diff --git a/staticlibs/Android.bp b/staticlibs/Android.bp
index f4799f0..17372dc 100644
--- a/staticlibs/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/Android.bp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
         "//frameworks/opt/net/ike",
         "//frameworks/opt/net/wifi/service",
         "//frameworks/opt/net/telephony",
-        "//packages/modules/NetworkStack",
+        "//packages/modules/NetworkStack:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin",
         "//frameworks/libs/net/common/tests:__subpackages__",
   ],
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/android/net/util/Struct.java b/staticlibs/device/android/net/util/Struct.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0c763e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/android/net/util/Struct.java
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+/**
+ * Define a generic class that helps to parse the structured message.
+ *
+ * Example usage:
+ *
+ *    // C-style NduserOption message header definition in the kernel:
+ *    struct nduseroptmsg {
+ *        unsigned char nduseropt_family;
+ *        unsigned char nduseropt_pad1;
+ *        unsigned short nduseropt_opts_len;
+ *        int nduseropt_ifindex;
+ *        __u8 nduseropt_icmp_type;
+ *        __u8 nduseropt_icmp_code;
+ *        unsigned short nduseropt_pad2;
+ *        unsigned int nduseropt_pad3;
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    - Declare a subclass with explicit constructor or not which extends from this class to parse
+ *      NduserOption header from raw bytes array.
+ *
+ *    - Option w/ explicit constructor:
+ *      static class NduserOptHeaderMessage extends Struct {
+ *          @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+ *          final short family;
+ *          @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+ *          final int len;
+ *          @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+ *          final int ifindex;
+ *          @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+ *          final short type;
+ *          @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+ *          final short code;
+ *
+ *          NduserOptHeaderMessage(final short family, final int len, final int ifindex,
+ *                  final short type, final short code) {
+ *              this.family = family;
+ *              this.len = len;
+ *              this.ifindex = ifindex;
+ *              this.type = type;
+ *              this.code = code;
+ *          }
+ *      }
+ *
+ *      - Option w/o explicit constructor:
+ *        static class NduserOptHeaderMessage extends Struct {
+ *            @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+ *            short family;
+ *            @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+ *            int len;
+ *            @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+ *            int ifindex;
+ *            @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+ *            short type;
+ *            @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+ *            short code;
+ *        }
+ *
+ *    - Parse the target message and refer the members.
+ *      final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(RAW_BYTES_ARRAY);
+ *      buf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+ *      final NduserOptHeaderMessage nduserHdrMsg = Struct.parse(NduserOptHeaderMessage.class, buf);
+ *      assertEquals(10, nduserHdrMsg.family);
+ */
+public class Struct {
+    public enum Type {
+        U8,        // unsigned byte,  size = 1 byte
+        U16,       // unsigned short, size = 2 bytes
+        U32,       // unsigned int,   size = 4 bytes
+        U64,       // unsigned long,  size = 8 bytes
+        S8,        // signed byte,    size = 1 byte
+        S16,       // signed short,   size = 2 bytes
+        S32,       // signed int,     size = 4 bytes
+        S64,       // signed long,    size = 8 bytes
+        BE16,      // unsigned short in network order, size = 2 bytes
+        BE32,      // unsigned int in network order,   size = 4 bytes
+        BE64,      // unsigned long in network order,  size = 8 bytes
+        ByteArray, // byte array with predefined length
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the field marked with this annotation will automatically be managed by this
+     * class (e.g., will be parsed by #parse).
+     *
+     * order:     The placeholder associated with each field, consecutive order starting from zero.
+     * type:      The primitive data type listed in above Type enumeration.
+     * padding:   Padding bytes appear after the field for alignment.
+     * arraysize: The length of byte array.
+     *
+     * Annotation associated with field MUST have order and type properties at least, padding
+     * and arraysize properties depend on the specific usage, if these properties are absence,
+     * then default value 0 will be applied.
