diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index 873961a..d2fe0ed 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -241,9 +241,6 @@
     private final TetherMainSM mTetherMainSM;
     private final OffloadController mOffloadController;
     private final UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
-    // TODO: Figure out how to merge this and other downstream-tracking objects
-    // into a single coherent structure.
-    private final HashSet<IpServer> mForwardedDownstreams;
     private final VersionedBroadcastListener mCarrierConfigChange;
     private final TetheringDependencies mDeps;
     private final EntitlementManager mEntitlementMgr;
@@ -271,8 +268,6 @@
 
     private boolean mRndisEnabled;       // track the RNDIS function enabled state
     private boolean mNcmEnabled;         // track the NCM function enabled state
-    // True iff. WiFi tethering should be started when soft AP is ready.
-    private boolean mWifiTetherRequested;
     private Network mTetherUpstream;
     private TetherStatesParcel mTetherStatesParcel;
     private boolean mDataSaverEnabled = false;
@@ -329,7 +324,6 @@
                 (what, obj) -> {
                     mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK, what, 0, obj);
                 });
-        mForwardedDownstreams = new HashSet<>();
 
         IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
         filter.addAction(ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED);
@@ -763,7 +757,6 @@
             }
             if ((enable && mgr.startTetheredHotspot(null /* use existing softap config */))
                     || (!enable && mgr.stopSoftAp())) {
-                mWifiTetherRequested = enable;
                 return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
             }
         } finally {
@@ -1470,10 +1463,6 @@
     }
 
     private void disableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int apState) {
-        // Regardless of whether we requested this transition, the AP has gone
-        // down.  Don't try to tether again unless we're requested to do so.
-        mWifiTetherRequested = false;
-
         mLog.log("Canceling WiFi tethering request - interface=" + ifname + " state=" + apState);
 
         disableWifiIpServingCommon(TETHERING_WIFI, ifname);
@@ -1505,8 +1494,7 @@
     private void enableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int wifiIpMode) {
         mLog.log("request WiFi tethering - interface=" + ifname + " state=" + wifiIpMode);
 
-        // Map wifiIpMode values to IpServer.Callback serving states, inferring
-        // from mWifiTetherRequested as a final "best guess".
+        // Map wifiIpMode values to IpServer.Callback serving states.
         final int ipServingMode;
         switch (wifiIpMode) {
             case IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED:
@@ -1653,11 +1641,6 @@
         mLog.log(state.getName() + " got " + sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what)));
     }
 
-    private boolean upstreamWanted() {
-        if (!mForwardedDownstreams.isEmpty()) return true;
-        return mWifiTetherRequested;
-    }
-
     // Needed because the canonical source of upstream truth is just the
     // upstream interface set, |mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet|.
     private boolean pertainsToCurrentUpstream(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
@@ -1715,12 +1698,16 @@
         private final ArrayList<IpServer> mNotifyList;
         private final IPv6TetheringCoordinator mIPv6TetheringCoordinator;
         private final OffloadWrapper mOffload;
+        // TODO: Figure out how to merge this and other downstream-tracking objects
+        // into a single coherent structure.
+        private final HashSet<IpServer> mForwardedDownstreams;
 
         private static final int UPSTREAM_SETTLE_TIME_MS     = 10000;
 
         TetherMainSM(String name, Looper looper, TetheringDependencies deps) {
             super(name, looper);
 
+            mForwardedDownstreams = new HashSet<>();
             mInitialState = new InitialState();
             mTetherModeAliveState = new TetherModeAliveState();
             mSetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState = new SetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState();
@@ -2056,6 +2043,10 @@
             }
         }
 
+        private boolean upstreamWanted() {
+            return !mForwardedDownstreams.isEmpty();
+        }
+
         class TetherModeAliveState extends State {
             boolean mUpstreamWanted = false;
             boolean mTryCell = true;
@@ -2651,7 +2642,7 @@
             }
             pw.println(" - lastError = " + tetherState.lastError);
         }
-        pw.println("Upstream wanted: " + upstreamWanted());
+        pw.println("Upstream wanted: " + mTetherMainSM.upstreamWanted());
         pw.println("Current upstream interface(s): " + mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
 
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
index 9dfd225..3f86056 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
     /**
      * Get a reference to BluetoothAdapter to be used by tethering.
      */
+    @Nullable
     public abstract BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter();
 
     /**
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
index aa73819..623f502 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 import android.app.Service;
 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.IIntResultListener;
@@ -377,7 +378,11 @@
 
             @Override
             public BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter() {
-                return BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
+                final BluetoothManager btManager = getSystemService(BluetoothManager.class);
+                if (btManager == null) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                return btManager.getAdapter();
             }
         };
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index f01e1bb..9f430af 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -3653,10 +3653,9 @@
 
         verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
-
         verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER);
-        // FIXME: wifi tethering doesn't have upstream when P2P is enabled.
-        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).setTryCell(true);
+
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
     }
 
     // TODO: Test that a request for hotspot mode doesn't interfere with an
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
index 7fa0661..18c839f 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
@@ -752,8 +752,8 @@
     /**
      * Query realtime mobile network usage statistics.
      *
-     * Return a snapshot of current UID network statistics, as it applies
-     * to the mobile radios of the device. The snapshot will include any
+     * Return a snapshot of current UID network statistics for both cellular and satellite (which
+     * also uses same mobile radio as cellular) when called. The snapshot will include any
      * tethering traffic, video calling data usage and count of
      * network operations set by {@link TrafficStats#incrementOperationCount}
      * made over a mobile radio.
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 84a0d29..85b1dac 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -1775,8 +1775,7 @@
                 // use the same specifier, TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.
                 && mTransportTypes != (1L << TRANSPORT_TEST)
                 && Long.bitCount(mTransportTypes & ~(1L << TRANSPORT_TEST)) != 1
-                && (mTransportTypes & ~(1L << TRANSPORT_TEST))
-                != (1 << TRANSPORT_CELLULAR | 1 << TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)) {
+                && !specifierAcceptableForMultipleTransports(mTransportTypes)) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Must have a single non-test transport specified to "
                     + "use setNetworkSpecifier");
         }
@@ -1786,6 +1785,12 @@
         return this;
     }
 
