diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6f5142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+java_test_host {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTests",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+    // Only compile source java files in this apk.
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    libs: [
+        "cts-tradefed",
+        "tradefed",
+    ],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.mk b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 7270580..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-# Only compile source java files in this apk.
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := CtsHostsideNetworkTests
-
-LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := cts-tradefed tradefed
-
-LOCAL_CTS_TEST_PACKAGE := android.net.hostsidenetwork
-
-# Tag this module as a cts test artifact
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts general-tests
-
-include $(BUILD_CTS_HOST_JAVA_LIBRARY)
-
-# Build the test APKs using their own makefiles
-include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
index 0656cae..dbff179 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 <configuration description="Config for CTS net host test cases">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+
     <target_preparer class="com.android.cts.net.NetPolicyTestsPreparer" />
 
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..320a1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+java_test_helper_library {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
+    sdk_version: "current",
+    srcs: [
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.mk b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 85f71c3..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := current
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-        com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl \
-        com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl \
-        com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl
-LOCAL_MODULE := CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl
-include $(BUILD_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARY)
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
index 72d1059..a820ae5 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+
 interface IMyService {
     void registerBroadcastReceiver();
     int getCounters(String receiverName, String action);
     String checkNetworkStatus();
     String getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
     void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType);
+    void registerNetworkCallback(in INetworkCallback cb);
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..740ec26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.net.Network;
+
+interface INetworkCallback {
+    void onBlockedStatusChanged(in Network network, boolean blocked);
+    void onAvailable(in Network network);
+    void onLost(in Network network);
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d66b71b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp",
+    defaults: ["cts_support_defaults"],
+    //sdk_version: "current",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "ub-uiautomator",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.runner.stubs",
+        "android.test.base.stubs",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.mk b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 11f6bb1..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-#LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := current
-LOCAL_PRIVATE_PLATFORM_APIS := true
-LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := compatibility-device-util-axt ctstestrunner-axt ub-uiautomator \
-        CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl
-
-LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := android.test.runner.stubs android.test.base.stubs
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
-
-LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp
-
-LOCAL_PROGUARD_ENABLED := disabled
-LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false
-
-# Tag this module as a cts test artifact
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts general-tests
-
-include $(BUILD_CTS_SUPPORT_PACKAGE)
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index 1844878..6ea325f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -377,6 +377,23 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * As per CDD requirements, if the device doesn't support data saver mode then
+     * ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus() will always return
+     * RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED. So, enable the data saver mode and check if
+     * ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus() for an app in background returns
+     * RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED or not.
+     */
+    protected boolean isDataSaverSupported() throws Exception {
+        assertMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+        try {
+            setRestrictBackground(true);
+            return !isMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+        } finally {
+            setRestrictBackground(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Returns whether an app state should be considered "background" for restriction purposes.
      */
     protected boolean isBackground(int state) {
@@ -969,6 +986,10 @@
         fail("app2 receiver is not ready");
     }
 
+    protected void registerNetworkCallback(INetworkCallback cb) throws Exception {
+        mServiceClient.registerNetworkCallback(cb);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Registers a {@link NotificationListenerService} implementation that will execute the
      * notification actions right after the notification is sent.
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
index c3962fb..72563d4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@
 
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.compatibility.common.util.CddTest;
-
-@CddTest(requirement="7.4.7/C-1-1,H-1-1,C-2-1")
 public class DataSaverModeTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
 
     private static final String[] REQUIRED_WHITELISTED_PACKAGES = {
@@ -76,23 +73,6 @@
         return mIsDataSaverSupported && super.isSupported();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * As per CDD requirements, if the device doesn't support data saver mode then
-     * ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus() will always return
-     * RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED. So, enable the data saver mode and check if
-     * ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus() for an app in background returns
-     * RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED or not.
-     */
-    private boolean isDataSaverSupported() throws Exception {
-        assertMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
-        try {
-            setRestrictBackground(true);
-            return !isMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
-        } finally {
-            setRestrictBackground(false);
-        }
-    }
-
     public void testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_disabled() throws Exception {
         if (!isSupported()) return;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
index e2976c2..3ee7b99 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
 
 import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IMyService;
 
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-
 public class MyServiceClient {
     private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
     private static final String PACKAGE = MyServiceClient.class.getPackage().getName();
@@ -98,4 +96,8 @@
     public void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType) throws RemoteException {
         mService.sendNotification(notificationId, notificationType);
     }
+
+    public void registerNetworkCallback(INetworkCallback cb) throws RemoteException {
+        mService.registerNetworkCallback(cb);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
index 90a3ce4..7d3d4fc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.VpnService;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
@@ -26,12 +28,17 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 public class MyVpnService extends VpnService {
 
     private static String TAG = "MyVpnService";
     private static int MTU = 1799;
 
+    public static final String ACTION_ESTABLISHED = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.ESTABNLISHED";
+    public static final String EXTRA_ALWAYS_ON = "is-always-on";
+    public static final String EXTRA_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED = "is-lockdown-enabled";
+
     private ParcelFileDescriptor mFd = null;
     private PacketReflector mPacketReflector = null;
 
@@ -113,6 +120,20 @@
             }
         }
 
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks =
+                intent.getParcelableArrayListExtra(packageName + ".underlyingNetworks");
+        if (underlyingNetworks == null) {
+            // VPN tracks default network
+            builder.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        } else {
+            builder.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]));
+        }
+
+        boolean isAlwaysMetered = intent.getBooleanExtra(packageName + ".isAlwaysMetered", false);
+        builder.setMetered(isAlwaysMetered);
+
+        ProxyInfo vpnProxy = intent.getParcelableExtra(packageName + ".httpProxy");
+        builder.setHttpProxy(vpnProxy);
         builder.setMtu(MTU);
         builder.setBlocking(true);
         builder.setSession("MyVpnService");
@@ -126,10 +147,19 @@
         mFd = builder.establish();
         Log.i(TAG, "Established, fd=" + (mFd == null ? "null" : mFd.getFd()));
 
+        broadcastEstablished();
+
         mPacketReflector = new PacketReflector(mFd.getFileDescriptor(), MTU);
         mPacketReflector.start();
     }
 
+    private void broadcastEstablished() {
+        final Intent bcIntent = new Intent(ACTION_ESTABLISHED);
+        bcIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_ALWAYS_ON, isAlwaysOn());
+        bcIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED, isLockdownEnabled());
+        sendBroadcast(bcIntent);
+    }
+
     private void stop() {
         if (mPacketReflector != null) {
             mPacketReflector.interrupt();
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24dde9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.net.Network;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class NetworkCallbackTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+
+    private boolean mIsDataSaverSupported;
+    private Network mNetwork;
+    private final TestNetworkCallback mTestNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+    enum CallbackState {
+        NONE,
+        AVAILABLE,
+        LOST,
+        BLOCKED_STATUS
+    }
+
+    private static class CallbackInfo {
+        public final CallbackState state;
+        public final Network network;
+        public final Object arg;
+
+        CallbackInfo(CallbackState s, Network n, Object o) {
+            state = s; network = n; arg = o;
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("%s (%s) (%s)", state, network, arg);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof CallbackInfo)) return false;
+            // Ignore timeMs, since it's unpredictable.
+            final CallbackInfo other = (CallbackInfo) o;
+            return (state == other.state) && Objects.equals(network, other.network)
+                    && Objects.equals(arg, other.arg);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(state, network, arg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class TestNetworkCallback extends INetworkCallback.Stub {
+        private static final int TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200;
+
+        private final LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackInfo> mCallbacks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        protected void setLastCallback(CallbackState state, Network network, Object o) {
+            mCallbacks.offer(new CallbackInfo(state, network, o));
+        }
+
+        CallbackInfo nextCallback(int timeoutMs) {
+            CallbackInfo cb = null;
+            try {
+                cb = mCallbacks.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            }
+            if (cb == null) {
+                fail("Did not receive callback after " + timeoutMs + "ms");
+            }
+            return cb;
+        }
+
+        CallbackInfo expectCallback(CallbackState state, Network expectedNetwork, Object o) {
+            final CallbackInfo expected = new CallbackInfo(state, expectedNetwork, o);
+            final CallbackInfo actual = nextCallback(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            assertEquals("Unexpected callback:", expected, actual);
+            return actual;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+            setLastCallback(CallbackState.AVAILABLE, network, null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(Network network) {
+            setLastCallback(CallbackState.LOST, network, null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, boolean blocked) {
+            setLastCallback(CallbackState.BLOCKED_STATUS, network, blocked);
+        }
+
+        public void expectLostCallback(Network expectedNetwork) {
+            expectCallback(CallbackState.LOST, expectedNetwork, null);
+        }
+
+        public void expectAvailableCallback(Network expectedNetwork) {
+            expectCallback(CallbackState.AVAILABLE, expectedNetwork, null);
+        }
+
+        public void expectBlockedStatusCallback(Network expectedNetwork, boolean expectBlocked) {
+            expectCallback(CallbackState.BLOCKED_STATUS, expectedNetwork,
+                    expectBlocked);
+        }
+
+        void assertNoCallback() {
+            CallbackInfo cb = null;
+            try {
+                cb = mCallbacks.poll(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                // Expected.
+            }
+            if (cb != null) {
+                assertNull("Unexpected callback: " + cb, cb);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        mIsDataSaverSupported = isDataSaverSupported();
+
+        mNetwork = mCm.getActiveNetwork();
+
+        // Set initial state.
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+
+        if (!mIsDataSaverSupported) return;
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        if (!mIsDataSaverSupported) return;
+
+        try {
+            resetMeteredNetwork();
+        } finally {
+            setRestrictBackground(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_data_saver() throws Exception {
+        if (!mIsDataSaverSupported) return;
+
+        // Prepare metered wifi
+        if (!setMeteredNetwork()) return;
+
+        // Register callback
+        registerNetworkCallback((INetworkCallback.Stub) mTestNetworkCallback);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallback(mNetwork);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+
+        // Enable restrict background
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, true);
+
+        // Add to whitelist
+        addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+
+        // Remove from whitelist
+        removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, true);
+
+        // Set to non-metered network
+        setUnmeteredNetwork();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+
+        // Disable restrict background, should not trigger callback
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_power_saver() throws Exception {
+        // Prepare metered wifi
+        if (!setMeteredNetwork()) return;
+
+        // Register callback
+        registerNetworkCallback((INetworkCallback.Stub) mTestNetworkCallback);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallback(mNetwork);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+
+        // Enable Power Saver
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, true);
+
+        // Disable Power Saver
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+
+        // Set to non-metered network
+        setUnmeteredNetwork();
+        mTestNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Enable Power Saver
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, true);
+
+        // Disable Power Saver
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: 1. test against VPN lockdown.
+    //       2. test against multiple networks.
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/PacketReflector.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/PacketReflector.java
index a4a2956..124c2c3 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/PacketReflector.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/PacketReflector.java
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP_ECHO;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
+
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -47,8 +52,6 @@
 
     private static final byte ICMP_ECHO = 8;
     private static final byte ICMP_ECHOREPLY = 0;
-    private static final byte ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST = (byte) 128;
-    private static final byte ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY = (byte) 129;
 
     private static String TAG = "PacketReflector";
 
@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@
 
         byte type = buf[hdrLen];
         if (!(version == 4 && type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
-            !(version == 6 && type == ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST)) {
+            !(version == 6 && type == (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST)) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -145,10 +148,18 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        byte replyType = buf[hdrLen];
+        if ((type == ICMP_ECHO && replyType != ICMP_ECHOREPLY)
+                || (type == (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST && replyType != (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Received unexpected ICMP reply: original " + type
+                    + ", reply " + replyType);
+            return;
+        }
+
         // Compare the response we got with the original packet.
         // The only thing that should have changed are addresses, type and checksum.
         // Overwrite them with the received bytes and see if the packet is otherwise identical.
-        request[hdrLen] = buf[hdrLen];          // Type.
+        request[hdrLen] = buf[hdrLen];          // Type
         request[hdrLen + 2] = buf[hdrLen + 2];  // Checksum byte 1.
         request[hdrLen + 3] = buf[hdrLen + 3];  // Checksum byte 2.
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index b3f61c4..2fc85f6 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.*;
 
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
@@ -26,35 +29,32 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.Proxy;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.VpnService;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
 import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObject;
-import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObjectNotFoundException;
-import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiScrollable;
 import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiSelector;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.system.StructPollfd;
 import android.test.InstrumentationTestCase;
 import android.test.MoreAsserts;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IRemoteSocketFactory;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BlockingBroadcastReceiver;
 
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.FileOutputStream;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
-import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -62,9 +62,11 @@
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.ServerSocket;
 import java.net.Socket;
-import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
  * Tests for the VpnService API.
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@
     private MyActivity mActivity;
     private String mPackageName;
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private WifiManager mWifiManager;
     private RemoteSocketFactoryClient mRemoteSocketFactoryClient;
 
     Network mNetwork;
@@ -125,7 +128,8 @@
         mActivity = launchActivity(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getPackageName(),
                 MyActivity.class, null);
         mPackageName = mActivity.getPackageName();
-        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) mActivity.getSystemService(mActivity.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) mActivity.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mWifiManager = (WifiManager) mActivity.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
         mRemoteSocketFactoryClient = new RemoteSocketFactoryClient(mActivity);
         mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.bind();
         mDevice.waitForIdle();
@@ -194,10 +198,11 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // TODO: Consider replacing arguments with a Builder.
     private void startVpn(
-            String[] addresses, String[] routes,
-            String allowedApplications, String disallowedApplications) throws Exception {
-
+        String[] addresses, String[] routes, String allowedApplications,
+        String disallowedApplications, @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
+        @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered) throws Exception {
         prepareVpn();
 
         // Register a callback so we will be notified when our VPN comes up.
@@ -223,7 +228,12 @@
                 .putExtra(mPackageName + ".addresses", TextUtils.join(",", addresses))
                 .putExtra(mPackageName + ".routes", TextUtils.join(",", routes))
                 .putExtra(mPackageName + ".allowedapplications", allowedApplications)
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".disallowedapplications", disallowedApplications);
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".disallowedapplications", disallowedApplications)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".httpProxy", proxyInfo)
+                .putParcelableArrayListExtra(
+                    mPackageName + ".underlyingNetworks", underlyingNetworks)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".isAlwaysMetered", isAlwaysMetered);
+
         mActivity.startService(intent);
         synchronized (mLock) {
             if (mNetwork == null) {
@@ -252,7 +262,8 @@
         mCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
             public void onLost(Network network) {
                 synchronized (mLockShutdown) {
-                    Log.i(TAG, "Got lost callback for network=" + network + ",mNetwork = " + mNetwork);
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Got lost callback for network=" + network
+                            + ",mNetwork = " + mNetwork);
                     if( mNetwork == network){
                         mLockShutdown.notify();
                     }
@@ -354,7 +365,7 @@
         MoreAsserts.assertEquals(data, read);
     }
 
-    private static void checkTcpReflection(String to, String expectedFrom) throws IOException {
+    private void checkTcpReflection(String to, String expectedFrom) throws IOException {
         // Exercise TCP over the VPN by "connecting to ourselves". We open a server socket and a
         // client socket, and connect the client socket to a remote host, with the port of the
         // server socket. The PacketReflector reflects the packets, changing the source addresses
@@ -392,7 +403,8 @@
             // Accept the connection on the server side.
             listen.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
             server = listen.accept();
-
+            checkConnectionOwnerUidTcp(client);
+            checkConnectionOwnerUidTcp(server);
             // Check that the source and peer addresses are as expected.
             assertEquals(expectedFrom, client.getLocalAddress().getHostAddress());
             assertEquals(expectedFrom, server.getLocalAddress().getHostAddress());
@@ -425,7 +437,23 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static void checkUdpEcho(String to, String expectedFrom) throws IOException {
+    private void checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(DatagramSocket s, boolean expectSuccess) {
+        final int expectedUid = expectSuccess ? Process.myUid() : INVALID_UID;
+        InetSocketAddress loc = new InetSocketAddress(s.getLocalAddress(), s.getLocalPort());
+        InetSocketAddress rem = new InetSocketAddress(s.getInetAddress(), s.getPort());
+        int uid = mCM.getConnectionOwnerUid(OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP, loc, rem);
+        assertEquals(expectedUid, uid);
+    }
+
+    private void checkConnectionOwnerUidTcp(Socket s) {
+        final int expectedUid = Process.myUid();
+        InetSocketAddress loc = new InetSocketAddress(s.getLocalAddress(), s.getLocalPort());
+        InetSocketAddress rem = new InetSocketAddress(s.getInetAddress(), s.getPort());
+        int uid = mCM.getConnectionOwnerUid(OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP, loc, rem);
+        assertEquals(expectedUid, uid);
+    }
+
+    private void checkUdpEcho(String to, String expectedFrom) throws IOException {
         DatagramSocket s;
         InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(to);
         if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {  // http://b/18094870
@@ -449,6 +477,7 @@
         try {
             if (expectedFrom != null) {
                 s.send(p);
+                checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, true);
                 s.receive(p);
                 MoreAsserts.assertEquals(data, p.getData());
             } else {
@@ -456,7 +485,9 @@
                     s.send(p);
                     s.receive(p);
                     fail("Received unexpected reply");
-                } catch(IOException expected) {}
+                } catch (IOException expected) {
+                    checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, false);
+                }
             }
         } finally {
             s.close();
@@ -547,15 +578,27 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        final BlockingBroadcastReceiver receiver = new BlockingBroadcastReceiver(
+                getInstrumentation().getTargetContext(), MyVpnService.ACTION_ESTABLISHED);
+        receiver.register();
+
         FileDescriptor fd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
                  new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"},
-                 "", "");
+                 "", "", null, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        final Intent intent = receiver.awaitForBroadcast(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1));
+        assertNotNull("Failed to receive broadcast from VPN service", intent);
+        assertFalse("Wrong VpnService#isAlwaysOn",
+                intent.getBooleanExtra(MyVpnService.EXTRA_ALWAYS_ON, true));
+        assertFalse("Wrong VpnService#isLockdownEnabled",
+                intent.getBooleanExtra(MyVpnService.EXTRA_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED, true));
 
         assertSocketClosed(fd, TEST_HOST);
 
         checkTrafficOnVpn();
+        receiver.unregisterQuietly();
     }
 
     public void testAppAllowed() throws Exception {
@@ -567,7 +610,7 @@
         String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
         startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
                  new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
-                 allowedApps, "");
+                 allowedApps, "", null, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
 
         assertSocketClosed(fd, TEST_HOST);
 
@@ -589,11 +632,321 @@
         Log.i(TAG, "Append shell app to disallowedApps: " + disallowedApps);
         startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
                  new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
-                 "", disallowedApps);
+                 "", disallowedApps, null, null /* underlyingNetworks */,
+                 false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
 
         assertSocketStillOpen(localFd, TEST_HOST);
         assertSocketStillOpen(remoteFd, TEST_HOST);
 
         checkNoTrafficOnVpn();
     }
+
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+
+        DatagramSocket s;
+        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
+        s = new DatagramSocket();
+        s.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        s.connect(address, 7);
+        InetSocketAddress loc = new InetSocketAddress(s.getLocalAddress(), s.getLocalPort());
+        InetSocketAddress rem = new InetSocketAddress(s.getInetAddress(), s.getPort());
+        try {
+            int uid = mCM.getConnectionOwnerUid(OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP, loc, rem);
+            fail("Only an active VPN app may call this API.");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testSetProxy() throws  Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+        // Receiver for the proxy change broadcast.
+        BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("10.0.0.1", 8888);
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "",
+                testProxyInfo, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Check that the proxy change broadcast is received
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast when VPN is connected.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+
+        // Proxy is set correctly in network and in link properties.
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(testProxyInfo, mNetwork);
+        assertDefaultProxy(testProxyInfo);
+
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        stopVpn();
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast when VPN was disconnected.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+
+        // After disconnecting from VPN, the proxy settings are the ones of the initial network.
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+    }
+
+    public void testSetProxyDisallowedApps() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+
+        // If adb TCP port opened, this test may running by adb over TCP.
+        // Add com.android.shell appllication into blacklist to exclude adb socket for VPN test,
+        // see b/119382723.
+        // Note: The test don't support running adb over network for root device
+        String disallowedApps = mPackageName + ",com.android.shell";
+        ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("10.0.0.1", 8888);
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, "", disallowedApps,
+                testProxyInfo, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // The disallowed app does has the proxy configs of the default network.
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(initialProxy, mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+    }
+
+    public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+        BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+
+        // The VPN network has no proxy set.
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(null, mNetwork);
+
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        stopVpn();
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+        // After disconnecting from VPN, the proxy settings are the ones of the initial network.
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(initialProxy, mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    public void testBindToNetworkWithProxy() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        Network initialNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+        ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("10.0.0.1", 8888);
+        // Receiver for the proxy change broadcast.
+        BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "",
+                testProxyInfo, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        assertDefaultProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        mCM.bindProcessToNetwork(initialNetwork);
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast.",
+                proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNoUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN is not routing any traffic i.e. its underlying networks is an empty array.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // VPN should now be the active network.
+        assertEquals(mNetwork, mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertVpnTransportContains(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        // VPN with no underlying networks should be metered by default.
+        assertTrue(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        assertTrue(mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN tracks platform default.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = null;
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, false /*isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Ensure VPN transports contains underlying network's transports.
+        assertVpnTransportContains(underlyingNetwork);
+        // Its meteredness should be same as that of underlying network.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(underlyingNetwork), isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        // Meteredness based on VPN capabilities and CM#isActiveNetworkMetered should be in sync.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork), mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN explicitly declares WiFi to be its underlying network.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>(1);
+        underlyingNetworks.add(underlyingNetwork);
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Ensure VPN transports contains underlying network's transports.
+        assertVpnTransportContains(underlyingNetwork);
+        // Its meteredness should be same as that of underlying network.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(underlyingNetwork), isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        // Meteredness based on VPN capabilities and CM#isActiveNetworkMetered should be in sync.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork), mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+    }
+
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN tracks platform default.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = null;
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        boolean isAlwaysMetered = true;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered);
+
+        // VPN's meteredness does not depend on underlying network since it is always metered.
+        assertTrue(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        assertTrue(mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+    }
+
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN explicitly declares its underlying network.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>(1);
+        underlyingNetworks.add(underlyingNetwork);
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        boolean isAlwaysMetered = true;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered);
+
+        // VPN's meteredness does not depend on underlying network since it is always metered.
+        assertTrue(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        assertTrue(mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+    }
+
+    private boolean isNetworkMetered(Network network) {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+        return !nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+    }
+
+    private void assertVpnTransportContains(Network underlyingNetwork) {
+        int[] transports = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(underlyingNetwork).getTransportTypes();
+        assertVpnTransportContains(transports);
+    }
+
+    private void assertVpnTransportContains(int... transports) {
+        NetworkCapabilities vpnCaps = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(mNetwork);
+        for (int transport : transports) {
+            assertTrue(vpnCaps.hasTransport(transport));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertDefaultProxy(ProxyInfo expected) {
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy config.", expected, mCM.getDefaultProxy());
+        String expectedHost = expected == null ? null : expected.getHost();
+        String expectedPort = expected == null ? null : String.valueOf(expected.getPort());
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy host system property.", expectedHost,
+            System.getProperty("http.proxyHost"));
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy port system property.", expectedPort,
+            System.getProperty("http.proxyPort"));
+    }
+
+    private void assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(ProxyInfo expected, Network network) {
+        LinkProperties lp = mCM.getLinkProperties(network);
+        assertNotNull("The network link properties object is null.", lp);
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy config.", expected, lp.getHttpProxy());
+
+        assertEquals(expected, mCM.getProxyForNetwork(network));
+    }
+
+    class ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver extends BlockingBroadcastReceiver {
+        private boolean received;
+
+        public ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver() {
+            super(VpnTest.this.getInstrumentation().getContext(), Proxy.PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION);
+            received = false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            if (!received) {
+                // Do not call onReceive() more than once.
+                super.onReceive(context, intent);
+            }
+            received = true;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a3c8e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp2",
+    defaults: ["cts_support_defaults"],
+    sdk_version: "current",
+    static_libs: ["CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl"],
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    certificate: ":cts-net-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.mk b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c0bae1..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := current
-LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
-
-LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp2
-
-LOCAL_PROGUARD_ENABLED := disabled
-LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false
-
-# Tag this module as a cts test artifact
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts general-tests
-
-LOCAL_CERTIFICATE := cts/hostsidetests/net/certs/cts-net-app
-
-include $(BUILD_CTS_SUPPORT_PACKAGE)
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
index 2496c4a..ec536af 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.DYNAMIC_RECEIVER;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
@@ -26,13 +27,16 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
-import android.content.SharedPreferences;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
-import android.widget.Toast;
 
 import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IMyService;
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
 
 /**
  * Service used to dynamically register a broadcast receiver.
@@ -40,7 +44,10 @@
 public class MyService extends Service {
     private static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID = "MyService";
 
+    ConnectivityManager mCm;
+
     private MyBroadcastReceiver mReceiver;
+    private ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;
 
     // TODO: move MyBroadcast static functions here - they were kept there to make git diff easier.
 
