference";
+
+    /**
+     * A list of apps that should go on cellular networks in preference even when higher-priority
+     * networks are connected.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_APPS = "mobile_data_preferred_apps";
+
+    /**
+     * Get mobile data activity timeout from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default timeout if no setting value.
+     * @return The {@link Duration} of timeout to track mobile data activity.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE, (int) def.getSeconds());
+        return Duration.ofSeconds(timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set mobile data activity timeout to {@link Settings}.
+     * Tracking is disabled if set to zero or negative value.
+     *
+     * Note: Only use the number of seconds in this duration, lower second(nanoseconds) will be
+     * ignored.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param timeout The mobile data activity timeout.
+     */
+    public static void setMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration timeout) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE,
+                (int) timeout.getSeconds());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get wifi data activity timeout from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default timeout if no setting value.
+     * @return The {@link Duration} of timeout to track wifi data activity.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI, (int) def.getSeconds());
+        return Duration.ofSeconds(timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set wifi data activity timeout to {@link Settings}.
+     * Tracking is disabled if set to zero or negative value.
+     *
+     * Note: Only use the number of seconds in this duration, lower second(nanoseconds) will be
+     * ignored.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param timeout The wifi data activity timeout.
+     */
+    public static void setWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration timeout) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI,
+                (int) timeout.getSeconds());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get dns resolver sample validity duration from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default duration if no setting value.
+     * @return The {@link Duration} of sample validity duration to configure for the system DNS
+     *         resolver.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int duration = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS, (int) def.getSeconds());
+        return Duration.ofSeconds(duration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set dns resolver sample validity duration to {@link Settings}. The duration must be a
+     * positive number of seconds.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param duration The sample validity duration.
+     */
+    public static void setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration duration) {
+        final int time = (int) duration.getSeconds();
+        if (time <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid duration");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get dns resolver success threshold percent from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return The success threshold in percent for use with the system DNS resolver.
+     */
+    public static int getDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull Context context, int def) {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT, def);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set dns resolver success threshold percent to {@link Settings}. The threshold percent must
+     * be 0~100.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param percent The success threshold percent.
+     */
+    public static void setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull Context context,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = 100) int percent) {
+        if (percent < 0 || percent > 100) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Percent must be 0~100");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT, percent);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get dns resolver samples range from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The {@link Range<Integer>} of samples needed for statistics to be considered
+     *         meaningful in the system DNS resolver.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Range<Integer> getDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final int minSamples = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES, DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES);
+        final int maxSamples = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES, DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES);
+        return new Range<>(minSamples, maxSamples);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set dns resolver samples range to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param range The samples range. The minimum number should be more than 0 and the maximum
+     *              number should be less that 64.
+     */
+    public static void setDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Range<Integer> range) {
+        if (range.getLower() < 0 || range.getUpper() > 64) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument must be 0~64");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES, range.getLower());
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES, range.getUpper());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get maximum count (from {@link Settings}) of switching network notifications shown in 24
+     * hours.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return The maximum count of notifications shown in 24 hours when switching networks.
+     */
+    public static int getNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull Context context,
+            int def) {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT, def);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set maximum count (to {@link Settings}) of switching network notifications shown in 24 hours.
+     * The count must be at least 0.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param count The maximum count of switching network notifications shown in 24 hours.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull Context context,
+            @IntRange(from = 0) int count) {
+        if (count < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Count must be 0~10.");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT, count);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get minimum duration (from {@link Settings}) between each switching network notifications.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default time if no setting value.
+     * @return The minimum duration between notifications when switching networks.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int duration = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS, (int) def.toMillis());
+        return Duration.ofMillis(duration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set minimum duration (to {@link Settings}) between each switching network notifications.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param duration The minimum duration between notifications when switching networks.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration duration) {
+        final int time = (int) duration.toMillis();
+        if (time < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid duration.");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get URL (from {@link Settings}) used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The URL used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String getCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set URL (to {@link Settings}) used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     * This URL should respond with a 204 response to a GET request to indicate no captive portal is
+     * present. And this URL must be HTTP as redirect responses are used to find captive portal
+     * sign-in pages. If the URL set to null or be incorrect, it will result in captive portal
+     * detection failed and lost the connection.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param url The URL used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     */
+    public static void setCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable String url) {
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL, url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get mode (from {@link Settings}) when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default mode if no setting value.
+     * @return The mode when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     */
+    @CaptivePortalMode
+    public static int getCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull Context context,
+            @CaptivePortalMode int def) {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE, def);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set mode (to {@link Settings}) when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param mode The mode when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     */
+    public static void setCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull Context context, @CaptivePortalMode int mode) {
+        if (!(mode == CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE
+                || mode == CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT
+                || mode == CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid captive portal mode");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE, mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the global HTTP proxy applied to the device, or null if none.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The {@link ProxyInfo} which build from global http proxy settings.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final String host = Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST);
+        final int port = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, 0 /* def */);
+        final String exclusionList = Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST);
+        final String pacFileUrl = Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC);
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(host) && TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+            return null; // No global proxy.
+        }
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+            return ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(
+                    host, port, ProxyUtils.exclusionStringAsList(exclusionList));
+        } else {
+            return ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.parse(pacFileUrl));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set global http proxy settings from given {@link ProxyInfo}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param proxyInfo The {@link ProxyInfo} for global http proxy settings which build from
+     *                    {@link ProxyInfo#buildPacProxy(Uri)} or
+     *                    {@link ProxyInfo#buildDirectProxy(String, int, List)}
+     */
+    public static void setGlobalProxy(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull ProxyInfo proxyInfo) {
+        final String host = proxyInfo.getHost();
+        final int port = proxyInfo.getPort();
+        final String exclusionList = proxyInfo.getExclusionListAsString();
+        final String pacFileUrl = proxyInfo.getPacFileUrl().toString();
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+            Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST, host);
+            Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, port);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST, exclusionList);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC, "" /* value */);
+        } else {
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC, pacFileUrl);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST, "" /* value */);
+            Settings.Global.putInt(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, 0 /* value */);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST, "" /* value */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all global http proxy settings.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     */
+    public static void clearGlobalProxy(@NonNull Context context) {
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST, "" /* value */);
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, 0 /* value */);
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST, "" /* value */);
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC, "" /* value */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get specific private dns provider name from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The specific private dns provider name, or null if no setting value.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String getPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(context.getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set specific private dns provider name to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param specifier The specific private dns provider name.
+     */
+    public static void setPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull Context context,
+            @Nullable String specifier) {
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER, specifier);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get default private dns mode from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The default private dns mode.
+     */
+    @PrivateDnsMode
+    @NonNull
+    public static String getPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(context.getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set default private dns mode to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param mode The default private dns mode. This should be one of the PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_*
+     *             constants.
+     */
+    public static void setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull @PrivateDnsMode String mode) {
+        if (!(mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF
+                || mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC
+                || mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid private dns mode");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE, mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get duration (from {@link Settings}) to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default duration if no setting value.
+     * @return The duration to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int duration = Settings.Secure.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS, (int) def.toMillis());
+        return Duration.ofMillis(duration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set duration (to {@link Settings}) to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param duration The duration to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     */
+    public static void setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration duration) {
+        final int time = (int) duration.toMillis();
+        if (time < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid duration.");
+        }
+        Settings.Secure.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read from {@link Settings} whether the mobile data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return Whether the mobile data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *         priority networks are active.
+     */
+    public static boolean getMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull Context context, boolean def) {
+        final int enable = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, (def ? 1 : 0));
+        return (enable != 0) ? true : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write into {@link Settings} whether the mobile data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param enable Whether the mobile data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *               priority networks are active.
+     */
+    public static void setMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull Context context, boolean enable) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, (enable ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read from {@link Settings} whether the wifi data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return Whether the wifi data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *         priority networks are active.
+     */
+    public static boolean getWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull Context context, boolean def) {
+        final int enable = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED, (def ? 1 : 0));
+        return (enable != 0) ? true : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write into {@link Settings} whether the wifi data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param enable Whether the wifi data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *               priority networks are active
+     */
+    public static void setWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull Context context, boolean enable) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED, (enable ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get avoid bad wifi setting from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The setting whether to automatically switch away from wifi networks that lose
+     *         internet access.
+     */
+    @NetworkAvoidBadWifi
+    public static int getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final String setting =
+                Settings.Global.getString(context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI);
+        if ("0".equals(setting)) {
+            return NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE;
+        } else if ("1".equals(setting)) {
+            return NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID;
+        } else {
+            return NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set avoid bad wifi setting to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param value Whether to automatically switch away from wifi networks that lose internet
+     *              access.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NetworkAvoidBadWifi int value) {
+        final String setting;
+        if (value == NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE) {
+            setting = "0";
+        } else if (value == NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID) {
+            setting = "1";
+        } else if (value == NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT) {
+            setting = null;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid avoid bad wifi setting");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, setting);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get network metered multipath preference from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The network metered multipath preference which should be one of
+     *         ConnectivityManager#MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_* value or null if the value specified
+     *         by config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference is used.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String getNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set network metered multipath preference to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param preference The network metered multipath preference which should be one of
+     *                   ConnectivityManager#MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_* value or null if the value
+     *                   specified by config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference is used.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull @MultipathPreference String preference) {
+        if (!(Integer.valueOf(preference) == MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER
+                || Integer.valueOf(preference) == MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY
+                || Integer.valueOf(preference) == MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid private dns mode");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE, preference);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of apps(from {@link Settings}) that should go on cellular networks in preference
+     * even when higher-priority networks are connected.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return A list of apps that should go on cellular networks in preference even when
+     *         higher-priority networks are connected or null if no setting value.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String getMobileDataPreferredApps(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_APPS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the list of apps(to {@link Settings}) that should go on cellular networks in preference
+     * even when higher-priority networks are connected.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param list A list of apps that should go on cellular networks in preference even when
+     *             higher-priority networks are connected.
+     */
+    public static void setMobileDataPreferredApps(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable String list) {
+        Settings.Secure.putString(context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_APPS, list);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgent.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgent.aidl
index 078acbd..d941d4b 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgent.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgent.aidl
@@ -47,4 +47,5 @@
     void onQosFilterCallbackRegistered(int qosCallbackId, in QosFilterParcelable filterParcel);
     void onQosCallbackUnregistered(int qosCallbackId);
     void onNetworkCreated();
+    void onNetworkDestroyed();
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
index cbd6193..26cb1ed 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
@@ -41,4 +41,5 @@
     void sendNrQosSessionAvailable(int callbackId, in QosSession session, in NrQosSessionAttributes attributes);
     void sendQosSessionLost(int qosCallbackId, in QosSession session);
     void sendQosCallbackError(int qosCallbackId, int exceptionType);
+    void sendTeardownDelayMs(int teardownDelayMs);
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index aef1a31..c57da53 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -185,6 +185,20 @@
     public static final int EVENT_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS_CHANGED = BASE + 5;
 