+    private boolean specifierAcceptableForMultipleTransports(long transportTypes) {
+        return (transportTypes & ~(1L << TRANSPORT_TEST))
+                // Cellular and satellite use the same NetworkSpecifier.
+                == (1 << TRANSPORT_CELLULAR | 1 << TRANSPORT_SATELLITE);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the optional transport specific information.
      *
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index e6fc825..0d75c05 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -179,22 +179,24 @@
 }
 
 Status BpfHandler::init(const char* cg2_path) {
-    // Make sure BPF programs are loaded before doing anything
-    ALOGI("Waiting for BPF programs");
+    if (base::GetProperty("bpf.progs_loaded", "") != "1") {
+        // Make sure BPF programs are loaded before doing anything
+        ALOGI("Waiting for BPF programs");
 
-    if (true || !modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
-        waitForNetProgsLoaded();
-        ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
+        if (true || !modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
+            waitForNetProgsLoaded();
+            ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
 
-        if (!base::SetProperty("ctl.start", "mdnsd_loadbpf")) {
-            ALOGE("Failed to set property ctl.start=mdnsd_loadbpf, see dmesg for reason.");
-            abort();
+            if (!base::SetProperty("ctl.start", "mdnsd_loadbpf")) {
+                ALOGE("Failed to set property ctl.start=mdnsd_loadbpf, see dmesg for reason.");
+                abort();
+            }
+
+            ALOGI("Waiting for remaining BPF programs");
         }
 
-        ALOGI("Waiting for remaining BPF programs");
+        android::bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
     }
-
-    android::bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
     ALOGI("BPF programs are loaded");
 
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initPrograms(cg2_path));
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
index e61555a..54943c7 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
     private final byte[] packetCreationBuffer = new byte[1500]; // TODO: use interface MTU
     @NonNull
     private final List<MdnsResponse> existingServices;
+    private final boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswer;
 
     EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable(
             @NonNull MdnsSocketClientBase requestSender,
@@ -98,7 +99,8 @@
             @NonNull MdnsUtils.Clock clock,
             @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
             @NonNull MdnsServiceTypeClient.Dependencies dependencies,
-            @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> existingServices) {
+            @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> existingServices,
+            boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswer) {
         weakRequestSender = new WeakReference<>(requestSender);
         serviceTypeLabels = TextUtils.split(serviceType, "\\.");
         this.subtypes = new ArrayList<>(subtypes);
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         this.dependencies = dependencies;
         this.existingServices = new ArrayList<>(existingServices);
+        this.isQueryWithKnownAnswer = isQueryWithKnownAnswer;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -226,27 +229,27 @@
 
     private void sendPacket(MdnsSocketClientBase requestSender, InetSocketAddress address,
             MdnsPacket mdnsPacket) throws IOException {
-        final DatagramPacket packet = dependencies.getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                packetCreationBuffer, mdnsPacket, address);
+        final List<DatagramPacket> packets = dependencies.getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                packetCreationBuffer, mdnsPacket, address, isQueryWithKnownAnswer);
         if (expectUnicastResponse) {
             // MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient is only available on T+
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU
                     && requestSender instanceof MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) {
                 ((MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) requestSender).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                        packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                        packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             } else {
                 requestSender.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                        packet, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                        packets, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             }
         } else {
             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU
                     && requestSender instanceof MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) {
                 ((MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient) requestSender)
                         .sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                                packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                                packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             } else {
                 requestSender.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                        packet, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+                        packets, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
index 869ac9b..fcfb15f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
@@ -213,24 +214,30 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    private void sendMdnsPacket(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet, @NonNull SocketKey targetSocketKey,
-            boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+    private void sendMdnsPackets(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
+            @NonNull SocketKey targetSocketKey, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = getTargetSocket(targetSocketKey);
         if (socket == null) {
             mSharedLog.e("No socket matches targetSocketKey=" + targetSocketKey);
             return;
         }
+        if (packets.isEmpty()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "No mDns packets to send");
+            return;
+        }
 
-        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet6Address;
-        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet4Address;
+        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address;
+        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
         final boolean shouldQueryIpv6 = !onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks || !socket.hasJoinedIpv4();
         // Check ip capability and network before sending packet
         if ((isIpv6 && socket.hasJoinedIpv6() && shouldQueryIpv6)
                 || (isIpv4 && socket.hasJoinedIpv4())) {
             try {
-                socket.send(packet);
+                for (DatagramPacket packet : packets) {
+                    socket.send(packet);
+                }
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 mSharedLog.e("Failed to send a mDNS packet.", e);
             }
@@ -259,34 +266,34 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given socket key that asks for multicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given socket key that asks for multicast response.
      */
-    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
-        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPacket(packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
+        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPackets(packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
     }
 
     @Override
     public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-            @NonNull DatagramPacket packet, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+            @NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This socket client need to specify the socket to"
                 + "send packet");
     }
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given socket key that asks for unicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given socket key that asks for unicast response.
      *
      * <p>The socket client may use a null network to identify some or all interfaces, in which case
      * passing null sends the packet to these.
      */
-    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             @NonNull SocketKey socketKey, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
-        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPacket(packet, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
+        mHandler.post(() -> sendMdnsPackets(packets, socketKey, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks));
     }
 
