diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.mk b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.mk
index 887e95e..727a44d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.mk
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.mk
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libnativehelper_compat_libc++ liblog
 LOCAL_CXX_STL := libc++_static
 
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wno-unused-parameter
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter
 
 include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
 
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 # Don't include this package in any configuration by default.
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := NativeMultinetworkJni.c
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -Wno-format
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(JNI_H_INCLUDE)
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libandroid libnativehelper_compat_libc++ liblog
 LOCAL_CXX_STL := libc++_static
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
index bcecee1..6348d04 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
@@ -40,34 +42,36 @@
 
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
 
-    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4;
-    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_6;
-
-    static {
+    private static InetAddress IpAddress(String addrString) {
         try {
-            // Google Public DNS Addresses;
-            GOOGLE_DNS_4 = InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8");
-            GOOGLE_DNS_6 = InetAddress.getByName("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+            return InetAddress.getByName(addrString);
         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("Could not resolve DNS Addresses", e);
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid IP address: " + e);
         }
     }
 
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4 = IpAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_6 = IpAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+    private static final InetAddress LOOPBACK_4 = IpAddress("127.0.0.1");
+
     private static final InetAddress[] GOOGLE_DNS_LIST =
             new InetAddress[] {GOOGLE_DNS_4, GOOGLE_DNS_6};
 
     private static final int DROID_SPI = 0xD1201D;
+    private static final int MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS = 10;
 
-    private static final byte[] CRYPT_KEY =
-            new byte[] {
-                0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D,
-                0x0E, 0x0F
-            };
-    private static final byte[] AUTH_KEY =
-            new byte[] {
-                0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-                0x00, 0x7F
-            };
+    private static final byte[] CRYPT_KEY = {
+        0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+        0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
+        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+        0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F
+    };
+    private static final byte[] AUTH_KEY = {
+        0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F,
+        0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F
+    };
 
     protected void setUp() throws Exception {
         super.setUp();
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@
      * send data (expect exception)
      */
     public void testCreateTransform() throws Exception {
-        InetAddress local = InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress();
+        InetAddress local = LOOPBACK_4;
         IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
                 mISM.reserveSecurityParameterIndex(IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_OUT, local);
 
@@ -151,8 +155,9 @@
                                         CRYPT_KEY.length * 8))
                         .buildTransportModeTransform(local);
 
-        // Hack to ensure the socket doesn't block indefinitely on failure
-        DatagramSocket localSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
+        // Bind localSocket to a random available port.
+        DatagramSocket localSocket = new DatagramSocket(0);
+        int localPort = localSocket.getLocalPort();
         localSocket.setSoTimeout(500);
         ParcelFileDescriptor pin = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromDatagramSocket(localSocket);
         FileDescriptor udpSocket = pin.getFileDescriptor();
@@ -161,11 +166,238 @@
         byte[] data = new String("Best test data ever!").getBytes("UTF-8");
 