@@ -81,8 +88,67 @@
             MyBroadcastReceiver .sendNotification(getApplicationContext(), NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
                     notificationId, notificationType);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void registerNetworkCallback(INetworkCallback cb) {
+            if (mNetworkCallback != null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "unregister previous network callback: " + mNetworkCallback);
+                unregisterNetworkCallback();
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "registering network callback");
+
+            mNetworkCallback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                @Override
+                public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, boolean blocked) {
+                    try {
+                        cb.onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Cannot send onBlockedStatusChanged: " + e);
+                        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                    try {
+                        cb.onAvailable(network);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Cannot send onAvailable: " + e);
+                        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onLost(Network network) {
+                    try {
+                        cb.onLost(network);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Cannot send onLost: " + e);
+                        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), mNetworkCallback);
+            try {
+                cb.asBinder().linkToDeath(() -> unregisterNetworkCallback(), 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                unregisterNetworkCallback();
+            }
+        }
       };
 
+    private void unregisterNetworkCallback() {
+        Log.d(TAG, "unregistering network callback");
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mNetworkCallback);
+        mNetworkCallback = null;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest makeWifiNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
         return mBinder;
@@ -94,6 +160,8 @@
         ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
                 .createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
                         NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT));
+        mCm = (ConnectivityManager) getApplicationContext()
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab4cf34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+android_app_certificate {
+    name: "cts-net-app",
+    certificate: "cts-net-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d6c4ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net;
+public class HostsideNetworkCallbackTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_data_saver() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_data_saver");
+    }
+
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_power_saver() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_power_saver");
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
index 69b07af..6e37a24 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
@@ -44,4 +44,51 @@
     public void testAppDisallowed() throws Exception {
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testAppDisallowed");
     }
+
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity");
+    }
+
+    public void testSetProxy() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testSetProxy");
+    }
+
+    public void testSetProxyDisallowedApps() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testSetProxyDisallowedApps");
+    }
+
+    public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testNoProxy");
+    }
+
+    public void testBindToNetworkWithProxy() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testBindToNetworkWithProxy");
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNoUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testVpnMeterednessWithNoUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest",
+                "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19e61c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.security.cts;
+
+import com.android.tradefed.build.IBuildInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceTestCase;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.IBuildReceiver;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.IDeviceTest;
+
+import java.lang.Integer;
+import java.lang.String;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Host-side tests for values in /proc/net.
+ *
+ * These tests analyze /proc/net to verify that certain networking properties are correct.
+ */
+public class ProcNetTest extends DeviceTestCase implements IBuildReceiver, IDeviceTest {
+    private static final String SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL = "/proc/sys/net/core/xfrm_acq_expires";
+    private static final int MIN_ACQ_EXPIRES = 3600;
+    // Global sysctls. Must be present and set to 1.
+    private static final String[] GLOBAL_SYSCTLS = {
+        "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/fwmark_reflect",
+        "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/fwmark_reflect",
+        "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fwmark_accept",
+    };
+
+    // Per-interface IPv6 autoconf sysctls.
+    private static final String IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR = "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf";
+    private static final String AUTOCONF_SYSCTL = "accept_ra_rt_table";
+
+    // Expected values for MIN|MAX_PLEN.
+    private static final String ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN_STRING = "accept_ra_rt_info_min_plen";
+    private static final int ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN_VALUE = 48;
+    private static final String ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN_STRING = "accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen";
+    private static final int ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN_VALUE = 64;
+    // Expected values for RFC 7559 router soliciations.
+    // Maximum number of router solicitations to send. -1 means no limit.
+    private static final int IPV6_WIFI_ROUTER_SOLICITATIONS = -1;
+    private ITestDevice mDevice;
+    private IBuildInfo mBuild;
+    private String[] mSysctlDirs;
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setBuild(IBuildInfo build) {
+        mBuild = build;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setDevice(ITestDevice device) {
+        super.setDevice(device);
+        mDevice = device;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        mSysctlDirs = getSysctlDirs();
+    }
+
+    private String[] getSysctlDirs() throws Exception {
+        String interfaceDirs[] = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "ls", "-1",
+                IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR).split("\n");
+        List<String> interfaceDirsList = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(interfaceDirs));
+        interfaceDirsList.remove("all");
+        interfaceDirsList.remove("lo");
+        return interfaceDirsList.toArray(new String[interfaceDirsList.size()]);
+    }
+
+
+    protected void assertLess(String sysctl, int a, int b) {
+        assertTrue("value of " + sysctl + ": expected < " + b + " but was: " + a, a < b);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertAtLeast(String sysctl, int a, int b) {
+        assertTrue("value of " + sysctl + ": expected >= " + b + " but was: " + a, a >= b);
+    }
+
+    public int readIntFromPath(String path) throws Exception {
+        String mode = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "stat", "-c", "%a", path).trim();
+        String user = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "stat", "-c", "%u", path).trim();
+        String group = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "stat", "-c", "%g", path).trim();
+        assertEquals(mode, "644");
+        assertEquals(user, "0");
+        assertEquals(group, "0");
+        return Integer.parseInt(mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "cat", path).trim());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that SPI default timeouts are overridden, and set to a reasonable length of time
+     */
+    public void testMinAcqExpires() throws Exception {
+        int value = readIntFromPath(SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL);
+        assertAtLeast(SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL, value, MIN_ACQ_EXPIRES);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that the sysctls for multinetwork kernel features are present and
+     * enabled.
+     */
+    public void testProcSysctls() throws Exception {
+        for (String sysctl : GLOBAL_SYSCTLS) {
+            int value = readIntFromPath(sysctl);
+            assertEquals(sysctl, 1, value);
+        }
+
+        for (String interfaceDir : mSysctlDirs) {
+            String path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + AUTOCONF_SYSCTL;
+            int value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertLess(path, value, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that accept_ra_rt_info_{min,max}_plen exists and is set to the expected value
+     */
+    public void testAcceptRaRtInfoMinMaxPlen() throws Exception {
+        for (String interfaceDir : mSysctlDirs) {
+            String path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "accept_ra_rt_info_min_plen";
+            int value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertEquals(path, value, ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN_VALUE);
+            path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen";
+            value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertEquals(path, value, ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN_VALUE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that router_solicitations exists and is set to the expected value
+     * and verify that router_solicitation_max_interval exists and is in an acceptable interval.
+     */
+    public void testRouterSolicitations() throws Exception {
+        for (String interfaceDir : mSysctlDirs) {
+            String path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "router_solicitations";
+            int value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertEquals(IPV6_WIFI_ROUTER_SOLICITATIONS, value);
+            path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "router_solicitation_max_interval";
+            int interval = readIntFromPath(path);
+            final int lowerBoundSec = 15 * 60;
+            final int upperBoundSec = 60 * 60;
+            assertTrue(lowerBoundSec <= interval);
+            assertTrue(interval <= upperBoundSec);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6ea4af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsNetTestCases",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+
+    libs: [
+        "voip-common",
+        "org.apache.http.legacy",
+        "android.test.base.stubs",
+    ],
+
+    jni_libs: [
+        "libcts_jni",
+        "libnativedns_jni",
+        "libnativemultinetwork_jni",
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+    ],
+
+    // include CtsTestServer as a temporary hack to free net.cts from cts.stub.
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
+        "core-tests-support",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "ctstestserver",
+        "mockwebserver",
+        "junit",
+        "junit-params",
+        "truth-prebuilt",
+    ],
+
+    // uncomment when b/13249961 is fixed
+    // sdk_version: "current",
+    platform_apis: true,
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.mk b/tests/cts/net/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 45941a7..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-# don't include this package in any target
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
-# and when built explicitly put it in the data partition
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA_APPS)
-
-# Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := \
-    voip-common \
-    conscrypt \
-    org.apache.http.legacy \
-    android.test.base.stubs \
-
-
-LOCAL_JNI_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcts_jni libnativedns_jni \
-                              libnativemultinetwork_jni libnativehelper_compat_libc++
-
-# include CtsTestServer as a temporary hack to free net.cts from cts.stub.
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
-
-LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := CtsNetTestCases
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := \
-    core-tests-support \
-    compatibility-device-util-axt \
-    ctstestrunner-axt \
-    ctstestserver \
-    mockwebserver \
-    junit \
-    truth-prebuilt
-
-# uncomment when b/13249961 is fixed
-#LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := current
-LOCAL_PRIVATE_PLATFORM_APIS := true
-
-# Tag this module as a cts test artifact
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts general-tests
-
-include $(BUILD_CTS_PACKAGE)
-
-include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
index b261b39..734d9de 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
  -->
 
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-    package="android.net.cts">
+    package="android.net.cts"
+    android:targetSandboxVersion="2">
 
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
@@ -34,12 +35,6 @@
     <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
         <uses-library android:name="org.apache.http.legacy" android:required="false" />
-
-        <receiver android:name=".ConnectivityReceiver">
-            <intent-filter>
-                <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" />
-            </intent-filter>
-        </receiver>
     </application>
 
     <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTest.xml
index 1326970..1910d53 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -15,10 +15,14 @@
 <configuration description="Config for CTS Net test cases">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
         <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsNetTestCases.apk" />
-        <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsNetTestAppForApi23.apk" />
     </target_preparer>
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
         <option name="package" value="android.net.cts" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe854e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsNetApi23TestCases",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.base.stubs",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "core-tests-support",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "ctstestserver",
+        "mockwebserver",
+        "junit",
+        "junit-params",
+        "truth-prebuilt",
+    ],
+
+    platform_apis: true,
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8af87f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="android.net.cts.api23test">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+
+    <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+
+        <receiver android:name=".ConnectivityReceiver">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </receiver>
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+                     android:targetPackage="android.net.cts.api23test"
+                     android:label="CTS tests of android.net">
+        <meta-data android:name="listener"
+            android:value="com.android.cts.runner.CtsTestRunListener" />
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
+
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21f28fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS Net API23 test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsNetApi23TestCases.apk" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsNetTestAppForApi23.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="android.net.cts.api23test" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdb66e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.api23test;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class ConnectivityManagerApi23Test extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int SEND_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT = 30000;
+    // Intent string to get the number of wifi CONNECTIVITY_ACTION callbacks the test app has seen
+    public static final String GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT =
+            "android.net.cts.appForApi23.getWifiConnectivityActionCount";
+    // Action sent to ConnectivityActionReceiver when a network callback is sent via PendingIntent.
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        Looper.prepare();
+        mContext = getContext();
+        mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests reporting of connectivity changed.
+     */
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent() {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+        ConnectivityReceiver.prepare();
+
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+
+        // The connectivity broadcast has been sent; push through a terminal broadcast
+        // to wait for in the receive to confirm it didn't see the connectivity change.
+        Intent finalIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityReceiver.FINAL_ACTION);
+        finalIntent.setClass(mContext, ConnectivityReceiver.class);
+        mContext.sendBroadcast(finalIntent);
+        assertFalse(ConnectivityReceiver.waitForBroadcast());
+    }
+
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent()
+            throws InterruptedException {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot"
+                    + "execute unless device supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+        mContext.startActivity(new Intent()
+                .setComponent(new ComponentName("android.net.cts.appForApi23",
+                        "android.net.cts.appForApi23.ConnectivityListeningActivity"))
+                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK));
+        Thread.sleep(200);
+
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+
+        Intent getConnectivityCount = new Intent(GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT);
+        assertEquals(2, sendOrderedBroadcastAndReturnResultCode(
+                getConnectivityCount, SEND_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT));
+    }
+
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent() {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+        ConnectivityReceiver.prepare();
+        ConnectivityReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityReceiver();
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        Intent finalIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityReceiver.FINAL_ACTION);
+        finalIntent.setClass(mContext, ConnectivityReceiver.class);
+        mContext.sendBroadcast(finalIntent);
+
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityReceiver.waitForBroadcast());
+    }
+
+    private int sendOrderedBroadcastAndReturnResultCode(
+            Intent intent, int timeoutMs) throws InterruptedException {
+        final LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> result = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1);
+        mContext.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null, new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                result.offer(getResultCode());
+            }
+        }, null, 0, null, null);
+
+        Integer resultCode = result.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        assertNotNull("Timed out (more than " + timeoutMs +
+                " milliseconds) waiting for result code for broadcast", resultCode);
+        return resultCode;
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityReceiver.java b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityReceiver.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityReceiver.java
rename to tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityReceiver.java
index 6a7b4a0..9d2b8ad 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityReceiver.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityReceiver.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.net.cts;
+package android.net.cts.api23test;
 
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82e2a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsNetTestAppForApi23",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+
+    sdk_version: "23",
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.mk b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 54b60a0..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-# don't include this package in any target
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
-# and when built explicitly put it in the data partition
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA_APPS)
-
-# Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
-
-LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := CtsNetTestAppForApi23
-
-LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := 23
-
-# Tag this module as a cts test artifact
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts general-tests
-
-include $(BUILD_CTS_PACKAGE)
-
-include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baed48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libnativedns_jni",
+
+    srcs: ["NativeDnsJni.c"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libnativemultinetwork_jni",
+
+    srcs: ["NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-format",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.mk b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 727a44d..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libnativedns_jni
-
-# Don't include this package in any configuration by default.
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := NativeDnsJni.c
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(JNI_H_INCLUDE)
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libnativehelper_compat_libc++ liblog
-LOCAL_CXX_STL := libc++_static
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libnativemultinetwork_jni
-# Don't include this package in any configuration by default.
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := NativeMultinetworkJni.c
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -Wno-format
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(JNI_H_INCLUDE)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libandroid libnativehelper_compat_libc++ liblog
-LOCAL_CXX_STL := libc++_static
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.c b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 69238cf..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-#define LOG_TAG "MultinetworkApiTest"
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <jni.h>
-#include <netdb.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <android/multinetwork.h>
-
-#define UNUSED(X) ((void) (X))
-
-static const char kHostname[] = "connectivitycheck.android.com";
-
-
-JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runGetaddrinfoCheck(
-        JNIEnv* env, jclass class, jlong nethandle) {
-    UNUSED(env);
-    UNUSED(class);
-    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
-    struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
-
-    errno = 0;
-    int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, NULL, NULL, &res);
-    const int saved_errno = errno;
-    freeaddrinfo(res);
-
-    ALOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
-          handle, kHostname, rval, saved_errno);
-    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
-}
-
-JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetprocnetwork(
-        JNIEnv* env, jclass class, jlong nethandle) {
-    UNUSED(env);
-    UNUSED(class);
-    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
-
-    errno = 0;
-    int rval = android_setprocnetwork(handle);
-    const int saved_errno = errno;
-    ALOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ") returned rval=%d errno=%d",
-          handle, rval, saved_errno);
-    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
-}
-
-JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetsocknetwork(
-        JNIEnv* env, jclass class, jlong nethandle) {
-    UNUSED(env);
-    UNUSED(class);
-    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
-
-    errno = 0;
-    int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        ALOGD("socket() failed, errno=%d", errno);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    errno = 0;
-    int rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
-    const int saved_errno = errno;
-    ALOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
-          handle, fd, rval, saved_errno);
-    close(fd);
-    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
-}
-
-// Use sizeof("x") - 1 because we need a compile-time constant, and strlen("x")
-// isn't guaranteed to fold to a constant.
-static const int kSockaddrStrLen = INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + sizeof("[]:65535") - 1;
-
-void sockaddr_ntop(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *dst, const size_t size) {
-    char addrstr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
-    char portstr[sizeof("65535")];
-    char buf[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
-
-    int ret = getnameinfo(sa, salen,
-                          addrstr, sizeof(addrstr),
-                          portstr, sizeof(portstr),
-                          NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
-    if (ret == 0) {
-        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
-                 (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6) ? "[%s]:%s" : "%s:%s",
-                 addrstr, portstr);
-    } else {
-        sprintf(buf, "???");
-    }
-
-    strlcpy(dst, buf, size);
-}
-
-JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runDatagramCheck(
-        JNIEnv* env, jclass class, jlong nethandle) {
-    UNUSED(env);
-    UNUSED(class);
-    const struct addrinfo kHints = {
-        .ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG,
-        .ai_family = AF_UNSPEC,
-        .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM,
-        .ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP,
-    };
-    struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
-    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
-
-    static const char kPort[] = "443";
-    int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, kPort, &kHints, &res);
-    if (rval != 0) {
-        ALOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%llu, %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
-              handle, kHostname, rval, errno);
-        freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    // Rely upon getaddrinfo sorting the best destination to the front.
-    int fd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        ALOGD("socket(%d, %d, %d) failed, errno=%d",
-              res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol, errno);
-        freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
-    ALOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%llu, %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
-          handle, fd, rval, errno);
-    if (rval != 0) {
-        close(fd);
-        freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    char addrstr[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
-    sockaddr_ntop(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
-    ALOGD("Attempting connect() to %s ...", addrstr);
-
-    rval = connect(fd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
-    if (rval != 0) {
-        close(fd);
-        freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-    freeaddrinfo(res);
-
-    struct sockaddr_storage src_addr;
-    socklen_t src_addrlen = sizeof(src_addr);
-    if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, &src_addrlen) != 0) {
-        close(fd);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-    sockaddr_ntop((const struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
-    ALOGD("... from %s", addrstr);
-
-    // Don't let reads or writes block indefinitely.
-    const struct timeval timeo = { 2, 0 };  // 2 seconds
-    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
-    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
-
-    // For reference see:
-    //     https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tsvwg-quic-protocol#section-6.1
-    uint8_t quic_packet[1200] = {
-        0x0d,                    // public flags:
-                                 //   - version present (0x01),
-                                 //   - 64bit connection ID (0x0c),
-                                 //   - 1 byte packet number (0x00)
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 64bit connection ID
-        0xaa, 0xda, 0xca, 0xaa,  // reserved-space version number
-        1,                       // 1 byte packet number
-        0x00,                    // private flags
-        0x07,                    // PING frame (cuz why not)
-    };
-
-    arc4random_buf(quic_packet + 1, 8);  // random connection ID
-
-    uint8_t response[1500];
-    ssize_t sent, rcvd;
-    static const int MAX_RETRIES = 5;
-    int i, errnum = 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
-        sent = send(fd, quic_packet, sizeof(quic_packet), 0);
-        if (sent < (ssize_t)sizeof(quic_packet)) {
-            errnum = errno;
-            ALOGD("send(QUIC packet) returned sent=%zd, errno=%d", sent, errnum);
-            close(fd);
-            return -errnum;
-        }
-
-        rcvd = recv(fd, response, sizeof(response), 0);
-        if (rcvd > 0) {
-            break;
-        } else {
-            errnum = errno;
-            ALOGD("[%d/%d] recv(QUIC response) returned rcvd=%zd, errno=%d",
-                  i + 1, MAX_RETRIES, rcvd, errnum);
-        }
-    }
-    if (rcvd < 9) {
-        ALOGD("QUIC UDP %s: sent=%zd but rcvd=%zd, errno=%d", kPort, sent, rcvd, errnum);
-        if (rcvd <= 0) {
-            ALOGD("Does this network block UDP port %s?", kPort);
-        }
-        close(fd);
-        return -EPROTO;
-    }
-
-    int conn_id_cmp = memcmp(quic_packet + 1, response + 1, 8);
-    if (conn_id_cmp != 0) {
-        ALOGD("sent and received connection IDs do not match");
-        close(fd);
-        return -EPROTO;
-    }
-
-    // TODO: Replace this quick 'n' dirty test with proper QUIC-capable code.
-
-    close(fd);
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bd3013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+#define LOG_TAG "MultinetworkApiTest"
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <poll.h> /* poll */
+#include <resolv.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android/multinetwork.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+
+#define EXPECT_GE(env, actual, expected, msg)                        \
+    do {                                                             \
+        if (actual < expected) {                                     \
+            jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
+                    "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GE: expected %d, got %d",      \
+                    __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
+        }                                                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_GT(env, actual, expected, msg)                        \
+    do {                                                             \
+        if (actual <= expected) {                                    \
+            jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
+                    "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GT: expected %d, got %d",      \
+                    __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
+        }                                                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ(env, expected, actual, msg)                        \
+    do {                                                             \
+        if (actual != expected) {                                    \
+            jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
+                    "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_EQ: expected %d, got %d",      \
+                    __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
+        }                                                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+static const int MAXPACKET = 8 * 1024;
+static const int TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
+static const char kHostname[] = "connectivitycheck.android.com";
+static const char kNxDomainName[] = "test1-nx.metric.gstatic.com";
+static const char kGoogleName[] = "www.google.com";
+
+int makeQuery(const char* name, int qtype, uint8_t* buf, size_t buflen) {
+    return res_mkquery(ns_o_query, name, ns_c_in, qtype, NULL, 0, NULL, buf, buflen);
+}
+
+int getAsyncResponse(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int timeoutMs, int* rcode, uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen) {
+    struct pollfd wait_fd = { .fd = fd, .events = POLLIN };
+
+    poll(&wait_fd, 1, timeoutMs);
+    if (wait_fd.revents & POLLIN) {
+        int n = android_res_nresult(fd, rcode, buf, bufLen);
+        // Verify that android_res_nresult() closed the fd
+        char dummy;
+        EXPECT_EQ(env, -1, read(fd, &dummy, sizeof(dummy)), "res_nresult check for closing fd");
+        EXPECT_EQ(env, EBADF, errno, "res_nresult check for errno");
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    return -ETIMEDOUT;
+}
+
+int extractIpAddressAnswers(uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen, int family) {
+    ns_msg handle;
+    if (ns_initparse((const uint8_t*) buf, bufLen, &handle) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    const int ancount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
+    // Answer count = 0 is valid(e.g. response of query with root)
+    if (!ancount) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    ns_rr rr;
+    bool hasValidAns = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ancount; i++) {
+        if (ns_parserr(&handle, ns_s_an, i, &rr) < 0) {
+            // If there is no valid answer, test will fail.
+            continue;
+        }
+        const uint8_t* rdata = ns_rr_rdata(rr);
+        char buffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+        if (inet_ntop(family, (const char*) rdata, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL) {
+            return -errno;
+        }
+        hasValidAns = true;
+    }
+    return hasValidAns ? 0 : -EBADMSG;
+}
+
+int expectAnswersValid(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int family, int expectedRcode) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(env, fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, expectedRcode, rcode, "rcode is not expected");
+
+    if (expectedRcode == ns_r_noerror && res > 0) {
+        return extractIpAddressAnswers(buf, res, family);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int expectAnswersNotValid(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int expectedErrno) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(env, fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    if (res != expectedErrno) {
+        ALOGD("res:%d, expectedErrno = %d", res, expectedErrno);
+        return (res > 0) ? -EREMOTEIO : res;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNqueryCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    // V4
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kHostname, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nquery");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v4 res_nquery check answers");
+
+    // V4 NXDOMAIN
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kNxDomainName, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nquery NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v4 res_nquery NXDOMAIN check answers");
+
+    // V6
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kHostname, ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nquery");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v6 res_nquery check answers");
+
+    // V6 NXDOMAIN
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kNxDomainName, ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nquery NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v6 res_nquery NXDOMAIN check answers");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNsendCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+    // V4
+    uint8_t buf1[MAXPACKET] = {};
+
+    int len1 = makeQuery(kGoogleName, ns_t_a, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v4 res_mkquery 1st");
+
+    uint8_t buf2[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len2 = makeQuery(kHostname, ns_t_a, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len2, 0, "v4 res_mkquery 2nd");
+
+    int fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v4 res_nsend 1st");
+    int fd2 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd2, 0, "v4 res_nsend 2nd");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v4 res_nsend 2nd check answers");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v4 res_nsend 1st check answers");
+
+    // V4 NXDOMAIN
+    memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
+    len1 = makeQuery(kNxDomainName, ns_t_a, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v4 res_mkquery NXDOMAIN");
+    fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v4 res_nsend NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v4 res_nsend NXDOMAIN check answers");
+
+    // V6
+    memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
+    memset(buf2, 0, sizeof(buf2));
+    len1 = makeQuery(kGoogleName, ns_t_aaaa, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v6 res_mkquery 1st");
+    len2 = makeQuery(kHostname, ns_t_aaaa, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len2, 0, "v6 res_mkquery 2nd");
+
+    fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v6 res_nsend 1st");
+    fd2 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd2, 0, "v6 res_nsend 2nd");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v6 res_nsend 2nd check answers");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v6 res_nsend 1st check answers");
+
+    // V6 NXDOMAIN
+    memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
+    len1 = makeQuery(kNxDomainName, ns_t_aaaa, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v6 res_mkquery NXDOMAIN");
+    fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v6 res_nsend NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v6 res_nsend NXDOMAIN check answers");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNcancelCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kGoogleName, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    errno = 0;
+    android_res_cancel(fd);
+    int err = errno;
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, err, "res_cancel");
+    // DO NOT call cancel or result with the same fd more than once,
+    // otherwise it will hit fdsan double-close fd.
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNapiMalformedCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    // It is the equivalent of "dig . a", Query with an empty name.
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, "", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nquery root");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "res_nquery root check answers");
+
+    // Label limit 63
+    std::string exceedingLabelQuery = "www." + std::string(70, 'g') + ".com";
+    // Name limit 255
+    std::string exceedingDomainQuery = "www." + std::string(255, 'g') + ".com";
+
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, exceedingLabelQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nquery exceedingLabelQuery");
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, exceedingDomainQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nquery exceedingDomainQuery");
+
+    uint8_t buf[10] = {};
+    // empty BLOB
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, buf, 10, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend empty BLOB");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
+            "res_nsend empty BLOB check answers");
+
+    uint8_t largeBuf[2 * MAXPACKET] = {};
+    // A buffer larger than 8KB
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, sizeof(largeBuf), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend buffer larger than 8KB");
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0. This returns EMSGSIZE because FrameworkListener limits the size of
+    // commands to 4096 bytes.
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, 5000, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend 5000 bytes filled with 0");
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, 500, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
+            "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0 check answers");
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    uint8_t ffBuf[5001] = {};
+    memset(ffBuf, 0xFF, sizeof(ffBuf));
+    ffBuf[5000] = '\0';
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, ffBuf, sizeof(ffBuf), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF");
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    ffBuf[500] = '\0';
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, ffBuf, 501, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0xFF");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
+            "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0xFF check answers");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runGetaddrinfoCheck(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+    struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, NULL, NULL, &res);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+
+    ALOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, kHostname, rval, saved_errno);
+    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetprocnetwork(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int rval = android_setprocnetwork(handle);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    ALOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ") returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, rval, saved_errno);
+    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetsocknetwork(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        ALOGD("socket() failed, errno=%d", errno);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    ALOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, fd, rval, saved_errno);
+    close(fd);
+    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
+}
+
+// Use sizeof("x") - 1 because we need a compile-time constant, and strlen("x")
+// isn't guaranteed to fold to a constant.
+static const int kSockaddrStrLen = INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + sizeof("[]:65535") - 1;
+
+void sockaddr_ntop(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *dst, const size_t size) {
+    char addrstr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+    char portstr[sizeof("65535")];
+    char buf[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
+
+    int ret = getnameinfo(sa, salen,
+                          addrstr, sizeof(addrstr),
+                          portstr, sizeof(portstr),
+                          NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                 (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6) ? "[%s]:%s" : "%s:%s",
+                 addrstr, portstr);
+    } else {
+        sprintf(buf, "???");
+    }
+
+    strlcpy(dst, buf, size);
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runDatagramCheck(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    const struct addrinfo kHints = {
+        .ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        .ai_family = AF_UNSPEC,
+        .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM,
+        .ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP,
+    };
+    struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    static const char kPort[] = "443";
+    int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, kPort, &kHints, &res);
+    if (rval != 0) {
+        ALOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%llu, %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+              handle, kHostname, rval, errno);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    // Rely upon getaddrinfo sorting the best destination to the front.
+    int fd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        ALOGD("socket(%d, %d, %d) failed, errno=%d",
+              res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol, errno);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
+    ALOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%llu, %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, fd, rval, errno);
+    if (rval != 0) {
+        close(fd);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    char addrstr[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
+    sockaddr_ntop(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
+    ALOGD("Attempting connect() to %s ...", addrstr);
+
+    rval = connect(fd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
+    if (rval != 0) {
+        close(fd);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+
+    struct sockaddr_storage src_addr;
+    socklen_t src_addrlen = sizeof(src_addr);
+    if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, &src_addrlen) != 0) {
+        close(fd);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    sockaddr_ntop((const struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
+    ALOGD("... from %s", addrstr);
+
+    // Don't let reads or writes block indefinitely.
+    const struct timeval timeo = { 2, 0 };  // 2 seconds
+    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
+    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
+
+    // For reference see:
+    //     https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tsvwg-quic-protocol#section-6.1
+    uint8_t quic_packet[1200] = {
+        0x0d,                    // public flags:
+                                 //   - version present (0x01),
+                                 //   - 64bit connection ID (0x0c),
+                                 //   - 1 byte packet number (0x00)
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 64bit connection ID
+        0xaa, 0xda, 0xca, 0xaa,  // reserved-space version number
+        1,                       // 1 byte packet number
+        0x00,                    // private flags
+        0x07,                    // PING frame (cuz why not)
+    };
+
+    arc4random_buf(quic_packet + 1, 8);  // random connection ID
+
+    uint8_t response[1500];
+    ssize_t sent, rcvd;
+    static const int MAX_RETRIES = 5;
+    int i, errnum = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
+        sent = send(fd, quic_packet, sizeof(quic_packet), 0);
+        if (sent < (ssize_t)sizeof(quic_packet)) {
+            errnum = errno;
+            ALOGD("send(QUIC packet) returned sent=%zd, errno=%d", sent, errnum);
+            close(fd);
+            return -errnum;
+        }
+
+        rcvd = recv(fd, response, sizeof(response), 0);
+        if (rcvd > 0) {
+            break;
+        } else {
+            errnum = errno;
+            ALOGD("[%d/%d] recv(QUIC response) returned rcvd=%zd, errno=%d",
+                  i + 1, MAX_RETRIES, rcvd, errnum);
+        }
+    }
+    if (rcvd < 9) {
+        ALOGD("QUIC UDP %s: sent=%zd but rcvd=%zd, errno=%d", kPort, sent, rcvd, errnum);
+        if (rcvd <= 0) {
+            ALOGD("Does this network block UDP port %s?", kPort);
+        }
+        close(fd);
+        return -EPROTO;
+    }
+
+    int conn_id_cmp = memcmp(quic_packet + 1, response + 1, 8);
+    if (conn_id_cmp != 0) {
+        ALOGD("sent and received connection IDs do not match");
+        close(fd);
+        return -EPROTO;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Replace this quick 'n' dirty test with proper QUIC-capable code.
+
+    close(fd);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/Android.mk b/tests/cts/net/native/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index b798d87..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-include $(call all-subdir-makefiles)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fbc3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "dns_async_defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-fstack-protector-all",
+        "-g",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wnullable-to-nonnull-conversion",
+        "-Wsign-compare",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+        "-Wunused-parameter",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases",
+    defaults: ["dns_async_defaults"],
+    multilib: {
+        lib32: {
+            suffix: "32",
+        },
+        lib64: {
+            suffix: "64",
+        },
+    },
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+    ],
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe88cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS Native Network dns test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="multi_abi" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.FilePusher">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases->/data/local/tmp/CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases" />
+        <option name="append-bitness" value="true" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="module-name" value="CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases" />
+        <option name="runtime-hint" value="1m" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e501475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <error.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <poll.h> /* poll */
+#include <resolv.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include <android/multinetwork.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace {
+constexpr int MAXPACKET = 8 * 1024;
+constexpr int PTON_MAX = 16;
+constexpr int TIMEOUT_MS = 10000;
+
+int getAsyncResponse(int fd, int timeoutMs, int* rcode, uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen) {
+    struct pollfd wait_fd[1];
+    wait_fd[0].fd = fd;
+    wait_fd[0].events = POLLIN;
+    short revents;
+    int ret;
+    ret = poll(wait_fd, 1, timeoutMs);
+    revents = wait_fd[0].revents;
+    if (revents & POLLIN) {
+        int n = android_res_nresult(fd, rcode, buf, bufLen);
+        // Verify that android_res_nresult() closed the fd
+        char dummy;
+        EXPECT_EQ(-1, read(fd, &dummy, sizeof dummy));
+        EXPECT_EQ(EBADF, errno);
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> extractIpAddressAnswers(uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen, int ipType) {
+    ns_msg handle;
+    if (ns_initparse((const uint8_t*) buf, bufLen, &handle) < 0) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    const int ancount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
+    ns_rr rr;
+    std::vector<std::string> answers;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ancount; i++) {
+        if (ns_parserr(&handle, ns_s_an, i, &rr) < 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const uint8_t* rdata = ns_rr_rdata(rr);
+        char buffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+        if (inet_ntop(ipType, (const char*) rdata, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) {
+            answers.push_back(buffer);
+        }
+    }
+    return answers;
+}
+
+void expectAnswersValid(int fd, int ipType, int expectedRcode) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    EXPECT_GE(res, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rcode, expectedRcode);
+
+    if (expectedRcode == ns_r_noerror) {
+        auto answers = extractIpAddressAnswers(buf, res, ipType);
+        EXPECT_GE(answers.size(), 0U);
+        for (auto &answer : answers) {
+            char pton[PTON_MAX];
+            EXPECT_EQ(1, inet_pton(ipType, answer.c_str(), pton));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void expectAnswersNotValid(int fd, int expectedErrno) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expectedErrno, res);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Query) {
+    // V4
+    int fd1 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.google.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    int fd2 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.youtube.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+
+    // V6
+    fd1 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.google.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    fd2 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.youtube.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Send) {
+    // V4
+    uint8_t buf1[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len1 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "www.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(len1, 0);
+
+    uint8_t buf2[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len2 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "play.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(len2, 0);
+
+    int fd1 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    int fd2 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+
+    // V6
+    memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
+    memset(buf2, 0, sizeof(buf2));
+    len1 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "www.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(len1, 0);
+    len2 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "play.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(len2, 0);
+
+    fd1 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    fd2 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_NXDOMAIN) {
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "test1-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_GT(len, 0);
+    int fd1 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+
+    len = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "test2-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_GT(len, 0);
+    int fd2 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain);
+
+    fd1 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "test3-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    fd2 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "test4-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Cancel) {
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.google.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    errno = 0;
+    android_res_cancel(fd);
+    int err = errno;
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, 0);
+    // DO NOT call cancel or result with the same fd more than once,
+    // otherwise it will hit fdsan double-close fd.
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Query_MALFORMED) {
+    // Empty string to create BLOB and query, we will get empty result and rcode = 0
+    // on DNSTLS.
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+
+    std::string exceedingLabelQuery = "www." + std::string(70, 'g') + ".com";
+    std::string exceedingDomainQuery = "www." + std::string(255, 'g') + ".com";
+
+    fd = android_res_nquery(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED,
+            exceedingLabelQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+    fd = android_res_nquery(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED,
+            exceedingDomainQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Send_MALFORMED) {
+    uint8_t buf[10] = {};
+    // empty BLOB
+    int fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf, 10, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersNotValid(fd, -EINVAL);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> largeBuf(2 * MAXPACKET, 0);
+    // A buffer larger than 8KB
+    fd = android_res_nsend(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, largeBuf.data(), largeBuf.size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0. This returns EMSGSIZE because FrameworkListener limits the size of
+    // commands to 4096 bytes.
+    fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, largeBuf.data(), 5000, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0
+    fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, largeBuf.data(), 500, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersNotValid(fd, -EINVAL);
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    std::vector<uint8_t> ffBuf(5000, 0xFF);
+    fd = android_res_nsend(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, ffBuf.data(), ffBuf.size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, ffBuf.data(), 500, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersNotValid(fd, -EINVAL);
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0f0613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Build the unit tests.
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "CtsNativeNetTestCases",
+
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    multilib: {
+        lib32: {
+            suffix: "32",
+        },
+        lib64: {
+            suffix: "64",
+        },
+    },
+
+    srcs: ["src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libutils",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgtest",
+        "libqtaguid",
+    ],
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wall",
+    ],
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.mk b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index bf89e5f..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Build the unit tests.
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := CtsNativeNetTestCases
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/nativetest
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_32 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)32
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_64 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)64
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-    src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libutils \
-    liblog \
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
-    libgtest \
-    libqtaguid \
-
-LOCAL_CTS_TEST_PACKAGE := android.net.native
-# Tag this module as a cts test artifact
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror -Wall
-
-include $(BUILD_CTS_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/AndroidTest.xml
index 7591c87..a55afe7 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 <configuration description="Config for CTS Native Network xt_qtaguid test cases">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="multi_abi" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.FilePusher">
         <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
         <option name="push" value="CtsNativeNetTestCases->/data/local/tmp/CtsNativeNetTestCases" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp
index 1892a44..7dc6240 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp
@@ -18,36 +18,29 @@
 #include <error.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/utsname.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <qtaguid/qtaguid.h>
 