     @Override
     public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-            @NonNull DatagramPacket packet, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+            @NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This socket client need to specify the socket to"
                 + "send packet");
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
index 4b43989..1f9f42b 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecord.java
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@
      * @param writer The writer to use.
      * @param now    The current system time. This is used when writing the updated TTL.
      */
-    @VisibleForTesting
+    @VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
     public final void write(MdnsPacketWriter writer, long now) throws IOException {
         writeHeaderFields(writer);
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
index bfcd0b4..b3bdbe0 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@
     /**
      * Dependencies of MdnsServiceTypeClient, for injection in tests.
      */
-    @VisibleForTesting
+    @VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
     public static class Dependencies {
         /**
          * @see Handler#sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)
@@ -227,13 +228,22 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Generate a DatagramPacket from given MdnsPacket and InetSocketAddress.
+         * Generate the DatagramPackets from given MdnsPacket and InetSocketAddress.
+         *
+         * <p> If the query with known answer feature is enabled and the MdnsPacket is too large for
+         *     a single DatagramPacket, it will be split into multiple DatagramPackets.
          */
-        public DatagramPacket getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(@NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer,
-                @NonNull MdnsPacket packet, @NonNull InetSocketAddress address) throws IOException {
-            final byte[] queryBuffer =
-                    MdnsUtils.createRawDnsPacket(packetCreationBuffer, packet);
-            return new DatagramPacket(queryBuffer, 0, queryBuffer.length, address);
+        public List<DatagramPacket> getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull MdnsPacket packet,
+                @NonNull InetSocketAddress address, boolean isQueryWithKnownAnswer)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (isQueryWithKnownAnswer) {
+                return MdnsUtils.createQueryDatagramPackets(packetCreationBuffer, packet, address);
+            } else {
+                final byte[] queryBuffer =
+                        MdnsUtils.createRawDnsPacket(packetCreationBuffer, packet);
+                return List.of(new DatagramPacket(queryBuffer, 0, queryBuffer.length, address));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -742,7 +752,8 @@
                                 clock,
                                 sharedLog,
                                 dependencies,
-                                existingServices)
+                                existingServices,
+                                featureFlags.isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled())
                                 .call();
             } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 sharedLog.e(String.format("Failed to run EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable for subtype: %s",
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
index 7b71e43..9cfcba1 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.MulticastLock;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
@@ -206,18 +207,18 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
-        sendMdnsPacket(packet, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+        sendMdnsPackets(packets, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    public void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         if (useSeparateSocketForUnicast) {
-            sendMdnsPacket(packet, unicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+            sendMdnsPackets(packets, unicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
         } else {
-            sendMdnsPacket(packet, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
+            sendMdnsPackets(packets, multicastPacketQueue, onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
         }
     }
 
@@ -238,17 +239,21 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private void sendMdnsPacket(DatagramPacket packet, Queue<DatagramPacket> packetQueueToUse,
-            boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+    private void sendMdnsPackets(List<DatagramPacket> packets,
+            Queue<DatagramPacket> packetQueueToUse, boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         if (shouldStopSocketLoop && !MdnsConfigs.allowAddMdnsPacketAfterDiscoveryStops()) {
             sharedLog.w("sendMdnsPacket() is called after discovery already stopped");
             return;
         }
+        if (packets.isEmpty()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "No mDns packets to send");
+            return;
+        }
 
-        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet4Address;
-        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
-                instanceof Inet6Address;
+        final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
+        final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packets.get(0).getSocketAddress())
+                .getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address;
         final boolean ipv6Only = multicastSocket != null && multicastSocket.isOnIPv6OnlyNetwork();
         if (isIpv4 && ipv6Only) {
             return;
@@ -258,10 +263,11 @@
         }
 
         synchronized (packetQueueToUse) {
-            while (packetQueueToUse.size() >= MdnsConfigs.mdnsPacketQueueMaxSize()) {
+            while ((packetQueueToUse.size() + packets.size())
+                    > MdnsConfigs.mdnsPacketQueueMaxSize()) {
                 packetQueueToUse.remove();
             }
-            packetQueueToUse.add(packet);
+            packetQueueToUse.addAll(packets);
         }
         triggerSendThread();
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
index b6000f0..b1a543a 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientBase.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * Base class for multicast socket client.
@@ -40,15 +41,15 @@
     void setCallback(@Nullable Callback callback);
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given network that asks for multicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given network that asks for multicast response.
      */
-    void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    void sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
 
     /**
-     * Send a mDNS request packet via given network that asks for unicast response.
+     * Send mDNS request packets via given network that asks for unicast response.
      */
-    void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet,
+    void sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(@NonNull List<DatagramPacket> packets,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks);
 
     /*** Notify that the given network is requested for mdns discovery / resolution */
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
index cab29e3..21cf351 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
 import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
@@ -45,7 +46,6 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PerUidCounter;
 
-import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 /**
@@ -78,11 +78,8 @@
     // Sequence number of DataUsageRequests
     private final AtomicInteger mNextDataUsageRequestId = new AtomicInteger();
 
-    private final Handler mHandler;
-
-    NetworkStatsObservers(@NonNull Looper looper) {
-        mHandler = new Handler(Objects.requireNonNull(looper), mHandlerCallback);
-    }
+    // Lazily instantiated when an observer is registered.
+    private volatile Handler mHandler;
 
     /**
      * Creates a wrapper that contains the caller context and a normalized request.
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@
         if (LOG) Log.d(TAG, "Registering observer for " + requestInfo);
         mDataUsageRequestsPerUid.incrementCountOrThrow(callingUid);
 
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_REGISTER, requestInfo));
+        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_REGISTER, requestInfo));
         return request;
     }
 
@@ -113,7 +110,7 @@
      * <p>It will unregister the observer asynchronously, so it is safe to call from any thread.
      */
     public void unregister(DataUsageRequest request, int callingUid) {
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UNREGISTER, callingUid, 0 /* ignore */,
+        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UNREGISTER, callingUid, 0 /* ignore */,
                 request));
     }
 
@@ -128,10 +125,34 @@
                 long currentTime) {
         StatsContext statsContext = new StatsContext(xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, activeIfaces,
                 activeUidIfaces, currentTime);
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UPDATE_STATS, statsContext));
+        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UPDATE_STATS, statsContext));
     }
 