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+    @Target(ElementType.FIELD)
+    public @interface Field {
+        int order();
+        Type type();
+        int padding() default 0;
+        int arraysize() default 0;
+    }
+
+    private static class FieldInfo {
+        @NonNull
+        public final Field annotation;
+        @NonNull
+        public final java.lang.reflect.Field field;
+
+        FieldInfo(final Field annotation, final java.lang.reflect.Field field) {
+            this.annotation = annotation;
+            this.field = field;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkAnnotationType(final Type type, final Class fieldType) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case U8:
+            case S16:
+                if (fieldType == Short.TYPE) return;
+                break;
+            case U16:
+            case S32:
+            case BE16:
+                if (fieldType == Integer.TYPE) return;
+                break;
+            case U32:
+            case S64:
+            case BE32:
+                if (fieldType == Long.TYPE) return;
+                break;
+            case U64:
+            case BE64:
+                if (fieldType == BigInteger.class || fieldType == Long.TYPE) return;
+                break;
+            case S8:
+                if (fieldType == Byte.TYPE) return;
+                break;
+            case ByteArray:
+                if (fieldType == byte[].class) return;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type" + type);
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid primitive data type: " + fieldType
+                + "for annotation type: " + type);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isStructSubclass(final Class clazz) {
+        return clazz != null && Struct.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) && Struct.class != clazz;
+    }
+
+    private static int getAnnotationFieldCount(final Class clazz) {
+        int count = 0;
+        for (java.lang.reflect.Field field : clazz.getDeclaredFields()) {
+            if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Field.class)) count++;
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean matchModifier(final FieldInfo[] fields, boolean immutable) {
+        for (FieldInfo fi : fields) {
+            if (Modifier.isFinal(fi.field.getModifiers()) != immutable) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasBothMutableAndImmutableFields(final FieldInfo[] fields) {
+        return !matchModifier(fields, true /* immutable */)
+                && !matchModifier(fields, false /* mutable */);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean matchConstructor(final Constructor cons, final FieldInfo[] fields) {
+        final Class[] paramTypes = cons.getParameterTypes();
+        if (paramTypes.length != fields.length) return false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < cons.getParameterTypes().length; i++) {
+            if (!paramTypes[i].equals(fields[i].field.getType())) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static BigInteger readBigInteger(final ByteBuffer buf) {
+        // The magnitude argument of BigInteger constructor is a byte array in big-endian order.
+        // If ByteBuffer is read in little-endian, reverse the order of the bytes is required;
+        // if ByteBuffer is read in big-endian, then just keep it as-is.
+        final byte[] input = new byte[8];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            input[(buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN ? input.length - 1 - i : i)] = buf.get();
+        }
+        return new BigInteger(1, input);
+    }
+
+    private static Object getFieldValue(final ByteBuffer buf, final FieldInfo fieldInfo)
+            throws BufferUnderflowException {
+        final Object value;
+        checkAnnotationType(fieldInfo.annotation.type(), fieldInfo.field.getType());
+        switch (fieldInfo.annotation.type()) {
+            case U8:
+                value = (short) (buf.get() & 0xFF);
+                break;
+            case U16:
+                value = (int) (buf.getShort() & 0xFFFF);
+                break;
+            case U32:
+                value = (long) (buf.getInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                break;
+            case U64:
+                if (fieldInfo.field.getType() == BigInteger.class) {
+                    value = readBigInteger(buf);
+                } else {
+                    value = buf.getLong();
+                }
+                break;
+            case S8:
+                value = buf.get();
+                break;
+            case S16:
+                value = buf.getShort();
+                break;
+            case S32:
+                value = buf.getInt();
+                break;
+            case S64:
+                value = buf.getLong();
+                break;
+            case BE16:
+                if (buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
+                    value = (int) (Short.reverseBytes(buf.getShort()) & 0xFFFF);
+                } else {
+                    value = (int) (buf.getShort() & 0xFFFF);
+                }
+                break;
+            case BE32:
+                if (buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
+                    value = (long) (Integer.reverseBytes(buf.getInt()) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                } else {
+                    value = (long) (buf.getInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                }
+                break;
+            case BE64:
+                if (fieldInfo.field.getType() == BigInteger.class) {
+                    value = readBigInteger(buf);
+                } else {
+                    if (buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
+                        value = Long.reverseBytes(buf.getLong());
+                    } else {
+                        value = buf.getLong();
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case ByteArray:
+                final byte[] array = new byte[fieldInfo.annotation.arraysize()];
+                buf.get(array);
+                value = array;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type:" + fieldInfo.annotation.type());
+        }
+
+        // Skip the padding data for alignment if any.