     /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to pass the current value of the teardown
+     * delay.
+     * arg1 = teardown delay in milliseconds
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED = BASE + 6;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum value for the teardown delay, in milliseconds.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS = 5000;
+
+    /**
      * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to inform the agent of the
      * networks status - whether we could use the network or could not, due to
      * either a bad network configuration (no internet link) or captive portal.
@@ -197,7 +211,6 @@
      */
     public static final int CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS = BASE + 7;
 
-
     /**
      * Network validation suceeded.
      * Corresponds to {@link NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED}.
@@ -370,10 +383,17 @@
      */
     public static final int CMD_NETWORK_CREATED = BASE + 22;
 
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to {@link NetworkAgent} to inform the agent that its native
+     * network was destroyed.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED = BASE + 23;
+
     private static NetworkInfo getLegacyNetworkInfo(final NetworkAgentConfig config) {
-        // The subtype can be changed with (TODO) setLegacySubtype, but it starts
-        // with 0 (TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN) and an empty description.
-        final NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, 0, config.legacyTypeName, "");
+        final NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, config.legacySubType,
+                config.legacyTypeName, config.legacySubTypeName);
         ni.setIsAvailable(true);
         ni.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING, null /* reason */,
                 config.getLegacyExtraInfo());
@@ -574,6 +594,10 @@
                     onNetworkCreated();
                     break;
                 }
+                case CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED: {
+                    onNetworkDestroyed();
+                    break;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -719,6 +743,11 @@
         public void onNetworkCreated() {
             mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_NETWORK_CREATED));
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkDestroyed() {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED));
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -835,6 +864,29 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Sets the value of the teardown delay.
+     *
+     * The teardown delay is the time between when the network disconnects and when the native
+     * network corresponding to this {@code NetworkAgent} is destroyed. By default, the native
+     * network is destroyed immediately. If {@code teardownDelayMs} is non-zero, then when this
+     * network disconnects, the system will instead immediately mark the network as restricted
+     * and unavailable to unprivileged apps, but will defer destroying the native network until the
+     * teardown delay timer expires.
+     *
+     * The interfaces in use by this network will remain in use until the native network is
+     * destroyed and cannot be reused until {@link #onNetworkDestroyed()} is called.
+     *
+     * This method may be called at any time while the network is connected. It has no effect if
+     * the network is already disconnected and the teardown delay timer is running.
+     *
+     * @param teardownDelayMs the teardown delay to set, or 0 to disable teardown delay.
+     */
+    public void setTeardownDelayMs(
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS) int teardownDelayMs) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendTeardownDelayMs(teardownDelayMs));
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Change the legacy subtype of this network agent.
      *
      * This is only for backward compatibility and should not be used by non-legacy network agents,
@@ -846,6 +898,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
     public void setLegacySubtype(final int legacySubtype, @NonNull final String legacySubtypeName) {
         mNetworkInfo.setSubtype(legacySubtype, legacySubtypeName);
         queueOrSendNetworkInfo(mNetworkInfo);
@@ -979,6 +1032,7 @@
      * shall try to overwrite this method and produce a bandwidth update if capable.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public void onBandwidthUpdateRequested() {
         pollLceData();
     }
@@ -1031,6 +1085,12 @@
      */
     public void onNetworkCreated() {}
 