-    private final Handler.Callback mHandlerCallback = new Handler.Callback() {
+    private Handler getHandler() {
+        if (mHandler == null) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (mHandler == null) {
+                    if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "Creating handler");
+                    mHandler = new Handler(getHandlerLooperLocked(), mHandlerCallback);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return mHandler;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
+        // TODO: Currently, callbacks are dispatched on this thread if the caller register
+        //  callback without supplying a Handler. To ensure that the service handler thread
+        //  is not blocked by client code, the observers must create their own thread. Once
+        //  all callbacks are dispatched outside of the handler thread, the service handler
+        //  thread can be used here.
+        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        handlerThread.start();
+        return handlerThread.getLooper();
+    }
+
+    private Handler.Callback mHandlerCallback = new Handler.Callback() {
         @Override
         public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
             switch (msg.what) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 64b17eb..5e98ee1 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
                 INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)),
                 alarmManager, wakeLock, getDefaultClock(),
                 new DefaultNetworkStatsSettings(), new NetworkStatsFactory(context),
-                new Dependencies());
+                new NetworkStatsObservers(), new Dependencies());
 
         return service;
     }
@@ -603,7 +603,8 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     NetworkStatsService(Context context, INetd netd, AlarmManager alarmManager,
             PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock, Clock clock, NetworkStatsSettings settings,
-            NetworkStatsFactory factory, @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+            NetworkStatsFactory factory, NetworkStatsObservers statsObservers,
+            @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
         mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
         mNetd = Objects.requireNonNull(netd, "missing Netd");
         mAlarmManager = Objects.requireNonNull(alarmManager, "missing AlarmManager");
@@ -611,6 +612,7 @@
         mSettings = Objects.requireNonNull(settings, "missing NetworkStatsSettings");
         mWakeLock = Objects.requireNonNull(wakeLock, "missing WakeLock");
         mStatsFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "missing factory");
+        mStatsObservers = Objects.requireNonNull(statsObservers, "missing NetworkStatsObservers");
         mDeps = Objects.requireNonNull(deps, "missing Dependencies");
         mStatsDir = mDeps.getOrCreateStatsDir();
         if (!mStatsDir.exists()) {
@@ -620,7 +622,6 @@
         final HandlerThread handlerThread = mDeps.makeHandlerThread();
         handlerThread.start();
         mHandler = new NetworkStatsHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
-        mStatsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers(handlerThread.getLooper());
         mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor = deps.makeSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext,
                 (command) -> mHandler.post(command) , this);
         mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
@@ -1778,6 +1779,8 @@
             if (transport == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
                 ifaceSet = mAllWifiIfacesSinceBoot;
             } else if (transport == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) {
+                // Since satellite networks appear under type mobile, this includes both cellular
+                // and satellite active interfaces
                 ifaceSet = mAllMobileIfacesSinceBoot;
             } else {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid transport " + transport);
@@ -2187,7 +2190,9 @@
         for (NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot : snapshots) {
             final int displayTransport =
                     getDisplayTransport(snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().getTransportTypes());
-            final boolean isMobile = (NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR == displayTransport);
+            // Consider satellite transport to support satellite stats appear as type_mobile
+            final boolean isMobile = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR == displayTransport
+                    || NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE == displayTransport;
             final boolean isWifi = (NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI == displayTransport);
             final boolean isDefault = CollectionUtils.contains(
                     mDefaultNetworks, snapshot.getNetwork());
@@ -2320,12 +2325,14 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * For networks with {@code TRANSPORT_CELLULAR}, get ratType that was obtained through
-     * {@link PhoneStateListener}. Otherwise, return 0 given that other networks with different
-     * transport types do not actually fill this value.
+     * For networks with {@code TRANSPORT_CELLULAR} Or {@code TRANSPORT_SATELLITE}, get ratType
+     * that was obtained through {@link PhoneStateListener}. Otherwise, return 0 given that other
+     * networks with different transport types do not actually fill this value.
      */
     private int getRatTypeForStateSnapshot(@NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot state) {
-        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                && !state.getNetworkCapabilities()
+                .hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)) {
             return 0;
         }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessController.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessController.java
index b53abce..2cdc932 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessController.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessController.java
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.app.role.OnRoleHoldersChangedListener;
 import android.app.role.RoleManager;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -49,7 +52,6 @@
     private final Context mContext;
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
     private final DefaultMessageRoleListener mDefaultMessageRoleListener;
-    private final UserManager mUserManager;
     private final Consumer<Set<Integer>> mCallback;
     private final Handler mConnectivityServiceHandler;
 
@@ -114,7 +116,6 @@
             @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceInternalHandler) {
         mContext = c;
         mDeps = deps;
-        mUserManager = mContext.getSystemService(UserManager.class);
         mDefaultMessageRoleListener = new DefaultMessageRoleListener();
         mCallback = callback;
         mConnectivityServiceHandler = connectivityServiceInternalHandler;
@@ -165,9 +166,6 @@
     }
 
     // on Role sms change triggered by OnRoleHoldersChangedListener()
-    // TODO(b/326373613): using UserLifecycleListener, callback to be received when user removed for
-    // user delete scenario. This to be used to update uid list and ML Layer request can also be
-    // updated.
     private void onRoleSmsChanged(@NonNull UserHandle userHandle) {
         int userId = userHandle.getIdentifier();
         if (userId == Process.INVALID_UID) {
@@ -184,9 +182,8 @@
                 mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.get(userId, new ArraySet<>());
 
         Log.i(TAG, "currentUser : role_sms_packages: " + userId + " : " + packageNames);
-        final Set<Integer> newUidsForUser = !packageNames.isEmpty()
-                ? updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidListCache(packageNames, userHandle)
-                : new ArraySet<>();
+        final Set<Integer> newUidsForUser =
+                updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidListCache(packageNames, userHandle);
         Log.i(TAG, "satellite_fallback_uid: " + newUidsForUser);
 
         // on Role change, update the multilayer request at ConnectivityService with updated
@@ -197,6 +194,11 @@
 
         mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.put(userId, newUidsForUser);
 
+        // Update all users fallback cache for user, send cs fallback to update ML request
+        reportSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids();
+    }
+
+    private void reportSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids() {
         // Merge all uids of multiple users available
         Set<Integer> mergedSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache = new ArraySet<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.size(); i++) {
@@ -210,27 +212,48 @@
         mCallback.accept(mergedSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache);
     }
 
