diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
index b24e3ac..9e4e4a1 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 lorenzo@google.com
 satk@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
 
-# For cherry-picks of CLs that are already merged in aosp/master, or flaky test fixes.
+# For cherry-picks of CLs that are already merged in aosp/master, flaky test
+# fixes, or no-op refactors.
 jchalard@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
-# In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for APF firmware tests
-# (to verify correct behaviour of the wifi APF interpreter)
+# In addition to cherry-picks, flaky test fixes and no-op refactors, also for
+# APF firmware tests (to verify correct behaviour of the wifi APF interpreter)
 maze@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
-# In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for incremental changes on NsdManager tests
-# to increase coverage for existing behavior, and testing of bug fixes in NsdManager
+# In addition to cherry-picks, flaky test fixes and no-op refactors, also for
+# NsdManager tests
 reminv@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 4cf93a8..47e5d5e 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -267,6 +267,10 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
+    },
+    // TODO: Move to presumit after meet SLO requirement.
+    {
+      "name": "NetworkStaticLibHostPythonTests"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 8a5d249..8ed5ac0 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@
         "block.o",
         "clatd.o",
         "dscpPolicy.o",
-        "gentle.o",
         "netd.o",
         "offload.o",
         "offload@mainline.o",
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
index 9fa073b..39a7540 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
     permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
     lint: {
         strict_updatability_linting: true,
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
     },
     aconfig_declarations: [
         "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
index a287b42..cccafd5 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
     field public static final int TETHERING_INVALID = -1; // 0xffffffff
     field public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_virtual") public static final int TETHERING_VIRTUAL = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3; // 0x3
     field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/lint-baseline.xml b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/lint-baseline.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed5fbb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha08" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha08">
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TETHERING_VIRTUAL` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.tetheringRequestVirtual())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_VIRTUAL) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="    public static final int MAX_TETHERING_TYPE = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;"
+        errorLine2="                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java"
+            line="211"
+            column="50"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
index 7b769d4..8b3102a 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@
     public static class Flags {
         static final String TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG =
                 "com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config";
+        static final String TETHERING_REQUEST_VIRTUAL =
+                "com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_virtual";
     }
 
     private static final String TAG = TetheringManager.class.getSimpleName();
@@ -195,10 +197,18 @@
     public static final int TETHERING_WIGIG = 6;
 
     /**
+     * VIRTUAL tethering type.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_VIRTUAL)
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TETHERING_VIRTUAL = 7;
+
+    /**
      * The int value of last tethering type.
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final int MAX_TETHERING_TYPE = TETHERING_WIGIG;
+    public static final int MAX_TETHERING_TYPE = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@@ -688,7 +698,11 @@
         /** A configuration set for TetheringRequest. */
         private final TetheringRequestParcel mRequestParcel;
 
-        private TetheringRequest(@NonNull final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        public TetheringRequest(@NonNull final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
             mRequestParcel = request;
         }
 
@@ -891,6 +905,28 @@
                     + mRequestParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck + ", showProvisioningUi= "
                     + mRequestParcel.showProvisioningUi + " ]";
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (this == obj) return true;
+            if (!(obj instanceof TetheringRequest otherRequest)) return false;
+            TetheringRequestParcel parcel = getParcel();
+            TetheringRequestParcel otherParcel = otherRequest.getParcel();
+            return parcel.tetheringType == otherParcel.tetheringType
+                    && Objects.equals(parcel.localIPv4Address, otherParcel.localIPv4Address)
+                    && Objects.equals(parcel.staticClientAddress, otherParcel.staticClientAddress)
+                    && parcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck == otherParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
+                    && parcel.showProvisioningUi == otherParcel.showProvisioningUi
+                    && parcel.connectivityScope == otherParcel.connectivityScope;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            TetheringRequestParcel parcel = getParcel();
+            return Objects.hash(parcel.tetheringType, parcel.localIPv4Address,
+                    parcel.staticClientAddress, parcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck,
+                    parcel.showProvisioningUi, parcel.connectivityScope);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index 9e0c970..a213ac4 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.USE_SYNC_SM;
-import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState.isVcnInterface;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringMessageBase.BASE_IPSERVER;
 
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@
 import android.net.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
 import android.net.TetheredClient;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
-import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpLeaseParcelable;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
@@ -75,19 +74,15 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.InterfaceController;
-import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
-import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.ClientInfo;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6DownstreamRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachineShim;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
 
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -189,12 +184,6 @@
             return new DadProxy(handler, ifParams);
         }
 
-        /** Create an IpNeighborMonitor to be used by this IpServer */
-        public IpNeighborMonitor getIpNeighborMonitor(Handler handler, SharedLog log,
-                IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer consumer) {
-            return new IpNeighborMonitor(handler, log, consumer);
-        }
-
         /** Create a RouterAdvertisementDaemon instance to be used by IpServer.*/
         public RouterAdvertisementDaemon getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(InterfaceParams ifParams) {
             return new RouterAdvertisementDaemon(ifParams);
@@ -234,13 +223,11 @@
     public static final int CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED   = BASE_IPSERVER + 9;
     // new IPv6 tethering parameters need to be processed
     public static final int CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE          = BASE_IPSERVER + 10;
-    // new neighbor cache entry on our interface
-    public static final int CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT              = BASE_IPSERVER + 11;
     // request from DHCP server that it wants to have a new prefix
-    public static final int CMD_NEW_PREFIX_REQUEST          = BASE_IPSERVER + 12;
+    public static final int CMD_NEW_PREFIX_REQUEST          = BASE_IPSERVER + 11;
     // request from PrivateAddressCoordinator to restart tethering.
-    public static final int CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT      = BASE_IPSERVER + 13;
-    public static final int CMD_SERVICE_FAILED_TO_START     = BASE_IPSERVER + 14;
+    public static final int CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT      = BASE_IPSERVER + 12;
+    public static final int CMD_SERVICE_FAILED_TO_START     = BASE_IPSERVER + 13;
 
     private final State mInitialState;
     private final State mLocalHotspotState;
@@ -301,18 +288,9 @@
     private List<TetheredClient> mDhcpLeases = Collections.emptyList();
 
     private int mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex = 0;
-    private boolean mUpstreamSupportsBpf = false;
     @NonNull
     private Set<IpPrefix> mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes = Collections.emptySet();
 
-    private class MyNeighborEventConsumer implements IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer {
-        public void accept(NeighborEvent e) {
-            sendMessage(CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private final IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
-
     private LinkAddress mIpv4Address;
 
     private final TetheringMetrics mTetheringMetrics;
@@ -346,15 +324,6 @@
         mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mServingMode = STATE_AVAILABLE;
 
-        mIpNeighborMonitor = mDeps.getIpNeighborMonitor(getHandler(), mLog,
-                new MyNeighborEventConsumer());
-
-        // IP neighbor monitor monitors the neighbor events for adding/removing IPv6 downstream rule
-        // per client. If BPF offload is not supported, don't start listening for neighbor events.
-        if (mBpfCoordinator.isUsingBpfOffload() && !mIpNeighborMonitor.start()) {
-            mLog.e("Failed to create IpNeighborMonitor on " + mIfaceName);
-        }
-
         mInitialState = new InitialState();
         mLocalHotspotState = new LocalHotspotState();
         mTetheredState = new TetheredState();
@@ -410,6 +379,22 @@
         return mIpv4Address;
     }
 
+    /** The IPv6 upstream interface index */
+    public int getIpv6UpstreamIfindex() {
+        return mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex;
+    }
+
+    /** The IPv6 upstream interface prefixes */
+    @NonNull
+    public Set<IpPrefix> getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes);
+    }
+
+    /** The interface parameters which IpServer is using */
+    public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams() {
+        return mInterfaceParams;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the latest list of DHCP leases that was reported. Must be called on the IpServer looper
      * thread.
@@ -419,7 +404,7 @@
     }
 
     /** Enable this IpServer. IpServer state machine will be tethered or localHotspot state. */
-    public void enable(final int requestedState, final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
+    public void enable(final int requestedState, final TetheringRequest request) {
         sendMessage(CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, requestedState, 0, request);
     }
 
@@ -813,14 +798,15 @@
         setRaParams(params);
 
         // Not support BPF on virtual upstream interface
-        final boolean upstreamSupportsBpf = upstreamIface != null && !isVcnInterface(upstreamIface);
         final Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes = params != null ? params.prefixes : Set.of();
-        updateIpv6ForwardingRules(mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes,
-                upstreamIfIndex, upstreamPrefixes, upstreamSupportsBpf);
+        // mBpfCoordinator#updateIpv6UpstreamInterface must be called before updating
+        // mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex and mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes because BpfCoordinator will call
+        // IpServer#getIpv6UpstreamIfindex and IpServer#getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes to retrieve current
+        // upstream interface index and prefixes when handling upstream changes.
+        mBpfCoordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(this, upstreamIfIndex, upstreamPrefixes);
         mLastIPv6LinkProperties = v6only;
         mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex = upstreamIfIndex;
         mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes = upstreamPrefixes;
-        mUpstreamSupportsBpf = upstreamSupportsBpf;
         if (mDadProxy != null) {
             mDadProxy.setUpstreamIface(upstreamIfaceParams);
         }
@@ -964,77 +950,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private int getInterfaceIndexForRule(int ifindex, boolean supportsBpf) {
-        return supportsBpf ? ifindex : NO_UPSTREAM;
-    }
-
-    // Handles updates to IPv6 forwarding rules if the upstream or its prefixes change.
-    private void updateIpv6ForwardingRules(int prevUpstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull Set<IpPrefix> prevUpstreamPrefixes, int upstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes, boolean upstreamSupportsBpf) {
-        // If the upstream interface has changed, remove all rules and re-add them with the new
-        // upstream interface. If upstream is a virtual network, treated as no upstream.
-        if (prevUpstreamIfindex != upstreamIfindex
-                || !prevUpstreamPrefixes.equals(upstreamPrefixes)) {
-            mBpfCoordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(this, this.mInterfaceParams,
-                    getInterfaceIndexForRule(upstreamIfindex, upstreamSupportsBpf),
-                    upstreamPrefixes);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Handles updates to IPv6 downstream rules if a neighbor event is received.
-    private void addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(NeighborEvent e) {
-        // mInterfaceParams must be non-null or the event would not have arrived.
-        if (e == null) return;
-        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet6Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
-                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // When deleting rules, we still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's ignored.
-        // Do this here instead of in the Ipv6DownstreamRule constructor to ensure that we
-        // never add rules with a null MAC, only delete them.
-        MacAddress dstMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
-        Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = new Ipv6DownstreamRule(
-                getInterfaceIndexForRule(mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, mUpstreamSupportsBpf),
-                mInterfaceParams.index, (Inet6Address) e.ip, mInterfaceParams.macAddr, dstMac);
-        if (e.isValid()) {
-            mBpfCoordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(this, rule);
-        } else {
-            mBpfCoordinator.removeIpv6DownstreamRule(this, rule);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // TODO: consider moving into BpfCoordinator.
-    private void updateClientInfoIpv4(NeighborEvent e) {
-        if (e == null) return;
-        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet4Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
-                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // When deleting clients, IpServer still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's
-        // ignored. Do this here instead of in the ClientInfo constructor to ensure that
-        // IpServer never add clients with a null MAC, only delete them.
-        final MacAddress clientMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
-        final ClientInfo clientInfo = new ClientInfo(mInterfaceParams.index,
-                mInterfaceParams.macAddr, (Inet4Address) e.ip, clientMac);
-        if (e.isValid()) {
-            mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientAdd(this, clientInfo);
-        } else {
-            mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientRemove(this, clientInfo);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void handleNeighborEvent(NeighborEvent e) {
-        if (mInterfaceParams != null
-                && mInterfaceParams.index == e.ifindex
-                && mInterfaceParams.hasMacAddress) {
-            addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(e);
-            updateClientInfoIpv4(e);
-        }
-    }
-
     private byte getHopLimit(String upstreamIface, int adjustTTL) {
         try {
             int upstreamHopLimit = Integer.parseUnsignedInt(
@@ -1069,7 +984,6 @@
         switch (what) {
             // Suppress some CMD_* to avoid log flooding.
             case CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE:
-            case CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT:
                 break;
             default:
                 mLog.log(state.getName() + " got "
@@ -1092,18 +1006,18 @@
         mLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(mIfaceName);
     }
 
-    private void maybeConfigureStaticIp(final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
+    private void maybeConfigureStaticIp(final TetheringRequest request) {
         // Ignore static address configuration if they are invalid or null. In theory, static
         // addresses should not be invalid here because TetheringManager do not allow caller to
         // specify invalid static address configuration.
-        if (request == null || request.localIPv4Address == null
-                || request.staticClientAddress == null || !checkStaticAddressConfiguration(
-                request.localIPv4Address, request.staticClientAddress)) {
+        if (request == null || request.getLocalIpv4Address() == null
+                || request.getClientStaticIpv4Address() == null || !checkStaticAddressConfiguration(
+                request.getLocalIpv4Address(), request.getClientStaticIpv4Address())) {
             return;
         }
 
-        mStaticIpv4ServerAddr = request.localIPv4Address;
-        mStaticIpv4ClientAddr = request.staticClientAddress;
+        mStaticIpv4ServerAddr = request.getLocalIpv4Address();
+        mStaticIpv4ClientAddr = request.getClientStaticIpv4Address();
     }
 
     class InitialState extends State {
@@ -1120,11 +1034,11 @@
                     mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
                     switch (message.arg1) {
                         case STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
-                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequestParcel) message.obj);
+                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequest) message.obj);
                             transitionTo(mLocalHotspotState);
                             break;
                         case STATE_TETHERED:
-                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequestParcel) message.obj);
+                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequest) message.obj);
                             transitionTo(mTetheredState);
                             break;
                         default:
@@ -1141,14 +1055,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void startConntrackMonitoring() {
-        mBpfCoordinator.startMonitoring(this);
-    }
-
-    private void stopConntrackMonitoring() {
-        mBpfCoordinator.stopMonitoring(this);
-    }
-
     abstract class BaseServingState extends State {
         private final int mDesiredInterfaceState;
 
@@ -1158,7 +1064,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void enter() {
-            startConntrackMonitoring();
+            mBpfCoordinator.addIpServer(IpServer.this);
 
             startServingInterface();
 
@@ -1226,7 +1132,7 @@
             }
 
             stopIPv4();
-            stopConntrackMonitoring();
+            mBpfCoordinator.removeIpServer(IpServer.this);
 
             resetLinkProperties();
 
@@ -1397,8 +1303,8 @@
 
             for (String ifname : mUpstreamIfaceSet.ifnames) cleanupUpstreamInterface(ifname);
             mUpstreamIfaceSet = null;
-            mBpfCoordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                    IpServer.this, IpServer.this.mInterfaceParams, NO_UPSTREAM, Set.of());
+            mBpfCoordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(IpServer.this, NO_UPSTREAM,
+                    Collections.emptySet());
         }
 
         private void cleanupUpstreamInterface(String upstreamIface) {
@@ -1473,9 +1379,6 @@
                         }
                     }
                     break;
-                case CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT:
-                    handleNeighborEvent((NeighborEvent) message.obj);
-                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
@@ -1515,9 +1418,6 @@
     class UnavailableState extends State {
         @Override
         public void enter() {
-            // TODO: move mIpNeighborMonitor.stop() to TetheredState#exit, and trigger a neighbours
-            //       dump after starting mIpNeighborMonitor.
-            mIpNeighborMonitor.stop();
             mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
             sendInterfaceState(STATE_UNAVAILABLE);
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 00d9152..5c853f4 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.TetherStatsValue;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.ConntrackMonitor;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEventConsumer;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
@@ -181,6 +184,10 @@
     private final BpfCoordinatorShim mBpfCoordinatorShim;
     @NonNull
     private final BpfConntrackEventConsumer mBpfConntrackEventConsumer;
+    @NonNull
+    private final IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
+    @NonNull
+    private final BpfNeighborEventConsumer mBpfNeighborEventConsumer;
 
     // True if BPF offload is supported, false otherwise. The BPF offload could be disabled by
     // a runtime resource overlay package or device configuration. This flag is only initialized
@@ -189,14 +196,6 @@
     // to make it simpler. See also TetheringConfiguration.
     private final boolean mIsBpfEnabled;
 
-    // Tracks whether BPF tethering is started or not. This is set by tethering before it
-    // starts the first IpServer and is cleared by tethering shortly before the last IpServer
-    // is stopped. Note that rule updates (especially deletions, but sometimes additions as
-    // well) may arrive when this is false. If they do, they must be communicated to netd.
-    // Changes in data limits may also arrive when this is false, and if they do, they must
-    // also be communicated to netd.
-    private boolean mPollingStarted = false;
-
     // Tracking remaining alert quota. Unlike limit quota is subject to interface, the alert
     // quota is interface independent and global for tether offload.
     private long mRemainingAlertQuota = QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
@@ -279,9 +278,6 @@
     private final HashMap<IpServer, HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo>>
             mTetherClients = new HashMap<>();
 
-    // Set for which downstream is monitoring the conntrack netlink message.
-    private final Set<IpServer> mMonitoringIpServers = new HashSet<>();
-
     // Map of upstream interface IPv4 address to interface index.
     // TODO: consider making the key to be unique because the upstream address is not unique. It
     // is okay for now because there have only one upstream generally.
@@ -303,16 +299,19 @@
     @Nullable
     private UpstreamInfo mIpv4UpstreamInfo = null;
 
+    // The IpServers that are currently served by BpfCoordinator.
+    private final ArraySet<IpServer> mServedIpServers = new ArraySet<>();
+
     // Runnable that used by scheduling next polling of stats.
     private final Runnable mScheduledPollingStats = () -> {
         updateForwardedStats();
-        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+        schedulePollingStats();
     };
 
     // Runnable that used by scheduling next refreshing of conntrack timeout.
     private final Runnable mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate = () -> {
         refreshAllConntrackTimeouts();
-        maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
+        scheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
     };
 
     // TODO: add BpfMap<TetherDownstream64Key, TetherDownstream64Value> retrieving function.
@@ -338,6 +337,11 @@
             return new ConntrackMonitor(getHandler(), getSharedLog(), consumer);
         }
 
+        /** Get ip neighbor monitor */
+        @NonNull public IpNeighborMonitor getIpNeighborMonitor(NeighborEventConsumer consumer) {
+            return new IpNeighborMonitor(getHandler(), getSharedLog(), consumer);
+        }
+
         /** Get interface information for a given interface. */
         @NonNull public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifName) {
             return InterfaceParams.getByName(ifName);
@@ -485,6 +489,9 @@
         mBpfConntrackEventConsumer = new BpfConntrackEventConsumer();
         mConntrackMonitor = mDeps.getConntrackMonitor(mBpfConntrackEventConsumer);
 
+        mBpfNeighborEventConsumer = new BpfNeighborEventConsumer();
+        mIpNeighborMonitor = mDeps.getIpNeighborMonitor(mBpfNeighborEventConsumer);
+
         BpfTetherStatsProvider provider = new BpfTetherStatsProvider();
         try {
             mDeps.getNetworkStatsManager().registerNetworkStatsProvider(
@@ -504,37 +511,25 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Start BPF tethering offload stats polling when the first upstream is started.
+     * Start BPF tethering offload stats and conntrack timeout polling.
      * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
-     * TODO: Perhaps check BPF support before starting.
-     * TODO: Start the stats polling only if there is any client on the downstream.
      */
-    public void startPolling() {
-        if (mPollingStarted) return;
+    private void startStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling() {
+        schedulePollingStats();
+        scheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
 
-        if (!isUsingBpf()) {
-            mLog.i("BPF is not using");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        mPollingStarted = true;
-        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
-        maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
-
-        mLog.i("Polling started");
+        mLog.i("Polling started.");
     }
 
     /**
-     * Stop BPF tethering offload stats polling.
+     * Stop BPF tethering offload stats and conntrack timeout polling.
      * The data limit cleanup and the tether stats maps cleanup are not implemented here.
      * These cleanups rely on all IpServers calling #removeIpv6DownstreamRule. After the
      * last rule is removed from the upstream, #removeIpv6DownstreamRule does the cleanup
      * functionality.
      * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void stopPolling() {
-        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
-
+    private void stopStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling() {
         // Stop scheduled polling conntrack timeout.
         if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate)) {
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate);
@@ -544,9 +539,8 @@
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats);
         }
         updateForwardedStats();
-        mPollingStarted = false;
 
-        mLog.i("Polling stopped");
+        mLog.i("Polling stopped.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -567,7 +561,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Start conntrack message monitoring.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      *
      * TODO: figure out a better logging for non-interesting conntrack message.
      * For example, the following logging is an IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET message but looks scary.
@@ -587,45 +580,23 @@
      * +------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
      * See NetlinkMonitor#handlePacket, NetlinkMessage#parseNfMessage.
      */
-    public void startMonitoring(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+    private void startConntrackMonitoring() {
         // TODO: Wrap conntrackMonitor starting function into mBpfCoordinatorShim.
-        if (!isUsingBpf() || !mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
 
-        if (mMonitoringIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
-            Log.wtf(TAG, "The same downstream " + ipServer.interfaceName()
-                    + " should not start monitoring twice.");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (mMonitoringIpServers.isEmpty()) {
-            mConntrackMonitor.start();
-            mLog.i("Monitoring started");
-        }
-
-        mMonitoringIpServers.add(ipServer);
+        mConntrackMonitor.start();
+        mLog.i("Conntrack monitoring started.");
     }
 
     /**
      * Stop conntrack event monitoring.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void stopMonitoring(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+    private void stopConntrackMonitoring() {
         // TODO: Wrap conntrackMonitor stopping function into mBpfCoordinatorShim.
-        if (!isUsingBpf() || !mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
-
-        // Ignore stopping monitoring if the monitor has never started for a given IpServer.
-        if (!mMonitoringIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
-            mLog.e("Ignore stopping monitoring because monitoring has never started for "
-                    + ipServer.interfaceName());
-            return;
-        }
-
-        mMonitoringIpServers.remove(ipServer);
-
-        if (!mMonitoringIpServers.isEmpty()) return;
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
 
         mConntrackMonitor.stop();
-        mLog.i("Monitoring stopped");
+        mLog.i("Conntrack monitoring stopped.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -688,9 +659,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Add IPv6 downstream rule.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void addIpv6DownstreamRule(
+    private void addIpv6DownstreamRule(
             @NonNull final IpServer ipServer, @NonNull final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule) {
         if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
 
@@ -706,9 +676,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Remove IPv6 downstream rule.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void removeIpv6DownstreamRule(
+    private void removeIpv6DownstreamRule(
             @NonNull final IpServer ipServer, @NonNull final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule) {
         if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
 
@@ -762,9 +731,8 @@
     /**
      * Delete all upstream and downstream rules for the passed-in IpServer, and if the new upstream
      * is nonzero, reapply them to the new upstream.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void updateAllIpv6Rules(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer,
+    private void updateAllIpv6Rules(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer,
             final InterfaceParams interfaceParams, int newUpstreamIfindex,
             @NonNull final Set<IpPrefix> newUpstreamPrefixes) {
         if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
@@ -886,6 +854,141 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Register an IpServer (downstream).
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void addIpServer(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+        if (mServedIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "The same downstream " + ipServer.interfaceName()
+                    + " should not add twice.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Start monitoring and polling when the first IpServer is added.
+        if (mServedIpServers.isEmpty()) {
+            startStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling();
+            startConntrackMonitoring();
+            mIpNeighborMonitor.start();
+            mLog.i("Neighbor monitoring started.");
+        }
+        mServedIpServers.add(ipServer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister an IpServer (downstream).
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void removeIpServer(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+        if (!mServedIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
+            mLog.e("Ignore removing because IpServer has never started for "
+                    + ipServer.interfaceName());
+            return;
+        }
+        mServedIpServers.remove(ipServer);
+
+        // Stop monitoring and polling when the last IpServer is removed.
+        if (mServedIpServers.isEmpty()) {
+            stopStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling();
+            stopConntrackMonitoring();
+            mIpNeighborMonitor.stop();
+            mLog.i("Neighbor monitoring stopped.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update upstream interface and its prefixes.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        // If the upstream interface has changed, remove all rules and re-add them with the new
+        // upstream interface. If upstream is a virtual network, treated as no upstream.
+        final int prevUpstreamIfindex = ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamIfindex();
+        final InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        final Set<IpPrefix> prevUpstreamPrefixes = ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes();
+        if (prevUpstreamIfindex != upstreamIfindex
+                || !prevUpstreamPrefixes.equals(upstreamPrefixes)) {
+            final boolean upstreamSupportsBpf = checkUpstreamSupportsBpf(upstreamIfindex);
+            updateAllIpv6Rules(ipServer, interfaceParams,
+                    getInterfaceIndexForRule(upstreamIfindex, upstreamSupportsBpf),
+                    upstreamPrefixes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkUpstreamSupportsBpf(int upstreamIfindex) {
+        final String iface = mInterfaceNames.get(upstreamIfindex);
+        return iface != null && !isVcnInterface(iface);
+    }
+
+    private int getInterfaceIndexForRule(int ifindex, boolean supportsBpf) {
+        return supportsBpf ? ifindex : NO_UPSTREAM;
+    }
+
+    // Handles updates to IPv6 downstream rules if a neighbor event is received.
+    private void addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(@NonNull IpServer ipServer, NeighborEvent e) {
+        // mInterfaceParams must be non-null or the event would not have arrived.
+        if (e == null) return;
+        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet6Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
+                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // When deleting rules, we still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's ignored.
+        // Do this here instead of in the Ipv6DownstreamRule constructor to ensure that we
+        // never add rules with a null MAC, only delete them.
+        final InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        if (interfaceParams == null || interfaceParams.macAddr == null) return;
+        final int lastIpv6UpstreamIfindex = ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamIfindex();
+        final boolean isUpstreamSupportsBpf = checkUpstreamSupportsBpf(lastIpv6UpstreamIfindex);
+        MacAddress dstMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+        Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = new Ipv6DownstreamRule(
+                getInterfaceIndexForRule(lastIpv6UpstreamIfindex, isUpstreamSupportsBpf),
+                interfaceParams.index, (Inet6Address) e.ip, interfaceParams.macAddr, dstMac);
+        if (e.isValid()) {
+            addIpv6DownstreamRule(ipServer, rule);
+        } else {
+            removeIpv6DownstreamRule(ipServer, rule);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateClientInfoIpv4(@NonNull IpServer ipServer, NeighborEvent e) {
+        if (e == null) return;
+        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet4Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
+                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        if (interfaceParams == null) return;
+
+        // When deleting clients, IpServer still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's
+        // ignored. Do this here instead of in the ClientInfo constructor to ensure that
+        // IpServer never add clients with a null MAC, only delete them.
+        final MacAddress clientMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+        final ClientInfo clientInfo = new ClientInfo(interfaceParams.index,
+                interfaceParams.macAddr, (Inet4Address) e.ip, clientMac);
+        if (e.isValid()) {
+            tetherOffloadClientAdd(ipServer, clientInfo);
+        } else {
+            tetherOffloadClientRemove(ipServer, clientInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleNeighborEvent(@NonNull IpServer ipServer, NeighborEvent e) {
+        InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        if (interfaceParams != null
+                && interfaceParams.index == e.ifindex
+                && interfaceParams.hasMacAddress) {
+            addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(ipServer, e);
+            updateClientInfoIpv4(ipServer, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Clear all forwarding IPv4 rules for a given client.
      * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
@@ -1136,7 +1239,7 @@
         // Note that EthernetTetheringTest#isTetherConfigBpfOffloadEnabled relies on
         // "mIsBpfEnabled" to check tethering config via dumpsys. Beware of the change if any.
         pw.println("mIsBpfEnabled: " + mIsBpfEnabled);
-        pw.println("Polling " + (mPollingStarted ? "started" : "not started"));
+        pw.println("Polling " + (mServedIpServers.isEmpty() ? "not started" : "started"));
         pw.println("Stats provider " + (mStatsProvider != null
                 ? "registered" : "not registered"));
         pw.println("Upstream quota: " + mInterfaceQuotas.toString());
@@ -2038,6 +2141,15 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    private class BpfNeighborEventConsumer implements NeighborEventConsumer {
+        public void accept(NeighborEvent e) {
+            for (IpServer ipServer : mServedIpServers) {
+                handleNeighborEvent(ipServer, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private boolean isBpfEnabled() {
         final TetheringConfiguration config = mDeps.getTetherConfig();
         return (config != null) ? config.isBpfOffloadEnabled() : true /* default value */;
@@ -2365,9 +2477,7 @@
         });
     }
 