+
+    /**
+     * Called when ConnectivityService has successfully destroy this NetworkAgent's native network.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkDestroyed() {}
+
     /**
      * Requests that the network hardware send the specified packet at the specified interval.
      *
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
index 0bd2371..3f058d8 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
@@ -175,6 +175,12 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * The legacy Sub type of this network agent, or TYPE_NONE if unset.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int legacySubType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+
+    /**
      * Set to true if the PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification has shown for this network.
      * Reset this bit when private DNS mode is changed from strict mode to opportunistic/off mode.
      *
@@ -200,6 +206,13 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * The name of the legacy Sub network type. It's a free-form string.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String legacySubTypeName = "";
+
+    /**
      * The legacy extra info of the agent. The extra info should only be :
      * <ul>
      *   <li>For cellular agents, the APN name.</li>
@@ -235,6 +248,8 @@
             skip464xlat = nac.skip464xlat;
             legacyType = nac.legacyType;
             legacyTypeName = nac.legacyTypeName;
+            legacySubType = nac.legacySubType;
+            legacySubTypeName = nac.legacySubTypeName;
             mLegacyExtraInfo = nac.mLegacyExtraInfo;
         }
     }
@@ -300,7 +315,6 @@
          * and reduce idle traffic on networks that are known to be IPv6-only without a NAT64.
          *
          * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
-         * @hide
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder disableNat64Detection() {
@@ -313,7 +327,6 @@
          * perform its own carrier-specific provisioning procedure.
          *
          * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
-         * @hide
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder disableProvisioningNotification() {
@@ -334,6 +347,18 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Sets the legacy sub-type for this network.
+         *
+         * @param legacySubType the type
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacySubType(final int legacySubType) {
+            mConfig.legacySubType = legacySubType;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Sets the name of the legacy type of the agent. It's a free-form string used in logging.
          * @param legacyTypeName the name
          * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
@@ -345,10 +370,20 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Sets the name of the legacy Sub-type of the agent. It's a free-form string.
+         * @param legacySubTypeName the name
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacySubTypeName(@NonNull String legacySubTypeName) {
+            mConfig.legacySubTypeName = legacySubTypeName;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Sets the legacy extra info of the agent.
          * @param legacyExtraInfo the legacy extra info.
          * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
-         * @hide
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder setLegacyExtraInfo(@NonNull String legacyExtraInfo) {
@@ -435,6 +470,8 @@
         out.writeInt(skip464xlat ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeInt(legacyType);
         out.writeString(legacyTypeName);
+        out.writeInt(legacySubType);
+        out.writeString(legacySubTypeName);
         out.writeString(mLegacyExtraInfo);
     }
 
@@ -452,6 +489,8 @@
             networkAgentConfig.skip464xlat = in.readInt() != 0;
             networkAgentConfig.legacyType = in.readInt();
             networkAgentConfig.legacyTypeName = in.readString();
+            networkAgentConfig.legacySubType = in.readInt();
+            networkAgentConfig.legacySubTypeName = in.readString();
             networkAgentConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = in.readString();
             return networkAgentConfig;
         }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 7620864..d3f7e3a 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -274,6 +274,8 @@
             NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL,
             NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
             NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_BIP,
     })
     public @interface NetCapability { }
 
@@ -493,8 +495,22 @@
      */
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE = 29;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to access the carrier's Virtual Sim service.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM = 30;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to support Bearer Independent Protol.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31;
+
     private static final int MIN_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
-    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_BIP;
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
@@ -538,43 +554,6 @@
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
 
     /**
-     * Capabilities that suggest that a network is restricted.
-     * {@see #maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}, {@see #FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES}
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    /* package */ static final long RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IA)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IMS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_MCX)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_RCS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
-
-    /**
-     * Capabilities that force network to be restricted.
-     * {@see #maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}.
-     */
-    private static final long FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE);
-
-    /**
-     * Capabilities that suggest that a network is unrestricted.
-     * {@see #maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}.
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    /* package */ static final long UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
-
-    /**
      * Capabilities that are managed by ConnectivityService.
      */
     private static final long CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES =
@@ -828,37 +807,12 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Deduces that all the capabilities it provides are typically provided by restricted networks
-     * or not.
-     *
-     * @return {@code true} if the network should be restricted.
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public boolean deduceRestrictedCapability() {
-        // Check if we have any capability that forces the network to be restricted.
-        final boolean forceRestrictedCapability =
-                (mNetworkCapabilities & FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0;
-
-        // Verify there aren't any unrestricted capabilities.  If there are we say
-        // the whole thing is unrestricted unless it is forced to be restricted.
-        final boolean hasUnrestrictedCapabilities =
-                (mNetworkCapabilities & UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0;
-
-        // Must have at least some restricted capabilities.
-        final boolean hasRestrictedCapabilities =
-                (mNetworkCapabilities & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0;
-
-        return forceRestrictedCapability
-                || (hasRestrictedCapabilities && !hasUnrestrictedCapabilities);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED capability if deducing the network is restricted.
+     * Removes the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED capability if inferring the network is restricted.
      *
      * @hide
      */
     public void maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() {
-        if (deduceRestrictedCapability()) {
+        if (NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.inferRestrictedCapability(this)) {
             removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
         }
     }
@@ -2180,6 +2134,8 @@
             case NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL:     return "VEHICLE_INTERNAL";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED:      return "NOT_VCN_MANAGED";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE:           return "ENTERPRISE";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM:                 return "VSIM";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_BIP:                  return "BIP";
             default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
         }
     }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index bcbc04f7..38691ef 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -699,4 +699,43 @@
     public int hashCode() {
         return Objects.hash(requestId, legacyType, networkCapabilities, type);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the capabilities set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of capability values for this instance.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public @NetCapability int[] getCapabilities() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getCapabilities() already returns
+        // a new array.
+        return networkCapabilities.getCapabilities();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the unwanted capabilities set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of unwanted capability values for this instance.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NetCapability int[] getUnwantedCapabilities() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getUnwantedCapabilities() already returns
+        // a new array.
+        return networkCapabilities.getUnwantedCapabilities();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the transports set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of transport type values for this instance.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public @Transport int[] getTransportTypes() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getTransportTypes() already returns
+        // a new array.
+        return networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
index c4bebc0..a92fda1 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -92,7 +92,10 @@
      * Determine if {@code uid} can access network designated by {@code netId}.
      * @return {@code true} if {@code uid} can access network, {@code false} otherwise.
      */
-    public native static boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, int netId);
+    public static boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, int netId) {
+        // TODO (b/183485986): remove this method
+        return false;
+    }
 
     /**
      * DNS resolver series jni method.
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java b/framework/src/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java
index d007a95..f6cae72 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java
@@ -55,36 +55,68 @@
     static final String TAG = "SocketKeepalive";
 
     /**
-     * No errors.
+     * Success. It indicates there is no error.
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi
     public static final int SUCCESS = 0;
 
-    /** @hide */
+    /**
+     * No keepalive. This should only be internally as it indicates There is no keepalive.
+     * It should not propagate to applications.
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final int NO_KEEPALIVE = -1;
 
-    /** @hide */
+    /**
+     * Data received.
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final int DATA_RECEIVED = -2;
 
-    /** @hide */
+    /**
+     * The binder died.
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final int BINDER_DIED = -10;
 
-    /** The specified {@code Network} is not connected. */
+    /**
+     * The invalid network. It indicates the specified {@code Network} is not connected.
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = -20;
-    /** The specified IP addresses are invalid. For example, the specified source IP address is
-     * not configured on the specified {@code Network}. */
+
+    /**
+     * The invalid IP addresses. Indicates the specified IP addresses are invalid.
+     * For example, the specified source IP address is not configured on the
+     * specified {@code Network}.
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21;
-    /** The requested port is invalid. */
+
+    /**
+     * The port is invalid.
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22;
-    /** The packet length is invalid (e.g., too long). */
+
+    /**
+     * The length is invalid (e.g. too long).
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23;
-    /** The packet transmission interval is invalid (e.g., too short). */
+
+    /**
+     * The interval is invalid (e.g. too short).
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL = -24;
-    /** The target socket is invalid. */
+
+    /**
+     * The socket is invalid.
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET = -25;
-    /** The target socket is not idle. */
+
+    /**
+     * The socket is not idle.
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE = -26;
+
     /**
      * The stop reason is uninitialized. This should only be internally used as initial state
      * of stop reason, instead of propagating to application.
@@ -92,15 +124,29 @@
      */
     public static final int ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED = -27;
 