-    private List<String> getRoleSmsChangedPackageName(UserHandle userHandle) {
-        try {
-            return mDeps.getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, userHandle);
-        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-            Log.wtf(TAG, "Could not get package name at role sms change update due to: " + e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Register OnRoleHoldersChangedListener */
     public void start() {
         mConnectivityServiceHandler.post(this::updateAllUserRoleSmsUids);
+
+        // register sms OnRoleHoldersChangedListener
         mDefaultMessageRoleListener.register();
+
+        // Monitor for User removal intent, to update satellite fallback uids.
+        IntentFilter userRemovedFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                final String action = intent.getAction();
+                if (Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED.equals(action)) {
+                    final UserHandle userHandle = intent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER);
+                    if (userHandle == null) return;
+                    updateSatelliteFallbackUidListOnUserRemoval(userHandle.getIdentifier());
+                } else {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + action);
+                }
+            }
+        }, userRemovedFilter, null, mConnectivityServiceHandler);
+
     }
 
     private void updateAllUserRoleSmsUids() {
-        List<UserHandle> existingUsers = mUserManager.getUserHandles(true /* excludeDying */);
+        UserManager userManager = mContext.getSystemService(UserManager.class);
+        // get existing user handles of available users
+        List<UserHandle> existingUsers = userManager.getUserHandles(true /*excludeDying*/);
+
         // Iterate through the user handles and obtain their uids with role sms and satellite
         // communication permission
+        Log.i(TAG, "existing users: " + existingUsers);
         for (UserHandle userHandle : existingUsers) {
             onRoleSmsChanged(userHandle);
         }
     }
+
+    private void updateSatelliteFallbackUidListOnUserRemoval(int userIdRemoved) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "user id removed:" + userIdRemoved);
+        if (mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.contains(userIdRemoved)) {
+            mAllUsersSatelliteNetworkFallbackUidCache.remove(userIdRemoved);
+            reportSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java
index 5b7cbb8..0426ace 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 
@@ -203,6 +204,29 @@
                 () -> getTetheringModuleVersion(context));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check whether or not one specific experimental feature for a particular namespace from
+     * {@link DeviceConfig} is enabled by comparing module package version
+     * with current version of property. If this property version is valid, the corresponding
+     * experimental feature would be enabled, otherwise disabled.
+     *
+     * This is useful to ensure that if a module install is rolled back, flags are not left fully
+     * rolled out on a version where they have not been well tested.
+     *
+     * If the feature is disabled by default and enabled by flag push, this method should be used.
+     * If the feature is enabled by default and disabled by flag push (kill switch),
+     * {@link #isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureNotChickenedOut(Context, String)} should be used.
+     *
+     * @param context The global context information about an app environment.
+     * @param name The name of the property to look up.
+     * @return true if this feature is enabled, or false if disabled.
+     */
+    public static boolean isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull String name) {
+        return isFeatureEnabled(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, name, false /* defaultEnabled */,
+                () -> getPackageVersion(context));
+    }
+
     private static boolean isFeatureEnabled(@NonNull String namespace,
             String name, boolean defaultEnabled, Supplier<Long> packageVersionSupplier) {
         final int flagValue = getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(namespace, name, 0 /* default value */);
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java
index defc88a..4f58380 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NdOption.java
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@
             case StructNdOptRdnss.TYPE:
                 return StructNdOptRdnss.parse(buf);
 
+            case StructNdOptPio.TYPE:
+                return StructNdOptPio.parse(buf);
+
             default:
                 int newPosition = Math.min(buf.limit(), buf.position() + length * 8);
                 buf.position(newPosition);
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPio.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPio.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65541eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPio.java
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+
+import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * The Prefix Information Option. RFC 4861.
+ *
+ * 0                   1                   2                   3
+ * 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |     Type      |    Length     | Prefix Length |L|A|R|P| Rsvd1 |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                         Valid Lifetime                        |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                       Preferred Lifetime                      |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                           Reserved2                           |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +                                                               +
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +                            Prefix                             +
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +                                                               +
+ * |                                                               |
+ * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ */
+public class StructNdOptPio extends NdOption {
+    private static final String TAG = StructNdOptPio.class.getSimpleName();
+    public static final int TYPE = 3;
+    public static final byte LENGTH = 4; // Length in 8-byte units
+
+    public final byte flags;
+    public final long preferred;
+    public final long valid;
+    @NonNull
+    public final IpPrefix prefix;
+
+    public StructNdOptPio(byte flags, long preferred, long valid, @NonNull final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        super((byte) TYPE, LENGTH);
+        this.prefix = Objects.requireNonNull(prefix, "prefix must not be null");
+        this.flags = flags;
+        this.preferred = preferred;
+        this.valid = valid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a PrefixInformation option from a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     *
+     * @param buf The buffer from which to parse the option. The buffer's byte order must be
+     *            {@link java.nio.ByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN}.
+     * @return the parsed option, or {@code null} if the option could not be parsed successfully.
+     */
+    public static StructNdOptPio parse(@NonNull ByteBuffer buf) {
+        if (buf == null || buf.remaining() < LENGTH * 8) return null;
+        try {
+            final PrefixInformationOption pio = Struct.parse(PrefixInformationOption.class, buf);
+            if (pio.type != TYPE) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid type " + pio.type);
+            }
+            if (pio.length != LENGTH) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid length " + pio.length);
+            }
+            return new StructNdOptPio(pio.flags, pio.preferredLifetime, pio.validLifetime,
+                    pio.getIpPrefix());
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | BufferUnderflowException e) {
+            // Not great, but better than throwing an exception that might crash the caller.
+            // Convention in this package is that null indicates that the option was truncated
+            // or malformed, so callers must already handle it.
+            Log.d(TAG, "Invalid PIO option: " + e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void writeToByteBuffer(ByteBuffer buf) {
+        buf.put(PrefixInformationOption.build(prefix, flags, valid, preferred));
+    }
+
+    /** Outputs the wire format of the option to a new big-endian ByteBuffer. */
+    public ByteBuffer toByteBuffer() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(Struct.getSize(PrefixInformationOption.class));
+        writeToByteBuffer(buf);
+        buf.flip();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @NonNull
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("NdOptPio(flags:%s, preferred lft:%s, valid lft:%s, prefix:%s)",
+                HexDump.toHexString(flags), preferred, valid, prefix);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java
index 0fc85e4..bbbe571 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/structs/PrefixInformationOption.java
@@ -24,9 +24,13 @@
 import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Computed;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
 