-int hasQtaguidKernelSupport() {
-    struct utsname buf;
-    int kernel_version_major;
-    int kernel_version_minor;
-
-    int ret = uname(&buf);
-    if (ret) {
-        ret = -errno;
-        return ret;
-    }
-    char dummy;
-    ret = sscanf(buf.release, "%d.%d%c", &kernel_version_major, &kernel_version_minor, &dummy);
-    if (ret < 3)
-        return -EINVAL;
-
-    if ((kernel_version_major == 4 && kernel_version_minor < 9) ||
-        (kernel_version_major < 4)) {
-        return 1;
-    } else {
-        return access("/proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl", F_OK) != -1;
-    }
+int canAccessQtaguidFile() {
+    int fd = open("/proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+    close(fd);
+    return fd != -1;
 }
 
+#define SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED()                                                       \
+  do {                                                                                        \
+    int res = canAccessQtaguidFile();                                                      \
+    ASSERT_LE(0, res);                                                                        \
+    if (!res) {                                                                               \
+          GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped since kernel may not have the module\n";  \
+          return;                                                                             \
+    }                                                                                         \
+  } while (0)
+
 int getCtrlSkInfo(int tag, uid_t uid, uint64_t* sk_addr, int* ref_cnt) {
     FILE *fp;
     fp = fopen("/proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl", "r");
@@ -95,12 +88,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST (NativeQtaguidTest, close_socket_without_untag) {
-    int res = hasQtaguidKernelSupport();
-    ASSERT_LE(0, res);
-    if (!res) {
-          GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped since kernel may not have the module\n";
-          return;
-    }
+    SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED();
+
     int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     uid_t uid = getuid();
     int tag = arc4random();
@@ -114,12 +103,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST (NativeQtaguidTest, close_socket_without_untag_ipv6) {
-    int res = hasQtaguidKernelSupport();
-    ASSERT_LE(0, res);
-    if (!res) {
-          GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped since kernel may not have the module\n";
-          return;
-    }
+    SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED();
+
     int sockfd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     uid_t uid = getuid();
     int tag = arc4random();
@@ -133,12 +118,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST (NativeQtaguidTest, no_socket_addr_leak) {
-    int res = hasQtaguidKernelSupport();
-    ASSERT_LE(0, res);
-    if (!res) {
-          GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped since kernel may not have the module\n";
-          return;
-    }
+  SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED();
+
   checkNoSocketPointerLeaks(AF_INET);
   checkNoSocketPointerLeaks(AF_INET6);
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/AirplaneModeTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/AirplaneModeTest.java
index 0a3146c..524e549 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/AirplaneModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/AirplaneModeTest.java
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@
 
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import java.lang.Thread;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
 public class AirplaneModeTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private static final String TAG = "AirplaneModeTest";
     private static final String FEATURE_BLUETOOTH = "android.hardware.bluetooth";
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 810b5df..ca1f771 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -21,23 +21,34 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.ConnectivityActionReceiver;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.HTTP_PORT;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TEST_HOST;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNSPEC;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.app.Instrumentation;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
-import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
@@ -46,31 +57,34 @@
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.net.util.KeepaliveUtils;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.MessageQueue;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.provider.Settings;
-import android.system.Os;
-import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
-import com.android.internal.R;
-import com.android.internal.telephony.PhoneConstants;
-
 import libcore.io.Streams;
 
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@@ -78,12 +92,14 @@
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Scanner;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
@@ -91,46 +107,33 @@
 
     private static final String TAG = ConnectivityManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
 
-    private static final String FEATURE_ENABLE_HIPRI = "enableHIPRI";
-
     public static final int TYPE_MOBILE = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
     public static final int TYPE_WIFI = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
 
     private static final int HOST_ADDRESS = 0x7f000001;// represent ip 127.0.0.1
-    private static final String TEST_HOST = "connectivitycheck.gstatic.com";
-    private static final int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
-    private static final int SEND_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT = 30000;
+    private static final int CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+    private static final int KEEPALIVE_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+    private static final int KEEPALIVE_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final int INTERVAL_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_MS = 500;
+    private static final int MAX_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_COUNT = 3;
+    private static final int MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL = 10;
     private static final int NETWORK_CHANGE_METEREDNESS_TIMEOUT = 5000;
     private static final int NUM_TRIES_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK = 20;
     private static final long INTERVAL_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK_MS = 500;
-    private static final int HTTP_PORT = 80;
-    private static final String HTTP_REQUEST =
-            "GET /generate_204 HTTP/1.0\r\n" +
-            "Host: " + TEST_HOST + "\r\n" +
-            "Connection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n";
-
-    // Base path for IPv6 sysctls
-    private static final String IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR = "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf";
-
-    // Expected values for MIN|MAX_PLEN.
-    private static final int IPV6_WIFI_ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN = 48;
-    private static final int IPV6_WIFI_ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN = 64;
-
-    // Expected values for RFC 7559 router soliciations.
-    // Maximum number of router solicitations to send. -1 means no limit.
-    private static final int IPV6_WIFI_ROUTER_SOLICITATIONS = -1;
-
-    // Action sent to ConnectivityActionReceiver when a network callback is sent via PendingIntent.
-    private static final String NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION =
-            "ConnectivityManagerTest.NetworkCallbackAction";
-
-    // Intent string to get the number of wifi CONNECTIVITY_ACTION callbacks the test app has seen
-    public static final String GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT =
-            "android.net.cts.appForApi23.getWifiConnectivityActionCount";
-
     // device could have only one interface: data, wifi.
     private static final int MIN_NUM_NETWORK_TYPES = 1;
 
+    // Minimum supported keepalive counts for wifi and cellular.
+    public static final int MIN_SUPPORTED_CELLULAR_KEEPALIVE_COUNT = 1;
+    public static final int MIN_SUPPORTED_WIFI_KEEPALIVE_COUNT = 3;
+
+    private static final String NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RES_NAME =
+            "config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference";
+    private static final String KEEPALIVE_ALLOWED_UNPRIVILEGED_RES_NAME =
+            "config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid";
+    private static final String KEEPALIVE_RESERVED_PER_SLOT_RES_NAME =
+            "config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots";
+
     private Context mContext;
     private Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
     private ConnectivityManager mCm;
@@ -139,8 +142,9 @@
     private final HashMap<Integer, NetworkConfig> mNetworks =
             new HashMap<Integer, NetworkConfig>();
     boolean mWifiConnectAttempted;
-    private TestNetworkCallback mCellNetworkCallback;
-
+    private UiAutomation mUiAutomation;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private boolean mShellPermissionIdentityAdopted;
 
     @Override
     protected void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -151,6 +155,7 @@
         mCm = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
         mWifiManager = (WifiManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
         mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
         mWifiConnectAttempted = false;
 
         // Get com.android.internal.R.array.networkAttributes
@@ -167,17 +172,20 @@
                 mNetworks.put(n.type, n);
             } catch (Exception e) {}
         }
+        mUiAutomation = mInstrumentation.getUiAutomation();
+        mShellPermissionIdentityAdopted = false;
     }
 
     @Override
     protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
         // Return WiFi to its original disabled state after tests that explicitly connect.
         if (mWifiConnectAttempted) {
-            disconnectFromWifi(null);
+            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromWifi(null);
         }
-        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
-            disconnectFromCell();
+        if (mCtsNetUtils.cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromCell();
         }
+        dropShellPermissionIdentity();
         super.tearDown();
     }
 
@@ -188,10 +196,10 @@
      */
     private Network ensureWifiConnected() {
         if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
-            return getWifiNetwork();
+            return mCtsNetUtils.getWifiNetwork();
         }
         mWifiConnectAttempted = true;
-        return connectToWifi();
+        return mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
     }
 
     public void testIsNetworkTypeValid() {
@@ -289,6 +297,7 @@
      * Tests that connections can be opened on WiFi and cellphone networks,
      * and that they are made from different IP addresses.
      */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     public void testOpenConnection() throws Exception {
         boolean canRunTest = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
                 && mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
@@ -298,8 +307,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        Network wifiNetwork = connectToWifi();
-        Network cellNetwork = connectToCell();
+        Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
+        Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
         // This server returns the requestor's IP address as the response body.
         URL url = new URL("http://google-ipv6test.appspot.com/ip.js?fmt=text");
         String wifiAddressString = httpGet(wifiNetwork, url);
@@ -317,33 +326,6 @@
         assertFalse("Unexpectedly equal: " + wifiNetwork, wifiNetwork.equals(cellNetwork));
     }
 
-    private Network connectToCell() throws InterruptedException {
-        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Already connected");
-        }
-        NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-                .build();
-        mCellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, mCellNetworkCallback);
-        final Network cellNetwork = mCellNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
-        assertNotNull("Cell network not available within timeout", cellNetwork);
-        return cellNetwork;
-    }
-
-    private boolean cellConnectAttempted() {
-        return mCellNetworkCallback != null;
-    }
-
-    private void disconnectFromCell() {
-        if (!cellConnectAttempted()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Cell connection not attempted");
-        }
-        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mCellNetworkCallback);
-        mCellNetworkCallback = null;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Performs a HTTP GET to the specified URL on the specified Network, and returns
      * the response body decoded as UTF-8.
@@ -399,9 +381,6 @@
 
         final String invalidateFeature = "invalidateFeature";
         final String mmsFeature = "enableMMS";
-        final int failureCode = -1;
-        final int wifiOnlyStartFailureCode = PhoneConstants.APN_REQUEST_FAILED;
-        final int wifiOnlyStopFailureCode = -1;
 
         assertStartUsingNetworkFeatureUnsupported(TYPE_MOBILE, invalidateFeature);
         assertStopUsingNetworkFeatureUnsupported(TYPE_MOBILE, invalidateFeature);
@@ -451,6 +430,7 @@
      * WiFi. We could add a version that uses the telephony data connection but it's not clear
      * that it would increase test coverage by much (how many devices have 3G radio but not Wifi?).
      */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     public void testRegisterNetworkCallback() {
         if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testRegisterNetworkCallback cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
@@ -491,6 +471,7 @@
      * {@link #testRegisterNetworkCallback} except that a {@code PendingIntent} is used instead
      * of a {@code NetworkCallback}.
      */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     public void testRegisterNetworkCallback_withPendingIntent() {
         if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testRegisterNetworkCallback cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
@@ -503,7 +484,7 @@
         filter.addAction(NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION);
 
         ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
-                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED);
+                mCm, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED);
         mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
 
         // Create a broadcast PendingIntent for NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION.
@@ -535,6 +516,7 @@
      * Exercises the requestNetwork with NetworkCallback API. This checks to
      * see if we get a callback for an INTERNET request.
      */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
     public void testRequestNetworkCallback() {
         final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -557,10 +539,11 @@
      * Exercises the requestNetwork with NetworkCallback API with timeout - expected to
      * fail. Use WIFI and switch Wi-Fi off.
      */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     public void testRequestNetworkCallback_onUnavailable() {
         final boolean previousWifiEnabledState = mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
         if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
-            disconnectFromWifi(null);
+            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromWifi(null);
         }
 
         final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -577,323 +560,23 @@
         } finally {
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
             if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
-                connectToWifi();
+                mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
             }
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Tests reporting of connectivity changed.
-     */
-    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent() {
-        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
-            return;
-        }
-        ConnectivityReceiver.prepare();
-
-        toggleWifi();
-
-        // The connectivity broadcast has been sent; push through a terminal broadcast
-        // to wait for in the receive to confirm it didn't see the connectivity change.
-        Intent finalIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityReceiver.FINAL_ACTION);
-        finalIntent.setClass(mContext, ConnectivityReceiver.class);
-        mContext.sendBroadcast(finalIntent);
-        assertFalse(ConnectivityReceiver.waitForBroadcast());
-    }
-
-    public void testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent() {
-        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
-            return;
-        }
-        ConnectivityReceiver.prepare();
-        ConnectivityReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityReceiver();
-        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
-        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
-        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
-
-        toggleWifi();
-        Intent finalIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityReceiver.FINAL_ACTION);
-        finalIntent.setClass(mContext, ConnectivityReceiver.class);
-        mContext.sendBroadcast(finalIntent);
-
-        assertTrue(ConnectivityReceiver.waitForBroadcast());
-    }
-
-    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent()
-            throws InterruptedException {
-        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
-            return;
-        }
-        mContext.startActivity(new Intent()
-                .setComponent(new ComponentName("android.net.cts.appForApi23",
-                        "android.net.cts.appForApi23.ConnectivityListeningActivity"))
-                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK));
-        Thread.sleep(200);
-
-        toggleWifi();
-
-        Intent getConnectivityCount = new Intent(GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT);
-        assertEquals(2, sendOrderedBroadcastAndReturnResultCode(
-                getConnectivityCount, SEND_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT));
-    }
-
-    private int sendOrderedBroadcastAndReturnResultCode(
-            Intent intent, int timeoutMs) throws InterruptedException {
-        final LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> result = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1);
-        mContext.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null, new BroadcastReceiver() {
-            @Override
-            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-                result.offer(getResultCode());
-            }
-        }, null, 0, null, null);
-
-        Integer resultCode = result.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-        assertNotNull("Timed out (more than " + timeoutMs +
-                " milliseconds) waiting for result code for broadcast", resultCode);
-        return resultCode;
-    }
-
-    // Toggle WiFi twice, leaving it in the state it started in
-    private void toggleWifi() {
-        if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
-            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
-            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
-            connectToWifi();
-        } else {
-            connectToWifi();
-            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
-            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Enable WiFi and wait for it to become connected to a network. */
-    private Network connectToWifi() {
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
-        Network wifiNetwork = null;
-
-        ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
-                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED);
-        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
-        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
-        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
-
-        boolean connected = false;
-        try {
-            assertTrue(mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true));
-            // Ensure we get both an onAvailable callback and a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
-            wifiNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
-            assertNotNull(wifiNetwork);
-            connected = receiver.waitForState();
-        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
-            fail("connectToWifi was interrupted");
-        } finally {
-            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
-            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
-        }
-
-        assertTrue("Wifi must be configured to connect to an access point for this test.",
-                connected);
-        return wifiNetwork;
-    }
-
-    private Socket getBoundSocket(Network network, String host, int port) throws IOException {
-        InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
-        Socket s = network.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
-        try {
-            s.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
-            s.connect(addr, SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            s.close();
-            throw e;
-        }
-        return s;
-    }
-
-    private void testHttpRequest(Socket s) throws IOException {
-        OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
-        InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
-
-        final byte[] requestBytes = HTTP_REQUEST.getBytes("UTF-8");
-        byte[] responseBytes = new byte[4096];
-        out.write(requestBytes);
-        in.read(responseBytes);
-        assertTrue(new String(responseBytes, "UTF-8").startsWith("HTTP/1.0 204 No Content\r\n"));
-    }
-
-    /** Disable WiFi and wait for it to become disconnected from the network. */
-    private void disconnectFromWifi(Network wifiNetworkToCheck) {
-        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
-        Network lostWifiNetwork = null;
-
-        ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
-                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED);
-        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
-        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
-        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
-
-        // Assert that we can establish a TCP connection on wifi.
-        Socket wifiBoundSocket = null;
-        if (wifiNetworkToCheck != null) {
-            try {
-                wifiBoundSocket = getBoundSocket(wifiNetworkToCheck, TEST_HOST, HTTP_PORT);
-                testHttpRequest(wifiBoundSocket);
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                fail("HTTP request before wifi disconnected failed with: " + e);
+    private InetAddress getFirstV4Address(Network network) {
+        LinkProperties linkProperties = mCm.getLinkProperties(network);
+        for (InetAddress address : linkProperties.getAddresses()) {
+            if (address instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                return address;
             }
         }
-
-        boolean disconnected = false;
-        try {
-            assertTrue(mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(false));
-            // Ensure we get both an onLost callback and a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
-            lostWifiNetwork = callback.waitForLost();
-            assertNotNull(lostWifiNetwork);
-            disconnected = receiver.waitForState();
-        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
-            fail("disconnectFromWifi was interrupted");
-        } finally {
-            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
-            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
-        }
-
-        assertTrue("Wifi failed to reach DISCONNECTED state.", disconnected);
-
-        // Check that the socket is closed when wifi disconnects.
-        if (wifiBoundSocket != null) {
-            try {
-                testHttpRequest(wifiBoundSocket);
-                fail("HTTP request should not succeed after wifi disconnects");
-            } catch (IOException expected) {
-                assertEquals(Os.strerror(OsConstants.ECONNABORTED), expected.getMessage());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Receiver that captures the last connectivity change's network type and state. Recognizes
-     * both {@code CONNECTIVITY_ACTION} and {@code NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION} intents.
-     */
-    private class ConnectivityActionReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
-
-        private final CountDownLatch mReceiveLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-
-        private final int mNetworkType;
-        private final NetworkInfo.State mNetState;
-
-        ConnectivityActionReceiver(int networkType, NetworkInfo.State netState) {
-            mNetworkType = networkType;
-            mNetState = netState;
-        }
-
-        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-            String action = intent.getAction();
-            NetworkInfo networkInfo = null;
-
-            // When receiving ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION, the NetworkInfo parcelable
-            // is stored in EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO. With a NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION, the Network is
-            // sent in EXTRA_NETWORK and we need to ask the ConnectivityManager for the NetworkInfo.
-            if (ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.equals(action)) {
-                networkInfo = intent.getExtras()
-                        .getParcelable(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
-                assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver expected EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO", networkInfo);
-            } else if (NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION.equals(action)) {
-                Network network = intent.getExtras()
-                        .getParcelable(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK);
-                assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver expected EXTRA_NETWORK", network);
-                networkInfo = mCm.getNetworkInfo(network);
-                if (networkInfo == null) {
-                    // When disconnecting, it seems like we get an intent sent with an invalid
-                    // Network; that is, by the time we call ConnectivityManager.getNetworkInfo(),
-                    // it is invalid. Ignore these.
-                    Log.i(TAG, "ConnectivityActionReceiver NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION ignoring "
-                            + "invalid network");
-                    return;
-                }
-            } else {
-                fail("ConnectivityActionReceiver received unxpected intent action: " + action);
-            }
-
-            assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver didn't find NetworkInfo", networkInfo);
-            int networkType = networkInfo.getType();
-            State networkState = networkInfo.getState();
-            Log.i(TAG, "Network type: " + networkType + " state: " + networkState);
-            if (networkType == mNetworkType && networkInfo.getState() == mNetState) {
-                mReceiveLatch.countDown();
-            }
-        }
-
-        public boolean waitForState() throws InterruptedException {
-            return mReceiveLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Callback used in testRegisterNetworkCallback that allows caller to block on
-     * {@code onAvailable}.
-     */
-    private static class TestNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
-        private final CountDownLatch mAvailableLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        private final CountDownLatch mLostLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        private final CountDownLatch mUnavailableLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-
-        public Network currentNetwork;
-        public Network lastLostNetwork;
-
-        public Network waitForAvailable() throws InterruptedException {
-            return mAvailableLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS) ? currentNetwork : null;
-        }
-
-        public Network waitForLost() throws InterruptedException {
-            return mLostLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS) ? lastLostNetwork : null;
-        }
-
-        public boolean waitForUnavailable() throws InterruptedException {
-            return mUnavailableLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-        }
-
-
-        @Override
-        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
-            currentNetwork = network;
-            mAvailableLatch.countDown();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onLost(Network network) {
-            lastLostNetwork = network;
-            if (network.equals(currentNetwork)) {
-                currentNetwork = null;
-            }
-            mLostLatch.countDown();
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onUnavailable() {
-            mUnavailableLatch.countDown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private Network getWifiNetwork() {
-        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
-        Network network = null;
-        try {
-            network = callback.waitForAvailable();
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            fail("NetworkCallback wait was interrupted.");
-        } finally {
-            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
-        }
-        assertNotNull("Cannot find Network for wifi. Is wifi connected?", network);
-        return network;
+        return null;
     }
 