-    /** The device does not support this request. */
+    /**
+     * The request is unsupported.
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = -30;
-    /** @hide TODO: delete when telephony code has been updated. */
-    public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED = ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
-    /** The hardware returned an error. */
+
+    /**
+     * There was a hardware error.
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = -31;
-    /** The limitation of resource is reached. */
+
+    /**
+     * Resources are insufficient (e.g. all hardware slots are in use).
+     */
     public static final int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = -32;
 
+    /**
+     * There was no such slot. This should only be internally as it indicates
+     * a programming error in the system server. It should not propagate to
+     * applications.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT = -33;
 
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@@ -111,7 +157,8 @@
             ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH,
             ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL,
             ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET,
-            ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE
+            ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE,
+            ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT
     })
     public @interface ErrorCode {}
 
@@ -122,7 +169,6 @@
             ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH,
             ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
             ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES,
-            ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED
     })
     public @interface KeepaliveEvent {}
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index b737189..70c9fe7 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
 import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BlockedReason;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.RestrictBackgroundStatus;
 import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
@@ -315,6 +318,9 @@
     // The maximum number of network request allowed per uid before an exception is thrown.
     private static final int MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID = 100;
 
+    // The maximum number of network request allowed for system UIDs before an exception is thrown.
+    private static final int MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID = 250;
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected int mLingerDelayMs;  // Can't be final, or test subclass constructors can't change it.
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -330,6 +336,7 @@
     protected final PermissionMonitor mPermissionMonitor;
 
     private final PerUidCounter mNetworkRequestCounter;
+    private final PerUidCounter mSystemNetworkRequestCounter;
 
     private volatile boolean mLockdownEnabled;
 
@@ -1146,8 +1153,8 @@
         /**
          * @see NetworkUtils#queryUserAccess(int, int)
          */
-        public boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, int netId) {
-            return NetworkUtils.queryUserAccess(uid, netId);
+        public boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, Network network, ConnectivityService cs) {
+            return cs.queryUserAccess(uid, network);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1198,6 +1205,7 @@
         mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
         mResources = deps.getResources(mContext);
         mNetworkRequestCounter = new PerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID);
+        mSystemNetworkRequestCounter = new PerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID);
 
         mMetricsLog = logger;
         mNetworkRanker = new NetworkRanker();
@@ -1548,16 +1556,16 @@
         mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs.log(action + " " + uid);
     }
 
-    private void maybeLogBlockedStatusChanged(NetworkRequestInfo nri, Network net,
-            boolean blocked) {
+    private void maybeLogBlockedStatusChanged(NetworkRequestInfo nri, Network net, int blocked) {
         if (nri == null || net == null || !LOGD_BLOCKED_NETWORKINFO) {
             return;
         }
-        final String action = blocked ? "BLOCKED" : "UNBLOCKED";
+        final String action = (blocked != 0) ? "BLOCKED" : "UNBLOCKED";
         final int requestId = nri.getActiveRequest() != null
                 ? nri.getActiveRequest().requestId : nri.mRequests.get(0).requestId;
         mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs.log(String.format(
-                "%s %d(%d) on netId %d", action, nri.mAsUid, requestId, net.getNetId()));
+                "%s %d(%d) on netId %d: %s", action, nri.mAsUid, requestId, net.getNetId(),
+                blockedReasonsToString(blocked)));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2338,15 +2346,15 @@
 
     private final NetworkPolicyCallback mPolicyCallback = new NetworkPolicyCallback() {
         @Override
-        public void onUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, int blockedReasons) {
+        public void onUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
             mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_UID_BLOCKED_REASON_CHANGED,
                     uid, blockedReasons));
         }
     };
 
-    void handleUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, int blockedReasons) {
+    private void handleUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
         maybeNotifyNetworkBlockedForNewState(uid, blockedReasons);
-        mUidBlockedReasons.put(uid, blockedReasons);
+        setUidBlockedReasons(uid, blockedReasons);
     }
 
     private boolean checkAnyPermissionOf(String... permissions) {
@@ -3119,6 +3127,13 @@
                     }
                     break;
                 }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED: {
+                    if (msg.arg1 >= 0 && msg.arg1 <= NetworkAgent.MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS) {
+                        nai.teardownDelayMs = msg.arg1;
+                    } else {
+                        logwtf(nai.toShortString() + " set invalid teardown delay " + msg.arg1);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -3689,6 +3704,23 @@
         mLegacyTypeTracker.remove(nai, wasDefault);
         rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         mLingerMonitor.noteDisconnect(nai);
+
+        // Immediate teardown.
+        if (nai.teardownDelayMs == 0) {
+            destroyNetwork(nai);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Delayed teardown.
+        try {
+            mNetd.networkSetPermissionForNetwork(nai.network.netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Error marking network restricted during teardown: " + e);
+        }
+        mHandler.postDelayed(() -> destroyNetwork(nai), nai.teardownDelayMs);
+    }
+
+    private void destroyNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
         if (nai.created) {
             // Tell netd to clean up the configuration for this network
             // (routing rules, DNS, etc).
@@ -3701,6 +3733,7 @@
             mDnsManager.removeNetwork(nai.network);
         }
         mNetIdManager.releaseNetId(nai.network.getNetId());
+        nai.onNetworkDestroyed();
     }
 
     private boolean createNativeNetwork(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
@@ -4001,7 +4034,7 @@
                 }
             }
         }
-        mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+        decrementRequestCount(nri);
         mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("RELEASE " + nri);
 
         if (null != nri.getActiveRequest()) {
@@ -4112,6 +4145,20 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private PerUidCounter getRequestCounter(NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(
+                nri.mPid, nri.mUid, NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+                ? mSystemNetworkRequestCounter : mNetworkRequestCounter;
+    }
+
+    private void incrementRequestCountOrThrow(NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        getRequestCounter(nri).incrementCountOrThrow(nri.mUid);
+    }
+
+    private void decrementRequestCount(NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        getRequestCounter(nri).decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void setAcceptUnvalidated(Network network, boolean accept, boolean always) {
         enforceNetworkStackSettingsOrSetup();
@@ -4839,6 +4886,42 @@
         nai.networkMonitor().forceReevaluation(uid);
     }
 