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 
@@ -72,6 +76,9 @@
     @Field(order = 7, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
     public final byte[] prefix;
 
+    @Computed
+    private final IpPrefix mIpPrefix;
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     public PrefixInformationOption(final byte type, final byte length, final byte prefixLen,
             final byte flags, final long validLifetime, final long preferredLifetime,
@@ -84,6 +91,23 @@
         this.preferredLifetime = preferredLifetime;
         this.reserved = reserved;
         this.prefix = prefix;
+
+        try {
+            final Inet6Address addr = (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(prefix);
+            mIpPrefix = new IpPrefix(addr, prefixLen);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException | ClassCastException e) {
+            // UnknownHostException should never happen unless prefix is null.
+            // ClassCastException can occur when prefix is an IPv6 mapped IPv4 address.
+            // Both scenarios should throw an exception in the context of Struct#parse().
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the prefix {@link IpPrefix} included in the PIO.
+     */
+    public IpPrefix getIpPrefix() {
+        return mIpPrefix;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java
index 54ce01e..fa07885 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_USB;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
@@ -75,8 +76,8 @@
         TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH,
         TRANSPORT_WIFI,
         TRANSPORT_ETHERNET,
-        TRANSPORT_USB
-
+        TRANSPORT_USB,
+        TRANSPORT_SATELLITE
         // Notably, TRANSPORT_TEST is not in this list as any network that has TRANSPORT_TEST and
         // one of the above transports should be counted as that transport, to keep tests as
         // realistic as possible.
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java
index f32337d..9fb61d9 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtilsTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 
@@ -233,8 +234,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
+                NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
     }
     @Test
     public void testIsFeatureEnabledFeatureDefaultDisabled() throws Exception {
@@ -242,8 +247,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the flag is unset, package info is not queried
         verify(mContext, never()).getPackageManager();
@@ -257,8 +266,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the feature is force enabled, package info is not queried
         verify(mContext, never()).getPackageManager();
@@ -272,8 +285,12 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("-1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("-1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the feature is force disabled, package info is not queried
         verify(mContext, never()).getPackageManager();
@@ -290,24 +307,36 @@
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("1").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // Feature should be disabled by flag value "999999999".
         doReturn("999999999").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("999999999").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("999999999").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         // If the flag is not set feature is disabled
         doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn(null).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -320,9 +349,13 @@
                 NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         doReturn("0").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
                 NAMESPACE_TETHERING, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        doReturn("0").when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
+                NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isNetworkStackFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
         assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertFalse(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
 
         doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
@@ -343,6 +376,21 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testIsCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabledCaching() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(
+                NAMESPACE_CAPTIVEPORTALLOGIN, TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isCaptivePortalLoginFeatureEnabled(mContext,
+                TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
+
+        // Package info is only queried once
+        verify(mContext, times(1)).getPackageManager();
+        verify(mContext, times(1)).getPackageName();
+        verify(mPm, times(1)).getPackageInfo(anyString(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testIsTetheringFeatureEnabledCaching() throws Exception {
         doReturn(TEST_FLAG_VALUE_STRING).when(() -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                 TEST_EXPERIMENT_FLAG));
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPioTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPioTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d88829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNdOptPioTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.INFINITE_LEASE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+
+import libcore.util.HexEncoding;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StructNdOptPioTest {
+    private static final IpPrefix TEST_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2a00:79e1:abc:f605::/64");
+    private static final byte TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_UNSET = (byte) 0xC0; // L=1,A=1
+    private static final byte TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET   = (byte) 0xD0; // L=1,A=1,P=1
+    private static final String PIO_BYTES =
+            "0304"                                // type=3, length=4
+            + "40"                                // prefix length=64
+            + "C0"                                // L=1,A=1
+            + "00278D00"                          // valid=259200
+            + "00093A80"                          // preferred=604800
+            + "00000000"                          // Reserved2
+            + "2A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"; // prefix=2a00:79e1:abc:f605::
+
+    private static final String PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_BYTES =
+            "0304"                                // type=3, length=4
+            + "40"                                // prefix length=64
+            + "D0"                                // L=1,A=1,P=1
+            + "00278D00"                          // valid=2592000
+            + "00093A80"                          // preferred=604800
+            + "00000000"                          // Reserved2
+            + "2A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"; // prefix=2a00:79e1:abc:f605::
+
+    private static final String PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_INFINITY_LIFETIME_BYTES =
+            "0304"                                // type=3, length=4
+            + "40"                                // prefix length=64
+            + "D0"                                // L=1,A=1,P=1
+            + "FFFFFFFF"                          // valid=infinity
+            + "FFFFFFFF"                          // preferred=infintiy
+            + "00000000"                          // Reserved2
+            + "2A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"; // prefix=2a00:79e1:abc:f605::
+
+    private static void assertPioOptMatches(final StructNdOptPio opt, int length, byte flags,
+            long preferred, long valid, final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        assertEquals(StructNdOptPio.TYPE, opt.type);
+        assertEquals(length, opt.length);
+        assertEquals(flags, opt.flags);
+        assertEquals(preferred, opt.preferred);
+        assertEquals(valid, opt.valid);
+        assertEquals(prefix, opt.prefix);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertToByteBufferMatches(final StructNdOptPio opt, final String expected) {
+        String actual = HexEncoding.encodeToString(opt.toByteBuffer().array());
+        assertEquals(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    private static void doPioParsingTest(final String optionHexString, int length, byte flags,
+            long preferred, long valid, final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        final byte[] rawBytes = HexEncoding.decode(optionHexString);
+        final StructNdOptPio opt = StructNdOptPio.parse(ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBytes));
+        assertPioOptMatches(opt, length, flags, preferred, valid, prefix);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(opt, optionHexString);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsingPioWithoutPFlag() {
+        doPioParsingTest(PIO_BYTES, 4 /* length */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_UNSET,
+                604800 /* preferred */, 2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsingPioWithPFlag() {
+        doPioParsingTest(PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_BYTES, 4 /* length */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                604800 /* preferred */, 2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsingPioWithPFlag_infinityLifetime() {
+        doPioParsingTest(PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_INFINITY_LIFETIME_BYTES, 4 /* length */,
+                TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* preferred */,
+                Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* valid */,
+                TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToByteBuffer() {
+        final StructNdOptPio pio =
+                new StructNdOptPio(TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_UNSET, 604800 /* preferred */,
+                        2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(pio, PIO_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToByteBuffer_withPFlag() {
+        final StructNdOptPio pio =
+                new StructNdOptPio(TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET, 604800 /* preferred */,
+                        2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(pio, PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToByteBuffer_infinityLifetime() {
+        final StructNdOptPio pio =
+                new StructNdOptPio(TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                        Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* preferred */,
+                        Integer.toUnsignedLong(INFINITE_LEASE) /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertToByteBufferMatches(pio, PIO_WITH_P_FLAG_INFINITY_LIFETIME_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private static ByteBuffer makePioOption(byte type, byte length, byte prefixLen, byte flags,
+            long valid, long preferred, final byte[] prefix) {
+        final PrefixInformationOption pio = new PrefixInformationOption(type, length, prefixLen,
+                flags, valid, preferred, 0 /* reserved */, prefix);
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(pio.writeToBytes(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_invalidOptionType() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 24 /* wrong type:RIO */,
+                (byte) 4 /* length */, (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        assertNull(StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_invalidOptionLength() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 24 /* wrong type:RIO */,
+                (byte) 3 /* wrong length */, (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */,
+                TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET, 2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */,
+                TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        assertNull(StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_truncatedByteBuffer() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 3 /* type */, (byte) 4 /* length */,
+                (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        final int len = buf.limit();
+        for (int i = 0; i < buf.limit() - 1; i++) {
+            buf.flip();
+            buf.limit(i);
+            assertNull("Option truncated to " + i + " bytes, should have returned null",
+                    StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+        }
+        buf.flip();
+        buf.limit(len);
+
+        final StructNdOptPio opt = StructNdOptPio.parse(buf);
+        assertPioOptMatches(opt, (byte) 4 /* length */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                604800 /* preferred */, 2592000 /* valid */, TEST_PREFIX);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParsing_invalidByteBufferLength() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 3 /* type */, (byte) 4 /* length */,
+                (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        buf.limit(31); // less than 4 * 8
+        assertNull(StructNdOptPio.parse(buf));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = makePioOption((byte) 3 /* type */, (byte) 4 /* length */,
+                (byte) 64 /* prefixLen */, TEST_PIO_FLAGS_P_SET,
+                2592000 /* valid */, 604800 /* preferred */, TEST_PREFIX.getRawAddress());
+        final StructNdOptPio opt = StructNdOptPio.parse(buf);
+        final String expected = "NdOptPio"
+                + "(flags:D0, preferred lft:604800, valid lft:2592000,"
+                + " prefix:2a00:79e1:abc:f605::/64)";
+        assertEquals(expected, opt.toString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
index bca18f5..7ab73c2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
@@ -16,10 +16,14 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
@@ -34,17 +38,21 @@
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
 