+        if (fieldInfo.annotation.padding() > 0) {
+            buf.position(buf.position() + fieldInfo.annotation.padding());
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    private static FieldInfo[] getClassFieldInfo(final Class clazz) {
+        final FieldInfo[] annotationFields = new FieldInfo[getAnnotationFieldCount(clazz)];
+
+        // Since array returned from Class#getDeclaredFields doesn't guarantee the actual order
+        // of field appeared in the class, that is a problem when parsing raw data read from
+        // ByteBuffer. Store the fields appeared by the order() defined in the Field annotation.
+        for (java.lang.reflect.Field field : clazz.getDeclaredFields()) {
+            if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) continue;
+
+            final Field annotation = field.getAnnotation(Field.class);
+            if (annotation == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Field " + field.getName()
+                        + " is missing the " + Field.class.getSimpleName()
+                        + " annotation");
+            }
+            if (annotation.order() < 0 || annotation.order() >= annotationFields.length) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Annotation order: " + annotation.order()
+                        + " is negative or non-consecutive");
+            }
+            if (annotationFields[annotation.order()] != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duplicated annotation order: "
+                        + annotation.order());
+            }
+            annotationFields[annotation.order()] = new FieldInfo(annotation, field);
+        }
+        return annotationFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse raw data from ByteBuffer according to the pre-defined annotation rule and return
+     * the type-variable object which is subclass of Struct class.
+     *
+     * TODO:
+     * 1. Support subclass inheritance.
+     * 2. Introduce annotation processor to enforce the subclass naming schema.
+     */
+    public static <T> T parse(final Class<T> clazz, final ByteBuffer buf) {
+        try {
+            if (!isStructSubclass(clazz)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(clazz.getName() + " is not a subclass of "
+                        + Struct.class.getName());
+            }
+
+            final FieldInfo[] foundFields = getClassFieldInfo(clazz);
+            if (hasBothMutableAndImmutableFields(foundFields)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class has both immutable and mutable fields");
+            }
+
+            Constructor<?> constructor = null;
+            Constructor<?> defaultConstructor = null;
+            final Constructor<?>[] constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
+            for (Constructor cons : constructors) {
+                if (matchConstructor(cons, foundFields)) constructor = cons;
+                if (cons.getParameterTypes().length == 0) defaultConstructor = cons;
+            }
+
+            if (constructor == null && defaultConstructor == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Fail to find available constructor");
+            }
+            if (constructor != null) {
+                final Object[] args = new Object[constructor.getParameterTypes().length];
+                for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+                    args[i] = getFieldValue(buf, foundFields[i]);
+                }
+                return (T) constructor.newInstance(args);
+            }
+
+            final Object instance = defaultConstructor.newInstance();
+            for (FieldInfo fi : foundFields) {
+                fi.field.set(instance, getFieldValue(buf, fi));
+            }
+            return (T) instance;
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException
+                | InvocationTargetException
+                | InstantiationException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Fail to create a instance from constructor", e);
+        } catch (BufferUnderflowException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Fail to read raw data from ByteBuffer", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jarjar-rules.txt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jarjar-rules.txt
index fceccfb..0f131b2 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jarjar-rules.txt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # TODO: move the classes to the target package in java
-rule android.net.util.IpRange* com.android.net.module.util.IpRange@1
-rule android.net.util.MacAddressUtils* com.android.net.module.util.MacAddressUtils@1
-rule android.net.util.LinkPropertiesUtils* com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils@1
-rule android.net.util.NetUtils* com.android.net.module.util.NetUtils@1
-rule android.net.util.nsd.** com.android.net.module.util.nsd.@1
+rule android.net.util.IpRange* com.android.net.moduletests.util.IpRange@1
+rule android.net.util.MacAddressUtils* com.android.net.moduletests.util.MacAddressUtils@1
+rule android.net.util.LinkPropertiesUtils* com.android.net.moduletests.util.LinkPropertiesUtils@1
+rule android.net.util.NetUtils* com.android.net.moduletests.util.NetUtils@1
+rule android.net.util.nsd.** com.android.net.moduletests.util.nsd.@1
+rule com.android.net.module.util.** com.android.net.moduletests.util.@1
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/android/net/util/StructTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/android/net/util/StructTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d35891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/android/net/util/StructTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.util.Struct.Field;
+import android.net.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructTest {
+
+    // IPv6, 0 bytes of options, ifindex 15715755: 0x00efcdab, type 134 (RA), code 0, padding.