+    // TODO: call into netd.
+    private boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, Network network) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null) return false;
+
+        // Any UID can use its default network.
+        if (nai == getDefaultNetworkForUid(uid)) return true;
+
+        // Privileged apps can use any network.
+        if (mPermissionMonitor.hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(uid)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // An unprivileged UID can use a VPN iff the VPN applies to it.
+        if (nai.isVPN()) {
+            return nai.networkCapabilities.appliesToUid(uid);
+        }
+
+        // An unprivileged UID can bypass the VPN that applies to it only if it can protect its
+        // sockets, i.e., if it is the owner.
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpn = getVpnForUid(uid);
+        if (vpn != null && !vpn.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass
+                && uid != vpn.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The UID's permission must be at least sufficient for the network. Since the restricted
+        // permission was already checked above, that just leaves background networks.
+        if (!nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND)) {
+            return mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(uid);
+        }
+
+        // Unrestricted network. Anyone gets to use it.
+        return true;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns information about the proxy a certain network is using. If given a null network, it
      * it will return the proxy for the bound network for the caller app or the default proxy if
@@ -4859,7 +4942,7 @@
                 return null;
             }
             return getLinkPropertiesProxyInfo(activeNetwork);
-        } else if (mDeps.queryUserAccess(mDeps.getCallingUid(), network.getNetId())) {
+        } else if (mDeps.queryUserAccess(mDeps.getCallingUid(), network, this)) {
             // Don't call getLinkProperties() as it requires ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE permission, which
             // caller may not have.
             return getLinkPropertiesProxyInfo(network);
@@ -5424,7 +5507,7 @@
             mPid = getCallingPid();
             mUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
             mAsUid = asUid;
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            incrementRequestCountOrThrow(this);
             /**
              * Location sensitive data not included in pending intent. Only included in
              * {@link NetworkCallback}.
@@ -5456,15 +5539,10 @@
             mUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
             mAsUid = asUid;
             mPendingIntent = null;
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            incrementRequestCountOrThrow(this);
             mCallbackFlags = callbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
-
-            try {
-                mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                binderDied();
-            }
+            linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
@@ -5499,9 +5577,10 @@
             mUid = nri.mUid;
             mAsUid = nri.mAsUid;
             mPendingIntent = nri.mPendingIntent;
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            incrementRequestCountOrThrow(this);
             mCallbackFlags = nri.mCallbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = nri.mCallingAttributionTag;
+            linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r) {
@@ -5530,8 +5609,18 @@
             return Collections.unmodifiableList(tempRequests);
         }
 
+        void linkDeathRecipient() {
+            if (null != mBinder) {
+                try {
+                    mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    binderDied();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         void unlinkDeathRecipient() {
-            if (mBinder != null) {
+            if (null != mBinder) {
                 mBinder.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
             }
         }
@@ -6213,8 +6302,8 @@
     // Request used to optionally keep vehicle internal network always active
     private final NetworkRequest mDefaultVehicleRequest;
 
-    // TODO replace with INetd.DUMMY_NET_ID when available.
-    private static final int NO_SERVICE_NET_ID = 51;
+    // TODO replace with INetd.UNREACHABLE_NET_ID when available.
+    private static final int NO_SERVICE_NET_ID = 52;
     // Sentinel NAI used to direct apps with default networks that should have no connectivity to a
     // network with no service. This NAI should never be matched against, nor should any public API
     // ever return the associated network. For this reason, this NAI is not in the list of available
@@ -7308,7 +7397,7 @@
                 break;
             }
             case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED: {
-                maybeLogBlockedStatusChanged(nri, networkAgent.network, arg1 != 0);
+                maybeLogBlockedStatusChanged(nri, networkAgent.network, arg1);
                 msg.arg1 = arg1;
                 break;
             }
@@ -8052,12 +8141,11 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        final int blockedReasons = mUidBlockedReasons.get(nri.mAsUid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         final boolean metered = nai.networkCapabilities.isMetered();
-        boolean blocked;
-        blocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
-        blocked |= NetworkPolicyManager.isUidBlocked(
-                mUidBlockedReasons.get(nri.mAsUid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE), metered);
-        callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE, blocked ? 1 : 0);
+        final boolean vpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
+        callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                getBlockedState(blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked));
     }
 
     // Notify the requests on this NAI that the network is now lingered.
@@ -8066,6 +8154,21 @@
         notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING, lingerTime);
     }
 
+    private static int getBlockedState(int reasons, boolean metered, boolean vpnBlocked) {
+        if (!metered) reasons &= ~BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+        return vpnBlocked
+                ? reasons | BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN
+                : reasons & ~BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
+    }
+
+    private void setUidBlockedReasons(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
+        if (blockedReasons == BLOCKED_REASON_NONE) {
+            mUidBlockedReasons.delete(uid);
+        } else {
+            mUidBlockedReasons.put(uid, blockedReasons);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Notify of the blocked state apps with a registered callback matching a given NAI.
      *
@@ -8073,7 +8176,10 @@
      * any given nai, all requests need to be considered according to the uid who filed it.
      *
      * @param nai The target NetworkAgentInfo.
-     * @param oldMetered True if the previous network capabilities is metered.
+     * @param oldMetered True if the previous network capabilities were metered.
+     * @param newMetered True if the current network capabilities are metered.
+     * @param oldBlockedUidRanges list of UID ranges previously blocked by lockdown VPN.
+     * @param newBlockedUidRanges list of UID ranges blocked by lockdown VPN.
      */
     private void maybeNotifyNetworkBlocked(NetworkAgentInfo nai, boolean oldMetered,
             boolean newMetered, List<UidRange> oldBlockedUidRanges,
@@ -8082,22 +8188,18 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
             NetworkRequest nr = nai.requestAt(i);
             NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(nr);
-            final boolean oldBlocked, newBlocked, oldVpnBlocked, newVpnBlocked;
 
-            oldVpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, oldBlockedUidRanges);
-            newVpnBlocked = (oldBlockedUidRanges != newBlockedUidRanges)
+            final int blockedReasons = mUidBlockedReasons.get(nri.mAsUid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+            final boolean oldVpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, oldBlockedUidRanges);
+            final boolean newVpnBlocked = (oldBlockedUidRanges != newBlockedUidRanges)
                     ? isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, newBlockedUidRanges)
                     : oldVpnBlocked;
 
-            final int blockedReasons = mUidBlockedReasons.get(nri.mAsUid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
-            oldBlocked = oldVpnBlocked || NetworkPolicyManager.isUidBlocked(
-                    blockedReasons, oldMetered);
-            newBlocked = newVpnBlocked || NetworkPolicyManager.isUidBlocked(
-                    blockedReasons, newMetered);
-
-            if (oldBlocked != newBlocked) {
+            final int oldBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, oldMetered, oldVpnBlocked);
+            final int newBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, newMetered, newVpnBlocked);
+            if (oldBlockedState != newBlockedState) {
                 callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED,
-                        encodeBool(newBlocked));
+                        newBlockedState);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -8107,25 +8209,23 @@
      * @param uid The uid for which the rules changed.
      * @param blockedReasons The reasons for why an uid is blocked.
      */
-    private void maybeNotifyNetworkBlockedForNewState(int uid, int blockedReasons) {
+    private void maybeNotifyNetworkBlockedForNewState(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
         for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
             final boolean metered = nai.networkCapabilities.isMetered();
             final boolean vpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(uid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
-            final boolean oldBlocked, newBlocked;
 