-    private void maybeSchedulePollingStats() {
-        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
-
+    private void schedulePollingStats() {
         if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats)) {
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats);
         }
@@ -2375,9 +2485,7 @@
         mHandler.postDelayed(mScheduledPollingStats, getPollingInterval());
     }
 
-    private void maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate() {
-        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
-
+    private void scheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate() {
         if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate)) {
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate);
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index d85d92f..c310f16 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_INVALID;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIGIG;
@@ -97,7 +98,6 @@
 import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
 import android.net.TetheringInterface;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
-import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.VersionedBroadcastListener;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.wear.WearableConnectionManager;
 
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@
     // Currently active tethering requests per tethering type. Only one of each type can be
     // requested at a time. After a tethering type is requested, the map keeps tethering parameters
     // to be used after the interface comes up asynchronously.
-    private final SparseArray<TetheringRequestParcel> mActiveTetheringRequests =
+    private final SparseArray<TetheringRequest> mActiveTetheringRequests =
             new SparseArray<>();
 
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -278,6 +277,7 @@
     private TetheredInterfaceRequestShim mBluetoothIfaceRequest;
     private String mConfiguredEthernetIface;
     private String mConfiguredBluetoothIface;
+    private String mConfiguredVirtualIface;
     private EthernetCallback mEthernetCallback;
     private TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim mBluetoothCallback;
     private SettingsObserver mSettingsObserver;
@@ -659,28 +659,27 @@
         processInterfaceStateChange(iface, false /* enabled */);
     }
 
-    void startTethering(final TetheringRequestParcel request, final String callerPkg,
+    void startTethering(final TetheringRequest request, final String callerPkg,
             final IIntResultListener listener) {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
-            final TetheringRequestParcel unfinishedRequest = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(
-                    request.tetheringType);
+            final int type = request.getTetheringType();
+            final TetheringRequest unfinishedRequest = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type);
             // If tethering is already enabled with a different request,
             // disable before re-enabling.
-            if (unfinishedRequest != null
-                    && !TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(unfinishedRequest, request)) {
-                enableTetheringInternal(request.tetheringType, false /* disabled */, null);
-                mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(request.tetheringType);
+            if (unfinishedRequest != null && !unfinishedRequest.equals(request)) {
+                enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null);
+                mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
             }
-            mActiveTetheringRequests.put(request.tetheringType, request);
+            mActiveTetheringRequests.put(type, request);
 
-            if (request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck) {
-                mEntitlementMgr.setExemptedDownstreamType(request.tetheringType);
+            if (request.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck()) {
+                mEntitlementMgr.setExemptedDownstreamType(type);
             } else {
-                mEntitlementMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(request.tetheringType,
-                        request.showProvisioningUi);
+                mEntitlementMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(type,
+                        request.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
             }
-            enableTetheringInternal(request.tetheringType, true /* enabled */, listener);
-            mTetheringMetrics.createBuilder(request.tetheringType, callerPkg);
+            enableTetheringInternal(type, true /* enabled */, listener);
+            mTetheringMetrics.createBuilder(type, callerPkg);
         });
     }
 
@@ -719,6 +718,9 @@
             case TETHERING_ETHERNET:
                 result = setEthernetTethering(enable);
                 break;
+            case TETHERING_VIRTUAL:
+                result = setVirtualMachineTethering(enable);
+                break;
             default:
                 Log.w(TAG, "Invalid tether type.");
                 result = TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
@@ -972,6 +974,21 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private int setVirtualMachineTethering(final boolean enable) {
+        // TODO(340377643): Use bridge ifname when it's introduced, not fixed TAP ifname.
+        if (enable) {
+            mConfiguredVirtualIface = "avf_tap_fixed";
+            enableIpServing(
+                    TETHERING_VIRTUAL,
+                    mConfiguredVirtualIface,
+                    getRequestedState(TETHERING_VIRTUAL));
+        } else if (mConfiguredVirtualIface != null) {
+            ensureIpServerStopped(mConfiguredVirtualIface);
+            mConfiguredVirtualIface = null;
+        }
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
     void tether(String iface, int requestedState, final IIntResultListener listener) {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             try {
@@ -998,7 +1015,7 @@
         //
         // This code cannot race with untether() because they both run on the handler thread.
         final int type = tetherState.ipServer.interfaceType();
-        final TetheringRequestParcel request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type, null);
+        final TetheringRequest request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type, null);
         if (request != null) {
             mActiveTetheringRequests.delete(type);
         }
@@ -1055,14 +1072,14 @@
     }
 
     private int getRequestedState(int type) {
-        final TetheringRequestParcel request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type);
+        final TetheringRequest request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type);
 
         // The request could have been deleted before we had a chance to complete it.
         // If so, assume that the scope is the default scope for this tethering type.
         // This likely doesn't matter - if the request has been deleted, then tethering is
         // likely going to be stopped soon anyway.
         final int connectivityScope = (request != null)
-                ? request.connectivityScope
+                ? request.getConnectivityScope()
                 : TetheringRequest.getDefaultConnectivityScope(type);
 
         return connectivityScope == CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL
@@ -1361,7 +1378,7 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    SparseArray<TetheringRequestParcel> getActiveTetheringRequests() {
+    SparseArray<TetheringRequest> getActiveTetheringRequests() {
         return mActiveTetheringRequests;
     }
 
@@ -2069,9 +2086,6 @@
                     chooseUpstreamType(true);
                     mTryCell = false;
                 }
-
-                // TODO: Check the upstream interface if it is managed by BPF offload.
-                mBpfCoordinator.startPolling();
             }
 
             @Override
@@ -2085,7 +2099,6 @@
                     reportUpstreamChanged(null);
                     mNotificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null);
                 }
-                mBpfCoordinator.stopPolling();
                 mTetheringMetrics.cleanup();
             }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
index 623f502..a147a4a 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import android.net.ITetheringConnector;
 import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.NetworkStack;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
@@ -137,8 +138,8 @@
                     listener)) {
                 return;
             }
-
-            mTethering.startTethering(request, callerPkg, listener);
+            // TODO(b/216524590): Add UID/packageName of caller to TetheringRequest here
+            mTethering.startTethering(new TetheringRequest(request), callerPkg, listener);
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java
index 078a35f..c236188 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.State;
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils.java
index e6236df..76c2f0d 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
 
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
-import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * The classes and the methods for tethering utilization.
@@ -158,20 +156,6 @@
         return s & 0xffff;
     }
 
-    /** Check whether two TetheringRequestParcels are the same. */
-    public static boolean isTetheringRequestEquals(final TetheringRequestParcel request,
-            final TetheringRequestParcel otherRequest) {
-        if (request == otherRequest) return true;
-
-        return request != null && otherRequest != null
-                && request.tetheringType == otherRequest.tetheringType
-                && Objects.equals(request.localIPv4Address, otherRequest.localIPv4Address)
-                && Objects.equals(request.staticClientAddress, otherRequest.staticClientAddress)
-                && request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck == otherRequest.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
-                && request.showProvisioningUi == otherRequest.showProvisioningUi
-                && request.connectivityScope == otherRequest.connectivityScope;
-    }
-
     /** Get inet6 address for all nodes given scope ID. */
     public static Inet6Address getAllNodesForScopeId(int scopeId) {
         try {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
index 120b871..3944a8a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
@@ -65,7 +63,6 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@
     // Used to check if any tethering interface is available. Choose 200ms to be request timeout
     // because the average interface requested time on cuttlefish@acloud is around 10ms.
     // See TetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface, isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable.
-    private static final int AVAILABLE_TETHER_IFACE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 200;
+    private static final int SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
     private static final int TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS = 20;
     protected static final long WAIT_RA_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
 
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@
     private boolean mRunTests;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     private Handler mHandler;
-    private TetheredInterfaceRequester mTetheredInterfaceRequester;
+    protected TetheredInterfaceRequester mTetheredInterfaceRequester;
 
     // Late initialization in initTetheringTester().
     private TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
@@ -245,12 +242,14 @@
         maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(mTetheringEventCallback);
         mTetheringEventCallback = null;
 
-        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> mTetheredInterfaceRequester.release());
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
     }
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mTetheredInterfaceRequester != null) {
+            mTetheredInterfaceRequester.release();
+        }
         try {
             if (mRunTests) cleanUp();
         } finally {
@@ -263,33 +262,17 @@
         }
     }
 
-    protected static boolean isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() throws Exception {
-        // Before T, all ethernet interfaces could be used for server mode. Instead of
-        // waiting timeout, just checking whether the system currently has any
-        // ethernet interface is more reliable.
-        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            return runAsShell(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, () -> sEm.isAvailable());
-        }
-
+    protected boolean isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() throws Exception {
         // If previous test case doesn't release tethering interface successfully, the other tests
         // after that test may be skipped as unexcepted.
         // TODO: figure out a better way to check default tethering interface existenion.
-        final TetheredInterfaceRequester requester = new TetheredInterfaceRequester();
-        try {
-            // Use short timeout (200ms) for requesting an existing interface, if any, because
-            // it should reurn faster than requesting a new tethering interface. Using default
-            // timeout (5000ms, TIMEOUT_MS) may make that total testing time is over 1 minute
-            // test module timeout on internal testing.
-            // TODO: if this becomes flaky, consider using default timeout (5000ms) and moving
-            // this check into #setUpOnce.
-            return requester.getInterface(AVAILABLE_TETHER_IFACE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS) != null;
-        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-            return false;
-        } finally {
-            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
-                requester.release();
-            });
-        }
+        // Use short timeout (200ms) for requesting an existing interface, if any, because
+        // it should reurn faster than requesting a new tethering interface. Using default
+        // timeout (5000ms, TIMEOUT_MS) may make that total testing time is over 1 minute
+        // test module timeout on internal testing.
+        // TODO: if this becomes flaky, consider using default timeout (5000ms) and moving
+        // this check into #setUpOnce.
+        return mTetheredInterfaceRequester.isPhysicalInterfaceAvailable(SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
 
     protected static void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean include) {
@@ -304,14 +287,6 @@
         });
     }
 
-    protected String getTetheredInterface() throws Exception {
-        return mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
-    }
-
-    protected CompletableFuture<String> requestTetheredInterface() throws Exception {
-        return mTetheredInterfaceRequester.requestInterface();
-    }
-
     protected static void waitForRouterAdvertisement(TapPacketReader reader, String iface,
             long timeoutMs) {
         final long deadline = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + timeoutMs;
@@ -605,6 +580,11 @@
         private TetheredInterfaceRequest mRequest;
         private final CompletableFuture<String> mFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
 
+        TetheredInterfaceRequester() {
+            mRequest = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+                    sEm.requestTetheredInterface(c -> c.run() /* executor */, this));
+        }
+
         @Override
         public void onAvailable(String iface) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Ethernet interface available: " + iface);
@@ -616,28 +596,21 @@
             mFuture.completeExceptionally(new IllegalStateException("onUnavailable received"));
         }
 
-        public CompletableFuture<String> requestInterface() {
-            assertNull("BUG: more than one tethered interface request", mRequest);
-            Log.d(TAG, "Requesting tethered interface");
-            mRequest = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
-                    sEm.requestTetheredInterface(c -> c.run() /* executor */, this));
-            return mFuture;
-        }
-
-        public String getInterface(int timeout) throws Exception {
-            return requestInterface().get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        public boolean isPhysicalInterfaceAvailable(int timeout) {
+            try {
+                final String iface = mFuture.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                return !iface.startsWith("testtap");
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
 
         public String getInterface() throws Exception {
-            return getInterface(TIMEOUT_MS);
+            return mFuture.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         }
 
         public void release() {
-            if (mRequest != null) {
-                mFuture.obtrudeException(new IllegalStateException("Request already released"));
-                mRequest.release();
-                mRequest = null;
-            }
+            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> mRequest.release());
         }
     }
 
@@ -658,7 +631,10 @@
         lp.setLinkAddresses(addresses);
         lp.setDnsServers(dnses);
 
-        return runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> initTestNetwork(sContext, lp, TIMEOUT_MS));
+        // TODO: initTestNetwork can take up to 15 seconds on a workstation. Investigate when and
+        // why this is the case. It is unclear whether a 30 second timeout is enough when running
+        // these tests in the much slower test infra.
+        return runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> initTestNetwork(sContext, lp, 30_000));
     }
 
     protected void sendDownloadPacketUdp(@NonNull final InetAddress srcIp,
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index c54d1b4..5c258b2 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Random;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@@ -151,33 +149,14 @@
             (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x04  /* Address: 1.2.3.4 */
     };
 
-    /** Enable/disable tethering once before running the tests. */
-    @BeforeClass
-    public static void setUpOnce() throws Exception {
-        // The first test case may experience tethering restart with IP conflict handling.
-        // Tethering would cache the last upstreams so that the next enabled tethering avoids
-        // picking up the address that is in conflict with the upstreams. To protect subsequent
-        // tests, turn tethering on and off before running them.
-        MyTetheringEventCallback callback = null;
-        TestNetworkInterface testIface = null;
-        assumeTrue(sEm != null);
-        try {
-            // If the physical ethernet interface is available, do nothing.
-            if (isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()) return;
-
-            testIface = createTestInterface();
-            setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
-
-            callback = enableEthernetTethering(testIface.getInterfaceName(), null);
-            callback.awaitUpstreamChanged(true /* throwTimeoutException */);
-        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "WARNNING " + e);
-        } finally {
-            maybeCloseTestInterface(testIface);
-            maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
-
-            setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
-        }
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        // TODO: See b/318121782#comment4. Register an ethernet InterfaceStateListener, and wait for
+        // the callback to report client mode. This happens as soon as both
+        // TetheredInterfaceRequester and the tethering code itself have released the interface,
+        // i.e. after stopTethering() has completed.
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -201,7 +180,7 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "Including test interfaces");
             setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
 
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -223,8 +202,6 @@
         // This test requires manipulating packets. Skip if there is a physical Ethernet connected.
         assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable());
 
-        CompletableFuture<String> futureIface = requestTetheredInterface();
-
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
 
         TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
@@ -234,7 +211,7 @@
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
 
-            final String iface = futureIface.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -264,7 +241,7 @@
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
 
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -338,7 +315,7 @@
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
 
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -388,7 +365,7 @@
         MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
         try {
             // Get an interface to use.
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
 
             // Enable Ethernet tethering and check that it starts.
             tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, null /* any upstream */);
@@ -509,17 +486,23 @@
         // TODO: test BPF offload maps {rule, stats}.
     }
 
-    // Test network topology:
-    //
-    //         public network (rawip)                 private network
-    //                   |                 UE                |
-    // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
-    // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
-    // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
-    // remote ip              public ip                           private ip
-    // 8.8.8.8:443            <Upstream ip>:9876                  <TetheredDevice ip>:9876
-    //
-    private void runUdp4Test() throws Exception {
+
+    /**
+     * Basic IPv4 UDP tethering test. Verify that UDP tethered packets are transferred no matter
+     * using which data path.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testTetherUdpV4() throws Exception {
+        // Test network topology:
+        //
+        //         public network (rawip)                 private network
+        //                   |                 UE                |
+        // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
+        // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
+        // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
+        // remote ip              public ip                           private ip
+        // 8.8.8.8:443            <Upstream ip>:9876                  <TetheredDevice ip>:9876
+        //
         final TetheringTester tester = initTetheringTester(toList(TEST_IP4_ADDR),
                 toList(TEST_IP4_DNS));
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
@@ -541,15 +524,6 @@
         sendDownloadPacketUdp(remoteIp, tetheringUpstreamIp, tester, false /* is6To4 */);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Basic IPv4 UDP tethering test. Verify that UDP tethered packets are transferred no matter
-     * using which data path.
-     */
-    @Test
-    public void testTetherUdpV4() throws Exception {
-        runUdp4Test();
-    }
-
     // Test network topology:
     //
     //            public network (rawip)                 private network
@@ -599,7 +573,7 @@
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
 
         // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
-        // See the same reason in runUdp4Test().
+        // See the same reason in testTetherUdp4().
         probeV4TetheringConnectivity(tester, tethered, false /* is4To6 */);
 
         final ByteBuffer request = buildIcmpEchoPacketV4(tethered.macAddr /* srcMac */,
@@ -707,7 +681,7 @@
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
 
         // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
-        // See the same reason in runUdp4Test().
+        // See the same reason in testTetherUdp4().
         probeV4TetheringConnectivity(tester, tethered, false /* is4To6 */);
 
         // [1] Send DNS query.
@@ -751,7 +725,7 @@
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
 
         // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
-        // See the same reason in runUdp4Test().
+        // See the same reason in testTetherUdp4().
         probeV4TetheringConnectivity(tester, tethered, false /* is4To6 */);
 
         runTcpTest(tethered.macAddr /* uploadSrcMac */, tethered.routerMacAddr /* uploadDstMac */,
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index a7064e8..00eb3b1 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
@@ -94,7 +93,6 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
-import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
@@ -174,7 +172,6 @@
     @Mock private IDhcpServer mDhcpServer;
     @Mock private DadProxy mDadProxy;
     @Mock private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
-    @Mock private IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
     @Mock private IpServer.Dependencies mDependencies;
     @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator mAddressCoordinator;
     private final LateSdk<RoutingCoordinatorManager> mRoutingCoordinatorManager =
@@ -213,20 +210,17 @@
             mInterfaceConfiguration.prefixLength = BLUETOOTH_DHCP_PREFIX_LENGTH;
         }
 
-        doReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor).when(mDependencies).getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(), any());
-
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
         when(mTetherConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer()).thenReturn(usingLegacyDhcp);
         when(mTetherConfig.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength()).thenReturn(P2P_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH);
         when(mBpfCoordinator.isUsingBpfOffload()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
         mIpServer = createIpServer(interfaceType);
-        verify(mIpNeighborMonitor).start();
         mIpServer.start();
 
         // Starting the state machine always puts us in a consistent state and notifies
         // the rest of the world that we've changed from an unknown to available state.
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        reset(mNetd, mCallback, mIpNeighborMonitor);
+        reset(mNetd, mCallback);
 
         when(mRaDaemon.start()).thenReturn(true);
     }
@@ -242,6 +236,7 @@
             throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(interfaceType, usingLegacyDhcp, usingBpfOffload);
         dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).addIpServer(mIpServer);
         if (upstreamIface != null) {
             InterfaceParams interfaceParams = mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(upstreamIface);
             assertNotNull("missing upstream interface: " + upstreamIface, interfaceParams);
@@ -250,8 +245,12 @@
             lp.setLinkAddresses(upstreamAddresses);
             dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(upstreamIface, lp, 0);
             Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes = getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(lp.getLinkAddresses());
-            verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                    mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, interfaceParams.index, upstreamPrefixes);
+            // One is called when handling CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED and the other one is called
+            // when upstream's LinkProperties is updated (updateUpstreamIPv6LinkProperties)
+            verify(mBpfCoordinator, times(2)).maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(
+                    interfaceParams.index, upstreamIface);
+            verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                    mIpServer, interfaceParams.index, upstreamPrefixes);
         }
         reset(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
         when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyInt(),
@@ -314,8 +313,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void startsOutAvailable() throws Exception {
-        when(mDependencies.getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor);
         mIpServer = createIpServer(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
         mIpServer.start();
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -557,8 +554,8 @@
         inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         // When tethering stops, upstream interface is set to zero and thus clearing all upstream
         // rules. Downstream rules are needed to be cleared explicitly by calling
         // BpfCoordinator#clearAllIpv6Rules in TetheredState#exit.
@@ -570,7 +567,7 @@
                 argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
         inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).releaseDownstream(any());
         inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadClientClear(mIpServer);
-        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
                 mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
@@ -765,8 +762,8 @@
         lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
         lp.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // Upstream link addresses change result in updating the rules.
@@ -774,8 +771,8 @@
         lp2.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
         lp2.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // When the upstream is lost, rules are removed.
@@ -784,53 +781,54 @@
         // - processMessage CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED for the upstream is lost.
         // - processMessage CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE for the IPv6 upstream is lost.
         // See dispatchTetherConnectionChanged.
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator, times(2)).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, times(2)).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // If the upstream is IPv4-only, no rules are added.
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // Rules are added again once upstream IPv6 connectivity is available.
         lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // If upstream IPv6 connectivity is lost, rules are removed.
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, null, 0);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // When upstream IPv6 connectivity comes back, rules are added.
         lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // When the downstream interface goes down, rules are removed.
         mIpServer.stop();
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mBpfCoordinator).clearAllIpv6Rules(mIpServer);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).removeIpServer(mIpServer);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void stopNeighborMonitoringWhenInterfaceDown() throws Exception {
+    public void removeIpServerWhenInterfaceDown() throws Exception {
         initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES,
                 false /* usingLegacyDhcp */, DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
 
         mIpServer.stop();
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        verify(mIpNeighborMonitor).stop();
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).removeIpServer(mIpServer);
     }
 
     private LinkProperties buildIpv6OnlyLinkProperties(final String iface) {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index 47ecf58..e54a7e0 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_TETHERING;
-import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
-import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
 import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
@@ -79,9 +77,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
@@ -100,11 +96,9 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
-import android.net.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
 import android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel;
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
-import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
@@ -119,12 +113,10 @@
 
 import com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
-import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
@@ -143,8 +135,6 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.ClientInfo;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6DownstreamRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6UpstreamRule;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
@@ -209,11 +199,6 @@
     private static final MacAddress MAC_B = MacAddress.fromString("11:22:33:00:00:0b");
     private static final MacAddress MAC_NULL = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00");
 
-    private static final LinkAddress UPSTREAM_ADDRESS = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:0:1234::168/64");
-    private static final LinkAddress UPSTREAM_ADDRESS2 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:0:abcd::168/64");
-    private static final Set<LinkAddress> UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES = Set.of(UPSTREAM_ADDRESS);
-    private static final Set<LinkAddress> UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2 =
-            Set.of(UPSTREAM_ADDRESS, UPSTREAM_ADDRESS2);
     private static final IpPrefix UPSTREAM_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:0:1234::/64");
     private static final IpPrefix UPSTREAM_PREFIX2 = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:0:abcd::/64");
     private static final Set<IpPrefix> UPSTREAM_PREFIXES = Set.of(UPSTREAM_PREFIX);
@@ -449,13 +434,6 @@
     @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mTetherConfig;
     @Mock private ConntrackMonitor mConntrackMonitor;
     @Mock private IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
-    @Mock private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
-    @Mock private IpServer.Dependencies mIpServerDeps;
-    @Mock private IpServer.Callback mIpServerCallback;
-    @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator mAddressCoordinator;
-    private final LateSdk<RoutingCoordinatorManager> mRoutingCoordinatorManager =
-            new LateSdk<>(SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() ? mock(RoutingCoordinatorManager.class) : null);
-    @Mock private TetheringMetrics mTetheringMetrics;
 
     // Late init since methods must be called by the thread that created this object.
     private TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder mTetherStatsProviderCb;
@@ -573,24 +551,8 @@
     @Before public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(true /* default value */);
-
-        // Simulate the behavior of RoutingCoordinator
-        if (null != mRoutingCoordinatorManager.value) {
-            doAnswer(it -> {
-                final String fromIface = (String) it.getArguments()[0];
-                final String toIface = (String) it.getArguments()[1];
-                mNetd.tetherAddForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                mNetd.ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                return null;
-            }).when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.value).addInterfaceForward(any(), any());
-            doAnswer(it -> {
-                final String fromIface = (String) it.getArguments()[0];
-                final String toIface = (String) it.getArguments()[1];
-                mNetd.ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                mNetd.tetherRemoveForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                return null;
-            }).when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.value).removeInterfaceForward(any(), any());
-        }
+        when(mIpServer.getInterfaceParams()).thenReturn(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+        when(mIpServer2.getInterfaceParams()).thenReturn(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2);
     }
 
     private void waitForIdle() {
@@ -603,70 +565,39 @@
         when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetStats()).thenReturn(new TetherStatsParcel[0]);
     }
 
-    @NonNull
-    private IpServer makeAndStartIpServer(String interfaceName, BpfCoordinator bpfCoordinator)
-            throws Exception {
-        final LinkAddress testAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.42.5/24");
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(any())).thenReturn(mRaDaemon);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE)).thenReturn(
-                DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE2)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(IPSEC_IFACE)).thenReturn(IPSEC_IFACE_PARAMS);
-        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyInt(),
-                anyBoolean())).thenReturn(testAddress);
-        when(mRaDaemon.start()).thenReturn(true);
-        ArgumentCaptor<NeighborEventConsumer> neighborEventCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NeighborEventConsumer.class);
-        doReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor).when(mIpServerDeps).getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(),
-                neighborEventCaptor.capture());
-        final IpServer ipServer = new IpServer(
-                interfaceName, mHandler, TETHERING_WIFI, new SharedLog("test"), mNetd,
-                bpfCoordinator, mRoutingCoordinatorManager, mIpServerCallback, mTetherConfig,
-                mAddressCoordinator, mTetheringMetrics, mIpServerDeps);
-        ipServer.start();
-        ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
-
-        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        lp.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, 0);
-
-        mNeighborEventConsumer = neighborEventCaptor.getValue();
-        return ipServer;
-    }
-
-    private void dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(IpServer ipServer, String upstreamIface,
-            LinkProperties v6lp, int ttlAdjustment) {
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, upstreamIface);
-        ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, ttlAdjustment, 0, v6lp);
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
-    }
-
-    private void dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(IpServer ipServer, String upstreamIface) {
-        final InterfaceSet ifs = (upstreamIface != null) ? new InterfaceSet(upstreamIface) : null;
-        ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED, ifs);
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+    private void dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(BpfCoordinator bpfCoordinator, IpServer ipServer,
+            int upstreamIfindex, String upstreamIface, Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes) {
+        bpfCoordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(upstreamIfindex, upstreamIface);
+        bpfCoordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(ipServer, upstreamIfindex, upstreamPrefixes);
+        when(ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamIfindex()).thenReturn(upstreamIfindex);
+        when(ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes()).thenReturn(upstreamPrefixes);
     }
 
     private void recvNewNeigh(int ifindex, InetAddress addr, short nudState, MacAddress mac) {
         mNeighborEventConsumer.accept(new NeighborEvent(0, RTM_NEWNEIGH, ifindex, addr,
                 nudState, mac));
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
     }
 
     private void recvDelNeigh(int ifindex, InetAddress addr, short nudState, MacAddress mac) {
         mNeighborEventConsumer.accept(new NeighborEvent(0, RTM_DELNEIGH, ifindex, addr,
                 nudState, mac));
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
     }
 
     @NonNull
     private BpfCoordinator makeBpfCoordinator() throws Exception {
+        return makeBpfCoordinator(true /* addDefaultIpServer */);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private BpfCoordinator makeBpfCoordinator(boolean addDefaultIpServer) throws Exception {
         // mStatsManager will be invoked twice if BpfCoordinator is created the second time.
         clearInvocations(mStatsManager);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NeighborEventConsumer> neighborCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NeighborEventConsumer.class);
+        doReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor).when(mDeps).getIpNeighborMonitor(neighborCaptor.capture());
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = new BpfCoordinator(mDeps);
+        mNeighborEventConsumer = neighborCaptor.getValue();
+        assertNotNull(mNeighborEventConsumer);
 
         mConsumer = coordinator.getBpfConntrackEventConsumerForTesting();
         mTetherClients = coordinator.getTetherClientsForTesting();
@@ -681,6 +612,10 @@
         mTetherStatsProviderCb = new TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder();
         mTetherStatsProvider.setProviderCallbackBinder(mTetherStatsProviderCb);
 
+        if (addDefaultIpServer) {
+            coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
+        }
+
         return coordinator;
     }
 
@@ -1008,7 +943,6 @@
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         // InOrder is required because mBpfStatsMap may be accessed by both
         // BpfCoordinator#tetherOffloadRuleAdd and BpfCoordinator#tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats.
@@ -1020,19 +954,18 @@
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule downstreamRule = buildTestDownstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
                 true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, upstreamRule);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, downstreamRule);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(inOrder, downstreamRule);
 
         // Removing the last rule on current upstream immediately sends the cleanup stuff to BPF.
         updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
                 buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0));
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, downstreamRule);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, upstreamRule);
         verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, mobileIfIndex);
@@ -1056,7 +989,6 @@
 
         doReturn(usingApiS).when(mDeps).isAtLeastS();
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
@@ -1092,7 +1024,6 @@
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         final String wlanIface = "wlan0";
         final Integer wlanIfIndex = 100;
@@ -1148,7 +1079,7 @@
         // [3] Stop coordinator.
         // Shutdown the coordinator and clear the invocation history, especially the
         // tetherOffloadGetStats() calls.
-        coordinator.stopPolling();
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         clearStatsInvocations();
 