+    private static final String HDR_EMPTY = "0a00" + "0000" + "abcdef00" + "8600000000000000";
+
+    // BE16: 0xfeff, BE32: 0xfeffffff, BE64: 0xfffffffffffffffe, 0x7effffffffffffff
+    private static final String NETWORK_ORDER_MSG = "feff" + "feffffff" + "fffffffffffffffe"
+            + "7effffffffffffff";
+
+    // S8: 0x7f, S16: 0x7fff, S32: 0x7fffffff, S64: 0x7fffffffffffffff
+    private static final String SIGNED_DATA = "7f" + "ff7f" + "ffffff7f" + "ffffffffffffff7f";
+
+    // nS8: 0x81, nS16: 0x8001, nS32: 0x80000001, nS64: 800000000000000001
+    private static final String SIGNED_NEGATIVE_DATA = "81" + "0180" + "01000080"
+            + "0100000000000080";
+
+    // U8: 0xff, U16: 0xffff, U32: 0xffffffff, U64: 0xffffffffffffffff, U63: 0x7fffffffffffffff;
+    private static final String UNSIGNED_DATA = "ff" + "ffff" + "ffffffff" + "ffffffffffffffff"
+            + "ffffffffffffff7f";
+
+    // PREF64 option, 2001:db8:3:4:5:6::/96, lifetime: 10064
+    private static final String OPT_PREF64 = "2750" + "20010db80003000400050006";
+
+    private <T> T doParsingMessageTest(final String hexString, Class<T> clazz) {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(hexString);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        return Struct.parse(clazz, buf);
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMsgWithConstructor extends Struct {
+        static int sType;
+        static int sLength;
+
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        final short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        final int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        final int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        final short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        final short mIcmpCode;
+
+        HeaderMsgWithConstructor(final short family, final int len, final int ifindex,
+                final short type, final short code) {
+            mFamily = family;
+            mLen = len;
+            mIfindex = ifindex;
+            mIcmpType = type;
+            mIcmpCode = code;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClassWithExplicitConstructor() {
+        final HeaderMsgWithConstructor msg = doParsingMessageTest(HDR_EMPTY,
+                HeaderMsgWithConstructor.class);
+        assertEquals(10, msg.mFamily);
+        assertEquals(0, msg.mLen);
+        assertEquals(15715755, msg.mIfindex);
+        assertEquals(134, msg.mIcmpType);
+        assertEquals(0, msg.mIcmpCode);
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMsgWithoutConstructor extends Struct {
+        static int sType;
+        static int sLength;
+
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        short mIcmpCode;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClassWithDefaultConstrcutor() {
+        final HeaderMsgWithoutConstructor msg = doParsingMessageTest(HDR_EMPTY,
+                HeaderMsgWithoutConstructor.class);
+        assertEquals(10, msg.mFamily);
+        assertEquals(0, msg.mLen);
+        assertEquals(15715755, msg.mIfindex);
+        assertEquals(134, msg.mIcmpType);
+        assertEquals(0, msg.mIcmpCode);
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMessage {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        short mIcmpCode;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidClass_NotSubClass() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(HDR_EMPTY);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(HeaderMessage.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMessageMissingAnnotation extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        int mLen;
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        short mIcmpCode;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidClass_MissingAnnotationField() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(HDR_EMPTY);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(HeaderMessageMissingAnnotation.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class NetworkOrderMessage extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.BE16)
+        final int mBE16;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.BE32)
+        final long mBE32;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.BE64)
+        final BigInteger mBE64;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.BE64)
+        final long mBE63;
+
+        NetworkOrderMessage(final int be16, final long be32, final BigInteger be64,
+                final long be63) {
+            mBE16 = be16;
+            mBE32 = be32;
+            mBE64 = be64;
+            mBE63 = be63;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkOrder() {
+        final NetworkOrderMessage msg = doParsingMessageTest(NETWORK_ORDER_MSG,
+                NetworkOrderMessage.class);
+        assertEquals(65279, msg.mBE16);
+        assertEquals(4278190079L, msg.mBE32);
+        assertEquals(new BigInteger("18374686479671623679"), msg.mBE64);
+        assertEquals(9151314442816847871L, msg.mBE63);
+    }
+
+    static class UnsignedDataMessage extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8)