-            oldBlocked = vpnBlocked || NetworkPolicyManager.isUidBlocked(
-                    mUidBlockedReasons.get(uid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE), metered);
-            newBlocked = vpnBlocked || NetworkPolicyManager.isUidBlocked(
-                    blockedReasons, metered);
-            if (oldBlocked == newBlocked) {
+            final int oldBlockedState = getBlockedState(
+                    mUidBlockedReasons.get(uid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE), metered, vpnBlocked);
+            final int newBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked);
+            if (oldBlockedState == newBlockedState) {
                 continue;
             }
-            final int arg = encodeBool(newBlocked);
             for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
                 NetworkRequest nr = nai.requestAt(i);
                 NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(nr);
                 if (nri != null && nri.mAsUid == uid) {
-                    callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED, arg);
+                    callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED,
+                            newBlockedState);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -8673,7 +8773,7 @@
             // Decrement the reference count for this NetworkRequestInfo. The reference count is
             // incremented when the NetworkRequestInfo is created as part of
             // enforceRequestCountLimit().
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+            decrementRequestCount(nri);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -8739,7 +8839,7 @@
         // Decrement the reference count for this NetworkRequestInfo. The reference count is
         // incremented when the NetworkRequestInfo is created as part of
         // enforceRequestCountLimit().
-        mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+        decrementRequestCount(nri);
 
         iCb.unlinkToDeath(cbInfo, 0);
     }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
index 7b20ded..058dac8 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.MAX_INTERVAL_SEC;
@@ -518,6 +519,8 @@
             }
         } else if (reason == ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected stop reason: " + reason);
+        } else if (reason == ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No such slot: " + reason);
         } else {
             notifyErrorCallback(ki.mCallback, reason);
         }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 4963353..ee32fbf 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@
     // Set to true when partial connectivity was detected.
     public boolean partialConnectivity;
 
+    // Delay between when the network is disconnected and when the native network is destroyed.
+    public int teardownDelayMs;
+
     // Captive portal info of the network from RFC8908, if any.
     // Obtained by ConnectivityService and merged into NetworkAgent-provided information.
     public CaptivePortalData capportApiData;
@@ -588,6 +591,17 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that the native network has been destroyed.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkDestroyed() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onNetworkDestroyed();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending network destroyed event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
     // TODO: consider moving out of NetworkAgentInfo into its own class
     private class NetworkAgentMessageHandler extends INetworkAgentRegistry.Stub {
         private final Handler mHandler;
@@ -664,6 +678,12 @@
                 @QosCallbackException.ExceptionType final int exceptionType) {
             mQosCallbackTracker.sendEventQosCallbackError(qosCallbackId, exceptionType);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendTeardownDelayMs(int teardownDelayMs) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED,
+                    teardownDelayMs, 0, new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, null)).sendToTarget();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
index 5e6b9f3..2e51be3 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.internal.util.TrafficStatsConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
                 int sockType, int protocol, long writeTimeout, long readTimeout, int dstPort)
                 throws ErrnoException, IOException {
             final int oldTag = TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(
-                    TrafficStatsConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+                    NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
             try {
                 mFileDescriptor = Os.socket(mAddressFamily, sockType, protocol);
             } finally {
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@
             if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
 
             // No need to restore the tag, since this thread is only used for this measurement.
-            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(TrafficStatsConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
 
             try (SSLSocket sslSocket = setupSSLSocket()) {
                 sendDoTProbe(sslSocket);
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index 488677a..3711679 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -271,6 +271,13 @@
         return mApps.containsKey(uid);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the given uid has permission to use restricted networks.
+     */
+    public synchronized boolean hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(int uid) {
+        return Boolean.TRUE.equals(mApps.get(uid));
+    }
+
     private void update(Set<UserHandle> users, Map<Integer, Boolean> apps, boolean add) {
         List<Integer> network = new ArrayList<>();
         List<Integer> system = new ArrayList<>();
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
index a4d8353..1e54093 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.assertParcelSane
@@ -44,7 +45,13 @@
             setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(false)
             setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true)
         }.build()
-        assertParcelSane(config, 10)
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            // From S, the config will have 12 items
+            assertParcelSane(config, 12)
+        } else {
+            // For R or below, the config will have 10 items
+            assertParcelSane(config, 10)
+        }
     }
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index 1f50e31..e7718b5 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -38,14 +38,12 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastR;
@@ -103,20 +101,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testMaybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() {
-        // verify EIMS is restricted
-        assertEquals((1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS) & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES,
-                (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS));
-
-        // verify CBS is also restricted
-        assertEquals((1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS) & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES,
-                (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS));
-
-        // verify default is not restricted
-        assertEquals((1 << NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES, 0);
-
-        // just to see
-        assertEquals(RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES & UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES, 0);
-
         // check that internet does not get restricted
         NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
         netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
@@ -985,26 +969,6 @@
         assertNotEquals(-50, nc.getSignalStrength());
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
-    public void testDeduceRestrictedCapability() {
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        // Default capabilities don't have restricted capability.
-        assertFalse(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-        // If there is a force restricted capability, then the network capabilities is restricted.
-        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
-        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
-        assertTrue(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-        // Except for the force restricted capability, if there is any unrestricted capability in
-        // capabilities, then the network capabilities is not restricted.
-        nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
-        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS);
-        assertFalse(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-        // Except for the force restricted capability, the network capabilities will only be treated
-        // as restricted when there is no any unrestricted capability.
-        nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
-        assertTrue(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-    }
-
     private void assertNoTransport(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= MAX_TRANSPORT; i++) {
             assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
index f5a4234..db18500 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE"/>
     <!-- Reading DeviceConfig flags -->
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM"/>
     <application android:debuggable="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 36f205b..6cbdd25 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.nullable;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 8938c1d..ad93420 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.app.PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_ADDED;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
@@ -715,6 +717,9 @@
         private int mProbesSucceeded;
         private String mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
         private boolean mNmProvNotificationRequested = false;
+        private Runnable mCreatedCallback;
+        private Runnable mUnwantedCallback;
+        private Runnable mDisconnectedCallback;
 
         private final ConditionVariable mNetworkStatusReceived = new ConditionVariable();
         // Contains the redirectUrl from networkStatus(). Before reading, wait for
@@ -769,6 +774,24 @@
                     mRedirectUrl = redirectUrl;
                     mNetworkStatusReceived.open();
                 }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onNetworkCreated() {
+                    super.onNetworkCreated();
+                    if (mCreatedCallback != null) mCreatedCallback.run();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onNetworkUnwanted() {
+                    super.onNetworkUnwanted();
+                    if (mUnwantedCallback != null) mUnwantedCallback.run();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onNetworkDestroyed() {
+                    super.onNetworkDestroyed();
+                    if (mDisconnectedCallback != null) mDisconnectedCallback.run();
+                }
             };
 
             assertEquals(na.getNetwork().netId, nmNetworkCaptor.getValue().netId);
@@ -970,6 +993,18 @@
             p.timestampMillis = DATA_STALL_TIMESTAMP;
             mNmCallbacks.notifyDataStallSuspected(p);
         }
+
+        public void setCreatedCallback(Runnable r) {
+            mCreatedCallback = r;
+        }
+
+        public void setUnwantedCallback(Runnable r) {
+            mUnwantedCallback = r;
+        }
+
+        public void setDisconnectedCallback(Runnable r) {
+            mDisconnectedCallback = r;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1373,10 +1408,21 @@
     }
 
     private void mockUidNetworkingBlocked() {
-        doAnswer(i -> NetworkPolicyManager.isUidBlocked(mBlockedReasons, i.getArgument(1))
+        doAnswer(i -> isUidBlocked(mBlockedReasons, i.getArgument(1))
         ).when(mNetworkPolicyManager).isUidNetworkingBlocked(anyInt(), anyBoolean());
     }
 