         byte[] in = new byte[data.length];
-        Os.sendto(udpSocket, data, 0, data.length, 0, local, 8888);
+        Os.sendto(udpSocket, data, 0, data.length, 0, local, localPort);
         Os.read(udpSocket, in, 0, in.length);
         assertTrue("Encapsulated data did not match.", Arrays.equals(data, in));
         mISM.removeTransportModeTransform(udpSocket, transform);
         Os.close(udpSocket);
         transform.close();
     }
+
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapSocketSpecificPort() throws Exception {
+        IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = null;
+        int port = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            try {
+                port = findUnusedPort();
+                encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(port);
+                break;
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                if (e.errno == OsConstants.EADDRINUSE) {
+                    // Someone claimed the port since we called findUnusedPort.
+                    continue;
+                }
+                throw e;
+            } finally {
+                if (encapSocket != null) {
+                    encapSocket.close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (encapSocket == null) {
+            fail("Failed " + MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS + " attempts to bind to a port");
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Returned invalid port", encapSocket.getPort() == port);
+    }
+
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapSocketRandomPort() throws Exception {
+        try (IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+            assertTrue("Returned invalid port", encapSocket.getPort() != 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testUdpEncapsulation() throws Exception {
+        InetAddress local = LOOPBACK_4;
+
+        // TODO: Refactor to make this more representative of a normal application use case. (use
+        // separate sockets for inbound and outbound)
+        // Create SPIs, UDP encap socket
+        try (IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                        mISM.reserveSecurityParameterIndex(IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_OUT, local);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                        mISM.reserveSecurityParameterIndex(
+                                IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_IN, local, outSpi.getSpi());
+                IpSecTransform transform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(mContext, inSpi, outSpi, encapSocket, local)) {
+
+            // Create user socket, apply transform to it
+            FileDescriptor udpSocket = null;
+            try {
+                udpSocket = getTestV4UdpSocket(local);
+                int port = getPort(udpSocket);
+
+                mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(udpSocket, transform);
+
+                // Send an ESP packet from this socket to itself. Since the inbound and
+                // outbound transforms match, we should receive the data we sent.
+                byte[] data = new String("IPSec UDP-encap-ESP test data").getBytes("UTF-8");
+                Os.sendto(udpSocket, data, 0, data.length, 0, local, port);
+                byte[] in = new byte[data.length];
+                Os.read(udpSocket, in, 0, in.length);
+                assertTrue("Encapsulated data did not match.", Arrays.equals(data, in));
+
+                // Send an IKE packet from this socket to itself. IKE packets (SPI of 0)
+                // are not transformed in any way, and should be sent in the clear
+                // We expect this to work too (no inbound transforms)
+                final byte[] header = new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0};
+                final String message = "Sample IKE Packet";
+                data = (new String(header) + message).getBytes("UTF-8");
+                Os.sendto(
+                        encapSocket.getSocket(),
+                        data,
+                        0,
+                        data.length,
+                        0,
+                        local,
+                        encapSocket.getPort());
+                in = new byte[data.length];
+                Os.read(encapSocket.getSocket(), in, 0, in.length);
+                assertTrue(
+                        "Encap socket was unable to send/receive IKE data",
+                        Arrays.equals(data, in));
+
+                mISM.removeTransportModeTransform(udpSocket, transform);
+            } finally {
+                if (udpSocket != null) {
+                    Os.close(udpSocket);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testIke() throws Exception {
+        InetAddress local = LOOPBACK_4;
+
+        // TODO: Refactor to make this more representative of a normal application use case. (use
+        // separate sockets for inbound and outbound)
+        try (IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                        mISM.reserveSecurityParameterIndex(IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_OUT, local);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                        mISM.reserveSecurityParameterIndex(IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_IN, local);
+                IpSecTransform transform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(mContext, inSpi, outSpi, encapSocket, local)) {
+
+            // Create user socket, apply transform to it
+            FileDescriptor sock = null;
+
+            try {
+                sock = getTestV4UdpSocket(local);
+                int port = getPort(sock);
+
+                mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(sock, transform);
+
+                // TODO: Find a way to set a timeout on the socket, and assert the ESP packet
+                // doesn't make it through. Setting sockopts currently throws EPERM (possibly
+                // because it is owned by a different UID).
+
+                // Send ESP packet from our socket to the encap socket. The SPIs do not
+                // match, and we should expect this packet to be dropped.
+                byte[] header = new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1};
+                String message = "Sample ESP Packet";
+                byte[] data = (new String(header) + message).getBytes("UTF-8");
+                Os.sendto(sock, data, 0, data.length, 0, local, encapSocket.getPort());
+
+                // Send IKE packet from the encap socket to itself. Since IKE is not
+                // transformed in any way, this should succeed.
+                header = new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0};
+                message = "Sample IKE Packet";
+                data = (new String(header) + message).getBytes("UTF-8");
+                Os.sendto(
+                        encapSocket.getSocket(),
+                        data,
+                        0,
+                        data.length,
+                        0,
+                        local,
+                        encapSocket.getPort());
+
+                // ESP data should be dropped, due to different input SPI (as opposed to being
+                // readable from the encapSocket)
+                // Thus, only IKE data should be received from the socket.
+                // If the first four bytes are zero, assume non-ESP (IKE) traffic.
+                // Expect an nulled out SPI just as we sent out, without being modified.
+                byte[] in = new byte[4];
+                in[0] = 1; // Make sure the array has to be overwritten to pass
+                Os.read(encapSocket.getSocket(), in, 0, in.length);
+                assertTrue(
+                        "Encap socket received UDP-encap-ESP data despite invalid SPIs",
+                        Arrays.equals(header, in));
+
+                mISM.removeTransportModeTransform(sock, transform);
+            } finally {
+                if (sock != null) {
+                    Os.close(sock);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** This function finds an available port */
+    private static int findUnusedPort() throws Exception {
+        // Get an available port.
+        ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(0);
+        int port = s.getLocalPort();
+        s.close();
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecTransform buildIpSecTransform(
+            Context mContext,
+            IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi,
+            IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi,
+            IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket,
+            InetAddress remoteAddr)
+            throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecTransform.Builder(mContext)
+                .setSpi(IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_IN, inSpi)
+                .setSpi(IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_OUT, outSpi)
+                .setEncryption(
+                        IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_IN,
+                        new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY))
+                .setEncryption(
+                        IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_OUT,
+                        new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY))
+                .setAuthentication(
+                        IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_IN,
+                        new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                                IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, AUTH_KEY, AUTH_KEY.length * 4))
+                .setAuthentication(
+                        IpSecTransform.DIRECTION_OUT,
+                        new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                                IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, AUTH_KEY, AUTH_KEY.length * 4))
+                .setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort())
+                .buildTransportModeTransform(remoteAddr);
+    }
+
+    private static int getPort(FileDescriptor sock) throws Exception {
+        return ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(sock)).getPort();
+    }
+
+    private static FileDescriptor getTestV4UdpSocket(InetAddress v4Addr) throws Exception {
+        FileDescriptor sock =
+                Os.socket(OsConstants.AF_INET, OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            try {
+                int port = findUnusedPort();
+                Os.bind(sock, v4Addr, port);
+                break;
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                // Someone claimed the port since we called findUnusedPort.
+                if (e.errno == OsConstants.EADDRINUSE) {
+                    if (i == MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS - 1) {
+
+                        fail("Failed " + MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS + " attempts to bind to a port");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                throw e.rethrowAsIOException();
+            }
+        }
+        return sock;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java
index a849be5..89daca2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/wifi/cts/WifiManagerTest.java
@@ -701,6 +701,12 @@
      */
     private void testAddPasspointConfig(PasspointConfiguration config) throws Exception {
         try {
+
+            // obtain number of passpoint networks already present in device (preloaded)
+            List<PasspointConfiguration> preConfigList = mWifiManager.getPasspointConfigurations();
+            int numOfNetworks = preConfigList.size();
+
+            // add new (test) configuration
             mWifiManager.addOrUpdatePasspointConfiguration(config);
 