     /** Verify restricted networks cannot be requested. */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
     public void testRestrictedNetworks() {
         // Verify we can request unrestricted networks:
         NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -910,60 +593,6 @@
         } catch (SecurityException expected) {}
     }
 
-    private Scanner makeWifiSysctlScanner(String key) throws FileNotFoundException {
-        Network network = ensureWifiConnected();
-        String iface = mCm.getLinkProperties(network).getInterfaceName();
-        String path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + iface + "/" + key;
-        return new Scanner(new File(path));
-    }
-
-    /** Verify that accept_ra_rt_info_min_plen exists and is set to the expected value */
-    public void testAcceptRaRtInfoMinPlen() throws Exception {
-        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
-            return;
-        }
-        Scanner s = makeWifiSysctlScanner("accept_ra_rt_info_min_plen");
-        assertEquals(IPV6_WIFI_ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN, s.nextInt());
-    }
-
-    /** Verify that accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen exists and is set to the expected value */
-    public void testAcceptRaRtInfoMaxPlen() throws Exception {
-        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
-            return;
-        }
-        Scanner s = makeWifiSysctlScanner("accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen");
-        assertEquals(IPV6_WIFI_ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN, s.nextInt());
-    }
-
-    /** Verify that router_solicitations exists and is set to the expected value */
-    public void testRouterSolicitations() throws Exception {
-        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
-            return;
-        }
-        Scanner s = makeWifiSysctlScanner("router_solicitations");
-        assertEquals(IPV6_WIFI_ROUTER_SOLICITATIONS, s.nextInt());
-    }
-
-    /** Verify that router_solicitation_max_interval exists and is in an acceptable interval */
-    public void testRouterSolicitationMaxInterval() throws Exception {
-        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
-            return;
-        }
-        Scanner s = makeWifiSysctlScanner("router_solicitation_max_interval");
-        int interval = s.nextInt();
-        // Verify we're in the interval [15 minutes, 60 minutes]. Lower values may adversely
-        // impact battery life and higher values can decrease the probability of detecting
-        // network changes.
-        final int lowerBoundSec = 15 * 60;
-        final int upperBoundSec = 60 * 60;
-        assertTrue(lowerBoundSec <= interval);
-        assertTrue(interval <= upperBoundSec);
-    }
-
     // Returns "true", "false" or "none"
     private String getWifiMeteredStatus(String ssid) throws Exception {
         // Interestingly giving the SSID as an argument to list wifi-networks
@@ -1045,7 +674,7 @@
         final String rawMeteredPref = Settings.Global.getString(resolver,
                 NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE);
         return TextUtils.isEmpty(rawMeteredPref)
-            ? mContext.getResources().getInteger(R.integer.config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference)
+            ? getIntResourceForName(NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RES_NAME)
             : Integer.parseInt(rawMeteredPref);
     }
 
@@ -1065,6 +694,7 @@
      * Verify that getMultipathPreference does return appropriate values
      * for metered and unmetered networks.
      */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     public void testGetMultipathPreference() throws Exception {
         final ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
         final Network network = ensureWifiConnected();
@@ -1105,4 +735,531 @@
             setWifiMeteredStatus(ssid, oldMeteredSetting);
         }
     }
+
+    // TODO: move the following socket keep alive test to dedicated test class.
+    /**
+     * Callback used in tcp keepalive offload that allows caller to wait callback fires.
+     */
+    private static class TestSocketKeepaliveCallback extends SocketKeepalive.Callback {
+        public enum CallbackType { ON_STARTED, ON_STOPPED, ON_ERROR };
+
+        public static class CallbackValue {
+            public final CallbackType callbackType;
+            public final int error;
+
+            private CallbackValue(final CallbackType type, final int error) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = error;
+            }
+
+            public static class OnStartedCallback extends CallbackValue {
+                OnStartedCallback() { super(CallbackType.ON_STARTED, 0); }
+            }
+
+            public static class OnStoppedCallback extends CallbackValue {
+                OnStoppedCallback() { super(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED, 0); }
+            }
+
+            public static class OnErrorCallback extends CallbackValue {
+                OnErrorCallback(final int error) { super(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error); }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(Object o) {
+                return o.getClass() == this.getClass()
+                        && this.callbackType == ((CallbackValue) o).callbackType
+                        && this.error == ((CallbackValue) o).error;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return String.format("%s(%s, %d)", getClass().getSimpleName(), callbackType, error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackValue> mCallbacks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStarted() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue.OnStartedCallback());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopped() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue.OnStoppedCallback());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(final int error) {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue.OnErrorCallback(error));
+        }
+
+        public CallbackValue pollCallback() {
+            try {
+                return mCallbacks.poll(KEEPALIVE_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                fail("Callback not seen after " + KEEPALIVE_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS + " ms");
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        private void expectCallback(CallbackValue expectedCallback) {
+            final CallbackValue actualCallback = pollCallback();
+            assertEquals(expectedCallback, actualCallback);
+        }
+
+        public void expectStarted() {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue.OnStartedCallback());
+        }
+
+        public void expectStopped() {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue.OnStoppedCallback());
+        }
+
+        public void expectError(int error) {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue.OnErrorCallback(error));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InetAddress getAddrByName(final String hostname, final int family) throws Exception {
+        final InetAddress[] allAddrs = InetAddress.getAllByName(hostname);
+        for (InetAddress addr : allAddrs) {
+            if (family == AF_INET && addr instanceof Inet4Address) return addr;
+
+            if (family == AF_INET6 && addr instanceof Inet6Address) return addr;
+
+            if (family == AF_UNSPEC) return addr;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private Socket getConnectedSocket(final Network network, final String host, final int port,
+            final int socketTimeOut, final int family) throws Exception {
+        final Socket s = network.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
+        try {
+            final InetAddress addr = getAddrByName(host, family);
+            if (addr == null) fail("Fail to get destination address for " + family);
+
+            final InetSocketAddress sockAddr = new InetSocketAddress(addr, port);
+            s.setSoTimeout(socketTimeOut);
+            s.connect(sockAddr, CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            s.close();
+            throw e;
+        }
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    private int getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(@NonNull Network network) throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+
+        // Get number of supported concurrent keepalives for testing network.
+        final int[] keepalivesPerTransport = KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalives(mContext);
+        return KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(
+                keepalivesPerTransport, nc);
+    }
+
+    private void adoptShellPermissionIdentity() {
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+        mShellPermissionIdentityAdopted = true;
+    }
+
+    private void dropShellPermissionIdentity() {
+        if (mShellPermissionIdentityAdopted) {
+            mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+            mShellPermissionIdentityAdopted = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isTcpKeepaliveSupportedByKernel() {
+        final String kVersionString = VintfRuntimeInfo.getKernelVersion();
+        return compareMajorMinorVersion(kVersionString, "4.8") >= 0;
+    }
+
+    private static Pair<Integer, Integer> getVersionFromString(String version) {
+        // Only gets major and minor number of the version string.
+        final Pattern versionPattern = Pattern.compile("^(\\d+)(\\.(\\d+))?.*");
+        final Matcher m = versionPattern.matcher(version);
+        if (m.matches()) {
+            final int major = Integer.parseInt(m.group(1));
+            final int minor = TextUtils.isEmpty(m.group(3)) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(m.group(3));
+            return new Pair<>(major, minor);
+        } else {
+            return new Pair<>(0, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Move to util class.
+    private static int compareMajorMinorVersion(final String s1, final String s2) {
+        final Pair<Integer, Integer> v1 = getVersionFromString(s1);
+        final Pair<Integer, Integer> v2 = getVersionFromString(s2);
+
+        if (v1.first == v2.first) {
+            return Integer.compare(v1.second, v2.second);
+        } else {
+            return Integer.compare(v1.first, v2.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that version string compare logic returns expected result for various cases.
+     * Note that only major and minor number are compared.
+     */
+    public void testMajorMinorVersionCompare() {
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8.1", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.9", "4.8.1"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("5.0", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("5", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("5", "5.0"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("5-beta1", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8.0.0", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8-RC1", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(-1, compareMajorMinorVersion("3.10", "4.8.0"));
+        assertEquals(-1, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.7.10.10", "4.8"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the keepalive API cannot create any keepalive when the maximum number of
+     * keepalives is set to 0.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    public void testKeepaliveWifiUnsupported() throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testKeepaliveUnsupported cannot execute unless device"
+                    + " supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Network network = ensureWifiConnected();
+        if (getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network) != 0) return;
+
+        adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+        assertEquals(0, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, 1, 0));
+        assertEquals(0, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, 0, 1));
+
+        dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    public void testCreateTcpKeepalive() throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testCreateTcpKeepalive cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+        final Network network = ensureWifiConnected();
+        if (getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network) == 0) return;
+        // If kernel < 4.8 then it doesn't support TCP keepalive, but it might still support
+        // NAT-T keepalive. If keepalive limits from resource overlay is not zero, TCP keepalive
+        // needs to be supported except if the kernel doesn't support it.
+        if (!isTcpKeepaliveSupportedByKernel()) {
+            // Sanity check to ensure the callback result is expected.
+            assertEquals(0, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, 0, 1));
+            Log.i(TAG, "testCreateTcpKeepalive is skipped for kernel "
+                    + VintfRuntimeInfo.getKernelVersion());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] requestBytes = CtsNetUtils.HTTP_REQUEST.getBytes("UTF-8");
+        // So far only ipv4 tcp keepalive offload is supported.
+        // TODO: add test case for ipv6 tcp keepalive offload when it is supported.
+        try (Socket s = getConnectedSocket(network, TEST_HOST, HTTP_PORT,
+                KEEPALIVE_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS, AF_INET)) {
+
+            // Should able to start keep alive offload when socket is idle.
+            final Executor executor = mContext.getMainExecutor();
+            final TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback();
+            try (SocketKeepalive sk = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, s, executor, callback)) {
+                sk.start(MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL);
+                callback.expectStarted();
+
+                // App should not able to write during keepalive offload.
+                final OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
+                try {
+                    out.write(requestBytes);
+                    fail("Should not able to write");
+                } catch (IOException e) { }
+                // App should not able to read during keepalive offload.
+                final InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
+                byte[] responseBytes = new byte[4096];
+                try {
+                    in.read(responseBytes);
+                    fail("Should not able to read");
+                } catch (IOException e) { }
+
+                // Stop.
+                sk.stop();
+                callback.expectStopped();
+            }
+
+            // Ensure socket is still connected.
+            assertTrue(s.isConnected());
+            assertFalse(s.isClosed());
+
+            // Let socket be not idle.
+            try {
+                final OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
+                out.write(requestBytes);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                fail("Failed to write data " + e);
+            }
+            // Make sure response data arrives.
+            final MessageQueue fdHandlerQueue = Looper.getMainLooper().getQueue();
+            final FileDescriptor fd = s.getFileDescriptor$();
+            final CountDownLatch mOnReceiveLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            fdHandlerQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(fd, EVENT_INPUT, (readyFd, events) -> {
+                mOnReceiveLatch.countDown();
+                return 0; // Unregister listener.
+            });
+            if (!mOnReceiveLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                fdHandlerQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(fd);
+                fail("Timeout: no response data");
+            }
+
+            // Should get ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE because there is still data in the receive queue
+            // that has not been read.
+            try (SocketKeepalive sk = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, s, executor, callback)) {
+                sk.start(MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL);
+                callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> createConcurrentKeepalivesOfType(
+            int requestCount, @NonNull TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback,
+            Supplier<SocketKeepalive> kaFactory) {
+        final ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> kalist = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        int remainingRetries = MAX_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_COUNT;
+
+        // Test concurrent keepalives with the given supplier.
+        while (kalist.size() < requestCount) {
+            final SocketKeepalive ka = kaFactory.get();
+            ka.start(MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL);
+            TestSocketKeepaliveCallback.CallbackValue cv = callback.pollCallback();
+            assertNotNull(cv);
+            if (cv.callbackType == TestSocketKeepaliveCallback.CallbackType.ON_ERROR) {
+                if (kalist.size() == 0 && cv.error == SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED) {
+                    // Unsupported.
+                    break;
+                } else if (cv.error == SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES) {
+                    // Limit reached or temporary unavailable due to stopped slot is not yet
+                    // released.
+                    if (remainingRetries > 0) {
+                        SystemClock.sleep(INTERVAL_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_MS);
+                        remainingRetries--;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (cv.callbackType == TestSocketKeepaliveCallback.CallbackType.ON_STARTED) {
+                kalist.add(ka);
+            } else {
+                fail("Unexpected error when creating " + (kalist.size() + 1) + " "
+                        + ka.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": " + cv);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return kalist;
+    }
+
+    private @NonNull ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> createConcurrentNattSocketKeepalives(
+            @NonNull Network network, int requestCount,
+            @NonNull TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback)  throws Exception {
+
+        final Executor executor = mContext.getMainExecutor();
+
+        // Initialize a real NaT-T socket.
+        final IpSecManager mIpSec = (IpSecManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+        final UdpEncapsulationSocket nattSocket = mIpSec.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getFirstV4Address(network);
+        final InetAddress dstAddr = getAddrByName(TEST_HOST, AF_INET);
+        assertNotNull(srcAddr);
+        assertNotNull(dstAddr);
+
+        // Test concurrent Nat-T keepalives.
+        final ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> result = createConcurrentKeepalivesOfType(requestCount,
+                callback, () -> mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, nattSocket,
+                        srcAddr, dstAddr, executor, callback));
+
+        nattSocket.close();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private @NonNull ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> createConcurrentTcpSocketKeepalives(
+            @NonNull Network network, int requestCount,
+            @NonNull TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback) {
+        final Executor executor = mContext.getMainExecutor();
+
+        // Create concurrent TCP keepalives.
+        return createConcurrentKeepalivesOfType(requestCount, callback, () -> {
+            // Assert that TCP connections can be established. The file descriptor of tcp
+            // sockets will be duplicated and kept valid in service side if the keepalives are
+            // successfully started.
+            try (Socket tcpSocket = getConnectedSocket(network, TEST_HOST, HTTP_PORT,
+                    0 /* Unused */, AF_INET)) {
+                return mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, tcpSocket, executor, callback);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Unexpected error when creating TCP socket: " + e);
+            }
+            return null;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates concurrent keepalives until the specified counts of each type of keepalives are
+     * reached or the expected error callbacks are received for each type of keepalives.
+     *
+     * @return the total number of keepalives created.
+     */
+    private int createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(
+            @NonNull Network network, int nattCount, int tcpCount) throws Exception {
+        final ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> kalist = new ArrayList<>();
+        final TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback();
+
+        kalist.addAll(createConcurrentNattSocketKeepalives(network, nattCount, callback));
+        kalist.addAll(createConcurrentTcpSocketKeepalives(network, tcpCount, callback));
+
+        final int ret = kalist.size();
+
+        // Clean up.
+        for (final SocketKeepalive ka : kalist) {
+            ka.stop();
+            callback.expectStopped();
+        }
+        kalist.clear();
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the concurrent keepalive slots meet the minimum requirement, and don't
+     * get leaked after iterations.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    public void testSocketKeepaliveLimitWifi() throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testSocketKeepaliveLimitWifi cannot execute unless device"
+                    + " supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Network network = ensureWifiConnected();
+        final int supported = getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network);
+        if (supported == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+        // Verifies that the supported keepalive slots meet MIN_SUPPORTED_KEEPALIVE_COUNT.
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, MIN_SUPPORTED_WIFI_KEEPALIVE_COUNT);
+
+        // Verifies that Nat-T keepalives can be established.
+        assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, supported + 1, 0));
+        // Verifies that keepalives don't get leaked in second round.
+        assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, supported, 0));
+
+        // If kernel < 4.8 then it doesn't support TCP keepalive, but it might still support
+        // NAT-T keepalive. Test below cases only if TCP keepalive is supported by kernel.
+        if (isTcpKeepaliveSupportedByKernel()) {
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, 0, supported + 1));
+
+            // Verifies that different types can be established at the same time.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network,
+                    supported / 2, supported - supported / 2));
+
+            // Verifies that keepalives don't get leaked in second round.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, 0, supported));
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network,
+                    supported / 2, supported - supported / 2));
+        }
+
+        dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the concurrent keepalive slots meet the minimum telephony requirement, and
+     * don't get leaked after iterations.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot request network in instant app mode")
+    public void testSocketKeepaliveLimitTelephony() throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testSocketKeepaliveLimitTelephony cannot execute unless device"
+                    + " supports telephony");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int firstSdk = Build.VERSION.FIRST_SDK_INT;
+        if (firstSdk < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testSocketKeepaliveLimitTelephony: skip test for devices launching"
+                    + " before Q: " + firstSdk);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final int supported = getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network);
+
+        adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+        // Verifies that the supported keepalive slots meet minimum requirement.
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, MIN_SUPPORTED_CELLULAR_KEEPALIVE_COUNT);
+
+        // Verifies that Nat-T keepalives can be established.
+        assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, supported + 1, 0));
+        // Verifies that keepalives don't get leaked in second round.
+        assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, supported, 0));
+
+        dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private int getIntResourceForName(@NonNull String resName) {
+        final Resources r = mContext.getResources();
+        final int resId = r.getIdentifier(resName, "integer", "android");
+        return r.getInteger(resId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the keepalive slots are limited as customized for unprivileged requests.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    public void testSocketKeepaliveUnprivileged() throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testSocketKeepaliveUnprivileged cannot execute unless device"
+                    + " supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Network network = ensureWifiConnected();
+        final int supported = getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network);
+        if (supported == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Resource ID might be shifted on devices that compiled with different symbols.
+        // Thus, resolve ID at runtime is needed.
+        final int allowedUnprivilegedPerUid =
+                getIntResourceForName(KEEPALIVE_ALLOWED_UNPRIVILEGED_RES_NAME);
+        final int reservedPrivilegedSlots =
+                getIntResourceForName(KEEPALIVE_RESERVED_PER_SLOT_RES_NAME);
+        // Verifies that unprivileged request per uid cannot exceed the limit customized in the
+        // resource. Currently, unprivileged keepalive slots are limited to Nat-T only, this test
+        // does not apply to TCP.
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, reservedPrivilegedSlots);
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, allowedUnprivilegedPerUid);
+        final int expectedUnprivileged =
+                Math.min(allowedUnprivilegedPerUid, supported - reservedPrivilegedSlots);
+        assertEquals(expectedUnprivileged,
+                createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, supported + 1, 0));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertGreaterOrEqual(long greater, long lesser) {
+        assertTrue("" + greater + " expected to be greater than or equal to " + lesser,
+                greater >= lesser);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef8badd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.CLASS_IN;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.FLAG_EMPTY;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_A;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETIMEDOUT;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.DnsPacket;
+import android.net.DnsResolver;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.ParseException;
+import android.os.CancellationSignal;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+public class DnsResolverTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = "DnsResolverTest";
+    private static final char[] HEX_CHARS = {
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
+    };
+
+    static final String TEST_DOMAIN = "www.google.com";
+    static final String INVALID_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER = "invalid.google";
+    static final byte[] TEST_BLOB = new byte[]{
+            /* Header */
+            0x55, 0x66, /* Transaction ID */
+            0x01, 0x00, /* Flags */
+            0x00, 0x01, /* Questions */
+            0x00, 0x00, /* Answer RRs */
+            0x00, 0x00, /* Authority RRs */
+            0x00, 0x00, /* Additional RRs */
+            /* Queries */
+            0x03, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x06, 0x67, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65,
+            0x03, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x00, /* Name */
+            0x00, 0x01, /* Type */
+            0x00, 0x01  /* Class */
+    };
+    static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 12_000;
+    static final int CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS = 3_000;
+    static final int CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES = 5;
+    static final int QUERY_TIMES = 10;
+    static final int NXDOMAIN = 3;
+    static final int PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
+
+    private ContentResolver mCR;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private Executor mExecutor;
+    private Executor mExecutorInline;
+    private DnsResolver mDns;
+
+    private String mOldMode;
+    private String mOldDnsSpecifier;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mDns = DnsResolver.getInstance();
+        mExecutor = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())::post;
+        mExecutorInline = (Runnable r) -> r.run();
+        mCR = getContext().getContentResolver();
+        storePrivateDnsSetting();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        restorePrivateDnsSetting();
+        super.tearDown();
+    }
+
+    private void storePrivateDnsSetting() {
+        // Store private DNS setting
+        mOldMode = Settings.Global.getString(mCR, Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE);
+        mOldDnsSpecifier = Settings.Global.getString(mCR, Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER);
+    }
+
+    private void restorePrivateDnsSetting() {
+        // restore private DNS setting
+        Settings.Global.putString(mCR, Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE, mOldMode);
+        Settings.Global.putString(mCR, Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER, mOldDnsSpecifier);
+    }
+
+    private static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
+        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
+        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; ++i) {
+            int b = bytes[i] & 0xFF;
+            hexChars[i * 2] = HEX_CHARS[b >>> 4];
+            hexChars[i * 2 + 1] = HEX_CHARS[b & 0x0F];
+        }
+        return new String(hexChars);
+    }
+
+    private Network[] getTestableNetworks() {
+        final ArrayList<Network> testableNetworks = new ArrayList<Network>();
+        for (Network network : mCM.getAllNetworks()) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            if (nc != null
+                    && nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                    && nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
+                testableNetworks.add(network);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(
+                "This test requires that at least one network be connected. " +
+                        "Please ensure that the device is connected to a network.",
+                testableNetworks.size() >= 1);
+        // In order to test query with null network, add null as an element.
+        // Test cases which query with null network will go on default network.
+        testableNetworks.add(null);
+        return testableNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]);
+    }
+
+    static private void assertGreaterThan(String msg, int first, int second) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " Excepted " + first + " to be greater than " + second, first > second);
+    }
+
+    private static class DnsParseException extends Exception {
+        public DnsParseException(String msg) {
+            super(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class DnsAnswer extends DnsPacket {
+        DnsAnswer(@NonNull byte[] data) throws DnsParseException {
+            super(data);
+
+            // Check QR field.(query (0), or a response (1)).
+            if ((mHeader.flags & (1 << 15)) == 0) {
+                throw new DnsParseException("Not an answer packet");
+            }
+        }
+
+        int getRcode() {
+            return mHeader.rcode;
+        }
+
+        int getANCount() {
+            return mHeader.getRecordCount(ANSECTION);
+        }
+
+        int getQDCount() {
+            return mHeader.getRecordCount(QDSECTION);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A query callback that ensures that the query is cancelled and that onAnswer is never
+     * called. If the query succeeds before it is cancelled, needRetry will return true so the
+     * test can retry.
+     */
+    class VerifyCancelCallback implements DnsResolver.Callback<byte[]> {
+        private final CountDownLatch mLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final String mMsg;
+        private final CancellationSignal mCancelSignal;
+        private int mRcode;
+        private DnsAnswer mDnsAnswer;
+
+        VerifyCancelCallback(@NonNull String msg, @Nullable CancellationSignal cancel) {
+            mMsg = msg;
+            mCancelSignal = cancel;
+        }
+
+        VerifyCancelCallback(@NonNull String msg) {
+            this(msg, null);
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForAnswer(int timeout) throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForAnswer() throws InterruptedException {
+            return waitForAnswer(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean needRetry() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAnswer(@NonNull byte[] answer, int rcode) {
+            if (mCancelSignal != null && mCancelSignal.isCanceled()) {
+                fail(mMsg + " should not have returned any answers");
+            }
+
+            mRcode = rcode;
+            try {
+                mDnsAnswer = new DnsAnswer(answer);
+            } catch (ParseException | DnsParseException e) {
+                fail(mMsg + e.getMessage());
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "Reported blob: " + byteArrayToHexString(answer));
+            mLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(@NonNull DnsResolver.DnsException error) {
+            fail(mMsg + error.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        private void assertValidAnswer() {
+            assertNotNull(mMsg + " No valid answer", mDnsAnswer);
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Unexpected error: reported rcode" + mRcode +
+                    " blob's rcode " + mDnsAnswer.getRcode(), mRcode, mDnsAnswer.getRcode());
+        }
+
+        public void assertHasAnswer() {
+            assertValidAnswer();
+            // Check rcode field.(0, No error condition).
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Response error, rcode: " + mRcode, mRcode, 0);
+            // Check answer counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No answer found", mDnsAnswer.getANCount(), 0);
+            // Check question counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No question found", mDnsAnswer.getQDCount(), 0);
+        }
+
+        public void assertNXDomain() {
+            assertValidAnswer();
+            // Check rcode field.(3, NXDomain).
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Unexpected rcode: " + mRcode, mRcode, NXDOMAIN);
+            // Check answer counts. Expect 0 answer.
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Not an empty answer", mDnsAnswer.getANCount(), 0);
+            // Check question counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No question found", mDnsAnswer.getQDCount(), 0);
+        }
+
+        public void assertEmptyAnswer() {
+            assertValidAnswer();
+            // Check rcode field.(0, No error condition).
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Response error, rcode: " + mRcode, mRcode, 0);
+            // Check answer counts. Expect 0 answer.
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Not an empty answer", mDnsAnswer.getANCount(), 0);
+            // Check question counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No question found", mDnsAnswer.getQDCount(), 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQuery() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQuery(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQuery(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryBlob() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryBlob(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryBlobInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryBlob(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryRoot() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryRoot(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryRootInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryRoot(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryNXDomain() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryNXDomain(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryNXDomainInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryNXDomain(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQuery(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "RawQuery " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertHasAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQueryBlob(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final byte[] blob = new byte[]{
+                /* Header */
+                0x55, 0x66, /* Transaction ID */
+                0x01, 0x00, /* Flags */
+                0x00, 0x01, /* Questions */
+                0x00, 0x00, /* Answer RRs */
+                0x00, 0x00, /* Authority RRs */
+                0x00, 0x00, /* Additional RRs */
+                /* Queries */
+                0x03, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x06, 0x67, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65,
+                0x03, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x00, /* Name */
+                0x00, 0x01, /* Type */
+                0x00, 0x01  /* Class */
+        };
+        final String msg = "RawQuery blob " + byteArrayToHexString(blob);
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, blob, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertHasAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQueryRoot(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String dname = "";
+        final String msg = "RawQuery empty dname(ROOT) ";
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, dname, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            // Except no answer record because the root does not have AAAA records.
+            callback.assertEmptyAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQueryNXDomain(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String dname = "test1-nx.metric.gstatic.com";
+        final String msg = "RawQuery " + dname;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, dname, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertNXDomain();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryCancel() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancel RawQuery " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        // Start a DNS query and the cancel it immediately. Use VerifyCancelCallback to expect
+        // that the query is cancelled before it succeeds. If it is not cancelled before it
+        // succeeds, retry the test until it is.
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            boolean retry = false;
+            int round = 0;
+            do {
+                if (++round > CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES) {
+                    fail(msg + " cancel failed " + CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES + " times");
+                }
+                final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+                final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg, cancelSignal);
+                mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_EMPTY,
+                        mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    cancelSignal.cancel();
+                    latch.countDown();
+                });
+
+                retry = callback.needRetry();
+                assertTrue(msg + " query was not cancelled",
+                        latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } while (retry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testRawQueryBlobCancel() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancel RawQuery blob " + byteArrayToHexString(TEST_BLOB);
+        // Start a DNS query and the cancel it immediately. Use VerifyCancelCallback to expect
+        // that the query is cancelled before it succeeds. If it is not cancelled before it
+        // succeeds, retry the test until it is.
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            boolean retry = false;
+            int round = 0;
+            do {
+                if (++round > CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES) {
+                    fail(msg + " cancel failed " + CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES + " times");
+                }
+                final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+                final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg, cancelSignal);
+                mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_BLOB, FLAG_EMPTY, mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    cancelSignal.cancel();
+                    latch.countDown();
+                });
+
+                retry = callback.needRetry();
+                assertTrue(msg + " cancel is not done",
+                        latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } while (retry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testCancelBeforeQuery() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancelled RawQuery " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+            cancelSignal.cancel();
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_EMPTY,
+                    mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " should not return any answers",
+                    !callback.waitForAnswer(CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A query callback for InetAddress that ensures that the query is
+     * cancelled and that onAnswer is never called. If the query succeeds
+     * before it is cancelled, needRetry will return true so the
+     * test can retry.
+     */
+    class VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback implements DnsResolver.Callback<List<InetAddress>> {
+        private final CountDownLatch mLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final String mMsg;
+        private final List<InetAddress> mAnswers;
+        private final CancellationSignal mCancelSignal;
+
+        VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(@NonNull String msg, @Nullable CancellationSignal cancel) {
+            this.mMsg = msg;
+            this.mCancelSignal = cancel;
+            mAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForAnswer() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean needRetry() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean isAnswerEmpty() {
+            return mAnswers.isEmpty();
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasIpv6Answer() {
+            for (InetAddress answer : mAnswers) {
+                if (answer instanceof Inet6Address) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasIpv4Answer() {
+            for (InetAddress answer : mAnswers) {
+                if (answer instanceof Inet4Address) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAnswer(@NonNull List<InetAddress> answerList, int rcode) {
+            if (mCancelSignal != null && mCancelSignal.isCanceled()) {
+                fail(mMsg + " should not have returned any answers");
+            }
+            for (InetAddress addr : answerList) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Reported addr: " + addr.toString());
+            }
+            mAnswers.clear();
+            mAnswers.addAll(answerList);
+            mLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(@NonNull DnsResolver.DnsException error) {
+            fail(mMsg + error.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryForInetAddress() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddress(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddress(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv4() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv4(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv4Inline() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv4(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv6() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv6(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv6Inline() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv6(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void testContinuousQueries() throws Exception {
+        doTestContinuousQueries(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public void testContinuousQueriesInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestContinuousQueries(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestQueryForInetAddress(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test query for InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryCancelForInetAddress() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancel query for InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        // Start a DNS query and the cancel it immediately. Use VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback to
+        // expect that the query is cancelled before it succeeds. If it is not cancelled before it
+        // succeeds, retry the test until it is.
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            boolean retry = false;
+            int round = 0;
+            do {
+                if (++round > CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES) {
+                    fail(msg + " cancel failed " + CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES + " times");
+                }
+                final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+                final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                        new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, cancelSignal);
+                mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_EMPTY, mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    cancelSignal.cancel();
+                    latch.countDown();
+                });
+
+                retry = callback.needRetry();
+                assertTrue(msg + " query was not cancelled",
+                        latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } while (retry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv4(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test query for IPv4 InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, TYPE_A, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned Ipv6 results", !callback.hasIpv6Answer());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv6(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test query for IPv6 InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned Ipv4 results", !callback.hasIpv4Answer());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void awaitPrivateDnsSetting(@NonNull String msg,
+            @NonNull Network network, @NonNull String server) throws InterruptedException {
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network n, LinkProperties lp) {
+                if (network.equals(n) && server.equals(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName())) {
+                    latch.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        mCM.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+        assertTrue(msg, latch.await(PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    public void testPrivateDnsBypass() throws InterruptedException {
+        final Network[] testNetworks = getTestableNetworks();
+
+        // Set an invalid private DNS server
+        Settings.Global.putString(mCR, Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE, "hostname");
+        Settings.Global.putString(mCR,
+                Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER, INVALID_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
+
+        final String msg = "Test PrivateDnsBypass " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : testNetworks) {
+            // This test cannot be ran with null network because we need to explicitly pass a
+            // private DNS bypassable network or bind one.
+            if (network == null) continue;
+
+            // wait for private DNS setting propagating
+            awaitPrivateDnsSetting(msg + " wait private DNS setting timeout",
+                    network, INVALID_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
+
+            final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            final DnsResolver.Callback<List<InetAddress>> errorCallback =
+                    new DnsResolver.Callback<List<InetAddress>>() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onAnswer(@NonNull List<InetAddress> answerList, int rcode) {
+                            fail(msg + " should not get valid answer");
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void onError(@NonNull DnsResolver.DnsException error) {
+                            assertEquals(DnsResolver.ERROR_SYSTEM, error.code);
+                            assertEquals(ETIMEDOUT, ((ErrnoException) error.getCause()).errno);
+                            latch.countDown();
+                        }
+                    };
+            // Private DNS strict mode with invalid DNS server is set
+            // Expect no valid answer returned but ErrnoException with ETIMEDOUT
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, mExecutor, null, errorCallback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " invalid server round. No response after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            // Bypass privateDns, expect query works fine
+            mDns.query(network.getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy(),
+                    TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, mExecutor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " bypass private DNS round. No answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+
+            // To ensure private DNS bypass still work even if passing null network.
+            // Bind process network with a private DNS bypassable network.
+            mCM.bindProcessToNetwork(network.getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy());
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callbackWithNullNetwork =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg + " with null network ", null);
+            mDns.query(null,
+                    TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, mExecutor, null, callbackWithNullNetwork);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " with null network bypass private DNS round. No answer after " +
+                    TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.", callbackWithNullNetwork.waitForAnswer());
+            assertTrue(msg + " with null network returned 0 results",
+                    !callbackWithNullNetwork.isAnswerEmpty());
+
+            // Reset process network to default.
+            mCM.bindProcessToNetwork(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestContinuousQueries(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test continuous " + QUERY_TIMES + " queries " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < QUERY_TIMES ; ++i) {
+                final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                        new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+                // query v6/v4 in turn
+                boolean queryV6 = (i % 2 == 0);
+                mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, queryV6 ? TYPE_AAAA : TYPE_A,
+                        FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, executor, null, callback);
+
+                assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                        callback.waitForAnswer());
+                assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+                assertTrue(msg + " returned " + (queryV6 ? "Ipv4" : "Ipv6") + " results",
+                        queryV6 ? !callback.hasIpv4Answer() : !callback.hasIpv6Answer());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
index 84231c2..746dcb0 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
         final NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
             @Override
             public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network network, LinkProperties lp) {
-                if (lp.hasGlobalIPv6Address()) {
+                if (lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address()) {
                     latch.countDown();
                 }
             }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/InetAddressesTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/InetAddressesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7837ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/InetAddressesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import junitparams.JUnitParamsRunner;
+import junitparams.Parameters;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+@RunWith(JUnitParamsRunner.class)
+public class InetAddressesTest {
+
+    public static String[][] validNumericAddressesAndStringRepresentation() {
+        return new String[][] {
+            // Regular IPv4.
+            { "1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4" },
+
+            // Regular IPv6.
+            { "2001:4860:800d::68", "2001:4860:800d::68" },
+            { "1234:5678::9ABC:DEF0", "1234:5678::9abc:def0" },
+            { "2001:cdba:9abc:5678::", "2001:cdba:9abc:5678::" },
+            { "::2001:cdba:9abc:5678", "::2001:cdba:9abc:5678" },
+            { "64:ff9b::1.2.3.4", "64:ff9b::102:304" },
+
+            { "::9abc:5678", "::154.188.86.120" },
+
+            // Mapped IPv4
+            { "::ffff:127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1" },
+
+            // Android does not recognize Octal (leading 0) cases: they are treated as decimal.
+            { "0177.00.00.01", "177.0.0.1" },
+
+            // Verify that examples from JavaDoc work correctly.
+            { "192.0.2.1", "192.0.2.1" },
+            { "2001:db8::1:2", "2001:db8::1:2" },
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static String[] invalidNumericAddresses() {
+        return new String[] {
+            "",
+            " ",
+            "\t",
+            "\n",
+            "1.2.3.4.",
+            "1.2.3",
+            "1.2",
+            "1",
+            "1234",
+            "0",
+            "0x1.0x2.0x3.0x4",
+            "0x7f.0x00.0x00.0x01",
+            "0256.00.00.01",
+            "fred",
+            "www.google.com",
+            // IPv6 encoded for use in URL as defined in RFC 2732
+            "[fe80::6:2222]",
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "validNumericAddressesAndStringRepresentation")
+    @Test
+    public void parseNumericAddress(String address, String expectedString) {
+        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(address);
+        assertEquals(expectedString, inetAddress.getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "invalidNumericAddresses")
+    @Test
+    public void test_parseNonNumericAddress(String address) {
+        try {
+            InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(address);
+            fail(String.format(
+                "Address %s is not numeric but was parsed as %s", address, inetAddress));
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertThat(e.getMessage()).contains(address);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_parseNumericAddress_null() {
+        try {
+            InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(null);
+            fail(String.format("null is not numeric but was parsed as %s", inetAddress));
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "validNumericAddressesAndStringRepresentation")
+    @Test
+    public void test_isNumericAddress(String address, String unused) {
+        assertTrue("expected '" + address + "' to be treated as numeric",
+            InetAddresses.isNumericAddress(address));
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "invalidNumericAddresses")
+    @Test
+    public void test_isNotNumericAddress(String address) {
+        assertFalse("expected '" + address + "' to be treated as non-numeric",
+            InetAddresses.isNumericAddress(address));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_isNumericAddress_null() {
+        try {
+            InetAddresses.isNumericAddress(null);
+            fail("expected null to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
index 7132ecf..10e43e7 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
@@ -19,19 +19,22 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
-import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@@ -41,7 +44,12 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
-public class IpSecBaseTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class IpSecBaseTest {
 