+        final short mU8;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        final int mU16;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
+        final long mU32;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U64)
+        final BigInteger mU64;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U64)
+        final long mU63;
+
+        UnsignedDataMessage(final short u8, final int u16, final long u32, final BigInteger u64,
+                final long u63) {
+            mU8 = u8;
+            mU16 = u16;
+            mU32 = u32;
+            mU64 = u64;
+            mU63 = u63;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnsignedData() {
+        final UnsignedDataMessage msg = doParsingMessageTest(UNSIGNED_DATA,
+                UnsignedDataMessage.class);
+        assertEquals(255, msg.mU8);
+        assertEquals(65535, msg.mU16);
+        assertEquals(4294967295L, msg.mU32);
+        assertEquals(new BigInteger("18446744073709551615"), msg.mU64);
+        assertEquals(9223372036854775807L, msg.mU63);
+    }
+
+    static class SignedDataMessage extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S8)
+        final byte mS8;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.S16)
+        final short mS16;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        final int mS32;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.S64)
+        final long mS64;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.S8)
+        final byte mNS8;
+        @Field(order = 5, type = Type.S16)
+        final short mNS16;
+        @Field(order = 6, type = Type.S32)
+        final int mNS32;
+        @Field(order = 7, type = Type.S64)
+        final long mNS64;
+
+        SignedDataMessage(final byte s8, final short s16, final int s32, final long s64,
+                final byte nS8, final short nS16, final int nS32, final long nS64) {
+            mS8 = s8;
+            mS16 = s16;
+            mS32 = s32;
+            mS64 = s64;
+            mNS8 = nS8;
+            mNS16 = nS16;
+            mNS32 = nS32;
+            mNS64 = nS64;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSignedData() {
+        final SignedDataMessage msg = doParsingMessageTest(SIGNED_DATA + SIGNED_NEGATIVE_DATA,
+                SignedDataMessage.class);
+        assertEquals(127, msg.mS8);
+        assertEquals(32767, msg.mS16);
+        assertEquals(2147483647, msg.mS32);
+        assertEquals(9223372036854775807L, msg.mS64);
+
+        assertEquals(-127, msg.mNS8);
+        assertEquals(-32767, msg.mNS16);
+        assertEquals(-2147483647, msg.mNS32);
+        assertEquals(-9223372036854775807L, msg.mNS64);
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMessageWithDuplicateOrder extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        short mIcmpCode;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidClass_DuplicateFieldOrder() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(HDR_EMPTY);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(HeaderMessageWithDuplicateOrder.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMessageWithNegativeOrder extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = -4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        short mIcmpCode;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidClass_NegativeFieldOrder() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(HDR_EMPTY);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(HeaderMessageWithNegativeOrder.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMessageOutOfIndexBounds extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        short mIcmpCode;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidClass_OutOfIndexBounds() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(HDR_EMPTY);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(HeaderMessageOutOfIndexBounds.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMessageMismatchedPrimitiveType extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        short mLen; // should be integer
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        short mIcmpCode;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidClass_MismatchedPrimitiveDataType() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(HDR_EMPTY);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(HeaderMessageMismatchedPrimitiveType.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class PrefixMessage extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.BE16)
+        final int mLifetime;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 12)
+        final byte[] mPrefix;
+
+        PrefixMessage(final int lifetime, final byte[] prefix) {
+            mLifetime = lifetime;
+            mPrefix = prefix;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrefixArrayField() throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(OPT_PREF64);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+        // The original PREF64 option message has just 12 bytes for prefix byte array
+        // (Highest 96 bits of the Prefix), copyOf pads the 128-bits IPv6 address with
+        // prefix and 4-bytes zeros.