             // Certificates and keys will be set to null after it is installed to the KeyStore by
@@ -710,14 +716,23 @@
             config.getCredential().setClientCertificateChain(null);
             config.getCredential().setClientPrivateKey(null);
 
-            // Retrieve the configuration and verify it.
+            // retrieve the configuration and verify it. The retrieved list may not be in order -
+            // check all configs to see if any match
             List<PasspointConfiguration> configList = mWifiManager.getPasspointConfigurations();
-            assertEquals(1, configList.size());
-            assertEquals(config, configList.get(0));
+            assertEquals(numOfNetworks + 1, configList.size());
 
-            // Remove the configuration and verify no installed configuration.
+            boolean anyMatch = false;
+            for (PasspointConfiguration passpointConfiguration : configList) {
+                if (passpointConfiguration.equals(config)) {
+                    anyMatch = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            assertTrue(anyMatch);
+
+            // remove the (test) configuration and verify number of installed configurations
             mWifiManager.removePasspointConfiguration(config.getHomeSp().getFqdn());
-            assertTrue(mWifiManager.getPasspointConfigurations().isEmpty());
+            assertEquals(mWifiManager.getPasspointConfigurations().size(), numOfNetworks);
         } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
             // Passpoint build config |config_wifi_hotspot2_enabled| is disabled, so noop.
         }