+    private boolean isUidBlocked(int blockedReasons, boolean meteredNetwork) {
+        final int blockedOnAllNetworksReason = (blockedReasons & ~BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK);
+        if (blockedOnAllNetworksReason != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (meteredNetwork) {
+            return blockedReasons != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private void setBlockedReasonChanged(int blockedReasons) {
         mBlockedReasons = blockedReasons;
         mPolicyCallback.onUidBlockedReasonChanged(Process.myUid(), blockedReasons);
@@ -1571,7 +1617,7 @@
         doReturn(mNetworkStack).when(deps).getNetworkStack();
         doReturn(mSystemProperties).when(deps).getSystemProperties();
         doReturn(mock(ProxyTracker.class)).when(deps).makeProxyTracker(any(), any());
-        doReturn(true).when(deps).queryUserAccess(anyInt(), anyInt());
+        doReturn(true).when(deps).queryUserAccess(anyInt(), any(), any());
         doAnswer(inv -> {
             mPolicyTracker = new WrappedMultinetworkPolicyTracker(
                     inv.getArgument(0), inv.getArgument(1), inv.getArgument(2));
@@ -2438,8 +2484,7 @@
     public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_Sanitize() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(true /* sanitized */);
     }
 
@@ -2447,7 +2492,7 @@
     public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_NoSanitize_NetworkStack() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(false /* sanitized */);
     }
 
@@ -2455,7 +2500,7 @@
     public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_NoSanitize_Settings() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(false /* sanitized */);
     }
 
@@ -2799,6 +2844,94 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testNetworkAgentCallbacks() throws Exception {
+        // Keeps track of the order of events that happen in this test.
+        final LinkedBlockingQueue<String> eventOrder = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final AtomicReference<Network> wifiNetwork = new AtomicReference<>();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        // Expectations for state when various callbacks fire. These expectations run on the handler
+        // thread and not on the test thread because they need to prevent the handler thread from
+        // advancing while they examine state.
+
+        // 1. When onCreated fires, netd has been told to create the network.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setCreatedCallback(() -> {
+            eventOrder.offer("onNetworkCreated");
+            wifiNetwork.set(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+            assertNotNull(wifiNetwork.get());
+            try {
+                verify(mMockNetd).networkCreatePhysical(wifiNetwork.get().getNetId(),
+                        INetd.PERMISSION_NONE);
+            } catch (RemoteException impossible) {
+                fail();
+            }
+        });
+
+        // 2. onNetworkUnwanted isn't precisely ordered with respect to any particular events. Just
+        //    check that it is fired at some point after disconnect.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setUnwantedCallback(() -> eventOrder.offer("onNetworkUnwanted"));
+
+        // 3. While the teardown timer is running, connectivity APIs report the network is gone, but
+        //    netd has not yet been told to destroy it.
+        final Runnable duringTeardown = () -> {
+            eventOrder.offer("timePasses");
+            assertNull(mCm.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork.get()));
+            try {
+                verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkDestroy(wifiNetwork.get().getNetId());
+            } catch (RemoteException impossible) {
+                fail();
+            }
+        };
+
+        // 4. After onNetworkDisconnected is called, connectivity APIs report the network is gone,
+        // and netd has been told to destroy it.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setDisconnectedCallback(() -> {
+            eventOrder.offer("onNetworkDisconnected");
+            assertNull(mCm.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork.get()));
+            try {
+                verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(wifiNetwork.get().getNetId());
+            } catch (RemoteException impossible) {
+                fail();
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Connect a network, and file a request for it after it has come up, to ensure the nascent
+        // timer is cleared and the test does not have to wait for it. Filing the request after the
+        // network has come up is necessary because ConnectivityService does not appear to clear the
+        // nascent timer if the first request satisfied by the network was filed before the network
+        // connected.
+        // TODO: fix this bug, file the request before connecting, and remove the waitForIdle.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        waitForIdle();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Set teardown delay and make sure CS has processed it.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetworkAgent().setTeardownDelayMs(300);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Post the duringTeardown lambda to the handler so it fires while teardown is in progress.
+        // The delay must be long enough it will run after the unregisterNetworkCallback has torn
+        // down the network and started the teardown timer, and short enough that the lambda is
+        // scheduled to run before the teardown timer.
+        final Handler h = new Handler(mCsHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        h.postDelayed(duringTeardown, 150);
+
+        // Disconnect the network and check that events happened in the right order.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        assertEquals("onNetworkCreated", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        assertEquals("onNetworkUnwanted", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        assertEquals("timePasses", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        assertEquals("onNetworkDisconnected", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testExplicitlySelected() throws Exception {
         NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .clearCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
@@ -3439,8 +3572,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testCaptivePortalApi() throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -3474,8 +3606,7 @@
     private TestNetworkCallback setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi() throws Exception {
         // Grant NETWORK_SETTINGS permission to be able to receive LinkProperties change callbacks
         // with sensitive (captive portal) data
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -3909,8 +4040,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testRegisterDefaultNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
         // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback defaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
@@ -4069,8 +4199,7 @@
                 () -> mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(APP1_UID, callback, handler));
         callback.assertNoCallback();
 
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
@@ -5391,10 +5520,11 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNetworkCallbackMaximum() {
+    public void testNetworkCallbackMaximum() throws Exception {
         final int MAX_REQUESTS = 100;
         final int CALLBACKS = 89;
         final int INTENTS = 11;
+        final int SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS = 250;
         assertEquals(MAX_REQUESTS, CALLBACKS + INTENTS);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
@@ -5443,6 +5573,33 @@
                                 new Intent("d"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))
         );
 
+        // The system gets another SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS slots.
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+            ArrayList<NetworkCallback> systemRegistered = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS - 1; i++) {
+                NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
+                if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(1000000 + i, cb, handler);
+                } else {
+                    mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
+                }
+                systemRegistered.add(cb);
+            }
+            waitForIdle();
+
+            assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(1001042, new NetworkCallback(),
+                            handler));
+            assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                    mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, new NetworkCallback()));
+
+            for (NetworkCallback callback : systemRegistered) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            }
+            waitForIdle();  // Wait for requests to be unregistered before giving up the permission.
+        });
+
         for (Object o : registered) {
             if (o instanceof NetworkCallback) {
                 mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((NetworkCallback)o);
@@ -5469,6 +5626,30 @@
         waitForIdle();
 
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+                NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+                mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(1000000 + i, networkCallback,
+                        new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()));
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            }
+        });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
             final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
                     mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("e" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
             mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pendingIntent);
@@ -6461,8 +6642,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testVpnNetworkActive() throws Exception {
         // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final int uid = Process.myUid();
 
@@ -6954,8 +7134,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testRestrictedProfileAffectsVpnUidRanges() throws Exception {
         // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to see the UID ranges in NetworkCapabilities.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
@@ -7041,8 +7220,7 @@
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         // Necessary to see the UID ranges in NetworkCapabilities.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
@@ -7277,6 +7455,20 @@
         mMockVpn.disconnect();
     }
 
+    private class DetailedBlockedStatusCallback extends TestNetworkCallback {
+        public void expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(HasNetwork n, int blockedStatus) {
+            super.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(n.getNetwork(), blockedStatus, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        public void expectBlockedStatusCallback(HasNetwork n, int blockedStatus) {
+            // This doesn't work:
+            // super.expectBlockedStatusCallback(blockedStatus, n.getNetwork());
+            super.expectBlockedStatusCallback(blockedStatus, n.getNetwork(), TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, int blockedReasons) {
+            getHistory().add(new CallbackEntry.BlockedStatusInt(network, blockedReasons));
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testNetworkBlockedStatus() throws Exception {
         final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -7284,11 +7476,16 @@
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                 .build();
         mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        final DetailedBlockedStatusCallback detailedCallback = new DetailedBlockedStatusCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, detailedCallback);
+
         mockUidNetworkingBlocked();
 
         mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -7296,17 +7493,23 @@
 
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER);
         assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
         assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
 