         // Verify the polling update thread stopped.
@@ -1162,7 +1093,6 @@
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
@@ -1350,7 +1280,6 @@
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final int mobileIfIndex = 100;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         // [1] Default limit.
         // Set the unlimited quota as default if the service has never applied a data limit for a
@@ -1358,8 +1287,8 @@
         final Ipv6UpstreamRule rule = buildTestUpstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfUpstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap, mBpfStatsMap);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
                 true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, rule);
@@ -1395,7 +1324,6 @@
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final int mobileIfIndex = 100;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         // Applying a data limit to the current upstream does not take any immediate action.
         // The data limit could be only set on an upstream which has rules.
@@ -1408,31 +1336,30 @@
         // Adding the first rule on current upstream immediately sends the quota to BPF.
         final Ipv6UpstreamRule ruleA = buildTestUpstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, limit, true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleA);
         inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
 
         // Adding the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota to BPF.
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer2);
         final Ipv6UpstreamRule ruleB = buildTestUpstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC2);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer2, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer2, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleB);
         verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
 
         // Removing the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota to BPF.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer2, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer2, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleB);
         verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
 
         // Removing the last rule on current upstream immediately sends the cleanup stuff to BPF.
         updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
                 buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0));
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleA);
         verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, mobileIfIndex);
         inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
@@ -1448,8 +1375,6 @@
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer ethIfIndex = 100;
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 101;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(ethIfIndex, ethIface);
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap,
                 mBpfStatsMap);
@@ -1470,14 +1395,14 @@
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule ethernetRuleB = buildTestDownstreamRule(
                 ethIfIndex, NEIGH_B, MAC_B);
 
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, ethIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, ethIfIndex, ethIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, ethIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
                 true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetUpstreamRule);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, ethernetRuleA);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleA);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, ethernetRuleB);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_B, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_B);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleB);
 
         // [2] Update the existing rules from Ethernet to cellular.
@@ -1494,8 +1419,8 @@
 
         // Update the existing rules for upstream changes. The rules are removed and re-added one
         // by one for updating upstream interface index and prefixes by #tetherOffloadRuleUpdate.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleA);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleB);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetUpstreamRule);
@@ -1532,7 +1457,6 @@
         // #makeBpfCoordinator for testing.
         // See #testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfDownstream6Map.
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         // The tether stats polling task should not be scheduled.
         mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
@@ -1549,7 +1473,7 @@
         final InetAddress neigh = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
         final MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = buildTestDownstreamRule(ifIndex, neigh, mac);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, rule);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, neigh, NUD_REACHABLE, mac);
         verifyNeverAddDownstreamRule();
         LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6DownstreamRule> rules =
                 coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
@@ -1561,7 +1485,7 @@
         rules = new LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6DownstreamRule>();
         rules.put(rule.address, rule);
         coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().put(mIpServer, rules);
-        coordinator.removeIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, rule);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, neigh, NUD_STALE, mac);
         verifyNeverRemoveDownstreamRule();
         rules = coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
         assertNotNull(rules);
@@ -1575,8 +1499,8 @@
         assertEquals(1, rules.size());
 
         // The rule can't be updated.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS,
-                rule.upstreamIfindex + 1 /* new */, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        coordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(mIpServer, rule.upstreamIfindex + 1 /* new */,
+                UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyNeverRemoveDownstreamRule();
         verifyNeverAddDownstreamRule();
         rules = coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
@@ -1753,18 +1677,14 @@
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
 
         // [1] The default polling interval.
-        coordinator.startPolling();
         assertEquals(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
-        coordinator.stopPolling();
 
         // [2] Expect the invalid polling interval isn't applied. The valid range of interval is
         // DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS..max_long.
         for (final int interval
                 : new int[] {0, 100, DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS - 1}) {
             when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(interval);
-            coordinator.startPolling();
             assertEquals(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
-            coordinator.stopPolling();
         }
 
         // [3] Set a specific polling interval which is larger than default value.
@@ -1772,7 +1692,6 @@
         // approximation is used to verify the scheduled time of the polling thread.
         final int pollingInterval = 100_000;
         when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(pollingInterval);
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         // Expect the specific polling interval to be applied.
         assertEquals(pollingInterval, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
@@ -1800,19 +1719,19 @@
     public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoring() throws Exception {
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
-        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator(false /* addDefaultIpServer */);
 
         // [1] Don't stop monitoring if it has never started.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
 
         // [2] Start monitoring.
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).start();
         clearInvocations(mConntrackMonitor);
 
         // [3] Stop monitoring.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).stop();
     }
 
@@ -1823,12 +1742,12 @@
     public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoring_R() throws Exception {
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
-        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator(false /* addDefaultIpServer */);
 
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).start();
 
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
     }
 
@@ -1837,23 +1756,23 @@
     public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoringWithTwoDownstreamIfaces() throws Exception {
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
-        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator(false /* addDefaultIpServer */);
 
         // [1] Start monitoring at the first IpServer adding.
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).start();
         clearInvocations(mConntrackMonitor);
 
         // [2] Don't start monitoring at the second IpServer adding.
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer2);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer2);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).start();
 
         // [3] Don't stop monitoring if any downstream interface exists.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer2);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer2);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
 
         // [4] Stop monitoring if no downstream exists.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).stop();
     }
 
@@ -2016,9 +1935,8 @@
     public void testAddDevMapRule6() throws Exception {
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
 
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
                 eq(new TetherDevValue(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)));
         verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
@@ -2027,8 +1945,9 @@
 
         // Adding the second downstream, only the second downstream ifindex is added to DevMap,
         // the existing upstream ifindex won't be added again.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer2, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer2);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2)),
                 eq(new TetherDevValue(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2)));
         verify(mBpfDevMap, never()).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
@@ -2087,7 +2006,6 @@
                 .startMocking();
         try {
             final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-            coordinator.startPolling();
             bpfMap.insertEntry(tcpKey, tcpValue);
             bpfMap.insertEntry(udpKey, udpValue);
 
@@ -2116,7 +2034,7 @@
             ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(staticMockMarker(NetlinkUtils.class));
 
             // [3] Don't refresh conntrack timeout if polling stopped.
-            coordinator.stopPolling();
+            coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
             mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS);
             waitForIdle();
             ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(staticMockMarker(NetlinkUtils.class));
@@ -2855,8 +2773,9 @@
         final int myIfindex = DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX;
         final int notMyIfindex = myIfindex - 1;
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
 
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
 
@@ -2905,10 +2824,8 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
-        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
-        lp.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp, -1);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule ruleA2 = buildTestDownstreamRule(
                 UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule ruleB2 = buildTestDownstreamRule(
@@ -2922,11 +2839,9 @@
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(inOrder);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
-        // Upstream link addresses change result in updating the rules.
-        LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties();
-        lp2.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
-        lp2.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, -1);
+        // Upstream prefixes change result in updating the rules.
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ruleA2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ruleB2);
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
@@ -2936,7 +2851,7 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // When the upstream is lost, rules are removed.
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, null, null, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleA2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleB2);
@@ -2947,7 +2862,7 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // If the upstream is IPv4-only, no IPv6 rules are added to BPF map.
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
@@ -2957,8 +2872,8 @@
 
         // Rules can be added again once upstream IPv6 connectivity is available. The existing rules
         // with an upstream of NO_UPSTREAM are reapplied.
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, NEIGH_B, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_B);
@@ -2966,23 +2881,27 @@
 
         // If upstream IPv6 connectivity is lost, rules are removed.
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, null, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleB);
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
 
         // When upstream IPv6 connectivity comes back, upstream rules are added and downstream rules
         // are reapplied.
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(ruleB);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // When the downstream interface goes down, rules are removed.
-        ipServer.stop();
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Simulate receiving CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN in the BaseServingState of IpServer.
+        reset(mIpNeighborMonitor);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadClientClear(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
+
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleB);
@@ -3004,7 +2923,8 @@
         // [1] Enable BPF offload.
         // A neighbor that is added or deleted causes the rule to be added or removed.
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
@@ -3019,10 +2939,8 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // Upstream IPv6 connectivity change causes upstream rules change.
-        LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties();
-        lp2.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
-        lp2.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
@@ -3030,7 +2948,6 @@
         // A neighbor that is added or deleted doesn’t cause the rule to be added or removed.
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator2 = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer2 = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator2);
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
@@ -3043,7 +2960,8 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // Upstream IPv6 connectivity change doesn't cause the rule to be added or removed.
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
         verifyNeverRemoveDownstreamRule();
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
@@ -3053,7 +2971,6 @@
     public void doesNotStartIpNeighborMonitorIfBpfOffloadDisabled() throws Exception {
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
 
         // IP neighbor monitor doesn't start if BPF offload is disabled.
         verify(mIpNeighborMonitor, never()).start();
@@ -3062,15 +2979,10 @@
     @Test
     public void testSkipVirtualNetworkInBpf() throws Exception {
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
-        final LinkProperties v6Only = new LinkProperties();
-        v6Only.setInterfaceName(IPSEC_IFACE);
-        v6Only.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
 
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, IPSEC_IFACE, v6Only, 0);
-        verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, IPSEC_IFACE);
-        verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, IPSEC_IFACE);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, IPSEC_IFINDEX, IPSEC_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyNeverAddUpstreamRule();
 
         recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
@@ -3080,7 +2992,6 @@
     @Test
     public void addRemoveTetherClient() throws Exception {
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
         final int myIfindex = DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX;
         final int notMyIfindex = myIfindex - 1;
 
@@ -3089,33 +3000,36 @@
         final InetAddress neighLL = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("169.254.0.1");
         final InetAddress neighMC = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("224.0.0.1");
 
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+
         // Events on other interfaces are ignored.
         recvNewNeigh(notMyIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(ipServer));
+        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(mIpServer));
 
         // Events on this interface are received and sent to BpfCoordinator.
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertClientInfoExists(ipServer,
+        assertClientInfoExists(mIpServer,
                 new ClientInfo(myIfindex, DOWNSTREAM_MAC, (Inet4Address) neighA, MAC_A));
 
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_B);
-        assertClientInfoExists(ipServer,
+        assertClientInfoExists(mIpServer,
                 new ClientInfo(myIfindex, DOWNSTREAM_MAC, (Inet4Address) neighB, MAC_B));
 
         // Link-local and multicast neighbors are ignored.
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighLL, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(ipServer, (Inet4Address) neighLL);
+        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(mIpServer, (Inet4Address) neighLL);
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighMC, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(ipServer, (Inet4Address) neighMC);
+        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(mIpServer, (Inet4Address) neighMC);
 
         // A neighbor that is no longer valid causes the client to be removed.
         // NUD_FAILED events do not have a MAC address.
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_FAILED, null);
-        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(ipServer, (Inet4Address) neighA);
+        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(mIpServer, (Inet4Address) neighA);
 
         // A neighbor that is deleted causes the client to be removed.
         recvDelNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_STALE, MAC_B);
         // When last client information is deleted, IpServer will be removed from mTetherClients
-        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(ipServer));
+        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(mIpServer));
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
index da81bda..c0d7ad4 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 import android.net.ITetheringConnector;
 import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.os.Bundle;
@@ -311,7 +312,8 @@
                 result);
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringAllowed();
-        verify(mTethering).startTethering(eq(request), eq(TEST_CALLER_PKG), eq(result));
+        verify(mTethering).startTethering(
+                eq(new TetheringRequest(request)), eq(TEST_CALLER_PKG), eq(result));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 9f430af..e9cde28 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
 import android.net.TetheringInterface;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
-import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpLeaseParcelable;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
@@ -743,22 +743,21 @@
         doReturn(upstreamState).when(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).selectPreferredUpstreamType(any());
     }
 
-    private TetheringRequestParcel createTetheringRequestParcel(final int type) {
-        return createTetheringRequestParcel(type, null, null, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+    private TetheringRequest createTetheringRequest(final int type) {
+        return createTetheringRequest(type, null, null, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
     }
 
-    private TetheringRequestParcel createTetheringRequestParcel(final int type,
-            final LinkAddress serverAddr, final LinkAddress clientAddr, final boolean exempt,
-            final int scope) {
-        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
-        request.tetheringType = type;
-        request.localIPv4Address = serverAddr;
-        request.staticClientAddress = clientAddr;
-        request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = exempt;
-        request.showProvisioningUi = false;
-        request.connectivityScope = scope;
-
-        return request;
+    private TetheringRequest createTetheringRequest(final int type,
+            final LinkAddress localIPv4Address, final LinkAddress staticClientAddress,
+            final boolean exempt, final int scope) {
+        TetheringRequest.Builder builder = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type)
+                .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(exempt)
+                .setConnectivityScope(scope)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false);
+        if (localIPv4Address != null && staticClientAddress != null) {
+            builder.setStaticIpv4Addresses(localIPv4Address, staticClientAddress);
+        }
+        return builder.build();
     }
 
     @NonNull
@@ -911,7 +910,7 @@
 
     private void prepareNcmTethering() {
         // Emulate startTethering(TETHERING_NCM) called
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_NCM), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_NCM), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
@@ -919,7 +918,7 @@
 
     private void prepareUsbTethering() {
         // Emulate pressing the USB tethering button in Settings UI.
-        final TetheringRequestParcel request = createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB);
+        final TetheringRequest request = createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB);
         mTethering.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
 
@@ -1909,7 +1908,7 @@
         when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any(SoftApConfiguration.class))).thenReturn(true);
 
         // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mWifiManager, times(1)).startTetheredHotspot(null);
@@ -1938,7 +1937,7 @@
         when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any(SoftApConfiguration.class))).thenReturn(true);
 
         // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mWifiManager, times(1)).startTetheredHotspot(null);
@@ -1988,7 +1987,7 @@
         doThrow(new RemoteException()).when(mNetd).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
 
         // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mWifiManager, times(1)).startTetheredHotspot(null);
@@ -2334,7 +2333,7 @@
         tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
         assertArrayEquals(tetherState.availableList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
 
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
         tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
@@ -2430,11 +2429,11 @@
         initTetheringOnTestThread();
         final TetheredInterfaceRequest mockRequest = mock(TetheredInterfaceRequest.class);
         when(mEm.requestTetheredInterface(any(), any())).thenReturn(mockRequest);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_ETHERNET), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_ETHERNET), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mEm, times(1)).requestTetheredInterface(any(), any());
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_ETHERNET), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_ETHERNET), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mEm);
@@ -2644,7 +2643,7 @@
         final ResultListener thirdResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
 
         // Enable USB tethering and check that Tethering starts USB.
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 firstResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         firstResult.assertHasResult();
@@ -2652,7 +2651,7 @@
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mUsbManager);
 
         // Enable USB tethering again with the same request and expect no change to USB.
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 secondResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         secondResult.assertHasResult();
@@ -2661,7 +2660,7 @@
 
         // Enable USB tethering with a different request and expect that USB is stopped and
         // started.
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB,
                   serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
                   TEST_CALLER_PKG, thirdResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -2692,7 +2691,7 @@
         final int clientAddrParceled = 0xc0a8002a;
         final ArgumentCaptor<DhcpServingParamsParcel> dhcpParamsCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DhcpServingParamsParcel.class);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB,
                   serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
                   TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -2820,8 +2819,8 @@
     public void testExemptFromEntitlementCheck() throws Exception {
         initTetheringOnTestThread();
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
-        final TetheringRequestParcel wifiNotExemptRequest =
-                createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, false,
+        final TetheringRequest wifiNotExemptRequest =
+                createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, false,
                         CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         mTethering.startTethering(wifiNotExemptRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -2834,8 +2833,8 @@
         reset(mEntitleMgr);
 
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
-        final TetheringRequestParcel wifiExemptRequest =
-                createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, true,
+        final TetheringRequest wifiExemptRequest =
+                createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, true,
                         CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         mTethering.startTethering(wifiExemptRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -2954,7 +2953,7 @@
         when(mEm.requestTetheredInterface(any(), any())).thenReturn(mockRequest);
         final ArgumentCaptor<TetheredInterfaceCallback> callbackCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(TetheredInterfaceCallback.class);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_ETHERNET),
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_ETHERNET),
                 TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mEm).requestTetheredInterface(any(), callbackCaptor.capture());
@@ -3235,7 +3234,7 @@
 
         final ResultListener result = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
                 TEST_CALLER_PKG, result);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */, true /* bindToPanService */);
@@ -3272,7 +3271,7 @@
 
         final ResultListener result = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
                 TEST_CALLER_PKG, result);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */, true /* bindToPanService */);
@@ -3294,7 +3293,7 @@
         // already bound.
         mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
         final ResultListener secondResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
                 TEST_CALLER_PKG, secondResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */, false /* bindToPanService */);
@@ -3317,7 +3316,7 @@
         initTetheringOnTestThread();
         final ResultListener result = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
                 TEST_CALLER_PKG, result);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         ServiceListener panListener = verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */,
@@ -3487,7 +3486,7 @@
         // If TETHERING_USB is forced to use ncm function, TETHERING_NCM would no longer be
         // available.
         final ResultListener ncmResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL);
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_NCM), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_NCM), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 ncmResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         ncmResult.assertHasResult();
@@ -3638,7 +3637,7 @@
 
         when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any())).thenReturn(true);
         // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
-        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mWifiManager).startTetheredHotspot(null);
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt
index f8e98e3..2417385 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt
@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.internal.util.State
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachineShim.AsyncStateMachine
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachineShim.Dependencies
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtilsTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtilsTest.java
index 94ce2b6..f0770f9 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtilsTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtilsTest.java
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
  */
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
 
-import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
-import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNIX;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.EAGAIN;
@@ -25,8 +23,6 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK;
 
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
@@ -43,9 +39,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
-import com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts;
 
-import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -61,13 +55,6 @@
     private static final LinkAddress TEST_CLIENT_ADDR = new LinkAddress("192.168.43.5/24");
     private static final int PACKET_SIZE = 1500;
 
-    private TetheringRequestParcel mTetheringRequest;
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() {
-        mTetheringRequest = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
-    }
-
     public TetheringRequestParcel makeTetheringRequestParcel() {
         final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
         request.tetheringType = TETHERING_WIFI;
@@ -78,40 +65,6 @@
         return request;
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testIsTetheringRequestEquals() {
-        TetheringRequestParcel request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
-
-        assertTrue(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, mTetheringRequest));
-        assertTrue(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
-        assertTrue(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(null, null));
-        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, null));
-        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(null, mTetheringRequest));
-
-        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
-        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_USB;
-        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
-
-        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
-        request.localIPv4Address = null;
-        request.staticClientAddress = null;
-        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
-
-        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
-        request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = true;
-        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
-
-        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
-        request.showProvisioningUi = false;
-        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
-
-        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
-        request.connectivityScope = CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
-        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
-
-        MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals(6, TetheringRequestParcel.class);
-    }
-
     // Writes the specified packet to a filedescriptor, skipping the Ethernet header.
     // Needed because the Ipv6Utils methods for building packets always include the Ethernet header,
     // but socket filters applied by TetheringUtils expect the packet to start from the IP header.
diff --git a/bpf_progs/Android.bp b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
index 9e67415..1958aa8 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/Android.bp
+++ b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
@@ -85,16 +85,6 @@
 }
 
 bpf {
-    name: "gentle.o",
-    srcs: ["gentle.c"],
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-    sub_dir: "net_shared",
-}
-
-bpf {
     name: "offload.o",
     srcs: ["offload.c"],
     cflags: [
diff --git a/bpf_progs/block.c b/bpf_progs/block.c
index 353525e..152dda6 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/block.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/block.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 // The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 
@@ -76,4 +76,3 @@
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("ConnectivityNative");
 DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
-DISABLE_ON_MAINLINE_BEFORE_U_QPR3();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
index 95e9a4c..f83e5ae 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #include <linux/udp.h>
 
 // The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
@@ -431,4 +431,3 @@
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity");
 DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
-DISABLE_ON_MAINLINE_BEFORE_U_QPR3();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c b/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
index 8bb8ad5..ed114e4 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/dscpPolicy.c
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 // The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "dscpPolicy.h"
@@ -239,4 +239,3 @@
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity");
 DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
-DISABLE_ON_MAINLINE_BEFORE_U_QPR3();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/gentle.c b/bpf_progs/gentle.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ab9620e..0000000
--- a/bpf_progs/gentle.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
-
-#include "bpf_helpers.h"
-#include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
-
-DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(test, ARRAY, int, uint64_t, 1, AID_SYSTEM)
-
-DEFINE_BPF_PROG("skfilter/accept", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, accept)
-(struct __sk_buff *skb) {
-    return 1;
-}
-
-LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
-DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index c520c3c..b3cde45 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 // The resulting .o needs to load on Android T+
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 
 #include <bpf_helpers.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@
 // A single-element configuration array, packet tracing is enabled when 'true'.
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(packet_trace_enabled_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, bool, 1,
                    AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", PRIVATE,
-                   BPFLOADER_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
+                   BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
                    LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 
 // A ring buffer on which packet information is pushed.
 DEFINE_BPF_RINGBUF_EXT(packet_trace_ringbuf, PacketTrace, PACKET_TRACE_BUF_SIZE,
                        AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", PRIVATE,
-                       BPFLOADER_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
+                       BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
                        LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG);
 
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RO_NETD(data_saver_enabled_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, bool,
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
 // This program is optional, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+ on user builds.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$trace_user", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_ingress_trace_user, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
                     IGNORE_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, IGNORE_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
 // This program is required, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+, userdebug/eng.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$trace", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_ingress_trace, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
                     LOAD_ON_ENG, IGNORE_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
 // This program is optional, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+ on user builds.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/egress/stats$trace_user", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_egress_trace_user, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, OPTIONAL,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
                     IGNORE_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, IGNORE_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
 // This program is required, and enables tracing on Android U+, 5.8+, userdebug/eng.
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/egress/stats$trace", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
                     bpf_cgroup_egress_trace, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
+                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
                     "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
                     LOAD_ON_ENG, IGNORE_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
 }
 
 DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsockrelease/inet_release", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT,
-                            inet_socket_release, KVER_5_15)
+                            inet_socket_release, KVER_5_10)
 (struct bpf_sock* sk) {
     uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_sk_cookie(sk);
     if (cookie) bpf_cookie_tag_map_delete_elem(&cookie);
@@ -708,47 +708,52 @@
     return 1;
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect4/inet4_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet4_connect, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect4/inet4_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet4_connect, KVER_4_14)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect6/inet6_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet6_connect, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect6/inet6_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet6_connect, KVER_4_14)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg4/udp4_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_recvmsg, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg4/udp4_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_recvmsg, KVER_4_14)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg6/udp6_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_recvmsg, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg6/udp6_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_recvmsg, KVER_4_14)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg4/udp4_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_sendmsg, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg4/udp4_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_sendmsg, KVER_4_14)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg6/udp6_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_sendmsg, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg6/udp6_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_sendmsg, KVER_4_14)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("getsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, getsockopt_prog, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("getsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, getsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
 (struct bpf_sockopt *ctx) {
-    return 1;
+    // Tell kernel to return 'original' kernel reply (instead of the bpf modified buffer)
+    // This is important if the answer is larger than PAGE_SIZE (max size this bpf hook can provide)
+    ctx->optlen = 0;
+    return 1; // ALLOW
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("setsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, setsockopt_prog, KVER_5_15)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("setsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, setsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
 (struct bpf_sockopt *ctx) {
-    return 1;
+    // Tell kernel to use/process original buffer provided by userspace.
+    // This is important if it is larger than PAGE_SIZE (max size this bpf hook can handle).
+    ctx->optlen = 0;
+    return 1; // ALLOW
 }
 
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity and netd");
 DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
-DISABLE_ON_MAINLINE_BEFORE_U_QPR3();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.h b/bpf_progs/netd.h
index 332979b..4877a4b 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.h
@@ -270,5 +270,5 @@
 static inline bool is_system_uid(uint32_t uid) {
     // MIN_SYSTEM_UID is AID_ROOT == 0, so uint32_t is *always* >= 0
     // MAX_SYSTEM_UID is AID_NOBODY == 9999, while AID_APP_START == 10000
-    return (uid < AID_APP_START);
+    return ((uid % AID_USER_OFFSET) < AID_APP_START);
 }
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
index c7ac059..4f152bf 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@
 // BTF is incompatible with bpfloaders < v0.10, hence for S (v0.2) we must
 // ship a different file than for later versions, but we need bpfloader v0.25+
 // for obj@ver.o support
-#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
 #else /* MAINLINE */
-// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S & T bpfloaders
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader
 #define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_S_VERSION
-#define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
+#define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_T_VERSION
 #endif /* MAINLINE */
 
 // Warning: values other than AID_ROOT don't work for map uid on BpfLoader < v0.21
@@ -878,4 +878,3 @@
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity (Tethering)");
 DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
-DISABLE_ON_MAINLINE_BEFORE_U_QPR3();
diff --git a/common/flags.aconfig b/common/flags.aconfig
index bc4168b..b320b61 100644
--- a/common/flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/flags.aconfig
@@ -115,3 +115,11 @@
   description: "Flag for NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED API"
   bug: "343823469"
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "tethering_request_virtual"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for introducing TETHERING_VIRTUAL type"
+  bug: "340376953"
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index bc919ac..f076f5b 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@
         "com.android.net.thread.flags-aconfig",
         "nearby_flags",
     ],
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
 
 // This rule is not used anymore(b/268440216).
diff --git a/framework-t/lint-baseline.xml b/framework-t/lint-baseline.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e206ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1313 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha08" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha08">
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `SERVICE_NAME` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (ThreadNetworkFlags.threadEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `registerServiceWrappers` with `@FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                ThreadNetworkManager.SERVICE_NAME,"
+        errorLine2="                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java"
+            line="101"
+            column="38"/>
+    </issue>
+
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+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
index 2f675a9..d8cccb2 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -180,8 +180,18 @@
         return new ArrayList<>(mHostAddresses);
     }
 
-    /** Set the host addresses */
+    /**
+     * Set the host addresses.
+     *
+     * <p>When registering hosts/services, there can only be one registration including address
+     * records for a given hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>For example, if a client registers a service with the hostname "MyHost" and the address
+     * records of 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.2, then other registrations for the hostname "MyHost"
+     * must not have any address record, otherwise there will be a conflict.
+     */
     public void setHostAddresses(@NonNull List<InetAddress> addresses) {
+        // TODO: b/284905335 - Notify the client when there is a conflict.
         mHostAddresses.clear();
         mHostAddresses.addAll(addresses);
     }
diff --git a/framework/lint-baseline.xml b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
index 2c0b15f..dddabef 100644
--- a/framework/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -375,4 +375,279 @@
             column="34"/>
     </issue>
 
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.basicBackgroundRestrictionsEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="115"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="137"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="146"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="147"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.basicBackgroundRestrictionsEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="133"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="143"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="145"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="147"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.basicBackgroundRestrictionsEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;"
+        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="293"
+            column="31"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.blockedReasonOemDenyChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;"
+        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="296"
+            column="31"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6191"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6214"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6243"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6273"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED;"
+        errorLine2="                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="767"
+            column="51"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            defaultCapabilities |= (1L &lt;&lt; NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);"
+        errorLine2="                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="818"
+            column="43"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            (1L &lt;&lt; NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);"
+        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="849"
+            column="20"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Method `getSubscriptionIds()` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.requestRestrictedWifi())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="        final Set&lt;Integer> originalSubIds = getSubscriptionIds();"
+        errorLine2="                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="1254"
+            column="45"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TRANSPORT_SATELLITE` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.supportTransportSatellite())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="    public static final int MAX_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_SATELLITE;"
+        errorLine2="                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="1383"
+            column="45"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TRANSPORT_SATELLITE` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.supportTransportSatellite())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `specifierAcceptableForMultipleTransports` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                == (1 &lt;&lt; TRANSPORT_CELLULAR | 1 &lt;&lt; TRANSPORT_SATELLITE);"
+        errorLine2="                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="1836"
+            column="52"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityLocalNetwork())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `capabilityNameOf` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK:        return &quot;LOCAL_NETWORK&quot;;"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="2637"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `capabilityNameOf` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED:    return &quot;NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED&quot;;"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="2638"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TRANSPORT_SATELLITE` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.supportTransportSatellite())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="        TRANSPORT_SATELLITE"
+        errorLine2="        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java"
+            line="80"
+            column="9"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
+            line="291"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Method `getSubscriptionIds()` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.requestRestrictedWifi())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getSubscriptionIds` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="        return networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds();"
+        errorLine2="               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
+            line="887"
+            column="16"/>
+    </issue>
+
 </issues>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
index 4099e2a..282a11e 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Pair;
@@ -330,9 +331,9 @@
     ) {
         throwIfPreT("isUidBlockedByFirewallChains is not available on pre-T devices");
 