     private static final String TAG = IpSecBaseTest.class.getSimpleName();
 
@@ -66,11 +74,19 @@
     protected static final byte[] AUTH_KEY = getKey(256);
     protected static final byte[] CRYPT_KEY = getKey(256);
 
+    protected ConnectivityManager mCM;
     protected IpSecManager mISM;
 
-    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-        mISM = (IpSecManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mISM =
+                (IpSecManager)
+                        InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+                                .getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+        mCM =
+                (ConnectivityManager)
+                        InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+                                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
     }
 
     protected static byte[] getKey(int bitLength) {
@@ -192,6 +208,17 @@
     public static class JavaUdpSocket implements GenericUdpSocket {
         public final DatagramSocket mSocket;
 
+        public JavaUdpSocket(InetAddress localAddr, int port) {
+            try {
+                mSocket = new DatagramSocket(port, localAddr);
+                mSocket.setSoTimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT);
+            } catch (SocketException e) {
+                // Fail loudly if we can't set up sockets properly. And without the timeout, we
+                // could easily end up in an endless wait.
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
         public JavaUdpSocket(InetAddress localAddr) {
             try {
                 mSocket = new DatagramSocket(0, localAddr);
@@ -422,35 +449,36 @@
     }
 
     protected static IpSecTransform buildIpSecTransform(
-            Context mContext,
+            Context context,
             IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi,
             IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket,
             InetAddress remoteAddr)
             throws Exception {
-        String localAddr = (remoteAddr instanceof Inet4Address) ? IPV4_LOOPBACK : IPV6_LOOPBACK;
         IpSecTransform.Builder builder =
-                new IpSecTransform.Builder(mContext)
-                .setEncryption(new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY))
-                .setAuthentication(
-                        new IpSecAlgorithm(
-                                IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256,
-                                AUTH_KEY,
-                                AUTH_KEY.length * 4));
+                new IpSecTransform.Builder(context)
+                        .setEncryption(new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY))
+                        .setAuthentication(
+                                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256,
+                                        AUTH_KEY,
+                                        AUTH_KEY.length * 4));
 
         if (encapSocket != null) {
             builder.setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort());
         }
 
-        return builder.buildTransportModeTransform(InetAddress.getByName(localAddr), spi);
+        return builder.buildTransportModeTransform(remoteAddr, spi);
     }
 
     private IpSecTransform buildDefaultTransform(InetAddress localAddr) throws Exception {
         try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
                 mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localAddr)) {
-            return buildIpSecTransform(mContext, spi, null, localAddr);
+            return buildIpSecTransform(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), spi, null, localAddr);
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testJavaTcpSocketPair() throws Exception {
         for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
             InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
@@ -461,6 +489,8 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testJavaUdpSocketPair() throws Exception {
         for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
             InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
@@ -472,6 +502,8 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testJavaUdpSocketPairUnconnected() throws Exception {
         for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
             InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
@@ -483,6 +515,8 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testNativeTcpSocketPair() throws Exception {
         for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
             InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
@@ -494,6 +528,8 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testNativeUdpSocketPair() throws Exception {
         for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
             InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
@@ -505,6 +541,8 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testNativeUdpSocketPairUnconnected() throws Exception {
         for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
             InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
index a18b2f0..355b496 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -16,46 +16,55 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_GCM_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 public class IpSecManagerTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
 
     private static final String TAG = IpSecManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
 
-    private ConnectivityManager mCM;
-
-    private static InetAddress IpAddress(String addrString) {
-        try {
-            return InetAddress.getByName(addrString);
-        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid IP address: " + e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4 = IpAddress("8.8.8.8");
-    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_6 = IpAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888");
 
     private static final InetAddress[] GOOGLE_DNS_LIST =
             new InetAddress[] {GOOGLE_DNS_4, GOOGLE_DNS_6};
@@ -65,28 +74,13 @@
 
     private static final byte[] AEAD_KEY = getKey(288);
 
-    private static final int TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_OPTIONS = 32;
-    private static final int UDP_HDRLEN = 8;
-    private static final int IP4_HDRLEN = 20;
-    private static final int IP6_HDRLEN = 40;
-
-    // Encryption parameters
-    private static final int AES_GCM_IV_LEN = 8;
-    private static final int AES_CBC_IV_LEN = 16;
-    private static final int AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE = 4;
-    private static final int AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE = 16;
-
-    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-    }
-
     /*
      * Allocate a random SPI
      * Allocate a specific SPI using previous randomly created SPI value
      * Realloc the same SPI that was specifically created (expect SpiUnavailable)
      * Close SPIs
      */
+    @Test
     public void testAllocSpi() throws Exception {
         for (InetAddress addr : GOOGLE_DNS_LIST) {
             IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex randomSpi = null, droidSpi = null;
@@ -238,13 +232,14 @@
      * release transform
      * send data (expect exception)
      */
+    @Test
     public void testCreateTransform() throws Exception {
         InetAddress localAddr = InetAddress.getByName(IPV4_LOOPBACK);
         IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
                 mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localAddr);
 
         IpSecTransform transform =
-                new IpSecTransform.Builder(mContext)
+                new IpSecTransform.Builder(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext())
                         .setEncryption(new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY))
                         .setAuthentication(
                                 new IpSecAlgorithm(
@@ -445,19 +440,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    /** Helper function to calculate expected ESP packet size. */
-    private int calculateEspPacketSize(
-            int payloadLen, int cryptIvLength, int cryptBlockSize, int authTruncLen) {
-        final int ESP_HDRLEN = 4 + 4; // SPI + Seq#
-        final int ICV_LEN = authTruncLen / 8; // Auth trailer; based on truncation length
-        payloadLen += cryptIvLength; // Initialization Vector
-        payloadLen += 2; // ESP trailer
-
-        // Align to block size of encryption algorithm
-        payloadLen += (cryptBlockSize - (payloadLen % cryptBlockSize)) % cryptBlockSize;
-        return payloadLen + ESP_HDRLEN + ICV_LEN;
-    }
-
     public void checkTransform(
             int protocol,
             String localAddress,
@@ -475,7 +457,8 @@
                 IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
                         mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(local)) {
 
-            IpSecTransform.Builder transformBuilder = new IpSecTransform.Builder(mContext);
+            IpSecTransform.Builder transformBuilder =
+                    new IpSecTransform.Builder(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext());
             if (crypt != null) {
                 transformBuilder.setEncryption(crypt);
             }
@@ -498,7 +481,7 @@
             try (IpSecTransform transform =
                         transformBuilder.buildTransportModeTransform(local, spi)) {
                 if (protocol == IPPROTO_TCP) {
-                    transportHdrLen = TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_OPTIONS;
+                    transportHdrLen = TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT;
                     checkTcp(transform, local, sendCount, useJavaSockets);
                 } else if (protocol == IPPROTO_UDP) {
                     transportHdrLen = UDP_HDRLEN;
@@ -535,7 +518,7 @@
 
         int innerPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + transportHdrLen + ipHdrLen;
         int outerPacketSize =
-                calculateEspPacketSize(
+                PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
                                 TEST_DATA.length + transportHdrLen, ivLen, blkSize, truncLenBits)
                         + udpEncapLen
                         + ipHdrLen;
@@ -553,13 +536,13 @@
         // Add TCP ACKs for data packets
         if (protocol == IPPROTO_TCP) {
             int encryptedTcpPktSize =
-                    calculateEspPacketSize(TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_OPTIONS, ivLen, blkSize, truncLenBits);
+                    PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
+                            TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT, ivLen, blkSize, truncLenBits);
 
-
-                // Add data packet ACKs
-                expectedOuterBytes += (encryptedTcpPktSize + udpEncapLen + ipHdrLen) * (sendCount);
-                expectedInnerBytes += (TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_OPTIONS + ipHdrLen) * (sendCount);
-                expectedPackets += sendCount;
+            // Add data packet ACKs
+            expectedOuterBytes += (encryptedTcpPktSize + udpEncapLen + ipHdrLen) * (sendCount);
+            expectedInnerBytes += (TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT + ipHdrLen) * (sendCount);
+            expectedPackets += sendCount;
         }
 
         StatsChecker.waitForNumPackets(expectedPackets);
@@ -620,6 +603,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testIkeOverUdpEncapSocket() throws Exception {
         // IPv6 not supported for UDP-encap-ESP
         InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(IPV4_LOOPBACK);
@@ -635,7 +619,7 @@
             try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
                             mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(local);
                     IpSecTransform transform =
-                            new IpSecTransform.Builder(mContext)
+                            new IpSecTransform.Builder(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext())
                                     .setEncryption(crypt)
                                     .setAuthentication(auth)
                                     .setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort())
@@ -678,24 +662,28 @@
     //     checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, true, 1000);
     // }
 
+    @Test
     public void testInterfaceCountersUdp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1000, false);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testInterfaceCountersUdp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1000, false);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testInterfaceCountersUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1000, false);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
@@ -703,6 +691,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
@@ -710,6 +699,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
@@ -717,6 +707,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
@@ -724,6 +715,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
@@ -731,6 +723,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
@@ -738,6 +731,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
@@ -745,6 +739,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
@@ -752,6 +747,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
@@ -759,6 +755,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
@@ -766,6 +763,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
@@ -773,6 +771,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
@@ -780,6 +779,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
@@ -787,6 +787,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
@@ -794,6 +795,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
@@ -801,6 +803,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
@@ -808,6 +811,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
@@ -815,6 +819,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
@@ -822,6 +827,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
@@ -829,6 +835,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
@@ -836,6 +843,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
@@ -843,6 +851,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
@@ -850,6 +859,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
@@ -857,6 +867,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
@@ -864,6 +875,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm96Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
@@ -871,6 +883,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm96Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
@@ -878,6 +891,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm96Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
@@ -885,6 +899,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm96Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
@@ -892,6 +907,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm128Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
@@ -899,6 +915,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm128Tcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
@@ -906,6 +923,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm128Udp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
@@ -913,6 +931,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm128Udp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
@@ -920,6 +939,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
@@ -927,6 +947,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
@@ -934,6 +955,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
@@ -941,6 +963,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
@@ -948,6 +971,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
@@ -955,6 +979,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
@@ -962,6 +987,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
@@ -969,6 +995,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
@@ -976,6 +1003,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
@@ -983,6 +1011,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
@@ -990,6 +1019,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
@@ -997,6 +1027,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
@@ -1004,6 +1035,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm96Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
@@ -1011,6 +1043,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm96Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
@@ -1018,6 +1051,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm128Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
@@ -1025,6 +1059,7 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm128Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
@@ -1032,78 +1067,91 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testCryptUdp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAuthUdp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testCryptUdp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAuthUdp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testCryptTcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAuthTcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testCryptTcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAuthTcp6() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testCryptUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAuthUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testCryptTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testAuthTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, false);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, true);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testOpenUdpEncapSocketSpecificPort() throws Exception {
         IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = null;
         int port = -1;
@@ -1132,6 +1180,7 @@
         assertTrue("Returned invalid port", encapSocket.getPort() == port);
     }
 