-        // ConnectivityService should cache it not to invoke the callback again.
+        // If blocked state does not change but blocked reason does, the boolean callback is called.
+        // TODO: investigate de-duplicating.
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED);
-        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED);
 
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -7314,6 +7517,8 @@
 
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
         assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
@@ -7323,6 +7528,8 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, mCellNetworkAgent);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -7332,6 +7539,10 @@
         cellNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
                 mCellNetworkAgent);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
         assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
@@ -7339,6 +7550,7 @@
 
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -7346,10 +7558,13 @@
 
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        detailedCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         // Restrict background data. Networking is not blocked because the network is unmetered.
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
         assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
@@ -7359,12 +7574,14 @@
 
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
 
         setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        detailedCallback.assertNoCallback();
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
@@ -7491,8 +7708,7 @@
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -7728,8 +7944,7 @@
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         // For LockdownVpnTracker to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
         final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -7918,12 +8133,12 @@
         assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
         b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         b1.expectBroadcast();
         callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, nc -> !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
-        b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
         mMockVpn.expectStopVpnRunnerPrivileged();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
         b2.expectBroadcast();
@@ -8859,8 +9074,7 @@
     private void denyAllLocationPrivilegedPermissions() {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
@@ -9116,7 +9330,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testCreateForCallerWithLocalMacAddressSanitizedWithSettingsPermission()
             throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TransportInfo transportInfo = mock(TransportInfo.class);
         when(transportInfo.getApplicableRedactions())
@@ -10435,8 +10649,7 @@
 
     private void registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks() {
         // Using Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS for registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback()
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -10446,8 +10659,7 @@
         registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback,
                 TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID);
         // TODO: test using ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid as well.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
 
     private void unregisterDefaultNetworkCallbacks() {
@@ -10602,7 +10814,7 @@
         defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        withPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
                 mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
 
@@ -10650,7 +10862,7 @@
         defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        withPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
                 mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
 
@@ -10692,7 +10904,7 @@
         defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        withPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
                 mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
index 8c5d1d6..8b072c4 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -80,6 +83,12 @@
 
     IpConnectivityMetrics mService;
     NetdEventListenerService mNetdListener;
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_WIFI = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .build();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_CELL = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .build();
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
@@ -263,14 +272,6 @@
         // TODO: instead of comparing textpb to textpb, parse textpb and compare proto to proto.
         IpConnectivityLog logger = new IpConnectivityLog(mService.impl);
 
-        NetworkCapabilities ncWifi = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        NetworkCapabilities ncCell = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        ncWifi.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        ncCell.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-
-        when(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(new Network(100))).thenReturn(ncWifi);
-        when(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(new Network(101))).thenReturn(ncCell);
-
         ApfStats apfStats = new ApfStats.Builder()
                 .setDurationMs(45000)
                 .setReceivedRas(10)
@@ -584,11 +585,21 @@
         return buffer.toString();
     }
 
-    void connectEvent(int netid, int error, int latencyMs, String ipAddr) throws Exception {
-        mNetdListener.onConnectEvent(netid, error, latencyMs, ipAddr, 80, 1);
+    private void setCapabilities(int netId) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> networkCallback =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
+        verify(mCm).registerNetworkCallback(any(), networkCallback.capture());
+        networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(new Network(netId),
+                netId == 100 ? CAPABILITIES_WIFI : CAPABILITIES_CELL);
+    }
+
+    void connectEvent(int netId, int error, int latencyMs, String ipAddr) throws Exception {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
+        mNetdListener.onConnectEvent(netId, error, latencyMs, ipAddr, 80, 1);
     }
 
     void dnsEvent(int netId, int type, int result, int latency) throws Exception {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
         mNetdListener.onDnsEvent(netId, type, result, latency, "", null, 0, 0);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
index 8ccea1a..50aaaee 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -61,18 +63,16 @@
 
     NetdEventListenerService mService;
     ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_WIFI = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .build();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_CELL = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .build();
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
-        NetworkCapabilities ncWifi = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        NetworkCapabilities ncCell = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        ncWifi.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        ncCell.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-
         mCm = mock(ConnectivityManager.class);
-        when(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(new Network(100))).thenReturn(ncWifi);
-        when(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(new Network(101))).thenReturn(ncCell);
-
         mService = new NetdEventListenerService(mCm);
     }
 
@@ -470,7 +470,16 @@
         assertEquals(want, got);
     }
 
+    private void setCapabilities(int netId) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> networkCallback =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
+        verify(mCm).registerNetworkCallback(any(), networkCallback.capture());
+        networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(new Network(netId),
+                netId == 100 ? CAPABILITIES_WIFI : CAPABILITIES_CELL);
+    }
+
     Thread connectEventAction(int netId, int error, int latencyMs, String ipAddr) {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
         return new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 mService.onConnectEvent(netId, error, latencyMs, ipAddr, 80, 1);
@@ -481,6 +490,7 @@
     }
 
     void dnsEvent(int netId, int type, int result, int latency) throws Exception {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
         mService.onDnsEvent(netId, type, result, latency, "", null, 0, 0);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 9334e2c..eeeb4fb 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -1280,6 +1281,77 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testDualVilteProviderStats() throws Exception {
+        // Pretend that network comes online.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        final int subId1 = 1;
+        final int subId2 = 2;
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{
+                buildImsState(IMSI_1, subId1, TEST_IFACE),
+                buildImsState(IMSI_2, subId2, TEST_IFACE2)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        // Register custom provider and retrieve callback.
+        final TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder provider =
+                new TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder();
+        final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cb =
+                mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider("TEST", provider);
+        assertNotNull(cb);
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Verifies that one requestStatsUpdate will be called during iface update.
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+
+        // Create some initial traffic and report to the service.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        final String vtIface1 = NetworkStats.IFACE_VT + subId1;
+        final String vtIface2 = NetworkStats.IFACE_VT + subId2;
+        final NetworkStats expectedStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(vtIface1, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(vtIface2, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1L));
+        cb.notifyStatsUpdated(0 /* unused */, expectedStats, expectedStats);
+
+        // Make another empty mutable stats object. This is necessary since the new NetworkStats
+        // object will be used to compare with the old one in NetworkStatsRecoder, two of them
+        // cannot be the same object.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verifies that one requestStatsUpdate and setAlert will be called during polling.
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+        provider.expectOnSetAlert(MB_IN_BYTES);
+
+        // Verifies that service recorded history, does not verify uid tag part.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1);
+
+        // Verifies that onStatsUpdated updates the stats accordingly.
+        NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateImsi1, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(1, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1L);
+
+        stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateImsi2, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(1, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1L);
+
+        // Verifies that unregister the callback will remove the provider from service.
+        cb.unregister();
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+        provider.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStatsProviderSetAlert() throws Exception {
         // Pretend that network comes online.
         expectDefaultSettings();
@@ -1616,6 +1688,20 @@
                 TYPE_MOBILE);
     }
 
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildImsState(
+            String subscriberId, int subId, String ifaceName) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(ifaceName);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, true);
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, true);
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS, true);
+        capabilities.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        capabilities.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(subId));
+        return new NetworkStateSnapshot(
+                MOBILE_NETWORK, capabilities, prop, subscriberId, TYPE_MOBILE);
+    }
+
     private long getElapsedRealtime() {
         return mElapsedRealtime;
     }