-        // System uid is not blocked by firewall chains, see bpf_progs/netd.c
-        // TODO: use UserHandle.isCore() once it is accessible
-        if (uid < Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
+        // System uids are not blocked by firewall chains, see bpf_progs/netd.c
+        // TODO: b/348513058 - use UserHandle.isCore() once it is accessible
+        if (UserHandle.getAppId(uid) < Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
             return false;
         }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 4eaf973..ffaf41f 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -71,23 +71,29 @@
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.LruCache;
 import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 import libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -1231,6 +1237,19 @@
     @GuardedBy("mTetheringEventCallbacks")
     private TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
 
+    // Cache of the most recently used NetworkCallback classes (not instances) -> method flags.
+    // 100 is chosen kind arbitrarily as an unlikely number of different types of NetworkCallback
+    // overrides that a process may have, and should generally not be reached (for example, the
+    // system server services.jar has been observed with dexdump to have only 16 when this was
+    // added, and a very large system services app only had 18).
+    // If this number is exceeded, the code will still function correctly, but re-registering
+    // using a network callback class that was used before, but 100+ other classes have been used in
+    // the meantime, will be a bit slower (as slow as the first registration) because
+    // getDeclaredMethodsFlag must re-examine the callback class to determine what methods it
+    // overrides.
+    private static final LruCache<Class<? extends NetworkCallback>, Integer> sMethodFlagsCache =
+            new LruCache<>(100);
+
     private final Object mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeaturesLock = new Object();
     // mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures is lazy-loaded in this ConnectivityManager instance, but
     // fetched from ConnectivityService, where it is loaded in ConnectivityService startup, so it
@@ -3996,6 +4015,55 @@
      */
     public static class NetworkCallback {
         /**
+         * Bitmask of method flags with all flags set.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int DECLARED_METHODS_ALL = ~0;
+
+        /**
+         * Bitmask of method flags with no flag set.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int DECLARED_METHODS_NONE = 0;
+
+        // Tracks whether an instance was created via reflection without calling the constructor.
+        private final boolean mConstructorWasCalled;
+
+        /**
+         * Annotation for NetworkCallback methods to verify filtering is configured properly.
+         *
+         * This is only used in tests to ensure that tests fail when a new callback is added, or
+         * callbacks are modified, without updating
+         * {@link NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder#NETWORK_CB_METHODS} properly.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+        @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public @interface FilteredCallback {
+            /**
+             * The NetworkCallback.METHOD_* ID of this method.
+             */
+            int methodId();
+
+            /**
+             * The ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_* message that this method is directly called by.
+             *
+             * If this method is not called by any message, this should be
+             * {@link #CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY}.
+             */
+            int calledByCallbackId();
+
+            /**
+             * If this method may call other NetworkCallback methods, an array of methods it calls.
+             *
+             * Only direct calls (not transitive calls) should be included. The IDs must be
+             * NetworkCallback.METHOD_* IDs.
+             */
+            int[] mayCall() default {};
+        }
+
+        /**
          * No flags associated with this callback.
          * @hide
          */
@@ -4058,6 +4126,7 @@
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid flags");
             }
             mFlags = flags;
+            mConstructorWasCalled = true;
         }
 
         /**
@@ -4075,7 +4144,9 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONPRECHECK, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_PRECHECK)
         public void onPreCheck(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONPRECHECK = 1;
 
         /**
          * Called when the framework connects and has declared a new network ready for use.
@@ -4090,6 +4161,11 @@
          * @param blocked Whether access to the {@link Network} is blocked due to system policy.
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_5ARGS,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                mayCall = { METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_4ARGS,
+                        METHOD_ONLOCALNETWORKINFOCHANGED,
+                        METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_INT })
         public final void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
                 @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
@@ -4102,6 +4178,7 @@
             if (null != localInfo) onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(network, localInfo);
             onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
         }
+        private static final int METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_5ARGS = 2;
 
         /**
          * Legacy variant of onAvailable that takes a boolean blocked reason.
@@ -4114,6 +4191,13 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_4ARGS,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY,
+                mayCall = { METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_1ARG,
+                        METHOD_ONNETWORKSUSPENDED,
+                        METHOD_ONCAPABILITIESCHANGED,
+                        METHOD_ONLINKPROPERTIESCHANGED
+                })
         public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
                 @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
@@ -4127,6 +4211,7 @@
             onLinkPropertiesChanged(network, linkProperties);
             // No call to onBlockedStatusChanged here. That is done by the caller.
         }
+        private static final int METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_4ARGS = 3;
 
         /**
          * Called when the framework connects and has declared a new network ready for use.
@@ -4157,7 +4242,10 @@
          *
          * @param network The {@link Network} of the satisfying network.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_1ARG,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY)
         public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_1ARG = 4;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network is about to be lost, typically because there are no outstanding
@@ -4176,7 +4264,9 @@
          *                    connected for graceful handover; note that the network may still
          *                    suffer a hard loss at any time.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLOSING, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_LOSING)
         public void onLosing(@NonNull Network network, int maxMsToLive) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLOSING = 5;
 
         /**
          * Called when a network disconnects or otherwise no longer satisfies this request or
@@ -4197,7 +4287,9 @@
          *
          * @param network The {@link Network} lost.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLOST, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_LOST)
         public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLOST = 6;
 
         /**
          * Called if no network is found within the timeout time specified in
@@ -4207,7 +4299,9 @@
          * {@link NetworkRequest} will have already been removed and released, as if
          * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} had been called.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONUNAVAILABLE, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_UNAVAIL)
         public void onUnavailable() {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONUNAVAILABLE = 7;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network corresponding to this request changes capabilities but still
@@ -4224,8 +4318,11 @@
          * @param networkCapabilities The new {@link NetworkCapabilities} for this
          *                            network.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONCAPABILITIESCHANGED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED)
         public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONCAPABILITIESCHANGED = 8;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network corresponding to this request changes {@link LinkProperties}.
@@ -4240,8 +4337,11 @@
          * @param network The {@link Network} whose link properties have changed.
          * @param linkProperties The new {@link LinkProperties} for this network.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLINKPROPERTIESCHANGED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED)
         public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLINKPROPERTIESCHANGED = 9;
 
         /**
          * Called when there is a change in the {@link LocalNetworkInfo} for this network.
@@ -4253,8 +4353,11 @@
          * @param localNetworkInfo the new {@link LocalNetworkInfo} for this network.
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLOCALNETWORKINFOCHANGED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED)
         public void onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull LocalNetworkInfo localNetworkInfo) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLOCALNETWORKINFOCHANGED = 10;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request suspends data
@@ -4273,7 +4376,10 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONNETWORKSUSPENDED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_SUSPENDED)
         public void onNetworkSuspended(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONNETWORKSUSPENDED = 11;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request
@@ -4287,7 +4393,9 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONNETWORKRESUMED, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_RESUMED)
         public void onNetworkResumed(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONNETWORKRESUMED = 12;
 
         /**
          * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked.
@@ -4300,7 +4408,10 @@
          * @param network The {@link Network} whose blocked status has changed.
          * @param blocked The blocked status of this {@link Network}.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_BOOL,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY)
         public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, boolean blocked) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_BOOL = 13;
 
         /**
          * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked, or the reason for
@@ -4318,10 +4429,14 @@
          * @param blocked The blocked status of this {@link Network}.
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_INT,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED,
+                mayCall = { METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_BOOL })
         @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
         public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, @BlockedReason int blocked) {
             onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked != 0);
         }
+        private static final int METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_INT = 14;
 
         private NetworkRequest networkRequest;
         private final int mFlags;
@@ -4349,6 +4464,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static final int CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY     = 0;
     /** @hide */
     public static final int CALLBACK_PRECHECK                   = 1;
     /** @hide */
@@ -4374,9 +4490,11 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED = 12;
 
+
     /** @hide */
     public static String getCallbackName(int whichCallback) {
         switch (whichCallback) {
+            case CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY: return "CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY";
             case CALLBACK_PRECHECK:     return "CALLBACK_PRECHECK";
             case CALLBACK_AVAILABLE:    return "CALLBACK_AVAILABLE";
             case CALLBACK_LOSING:       return "CALLBACK_LOSING";
@@ -4394,6 +4512,68 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class NetworkCallbackMethod {
+        @NonNull
+        public final String mName;
+        @NonNull
+        public final Class<?>[] mParameterTypes;
+        // Bitmask of CALLBACK_* that may transitively call this method.
+        public final int mCallbacksCallingThisMethod;
+
+        public NetworkCallbackMethod(@NonNull String name, @NonNull Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
+                int callbacksCallingThisMethod) {
+            mName = name;
+            mParameterTypes = parameterTypes;
+            mCallbacksCallingThisMethod = callbacksCallingThisMethod;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Holder class for the list of NetworkCallbackMethod. This ensures the list is only created
+    // once on first usage, and not just on ConnectivityManager class initialization.
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder {
+        public static final NetworkCallbackMethod[] NETWORK_CB_METHODS =
+                new NetworkCallbackMethod[] {
+                        method("onPreCheck", 1 << CALLBACK_PRECHECK, Network.class),
+                        // Note the final overload of onAvailable is not included, since it cannot
+                        // match any overridden method.
+                        method("onAvailable", 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE, Network.class),
+                        method("onAvailable", 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, NetworkCapabilities.class,
+                                LinkProperties.class, boolean.class),
+                        method("onLosing", 1 << CALLBACK_LOSING, Network.class, int.class),
+                        method("onLost", 1 << CALLBACK_LOST, Network.class),
+                        method("onUnavailable", 1 << CALLBACK_UNAVAIL),
+                        method("onCapabilitiesChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, NetworkCapabilities.class),
+                        method("onLinkPropertiesChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, LinkProperties.class),
+                        method("onLocalNetworkInfoChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, LocalNetworkInfo.class),
+                        method("onNetworkSuspended",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_SUSPENDED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE, Network.class),
+                        method("onNetworkResumed",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_RESUMED, Network.class),
+                        method("onBlockedStatusChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, boolean.class),
+                        method("onBlockedStatusChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, int.class),
+                };
+
+        private static NetworkCallbackMethod method(
+                String name, int callbacksCallingThisMethod, Class<?>... args) {
+            return new NetworkCallbackMethod(name, args, callbacksCallingThisMethod);
+        }
+    }
+
     private static class CallbackHandler extends Handler {
         private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityManager.CallbackHandler";
         private static final boolean DBG = false;
@@ -4513,6 +4693,14 @@
         if (reqType != TRACK_DEFAULT && reqType != TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT && need == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("null NetworkCapabilities");
         }
+
+
+        final boolean useDeclaredMethods = isFeatureEnabled(
+                FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS);
+        // Set all bits if the feature is disabled
+        int declaredMethodsFlag = useDeclaredMethods
+                ? tryGetDeclaredMethodsFlag(callback)
+                : NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
         final NetworkRequest request;
         final String callingPackageName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         try {
@@ -4529,11 +4717,12 @@
                 if (reqType == LISTEN) {
                     request = mService.listenForNetwork(
                             need, messenger, binder, callbackFlags, callingPackageName,
-                            getAttributionTag());
+                            getAttributionTag(), declaredMethodsFlag);
                 } else {
                     request = mService.requestNetwork(
                             asUid, need, reqType.ordinal(), messenger, timeoutMs, binder,
-                            legacyType, callbackFlags, callingPackageName, getAttributionTag());
+                            legacyType, callbackFlags, callingPackageName, getAttributionTag(),
+                            declaredMethodsFlag);
                 }
                 if (request != null) {
                     sCallbacks.put(request, callback);
@@ -4548,6 +4737,108 @@
         return request;
     }
 
+    private int tryGetDeclaredMethodsFlag(@NonNull NetworkCallback cb) {
+        if (!cb.mConstructorWasCalled) {
+            // Do not use the optimization if the callback was created via reflection or mocking,
+            // as for example with dexmaker-mockito-inline methods will be instrumented without
+            // using subclasses. This does not catch all cases as it is still possible to call the
+            // constructor when creating mocks, but by default constructors are not called in that
+            // case.
+            return NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
+        try {
+            return getDeclaredMethodsFlag(cb.getClass());
+        } catch (LinkageError e) {
+            // This may happen if some methods reference inaccessible classes in their arguments
+            // (for example b/261807130).
+            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get methods from NetworkCallback class", e);
+            // Fall through
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            // Log.wtf would be best but this is in app process, so the TerribleFailureHandler may
+            // have unknown effects, possibly crashing the app (default behavior on eng builds or
+            // if the WTF_IS_FATAL setting is set).
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected error while getting methods from NetworkCallback class", e);
+            // Fall through
+        }
+        return NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+    }
+
+    private static int getDeclaredMethodsFlag(@NonNull Class<? extends NetworkCallback> clazz) {
+        final Integer cachedFlags = sMethodFlagsCache.get(clazz);
+        // As this is not synchronized, it is possible that this method will calculate the
+        // flags for a given class multiple times, but that is fine. LruCache itself is thread-safe.
+        if (cachedFlags != null) {
+            return cachedFlags;
+        }
+
+        int flag = 0;
+        // This uses getMethods instead of getDeclaredMethods, to make sure that if A overrides B
+        // that overrides NetworkCallback, A.getMethods also returns methods declared by B.
+        for (Method classMethod : clazz.getMethods()) {
+            final Class<?> declaringClass = classMethod.getDeclaringClass();
+            if (declaringClass == NetworkCallback.class) {
+                // The callback is as defined by NetworkCallback and not overridden
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (declaringClass == Object.class) {
+                // Optimization: no need to try to match callbacks for methods declared by Object
+                continue;
+            }
+            flag |= getCallbackIdsCallingThisMethod(classMethod);
+        }
+
+        if (flag == 0) {
+            // dexmaker-mockito-inline (InlineDexmakerMockMaker), for example for mockito-extended,
+            // modifies bytecode of classes in-place to add hooks instead of creating subclasses,
+            // which would not be detected. When no method is found, fall back to enabling callbacks
+            // for all methods.
+            // This will not catch the case where both NetworkCallback bytecode is modified and a
+            // subclass of NetworkCallback that has some overridden methods are used. But this kind
+            // of bytecode injection is only possible in debuggable processes, with a JVMTI debug
+            // agent attached, so it should not cause real issues.
+            // There may be legitimate cases where an empty callback is filed with no method
+            // overridden, for example requestNetwork(requestForCell, new NetworkCallback()) which
+            // would ensure that one cell network stays up. But there is no way to differentiate
+            // such NetworkCallbacks from a mock that called the constructor, so this code will
+            // register the callback with DECLARED_METHODS_ALL and turn off the optimization in that
+            // case. Apps are not expected to do this often anyway since the usefulness is very
+            // limited.
+            flag = NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
+        sMethodFlagsCache.put(clazz, flag);
+        return flag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find out which of the base methods in NetworkCallback will call this method.
+     *
+     * For example, in the case of onLinkPropertiesChanged, this will be
+     * (1 << CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED) | (1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE).
+     */
+    private static int getCallbackIdsCallingThisMethod(@NonNull Method method) {
+        for (NetworkCallbackMethod baseMethod : NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder.NETWORK_CB_METHODS) {
+            if (!baseMethod.mName.equals(method.getName())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Class<?>[] methodParams = method.getParameterTypes();
+
+            // As per JLS 8.4.8.1., a method m1 must have a subsignature of method m2 to override
+            // it. And as per JLS 8.4.2, this means the erasure of the signature of m2 must be the
+            // same as the signature of m1. Since type erasure is done at compile time, with
+            // reflection the erased types are already observed, so the (erased) parameter types
+            // must be equal.
+            // So for example a method that is identical to a NetworkCallback method, except with
+            // one parameter being a subclass of the parameter in the original method, will never
+            // be called since it is not an override (the erasure of the arguments are not the same)
+            // Therefore, the method is an override only if methodParams is exactly equal to
+            // the base method's parameter types.
+            if (Arrays.equals(baseMethod.mParameterTypes, methodParams)) {
+                return baseMethod.mCallbacksCallingThisMethod;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     private boolean isFeatureEnabled(@ConnectivityManagerFeature long connectivityManagerFeature) {
         synchronized (mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeaturesLock) {
             if (mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures == null) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index f9de8ed..988cc92 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@
 
     NetworkRequest requestNetwork(int uid, in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, int reqType,
             in Messenger messenger, int timeoutSec, in IBinder binder, int legacy,
-            int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+            int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag,
+            int declaredMethodsFlag);
 
     NetworkRequest pendingRequestForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             in PendingIntent operation, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@
 
     NetworkRequest listenForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             in Messenger messenger, in IBinder binder, int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName,
-            String callingAttributionTag);
+            String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlag);
 
     void pendingListenForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             in PendingIntent operation, String callingPackageName,
diff --git a/nearby/framework/Android.bp b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
index 4be102c..41a28a0 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
@@ -58,4 +58,7 @@
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/tests:__subpackages__",
     ],
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
diff --git a/nearby/framework/lint-baseline.xml b/nearby/framework/lint-baseline.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1081ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/framework/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha08" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha08">
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="529"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="573"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="605"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index e9c6d8a..0d4a5c4 100644
--- a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 using base::StartsWith;
 using base::EndsWith;
 using std::string;
+using std::vector;
 
 static bool exists(const char* const path) {
     int v = access(path, F_OK);
@@ -248,6 +249,22 @@
     return tv;
 }
 
+static bool isWear() {
+    static string wearSdkStr = base::GetProperty("ro.cw_build.wear_sdk.version", "");
+    static int wearSdkInt = base::GetIntProperty("ro.cw_build.wear_sdk.version", 0);
+    static string buildChars = base::GetProperty("ro.build.characteristics", "");
+    static vector<string> v = base::Tokenize(buildChars, ",");
+    static bool watch = (std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), "watch") != v.end());
+    static bool wear = (wearSdkInt > 0) || watch;
+    static bool logged = false;
+    if (!logged) {
+        logged = true;
+        ALOGI("isWear(ro.cw_build.wear_sdk.version=%d[%s] ro.build.characteristics='%s'): %s",
+              wearSdkInt, wearSdkStr.c_str(), buildChars.c_str(), wear ? "true" : "false");
+    }
+    return wear;
+}
+
 static int doLoad(char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
     const bool runningAsRoot = !getuid();  // true iff U QPR3 or V+
 
@@ -402,7 +419,8 @@
          * and 32-bit userspace on 64-bit kernel bpf ringbuffer compatibility is broken.
          */
         ALOGE("64-bit userspace required on 6.2+ kernels.");
-        if (!isTV()) return 1;
+        // Stuff won't work reliably, but exempt TVs & Arm Wear devices
+        if (!isTV() && !(isWear() && isArm())) return 1;
     }
 
     // Ensure we can determine the Android build type.
diff --git a/netbpfload/loader.cpp b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
index bb7c56f..5141095 100644
--- a/netbpfload/loader.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
@@ -1124,20 +1124,11 @@
             readSectionUint("bpfloader_max_ver", elfFile, DEFAULT_BPFLOADER_MAX_VER);
     unsigned int bpfLoaderMinRequiredVer =
             readSectionUint("bpfloader_min_required_ver", elfFile, 0);
-    unsigned int netBpfLoadMinVer =
-            readSectionUint("netbpfload_min_ver", elfFile, 0);
     size_t sizeOfBpfMapDef =
             readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, DEFAULT_SIZEOF_BPF_MAP_DEF);
     size_t sizeOfBpfProgDef =
             readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, DEFAULT_SIZEOF_BPF_PROG_DEF);
 
-    // temporary hack to enable gentle enablement of mainline NetBpfLoad
-    if (bpfloader_ver < netBpfLoadMinVer) {
-        ALOGI("NetBpfLoad version %d ignoring ELF object %s with netbpfload min ver %d",
-              bpfloader_ver, elfPath, netBpfLoadMinVer);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
     // inclusive lower bound check
     if (bpfloader_ver < bpfLoaderMinVer) {
         ALOGI("BpfLoader version 0x%05x ignoring ELF object %s with min ver 0x%05x",
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.33rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.33rc
index d269ce9..493731f 100644
--- a/netbpfload/netbpfload.33rc
+++ b/netbpfload/netbpfload.33rc
@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
     file /dev/kmsg w
     rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
     oneshot
-    # TODO: reboot_on_failure reboot,netbpfload-failed
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,netbpfload-failed
     override
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index fe25255..9682545 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -115,23 +115,27 @@
     }
 
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
-        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 15, 0)) {
-            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT4_PROG_PATH,
-                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT));
-            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT6_PROG_PATH,
-                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT))    ;
-            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG));
-            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG));
-            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG));
-            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT4_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT6_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG));
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH,
                                         cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT));
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH,
                                         cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT));
+        }
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_INET_RELEASE_PROG_PATH,
                                         cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE));
         }
@@ -155,15 +159,19 @@
     }
 
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
-        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 15, 0)) {
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
             if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
             if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
+        }
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
             if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE) <= 0) abort();
         }
     }
@@ -208,24 +216,18 @@
     }
 
     if (!mainlineNetBpfLoadDone()) {
-        const bool enforce_mainline = false; // TODO: flip to true
-
         // We're on < U QPR3 & it's the first time netd is starting up (unless crashlooping)
         //
         // On U QPR3+ netbpfload is guaranteed to run before the platform bpfloader,
         // so waitForProgsLoaded() implies mainlineNetBpfLoadDone().
         if (!base::SetProperty("ctl.start", "mdnsd_netbpfload")) {
             ALOGE("Failed to set property ctl.start=mdnsd_netbpfload, see dmesg for reason.");
-            if (enforce_mainline) abort();
+            abort();
         }
 
-        if (enforce_mainline) {
-            ALOGI("Waiting for Networking BPF programs");
-            waitForNetProgsLoaded();
-            ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
-        } else {
-            ALOGI("Started mdnsd_netbpfload asynchronously.");
-        }
+        ALOGI("Waiting for Networking BPF programs");
+        waitForNetProgsLoaded();
+        ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
     }
 
     ALOGI("BPF programs are loaded");
@@ -258,7 +260,10 @@
 }
 
 Status BpfHandler::initMaps() {
-    mapLockTest();
+    // bpfLock() requires bpfGetFdMapId which is only available on 4.14+ kernels.
+    if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+        mapLockTest();
+    }
 
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapA.init(STATS_MAP_A_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapB.init(STATS_MAP_B_PATH));
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index 42efcac..b870477 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
          * Get the ID of a conflicting registration due to host, or -1 if none.
          *
          * <p>If there's already another registration with the same hostname requested by another
-         * user, this is a conflict.
+         * UID, this is a conflict.
          *
          * <p>If there're two registrations both containing address records using the same hostname,
          * this is a conflict.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8f6859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.java
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.ethernet;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.ip.IIpClient;
+import android.net.ip.IpClientCallbacks;
+import android.net.ip.IpClientManager;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.State;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * EthernetInterfaceStateMachine manages the lifecycle of an ethernet-like network interface which
+ * includes managing a NetworkOffer, IpClient, and NetworkAgent as well as making the interface
+ * available as a tethering downstream.
+ *
+ * All methods exposed by this class *must* be called on the Handler thread provided in the
+ * constructor.
+ */
+class EthernetInterfaceStateMachine extends SyncStateMachine {
+    private static final String TAG = EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final int CMD_ON_LINK_UP          = 1;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN        = 2;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED   = 3;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_NETWORK_UNNEEDED = 4;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_IPCLIENT_CREATED = 5;
+
+    private class EthernetNetworkOfferCallback implements NetworkOfferCallback {
+        private final Set<Integer> mRequestIds = new ArraySet<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkNeeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+            if (this != mNetworkOfferCallback) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mRequestIds.add(request.requestId);
+            if (mRequestIds.size() == 1) {
+                processMessage(CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkUnneeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+            if (this != mNetworkOfferCallback) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!mRequestIds.remove(request.requestId)) {
+                // This can only happen if onNetworkNeeded was not called for a request or if
+                // the requestId changed. Both should *never* happen.
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "onNetworkUnneeded called for unknown request");
+            }
+            if (mRequestIds.isEmpty()) {
+                processMessage(CMD_ON_NETWORK_UNNEEDED);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class EthernetIpClientCallback extends IpClientCallbacks {
+        private final ConditionVariable mOnQuitCv = new ConditionVariable(false);
+
+        private void safelyPostOnHandler(Runnable r) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                if (this != mIpClientCallback) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                r.run();
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onIpClientCreated(IIpClient ipClient) {
+            safelyPostOnHandler(() -> {
+                // TODO: add a SyncStateMachine#processMessage(cmd, obj) overload.
+                processMessage(CMD_ON_IPCLIENT_CREATED, 0, 0,
+                        mDependencies.makeIpClientManager(ipClient));
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void waitOnQuit() {
+            if (!mOnQuitCv.block(5_000 /* timeoutMs */)) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Timed out waiting on IpClient to shutdown.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onQuit() {
+            mOnQuitCv.open();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable EthernetNetworkOfferCallback mNetworkOfferCallback;
+    private @Nullable EthernetIpClientCallback mIpClientCallback;
+    private @Nullable IpClientManager mIpClient;
+    private final String mIface;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final NetworkCapabilities mCapabilities;
+    private final NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
+    private final EthernetNetworkFactory.Dependencies mDependencies;
+    private boolean mLinkUp = false;
+
+    /** Interface is in tethering mode. */
+    private class TetheringState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_UP:
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN:
+                    // TODO: think about what to do here.
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Link is down */
+    private class LinkDownState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_UP:
+                    transitionTo(mStoppedState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN:
+                    // do nothing, already in the correct state.
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Parent states of all states that do not cause a NetworkOffer to be extended. */
+    private class NetworkOfferExtendedState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            if (mNetworkOfferCallback != null) {
+                // This should never happen. If it happens anyway, log and move on.
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Previous NetworkOffer was never retracted");
+            }
+
+            mNetworkOfferCallback = new EthernetNetworkOfferCallback();
+            final NetworkScore defaultScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+            mNetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(defaultScore,
+                    new NetworkCapabilities(mCapabilities), cmd -> mHandler.post(cmd),
+                    mNetworkOfferCallback);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_UP:
+                    // do nothing, already in the correct state.
+                    return HANDLED;
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN:
+                    transitionTo(mLinkDownState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void exit() {
+            mNetworkProvider.unregisterNetworkOffer(mNetworkOfferCallback);
+            mNetworkOfferCallback = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Offer is extended but has not been requested.
+     *
+     * StoppedState's sole purpose is to react to a CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED and transition to
+     * StartedState when that happens. Note that StoppedState could be rolled into
+     * NetworkOfferExtendedState. However, keeping the states separate provides some additional
+     * protection by logging a Log.wtf if a CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED is received in an unexpected state
+     * (i.e. StartedState or RunningState). StoppedState is a child of NetworkOfferExtendedState.
+     */
+    private class StoppedState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED:
+                    transitionTo(mStartedState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Network is needed, starts IpClient and manages its lifecycle */
+    private class StartedState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            mIpClientCallback = new EthernetIpClientCallback();
+            mDependencies.makeIpClient(mContext, mIface, mIpClientCallback);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_NETWORK_UNNEEDED:
+                    transitionTo(mStoppedState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+                case CMD_ON_IPCLIENT_CREATED:
+                    mIpClient = (IpClientManager) msg.obj;
+                    transitionTo(mRunningState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void exit() {
+            if (mIpClient != null) {
+                mIpClient.shutdown();
+                // TODO: consider adding a StoppingState and making the shutdown operation
+                // asynchronous.
+                mIpClientCallback.waitOnQuit();
+            }
+            mIpClientCallback = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** IpClient is running, starts provisioning and registers NetworkAgent */
+    private class RunningState extends State {
+
+    }
+
+    private final TetheringState mTetheringState = new TetheringState();
+    private final LinkDownState mLinkDownState = new LinkDownState();
+    private final NetworkOfferExtendedState mOfferExtendedState = new NetworkOfferExtendedState();
+    private final StoppedState mStoppedState = new StoppedState();
+    private final StartedState mStartedState = new StartedState();
+    private final RunningState mRunningState = new RunningState();
+
+    public EthernetInterfaceStateMachine(String iface, Handler handler, Context context,
+            NetworkCapabilities capabilities, NetworkProvider provider,
+            EthernetNetworkFactory.Dependencies deps) {
+        super(TAG + "." + iface, handler.getLooper().getThread());
+
+        mIface = iface;
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mContext = context;
+        mCapabilities = capabilities;
+        mNetworkProvider = provider;
+        mDependencies = deps;
+
+        // Interface lifecycle:
+        //           [ LinkDownState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //             *link comes up*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [ StoppedState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //           *network is needed*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [ StartedState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //           *IpClient is created*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [ RunningState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //  *interface is requested for tethering*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [TetheringState]
+        //
+        // Tethering mode is special as the interface is configured by Tethering, rather than the
+        // ethernet module.
+        final List<StateInfo> states = new ArrayList<>();
+        states.add(new StateInfo(mTetheringState, null));
+
+        // CHECKSTYLE:OFF IndentationCheck
+        // Initial state
+        states.add(new StateInfo(mLinkDownState, null));
+        states.add(new StateInfo(mOfferExtendedState, null));
+            states.add(new StateInfo(mStoppedState, mOfferExtendedState));
+            states.add(new StateInfo(mStartedState, mOfferExtendedState));
+                states.add(new StateInfo(mRunningState, mStartedState));
+        // CHECKSTYLE:ON IndentationCheck
+        addAllStates(states);
+
+        // TODO: set initial state to TetheringState if a tethering interface has been requested and
+        // this is the first interface to be added.
+        start(mLinkDownState);
+    }
+
+    public boolean updateLinkState(boolean up) {
+        if (mLinkUp == up) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: consider setting mLinkUp as part of processMessage().
+        mLinkUp = up;
+        if (!up) { // was up, goes down
+            processMessage(CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN);
+        } else { // was down, comes up
+            processMessage(CMD_ON_LINK_UP);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/lint-baseline.xml b/service/lint-baseline.xml
index 3e11d52..b09589c 100644
--- a/service/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/service/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -3,17 +3,6 @@
 