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.util.Set;
+
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public class MultinetworkApiTest {
     @Rule
@@ -74,9 +82,8 @@
     private ContentResolver mCR;
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
     private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
-    private String mOldMode;
-    private String mOldDnsSpecifier;
     private Context mContext;
+    private Network mRequestedCellNetwork;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -86,9 +93,16 @@
         mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
     }
 
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        if (mCtsNetUtils.cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromCell();
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
-    public void testGetaddrinfo() throws ErrnoException {
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+    public void testGetaddrinfo() throws Exception {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             int errno = runGetaddrinfoCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
             if (errno != 0) {
                 throw new ErrnoException(
@@ -99,12 +113,12 @@
 
     @Test
     @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
-    public void testSetprocnetwork() throws ErrnoException {
+    public void testSetprocnetwork() throws Exception {
         // Hopefully no prior test in this process space has set a default network.
         assertNull(mCM.getProcessDefaultNetwork());
         assertEquals(0, NetworkUtils.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
 
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             mCM.setProcessDefaultNetwork(null);
             assertNull(mCM.getProcessDefaultNetwork());
 
@@ -123,7 +137,7 @@
             mCM.setProcessDefaultNetwork(null);
         }
 
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetwork(0);
             assertNull(mCM.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
 
@@ -143,8 +157,8 @@
 
     @Test
     @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
-    public void testSetsocknetwork() throws ErrnoException {
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+    public void testSetsocknetwork() throws Exception {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             int errno = runSetsocknetwork(network.getNetworkHandle());
             if (errno != 0) {
                 throw new ErrnoException(
@@ -154,8 +168,8 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNativeDatagramTransmission() throws ErrnoException {
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+    public void testNativeDatagramTransmission() throws Exception {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             int errno = runDatagramCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
             if (errno != 0) {
                 throw new ErrnoException(
@@ -165,7 +179,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNoSuchNetwork() {
+    public void testNoSuchNetwork() throws Exception {
         final Network eNoNet = new Network(54321);
         assertNull(mCM.getNetworkInfo(eNoNet));
 