+    @Test
     public void testOpenUdpEncapSocketRandomPort() throws Exception {
         try (IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
             assertTrue("Returned invalid port", encapSocket.getPort() != 0);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..999d2f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,953 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS;
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.BytePayload;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.Ip4Header;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.Ip6Header;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UdpHeader;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.Payload;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@AppModeFull(reason = "MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+public class IpSecManagerTunnelTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
+    private static final String TAG = IpSecManagerTunnelTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_OUTER_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2");
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_OUTER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::2");
+
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_INNER_4 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("198.51.100.1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_INNER_4 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("198.51.100.2");
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_INNER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:2::1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_INNER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:2::2");
+
+    private static final int IP4_PREFIX_LEN = 32;
+    private static final int IP6_PREFIX_LEN = 128;
+
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+
+    // Static state to reduce setup/teardown
+    private static ConnectivityManager sCM;
+    private static TestNetworkManager sTNM;
+    private static ParcelFileDescriptor sTunFd;
+    private static TestNetworkCallback sTunNetworkCallback;
+    private static Network sTunNetwork;
+    private static TunUtils sTunUtils;
+
+    private static Context sContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+    private static IBinder sBinder = new Binder();
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
+        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+                .getUiAutomation()
+                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+        sCM = (ConnectivityManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        sTNM = (TestNetworkManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.TEST_NETWORK_SERVICE);
+
+        // Under normal circumstances, the MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS appop would be auto-granted, and
+        // a standard permission is insufficient. So we shell out the appop, to give us the
+        // right appop permissions.
+        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
+
+        TestNetworkInterface testIface =
+                sTNM.createTunInterface(
+                        new LinkAddress[] {
+                            new LinkAddress(LOCAL_OUTER_4, IP4_PREFIX_LEN),
+                            new LinkAddress(LOCAL_OUTER_6, IP6_PREFIX_LEN)
+                        });
+
+        sTunFd = testIface.getFileDescriptor();
+        sTunNetworkCallback = setupAndGetTestNetwork(testIface.getInterfaceName());
+        sTunNetwork = sTunNetworkCallback.getNetworkBlocking();
+
+        sTunUtils = new TunUtils(sTunFd);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    @Override
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        // Set to true before every run; some tests flip this.
+        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
+
+        // Clear sTunUtils state
+        sTunUtils.reset();
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
+        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+
+        sCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(sTunNetworkCallback);
+
+        sTNM.teardownTestNetwork(sTunNetwork);
+        sTunFd.close();
+
+        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+                .getUiAutomation()
+                .dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasTunnelsFeature() {
+        return sContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+                || SystemProperties.getInt("ro.product.first_api_level", 0)
+                        >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+    }
+
+    private static void setAppop(int appop, boolean allow) {
+        String opName = AppOpsManager.opToName(appop);
+        for (String pkg : new String[] {"com.android.shell", sContext.getPackageName()}) {
+            String cmd =
+                    String.format(
+                            "appops set %s %s %s",
+                            pkg, // Package name
+                            opName, // Appop
+                            (allow ? "allow" : "deny")); // Action
+            SystemUtil.runShellCommand(cmd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static TestNetworkCallback setupAndGetTestNetwork(String ifname) throws Exception {
+        // Build a network request
+        NetworkRequest nr =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                        .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                        .setNetworkSpecifier(ifname)
+                        .build();
+
+        TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        sCM.requestNetwork(nr, cb);
+
+        // Setup the test network after network request is filed to prevent Network from being
+        // reaped due to no requests matching it.
+        sTNM.setupTestNetwork(ifname, sBinder);
+
+        return cb;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSecurityExceptionCreateTunnelInterfaceWithoutAppop() throws Exception {
+        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
+
+        // Ensure we don't have the appop. Permission is not requested in the Manifest
+        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+
+        // Security exceptions are thrown regardless of IPv4/IPv6. Just test one
+        try {
+            mISM.createIpSecTunnelInterface(LOCAL_INNER_6, REMOTE_INNER_6, sTunNetwork);
+            fail("Did not throw SecurityException for Tunnel creation without appop");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSecurityExceptionBuildTunnelTransformWithoutAppop() throws Exception {
+        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
+
+        // Ensure we don't have the appop. Permission is not requested in the Manifest
+        setAppop(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+
+        // Security exceptions are thrown regardless of IPv4/IPv6. Just test one
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(LOCAL_INNER_4);
+                IpSecTransform transform =
+                        new IpSecTransform.Builder(sContext)
+                                .buildTunnelModeTransform(REMOTE_INNER_4, spi)) {
+            fail("Did not throw SecurityException for Transform creation without appop");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Test runnables for callbacks after IPsec tunnels are set up. */
+    private abstract class IpSecTunnelTestRunnable {
+        /**
+         * Runs the test code, and returns the inner socket port, if any.
+         *
+         * @param ipsecNetwork The IPsec Interface based Network for binding sockets on
+         * @return the integer port of the inner socket if outbound, or 0 if inbound
+         *     IpSecTunnelTestRunnable
+         * @throws Exception if any part of the test failed.
+         */
+        public abstract int run(Network ipsecNetwork) throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    private static class TestNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+        private final CompletableFuture<Network> futureNetwork = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+            futureNetwork.complete(network);
+        }
+
+        public Network getNetworkBlocking() throws Exception {
+            return futureNetwork.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getPacketSize(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode) {
+        int expectedPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + UDP_HDRLEN;
+
+        // Inner Transport mode packet size
+        if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+            expectedPacketSize =
+                    PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
+                            expectedPacketSize,
+                            AES_CBC_IV_LEN,
+                            AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE,
+                            AUTH_KEY.length * 4);
+        }
+
+        // Inner IP Header
+        expectedPacketSize += innerFamily == AF_INET ? IP4_HDRLEN : IP6_HDRLEN;
+
+        // Tunnel mode transform size
+        expectedPacketSize =
+                PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
+                        expectedPacketSize, AES_CBC_IV_LEN, AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE, AUTH_KEY.length * 4);
+
+        // UDP encap size
+        expectedPacketSize += useEncap ? UDP_HDRLEN : 0;
+
+        // Outer IP Header
+        expectedPacketSize += outerFamily == AF_INET ? IP4_HDRLEN : IP6_HDRLEN;
+
+        return expectedPacketSize;
+    }
+
+    private interface IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int innerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize)
+                throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    private class OutputIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory implements IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        public IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int unusedInnerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize) {
+            return new IpSecTunnelTestRunnable() {
+                @Override
+                public int run(Network ipsecNetwork) throws Exception {
+                    // Build a socket and send traffic
+                    JavaUdpSocket socket = new JavaUdpSocket(localInner);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(socket.mSocket);
+                    int innerSocketPort = socket.getPort();
+
+                    // For Transport-In-Tunnel mode, apply transform to socket
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, inTransportTransform);
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, outTransportTransform);
+                    }
+
+                    socket.sendTo(TEST_DATA, remoteInner, socket.getPort());
+
+                    // Verify that an encrypted packet is sent. As of right now, checking encrypted
+                    // body is not possible, due to the test not knowing some of the fields of the
+                    // inner IP header (flow label, flags, etc)
+                    sTunUtils.awaitEspPacketNoPlaintext(
+                            spi, TEST_DATA, encapPort != 0, expectedPacketSize);
+
+                    socket.close();
+
+                    return innerSocketPort;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InputReflectedIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory
+            implements IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        public IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int innerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize)
+                throws Exception {
+            return new IpSecTunnelTestRunnable() {
+                @Override
+                public int run(Network ipsecNetwork) throws Exception {
+                    // Build a socket and receive traffic
+                    JavaUdpSocket socket = new JavaUdpSocket(localInner, innerSocketPort);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(socket.mSocket);
+
+                    // For Transport-In-Tunnel mode, apply transform to socket
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, outTransportTransform);
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, inTransportTransform);
+                    }
+
+                    sTunUtils.reflectPackets();
+
+                    // Receive packet from socket, and validate that the payload is correct
+                    receiveAndValidatePacket(socket);
+
+                    socket.close();
+
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InputPacketGeneratorIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory
+            implements IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        public IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int innerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize)
+                throws Exception {
+            return new IpSecTunnelTestRunnable() {
+                @Override
+                public int run(Network ipsecNetwork) throws Exception {
+                    // Build a socket and receive traffic
+                    JavaUdpSocket socket = new JavaUdpSocket(localInner);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(socket.mSocket);
+
+                    // For Transport-In-Tunnel mode, apply transform to socket
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, outTransportTransform);
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, inTransportTransform);
+                    }
+
+                    byte[] pkt;
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        pkt =
+                                getTransportInTunnelModePacket(
+                                        spi,
+                                        spi,
+                                        remoteInner,
+                                        localInner,
+                                        remoteOuter,
+                                        localOuter,
+                                        socket.getPort(),
+                                        encapPort);
+                    } else {
+                        pkt =
+                                getTunnelModePacket(
+                                        spi,
+                                        remoteInner,
+                                        localInner,
+                                        remoteOuter,
+                                        localOuter,
+                                        socket.getPort(),
+                                        encapPort);
+                    }
+                    sTunUtils.injectPacket(pkt);
+
+                    // Receive packet from socket, and validate
+                    receiveAndValidatePacket(socket);
+
+                    socket.close();
+
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkTunnelOutput(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        checkTunnel(
+                innerFamily,
+                outerFamily,
+                useEncap,
+                transportInTunnelMode,
+                new OutputIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory());
+    }
+
+    private void checkTunnelInput(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        checkTunnel(
+                innerFamily,
+                outerFamily,
+                useEncap,
+                transportInTunnelMode,
+                new InputPacketGeneratorIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates that the kernel can talk to itself.
+     *
+     * <p>This test takes an outbound IPsec packet, reflects it (by flipping IP src/dst), and
+     * injects it back into the TUN. This test then verifies that a packet with the correct payload
+     * is found on the specified socket/port.
+     */
+    public void checkTunnelReflected(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
+
+        InetAddress localInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_INNER_4 : LOCAL_INNER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_INNER_4 : REMOTE_INNER_6;
+
+        InetAddress localOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_OUTER_4 : LOCAL_OUTER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_OUTER_4 : REMOTE_OUTER_6;
+
+        // Preselect both SPI and encap port, to be used for both inbound and outbound tunnels.
+        int spi = getRandomSpi(localOuter, remoteOuter);
+        int expectedPacketSize =
+                getPacketSize(innerFamily, outerFamily, useEncap, transportInTunnelMode);
+
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localInner, spi);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteInner, spi);
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, inTransportSpi, null, remoteInner);
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, outTransportSpi, null, localInner);
+                UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+
+            // Run output direction tests
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnable outputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable =
+                    new OutputIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory()
+                            .getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                                    transportInTunnelMode,
+                                    spi,
+                                    localInner,
+                                    remoteInner,
+                                    localOuter,
+                                    remoteOuter,
+                                    inTransportTransform,
+                                    outTransportTransform,
+                                    useEncap ? encapSocket.getPort() : 0,
+                                    0,
+                                    expectedPacketSize);
+            int innerSocketPort =
+                    buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+                    localInner,
+                    remoteInner,
+                    localOuter,
+                    remoteOuter,
+                    spi,
+                    useEncap ? encapSocket : null,
+                    outputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable);
+
+            // Input direction tests, with matching inner socket ports.
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnable inputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable =
+                    new InputReflectedIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory()
+                            .getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                                    transportInTunnelMode,
+                                    spi,
+                                    remoteInner,
+                                    localInner,
+                                    localOuter,
+                                    remoteOuter,
+                                    inTransportTransform,
+                                    outTransportTransform,
+                                    useEncap ? encapSocket.getPort() : 0,
+                                    innerSocketPort,
+                                    expectedPacketSize);
+            buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+                    remoteInner,
+                    localInner,
+                    localOuter,
+                    remoteOuter,
+                    spi,
+                    useEncap ? encapSocket : null,
+                    inputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void checkTunnel(
+            int innerFamily,
+            int outerFamily,
+            boolean useEncap,
+            boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory factory)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (!hasTunnelsFeature()) return;
+
+        InetAddress localInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_INNER_4 : LOCAL_INNER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_INNER_4 : REMOTE_INNER_6;
+
+        InetAddress localOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_OUTER_4 : LOCAL_OUTER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_OUTER_4 : REMOTE_OUTER_6;
+
+        // Preselect both SPI and encap port, to be used for both inbound and outbound tunnels.
+        // Re-uses the same SPI to ensure that even in cases of symmetric SPIs shared across tunnel
+        // and transport mode, packets are encrypted/decrypted properly based on the src/dst.
+        int spi = getRandomSpi(localOuter, remoteOuter);
+        int expectedPacketSize =
+                getPacketSize(innerFamily, outerFamily, useEncap, transportInTunnelMode);
+
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localInner, spi);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteInner, spi);
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, inTransportSpi, null, remoteInner);
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, outTransportSpi, null, localInner);
+                UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+
+            buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+                    localInner,
+                    remoteInner,
+                    localOuter,
+                    remoteOuter,
+                    spi,
+                    useEncap ? encapSocket : null,
+                    factory.getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                            transportInTunnelMode,
+                            spi,
+                            localInner,
+                            remoteInner,
+                            localOuter,
+                            remoteOuter,
+                            inTransportTransform,
+                            outTransportTransform,
+                            useEncap ? encapSocket.getPort() : 0,
+                            0,
+                            expectedPacketSize));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+            InetAddress localInner,
+            InetAddress remoteInner,
+            InetAddress localOuter,
+            InetAddress remoteOuter,
+            int spi,
+            UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket,
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnable test)
+            throws Exception {
+        int innerPrefixLen = localInner instanceof Inet6Address ? IP6_PREFIX_LEN : IP4_PREFIX_LEN;
+        TestNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = null;
+        int innerSocketPort;
+
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localOuter, spi);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteOuter, spi);
+                IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface =
+                        mISM.createIpSecTunnelInterface(localOuter, remoteOuter, sTunNetwork)) {
+            // Build the test network
+            tunnelIface.addAddress(localInner, innerPrefixLen);
+            testNetworkCb = setupAndGetTestNetwork(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName());
+            Network testNetwork = testNetworkCb.getNetworkBlocking();
+
+            // Check interface was created
+            assertNotNull(NetworkInterface.getByName(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName()));
+
+            // Verify address was added
+            final NetworkInterface netIface = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(localInner);
+            assertNotNull(netIface);
+            assertEquals(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName(), netIface.getDisplayName());
+
+            // Configure Transform parameters
+            IpSecTransform.Builder transformBuilder = new IpSecTransform.Builder(sContext);
+            transformBuilder.setEncryption(
+                    new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY));
+            transformBuilder.setAuthentication(
+                    new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                            IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, AUTH_KEY, AUTH_KEY.length * 4));
+
+            if (encapSocket != null) {
+                transformBuilder.setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort());
+            }
+
+            // Apply transform and check that traffic is properly encrypted
+            try (IpSecTransform inTransform =
+                            transformBuilder.buildTunnelModeTransform(remoteOuter, inSpi);
+                    IpSecTransform outTransform =
+                            transformBuilder.buildTunnelModeTransform(localOuter, outSpi)) {
+                mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(tunnelIface, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, inTransform);
+                mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                        tunnelIface, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, outTransform);
+
+                innerSocketPort = test.run(testNetwork);
+            }
+
+            // Teardown the test network
+            sTNM.teardownTestNetwork(testNetwork);
+
+            // Remove addresses and check that interface is still present, but fails lookup-by-addr
+            tunnelIface.removeAddress(localInner, innerPrefixLen);
+            assertNotNull(NetworkInterface.getByName(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName()));
+            assertNull(NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(localInner));
+
+            // Check interface was cleaned up
+            tunnelIface.close();
+            assertNull(NetworkInterface.getByName(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName()));
+        } finally {
+            if (testNetworkCb != null) {
+                sCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(testNetworkCb);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return innerSocketPort;
+    }
+
+    private static void receiveAndValidatePacket(JavaUdpSocket socket) throws Exception {
+        byte[] socketResponseBytes = socket.receive();
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_DATA, socketResponseBytes);
+    }
+
+    private int getRandomSpi(InetAddress localOuter, InetAddress remoteOuter) throws Exception {
+        // Try to allocate both in and out SPIs using the same requested SPI value.
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localOuter);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteOuter, inSpi.getSpi()); ) {
+            return inSpi.getSpi();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IpHeader getIpHeader(int protocol, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, Payload payload) {
+        if ((src instanceof Inet6Address) != (dst instanceof Inet6Address)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid src/dst address combination");
+        }
+
+        if (src instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            return new Ip6Header(protocol, (Inet6Address) src, (Inet6Address) dst, payload);
+        } else {
+            return new Ip4Header(protocol, (Inet4Address) src, (Inet4Address) dst, payload);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private EspHeader buildTransportModeEspPacket(
+            int spi, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, int port, Payload payload) throws Exception {
+        IpHeader preEspIpHeader = getIpHeader(payload.getProtocolId(), src, dst, payload);
+
+        return new EspHeader(
+                payload.getProtocolId(),
+                spi,
+                1, // sequence number
+                CRYPT_KEY, // Same key for auth and crypt
+                payload.getPacketBytes(preEspIpHeader));
+    }
+
+    private EspHeader buildTunnelModeEspPacket(
+            int spi,
+            InetAddress srcInner,
+            InetAddress dstInner,
+            InetAddress srcOuter,
+            InetAddress dstOuter,
+            int port,
+            int encapPort,
+            Payload payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        IpHeader innerIp = getIpHeader(payload.getProtocolId(), srcInner, dstInner, payload);
+        return new EspHeader(
+                innerIp.getProtocolId(),
+                spi,
+                1, // sequence number
+                CRYPT_KEY, // Same key for auth and crypt
+                innerIp.getPacketBytes());
+    }
+
+    private IpHeader maybeEncapPacket(
+            InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, int encapPort, EspHeader espPayload)
+            throws Exception {
+
+        Payload payload = espPayload;
+        if (encapPort != 0) {
+            payload = new UdpHeader(encapPort, encapPort, espPayload);
+        }
+
+        return getIpHeader(payload.getProtocolId(), src, dst, payload);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] getTunnelModePacket(
+            int spi,
+            InetAddress srcInner,
+            InetAddress dstInner,
+            InetAddress srcOuter,
+            InetAddress dstOuter,
+            int port,
+            int encapPort)
+            throws Exception {
+        UdpHeader udp = new UdpHeader(port, port, new BytePayload(TEST_DATA));
+
+        EspHeader espPayload =
+                buildTunnelModeEspPacket(
+                        spi, srcInner, dstInner, srcOuter, dstOuter, port, encapPort, udp);
+        return maybeEncapPacket(srcOuter, dstOuter, encapPort, espPayload).getPacketBytes();
+    }
+
+    private byte[] getTransportInTunnelModePacket(
+            int spiInner,
+            int spiOuter,
+            InetAddress srcInner,
+            InetAddress dstInner,
+            InetAddress srcOuter,
+            InetAddress dstOuter,
+            int port,
+            int encapPort)
+            throws Exception {
+        UdpHeader udp = new UdpHeader(port, port, new BytePayload(TEST_DATA));
+
+        EspHeader espPayload = buildTransportModeEspPacket(spiInner, srcInner, dstInner, port, udp);
+        espPayload =
+                buildTunnelModeEspPacket(
+                        spiOuter,
+                        srcInner,
+                        dstInner,
+                        srcOuter,
+                        dstOuter,
+                        port,
+                        encapPort,
+                        espPayload);
+        return maybeEncapPacket(srcOuter, dstOuter, encapPort, espPayload).getPacketBytes();
+    }
+
+    // Transport-in-Tunnel mode tests
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    // Tunnel mode tests
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecSysctlTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecSysctlTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b362282..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecSysctlTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.cts;
-
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
-import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.system.StructStat;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-/**
- * Tests for multinetwork sysctl functionality.
- */
-public class IpSecSysctlTest extends SysctlBaseTest {
-
-    // SPI expiration sysctls. Must be present and set greater than 1h.
-    private static final String SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL = "/proc/sys/net/core/xfrm_acq_expires";
-    private static final int MIN_ACQ_EXPIRES = 3600;
-
-    /**
-     * Checks that SPI default timeouts are overridden, and set to a reasonable length of time
-     */
-    public void testProcFiles() throws ErrnoException, IOException, NumberFormatException {
-        int value = getIntValue(SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL);
-        assertAtLeast(SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL, value, MIN_ACQ_EXPIRES);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
index b2c9d9b..c3e65b7 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@
     private static native int runSetprocnetwork(long networkHandle);
     private static native int runSetsocknetwork(long networkHandle);
     private static native int runDatagramCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native int runResNapiMalformedCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native int runResNcancelCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native int runResNqueryCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native int runResNsendCheck(long networkHandle);
+
+
 
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
 
@@ -175,4 +181,14 @@
             fail();
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {}
     }
+
+    public void testResNApi() {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            // Throws AssertionError directly in jni function if test fail.
+            runResNqueryCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            runResNsendCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            runResNcancelCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            runResNapiMalformedCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkSysctlTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkSysctlTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d0c111..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkSysctlTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.cts;
-
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
-import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.system.StructStat;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-/**
- * Tests for multinetwork sysctl functionality.
- */
-public class MultinetworkSysctlTest extends SysctlBaseTest {
-
-    // Global sysctls. Must be present and set to 1.
-    private static final String[] GLOBAL_SYSCTLS = {
-        "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/fwmark_reflect",
-        "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/fwmark_reflect",
-        "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fwmark_accept",
-    };
-
-    // Per-interface IPv6 autoconf sysctls.
-    private static final String IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR = "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf";
-    private static final String AUTOCONF_SYSCTL = "accept_ra_rt_table";
-
-    /**
-     * Checks that the sysctls for multinetwork kernel features are present and
-     * enabled. The necessary kernel commits are:
-     *
-     * Mainline Linux:
-     *   e110861 net: add a sysctl to reflect the fwmark on replies
-     *   1b3c61d net: Use fwmark reflection in PMTU discovery.
-     *   84f39b0 net: support marking accepting TCP sockets
-     *
-     * Common Android tree (e.g., 3.10):
-     *   a03f539 net: ipv6: autoconf routes into per-device tables
-     */
-     public void testProcFiles() throws ErrnoException, IOException, NumberFormatException {
-         for (String sysctl : GLOBAL_SYSCTLS) {
-             int value = getIntValue(sysctl);
-             assertEquals(sysctl, 1, value);
-         }
-
-         File[] interfaceDirs = new File(IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR).listFiles();
-         for (File interfaceDir : interfaceDirs) {
-             if (interfaceDir.getName().equals("all") || interfaceDir.getName().equals("lo")) {
-                 continue;
-             }
-             String sysctl = new File(interfaceDir, AUTOCONF_SYSCTL).getAbsolutePath();
-             int value = getIntValue(sysctl);
-             assertLess(sysctl, value, 0);
-         }
-     }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkWatchlistTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkWatchlistTest.java
index 8ad7820..e4e350c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkWatchlistTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkWatchlistTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.os.FileUtils;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@
      * returns the hash of config we set.
      */
     @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot access resource file in instant app mode")
     public void testGetWatchlistConfigHash() throws Exception {
         // Set watchlist config file for test
         setWatchlistConfig(TEST_WATCHLIST_XML);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6177827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.Mac;
+import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
+import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
+
+public class PacketUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = PacketUtils.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
+
+    static final int IP4_HDRLEN = 20;
+    static final int IP6_HDRLEN = 40;
+    static final int UDP_HDRLEN = 8;
+    static final int TCP_HDRLEN = 20;
+    static final int TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT = TCP_HDRLEN + 12;
+
+    // Not defined in OsConstants
+    static final int IPPROTO_IPV4 = 4;
+    static final int IPPROTO_ESP = 50;
+
+    // Encryption parameters
+    static final int AES_GCM_IV_LEN = 8;
+    static final int AES_CBC_IV_LEN = 16;
+    static final int AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE = 4;
+    static final int AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE = 16;
+
+    // Encryption algorithms
+    static final String AES = "AES";
+    static final String AES_CBC = "AES/CBC/NoPadding";
+    static final String HMAC_SHA_256 = "HmacSHA256";
+
+    public interface Payload {
+        byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) throws Exception;
+
+        void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) throws Exception;
+
+        short length();
+
+        int getProtocolId();
+    }
+
+    public abstract static class IpHeader {
+
+        public final byte proto;
+        public final InetAddress srcAddr;
+        public final InetAddress dstAddr;
+        public final Payload payload;
+
+        public IpHeader(int proto, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, Payload payload) {
+            this.proto = (byte) proto;
+            this.srcAddr = src;
+            this.dstAddr = dst;
+            this.payload = payload;
+        }
+
+        public abstract byte[] getPacketBytes() throws Exception;
+
+        public abstract int getProtocolId();
+    }
+
+    public static class Ip4Header extends IpHeader {
+        private short checksum;
+
+        public Ip4Header(int proto, Inet4Address src, Inet4Address dst, Payload payload) {
+            super(proto, src, dst, payload);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes() throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer resultBuffer = buildHeader();
+            payload.addPacketBytes(this, resultBuffer);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(resultBuffer);
+        }
+
+        public ByteBuffer buildHeader() {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            // Version, IHL
+            bb.put((byte) (0x45));
+
+            // DCSP, ECN
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+
+            // Total Length
+            bb.putShort((short) (IP4_HDRLEN + payload.length()));
+
+            // Empty for Identification, Flags and Fragment Offset
+            bb.putShort((short) 0);
+            bb.put((byte) 0x40);
+            bb.put((byte) 0x00);
+
+            // TTL
+            bb.put((byte) 64);
+
+            // Protocol
+            bb.put(proto);
+
+            // Header Checksum
+            final int ipChecksumOffset = bb.position();
+            bb.putShort((short) 0);
+
+            // Src/Dst addresses
+            bb.put(srcAddr.getAddress());
+            bb.put(dstAddr.getAddress());
+
+            bb.putShort(ipChecksumOffset, calculateChecksum(bb));
+
+            return bb;
+        }
+
+        private short calculateChecksum(ByteBuffer bb) {
+            int checksum = 0;
+
+            // Calculate sum of 16-bit values, excluding checksum. IPv4 headers are always 32-bit
+            // aligned, so no special cases needed for unaligned values.
+            ShortBuffer shortBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb)).asShortBuffer();
+            while (shortBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                short val = shortBuffer.get();
+
+                // Wrap as needed
+                checksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(checksum, val);
+            }
+
+            return onesComplement(checksum);
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_IPV4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class Ip6Header extends IpHeader {
+        public Ip6Header(int nextHeader, Inet6Address src, Inet6Address dst, Payload payload) {
+            super(nextHeader, src, dst, payload);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes() throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            // Version | Traffic Class (First 4 bits)
+            bb.put((byte) 0x60);
+
+            // Traffic class (Last 4 bits), Flow Label
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+
+            // Payload Length
+            bb.putShort((short) payload.length());
+
+            // Next Header
+            bb.put(proto);
+
+            // Hop Limit
+            bb.put((byte) 64);
+
+            // Src/Dst addresses
+            bb.put(srcAddr.getAddress());
+            bb.put(dstAddr.getAddress());
+
+            // Payload
+            payload.addPacketBytes(this, bb);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_IPV6;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class BytePayload implements Payload {
+        public final byte[] payload;
+
+        public BytePayload(byte[] payload) {
+            this.payload = payload;
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            addPacketBytes(header, bb);
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) {
+            resultBuffer.put(payload);
+        }
+
+        public short length() {
+            return (short) payload.length;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class UdpHeader implements Payload {
+
+        public final short srcPort;
+        public final short dstPort;
+        public final Payload payload;
+
+        public UdpHeader(int srcPort, int dstPort, Payload payload) {
+            this.srcPort = (short) srcPort;
+            this.dstPort = (short) dstPort;
+            this.payload = payload;
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_UDP;
+        }
+
+        public short length() {
+            return (short) (payload.length() + 8);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            addPacketBytes(header, bb);
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) throws Exception {
+            // Source, Destination port
+            resultBuffer.putShort(srcPort);
+            resultBuffer.putShort(dstPort);
+
+            // Payload Length
+            resultBuffer.putShort(length());
+
+            // Get payload bytes for checksum + payload
+            ByteBuffer payloadBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+            payload.addPacketBytes(header, payloadBuffer);
+            byte[] payloadBytes = getByteArrayFromBuffer(payloadBuffer);
+
+            // Checksum
+            resultBuffer.putShort(calculateChecksum(header, payloadBytes));
+
+            // Payload
+            resultBuffer.put(payloadBytes);
+        }
+
+        private short calculateChecksum(IpHeader header, byte[] payloadBytes) throws Exception {
+            int newChecksum = 0;
+            ShortBuffer srcBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(header.srcAddr.getAddress()).asShortBuffer();
+            ShortBuffer dstBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(header.dstAddr.getAddress()).asShortBuffer();
+
+            while (srcBuffer.hasRemaining() || dstBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                short val = srcBuffer.hasRemaining() ? srcBuffer.get() : dstBuffer.get();
+
+                // Wrap as needed
+                newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, val);
+            }
+
+            // Add pseudo-header values. Proto is 0-padded, so just use the byte.
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, header.proto);
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, length());
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, srcPort);
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, dstPort);
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, length());
+
+            ShortBuffer payloadShortBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(payloadBytes).asShortBuffer();
+            while (payloadShortBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, payloadShortBuffer.get());
+            }
+            if (payload.length() % 2 != 0) {
+                newChecksum =
+                        addAndWrapForChecksum(
+                                newChecksum, (payloadBytes[payloadBytes.length - 1] << 8));
+            }
+
+            return onesComplement(newChecksum);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class EspHeader implements Payload {
+        public final int nextHeader;
+        public final int spi;
+        public final int seqNum;
+        public final byte[] key;
+        public final byte[] payload;
+
+        /**
+         * Generic constructor for ESP headers.
+         *
+         * <p>For Tunnel mode, payload will be a full IP header + attached payloads
+         *
+         * <p>For Transport mode, payload will be only the attached payloads, but with the checksum
+         * calculated using the pre-encryption IP header
+         */
+        public EspHeader(int nextHeader, int spi, int seqNum, byte[] key, byte[] payload) {
+            this.nextHeader = nextHeader;
+            this.spi = spi;
+            this.seqNum = seqNum;
+            this.key = key;
+            this.payload = payload;
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_ESP;
+        }
+
+        public short length() {
+            // ALWAYS uses AES-CBC, HMAC-SHA256 (128b trunc len)
+            return (short)
+                    calculateEspPacketSize(payload.length, AES_CBC_IV_LEN, AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE, 128);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            addPacketBytes(header, bb);
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer espPayloadBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+            espPayloadBuffer.putInt(spi);
+            espPayloadBuffer.putInt(seqNum);
+            espPayloadBuffer.put(getCiphertext(key));
+
+            espPayloadBuffer.put(getIcv(getByteArrayFromBuffer(espPayloadBuffer)), 0, 16);
+            resultBuffer.put(getByteArrayFromBuffer(espPayloadBuffer));
+        }
+
+        private byte[] getIcv(byte[] authenticatedSection) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            Mac sha256HMAC = Mac.getInstance(HMAC_SHA_256);
+            SecretKeySpec authKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, HMAC_SHA_256);
+            sha256HMAC.init(authKey);
+
+            return sha256HMAC.doFinal(authenticatedSection);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Encrypts and builds ciphertext block. Includes the IV, Padding and Next-Header blocks
+         *
+         * <p>The ciphertext does NOT include the SPI/Sequence numbers, or the ICV.
+         */
+        private byte[] getCiphertext(byte[] key) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            int paddedLen = calculateEspEncryptedLength(payload.length, AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE);
+            ByteBuffer paddedPayload = ByteBuffer.allocate(paddedLen);
+            paddedPayload.put(payload);
+
+            // Add padding - consecutive integers from 0x01
+            int pad = 1;
+            while (paddedPayload.position() < paddedPayload.limit()) {
+                paddedPayload.put((byte) pad++);
+            }
+
+            paddedPayload.position(paddedPayload.limit() - 2);
+            paddedPayload.put((byte) (paddedLen - 2 - payload.length)); // Pad length
+            paddedPayload.put((byte) nextHeader);
+
+            // Generate Initialization Vector
+            byte[] iv = new byte[AES_CBC_IV_LEN];
+            new SecureRandom().nextBytes(iv);
+            IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
+            SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, AES);
+
+            // Encrypt payload
+            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_CBC);
+            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec, ivParameterSpec);
+            byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(getByteArrayFromBuffer(paddedPayload));
+
+            // Build ciphertext
+            ByteBuffer cipherText = ByteBuffer.allocate(AES_CBC_IV_LEN + encrypted.length);
+            cipherText.put(iv);
+            cipherText.put(encrypted);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(cipherText);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int addAndWrapForChecksum(int currentChecksum, int value) {
+        currentChecksum += value & 0x0000ffff;
+
+        // Wrap anything beyond the first 16 bits, and add to lower order bits
+        return (currentChecksum >>> 16) + (currentChecksum & 0x0000ffff);
+    }
+
+    private static short onesComplement(int val) {
+        val = (val >>> 16) + (val & 0xffff);
+
+        if (val == 0) return 0;
+        return (short) ((~val) & 0xffff);
+    }
+
+    public static int calculateEspPacketSize(
+            int payloadLen, int cryptIvLength, int cryptBlockSize, int authTruncLen) {
+        final int ESP_HDRLEN = 4 + 4; // SPI + Seq#
+        final int ICV_LEN = authTruncLen / 8; // Auth trailer; based on truncation length
+        payloadLen += cryptIvLength; // Initialization Vector
+
+        // Align to block size of encryption algorithm
+        payloadLen = calculateEspEncryptedLength(payloadLen, cryptBlockSize);
+        return payloadLen + ESP_HDRLEN + ICV_LEN;
+    }
+
+    private static int calculateEspEncryptedLength(int payloadLen, int cryptBlockSize) {
+        payloadLen += 2; // ESP trailer
+
+        // Align to block size of encryption algorithm
+        return payloadLen + calculateEspPadLen(payloadLen, cryptBlockSize);
+    }
+
+    private static int calculateEspPadLen(int payloadLen, int cryptBlockSize) {
+        return (cryptBlockSize - (payloadLen % cryptBlockSize)) % cryptBlockSize;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] getByteArrayFromBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+        return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer.array(), 0, buffer.position());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Debug printing
+     */
+    private static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
+
+    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (byte b : bytes) {
+            sb.append(hexArray[b >>> 4]);
+            sb.append(hexArray[b & 0x0F]);
+            sb.append(' ');
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest.java
index 60ac226..cbe54f8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest.java
@@ -16,131 +16,333 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.Socket;
-
-import javax.net.SocketFactory;
-import javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.net.SSLCertificateSocketFactory;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
+import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
 import libcore.javax.net.ssl.SSLConfigurationAsserts;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 
-public class SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest extends AndroidTestCase {
-    private SSLCertificateSocketFactory mFactory;
-    private int mTimeout;
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest {
+    // TEST_HOST should point to a web server with a valid TLS certificate.
+    private static final String TEST_HOST = "www.google.com";
+    private static final int HTTPS_PORT = 443;
+    private HostnameVerifier mDefaultVerifier;
+    private SSLCertificateSocketFactory mSocketFactory;
+    private InetAddress mLocalAddress;
+    // InetAddress obtained by resolving TEST_HOST.
+    private InetAddress mTestHostAddress;
+    // SocketAddress combining mTestHostAddress and HTTPS_PORT.
+    private List<SocketAddress> mTestSocketAddresses;
 