     <issue
         id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 33 (current min is 30): `getUidRule`"
-        errorLine1="        return BpfNetMapsReader.getUidRule(sUidOwnerMap, childChain, uid);"
-        errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java"
-            line="643"
-            column="33"/>
-    </issue>
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
         message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `BpfBitmap`"
         errorLine1="                return new BpfBitmap(BLOCKED_PORTS_MAP_PATH);"
         errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index b3e7d8c..44868b2d 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -580,6 +580,7 @@
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public int getUidRule(final int childChain, final int uid) {
         return BpfNetMapsUtils.getUidRule(sUidOwnerMap, childChain, uid);
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index be1d3c7..310db9a 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
@@ -109,7 +111,6 @@
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
-import static android.system.OsConstants.F_OK;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
@@ -137,8 +138,6 @@
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING;
 
-import static java.util.Map.Entry;
-
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.CheckResult;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -279,7 +278,6 @@
 import android.stats.connectivity.ValidatedState;
 import android.sysprop.NetworkProperties;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
@@ -393,7 +391,6 @@
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.SortedSet;
 import java.util.StringJoiner;
@@ -1791,7 +1788,7 @@
         mDefaultRequest = new NetworkRequestInfo(
                 Process.myUid(), defaultInternetRequest, null,
                 null /* binder */, NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO,
-                null /* attributionTags */);
+                null /* attributionTags */, DECLARED_METHODS_NONE);
         mNetworkRequests.put(defaultInternetRequest, mDefaultRequest);
         mDefaultNetworkRequests.add(mDefaultRequest);
         mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("REGISTER " + mDefaultRequest);
@@ -1845,33 +1842,6 @@
                 new PermissionMonitor(mContext, mNetd, mBpfNetMaps, mHandlerThread);
         mHandlerThread.start();
         mHandler = new InternalHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
-        // Temporary hack to report netbpfload result.
-        // TODO: remove in 2024-09 when netbpfload starts loading mainline bpf programs.
-        mHandler.postDelayed(() -> {
-            // Test Pitot pipeline, ignore this Log.wtf if it shows up in the logs.
-            final Random r = new Random();
-            if (Build.TYPE.equals("user") && r.nextInt(1000) == 0) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "NOT A FAILURE, PLEASE IGNORE! Test Pitot pipeline works correctly");
-            }
-            // Did netbpfload create the map?
-            try {
-                Os.access("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared/map_gentle_test", F_OK);
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "netbpfload did not create map", e);
-            }
-            // Did netbpfload create the program?
-            try {
-                Os.access("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared/prog_gentle_skfilter_accept", F_OK);
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "netbpfload did not create program", e);
-            }
-            // Did netbpfload run to completion?
-            try {
-                Os.access("/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/mainline_done", F_OK);
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "netbpfload did not run to completion", e);
-            }
-        }, 30_000 /* delayMillis */);
         mTrackerHandler = new NetworkStateTrackerHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
         mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler =
                 new ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
@@ -2205,7 +2175,7 @@
             handleRegisterNetworkRequest(new NetworkRequestInfo(
                     Process.myUid(), networkRequest, null /* messenger */, null /* binder */,
                     NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO,
-                    null /* attributionTags */));
+                    null /* attributionTags */, DECLARED_METHODS_NONE));
         } else {
             handleReleaseNetworkRequest(networkRequest, Process.SYSTEM_UID,
                     /* callOnUnavailable */ false);
@@ -7607,6 +7577,8 @@
         // Preference order of this request.
         final int mPreferenceOrder;
 
+        final int mDeclaredMethodsFlags;
+
         // In order to preserve the mapping of NetworkRequest-to-callback when apps register
         // callbacks using a returned NetworkRequest, the original NetworkRequest needs to be
         // maintained for keying off of. This is only a concern when the original nri
@@ -7660,21 +7632,22 @@
             mCallbackFlags = NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
             mPreferenceOrder = preferenceOrder;
+            mDeclaredMethodsFlags = DECLARED_METHODS_NONE;
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r, @Nullable final Messenger m,
                 @Nullable final IBinder binder,
                 @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlags) {
             this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), r, m, binder, callbackFlags,
-                    callingAttributionTag);
+                    callingAttributionTag, declaredMethodsFlags);
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
                 @NonNull final NetworkRequest requestForCallback, @Nullable final Messenger m,
                 @Nullable final IBinder binder,
                 @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlags) {
             super();
             ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
             mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
@@ -7689,6 +7662,7 @@
             mCallbackFlags = callbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
             mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
+            mDeclaredMethodsFlags = declaredMethodsFlags;
             linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
@@ -7729,6 +7703,7 @@
             mCallingAttributionTag = nri.mCallingAttributionTag;
             mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus = nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus;
             mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
+            mDeclaredMethodsFlags = nri.mDeclaredMethodsFlags;
             linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
@@ -7816,7 +7791,8 @@
                     + (mPendingIntent == null ? "" : " to trigger " + mPendingIntent)
                     + " callback flags: " + mCallbackFlags
                     + " order: " + mPreferenceOrder
-                    + " isUidTracked: " + mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus;
+                    + " isUidTracked: " + mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus
+                    + " declaredMethods: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(mDeclaredMethodsFlags);
         }
     }
 
@@ -7954,7 +7930,21 @@
     public NetworkRequest requestNetwork(int asUid, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             int reqTypeInt, Messenger messenger, int timeoutMs, final IBinder binder,
             int legacyType, int callbackFlags, @NonNull String callingPackageName,
-            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlag) {
+        if (declaredMethodsFlag == 0) {
+            // This could happen if raw binder calls are used to call the previous overload of
+            // requestNetwork, as missing int arguments in a binder call end up as 0
+            // (Parcel.readInt returns 0 at the end of a parcel). Such raw calls this would be
+            // really unexpected bad behavior from the caller though.
+            // TODO: remove after verifying this does not happen. This could allow enabling the
+            // optimization for callbacks that do not override any method (right now they use
+            // DECLARED_METHODS_ALL), if it is OK to break NetworkCallbacks created using
+            // dexmaker-mockito-inline and either spy() or MockSettings.useConstructor (see
+            // comment in ConnectivityManager which sets the flag to DECLARED_METHODS_ALL).
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "requestNetwork called without declaredMethodsFlag from "
+                    + callingPackageName);
+            declaredMethodsFlag = DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
         if (legacyType != TYPE_NONE && !hasNetworkStackPermission()) {
             if (isTargetSdkAtleast(Build.VERSION_CODES.M, mDeps.getCallingUid(),
                     callingPackageName)) {
@@ -8046,7 +8036,7 @@
                 nextNetworkRequestId(), reqType);
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = getNriToRegister(
                 asUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
-                callingAttributionTag);
+                callingAttributionTag, declaredMethodsFlag);
         if (DBG) log("requestNetwork for " + nri);
         trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST, nri);
         if (timeoutMs > 0) {
@@ -8072,7 +8062,7 @@
     private NetworkRequestInfo getNriToRegister(final int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest nr,
             @Nullable final Messenger msgr, @Nullable final IBinder binder,
             @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlags) {
         final List<NetworkRequest> requests;
         if (NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT == nr.type) {
             requests = copyDefaultNetworkRequestsForUid(
@@ -8081,7 +8071,8 @@
             requests = Collections.singletonList(nr);
         }
         return new NetworkRequestInfo(
-                asUid, requests, nr, msgr, binder, callbackFlags, callingAttributionTag);
+                asUid, requests, nr, msgr, binder, callbackFlags, callingAttributionTag,
+                declaredMethodsFlags);
     }
 
     private boolean shouldCheckCapabilitiesDeclaration(
@@ -8218,21 +8209,13 @@
             // Policy already enforced.
             return;
         }
-        if (mDeps.isAtLeastV()) {
-            if (mBpfNetMaps.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {
-                // If UID is restricted, don't allow them to bring up metered APNs.
-                networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
-        try {
-            if (mPolicyManager.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {
-                // If UID is restricted, don't allow them to bring up metered APNs.
-                networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
-            }
-        } finally {
-            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        final boolean isRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks = mDeps.isAtLeastV()
+                ? mBpfNetMaps.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)
+                : BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(() ->
+                        mPolicyManager.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid));
+        if (isRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks) {
+            // If UID is restricted, don't allow them to bring up metered APNs.
+            networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
         }
     }
 
@@ -8371,7 +8354,13 @@
     public NetworkRequest listenForNetwork(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             Messenger messenger, IBinder binder,
             @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-            @NonNull String callingPackageName, @NonNull String callingAttributionTag) {
+            @NonNull String callingPackageName, @NonNull String callingAttributionTag,
+            int declaredMethodsFlag) {
+        if (declaredMethodsFlag == 0) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "listenForNetwork called without declaredMethodsFlag from "
+                    + callingPackageName);
+            declaredMethodsFlag = DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
         final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
         if (!hasWifiNetworkListenPermission(networkCapabilities)) {
             enforceAccessPermission();
@@ -8393,7 +8382,7 @@
                 NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN);
         NetworkRequestInfo nri =
                 new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
-                        callingAttributionTag);
+                        callingAttributionTag, declaredMethodsFlag);
         if (VDBG) log("listenForNetwork for " + nri);
 
         trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER, nri);
@@ -9835,7 +9824,8 @@
             configBuilder.setUpstreamSelector(nr);
             final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(
                     nai.creatorUid, nr, null /* messenger */, null /* binder */,
-                    0 /* callbackFlags */, null /* attributionTag */);
+                    0 /* callbackFlags */, null /* attributionTag */,
+                    DECLARED_METHODS_NONE);
             if (null != oldSatisfier) {
                 // Set the old satisfier in the new NRI so that the rematch will see any changes
                 nri.setSatisfier(oldSatisfier, nr);
@@ -10206,6 +10196,11 @@
             // are Type.LISTEN, but should not have NetworkCallbacks invoked.
             return;
         }
+        if (mUseDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksEnabled
+                && (nri.mDeclaredMethodsFlags & (1 << notificationType)) == 0) {
+            // No need to send the notification as the recipient method is not overridden
+            return;
+        }
         final Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
         // TODO b/177608132: make sure callbacks are indexed by NRIs and not NetworkRequest objects.
         // TODO: check if defensive copies of data is needed.
@@ -11830,6 +11825,10 @@
                         return 0;
                     }
                     case "get-package-networking-enabled": {
+                        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastT()) {
+                            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                                    "This command is not supported on T-");
+                        }
                         final String packageName = getNextArg();
                         final int rule = getPackageFirewallRule(
                                 ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3, packageName);
@@ -11859,6 +11858,10 @@
                         return 0;
                     }
                     case "get-background-networking-enabled-for-uid": {
+                        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastT()) {
+                            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                                    "This command is not supported on T-");
+                        }
                         final Integer uid = parseIntegerArgument(getNextArg());
                         if (null == uid) {
                             onHelp();
@@ -13907,6 +13910,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private int getPackageFirewallRule(final int chain, final String packageName)
             throws PackageManager.NameNotFoundException {
         final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
@@ -13914,6 +13918,7 @@
         return getUidFirewallRule(chain, appId);
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     @Override
     public int getUidFirewallRule(final int chain, final int uid) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
index b1c770b..e808746 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-import com.android.net.module.util.SingleWriterBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.ClatEgress4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.ClatEgress4Value;
@@ -257,7 +256,8 @@
         @Nullable
         public IBpfMap<ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value> getBpfIngress6Map() {
             try {
-                return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(CLAT_INGRESS6_MAP_PATH,
+                // written from clatd.c
+                return new BpfMap<>(CLAT_INGRESS6_MAP_PATH,
                        ClatIngress6Key.class, ClatIngress6Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create ingress6 map: " + e);
@@ -269,7 +269,8 @@
         @Nullable
         public IBpfMap<ClatEgress4Key, ClatEgress4Value> getBpfEgress4Map() {
             try {
-                return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(CLAT_EGRESS4_MAP_PATH,
+                // written from clatd.c
+                return new BpfMap<>(CLAT_EGRESS4_MAP_PATH,
                        ClatEgress4Key.class, ClatEgress4Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create egress4 map: " + e);
diff --git a/staticlibs/Android.bp b/staticlibs/Android.bp
index e2834b0..34ea9ab 100644
--- a/staticlibs/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/Android.bp
@@ -39,12 +39,13 @@
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/DomainUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/FdEventsReader.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/FeatureVersions.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkMonitorUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketReader.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/SharedLog.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java",
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/FeatureVersions.java",
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java",
         // This library is used by system modules, for which the system health impact of Kotlin
         // has not yet been evaluated. Annotations may need jarjar'ing.
         // "src_devicecommon/**/*.kt",
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@
         "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-statemachine",
         "net-utils-framework-common",
     ],
     libs: [
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@
         "//apex_available:platform",
     ],
     lint: {
-        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
         error_checks: ["NewApi"],
     },
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java
index 33e5bfa..a2dbd81 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java
@@ -24,10 +24,13 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.ipChecksum;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.tcpChecksum;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.udpChecksum;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPPROTO_FRAGMENT;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_LENGTH_OFFSET;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_LEN_OFFSET;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_LENGTH_OFFSET;
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.FragmentHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.TcpHeader;
@@ -47,6 +51,10 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
 
 /**
  * The class is used to build a packet.
@@ -210,6 +218,20 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void writeFragmentHeader(ByteBuffer buffer, short nextHeader, int offset,
+            boolean mFlag, int id) throws IOException {
+        if ((offset & 7) != 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Invalid offset value, must be multiple of 8");
+        }
+        final FragmentHeader fragmentHeader = new FragmentHeader(nextHeader,
+                offset | (mFlag ? 1 : 0), id);
+        try {
+            fragmentHeader.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | BufferOverflowException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Error writing to buffer: ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Finalize the packet.
      *
@@ -219,9 +241,31 @@
      */
     @NonNull
     public ByteBuffer finalizePacket() throws IOException {
+        // If the packet is finalized with L2 mtu greater than or equal to its current size, it will
+        // either return a List of size 1 or throw an IOException if something goes wrong.
+        return finalizePacket(mBuffer.position()).get(0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finalizes the packet with specified link MTU.
+     *
+     * Call after writing L4 header (no payload) or L4 payload to the buffer used by the builder.
+     * L3 header length, L3 header checksum and L4 header checksum are calculated and written back
+     * after finalization.
+     *
+     * @param l2mtu the maximum size, in bytes, of each individual packet. If the packet size
+     *              exceeds the l2mtu, it will be fragmented into smaller packets.
+     * @return a list of packet(s), each containing a portion of the original L3 payload.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<ByteBuffer> finalizePacket(int l2mtu) throws IOException {
         // [1] Finalize IPv4 or IPv6 header.
         int ipHeaderOffset = INVALID_OFFSET;
         if (mIpv4HeaderOffset != INVALID_OFFSET) {
+            if (mBuffer.position() > l2mtu) {
+                throw new IOException("IPv4 fragmentation is not supported");
+            }
+
             ipHeaderOffset = mIpv4HeaderOffset;
 
             // Populate the IPv4 totalLength field.
@@ -243,12 +287,15 @@
         }
 
         // [2] Finalize TCP or UDP header.
+        final int ipPayloadOffset;
         if (mTcpHeaderOffset != INVALID_OFFSET) {
+            ipPayloadOffset = mTcpHeaderOffset;
             // Populate the TCP header checksum field.
             mBuffer.putShort(mTcpHeaderOffset + TCP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, tcpChecksum(mBuffer,
                     ipHeaderOffset /* ipOffset */, mTcpHeaderOffset /* transportOffset */,
                     mBuffer.position() - mTcpHeaderOffset /* transportLen */));
         } else if (mUdpHeaderOffset != INVALID_OFFSET) {
+            ipPayloadOffset = mUdpHeaderOffset;
             // Populate the UDP header length field.
             mBuffer.putShort(mUdpHeaderOffset + UDP_LENGTH_OFFSET,
                     (short) (mBuffer.position() - mUdpHeaderOffset));
@@ -257,11 +304,81 @@
             mBuffer.putShort(mUdpHeaderOffset + UDP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, udpChecksum(mBuffer,
                     ipHeaderOffset /* ipOffset */, mUdpHeaderOffset /* transportOffset */));
         } else {
-            throw new IOException("Packet is missing neither TCP nor UDP header");
+            throw new IOException("Packet has neither TCP nor UDP header");
         }
 
-        mBuffer.flip();
-        return mBuffer;
+        if (mBuffer.position() <= l2mtu) {
+            mBuffer.flip();
+            return Arrays.asList(mBuffer);
+        }
+
+        // IPv6 Packet is fragmented into multiple smaller packets that would fit within the link
+        // MTU.
+        // Refer to https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460
+        //
+        // original packet:
+        // +------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |    first     |    second    |      |   last   |
+        // |       Part       |   fragment   |   fragment   | .... | fragment |
+        // +------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+
+        //
+        // fragment packets:
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |Fragment|    first     |
+        // |       Part       | Header |   fragment   |
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        //
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |Fragment|    second    |
+        // |       Part       | Header |   fragment   |
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        //                       o
+        //                       o
+        //                       o
+        // +------------------+--------+----------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |Fragment|   last   |
+        // |       Part       | Header | fragment |
+        // +------------------+--------+----------+
+        final List<ByteBuffer> fragments = new ArrayList<>();
+        final int totalPayloadLen = mBuffer.position() - ipPayloadOffset;
+        final int perPacketPayloadLen = l2mtu - ipPayloadOffset - IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN;
+        final short protocol = (short) Byte.toUnsignedInt(
+                mBuffer.get(mIpv6HeaderOffset + IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET));
+        Random random = new Random();
+        final int id = random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        int startOffset = 0;
+        // Copy the packet content to a byte array.
+        byte[] packet = new byte[mBuffer.position()];
+        // The ByteBuffer#get(int index, byte[] dst) method is only available in API level 35 and
+        // above. Here, we use a more primitive approach: reposition the ByteBuffer to the beginning
+        // before copying, then return its position to the end afterward.
+        mBuffer.position(0);
+        mBuffer.get(packet);
+        mBuffer.position(packet.length);
+        while (startOffset < totalPayloadLen) {
+            int copyPayloadLen = Math.min(perPacketPayloadLen, totalPayloadLen - startOffset);
+            // The data portion must be broken into segments aligned with 8-octet boundaries.
+            // Therefore, the payload length should be a multiple of 8 bytes for all fragments
+            // except the last one.
+            // See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc791 section 3.2
+            if (copyPayloadLen != totalPayloadLen - startOffset) {
+                copyPayloadLen &= ~7;
+            }
+            ByteBuffer fragment = ByteBuffer.allocate(ipPayloadOffset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN
+                    + copyPayloadLen);
+            fragment.put(packet, 0, ipPayloadOffset);
+            writeFragmentHeader(fragment, protocol, startOffset,
+                    startOffset + copyPayloadLen < totalPayloadLen, id);
+            fragment.put(packet, ipPayloadOffset + startOffset, copyPayloadLen);
+            fragment.putShort(mIpv6HeaderOffset + IPV6_LEN_OFFSET,
+                    (short) (IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN + copyPayloadLen));
+            fragment.put(mIpv6HeaderOffset + IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET, (byte) IPPROTO_FRAGMENT);
+            fragment.flip();
+            fragments.add(fragment);
+            startOffset += copyPayloadLen;
+        }
+
+        return fragments;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java
index 5e6a6c6..51671a6 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.util.SocketUtils.closeSocket;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
-import android.os.Build;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.system.NetlinkSocketAddress;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
@@ -41,7 +40,11 @@
     /**
      * Make a socket address to communicate with netlink.
      */
-    @NonNull @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    // NetlinkSocketAddress was CorePlatformApi on R and linter warns this is available on S+.
+    // android.net.util.SocketUtils.makeNetlinkSocketAddress can be used instead, but this method
+    // has been used on R, so suppress the linter and keep as it is.
+    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
+    @NonNull
     public static SocketAddress makeNetlinkSocketAddress(int portId, int groupsMask) {
         return new NetlinkSocketAddress(portId, groupsMask);
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachine.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java
similarity index 96%
rename from Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachine.java
rename to staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java
index a17eb26..da184d3 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachine.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -165,6 +165,11 @@
      * The message is processed sequentially, so calling this method recursively is not permitted.
      * In other words, using this method inside State#enter, State#exit, or State#processMessage
      * is incorrect and will result in an IllegalStateException.
+     *
+     * @param what is assigned to Message.what
+     * @param arg1 is assigned to Message.arg1
+     * @param arg2 is assigned to Message.arg2
+     * @param obj  is assigned to Message.obj
      */
     public final void processMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, @Nullable Object obj) {
         ensureCorrectThread();
@@ -189,6 +194,15 @@
         mCurrentlyProcessing = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Synchronously process a message and perform state transition.
+     *
+     * @param what is assigned to Message.what.
+     */
+    public final void processMessage(int what) {
+        processMessage(what, 0, 0, null);
+    }
+
     private void maybeProcessSelfMessageQueue() {
         while (!mSelfMsgQueue.isEmpty()) {
             currentStateProcessMessageThenPerformTransitions(mSelfMsgQueue.poll());
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
index df7010e..0c49edc 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
@@ -62,6 +62,17 @@
         mInterfaceName = null;
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public RtNetlinkLinkMessage(@NonNull StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr,
+            int mtu, @NonNull StructIfinfoMsg ifinfomsg, @NonNull MacAddress hardwareAddress,
+            @NonNull String interfaceName) {
+        super(nlmsghdr);
+        mMtu = mtu;
+        mIfinfomsg = ifinfomsg;
+        mHardwareAddress = hardwareAddress;
+        mInterfaceName = interfaceName;
+    }
+
     public int getMtu() {
         return mMtu;
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
index 319d51a..a8c50d8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@
     public static final int IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET = 6;
     public static final int IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET = 8;
     public static final int IPV6_DST_ADDR_OFFSET = 24;
+    public static final int IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET = 4;
     public static final int IPV6_MIN_MTU = 1280;
+    public static final int IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN = 4;
     public static final int IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN = 8;
     public static final int RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH = 64;
     // getSockOpt() for v6 MTU
@@ -141,6 +143,8 @@
     public static final Inet6Address IPV6_ADDR_ALL_HOSTS_MULTICAST =
             (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff02::3");
 
+    public static final int IPPROTO_FRAGMENT = 44;
+
     /**
      * ICMP constants.
      *
diff --git a/staticlibs/lint-baseline.xml b/staticlibs/lint-baseline.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ee3a43..0000000
--- a/staticlibs/lint-baseline.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha04" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha04">
-
-    <issue
-        id="NewApi"
-        message="Call requires API level 31 (current min is 30): `makeNetlinkSocketAddress`"
-        errorLine1="            Os.bind(fd, makeNetlinkSocketAddress(0, mBindGroups));"
-        errorLine2="                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
-        <location
-            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/ip/NetlinkMonitor.java"
-            line="111"
-            column="25"/>
-    </issue>
-
-</issues>
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
index e11a9e2..4ddec8b 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
@@ -117,9 +117,6 @@
     unsigned _btf_min_bpfloader_ver SECTION("btf_min_bpfloader_ver") = 39u; \
     unsigned _btf_user_min_bpfloader_ver SECTION("btf_user_min_bpfloader_ver") = 0xFFFFFFFFu
 