+        final PrefixMessage msg = Struct.parse(PrefixMessage.class, buf);
+        final InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByAddress(Arrays.copyOf(msg.mPrefix, 16));
+        final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix(addr, 96);
+        assertEquals(10064, msg.mLifetime);
+        assertTrue(prefix.equals(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:3:4:5:6::/96")));
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMessageWithMutableField extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        final short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        final int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        final short mIcmpCode;
+
+        HeaderMessageWithMutableField(final short family, final int len, final short code) {
+            mFamily = family;
+            mLen = len;
+            mIcmpCode = code;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMixMutableAndImmutableFields() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer(HDR_EMPTY);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(HeaderMessageWithMutableField.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class HeaderMsgWithStaticConstant extends Struct {
+        private static final String TAG = "HeaderMessage";
+        private static final int FIELD_COUNT = 5;
+
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+        final short mFamily;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
+        final int mLen;
+        @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+        final int mIfindex;
+        @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
+        final short mIcmpType;
+        @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
+        final short mIcmpCode;
+
+        HeaderMsgWithStaticConstant(final short family, final int len, final int ifindex,
+                final short type, final short code) {
+            mFamily = family;
+            mLen = len;
+            mIfindex = ifindex;
+            mIcmpType = type;
+            mIcmpCode = code;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStaticConstantField() {
+        final HeaderMsgWithStaticConstant msg = doParsingMessageTest(HDR_EMPTY,
+                HeaderMsgWithStaticConstant.class);
+        assertEquals(10, msg.mFamily);
+        assertEquals(0, msg.mLen);
+        assertEquals(15715755, msg.mIfindex);
+        assertEquals(134, msg.mIcmpType);
+        assertEquals(0, msg.mIcmpCode);
+    }
+
+    static class MismatchedConstructor extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U16) final int mInt1;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16) final int mInt2;
+        MismatchedConstructor(String int1, String int2) {
+            mInt1 = Integer.valueOf(int1);
+            mInt2 = Integer.valueOf(int2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMisMatchedConstructor() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = toByteBuffer("1234" + "5678");
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> Struct.parse(MismatchedConstructor.class, buf));
+    }
+
+    static class ClassWithTwoConstructors extends Struct {
+        @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U16) final int mInt1;
+        @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16) final int mInt2;
+        ClassWithTwoConstructors(String int1, String int2) {
+            mInt1 = Integer.valueOf(int1);
+            mInt2 = Integer.valueOf(int2);
+        }
+        ClassWithTwoConstructors(int int1, int int2) {
+            mInt1 = int1;
+            mInt2 = int2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClassWithTwoConstructors() {
+        final ClassWithTwoConstructors msg = doParsingMessageTest("1234" + "5678",
+                ClassWithTwoConstructors.class);
+        assertEquals(13330 /* 0x3412 */, msg.mInt1);
+        assertEquals(30806 /* 0x7856 */, msg.mInt2);
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer toByteBuffer(final String hexString) {
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(hexString));
+    }
+}