-    @Override
-    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-        mTimeout = 1000;
-        mFactory = (SSLCertificateSocketFactory) SSLCertificateSocketFactory.getDefault(mTimeout);
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        // Expected state before each test method is that
+        // HttpsURLConnection.getDefaultHostnameVerifier() will return the system default.
+        mDefaultVerifier = HttpsURLConnection.getDefaultHostnameVerifier();
+        mSocketFactory = (SSLCertificateSocketFactory)
+            SSLCertificateSocketFactory.getDefault(1000 /* handshakeTimeoutMillis */);
+        assertNotNull(mSocketFactory);
+        InetAddress[] addresses;
+        try {
+            addresses = InetAddress.getAllByName(TEST_HOST);
+            mTestHostAddress = addresses[0];
+        } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
+            throw new AssertionError(
+                "Unable to test SSLCertificateSocketFactory: cannot resolve " + TEST_HOST, uhe);
+        }
+
+        mTestSocketAddresses = Arrays.stream(addresses)
+            .map(addr -> new InetSocketAddress(addr, HTTPS_PORT))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        // Find the local IP address which will be used to connect to TEST_HOST.
+        try {
+            Socket testSocket = new Socket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+            mLocalAddress = testSocket.getLocalAddress();
+            testSocket.close();
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            throw new AssertionError(""
+                + "Unable to test SSLCertificateSocketFactory: cannot connect to "
+                + TEST_HOST, ioe);
+        }
     }
 
+    // Restore the system default hostname verifier after each test.
+    @After
+    public void restoreDefaultHostnameVerifier() {
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(mDefaultVerifier);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testDefaultConfiguration() throws Exception {
-        SSLConfigurationAsserts.assertSSLSocketFactoryDefaultConfiguration(mFactory);
+        SSLConfigurationAsserts.assertSSLSocketFactoryDefaultConfiguration(mSocketFactory);
     }
 
-    public void testAccessProperties() throws Exception {
-        mFactory.getSupportedCipherSuites();
-        mFactory.getDefaultCipherSuites();
-        SocketFactory sf = SSLCertificateSocketFactory.getDefault(mTimeout);
-        assertNotNull(sf);
+    @Test
+    public void testAccessProperties() {
+        mSocketFactory.getSupportedCipherSuites();
+        mSocketFactory.getDefaultCipherSuites();
     }
 
-    public void testCreateSocket() throws Exception {
-        new SSLCertificateSocketFactory(100);
-        int port = 443;
-        String host = "www.google.com";
-        InetAddress inetAddress = null;
-        inetAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
+    /**
+     * Tests the {@code createSocket()} cases which are expected to fail with {@code IOException}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void createSocket_io_error_expected() {
+        // Connect to the localhost HTTPS port. Should result in connection refused IOException
+        // because no service should be listening on that port.
+        InetAddress localhostAddress = InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress();
         try {
-            mFactory.createSocket(inetAddress, port);
-            fail("should throw exception!");
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(localhostAddress, HTTPS_PORT);
+            fail();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // expected
         }
 
+        // Same, but also binding to a local address.
         try {
-            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
-            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
-            mFactory.createSocket(inetAddress1, port, inetAddress2, port);
-            fail("should throw exception!");
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(localhostAddress, HTTPS_PORT, localhostAddress, 0);
+            fail();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // expected
         }
 
+        // Same, wrapping an existing plain socket which is in an unconnected state.
         try {
             Socket socket = new Socket();
-            mFactory.createSocket(socket, host, port, true);
-            fail("should throw exception!");
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(socket, "localhost", HTTPS_PORT, true);
+            fail();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // expected
         }
-        Socket socket = null;
-        socket = mFactory.createSocket(host, port);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(String, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which is fully connected (i.e. TLS handshake complete)
+     * and whose peer TLS certificate has been verified to have the correct hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>{@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory} is documented to verify hostnames using
+     * the {@link HostnameVerifier} returned by
+     * {@link HttpsURLConnection#getDefaultHostnameVerifier}, so this test connects twice,
+     * once with the system default {@link HostnameVerifier} which is expected to succeed,
+     * and once after installing a {@link NegativeHostnameVerifier} which will cause
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#verifyHostname} to throw a
+     * {@link SSLPeerUnverifiedException}.
+     *
+     * <p>These tests only test the hostname verification logic in SSLCertificateSocketFactory,
+     * other TLS failure modes and the default HostnameVerifier are tested elsewhere, see
+     * {@link com.squareup.okhttp.internal.tls.HostnameVerifierTest} and
+     * https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/boringssl/+/refs/heads/master/src/ssl/test
+     *
+     * <p>Tests the following behaviour:-
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>TEST_SERVER is available and has a valid TLS certificate
+     * <li>{@code createSocket()} verifies the remote hostname is correct using
+     *     {@link HttpsURLConnection#getDefaultHostnameVerifier}
+     * <li>{@link SSLPeerUnverifiedException} is thrown when the remote hostname is invalid
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>See also http://b/2807618.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void createSocket_simple_with_hostname_verification() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        socket.close();
+
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        try {
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+            fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(Socket, String, int, boolean)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which is fully connected (i.e. TLS handshake complete)
+     * and whose peer TLS certificate has been verified to have the correct hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>The TLS socket returned is wrapped around the plain socket passed into
+     * {@code createSocket()}.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #createSocket_simple_with_hostname_verification()} for test methodology.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void createSocket_wrapped_with_hostname_verification() throws Exception {
+        Socket underlying = new Socket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(underlying, TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, true);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        socket.close();
+
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        try {
+            underlying = new Socket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(underlying, TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, true);
+            fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(String, int, InetAddress, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which is fully connected (i.e. TLS handshake complete)
+     * and whose peer TLS certificate has been verified to have the correct hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>The TLS socket returned is also bound to the local address determined in {@link #setUp} to
+     * be used for connections to TEST_HOST, and a wildcard port.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #createSocket_simple_with_hostname_verification()} for test methodology.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void createSocket_bound_with_hostname_verification() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, mLocalAddress, 0);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        socket.close();
+
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        try {
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, mLocalAddress, 0);
+            fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(InetAddress, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which the documentation describes as "unconnected",
+     * which actually means that the socket is fully connected at the TCP layer but TLS handshaking
+     * and hostname verification have not yet taken place.
+     *
+     * <p>Behaviour is tested by installing a {@link NegativeHostnameVerifier} and by calling
+     * {@link #assertConnectedSocket} to ensure TLS handshaking but no hostname verification takes
+     * place.  Next, {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#verifyHostname} is called to ensure
+     * that hostname verification is using the {@link HostnameVerifier} returned by
+     * {@link HttpsURLConnection#getDefaultHostnameVerifier} as documented.
+     *
+     * <p>Tests the following behaviour:-
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>TEST_SERVER is available and has a valid TLS certificate
+     * <li>{@code createSocket()} does not verify the remote hostname
+     * <li>Calling {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#verifyHostname} on the returned socket
+     *     throws {@link SSLPeerUnverifiedException} if the remote hostname is invalid
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void createSocket_simple_no_hostname_verification() throws Exception{
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(mTestHostAddress, HTTPS_PORT);
+        // Need to provide the expected hostname here or the TLS handshake will
+        // be unable to supply SNI to the remote host.
+        mSocketFactory.setHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        try {
+          SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+          fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(mDefaultVerifier);
+        SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        socket.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(InetAddress, int, InetAddress, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which the documentation describes as "unconnected",
+     * which actually means that the socket is fully connected at the TCP layer but TLS handshaking
+     * and hostname verification have not yet taken place.
+     *
+     * <p>The TLS socket returned is also bound to the local address determined in {@link #setUp} to
+     * be used for connections to TEST_HOST, and a wildcard port.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #createSocket_simple_no_hostname_verification()} for test methodology.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void createSocket_bound_no_hostname_verification() throws Exception{
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        Socket socket =
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(mTestHostAddress, HTTPS_PORT, mLocalAddress, 0);
+        // Need to provide the expected hostname here or the TLS handshake will
+        // be unable to supply SNI to the peer.
+        mSocketFactory.setHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        try {
+          SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+          fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(mDefaultVerifier);
+        SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        socket.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts a socket is fully connected to the expected peer.
+     *
+     * <p>For the variants of createSocket which verify the remote hostname,
+     * {@code socket} should already be fully connected.
+     *
+     * <p>For the non-verifying variants, retrieving the input stream will trigger a TLS handshake
+     * and so may throw an exception, for example if the peer's certificate is invalid.
+     *
+     * <p>Does no hostname verification.
+     */
+    private void assertConnectedSocket(Socket socket) throws Exception {
         assertNotNull(socket);
-        assertNotNull(socket.getOutputStream());
+        assertTrue(socket.isConnected());
         assertNotNull(socket.getInputStream());
-
-        // it throw exception when calling createSocket(String, int, InetAddress, int)
-        // The socket level is invalid.
-    }
-
-    // a host and port that are expected to be available but have
-    // a cert with a different CN, in this case CN=mail.google.com
-    private static String TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_HOST = "googlemail.com";
-    private static int TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_PORT = 443;
-
-    /**
-     * b/2807618 Make sure that hostname verifcation in cases were it
-     * is documented to be included by various
-     * SSLCertificateSocketFactory.createSocket messages.
-     *
-     * NOTE: Test will fail if external server is not available.
-     */
-    public void test_createSocket_simple() throws Exception {
-        try {
-            mFactory.createSocket(TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_HOST, TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_PORT);
-            fail();
-        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
-            // expected
-        }
+        assertNotNull(socket.getOutputStream());
+        assertTrue(mTestSocketAddresses.contains(socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()));
     }
 
     /**
-     * b/2807618 Make sure that hostname verifcation in cases were it
-     * is documented to be included by various
-     * SSLCertificateSocketFactory.createSocket messages.
-     *
-     * NOTE: Test will fail if external server is not available.
+     * A HostnameVerifier which always returns false to simulate a server returning a
+     * certificate which does not match the expected hostname.
      */
-    public void test_createSocket_wrapping() throws Exception {
-        try {
-            Socket underlying = new Socket(TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_HOST, TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_PORT);
-            mFactory.createSocket(
-                    underlying, TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_HOST, TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_PORT, true);
-            fail();
-        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
-            // expected
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * b/2807618 Make sure that hostname verifcation in cases were it
-     * is documented to be included by various
-     * SSLCertificateSocketFactory.createSocket messages.
-     *
-     * NOTE: Test will fail if external server is not available.
-     */
-    public void test_createSocket_bind() throws Exception {
-        try {
-            mFactory.createSocket(TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_HOST, TEST_CREATE_SOCKET_PORT, null, 0);
-            fail();
-        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
-            // expected
+    private static class NegativeHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {
+        @Override
+        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession sslSession) {
+            return false;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SysctlBaseTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SysctlBaseTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index a5966d4..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SysctlBaseTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.cts;
-
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
-import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.system.StructStat;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-/**
- * Tests for multinetwork sysctl functionality.
- */
-public class SysctlBaseTest extends AndroidTestCase {
-
-    // Expected mode, UID, and GID of sysctl files.
-    private static final int SYSCTL_MODE = 0100644;
-    private static final int SYSCTL_UID = 0;
-    private static final int SYSCTL_GID = 0;
-
-    private void checkSysctlPermissions(String fileName) throws ErrnoException {
-        StructStat stat = Os.stat(fileName);
-        assertEquals("mode of " + fileName + ":", SYSCTL_MODE, stat.st_mode);
-        assertEquals("UID of " + fileName + ":", SYSCTL_UID, stat.st_uid);
-        assertEquals("GID of " + fileName + ":", SYSCTL_GID, stat.st_gid);
-    }
-
-    protected void assertLess(String sysctl, int a, int b) {
-        assertTrue("value of " + sysctl + ": expected < " + b + " but was: " + a, a < b);
-    }
-
-    protected void assertAtLeast(String sysctl, int a, int b) {
-        assertTrue("value of " + sysctl + ": expected >= " + b + " but was: " + a, a >= b);
-    }
-
-    private String readFile(String fileName) throws ErrnoException, IOException {
-        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
-        FileDescriptor fd = Os.open(fileName, 0, OsConstants.O_RDONLY);
-        int bytesRead = Os.read(fd, buf, 0, buf.length);
-        assertLess("length of " + fileName + ":", bytesRead, buf.length);
-        return new String(buf);
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Checks permissions and retrieves the sysctl's value. Retrieval of value should always use
-     * this method
-     */
-    protected int getIntValue(String filename) throws ErrnoException, IOException {
-        checkSysctlPermissions(filename);
-        return Integer.parseInt(readFile(filename).trim());
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TheaterModeTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TheaterModeTest.java
index 10fca6f..d1ddeaa 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TheaterModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TheaterModeTest.java
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@
 
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import java.lang.Thread;
-
 public class TheaterModeTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private static final String TAG = "TheaterModeTest";
     private static final String FEATURE_BLUETOOTH = "android.hardware.bluetooth";
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@
                        || mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
     public void testTheaterMode() {
         setup();
         if (!mHasFeature) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
index a8743fa..5bd1e20 100755
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.io.FileReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@
         return packetCount * (20 + 32 + bytes);
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testTrafficStatsForLocalhost() throws IOException {
         final long mobileTxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets();
         final long mobileRxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets();
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@
         final int byteCount = 1024;
         final int packetCount = 1024;
 
+        TrafficStats.startDataProfiling(null);
         final ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(0);
         new Thread("TrafficStatsTest.testTrafficStatsForLocalhost") {
             @Override
@@ -153,6 +156,7 @@
             Thread.sleep(1000);
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         }
+        NetworkStats testStats = TrafficStats.stopDataProfiling(null);
 
         long mobileTxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets();
         long mobileRxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets();
@@ -194,6 +198,24 @@
             Log.i(LOG_TAG, "lingering traffic data: " + deltaTxOtherPackets + "/" + deltaRxOtherPackets);
         }
 
+        // Check the per uid stats read from data profiling have the stats expected. The data
+        // profiling snapshot is generated from readNetworkStatsDetail() method in
+        // networkStatsService and in this way we can verify the detail networkStats of a given uid
+        // is correct.
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry = testStats.getTotal(null, Process.myUid());
+        assertTrue("txPackets detail: " + entry.txPackets + " uidTxPackets: " + uidTxDeltaPackets,
+            entry.txPackets >= packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets
+            && entry.txPackets <= uidTxDeltaPackets);
+        assertTrue("rxPackets detail: " + entry.rxPackets + " uidRxPackets: " + uidRxDeltaPackets,
+            entry.rxPackets >= packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets
+            && entry.rxPackets <= uidRxDeltaPackets);
+        assertTrue("txBytes detail: " + entry.txBytes + " uidTxDeltaBytes: " + uidTxDeltaBytes,
+            entry.txBytes >= tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount, byteCount)
+            + tcpPacketToIpBytes(minExpectedExtraPackets, 0) && entry.txBytes <= uidTxDeltaBytes);
+        assertTrue("rxBytes detail: " + entry.rxBytes + " uidRxDeltaBytes: " + uidRxDeltaBytes,
+            entry.rxBytes >= tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount, byteCount)
+            + tcpPacketToIpBytes(minExpectedExtraPackets, 0) && entry.rxBytes <= uidRxDeltaBytes);
+
         assertTrue("uidtxp: " + uidTxPacketsBefore + " -> " + uidTxPacketsAfter + " delta=" + uidTxDeltaPackets +
             " Wanted: " + uidTxDeltaPackets + ">=" + packetCount + "+" + minExpectedExtraPackets + " && " +
             uidTxDeltaPackets + "<=" + packetCount + "+" + packetCount + "+" + maxExpectedExtraPackets + "+" + deltaTxOtherPackets,
@@ -216,19 +238,37 @@
             uidRxDeltaBytes <= tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount, byteCount) + tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets + deltaRxOtherPackets, 0));
 
         // Localhost traffic *does* count against total stats.
-        // Fudge by 132 packets of 1500 bytes not related to the test.
+        // Check the total stats increased after test data transfer over localhost has been made.
         assertTrue("ttxp: " + totalTxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalTxPacketsAfter,
-            totalTxPacketsAfter >= totalTxPacketsBefore + uidTxDeltaPackets &&
-            totalTxPacketsAfter <= totalTxPacketsBefore + uidTxDeltaPackets + 132);
+                totalTxPacketsAfter >= totalTxPacketsBefore + uidTxDeltaPackets);
         assertTrue("trxp: " + totalRxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalRxPacketsAfter,
-            totalRxPacketsAfter >= totalRxPacketsBefore + uidRxDeltaPackets &&
-            totalRxPacketsAfter <= totalRxPacketsBefore + uidRxDeltaPackets + 132);
+                totalRxPacketsAfter >= totalRxPacketsBefore + uidRxDeltaPackets);
         assertTrue("ttxb: " + totalTxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalTxBytesAfter,
-            totalTxBytesAfter >= totalTxBytesBefore + uidTxDeltaBytes &&
-            totalTxBytesAfter <= totalTxBytesBefore + uidTxDeltaBytes + 132 * 1500);
+                totalTxBytesAfter >= totalTxBytesBefore + uidTxDeltaBytes);
         assertTrue("trxb: " + totalRxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalRxBytesAfter,
-            totalRxBytesAfter >= totalRxBytesBefore + uidRxDeltaBytes &&
-            totalRxBytesAfter <= totalRxBytesBefore + uidRxDeltaBytes + 132 * 1500);
+                totalRxBytesAfter >= totalRxBytesBefore + uidRxDeltaBytes);
+
+        // If the adb TCP port is opened, this test may be run by adb over network.
+        // Huge amount of data traffic might go through the network and accounted into total packets
+        // stats. The upper bound check would be meaningless.
+        // TODO: Consider precisely calculate the traffic accounted due to adb over network and
+        //       subtract it when checking upper bound instead of skip checking.
+        final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        if (SystemProperties.getInt("persist.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1
+                || SystemProperties.getInt("service.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1
+                || !pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_USB_ACCESSORY)) {
+            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "adb is running over the network, skip the upper bound check");
+        } else {
+            // Fudge by 132 packets of 1500 bytes not related to the test.
+            assertTrue("ttxp: " + totalTxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalTxPacketsAfter,
+                    totalTxPacketsAfter <= totalTxPacketsBefore + uidTxDeltaPackets + 132);
+            assertTrue("trxp: " + totalRxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalRxPacketsAfter,
+                    totalRxPacketsAfter <= totalRxPacketsBefore + uidRxDeltaPackets + 132);
+            assertTrue("ttxb: " + totalTxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalTxBytesAfter,
+                    totalTxBytesAfter <= totalTxBytesBefore + uidTxDeltaBytes + 132 * 1500);
+            assertTrue("trxb: " + totalRxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalRxBytesAfter,
+                    totalRxBytesAfter <= totalRxBytesBefore + uidRxDeltaBytes + 132 * 1500);
+        }
 