-#define DISABLE_ON_MAINLINE_BEFORE_U_QPR3() \
-    unsigned _netbpfload_min_ver SECTION("netbpfload_min_ver") = BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_QPR3_VERSION;
-
 /* flag the resulting bpf .o file as critical to system functionality,
  * loading all kernel version appropriate programs in it must succeed
  * for bpfloader success
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
index fa466f8..e9f8858 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
         "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests/integration",
     ],
     lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
         test: true,
     },
 }
@@ -56,4 +57,26 @@
     ],
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    lint: {
+        strict_updatability_linting: true,
+    },
+}
+
+python_test_host {
+    name: "NetworkStaticLibHostPythonTests",
+    srcs: [
+        "host/python/*.py",
+    ],
+    main: "host/python/run_tests.py",
+    libs: [
+        "mobly",
+        "net-tests-utils-host-python-common",
+    ],
+    test_config: "host/python/test_config.xml",
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    test_options: {
+        unit_test: true,
+    },
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/adb_utils_test.py b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/adb_utils_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b75d464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/adb_utils_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from net_tests_utils.host.python import adb_utils
+from net_tests_utils.host.python.assert_utils import UnexpectedBehaviorError
+
+
+class TestAdbUtils(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.mock_ad = MagicMock()  # Mock Android device object
+    self.mock_ad.log = MagicMock()
+    self.mock_ad.adb.shell.return_value = b""  # Default empty return for shell
+
+  @patch(
+      "net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry"
+  )
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils._set_screen_state")
+  def test_set_doze_mode_enable(
+      self, mock_set_screen_state, mock_expect_dumpsys_state
+  ):
+    adb_utils.set_doze_mode(self.mock_ad, True)
+    mock_set_screen_state.assert_called_once_with(self.mock_ad, False)
+
+  @patch(
+      "net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry"
+  )
+  def test_set_doze_mode_disable(self, mock_expect_dumpsys_state):
+    adb_utils.set_doze_mode(self.mock_ad, False)
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils._get_screen_state")
+  def test_set_screen_state_success(self, mock_get_screen_state):
+    mock_get_screen_state.side_effect = [False, True]  # Simulate toggle
+    adb_utils._set_screen_state(self.mock_ad, True)
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils._get_screen_state")
+  def test_set_screen_state_failure(self, mock_get_screen_state):
+    mock_get_screen_state.return_value = False  # State doesn't change
+    with self.assertRaises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+      adb_utils._set_screen_state(self.mock_ad, True)
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys")
+  def test_get_screen_state(self, mock_get_value):
+    # Test cases for different return values of get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys
+    # TODO: Make it parameterized.
+    test_cases = [
+        ("Awake", True),
+        ("Asleep", False),
+        ("Dozing", False),
+        ("SomeOtherState", False),
+    ]
+
+    for state_str, expected_result in test_cases:
+      mock_get_value.return_value = state_str
+      self.assertEqual(
+          adb_utils._get_screen_state(self.mock_ad), expected_result
+      )
+
+  def test_get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys(self):
+    self.mock_ad.adb.shell.return_value = (
+        b"mWakefulness=Awake\nmOtherKey=SomeValue"
+    )
+    result = adb_utils.get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys(
+        self.mock_ad, "power", "mWakefulness"
+    )
+    self.assertEqual(result, "Awake")
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys")
+  def test_expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry_success(self, mock_get_value):
+    # Test cases for different combinations of expected_state and get_value return value
+    # TODO: Make it parameterized.
+    test_cases = [
+        (True, ["true"]),  # Expect True, get True
+        (False, ["false"]),  # Expect False, get False
+        (
+            True,
+            ["false", "true"],
+        ),  # Expect True, get False which is unexpected, then get True
+        (
+            False,
+            ["true", "false"],
+        ),  # Expect False, get True which is unexpected, then get False
+    ]
+
+    for expected_state, returned_value in test_cases:
+      mock_get_value.side_effect = returned_value
+      # Verify the method returns and does not throw.
+      adb_utils.expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+          self.mock_ad, "service", "key", expected_state, 0
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys")
+  def test_expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry_failure(self, mock_get_value):
+    mock_get_value.return_value = "false"
+    with self.assertRaises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+      adb_utils.expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+          self.mock_ad, "service", "key", True, 0
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys")
+  def test_expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry_not_found(self, mock_get_value):
+    # Simulate the get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys cannot find the give key.
+    mock_get_value.return_value = None
+
+    # Expect the function to raise UnexpectedBehaviorError due to the exception
+    with self.assertRaises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+      adb_utils.expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+          self.mock_ad, "service", "key", True
+      )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/apf_utils_test.py b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/apf_utils_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7fb93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/apf_utils_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from net_tests_utils.host.python.apf_utils import (
+    PatternNotFoundException,
+    get_apf_counter,
+    get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys,
+)
+
+
+class TestApfUtils(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.mock_ad = MagicMock()  # Mock Android device object
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.get_dumpsys_for_service")
+  def test_get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys_success(
+      self, mock_get_dumpsys: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+    mock_get_dumpsys.return_value = """
+IpClient.wlan0
+  APF packet counters:
+    COUNTER_NAME1: 123
+    COUNTER_NAME2: 456
+"""
+    iface_name = "wlan0"
+    counters = get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys(self.mock_ad, iface_name)
+    self.assertEqual(counters, {"COUNTER_NAME1": 123, "COUNTER_NAME2": 456})
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.get_dumpsys_for_service")
+  def test_get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys_exceptions(
+      self, mock_get_dumpsys: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+    test_cases = [
+        "",
+        "IpClient.wlan0\n",
+        "IpClient.wlan0\n APF packet counters:\n",
+        """
+IpClient.wlan1
+  APF packet counters:
+    COUNTER_NAME1: 123
+    COUNTER_NAME2: 456
+""",
+    ]
+
+    for dumpsys_output in test_cases:
+      mock_get_dumpsys.return_value = dumpsys_output
+      with self.assertRaises(PatternNotFoundException):
+        get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys(self.mock_ad, "wlan0")
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.apf_utils.get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys")
+  def test_get_apf_counter(self, mock_get_counters: MagicMock) -> None:
+    iface = "wlan0"
+    mock_get_counters.return_value = {
+        "COUNTER_NAME1": 123,
+        "COUNTER_NAME2": 456,
+    }
+    self.assertEqual(get_apf_counter(self.mock_ad, iface, "COUNTER_NAME1"), 123)
+    # Not found
+    self.assertEqual(get_apf_counter(self.mock_ad, iface, "COUNTER_NAME3"), 0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/assert_utils_test.py b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/assert_utils_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b970d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/assert_utils_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+from net_tests_utils.host.python.assert_utils import UnexpectedBehaviorError, expect_with_retry
+
+
+class TestAssertUtils(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def test_predicate_succeed(self):
+    """Test when the predicate becomes True within retries."""
+    call_count = 0
+
+    def predicate():
+      nonlocal call_count
+      call_count += 1
+      return call_count > 2  # True on the third call
+
+    expect_with_retry(predicate, max_retries=5, retry_interval_sec=0)
+    self.assertEqual(call_count, 3)  # Ensure it was called exactly 3 times
+
+  def test_predicate_failed(self):
+    """Test when the predicate never becomes True."""
+
+    with self.assertRaises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+      expect_with_retry(
+          predicate=lambda: False, max_retries=3, retry_interval_sec=0
+      )
+
+  def test_retry_action_not_called_succeed(self):
+    """Test that the retry_action is not called if the predicate returns true in the first try."""
+    retry_action_called = False
+
+    def retry_action():
+      nonlocal retry_action_called
+      retry_action_called = True
+
+    expect_with_retry(
+        predicate=lambda: True,
+        retry_action=retry_action,
+        max_retries=5,
+        retry_interval_sec=0,
+    )
+    self.assertFalse(retry_action_called)  # Assert retry_action was NOT called
+
+  def test_retry_action_not_called_failed(self):
+    """Test that the retry_action is not called if the max_retries is reached."""
+    retry_action_called = False
+
+    def retry_action():
+      nonlocal retry_action_called
+      retry_action_called = True
+
+    with self.assertRaises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+      expect_with_retry(
+          predicate=lambda: False,
+          retry_action=retry_action,
+          max_retries=1,
+          retry_interval_sec=0,
+      )
+    self.assertFalse(retry_action_called)  # Assert retry_action was NOT called
+
+  def test_retry_action_called(self):
+    """Test that the retry_action is executed when provided."""
+    retry_action_called = False
+
+    def retry_action():
+      nonlocal retry_action_called
+      retry_action_called = True
+
+    with self.assertRaises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+      expect_with_retry(
+          predicate=lambda: False,
+          retry_action=retry_action,
+          max_retries=2,
+          retry_interval_sec=0,
+      )
+    self.assertTrue(retry_action_called)
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/run_tests.py b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/run_tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c44f1a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/run_tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+"""Main entrypoint for all of unittest."""
+
+import unittest
+
+# Import all unittest classes here, so it can be discovered by unittest module.
+# TODO: make the tests can be executed without manually import classes.
+from host.python.adb_utils_test import TestAdbUtils
+from host.python.apf_utils_test import TestApfUtils
+from host.python.assert_utils_test import TestAssertUtils
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/test_config.xml b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/test_config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26ee9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/test_config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for NetworkStaticLibHostPythonTests">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.python.PythonBinaryHostTest">
+        <option name="par-file-name" value="NetworkStaticLibHostPythonTests" />
+        <option name="test-timeout" value="3m" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java
index e40cd6b..886336c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java
@@ -21,9 +21,13 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV4;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV6;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCPHDR_ACK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCP_HEADER_MIN_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_HEADER_LEN;
@@ -54,6 +58,8 @@
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -489,10 +495,103 @@
                 (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0xad, (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0xef
             };
 
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_NO_FRAG =
+            new byte[] {
+                // packet = Ether(src="11:22:33:44:55:66", dst="aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", type='IPv6')/
+                //          IPv6(src="2001:db8::1", dst="2001:db8::2", tc=0x80, fl=0x515ca,
+                //          hlim=0x40)/UDP(sport=9876, dport=433)/
+                //          Raw([i%256 for i in range(0, 500)]);
+                // Ether header
+                (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xcc, (byte) 0xdd,
+                (byte) 0xee, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22,
+                (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66,
+                (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0xdd,
+                // IPv6 header
+                (byte) 0x68, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x15, (byte) 0xca,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x40,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02,
+                // UDP header
+                (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x94, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xb1,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0xd3, (byte) 0x9e,
+                // Data
+                // 500 bytes of repeated 0x00~0xff
+            };
+
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG1 =
+            new byte[] {
+                // packet = Ether(src="11:22:33:44:55:66", dst="aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", type='IPv6')/
+                //          IPv6(src="2001:db8::1", dst="2001:db8::2", tc=0x80, fl=0x515ca,
+                //          hlim=0x40)/UDP(sport=9876, dport=433)/
+                //          Raw([i%256 for i in range(0, 500)]);
+                // packets=fragment6(packet, 400);
+                // Ether header
+                (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xcc, (byte) 0xdd,
+                (byte) 0xee, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22,
+                (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66,
+                (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0xdd,
+                // IPv6 header
+                (byte) 0x68, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x15, (byte) 0xca,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x58, (byte) 0x2c, (byte) 0x40,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02,
+                // Fragement Header
+                (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                // UDP header
+                (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x94, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xb1,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0xd3, (byte) 0x9e,
+                // Data
+                // 328 bytes of repeated 0x00~0xff, start:0x00 end:0x47
+            };
+
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG2 =
+            new byte[] {
+                // packet = Ether(src="11:22:33:44:55:66", dst="aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", type='IPv6')/
+                //          IPv6(src="2001:db8::1", dst="2001:db8::2", tc=0x80, fl=0x515ca,
+                //          hlim=0x40)/UDP(sport=9876, dport=433)/
+                //          Raw([i%256 for i in range(0, 500)]);
+                // packets=fragment6(packet, 400);
+                // Ether header
+                (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xcc, (byte) 0xdd,
+                (byte) 0xee, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22,
+                (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66,
+                (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0xdd,
+                // IPv6 header
+                (byte) 0x68, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x15, (byte) 0xca,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xb4, (byte) 0x2c, (byte) 0x40,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02,
+                // Fragement Header
+                (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x50,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                // Data
+                // 172 bytes of repeated 0x00~0xff, start:0x48 end:0xf3
+            };
+
     /**
      * Build a packet which has ether header, IP header, TCP/UDP header and data.
      * The ethernet header and data are optional. Note that both source mac address and
-     * destination mac address are required for ethernet header.
+     * destination mac address are required for ethernet header. The packet will be fragmented into
+     * multiple smaller packets if the packet size exceeds L2 mtu.
      *
      * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      * |                Layer 2 header (EthernetHeader)                | (optional)
@@ -511,11 +610,12 @@
      * @param l4proto the layer 4 protocol. Only {@code IPPROTO_TCP} and {@code IPPROTO_UDP}
      *        currently supported.
      * @param payload the payload.
+     * @param l2mtu the Link MTU. It's the upper bound of each packet size. Zero means no limit.
      */
     @NonNull
-    private ByteBuffer buildPacket(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
+    private List<ByteBuffer> buildPackets(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
             @Nullable final MacAddress dstMac, final int l3proto, final int l4proto,
-            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload)
+            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload, int l2mtu)
             throws Exception {
         if (l3proto != IPPROTO_IP && l3proto != IPPROTO_IPV6) {
             fail("Unsupported layer 3 protocol " + l3proto);
@@ -562,7 +662,15 @@
             payload.clear();
         }
 
-        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket();
+        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket(l2mtu > 0 ? l2mtu : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private ByteBuffer buildPacket(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
+            @Nullable final MacAddress dstMac, final int l3proto, final int l4proto,
+            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        return buildPackets(srcMac, dstMac, l3proto, l4proto, payload, 0).get(0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -874,6 +982,66 @@
         assertArrayEquals(TEST_PACKET_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA, packet.array());
     }
 
+    private void checkIpv6PacketIgnoreFragmentId(byte[] expected, byte[] actual) {
+        final int offset = ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET;
+        assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOf(expected, offset), Arrays.copyOf(actual, offset));
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(expected, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN, expected.length),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(actual, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN, actual.length));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildPacketIPv6FragmentUdpData() throws Exception {
+        // A UDP packet with 500 bytes payload will be fragmented into two UDP packets each carrying
+        // 328 and 172 bytes of payload if the Link MTU is 400. Note that only the first packet
+        // contains the original UDP header.
+        final int payloadLen = 500;
+        final int payloadLen1 = 328;
+        final int payloadLen2 = 172;
+        final int l2mtu = 400;
+        final byte[] payload = new byte[payloadLen];
+        // Initialize the payload with repeated values from 0x00 to 0xff.
+        for (int i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
+            payload[i] = (byte) (i & 0xff);
+        }
+
+        // Verify original UDP packet.
+        final ByteBuffer packet = buildPacket(SRC_MAC, DST_MAC, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(payload));
+        final int headerLen = TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_NO_FRAG.length;
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_NO_FRAG,
+                Arrays.copyOf(packet.array(), headerLen));
+        assertArrayEquals(payload,
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packet.array(), headerLen, headerLen + payloadLen));
+
+        // Verify fragments of UDP packet.
+        final List<ByteBuffer> packets = buildPackets(SRC_MAC, DST_MAC, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(payload), l2mtu);
+        assertEquals(2, packets.size());
+
+        // Verify first fragment.
+        int headerLen1 = TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG1.length;
+        // (1) Compare packet content up to the UDP header, excluding the fragment ID as it's a
+        // random value.
+        checkIpv6PacketIgnoreFragmentId(TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG1,
+                Arrays.copyOf(packets.get(0).array(), headerLen1));
+        // (2) Compare UDP payload.
+        assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOf(payload, payloadLen1),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(0).array(), headerLen1, headerLen1 + payloadLen1));
+
+        // Verify second fragment (similar to the first one).
+        int headerLen2 = TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG2.length;
+        checkIpv6PacketIgnoreFragmentId(TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG2,
+                Arrays.copyOf(packets.get(1).array(), headerLen2));
+        assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOfRange(payload, payloadLen1, payloadLen1 + payloadLen2),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(1).array(), headerLen2, headerLen2 + payloadLen2));
+        // Verify that the fragment IDs in the first and second fragments are the same.
+        final int offset = ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET;
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(0).array(), offset, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(1).array(), offset, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testFinalizePacketWithoutIpv4Header() throws Exception {
         final ByteBuffer buffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(false /* hasEther */, IPPROTO_IP,
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
similarity index 98%
rename from Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
rename to staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
index 3a57fdd..d534054 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util
+package com.android.net.module.util
 
 import android.os.Message
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.internal.util.State
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
 import java.util.ArrayDeque
 import java.util.ArrayList
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
 @SmallTest
-class SynStateMachineTest {
+class SyncStateMachineTest {
     private val mState1 = spy(object : TestState(MSG_1) {})
     private val mState2 = spy(object : TestState(MSG_2) {})
     private val mState3 = spy(object : TestState(MSG_3) {})
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
index 3843b90..8c71a91 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@
 java_test_host {
     name: "net-tests-utils-host-common",
     srcs: [
-        "host/**/*.java",
-        "host/**/*.kt",
+        "host/java/**/*.java",
+        "host/java/**/*.kt",
     ],
     libs: ["tradefed"],
     test_suites: [
@@ -104,3 +104,11 @@
     ],
     data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
 }
+
+python_library_host {
+    name: "net-tests-utils-host-python-common",
+    srcs: [
+        "host/python/*.py",
+    ],
+    pkg_path: "net_tests_utils",
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt
index 69fdbf8..8687ac7 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DevSdkIgnoreRunner.kt
@@ -90,25 +90,10 @@
         Modifier.isStatic(it.modifiers) &&
                 it.isAnnotationPresent(Parameterized.Parameters::class.java) }
 
-    override fun run(notifier: RunNotifier) {
-        if (baseRunner == null) {
-            // Report a single, skipped placeholder test for this class, as the class is expected to
-            // report results when run. In practice runners that apply the Filterable implementation
-            // would see a NoTestsRemainException and not call the run method.
-            notifier.fireTestIgnored(
-                    Description.createTestDescription(klass, "skippedClassForDevSdkMismatch"))
-            return
-        }
-        if (!shouldThreadLeakFailTest) {
-            baseRunner.run(notifier)
-            return
-        }
-
-        // Dump threads as a baseline to monitor thread leaks.
-        val threadCountsBeforeTest = getAllThreadNameCounts()
-
-        baseRunner.run(notifier)
-
+    private fun checkThreadLeak(
+            notifier: RunNotifier,
+            threadCountsBeforeTest: Map<String, Int>
+    ) {
         notifier.fireTestStarted(leakMonitorDesc)
         val threadCountsAfterTest = getAllThreadNameCounts()
         // TODO : move CompareOrUpdateResult to its own util instead of LinkProperties.
@@ -122,13 +107,39 @@
         val increasedThreads = threadsDiff.updated
                 .filter { threadCountsBeforeTest[it.key]!! < it.value }
         if (threadsDiff.added.isNotEmpty() || increasedThreads.isNotEmpty()) {
-            notifier.fireTestFailure(Failure(leakMonitorDesc,
-                    IllegalStateException("Unexpected thread changes: $threadsDiff")))
+            notifier.fireTestFailure(Failure(
+                    leakMonitorDesc,
+                    IllegalStateException("Unexpected thread changes: $threadsDiff")
+            ))
+        }
+        notifier.fireTestFinished(leakMonitorDesc)
+    }
+
+    override fun run(notifier: RunNotifier) {
+        if (baseRunner == null) {
+            // Report a single, skipped placeholder test for this class, as the class is expected to
+            // report results when run. In practice runners that apply the Filterable implementation
+            // would see a NoTestsRemainException and not call the run method.
+            notifier.fireTestIgnored(
+                    Description.createTestDescription(klass, "skippedClassForDevSdkMismatch")
+            )
+            return
+        }
+        val threadCountsBeforeTest = if (shouldThreadLeakFailTest) {
+            // Dump threads as a baseline to monitor thread leaks.
+            getAllThreadNameCounts()
+        } else {
+            null
+        }
+
+        baseRunner.run(notifier)
+
+        if (threadCountsBeforeTest != null) {
+            checkThreadLeak(notifier, threadCountsBeforeTest)
         }
         // Clears up internal state of all inline mocks.
         // TODO: Call clearInlineMocks() at the end of each test.
         Mockito.framework().clearInlineMocks()
-        notifier.fireTestFinished(leakMonitorDesc)
     }
 
     private fun getAllThreadNameCounts(): Map<String, Int> {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
similarity index 99%
rename from tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
rename to staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
index 93cec9c..8b88224 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package android.net.cts
+package com.android.testutils
 
 import android.net.DnsResolver
 import android.net.Network
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
similarity index 100%
rename from staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
rename to staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/DisableConfigSyncTargetPreparer.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/DisableConfigSyncTargetPreparer.kt
similarity index 100%
rename from staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/DisableConfigSyncTargetPreparer.kt
rename to staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/DisableConfigSyncTargetPreparer.kt
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/adb_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/adb_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13c0646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/adb_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import re
+from mobly.controllers import android_device
+from net_tests_utils.host.python import assert_utils
+
+BYTE_DECODE_UTF_8 = "utf-8"
+
+
+def set_doze_mode(ad: android_device.AndroidDevice, enable: bool) -> None:
+  if enable:
+    adb_shell(ad, "cmd battery unplug")
+    expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+        ad, "deviceidle", key="mCharging", expected_state=False
+    )
+    _set_screen_state(ad, False)
+    adb_shell(ad, "dumpsys deviceidle enable deep")
+    expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+        ad, "deviceidle", key="mDeepEnabled", expected_state=True
+    )
+    adb_shell(ad, "dumpsys deviceidle force-idle deep")
+    expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+        ad, "deviceidle", key="mForceIdle", expected_state=True
+    )
+  else:
+    adb_shell(ad, "cmd battery reset")
+    expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+        ad, "deviceidle", key="mCharging", expected_state=True
+    )
+    adb_shell(ad, "dumpsys deviceidle unforce")
+    expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+        ad, "deviceidle", key="mForceIdle", expected_state=False
+    )
+
+
+def _set_screen_state(
+    ad: android_device.AndroidDevice, target_state: bool
+) -> None:
+  assert_utils.expect_with_retry(
+      predicate=lambda: _get_screen_state(ad) == target_state,
+      retry_action=lambda: adb_shell(
+          ad, "input keyevent KEYCODE_POWER"
+      ),  # Toggle power key again when retry.
+  )
+
+
+def _get_screen_state(ad: android_device.AndroidDevice) -> bool:
+  return get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys(ad, "power", "mWakefulness") == "Awake"
+
+
+def get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys(
+    ad: android_device.AndroidDevice, service: str, key: str
+) -> str:
+  output = get_dumpsys_for_service(ad, service)
+  # Search for key=value pattern from the dumpsys output.
+  # e.g. mWakefulness=Awake
+  pattern = rf"{key}=(.*)"
+  # Only look for the first occurrence.
+  match = re.search(pattern, output)
+  if match:
+    ad.log.debug(
+        "Getting key-value from dumpsys: " + key + "=" + match.group(1)
+    )
+    return match.group(1)
+  else:
+    return None
+
+
+def expect_dumpsys_state_with_retry(
+    ad: android_device.AndroidDevice,
+    service: str,
+    key: str,
+    expected_state: bool,
+    retry_interval_sec: int = 1,
+) -> None:
+  def predicate():
+    value = get_value_of_key_from_dumpsys(ad, service, key)
+    if value is None:
+      return False
+    return value.lower() == str(expected_state).lower()
+
+  assert_utils.expect_with_retry(
+      predicate=predicate,
+      retry_interval_sec=retry_interval_sec,
+  )
+
+
+def get_dumpsys_for_service(
+    ad: android_device.AndroidDevice, service: str
+) -> str:
+  return adb_shell(ad, "dumpsys " + service)
+
+
+def adb_shell(ad: android_device.AndroidDevice, shell_cmd: str) -> str:
+  """Runs adb shell command.
+
+  Args:
+    ad: Android device object.
+    shell_cmd: string of list of strings, adb shell command.
+
+  Returns:
+    string, replies from adb shell command.
+  """
+  ad.log.debug("Executing adb shell %s", shell_cmd)
+  data = ad.adb.shell(shell_cmd)
+  return data.decode(BYTE_DECODE_UTF_8).strip()
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..331e970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import re
+from mobly.controllers import android_device
+from net_tests_utils.host.python import adb_utils
+
+
+class PatternNotFoundException(Exception):
+  """Raised when the given pattern cannot be found."""
+
+
+def get_apf_counter(
+    ad: android_device.AndroidDevice, iface: str, counter_name: str
+) -> int:
+  counters = get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys(ad, iface)
+  return counters.get(counter_name, 0)
+
+
+def get_apf_counters_from_dumpsys(
+    ad: android_device.AndroidDevice, iface_name: str
+) -> dict:
+  dumpsys = adb_utils.get_dumpsys_for_service(ad, "network_stack")
+
+  # Extract IpClient section of the specified interface.
+  # This takes inputs like:
+  # IpClient.wlan0
+  #   ...
+  # IpClient.wlan1
+  #   ...
+  iface_pattern = re.compile(
+      r"^IpClient\." + iface_name + r"\n" + r"((^\s.*\n)+)", re.MULTILINE
+  )
+  iface_result = iface_pattern.search(dumpsys)
+  if iface_result is None:
+    raise PatternNotFoundException("Cannot find IpClient for " + iface_name)
+
+  # Extract APF counters section from IpClient section, which looks like:
+  #     APF packet counters:
+  #       COUNTER_NAME: VALUE
+  #       ....
+  apf_pattern = re.compile(
+      r"APF packet counters:.*\n.(\s+[A-Z_0-9]+: \d+\n)+", re.MULTILINE
+  )
+  apf_result = apf_pattern.search(iface_result.group(0))
+  if apf_result is None:
+    raise PatternNotFoundException(
+        "Cannot find APF counters in text: " + iface_result.group(0)
+    )
+
+  # Extract key-value pairs from APF counters section into a list of tuples,
+  # e.g. [('COUNTER1', '1'), ('COUNTER2', '2')].
+  counter_pattern = re.compile(r"(?P<name>[A-Z_0-9]+): (?P<value>\d+)")
+  counter_result = counter_pattern.findall(apf_result.group(0))
+  if counter_result is None:
+    raise PatternNotFoundException(
+        "Cannot extract APF counters in text: " + apf_result.group(0)
+    )
+
+  # Convert into a dict.
+  result = {}
+  for key, value_str in counter_result:
+    result[key] = int(value_str)
+
+  ad.log.debug("Getting apf counters: " + str(result))
+  return result
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/assert_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/assert_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da1bb9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/assert_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import time
+from typing import Callable
+
+
+class UnexpectedBehaviorError(Exception):
+  """Raised when there is an unexpected behavior during applying a procedure."""
+
+
+def expect_with_retry(
+    predicate: Callable[[], bool],
+    retry_action: Callable[[], None] = None,
+    max_retries: int = 10,
+    retry_interval_sec: int = 1,
+) -> None:
+  """Executes a predicate and retries if it doesn't return True."""
+
+  for retry in range(max_retries):
+    if predicate():
+      return None
+    else:
+      if retry == max_retries - 1:
+        break
+      if retry_action:
+        retry_action()
+      time.sleep(retry_interval_sec)
+
+  raise UnexpectedBehaviorError(
+      "Predicate didn't become true after " + str(max_retries) + " retries."
+  )
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/mdns_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/mdns_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec1fea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/mdns_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+from mobly.controllers import android_device
+
+
+def register_mdns_service_and_discover_resolve(
+    advertising_device: android_device, discovery_device: android_device
+) -> None:
+  """Test mdns advertising, discovery and resolution
+
+  One device registers an mDNS service, and another device discovers and
+  resolves that service.
+  """
+  advertising = advertising_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+  discovery = discovery_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+
+  # Register a mDns service
+  advertising.registerMDnsService()
+
+  # Ensure the discovery and resolution of the mDNS service
+  discovery.ensureMDnsServiceDiscoveryAndResolution()
+
+
+def cleanup_mdns_service(
+    advertising_device: android_device, discovery_device: android_device
+) -> None:
+  # Unregister the mDns service
+  advertising_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet.unregisterMDnsService()
+  # Stop discovery
+  discovery_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet.stopMDnsServiceDiscovery()
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
similarity index 86%
rename from tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py
rename to staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
index 61f5c43..702b596 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
@@ -11,18 +11,6 @@
 #  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 #  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 #  limitations under the License.
-#
-#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-#  limitations under the License.
 
 import base64
 import uuid
@@ -32,6 +20,7 @@
 
 
 class UpstreamType:
+  NONE = 0
   CELLULAR = 1
   WIFI = 2
 
@@ -68,6 +57,8 @@
         not server.isStaApConcurrencySupported(),
         "Server requires Wifi AP + STA concurrency",
     )
+  elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.NONE:
+    pass
   else:
     raise ValueError(f"Invalid upstream type: {upstream_type}")
 
@@ -90,6 +81,8 @@
     server.requestCellularAndEnsureDefault()
   elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.WIFI:
     server.ensureWifiIsDefault()
+  elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.NONE:
+    pass
   else:
     raise ValueError(f"Invalid upstream type: {upstream_type}")
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
index 5f9b3ef..dc90adb 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
     main: "connectivity_multi_devices_test.py",
     srcs: [
         "connectivity_multi_devices_test.py",
-        "tether_utils.py",
     ],
     libs: [
         "mobly",
+        "net-tests-utils-host-python-common",
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
index 1d6fb51..840831b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 from mobly import test_runner
 from mobly import utils
 from mobly.controllers import android_device
-import tether_utils
-from tether_utils import UpstreamType
+from net_tests_utils.host.python import mdns_utils, tether_utils
+from net_tests_utils.host.python.tether_utils import UpstreamType
 
 CONNECTIVITY_MULTI_DEVICES_SNIPPET_PACKAGE = "com.google.snippet.connectivity"
 
@@ -61,6 +61,25 @@
           self.serverDevice, UpstreamType.CELLULAR
       )
 
+  def test_mdns_via_hotspot(self):
+    tether_utils.assume_hotspot_test_preconditions(
+        self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.NONE
+    )
+    try:
+      # Connectivity of the client verified by asserting the validated capability.
+      tether_utils.setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
+        self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.NONE
+      )
+      mdns_utils.register_mdns_service_and_discover_resolve(
+        self.clientDevice, self.serverDevice
+      )
+    finally:
+      mdns_utils.cleanup_mdns_service(
+        self.clientDevice, self.serverDevice
+      )
+      tether_utils.cleanup_tethering_for_upstream_type(
+        self.serverDevice, UpstreamType.NONE
+      )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
   # Take test args
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
index 5940cbb..b0b32c2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt",
+        "MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt",
     ],
     manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
     static_libs: [
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
index 9ed8146..967e581 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@
          of a snippet class -->
     <meta-data
         android:name="mobly-snippets"
-        android:value="com.google.snippet.connectivity.ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet" />
+        android:value="com.google.snippet.connectivity.ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet,
+                       com.google.snippet.connectivity.MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet" />
   </application>
   <!-- Add an instrumentation tag so that the app can be launched through an
        instrument command. The runner `com.google.android.mobly.snippet.SnippetRunner`
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b288df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.snippet.connectivity
+
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.Snippet
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.rpc.Rpc
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+
+private const val SERVICE_NAME = "MultiDevicesTest"
+private const val SERVICE_TYPE = "_multi_devices._tcp"
+private const val SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_KEY = "key"
+private const val SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_VALUE = "value"
+private const val SERVICE_PORT = 12345
+private const val REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
+
+class MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet : Snippet {
+    private val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext()
+    private val nsdManager = context.getSystemService(NsdManager::class.java)!!
+    private val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+    private val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+    private val resolveRecord = NsdResolveRecord()
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Register a mDns service")
+    fun registerMDnsService() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo()
+        info.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME)
+        info.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE)
+        info.setPort(SERVICE_PORT)
+        info.setAttribute(SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_KEY, SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_VALUE)
+        nsdManager.registerService(info, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, registrationRecord)
+        registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceRegistered>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Unregister a mDns service")
+    fun unregisterMDnsService() {
+        nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Ensure the discovery and resolution of the mDNS service")
+    // Suppress the warning, as the NsdManager#resolveService() method is deprecated.
+    @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+    fun ensureMDnsServiceDiscoveryAndResolution() {
+        // Discover a mDns service that matches the test service
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, discoveryRecord)
+        val info = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE)
+        // Resolve the retrieved mDns service.
+        nsdManager.resolveService(info, resolveRecord)
+        val serviceResolved = resolveRecord.expectCallbackEventually<ServiceResolved>()
+        serviceResolved.serviceInfo.let {
+            assertEquals(SERVICE_NAME, it.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(".$SERVICE_TYPE", it.serviceType)
+            assertEquals(SERVICE_PORT, it.port)
+            assertEquals(1, it.attributes.size)
+            assertArrayEquals(
+                    SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_VALUE.encodeToByteArray(),
+                    it.attributes[SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_KEY]
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Stop discovery")
+    fun stopMDnsServiceDiscovery() {
+        nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
index 086f0e7..5662fca 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -27,9 +27,20 @@
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.apf.ApfCapabilities
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ETH_HEADER_LEN
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ICMP6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_DEST_ADDR_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker
+import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING
+import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.FILTER_AGE_16384THS
+import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.PASSED_IPV6_ICMP
 import android.net.apf.ApfV4Generator
+import android.net.apf.ApfV4GeneratorBase
+import android.net.apf.ApfV6Generator
 import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator
 import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.MemorySlot
 import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.Register.R0
@@ -57,6 +68,12 @@
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.VsrTest
 import com.android.internal.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_ADDR_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_DST_ADDR_OFFSET
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_HEADER_MIN_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
@@ -73,7 +90,6 @@
 import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage
 import com.google.common.truth.TruthJUnit.assume
 import java.io.FileDescriptor
-import java.lang.Thread
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
@@ -213,8 +229,8 @@
             Os.sendto(sockFd!!, packet, 0, packet.size, 0, PING_DESTINATION)
         }
 
-        fun expectPingReply(): ByteArray {
-            return futureReply!!.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+        fun expectPingReply(timeoutMs: Long = TIMEOUT_MS): ByteArray {
+            return futureReply!!.get(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
         }
 
         fun expectPingDropped() {
@@ -394,7 +410,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    fun ApfV4Generator.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply() {
+    fun ApfV4GeneratorBase<*>.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply() {
         // If not IPv6 -> PASS
         addLoad16(R0, ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET)
         addJumpIfR0NotEquals(ETH_P_IPV6.toLong(), BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
@@ -420,7 +436,11 @@
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
 
         // clear any active APF filter
-        var gen = ApfV4Generator(4).addPass()
+        var gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        ).addPass()
         installProgram(gen.generate())
         readProgram() // wait for install completion
 
@@ -435,7 +455,11 @@
         assertThat(packetReader.expectPingReply()).isEqualTo(data)
 
         // Generate an APF program that drops the next ping
-        gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+        gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
 
         // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
         gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
@@ -469,7 +493,11 @@
         // Test v4 memory slots on both v4 and v6 interpreters.
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
         clearApfMemory()
-        val gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+        val gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
 
         // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
         gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
@@ -524,7 +552,11 @@
         assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
         clearApfMemory()
-        val gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+        val gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
 
         // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
         gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
@@ -554,6 +586,152 @@
         buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(readProgram(), counterRegion, 4 /* length */)
         val filterAgeSeconds = buffer.getInt()
         // Assert that filter age has increased, but not too much.
-        assertThat(filterAgeSeconds - filterAgeSecondsOrig).isEqualTo(5)
+        val timeDiff = filterAgeSeconds - filterAgeSecondsOrig
+        assertThat(timeDiff).isAnyOf(5, 6)
+    }
+
+    @VsrTest(requirements = ["VSR-5.3.12-002", "VSR-5.3.12-005"])
+    @Test
+    fun testFilterAge16384thsIncreasesBetweenPackets() {
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(6000)
+        clearApfMemory()
+        val gen = ApfV6Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
+        gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
+
+        // Store all prefilled memory slots in counter region [500, 520)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.FILTER_AGE_16384THS)
+        gen.addStoreCounter(FILTER_AGE_16384THS, R0)
+
+        installProgram(gen.generate())
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        val payloadSize = 56
+        val data = ByteArray(payloadSize).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        var apfRam = readProgram()
+        val filterAge16384thSecondsOrig =
+                ApfCounterTracker.getCounterValue(apfRam, FILTER_AGE_16384THS)
+
+        Thread.sleep(5000)
+
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        apfRam = readProgram()
+        val filterAge16384thSeconds = ApfCounterTracker.getCounterValue(apfRam, FILTER_AGE_16384THS)
+        val timeDiff = (filterAge16384thSeconds - filterAge16384thSecondsOrig)
+        // Expect the HAL plus ping latency to be less than 800ms.
+        val timeDiffLowerBound = (4.99 * 16384).toInt()
+        val timeDiffUpperBound = (5.81 * 16384).toInt()
+        // Assert that filter age has increased, but not too much.
+        assertThat(timeDiff).isGreaterThan(timeDiffLowerBound)
+        assertThat(timeDiff).isLessThan(timeDiffUpperBound)
+    }
+
+    @VsrTest(
+            requirements = ["VSR-5.3.12-002", "VSR-5.3.12-005", "VSR-5.3.12-012", "VSR-5.3.12-013",
+                "VSR-5.3.12-014", "VSR-5.3.12-015", "VSR-5.3.12-016", "VSR-5.3.12-017"]
+    )
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    fun testReplyPing() {
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(6000)
+        installProgram(ByteArray(caps.maximumApfProgramSize) { 0 }) // Clear previous program
+        readProgram() // Ensure installation is complete
+
+        val payloadSize = 56
+        val payload = ByteArray(payloadSize).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        val firstByte = payload.take(1).toByteArray()
+
+        val pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen = PING_HEADER_LENGTH + 1
+        val pingRequestPktLen = ETH_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen
+
+        val gen = ApfV6Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
+        val skipPacketLabel = gen.uniqueLabel
+
+        // Summary of the program:
+        //   if the packet is not ICMPv6 echo reply
+        //     pass
+        //   else if the echo reply payload size is 1
+        //     increase PASSED_IPV6_ICMP counter
+        //     pass
+        //   else
+        //     transmit a ICMPv6 echo request packet with the first byte of the payload in the reply
+        //     increase DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING counter
+        //     drop
+        val program = gen
+                .addLoad16(R0, ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET)
+                .addJumpIfR0NotEquals(ETH_P_IPV6.toLong(), skipPacketLabel)
+                .addLoad8(R0, IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET)
+                .addJumpIfR0NotEquals(IPPROTO_ICMPV6.toLong(), skipPacketLabel)
+                .addLoad8(R0, ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET)
+                .addJumpIfR0NotEquals(0x81, skipPacketLabel) // Echo reply type
+                .addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.PACKET_SIZE)
+                .addCountAndPassIfR0Equals(
+                        (ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + PING_HEADER_LENGTH + firstByte.size)
+                                .toLong(),
+                        PASSED_IPV6_ICMP
+                )
+                // Ping Packet Generation
+                .addAllocate(pingRequestPktLen)
+                // Eth header
+                .addPacketCopy(ETHER_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, ETHER_ADDR_LEN) // dst MAC address
+                .addPacketCopy(ETHER_DST_ADDR_OFFSET, ETHER_ADDR_LEN) // src MAC address
+                .addWriteU16(ETH_P_IPV6) // IPv6 type
+                // IPv6 Header
+                .addWrite32(0x60000000) // IPv6 Header: version, traffic class, flowlabel
+                // payload length (2 bytes) | next header: ICMPv6 (1 byte) | hop limit (1 byte)
+                .addWrite32(pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen shl 16 or (IPPROTO_ICMPV6 shl 8 or 64))
+                .addPacketCopy(IPV6_DEST_ADDR_OFFSET, IPV6_ADDR_LEN) // src ip
+                .addPacketCopy(IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, IPV6_ADDR_LEN) // dst ip
+                // ICMPv6
+                .addWriteU8(0x80) // type: echo request
+                .addWriteU8(0) // code
+                .addWriteU16(pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen) // checksum
+                // identifier
+                .addPacketCopy(ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + ICMPV6_HEADER_MIN_LEN, 2)
+                .addWriteU16(0) // sequence number
+                .addDataCopy(firstByte) // data
+                .addTransmitL4(
+                        ETHER_HEADER_LEN, // ip_ofs
+                        ICMP6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, // csum_ofs
+                        IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, // csum_start
+                        IPPROTO_ICMPV6, // partial_sum
+                        false // udp
+                )
+                // Warning: the program abuse DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING for debugging purpose
+                .addCountAndDrop(DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING)
+                .defineLabel(skipPacketLabel)
+                .addPass()
+                .generate()
+
+        installProgram(program)
+        readProgram() // Ensure installation is complete
+
+        packetReader.sendPing(payload, payloadSize)
+
+        val replyPayload = try {
+            packetReader.expectPingReply(TIMEOUT_MS * 2)
+        } catch (e: TimeoutException) {
+            byteArrayOf() // Empty payload if timeout occurs
+        }
+
+        val apfCounterTracker = ApfCounterTracker()
+        apfCounterTracker.updateCountersFromData(readProgram())
+        Log.i(TAG, "counter map: ${apfCounterTracker.counters}")
+
+        assertThat(replyPayload).isEqualTo(firstByte)
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 60869b6..21eb90f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -215,7 +215,6 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.DumpTestUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit;
 import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer;
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
@@ -1054,7 +1053,6 @@
 
     @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
-    @SkipMainlinePresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     public void testIsPrivateDnsBroken() throws InterruptedException {
         final String invalidPrivateDnsServer = "invalidhostname.example.com";
         final String goodPrivateDnsServer = "dns.google";
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
index 1b1f367..284fcae 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.pollForQuery
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
 import java.util.Random
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@
 
         tryTest {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface()
-            val iface = tetheredInterface
+            val iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface()
             assertEquals(iface, downstreamIface?.interfaceName)
             val request = TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build()
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@
 
         tryTest {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface()
-            val iface = tetheredInterface
+            val iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface()
             assertEquals(iface, downstreamIface?.interfaceName)
 
             val localAddr = LinkAddress("192.0.2.3/28")
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index 6394599..be80787 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -39,19 +39,6 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkManager
 import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier
 import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStarted
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceFound
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceLost
-import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.RegistrationFailed
-import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
-import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
-import android.net.cts.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ResolutionStopped
-import android.net.cts.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
-import android.net.cts.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.StopResolutionFailed
-import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdated
-import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdatedLost
-import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.UnregisterCallbackSucceeded
 import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
 import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
@@ -92,9 +79,29 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule
 import com.android.testutils.NSResponder
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStarted
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceFound
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceLost
+import com.android.testutils.NsdEvent
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.RegistrationFailed
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ResolutionStopped
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.StopResolutionFailed
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdated
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdatedLost
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.UnregisterCallbackSucceeded
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.TestDnsPacket
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
@@ -102,6 +109,11 @@
 import com.android.testutils.assertEmpty
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk30
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk33
+import com.android.testutils.pollForAdvertisement
+import com.android.testutils.pollForMdnsPacket
+import com.android.testutils.pollForProbe
+import com.android.testutils.pollForQuery
+import com.android.testutils.pollForReply
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
index 81608f7..8794847 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
@@ -235,6 +235,12 @@
         assertEquals(TETHERING_USB, tr2.getTetheringType());
         assertTrue(tr2.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck());
         assertFalse(tr2.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
+
+        final TetheringRequest tr3 = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_USB)
+                .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
+                .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+        assertEquals(tr2, tr3);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -246,15 +252,7 @@
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
         final TetheringRequest parceled = ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(unparceled);
-        assertEquals(unparceled.getTetheringType(), parceled.getTetheringType());
-        assertEquals(unparceled.getConnectivityScope(), parceled.getConnectivityScope());
-        assertEquals(unparceled.getLocalIpv4Address(), parceled.getLocalIpv4Address());
-        assertEquals(unparceled.getClientStaticIpv4Address(),
-                parceled.getClientStaticIpv4Address());
-        assertEquals(unparceled.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck(),
-                parceled.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck());
-        assertEquals(unparceled.getShouldShowEntitlementUi(),
-                parceled.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
+        assertEquals(unparceled, parceled);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
index 3f0f3e9..29f5cd2 100644
--- a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -93,8 +93,6 @@
     SHARED "map_dscpPolicy_ipv4_dscp_policies_map",
     SHARED "map_dscpPolicy_ipv6_dscp_policies_map",
     SHARED "map_dscpPolicy_socket_policy_cache_map",
-    SHARED "map_gentle_test",
-    SHARED "prog_gentle_skfilter_accept",
     NETD "map_netd_app_uid_stats_map",
     NETD "map_netd_configuration_map",
     NETD "map_netd_cookie_tag_map",
@@ -147,18 +145,22 @@
 
 // Provided by *current* mainline module for V+ devices
 static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_V_PLUS = {
-};
-
-// Provided by *current* mainline module for V+ devices with 5.15+ kernels
-static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_15_PLUS = {
     NETD "prog_netd_connect4_inet4_connect",
     NETD "prog_netd_connect6_inet6_connect",
     NETD "prog_netd_recvmsg4_udp4_recvmsg",
     NETD "prog_netd_recvmsg6_udp6_recvmsg",
     NETD "prog_netd_sendmsg4_udp4_sendmsg",
     NETD "prog_netd_sendmsg6_udp6_sendmsg",
+};
+
+// Provided by *current* mainline module for V+ devices with 5.4+ kernels
+static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_4_PLUS = {
     NETD "prog_netd_getsockopt_prog",
     NETD "prog_netd_setsockopt_prog",
+};
+
+// Provided by *current* mainline module for U+ devices with 5.10+ kernels
+static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_10_PLUS = {
     NETD "prog_netd_cgroupsockrelease_inet_release",
 };
 
@@ -210,7 +212,8 @@
     // V requires Linux Kernel 4.19+, but nothing (as yet) added or removed in V.
     if (IsAtLeastV()) ASSERT_TRUE(isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0));
     DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV(), MAINLINE_FOR_V_PLUS);
-    DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 15, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_15_PLUS);
+    DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_4_PLUS);
+    DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_10_PLUS);
 
     for (const auto& file : mustExist) {
         EXPECT_EQ(0, access(file.c_str(), R_OK)) << file << " does not exist";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index b71a46f..9a77c89 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
 import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.Process;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -240,7 +243,7 @@
 
         // register callback
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(request);
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(request);
         manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, handler);
 
         // callback triggers
@@ -269,7 +272,7 @@
 
         // register callback
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(req1);
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(req1);
         manager.requestNetwork(req1, callback, handler);
 
         // callback triggers
@@ -287,7 +290,7 @@
 
         // callback can be registered again
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(req2);
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(req2);
         manager.requestNetwork(req2, callback, handler);
 
         // callback triggers
@@ -311,7 +314,7 @@
 
         when(mCtx.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(info);
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(),
-                anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(request);
+                anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(request);
 
         Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, handler);
@@ -403,15 +406,15 @@
         manager.requestNetwork(request, callback);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(request.networkCapabilities),
                 eq(REQUEST.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         // Verify that register network callback does not calls requestNetwork at all.
         manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
         verify(mService, never()).requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(), anyInt());
         verify(mService).listenForNetwork(eq(request.networkCapabilities), any(), any(), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
@@ -419,24 +422,24 @@
         manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(null),
                 eq(TRACK_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(42, callback, handler);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(42), eq(null),
                 eq(TRACK_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
 
         manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, callback, handler);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(request.networkCapabilities),
                 eq(BACKGROUND_REQUEST.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         manager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(null),
                 eq(TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
     }
 
@@ -516,16 +519,154 @@
                     + " attempts", ref.get());
     }
 
-    private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
-        doReturn(service).when(mCtx).getSystemService(name);
-        doReturn(name).when(mCtx).getSystemServiceName(clazz);
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWithMixedMethods_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
 
-        // If the test suite uses the inline mock maker library, such as for coverage tests,
-        // then the final version of getSystemService must also be mocked, as the real
-        // method will not be called by the test and null object is returned since no mock.
-        // Otherwise, mocking a final method will fail the test.
-        if (mCtx.getSystemService(clazz) == null) {
-            doReturn(service).when(mCtx).getSystemService(clazz);
-        }
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkCallback callback1 = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onPreCheck(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull LocalNetworkInfo localNetworkInfo) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkResumed(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, int blocked) {}
+        };
+        manager.requestNetwork(request, callback1);
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mService);
+        inOrder.verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_PRECHECK
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_RESUMED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_listenWithMixedMethods_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+
+        final NetworkCallback callback2 = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onLosing(@NonNull Network network, int maxMsToLive) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onUnavailable() {}
+            @Override
+            public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkSuspended(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        };
+        manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback2);
+        // Call a second time with the same callback to exercise caching
+        manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback2);
+
+        verify(mService, times(2)).listenForNetwork(
+                any(), any(), any(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING
+                        // AVAILABLE calls IP_CHANGED and SUSPENDED so it gets added
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_UNAVAIL
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_SUSPENDED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWithHiddenAvailableCallback_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+
+        final NetworkCallback hiddenOnAvailableCb = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+            // This overload is @hide but might still be used by (bad) apps
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                    @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, boolean blocked) {}
+        };
+        manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(hiddenOnAvailableCb);
+
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE));
+    }
+
+    public static class NetworkCallbackWithOnLostOnly extends NetworkCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWithoutAvailableCallback_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        final NetworkCallback noOnAvailableCb = new NetworkCallbackWithOnLostOnly();
+        manager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(noOnAvailableCb, handler);
+
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_listenWithMock_OptimizationDisabled()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, mock(NetworkCallbackWithOnLostOnly.class),
+                handler);
+
+        verify(mService).listenForNetwork(
+                any(), any(), any(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                // Mock that does not call the constructor -> do not use the optimization
+                eq(~0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWitNoCallback_OptimizationDisabled()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkCallback noCallbackAtAll = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {};
+        manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, noCallbackAtAll, handler);
+
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                // No callbacks overridden -> do not use the optimization
+                eq(~0));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkCallbackFlagsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkCallbackFlagsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af06a64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkCallbackFlagsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.lang.reflect.Method
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mockingDetails
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class NetworkCallbackFlagsTest {
+
+    // To avoid developers forgetting to update NETWORK_CB_METHODS when modifying NetworkCallbacks,
+    // or using wrong values, calculate it from annotations here and verify that it matches.
+    // This avoids the runtime cost of reflection, but still ensures that the list is correct.
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkCallbackMethods_calculateFromAnnotations_matchesHardcodedList() {
+        val calculatedMethods = getNetworkCallbackMethodsFromAnnotations()
+        assertEquals(
+            calculatedMethods.toSet(),
+            NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder.NETWORK_CB_METHODS.map {
+                NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals(
+                    it.mName,
+                    it.mParameterTypes.toList(),
+                    callbacksCallingThisMethod = it.mCallbacksCallingThisMethod
+                )
+            }.toSet()
+        )
+    }
+
+    data class NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals(
+        val name: String,
+        val parameterTypes: List<Class<*>>,
+        val callbacksCallingThisMethod: Int
+    )
+
+    data class NetworkCallbackMethodBuilder(
+        val name: String,
+        val parameterTypes: List<Class<*>>,
+        val isFinal: Boolean,
+        val methodId: Int,
+        val mayCall: Set<Int>?,
+        var callbacksCallingThisMethod: Int
+    ) {
+        fun build() = NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals(
+            name,
+            parameterTypes,
+            callbacksCallingThisMethod
+        )
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build [NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder.NETWORK_CB_METHODS] from [NetworkCallback] annotations.
+     */
+    private fun getNetworkCallbackMethodsFromAnnotations(): List<NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals> {
+        val parsedMethods = mutableListOf<NetworkCallbackMethodBuilder>()
+        val methods = NetworkCallback::class.java.declaredMethods
+        methods.forEach { method ->
+            val cb = method.getAnnotation(
+                NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java
+            ) ?: return@forEach
+            val callbacksCallingThisMethod = if (cb.calledByCallbackId == 0) {
+                0
+            } else {
+                1 shl cb.calledByCallbackId
+            }
+            parsedMethods.add(
+                NetworkCallbackMethodBuilder(
+                    method.name,
+                    method.parameterTypes.toList(),
+                    Modifier.isFinal(method.modifiers),
+                    cb.methodId,
+                    cb.mayCall.toSet(),
+                    callbacksCallingThisMethod
+                )
+            )
+        }
+
+        // Propagate callbacksCallingThisMethod for transitive calls
+        do {
+            var hadChange = false
+            parsedMethods.forEach { caller ->
+                parsedMethods.forEach { callee ->
+                    if (caller.mayCall?.contains(callee.methodId) == true) {
+                        // Callbacks that call the caller also cause calls to the callee. So
+                        // callbacksCallingThisMethod for the callee should include
+                        // callbacksCallingThisMethod from the caller.
+                        val newValue =
+                            caller.callbacksCallingThisMethod or callee.callbacksCallingThisMethod
+                        hadChange = hadChange || callee.callbacksCallingThisMethod != newValue
+                        callee.callbacksCallingThisMethod = newValue
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } while (hadChange)
+
+        // Final methods may affect the flags for transitive calls, but cannot be overridden, so do
+        // not need to be in the list (no overridden method in NetworkCallback will match them).
+        return parsedMethods.filter { !it.isFinal }.map { it.build() }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMethodsAreAnnotated() {
+        val annotations = NetworkCallback::class.java.declaredMethods.mapNotNull { method ->
+            if (!Modifier.isPublic(method.modifiers) && !Modifier.isProtected(method.modifiers)) {
+                return@mapNotNull null
+            }
+            val annotation = method.getAnnotation(NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java)
+            assertNotNull(annotation, "$method is missing the @FilteredCallback annotation")
+            return@mapNotNull annotation
+        }
+
+        annotations.groupingBy { it.methodId }.eachCount().forEach { (methodId, cnt) ->
+            assertEquals(1, cnt, "Method ID $methodId is used more than once in @FilteredCallback")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testObviousCalleesAreInAnnotation() {
+        NetworkCallback::class.java.declaredMethods.forEach { method ->
+            val annotation = method.getAnnotation(NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java)
+                ?: return@forEach
+            val missingFlags = getObviousCallees(method).toMutableSet().apply {
+                removeAll(annotation.mayCall.toSet())
+            }
+            val msg = "@FilteredCallback on $method is missing flags " +
+                    "$missingFlags in mayCall. There may be other " +
+                    "calls that are not detected if they are done conditionally."
+            assertEquals(emptySet(), missingFlags, msg)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoke the specified NetworkCallback method with mock arguments, return a set of transitively
+     * called methods.
+     *
+     * This provides an idea of which methods are transitively called by the specified method. It's
+     * not perfect as some callees could be called or not depending on the exact values of the mock
+     * arguments that are passed in (for example, onAvailable calls onNetworkSuspended only if the
+     * capabilities lack the NOT_SUSPENDED capability), but it should catch obvious forgotten calls.
+     */
+    private fun getObviousCallees(method: Method): Set<Int> {
+        // Create a mock NetworkCallback that mocks all methods except the one specified by the
+        // caller.
+        val mockCallback = mock(NetworkCallback::class.java)
+
+        if (!Modifier.isFinal(method.modifiers) ||
+            // The mock class will be NetworkCallback (not a subclass) if using mockito-inline,
+            // which mocks final methods too
+            mockCallback.javaClass == NetworkCallback::class.java) {
+            doCallRealMethod().`when`(mockCallback).let { mockObj ->
+                val anyArgs = method.parameterTypes.map { any(it) }
+                method.invoke(mockObj, *anyArgs.toTypedArray())
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Invoke the target method with mock parameters
+        val mockParameters = method.parameterTypes.map { getMockFor(method, it) }
+        method.invoke(mockCallback, *mockParameters.toTypedArray())
+
+        // Aggregate callees
+        val mockingDetails = mockingDetails(mockCallback)
+        return mockingDetails.invocations.mapNotNull { inv ->
+            if (inv.method == method) {
+                null
+            } else {
+                inv.method.getAnnotation(NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java)?.methodId
+            }
+        }.toSet()
+    }
+
+    private fun getMockFor(method: Method, c: Class<*>): Any {
+        if (!c.isPrimitive && !Modifier.isFinal(c.modifiers)) {
+            return mock(c)
+        }
+        return when (c) {
+            NetworkCapabilities::class.java -> NetworkCapabilities()
+            LinkProperties::class.java -> LinkProperties()
+            LocalNetworkInfo::class.java -> LocalNetworkInfo(null)
+            Boolean::class.java -> false
+            Int::class.java -> 0
+            else -> fail("No mock set for parameter type $c used in $method")
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index cbc060a..859c54a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.UidOwnerValue;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
@@ -1249,6 +1251,32 @@
         );
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlockedForCoreUids() throws Exception {
+        final long allowlistMatch = BACKGROUND_MATCH;    // Enable any allowlist match.
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(allowlistMatch));
+
+        // Verify that a normal uid that is not on this chain is indeed blocked.
+        assertTrue(BpfNetMapsUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID, false, mConfigurationMap,
+                mUidOwnerMap, mDataSaverEnabledMap));
+
+        final int[] coreAids = new int[] {
+                Process.ROOT_UID,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID,
+                Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID - 10,
+                Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID - 1,
+        };
+        // Core appIds are not on the chain but should still be allowed on any user.
+        for (int userId = 0; userId < 20; userId++) {
+            for (final int aid : coreAids) {
+                final int uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, aid);
+                assertFalse(BpfNetMapsUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, false, mConfigurationMap,
+                        mUidOwnerMap, mDataSaverEnabledMap));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private void doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
             final long enabledMatches,
             final long uidRules,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 8526a9a..be7f2a3 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -2871,7 +2871,7 @@
         };
         final NetworkRequest request = mService.listenForNetwork(caps, messenger, binder,
                 NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE, mContext.getOpPackageName(),
-                mContext.getAttributionTag());
+                mContext.getAttributionTag(), ~0 /* declaredMethodsFlag */);
         mService.releaseNetworkRequest(request);
         deathRecipient.get().binderDied();
         // Wait for the release message to be processed.
@@ -5407,7 +5407,7 @@
             mService.requestNetwork(Process.INVALID_UID, networkCapabilities,
                     NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST.ordinal(), null, 0, null,
                     ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE,
-                    mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+                    mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag(), ~0 /* declaredMethodsFlag */);
         });
 