         // Localhost traffic should *not* count against mobile stats,
         // There might be some other traffic, but nowhere near 1MB.
@@ -244,6 +284,5 @@
         assertTrue("mrxb: " + mobileRxBytesBefore + " -> " + mobileRxBytesAfter,
             mobileRxBytesAfter >= mobileRxBytesBefore &&
             mobileRxBytesAfter <= mobileRxBytesBefore + 200000);
-
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a030713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IPPROTO_ESP;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+public class TunUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = TunUtils.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT = 100;
+
+    private static final int IP4_PROTO_OFFSET = 9;
+    private static final int IP6_PROTO_OFFSET = 6;
+
+    private static final int IP4_ADDR_OFFSET = 12;
+    private static final int IP4_ADDR_LEN = 4;
+    private static final int IP6_ADDR_OFFSET = 8;
+    private static final int IP6_ADDR_LEN = 16;
+
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mTunFd;
+    private final List<byte[]> mPackets = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final Thread mReaderThread;
+
+    public TunUtils(ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd) {
+        mTunFd = tunFd;
+
+        // Start background reader thread
+        mReaderThread =
+                new Thread(
+                        () -> {
+                            try {
+                                // Loop will exit and thread will quit when tunFd is closed.
+                                // Receiving either EOF or an exception will exit this reader loop.
+                                // FileInputStream in uninterruptable, so there's no good way to
+                                // ensure that this thread shuts down except upon FD closure.
+                                while (true) {
+                                    byte[] intercepted = receiveFromTun();
+                                    if (intercepted == null) {
+                                        // Exit once we've hit EOF
+                                        return;
+                                    } else if (intercepted.length > 0) {
+                                        // Only save packet if we've received any bytes.
+                                        synchronized (mPackets) {
+                                            mPackets.add(intercepted);
+                                            mPackets.notifyAll();
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            } catch (IOException ignored) {
+                                // Simply exit this reader thread
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        });
+        mReaderThread.start();
+    }
+
+    private byte[] receiveFromTun() throws IOException {
+        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(mTunFd.getFileDescriptor());
+        byte[] inBytes = new byte[DATA_BUFFER_LEN];
+        int bytesRead = in.read(inBytes);
+
+        if (bytesRead < 0) {
+            return null; // return null for EOF
+        } else if (bytesRead >= DATA_BUFFER_LEN) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Too big packet. Fragmentation unsupported");
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(inBytes, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] getFirstMatchingPacket(Predicate<byte[]> verifier, int startIndex) {
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            for (int i = startIndex; i < mPackets.size(); i++) {
+                byte[] pkt = mPackets.get(i);
+                if (verifier.test(pkt)) {
+                    return pkt;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the specified bytes were ever sent in plaintext.
+     *
+     * <p>Only checks for known plaintext bytes to prevent triggering on ICMP/RA packets or the like
+     *
+     * @param plaintext the plaintext bytes to check for
+     * @param startIndex the index in the list to check for
+     */
+    public boolean hasPlaintextPacket(byte[] plaintext, int startIndex) {
+        Predicate<byte[]> verifier =
+                (pkt) -> {
+                    return Collections.indexOfSubList(Arrays.asList(pkt), Arrays.asList(plaintext))
+                            != -1;
+                };
+        return getFirstMatchingPacket(verifier, startIndex) != null;
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getEspPacket(int spi, boolean encap, int startIndex) {
+        return getFirstMatchingPacket(
+                (pkt) -> {
+                    return isEsp(pkt, spi, encap);
+                },
+                startIndex);
+    }
+
+    public byte[] awaitEspPacketNoPlaintext(
+            int spi, byte[] plaintext, boolean useEncap, int expectedPacketSize) throws Exception {
+        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + TIMEOUT;
+        int startIndex = 0;
+
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
+                byte[] espPkt = getEspPacket(spi, useEncap, startIndex);
+                if (espPkt != null) {
+                    // Validate packet size
+                    assertEquals(expectedPacketSize, espPkt.length);
+
+                    // Always check plaintext from start
+                    assertFalse(hasPlaintextPacket(plaintext, 0));
+                    return espPkt; // We've found the packet we're looking for.
+                }
+
+                startIndex = mPackets.size();
+
+                // Try to prevent waiting too long. If waitTimeout <= 0, we've already hit timeout
+                long waitTimeout = endTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
+                if (waitTimeout > 0) {
+                    mPackets.wait(waitTimeout);
+                }
+            }
+
+            fail("No such ESP packet found with SPI " + spi);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isSpiEqual(byte[] pkt, int espOffset, int spi) {
+        // Check SPI byte by byte.
+        return pkt[espOffset] == (byte) ((spi >>> 24) & 0xff)
+                && pkt[espOffset + 1] == (byte) ((spi >>> 16) & 0xff)
+                && pkt[espOffset + 2] == (byte) ((spi >>> 8) & 0xff)
+                && pkt[espOffset + 3] == (byte) (spi & 0xff);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isEsp(byte[] pkt, int spi, boolean encap) {
+        if (isIpv6(pkt)) {
+            // IPv6 UDP encap not supported by kernels; assume non-encap.
+            return pkt[IP6_PROTO_OFFSET] == IPPROTO_ESP && isSpiEqual(pkt, IP6_HDRLEN, spi);
+        } else {
+            // Use default IPv4 header length (assuming no options)
+            if (encap) {
+                return pkt[IP4_PROTO_OFFSET] == IPPROTO_UDP
+                        && isSpiEqual(pkt, IP4_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN, spi);
+            } else {
+                return pkt[IP4_PROTO_OFFSET] == IPPROTO_ESP && isSpiEqual(pkt, IP4_HDRLEN, spi);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6(byte[] pkt) {
+        // First nibble shows IP version. 0x60 for IPv6
+        return (pkt[0] & (byte) 0xF0) == (byte) 0x60;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] getReflectedPacket(byte[] pkt) {
+        byte[] reflected = Arrays.copyOf(pkt, pkt.length);
+
+        if (isIpv6(pkt)) {
+            // Set reflected packet's dst to that of the original's src
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET + IP6_ADDR_LEN, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET, // dst offset
+                    IP6_ADDR_LEN); // len
+            // Set reflected packet's src IP to that of the original's dst IP
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET + IP6_ADDR_LEN, // dst offset
+                    IP6_ADDR_LEN); // len
+        } else {
+            // Set reflected packet's dst to that of the original's src
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET + IP4_ADDR_LEN, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET, // dst offset
+                    IP4_ADDR_LEN); // len
+            // Set reflected packet's src IP to that of the original's dst IP
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET + IP4_ADDR_LEN, // dst offset
+                    IP4_ADDR_LEN); // len
+        }
+        return reflected;
+    }
+
+    /** Takes all captured packets, flips the src/dst, and re-injects them. */
+    public void reflectPackets() throws IOException {
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            for (byte[] pkt : mPackets) {
+                injectPacket(getReflectedPacket(pkt));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void injectPacket(byte[] pkt) throws IOException {
+        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(mTunFd.getFileDescriptor());
+        out.write(pkt);
+        out.flush();
+    }
+
+    /** Resets the intercepted packets. */
+    public void reset() throws IOException {
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            mPackets.clear();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UriTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UriTest.java
index 5c54cda..40b8fb7 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UriTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UriTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 public class UriTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     public void testParcelling() {
@@ -73,6 +74,12 @@
         assertEquals("new", b.getFragment());
         assertEquals("bar", b.getSchemeSpecificPart());
         assertEquals("foo", b.getScheme());
+
+        a = Uri.fromParts("scheme", "[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo", "bar");
+        b = a.buildUpon().fragment("qux").build();
+        assertEquals("qux", b.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo", b.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("scheme", b.getScheme());
     }
 
     public void testStringUri() {
@@ -120,6 +127,38 @@
         assertEquals("a.foo.com", uri.getHost());
         assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
         assertEquals("\\.example.com/path", uri.getPath());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("https://[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo");
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertNull(uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("/foo", uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals(null, uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("//[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo", uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("https://[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/#foo");
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertNull(uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("/", uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals("foo", uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("//[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/", uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse(
+                "https://some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234/foo?corge=thud&corge=garp#bar");
+        assertEquals("some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertEquals("some:user", uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(1234, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("/foo", uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals("bar", uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("//some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234/foo?corge=thud&corge=garp",
+                uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("corge=thud&corge=garp", uri.getQuery());
+        assertEquals("thud", uri.getQueryParameter("corge"));
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("thud", "garp"), uri.getQueryParameters("corge"));
     }
 
     public void testCompareTo() {
@@ -164,22 +203,62 @@
         String encoded = Uri.encode("Bob:/", "/");
         assertEquals(-1, encoded.indexOf(':'));
         assertTrue(encoded.indexOf('/') > -1);
-        assertDecode(null);
-        assertDecode("");
-        assertDecode("Bob");
-        assertDecode(":Bob");
-        assertDecode("::Bob");
-        assertDecode("Bob::Lee");
-        assertDecode("Bob:Lee");
-        assertDecode("Bob::");
-        assertDecode("Bob:");
-        assertDecode("::Bob::");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact(null);
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact(":Bob");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("::Bob");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob::Lee");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob:Lee");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob::");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob:");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("::Bob::");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("https:/some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234/foo#bar");
     }
 
-    private void assertDecode(String s) {
+    private static void assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact(String s) {
         assertEquals(s, Uri.decode(Uri.encode(s, null)));
     }
 
+    public void testDecode_emptyString_returnsEmptyString() {
+        assertEquals("", Uri.decode(""));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_null_returnsNull() {
+        assertNull(Uri.decode(null));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_wrongHexDigit() {
+        // %p in the end.
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840\uFFFD\u0000", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%C4%82%25%e0%a1%80%p"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_secondHexDigitWrong() {
+        // %1p in the end.
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840\uFFFD\u0001", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80%1p"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_endsWithPercent_appendsUnknownCharacter() {
+        // % in the end.
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840\uFFFD", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80%"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_plusNotConverted() {
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%+\u0840", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25+%e0%a1%80"));
+    }
+
+    // Last character needs decoding (make sure we are flushing the buffer with chars to decode).
+    public void testDecode_lastCharacter() {
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80"));
+    }
+
+    // Check that a second row of encoded characters is decoded properly (internal buffers are
+    // reset properly).
+    public void testDecode_secondRowOfEncoded() {
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840aa\u0840",
+                Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80aa%e0%a1%80"));
+    }
+
     public void testFromFile() {
         File f = new File("/tmp/bob");
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(f);
@@ -425,4 +504,87 @@
                 Uri.parse("HTTP://USER@WWW.ANDROID.COM:100/ABOUT?foo=blah@bar=bleh#c")
                         .normalizeScheme());
     }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_tel() {
+        checkToSafeString("tel:xxxxxx", "tel:Google");
+        checkToSafeString("tel:xxxxxxxxxx", "tel:1234567890");
+        checkToSafeString("tEl:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "tEl:123.456-7890");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_sip() {
+        checkToSafeString("sip:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx", "sip:android@android.com:1234");
+        checkToSafeString("sIp:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx", "sIp:android@android.com");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_sms() {
+        checkToSafeString("sms:xxxxxx", "sms:123abc");
+        checkToSafeString("smS:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "smS:123.456-7890");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_smsto() {
+        checkToSafeString("smsto:xxxxxx", "smsto:123abc");
+        checkToSafeString("SMSTo:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "SMSTo:123.456-7890");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_mailto() {
+        checkToSafeString("mailto:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx", "mailto:android@android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("Mailto:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx",
+                "Mailto:android@android.com/secret");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_nfc() {
+        checkToSafeString("nfc:xxxxxx", "nfc:123abc");
+        checkToSafeString("nfc:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "nfc:123.456-7890");
+        checkToSafeString("nfc:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx", "nfc:android@android.com");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_http() {
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("HTTP://www.android.com/...", "HTTP://www.android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...",
+                "http://user:pwd@www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...",
+                "http://user@www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http:///...", "http:///path?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http:///...", "http://");
+        checkToSafeString("http://:12345/...", "http://:12345/");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_https() {
+        checkToSafeString("https://www.android.com/...", "https://www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("https://www.android.com:8443/...",
+                "https://user:pwd@www.android.com:8443/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("https://www.android.com/...", "https://user:pwd@www.android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("Https://www.android.com/...", "Https://user:pwd@www.android.com");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_ftp() {
+        checkToSafeString("ftp://ftp.android.com/...", "ftp://ftp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("ftP://ftp.android.com/...", "ftP://anonymous@ftp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("ftp://ftp.android.com:2121/...",
+                "ftp://root:love@ftp.android.com:2121/");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_rtsp() {
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com/...", "rtsp://rtsp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com/...", "rtsp://rtsp.android.com/video.mov");
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com/...", "rtsp://rtsp.android.com/video.mov?param");
+        checkToSafeString("RtsP://rtsp.android.com/...", "RtsP://anonymous@rtsp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com:2121/...",
+                "rtsp://username:password@rtsp.android.com:2121/");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_notSupport() {
+        checkToSafeString("unsupported://ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret",
+                "unsupported://ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret");
+        checkToSafeString("unsupported:ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret",
+                "unsupported:ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret");
+    }
+
+    private void checkToSafeString(String expectedSafeString, String original) {
+        assertEquals(expectedSafeString, Uri.parse(original).toSafeString());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizerTest.java
index 7076ea2..2d615bb 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizerTest.java
@@ -170,6 +170,12 @@
         String initialPercentSign = "title=%B5";
         assertEquals(expectedPlus, uqs.unescape(initialPlus));
         assertEquals(expectedPercentSignHex, uqs.unescape(initialPercentSign));
+        String expectedPlusThenPercentSign = "Joe Random, User";
+        String plusThenPercentSign = "Joe+Random%2C%20User";
+        assertEquals(expectedPlusThenPercentSign, uqs.unescape(plusThenPercentSign));
+        String expectedPercentSignThenPlus = "Joe, Random User";
+        String percentSignThenPlus = "Joe%2C+Random+User";
+        assertEquals(expectedPercentSignThenPlus, uqs.unescape(percentSignThenPlus));
 
         assertTrue(uqs.decodeHexDigit('0') >= 0);
         assertTrue(uqs.decodeHexDigit('b') >= 0);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/VpnServiceTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/VpnServiceTest.java
index 8bdd7b0..15af23c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/VpnServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/VpnServiceTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.VpnService;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
 import java.io.File;
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 
     private VpnService mVpnService = new VpnService();
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "PackageManager#queryIntentActivities cannot access in instant app mode")
     public void testPrepare() throws Exception {
         // Should never return null since we are not prepared.
         Intent intent = VpnService.prepare(mContext);
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testProtect_DatagramSocket() throws Exception {
         DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
         try {
@@ -88,6 +91,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testProtect_int() throws Exception {
         DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
         ParcelFileDescriptor descriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromDatagramSocket(socket);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/ApacheHttpClientTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/ApacheHttpClientTest.java
index 2e5306d..8d7dff0 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/ApacheHttpClientTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/ApacheHttpClientTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
 
 import android.net.Uri;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.webkit.cts.CtsTestServer;
 
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 public class ApacheHttpClientTest extends AndroidTestCase {
 
     private static final int NUM_DOWNLOADS = 20;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/HttpResponseCacheTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/HttpResponseCacheTest.java
index 198f973..354954e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/HttpResponseCacheTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/HttpResponseCacheTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 import android.net.http.HttpResponseCache;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.FileUtils;
 
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@
      * Make sure that statistics tracking are wired all the way through the
      * wrapper class. http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=25418
      */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
     public void testStatisticsTracking() throws Exception {
         HttpResponseCache cache = HttpResponseCache.install(cacheDir, 10 * 1024 * 1024);
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslCertificateTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslCertificateTest.java
index 70ae496..95f415c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslCertificateTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslCertificateTest.java
@@ -230,6 +230,19 @@
         final String EXPECTED = "Issued to: c=ccc,o=testOName,ou=testUName,cn=testCName;\n"
             + "Issued by: e=aeei,c=adb,o=testOName,ou=testUName,cn=testCName;\n";
         assertEquals(EXPECTED, ssl.toString());
+        assertNull(ssl.getX509Certificate());
     }
 
+    public void testGetX509Certificate() {
+        final String TO = "c=ccc,o=testOName,ou=testUName,cn=testCName";
+        final String BY = "e=aeei,c=adb,o=testOName,ou=testUName,cn=testCName";
+        Date validNotBefore = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - 1000);
+        Date validNotAfter = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
+        SslCertificate ssl = new SslCertificate(TO, BY, validNotBefore, validNotAfter);
+        assertNull(ssl.getX509Certificate());
+
+        X509Certificate cert = new MockX509Certificate();
+        ssl = new SslCertificate(cert);
+        assertSame(cert, ssl.getX509Certificate());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslErrorTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslErrorTest.java
index 850a8b6..0058c90 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslErrorTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/http/cts/SslErrorTest.java
@@ -77,4 +77,9 @@
         SslError error = new SslError(SslError.SSL_EXPIRED, mCertificate);
         assertEquals(error.getUrl(), "");
     }
+
+    public void testGetCertificate() {
+        SslError error = new SslError(SslError.SSL_EXPIRED, mCertificate);
+        assertEquals(mCertificate, error.getCertificate());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/ipv6/cts/PingTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/ipv6/cts/PingTest.java
index c23ad30..146fd83 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/ipv6/cts/PingTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/ipv6/cts/PingTest.java
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
     /** The beginning of an ICMPv6 echo request: type, code, and uninitialized checksum. */
     private static final byte[] PING_HEADER = new byte[] {
-        (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00
+        (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00
     };
 
     /**
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
         byte[] response = new byte[bytesRead];
         responseBuffer.flip();
         responseBuffer.get(response, 0, bytesRead);
-        assertEquals((byte) 0x81, response[0]);
+        assertEquals((byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, response[0]);
 
         // Find out what ICMP ID was used in the packet that was sent.
         int id = ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(s)).getPort();
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioGroupTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioGroupTest.java
index f06d7e9..1bd7fad 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioGroupTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioGroupTest.java
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@
 import android.net.rtp.AudioGroup;
 import android.net.rtp.AudioStream;
 import android.net.rtp.RtpStream;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-import android.util.Log;
 
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "RtpStream cannot create in instant app mode")
 public class AudioGroupTest extends AndroidTestCase {
 
     private static final String TAG = AudioGroupTest.class.getSimpleName();
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioStreamTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioStreamTest.java
index 323b022..f2db6ee 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioStreamTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioStreamTest.java
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@
 
 import android.net.rtp.AudioCodec;
 import android.net.rtp.AudioStream;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "RtpStream cannot create in instant app mode")
 public class AudioStreamTest extends AndroidTestCase {
 
     private void testRtpStream(InetAddress address) throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/aware/cts/SingleDeviceTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/aware/cts/SingleDeviceTest.java
index 7277553..d823105 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/aware/cts/SingleDeviceTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/aware/cts/SingleDeviceTest.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.aware.WifiAwareSession;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
 import java.util.ArrayDeque;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
  * Wi-Fi Aware CTS test suite: single device testing. Performs tests on a single
  * device to validate Wi-Fi Aware.
  */
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiAwareManager in instant app mode")
 public class SingleDeviceTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private static final String TAG = "WifiAwareCtsTests";
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ConcurrencyTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ConcurrencyTest.java
index a066ba8..2da3ffc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ConcurrencyTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ConcurrencyTest.java
@@ -29,11 +29,14 @@
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager;
 import static android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED;
+
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class ConcurrencyTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private class MySync {
         int expectedWifiState;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/NsdManagerTest.java
index 2e2e75b..f2a2b48 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
 
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 public class NsdManagerTest extends AndroidTestCase {
 
     private static final String TAG = "NsdManagerTest";
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ScanResultTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ScanResultTest.java
index 8a22bef..839881f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ScanResultTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/ScanResultTest.java
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@
 import android.net.wifi.ScanResult;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.WifiLock;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class ScanResultTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private static class MySync {
         int expectedState = STATE_NULL;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiConfigurationTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiConfigurationTest.java
index 4480a24..a59c85e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiConfigurationTest.java
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class WifiConfigurationTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private  WifiManager mWifiManager;
     @Override
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiEnterpriseConfigTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiEnterpriseConfigTest.java
index d3235da..77a2583 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiEnterpriseConfigTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiEnterpriseConfigTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.WifiEnterpriseConfig.Eap;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiEnterpriseConfig.Phase2;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
 import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class WifiEnterpriseConfigTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private  WifiManager mWifiManager;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiInfoTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiInfoTest.java
index 5983cb7..a05646e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiInfoTest.java
@@ -26,12 +26,14 @@
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.WifiLock;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiSsid;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PollingCheck;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class WifiInfoTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private static class MySync {
         int expectedState = STATE_NULL;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java
index 2ed0124..31c721e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.hotspot2.pps.Credential;
 import android.net.wifi.hotspot2.pps.HomeSp;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class WifiManagerTest extends AndroidTestCase {
     private static class MySync {
         int expectedState = STATE_NULL;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManager_WifiLockTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManager_WifiLockTest.java
index 3cdd56a..f7efe4c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManager_WifiLockTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManager_WifiLockTest.java
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.WifiLock;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class WifiManager_WifiLockTest extends AndroidTestCase {
 
     private static final String WIFI_TAG = "WifiManager_WifiLockTest";
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/rtt/cts/WifiRttTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/rtt/cts/WifiRttTest.java
index 74a0c3d..adb4ce8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/rtt/cts/WifiRttTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/rtt/cts/WifiRttTest.java
@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 
 package android.net.wifi.rtt.cts;
 
-import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.net.wifi.ScanResult;
 import android.net.wifi.rtt.RangingRequest;
 import android.net.wifi.rtt.RangingResult;
-import android.net.wifi.rtt.WifiRttManager;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.DeviceReportLog;
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ResultType;
@@ -33,6 +32,7 @@
 /**
  * Wi-Fi RTT CTS test: range to all available Access Points which support IEEE 802.11mc.
  */
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
 public class WifiRttTest extends TestBase {
     // Number of scans to do while searching for APs supporting IEEE 802.11mc
     private static final int NUM_SCANS_SEARCHING_FOR_IEEE80211MC_AP = 2;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f94613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// Common utilities for cts net tests.
+java_library {
+    name: "cts-net-utils",
+    srcs: ["java/**/*.java", "java/**/*.kt"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "junit",
+    ],
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e19d2ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.util;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public final class CtsNetUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = CtsNetUtils.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int DURATION = 10000;
+    private static final int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+
+    public static final int HTTP_PORT = 80;
+    public static final String TEST_HOST = "connectivitycheck.gstatic.com";
+    public static final String HTTP_REQUEST =
+            "GET /generate_204 HTTP/1.0\r\n" +
+                    "Host: " + TEST_HOST + "\r\n" +
+                    "Connection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n";
+    // Action sent to ConnectivityActionReceiver when a network callback is sent via PendingIntent.
+    public static final String NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION =
+            "ConnectivityManagerTest.NetworkCallbackAction";
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private WifiManager mWifiManager;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mCellNetworkCallback;
+
+    public CtsNetUtils(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mCm = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mWifiManager = (WifiManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    // Toggle WiFi twice, leaving it in the state it started in
+    public void toggleWifi() {
+        if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
+            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
+            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
+            connectToWifi();
+        } else {
+            connectToWifi();
+            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
+            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Enable WiFi and wait for it to become connected to a network. */
+    public Network connectToWifi() {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        Network wifiNetwork = null;
+
+        ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
+                mCm, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED);
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+        boolean connected = false;
+        try {
+            SystemUtil.runShellCommand("svc wifi enable");
+            // Ensure we get both an onAvailable callback and a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
+            wifiNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
+            assertNotNull(wifiNetwork);
+            connected = receiver.waitForState();
+        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+            fail("connectToWifi was interrupted");
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Wifi must be configured to connect to an access point for this test.",
+                connected);
+        return wifiNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /** Disable WiFi and wait for it to become disconnected from the network. */
+    public void disconnectFromWifi(Network wifiNetworkToCheck) {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        Network lostWifiNetwork = null;
+
+        ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
+                mCm, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED);
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+        // Assert that we can establish a TCP connection on wifi.
+        Socket wifiBoundSocket = null;
+        if (wifiNetworkToCheck != null) {
+            try {
+                wifiBoundSocket = getBoundSocket(wifiNetworkToCheck, TEST_HOST, HTTP_PORT);
+                testHttpRequest(wifiBoundSocket);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                fail("HTTP request before wifi disconnected failed with: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean disconnected = false;
+        try {
+            SystemUtil.runShellCommand("svc wifi disable");
+            // Ensure we get both an onLost callback and a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
+            lostWifiNetwork = callback.waitForLost();
+            assertNotNull(lostWifiNetwork);
+            disconnected = receiver.waitForState();
+        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+            fail("disconnectFromWifi was interrupted");
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Wifi failed to reach DISCONNECTED state.", disconnected);
+
+        // Check that the socket is closed when wifi disconnects.
+        if (wifiBoundSocket != null) {
+            try {
+                testHttpRequest(wifiBoundSocket);
+                fail("HTTP request should not succeed after wifi disconnects");
+            } catch (IOException expected) {
+                assertEquals(Os.strerror(OsConstants.ECONNABORTED), expected.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Network getWifiNetwork() {
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        Network network = null;
+        try {
+            network = callback.waitForAvailable();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            fail("NetworkCallback wait was interrupted.");
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        }
+        assertNotNull("Cannot find Network for wifi. Is wifi connected?", network);
+        return network;
+    }
+
+    public Network connectToCell() throws InterruptedException {
+        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already connected");
+        }
+        NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        mCellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, mCellNetworkCallback);
+        final Network cellNetwork = mCellNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull("Cell network not available. " +
+                "Please ensure the device has working mobile data.", cellNetwork);
+        return cellNetwork;
+    }
+
+    public void disconnectFromCell() {
+        if (!cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cell connection not attempted");
+        }
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mCellNetworkCallback);
+        mCellNetworkCallback = null;
+    }
+
+    public boolean cellConnectAttempted() {
+        return mCellNetworkCallback != null;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest makeWifiNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private void testHttpRequest(Socket s) throws IOException {
+        OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
+        InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
+
+        final byte[] requestBytes = HTTP_REQUEST.getBytes("UTF-8");
+        byte[] responseBytes = new byte[4096];
+        out.write(requestBytes);
+        in.read(responseBytes);
+        assertTrue(new String(responseBytes, "UTF-8").startsWith("HTTP/1.0 204 No Content\r\n"));
+    }
+
+    private Socket getBoundSocket(Network network, String host, int port) throws IOException {
+        InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
+        Socket s = network.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
+        try {
+            s.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            s.connect(addr, SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            s.close();
+            throw e;
+        }
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receiver that captures the last connectivity change's network type and state. Recognizes
+     * both {@code CONNECTIVITY_ACTION} and {@code NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION} intents.
+     */
+    public static class ConnectivityActionReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+
+        private final CountDownLatch mReceiveLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        private final int mNetworkType;
+        private final NetworkInfo.State mNetState;
+        private final ConnectivityManager mCm;
+
+        public ConnectivityActionReceiver(ConnectivityManager cm, int networkType,
+                NetworkInfo.State netState) {
+            this.mCm = cm;
+            mNetworkType = networkType;
+            mNetState = netState;
+        }
+
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            String action = intent.getAction();
+            NetworkInfo networkInfo = null;
+
+            // When receiving ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION, the NetworkInfo parcelable
+            // is stored in EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO. With a NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION, the Network is
+            // sent in EXTRA_NETWORK and we need to ask the ConnectivityManager for the NetworkInfo.
+            if (ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+                networkInfo = intent.getExtras()
+                        .getParcelable(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
+                assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver expected EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO",
+                        networkInfo);
+            } else if (NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+                Network network = intent.getExtras()
+                        .getParcelable(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK);
+                assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver expected EXTRA_NETWORK", network);
+                networkInfo = this.mCm.getNetworkInfo(network);
+                if (networkInfo == null) {
+                    // When disconnecting, it seems like we get an intent sent with an invalid
+                    // Network; that is, by the time we call ConnectivityManager.getNetworkInfo(),
+                    // it is invalid. Ignore these.
+                    Log.i(TAG, "ConnectivityActionReceiver NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION ignoring "
+                            + "invalid network");
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else {
+                fail("ConnectivityActionReceiver received unxpected intent action: " + action);
+            }
+
+            assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver didn't find NetworkInfo", networkInfo);
+            int networkType = networkInfo.getType();
+            State networkState = networkInfo.getState();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Network type: " + networkType + " state: " + networkState);
+            if (networkType == mNetworkType && networkInfo.getState() == mNetState) {
+                mReceiveLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForState() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mReceiveLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback used in testRegisterNetworkCallback that allows caller to block on
+     * {@code onAvailable}.
+     */
+    public static class TestNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+        private final CountDownLatch mAvailableLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mLostLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mUnavailableLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        public Network currentNetwork;
+        public Network lastLostNetwork;
+
+        public Network waitForAvailable() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mAvailableLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS) ? currentNetwork : null;
+        }
+
+        public Network waitForLost() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLostLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS) ? lastLostNetwork : null;
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForUnavailable() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mUnavailableLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        }
+
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+            currentNetwork = network;
+            mAvailableLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(Network network) {
+            lastLostNetwork = network;
+            if (network.equals(currentNetwork)) {
+                currentNetwork = null;
+            }
+            mLostLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnavailable() {
+            mUnavailableLatch.countDown();
+        }
+    }
+}