         final NetworkRequest.Builder builder =
@@ -13655,7 +13655,8 @@
                     IllegalArgumentException.class,
                     () -> mService.requestNetwork(Process.INVALID_UID, nc, reqTypeInt, null, 0,
                             null, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE, NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE,
-                            mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag())
+                            mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag(),
+                            ~0 /* declaredMethodsFlag */)
             );
         }
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBlockedReasonsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBlockedReasonsTest.kt
index 3ad8de8..985d403 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBlockedReasonsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSBlockedReasonsTest.kt
@@ -419,4 +419,30 @@
         deps.setChangeIdEnabled(true, NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION)
         doTestBlockedReasonsNoInternetPermission(blockedByNoInternetPermission = true)
     }
+
+    private fun doTestEnforceMeteredApnPolicy(restricted: Boolean) {
+        doReturn(restricted).`when`(bpfNetMaps).isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(Process.myUid())
+
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc())
+        cellAgent.connect()
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(cellRequest(), cb)
+
+        if (restricted) {
+            waitForIdle()
+            cb.assertNoCallback()
+        } else {
+            cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(cellAgent.network, validated = false)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEnforceMeteredApnPolicy_restricted() {
+        doTestEnforceMeteredApnPolicy(restricted = true)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEnforceMeteredApnPolicy_notRestricted() {
+        doTestEnforceMeteredApnPolicy(restricted = false)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf990b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivityservice
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.packBits
+import com.android.server.CSTest
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService
+import com.android.server.defaultLp
+import com.android.server.defaultNc
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
+import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest : CSTest() {
+    private val mockedCallbackFlags = AtomicInteger(DECLARED_METHODS_ALL)
+    private lateinit var wrappedService: ConnectivityService
+
+    private val instrumentedCm by lazy { ConnectivityManager(context, wrappedService) }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUpWrappedService() {
+        // Mock the callback flags set by ConnectivityManager when calling ConnectivityService, to
+        // simulate methods not being overridden
+        wrappedService = spy(service)
+        doAnswer { inv ->
+            service.requestNetwork(
+                inv.getArgument(0),
+                inv.getArgument(1),
+                inv.getArgument(2),
+                inv.getArgument(3),
+                inv.getArgument(4),
+                inv.getArgument(5),
+                inv.getArgument(6),
+                inv.getArgument(7),
+                inv.getArgument(8),
+                inv.getArgument(9),
+                mockedCallbackFlags.get())
+        }.`when`(wrappedService).requestNetwork(
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt(),
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt()
+        )
+        doAnswer { inv ->
+            service.listenForNetwork(
+                inv.getArgument(0),
+                inv.getArgument(1),
+                inv.getArgument(2),
+                inv.getArgument(3),
+                inv.getArgument(4),
+                inv.getArgument(5),
+                mockedCallbackFlags.get()
+            )
+        }.`when`(wrappedService)
+            .listenForNetwork(any(), any(), any(), anyInt(), any(), any(), anyInt())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCallbacksAreFiltered() {
+        val requestCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val listenCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        mockedCallbackFlags.withFlags(CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED, CALLBACK_LOST) {
+            instrumentedCm.requestNetwork(NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), requestCb)
+        }
+        mockedCallbackFlags.withFlags(CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED) {
+            instrumentedCm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), listenCb)
+        }
+
+        with(Agent()) {
+            connect()
+            sendLinkProperties(defaultLp().apply {
+                addLinkAddress(LinkAddress("fe80:db8::123/64"))
+            })
+            sendNetworkCapabilities(defaultNc().apply {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+            })
+            disconnect()
+        }
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        // Only callbacks for the corresponding flags are called
+        requestCb.expect<CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged>()
+        requestCb.expect<CallbackEntry.Lost>()
+        requestCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0L)
+
+        listenCb.expect<CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged>()
+        listenCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0L)
+    }
+}
+
+private fun AtomicInteger.withFlags(vararg flags: Int, action: () -> Unit) {
+    tryTest {
+        set(packBits(flags).toInt())
+        action()
+    } cleanup {
+        set(DECLARED_METHODS_ALL)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8b2f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ktlint does not allow annotating function argument literals inline. Disable the specific rule
+// since this negatively affects readability.
+@file:Suppress("ktlint:standard:comment-wrapping")
+
+package com.android.server.ethernet
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.test.TestLooper
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+
+private const val IFACE = "eth0"
+private val CAPS = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build()
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+class EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest {
+    private lateinit var looper: TestLooper
+    private lateinit var handler: Handler
+    private lateinit var ifaceState: EthernetInterfaceStateMachine
+
+    @Mock private lateinit var context: Context
+    @Mock private lateinit var provider: NetworkProvider
+    @Mock private lateinit var deps: EthernetNetworkFactory.Dependencies
+
+    // There seems to be no (obvious) way to force execution of @Before and @Test annotation on the
+    // same thread. Since SyncStateMachine requires all interactions to be called from the same
+    // thread that is provided at construction time (in this case, the thread that TestLooper() is
+    // called on), setUp() must be called directly from the @Test method.
+    // TODO: find a way to fix this in the test runner.
+    fun setUp() {
+        looper = TestLooper()
+        handler = Handler(looper.looper)
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+
+        ifaceState = EthernetInterfaceStateMachine(IFACE, handler, context, CAPS, provider, deps)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpdateLinkState_networkOfferRegisteredAndRetracted() {
+        setUp()
+
+        ifaceState.updateLinkState(/* up= */ true)
+
+        // link comes up: validate the NetworkOffer is registered and capture callback object.
+        val inOrder = inOrder(provider)
+        val networkOfferCb = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkOfferCallback::class.java).also {
+            inOrder.verify(provider).registerNetworkOffer(any(), any(), any(), it.capture())
+        }.value
+
+        ifaceState.updateLinkState(/* up */ false)
+
+        // link goes down: validate the NetworkOffer is retracted
+        inOrder.verify(provider).unregisterNetworkOffer(eq(networkOfferCb))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IConfigurationReceiver.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IConfigurationReceiver.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcc4545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IConfigurationReceiver.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
+
+/** Receives the result of a Thread Configuration change. @hide */
+oneway interface IConfigurationReceiver {
+    void onConfigurationChanged(in ThreadConfiguration configuration);
+}
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
index c5ca557..f50de74 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
 import android.net.thread.ChannelMaxPower;
 import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
-import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
+import android.net.thread.IConfigurationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
 import android.net.thread.IScheduleMigrationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IStateCallback;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 
 /**
 * Interface for communicating with ThreadNetworkControllerService.
@@ -46,4 +48,7 @@
     void createRandomizedDataset(String networkName, IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver receiver);
 
     void setEnabled(boolean enabled, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+    void setConfiguration(in ThreadConfiguration config, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+    void registerConfigurationCallback(in IConfigurationReceiver receiver);
+    void unregisterConfigurationCallback(in IConfigurationReceiver receiver);
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java
index 520acbd..cecb4e9 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java
@@ -65,11 +65,32 @@
      */
     @NonNull
     public static OperationalDatasetTimestamp fromInstant(@NonNull Instant instant) {
+        return OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(instant, true /* isAuthoritativeSource */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link OperationalDatasetTimestamp} object from an {@link Instant}.
+     *
+     * <p>The {@code seconds} is set to {@code instant.getEpochSecond()}, {@code ticks} is set to
+     * {@link instant#getNano()} based on frequency of 32768 Hz, and {@code isAuthoritativeSource}
+     * is set to {@code isAuthoritativeSource}.
+     *
+     * <p>Note that this conversion can lose precision and a value returned by {@link #toInstant}
+     * may not equal exactly the {@code instant}.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code instant.getEpochSecond()} is larger than {@code
+     *     0xffffffffffffL}
+     * @see toInstant
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static OperationalDatasetTimestamp fromInstant(
+            @NonNull Instant instant, boolean isAuthoritativeSource) {
         int ticks = getRoundedTicks(instant.getNano());
         long seconds = instant.getEpochSecond() + ticks / TICKS_UPPER_BOUND;
         // the rounded ticks can be 0x8000 if instant.getNano() >= 999984742
         ticks = ticks % TICKS_UPPER_BOUND;
-        return new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(seconds, ticks, true /* isAuthoritativeSource */);
+        return new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(seconds, ticks, isAuthoritativeSource);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9473411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+parcelable ThreadConfiguration;
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e09b3a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Data interface for Thread device configuration.
+ *
+ * <p>An example usage of creating a {@link ThreadConfiguration} that turns on NAT64 feature based
+ * on an existing {@link ThreadConfiguration}:
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * ThreadConfiguration config =
+ *     new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(existingConfig).setNat64Enabled(true).build();
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * @see ThreadNetworkController#setConfiguration
+ * @see ThreadNetworkController#registerConfigurationCallback
+ * @see ThreadNetworkController#unregisterConfigurationCallback
+ * @hide
+ */
+// @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+// @SystemApi
+public final class ThreadConfiguration implements Parcelable {
+    private final boolean mNat64Enabled;
+    private final boolean mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+
+    private ThreadConfiguration(Builder builder) {
+        this(builder.mNat64Enabled, builder.mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+    }
+
+    private ThreadConfiguration(boolean nat64Enabled, boolean dhcp6PdEnabled) {
+        this.mNat64Enabled = nat64Enabled;
+        this.mDhcp6PdEnabled = dhcp6PdEnabled;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if NAT64 is enabled. */
+    public boolean isNat64Enabled() {
+        return mNat64Enabled;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation is enabled. */
+    public boolean isDhcp6PdEnabled() {
+        return mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (!(other instanceof ThreadConfiguration)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            ThreadConfiguration otherConfig = (ThreadConfiguration) other;
+            return mNat64Enabled == otherConfig.mNat64Enabled
+                    && mDhcp6PdEnabled == otherConfig.mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mNat64Enabled, mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append('{');
+        sb.append("Nat64Enabled=").append(mNat64Enabled);
+        sb.append(", Dhcp6PdEnabled=").append(mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+        sb.append('}');
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeBoolean(mNat64Enabled);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<ThreadConfiguration> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<>() {
+                @Override
+                public ThreadConfiguration createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    ThreadConfiguration.Builder builder = new ThreadConfiguration.Builder();
+                    builder.setNat64Enabled(in.readBoolean());
+                    builder.setDhcp6PdEnabled(in.readBoolean());
+                    return builder.build();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public ThreadConfiguration[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new ThreadConfiguration[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    /** The builder for creating {@link ThreadConfiguration} objects. */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private boolean mNat64Enabled = false;
+        private boolean mDhcp6PdEnabled = false;
+
+        /** Creates a new {@link Builder} object with all features disabled. */
+        public Builder() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link Builder} object from a {@link ThreadConfiguration} object.
+         *
+         * @param config the Border Router configurations to be copied
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull ThreadConfiguration config) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(config);
+
+            mNat64Enabled = config.mNat64Enabled;
+            mDhcp6PdEnabled = config.mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables NAT64 for the device.
+         *
+         * <p>Enabling this feature will allow Thread devices to connect to the internet/cloud over
+         * IPv4.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setNat64Enabled(boolean enabled) {
+            this.mNat64Enabled = enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables Prefix Delegation for the device.
+         *
+         * <p>Enabling this feature will allow Thread devices to connect to the internet/cloud over
+         * IPv6.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setDhcp6PdEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+            this.mDhcp6PdEnabled = enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /** Creates a new {@link ThreadConfiguration} object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public ThreadConfiguration build() {
+            return new ThreadConfiguration(this);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
index 8d6b40a..30b3d6a 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
  * Provides the primary APIs for controlling all aspects of a Thread network.
@@ -124,6 +125,12 @@
     private final Map<OperationalDatasetCallback, OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy>
             mOpDatasetCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();
 
+    private final Object mConfigurationCallbackMapLock = new Object();
+
+    @GuardedBy("mConfigurationCallbackMapLock")
+    private final Map<Consumer<ThreadConfiguration>, ConfigurationCallbackProxy>
+            mConfigurationCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();
+
     /** @hide */
     public ThreadNetworkController(@NonNull IThreadNetworkController controllerService) {
         requireNonNull(controllerService, "controllerService cannot be null");
@@ -579,6 +586,97 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Configures the Thread features for this device.
+     *
+     * <p>This method sets the {@link ThreadConfiguration} for this device. On success, the {@link
+     * OutcomeReceiver#onResult} will be called, and the {@code configuration} will be applied and
+     * persisted to the device; the configuration changes can be observed by {@link
+     * #registerConfigurationCallback}. On failure, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onError} of {@code
+     * receiver} will be invoked with a specific error.
+     *
+     * @param configuration the configuration to set
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    // @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void setConfiguration(
+            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        requireNonNull(configuration, "Configuration cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+        try {
+            mControllerService.setConfiguration(
+                    configuration, new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a callback to be called when the configuration is changed.
+     *
+     * <p>Upon return of this method, {@code callback} will be invoked immediately with the new
+     * {@link ThreadConfiguration}.
+     *
+     * @param executor the executor to execute the {@code callback}
+     * @param callback the callback to receive Thread configuration changes
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} has already been registered
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    // @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void registerConfigurationCallback(
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> callback) {
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mConfigurationCallbackMapLock) {
+            if (mConfigurationCallbackMap.containsKey(callback)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback has already been registered");
+            }
+            ConfigurationCallbackProxy callbackProxy =
+                    new ConfigurationCallbackProxy(executor, callback);
+            mConfigurationCallbackMap.put(callback, callbackProxy);
+            try {
+                mControllerService.registerConfigurationCallback(callbackProxy);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mConfigurationCallbackMap.remove(callback);
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the configuration callback.
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback which has been registered with {@link
+     *     #registerConfigurationCallback}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} hasn't been registered
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    // @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void unregisterConfigurationCallback(@NonNull Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> callback) {
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mConfigurationCallbackMapLock) {
+            ConfigurationCallbackProxy callbackProxy = mConfigurationCallbackMap.get(callback);
+            if (callbackProxy == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback hasn't been registered");
+            }
+            try {
+                mControllerService.unregisterConfigurationCallback(callbackProxy);
+                mConfigurationCallbackMap.remove(callbackProxy.mConfigurationConsumer);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Sets to use a specified test network as the upstream.
      *
      * @param testNetworkInterfaceName The name of the test network interface. When it's null,
@@ -764,4 +862,26 @@
             propagateError(mExecutor, mResultReceiver, errorCode, errorMessage);
         }
     }
+
+    private static final class ConfigurationCallbackProxy extends IConfigurationReceiver.Stub {
+        final Executor mExecutor;
+        final Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> mConfigurationConsumer;
+
+        ConfigurationCallbackProxy(
+                @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+                Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> ConfigurationConsumer) {
+            this.mExecutor = executor;
+            this.mConfigurationConsumer = ConfigurationConsumer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onConfigurationChanged(ThreadConfiguration configuration) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mConfigurationConsumer.accept(configuration));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java
index e6ab988..691bbf5 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java
@@ -27,5 +27,9 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final String FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED = "com.android.net.thread.flags.thread_enabled";
 
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final String FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED =
+            "com.android.net.thread.flags.configuration_enabled";
+
     private ThreadNetworkFlags() {}
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
index be54cbc..e72c9ee 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
@@ -16,14 +16,30 @@
 
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
-import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_RAW;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_CHECKSUM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_RECVPKTINFO;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS;
 
+import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /** Controller for the infrastructure network interface. */
 public class InfraInterfaceController {
     private static final String TAG = "InfraIfController";
 
+    private static final int ENABLE = 1;
+    private static final int IPV6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET = 2;
+    private static final int HOP_LIMIT = 255;
+
     static {
         System.loadLibrary("service-thread-jni");
     }
@@ -37,8 +53,21 @@
      * @throws IOException when fails to create the socket.
      */
     public ParcelFileDescriptor createIcmp6Socket(String infraInterfaceName) throws IOException {
-        return ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(nativeCreateIcmp6Socket(infraInterfaceName));
+        ParcelFileDescriptor parcelFd =
+                ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(nativeCreateFilteredIcmp6Socket());
+        FileDescriptor fd = parcelFd.getFileDescriptor();
+        try {
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, IPV6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, ENABLE);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, ENABLE);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, HOP_LIMIT);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, HOP_LIMIT);
+            SocketUtils.bindSocketToInterface(fd, infraInterfaceName);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to setsockopt for the ICMPv6 socket", e);
+        }
+        return parcelFd;
     }
 
-    private static native int nativeCreateIcmp6Socket(String interfaceName) throws IOException;
+    private static native int nativeCreateFilteredIcmp6Socket() throws IOException;
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index 0c77dee..2f60d9a 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -91,12 +91,14 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy;
 import android.net.thread.ChannelMaxPower;
 import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IConfigurationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
 import android.net.thread.IStateCallback;
 import android.net.thread.IThreadNetworkController;
 import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DeviceRole;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
@@ -189,6 +191,8 @@
     private final OtDaemonCallbackProxy mOtDaemonCallbackProxy = new OtDaemonCallbackProxy();
     private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
     private final Supplier<String> mCountryCodeSupplier;
+    private final Map<IConfigurationReceiver, IBinder.DeathRecipient> mConfigurationReceivers =
+            new HashMap<>();
 
     // This should not be directly used for calling IOtDaemon APIs because ot-daemon may die and
     // {@code mOtDaemon} will be set to {@code null}. Instead, use {@code getOtDaemon()}
@@ -518,17 +522,86 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void setConfiguration(
+            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> setConfigurationInternal(configuration, receiver));
+    }
+
+    private void setConfigurationInternal(
+            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration,
+            @NonNull IOperationReceiver operationReceiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Set Thread configuration: " + configuration);
+
+        final boolean changed = mPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+        try {
+            operationReceiver.onSuccess();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // do nothing if the client is dead
+        }
+        if (changed) {
+            for (IConfigurationReceiver configReceiver : mConfigurationReceivers.keySet()) {
+                try {
+                    configReceiver.onConfigurationChanged(configuration);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerConfigurationCallback(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> registerConfigurationCallbackInternal(callback));
+    }
+
+    private void registerConfigurationCallbackInternal(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (mConfigurationReceivers.containsKey(callback)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Registering the same IConfigurationReceiver twice");
+        }
+        IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient =
+                () -> mHandler.post(() -> unregisterConfigurationCallbackInternal(callback));
+        try {
+            callback.asBinder().linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mConfigurationReceivers.put(callback, deathRecipient);
+        try {
+            callback.onConfigurationChanged(mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // do nothing if the client is dead
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterConfigurationCallback(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> unregisterConfigurationCallbackInternal(callback));
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterConfigurationCallbackInternal(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (!mConfigurationReceivers.containsKey(callback)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        callback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mConfigurationReceivers.remove(callback), 0);
+    }
+
     private void registerUserRestrictionsReceiver() {
         mContext.registerReceiver(
                 new BroadcastReceiver() {
                     @Override
                     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-                        onUserRestrictionsChanged(isThreadUserRestricted());
+                        mHandler.post(() -> onUserRestrictionsChanged(isThreadUserRestricted()));
                     }
                 },
-                new IntentFilter(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED),
-                null /* broadcastPermission */,
-                mHandler);
+                new IntentFilter(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED));
     }
 
     private void onUserRestrictionsChanged(boolean newUserRestrictedState) {
@@ -580,12 +653,10 @@
                 new BroadcastReceiver() {
                     @Override
                     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-                        onAirplaneModeChanged(isAirplaneModeOn());
+                        mHandler.post(() -> onAirplaneModeChanged(isAirplaneModeOn()));
                     }
                 },
-                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED),
-                null /* broadcastPermission */,
-                mHandler);
+                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED));
     }
 
     private void onAirplaneModeChanged(boolean newAirplaneModeOn) {
@@ -884,9 +955,7 @@
         final byte[] securityFlags = new byte[] {(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xf8};
 
         return new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder()
-                .setActiveTimestamp(
-                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(
-                                now.getEpochSecond() & 0xffffffffffffL, 0, authoritative))
+                .setActiveTimestamp(OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(now, authoritative))
                 .setExtendedPanId(newRandomBytes(random, LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID))
                 .setPanId(panId)
                 .setNetworkName(networkName)
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
index f18aac9..747cc96 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.ApexEnvironment;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.util.AtomicFile;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -74,6 +76,16 @@
     /** Stores the Thread country code, null if no country code is stored. */
     public static final Key<String> THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE = new Key<>("thread_country_code", null);
 
+    /** Stores the Thread NAT64 feature toggle state, true for enabled and false for disabled. */
+    private static final Key<Boolean> CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED =
+            new Key<>("config_nat64_enabled", false);
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the Thread DHCPv6-PD feature toggle state, true for enabled and false for disabled.
+     */
+    private static final Key<Boolean> CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED =
+            new Key<>("config_dhcp6_pd_enabled", false);
+
     /******** Thread persistent setting keys ***************/
 
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
@@ -175,6 +187,30 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Store a {@link ThreadConfiguration} to the persistent settings.
+     *
+     * @param configuration {@link ThreadConfiguration} to be stored.
+     * @return {@code true} if the configuration was changed, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean putConfiguration(@NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration) {
+        if (getConfiguration().equals(configuration)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        putObject(CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED.key, configuration.isNat64Enabled());
+        putObject(CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED.key, configuration.isDhcp6PdEnabled());
+        writeToStoreFile();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** Retrieve the {@link ThreadConfiguration} from the persistent settings. */
+    public ThreadConfiguration getConfiguration() {
+        return new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setNat64Enabled(get(CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED))
+                .setDhcp6PdEnabled(get(CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Base class to store string key and its default value.
      *
      * @param <T> Type of the value.
diff --git a/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
index 5d24eab..1f260f2 100644
--- a/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
+++ b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
@@ -42,15 +42,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 static jint
-com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createIcmp6Socket(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz,
-                                                                     jstring interfaceName) {
-  ScopedUtfChars ifName(env, interfaceName);
-
-  struct icmp6_filter filter;
-  constexpr int kEnable = 1;
-  constexpr int kIpv6ChecksumOffset = 2;
-  constexpr int kHopLimit = 255;
-
+com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createFilteredIcmp6Socket(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                                             jobject clazz) {
   // Initializes the ICMPv6 socket.
   int sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
   if (sock == -1) {
@@ -59,6 +52,7 @@
     return -1;
   }
 
+  struct icmp6_filter filter;
   // Only accept Router Advertisements, Router Solicitations and Neighbor
   // Advertisements.
   ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filter);
@@ -73,53 +67,6 @@
     return -1;
   }
 
-  // We want a source address and interface index.
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &kEnable, sizeof(kEnable)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_RECVPKTINFO (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, &kIpv6ChecksumOffset,
-                 sizeof(kIpv6ChecksumOffset)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_CHECKSUM (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  // We need to be able to reject RAs arriving from off-link.
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &kEnable, sizeof(kEnable)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &kHopLimit, sizeof(kHopLimit)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &kHopLimit, sizeof(kHopLimit)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
-                         "failed to create the setsockopt IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, ifName.c_str(), strlen(ifName.c_str()))) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt SO_BINDTODEVICE (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
   return sock;
 }
 
@@ -129,8 +76,8 @@
 
 static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
     /* name, signature, funcPtr */
-    {"nativeCreateIcmp6Socket", "(Ljava/lang/String;)I",
-     (void *)com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createIcmp6Socket},
+    {"nativeCreateFilteredIcmp6Socket", "()I",
+     (void *)com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createFilteredIcmp6Socket},
 };
 
 int register_com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController(JNIEnv *env) {
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
index 0e95703..41f34ff 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
 
 import android.content.Context;
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
index 2244a89..11c78e3 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
@@ -41,6 +41,19 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void fromInstant_authoritativeIsSetAsSpecified() {
+        Instant instant = Instant.now();
+
+        OperationalDatasetTimestamp timestampAuthoritativeFalse =
+                OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(instant, false);
+        OperationalDatasetTimestamp timestampAuthoritativeTrue =
+                OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(instant, true);
+
+        assertThat(timestampAuthoritativeFalse.isAuthoritativeSource()).isEqualTo(false);
+        assertThat(timestampAuthoritativeTrue.isAuthoritativeSource()).isEqualTo(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void fromTlvValue_goodValue_success() {
         OperationalDatasetTimestamp timestamp =
                 OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromTlvValue(base16().decode("FFEEDDCCBBAA9989"));
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
index ae0bc80..b32986d 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
 
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.DnsTxtAttribute;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdDiscoverServiceCallback;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdResolveHostCallback;
@@ -50,6 +53,7 @@
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
@@ -62,6 +66,8 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link NsdPublisher}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public final class NsdPublisherTest {
     private static final DnsTxtAttribute TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1 =
             new DnsTxtAttribute("key1", new byte[] {0x01, 0x02});
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
index 2f58943..6e2369f 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
 import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -98,6 +99,8 @@
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.time.Clock;
 import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
@@ -539,9 +542,7 @@
                 .when(mContext)
                 .registerReceiver(
                         any(BroadcastReceiver.class),
-                        argThat(actualIntentFilter -> actualIntentFilter.hasAction(action)),
-                        any(),
-                        any());
+                        argThat(actualIntentFilter -> actualIntentFilter.hasAction(action)));
 
         return receiverRef;
     }
@@ -585,6 +586,55 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_zeroNanoseconds_returnsZeroTicks() throws Exception {
+        Instant now = Instant.ofEpochSecond(0, 0);
+        Clock clock = Clock.fixed(now, ZoneId.systemDefault());
+        MockitoSession session =
+                ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession().mockStatic(SystemClock.class).startMocking();
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                ExtendedMockito.mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+
+        try {
+            ExtendedMockito.when(SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock()).thenReturn(clock);
+            mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+            mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } finally {
+            session.finishMocking();
+        }
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onError(anyInt(), anyString());
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess(mActiveDatasetCaptor.capture());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = mActiveDatasetCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getActiveTimestamp().getTicks()).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_maxNanoseconds_returnsMaxTicks() throws Exception {
+        // The nanoseconds to ticks conversion is rounded in the current implementation.
+        // 32767.5 / 32768 * 1000000000 = 999984741.2109375, using 999984741 to
+        // produce the maximum ticks.
+        Instant now = Instant.ofEpochSecond(0, 999984741);
+        Clock clock = Clock.fixed(now, ZoneId.systemDefault());
+        MockitoSession session =
+                ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession().mockStatic(SystemClock.class).startMocking();
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                ExtendedMockito.mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+
+        try {
+            ExtendedMockito.when(SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock()).thenReturn(clock);
+            mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+            mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } finally {
+            session.finishMocking();
+        }
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onError(anyInt(), anyString());
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess(mActiveDatasetCaptor.capture());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = mActiveDatasetCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getActiveTimestamp().getTicks()).isEqualTo(32767);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void createRandomizedDataset_hasNetworkTimeClock_datasetActiveTimestampIsAuthoritative()
             throws Exception {
         MockitoSession session =
@@ -708,4 +758,35 @@
         inOrder.verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).setInterfaceUp(false);
         inOrder.verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).setInterfaceUp(true);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setConfiguration_configurationUpdated() throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver1 = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver2 = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver3 = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        ThreadConfiguration config1 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(false)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(false)
+                        .build();
+        ThreadConfiguration config2 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(true)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(true)
+                        .build();
+        ThreadConfiguration config3 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(config2).build(); // Same as config2
+
+        mService.setConfiguration(config1, mockReceiver1);
+        mService.setConfiguration(config2, mockReceiver2);
+        mService.setConfiguration(config3, mockReceiver3);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(config3);
+        InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(mockReceiver1, mockReceiver2, mockReceiver3);
+        inOrder.verify(mockReceiver1).onSuccess();
+        inOrder.verify(mockReceiver2).onSuccess();
+        inOrder.verify(mockReceiver3).onSuccess();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
index 7d2fe91..c932ac8 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
@@ -21,16 +21,12 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.validateMockitoUsage;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.util.AtomicFile;
 
@@ -42,13 +38,14 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link ThreadPersistentSettings}. */
@@ -57,12 +54,15 @@
 public class ThreadPersistentSettingsTest {
     private static final String TEST_COUNTRY_CODE = "CN";
 
-    @Mock private AtomicFile mAtomicFile;
     @Mock Resources mResources;
     @Mock ConnectivityResources mConnectivityResources;
 
+    private AtomicFile mAtomicFile;
     private ThreadPersistentSettings mThreadPersistentSettings;
 
+    @Rule(order = 0)
+    public final TemporaryFolder mTemporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@
         when(mConnectivityResources.get()).thenReturn(mResources);
         when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(true);
 
-        FileOutputStream fos = mock(FileOutputStream.class);
-        when(mAtomicFile.startWrite()).thenReturn(fos);
+        mAtomicFile = createAtomicFile();
         mThreadPersistentSettings =
                 new ThreadPersistentSettings(mAtomicFile, mConnectivityResources);
     }
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@
     @Test
     public void initialize_readsFromFile() throws Exception {
         byte[] data = createXmlForParsing(THREAD_ENABLED.key, false);
-        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(data);
+        setupAtomicFileForRead(data);
 
         mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
 
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@
     @Test
     public void initialize_ThreadDisabledInResources_returnsThreadDisabled() throws Exception {
         when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(false);
-        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(new byte[0]);
+        setupAtomicFileForRead(new byte[0]);
 
         mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
 
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@
             throws Exception {
         when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(false);
         byte[] data = createXmlForParsing(THREAD_ENABLED.key, true);
-        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(data);
+        setupAtomicFileForRead(data);
 
         mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
 
@@ -119,9 +118,6 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_ENABLED.key, true);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isTrue();
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -129,9 +125,8 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_ENABLED.key, false);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isFalse();
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isFalse();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -139,10 +134,8 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE.key, TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
-
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -150,10 +143,63 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE.key, null);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isNull();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isNull();
+    }
 
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_sameValues_returnsFalse() {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(true)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(true)
+                        .build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_differentValues_returnsTrue() {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration1 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(false)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(false)
+                        .build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration1);
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration2 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(true)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(true)
+                        .build();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration2)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_nat64Enabled_valuesUpdatedAndPersisted() throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_dhcp6PdEnabled_valuesUpdatedAndPersisted() throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setDhcp6PdEnabled(true).build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+    }
+
+    private AtomicFile createAtomicFile() throws Exception {
+        return new AtomicFile(mTemporaryFolder.newFile());
     }
 
     private byte[] createXmlForParsing(String key, Boolean value) throws Exception {
@@ -164,19 +210,9 @@
         return outputStream.toByteArray();
     }
 
-    private void setupAtomicFileMockForRead(byte[] dataToRead) throws Exception {
-        FileInputStream is = mock(FileInputStream.class);
-        when(mAtomicFile.openRead()).thenReturn(is);
-        when(is.available()).thenReturn(dataToRead.length).thenReturn(0);
-        doAnswer(
-                        invocation -> {
-                            byte[] data = invocation.getArgument(0);
-                            int pos = invocation.getArgument(1);
-                            if (pos == dataToRead.length) return 0; // read complete.
-                            System.arraycopy(dataToRead, 0, data, 0, dataToRead.length);
-                            return dataToRead.length;
-                        })
-                .when(is)
-                .read(any(), anyInt(), anyInt());
+    private void setupAtomicFileForRead(byte[] dataToRead) throws Exception {
+        try (FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(mAtomicFile.getBaseFile())) {
+            outputStream.write(dataToRead);
+        }
     }
 }