@@ -178,9 +192,9 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNetworkHandle() {
+    public void testNetworkHandle() throws Exception {
         // Test Network -> NetworkHandle -> Network results in the same Network.
-        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             long networkHandle = network.getNetworkHandle();
             Network newNetwork = Network.fromNetworkHandle(networkHandle);
             assertEquals(newNetwork, network);
@@ -203,9 +217,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testResNApi() throws Exception {
-        final Network[] testNetworks = mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks();
-
-        for (Network network : testNetworks) {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
             // Throws AssertionError directly in jni function if test fail.
             runResNqueryCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
             runResNsendCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
@@ -241,7 +253,7 @@
         // b/144521720
         try {
             mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
-            for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+            for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
               // Wait for private DNS setting to propagate.
               mCtsNetUtils.awaitPrivateDnsSetting("NxDomain test wait private DNS setting timeout",
                         network, GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER, true);
@@ -251,4 +263,44 @@
             mCtsNetUtils.restorePrivateDnsSetting();
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all testable Networks with internet capability.
+     */
+    private Set<Network> getTestableNetworks() throws InterruptedException {
+        // Obtain cell and Wi-Fi through CtsNetUtils (which uses NetworkCallbacks), as they may have
+        // just been reconnected by the test using NetworkCallbacks, so synchronous calls may not
+        // yet return them (synchronous calls and callbacks should not be mixed for a given
+        // Network).
+        final Set<Network> testableNetworks = new ArraySet<>();
+        if (mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)) {
+            if (!mCtsNetUtils.cellConnectAttempted()) {
+                mRequestedCellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            }
+            assertNotNull("Cell network requested but not obtained", mRequestedCellNetwork);
+            testableNetworks.add(mRequestedCellNetwork);
+        }
+
+        if (mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            testableNetworks.add(mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected());
+        }
+
+        // Obtain other networks through the synchronous API, if any.
+        for (Network network : mCtsNetUtils.getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            if (nc != null
+                    && !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    && !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+                testableNetworks.add(network);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // In practice this should not happen as getTestableNetworks throws if there is no network
+        // at all.
+        assertFalse("This device does not support WiFi nor cell data, and does not have any other "
+                        + "network connected. This test requires at least one internet-providing "
+                        + "network.",
+                testableNetworks.isEmpty());
+        return testableNetworks;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e00ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.server.ServiceManagerWrapper
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/** Integration tests for {@link ServiceManagerWrapper}. */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class ServiceManagerWrapperIntegrationTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testWaitForService_successFullyRetrievesConnectivityServiceBinder() {
+        assertNotNull(ServiceManagerWrapper.waitForService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessControllerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessControllerTest.kt
index 193078b..7885325 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessControllerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/SatelliteAccessControllerTest.kt
@@ -18,17 +18,22 @@
 import android.Manifest
 import android.app.role.OnRoleHoldersChangedListener
 import android.app.role.RoleManager
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
 import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.IntentFilter
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
-import android.content.pm.UserInfo
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.Looper
 import android.os.UserHandle
+import android.os.UserManager
 import android.util.ArraySet
-import com.android.server.makeMockUserManager
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor
+import java.util.function.Consumer
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -36,30 +41,32 @@
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor
-import java.util.function.Consumer
 
-private const val USER = 0
-val USER_INFO = UserInfo(USER, "" /* name */, UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY)
-val USER_HANDLE = UserHandle(USER)
 private const val PRIMARY_USER = 0
 private const val SECONDARY_USER = 10
 private val PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE = UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER)
 private val SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE = UserHandle.of(SECONDARY_USER)
+
 // sms app names
 private const val SMS_APP1 = "sms_app_1"
 private const val SMS_APP2 = "sms_app_2"
+
 // sms app ids
 private const val SMS_APP_ID1 = 100
 private const val SMS_APP_ID2 = 101
+
 // UID for app1 and app2 on primary user
 // These app could become default sms app for user1
 private val PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1 = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, SMS_APP_ID1)
 private val PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2 = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, SMS_APP_ID2)
+
 // UID for app1 and app2 on secondary user
 // These app could become default sms app for user2
 private val SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1 = UserHandle.getUid(SECONDARY_USER, SMS_APP_ID1)
@@ -69,154 +76,259 @@
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class SatelliteAccessControllerTest {
     private val context = mock(Context::class.java)
-    private val mPackageManager = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
-    private val mHandler = mock(Handler::class.java)
-    private val mRoleManager =
-        mock(SatelliteAccessController.Dependencies::class.java)
+    private val primaryUserContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val secondaryUserContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val mPackageManagerPrimaryUser = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
+    private val mPackageManagerSecondaryUser = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
+    private val mDeps = mock(SatelliteAccessController.Dependencies::class.java)
     private val mCallback = mock(Consumer::class.java) as Consumer<Set<Int>>
-    private val mSatelliteAccessController =
-        SatelliteAccessController(context, mRoleManager, mCallback, mHandler)
+    private val userManager = mock(UserManager::class.java)
+    private val mHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+    private var mSatelliteAccessController =
+        SatelliteAccessController(context, mDeps, mCallback, mHandler)
     private lateinit var mRoleHolderChangedListener: OnRoleHoldersChangedListener
+    private lateinit var mUserRemovedReceiver: BroadcastReceiver
+
+    private fun <T> mockService(name: String, clazz: Class<T>, service: T) {
+        doReturn(name).`when`(context).getSystemServiceName(clazz)
+        doReturn(service).`when`(context).getSystemService(name)
+        if (context.getSystemService(clazz) == null) {
+            // Test is using mockito-extended
+            doReturn(service).`when`(context).getSystemService(clazz)
+        }
+    }
+
     @Before
     @Throws(PackageManager.NameNotFoundException::class)
     fun setup() {
-        makeMockUserManager(USER_INFO, USER_HANDLE)
-        doReturn(context).`when`(context).createContextAsUser(any(), anyInt())
-        doReturn(mPackageManager).`when`(context).packageManager
+        doReturn(emptyList<UserHandle>()).`when`(userManager).getUserHandles(true)
+        mockService(Context.USER_SERVICE, UserManager::class.java, userManager)
 
-        doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
-            .`when`(mPackageManager)
-            .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, SMS_APP1)
-        doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
-            .`when`(mPackageManager)
-            .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, SMS_APP2)
+        doReturn(primaryUserContext).`when`(context).createContextAsUser(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, 0)
+        doReturn(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser).`when`(primaryUserContext).packageManager
 
-        // Initialise default message application primary user package1
+        doReturn(secondaryUserContext).`when`(context).createContextAsUser(SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE, 0)
+        doReturn(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser).`when`(secondaryUserContext).packageManager
+
+        for (app in listOf(SMS_APP1, SMS_APP2)) {
+            doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
+                .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
+                .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, app)
+            doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
+                .`when`(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser)
+                .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, app)
+        }
+
+        // Initialise message application primary user package1
         val applicationInfo1 = ApplicationInfo()
         applicationInfo1.uid = PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1
         doReturn(applicationInfo1)
-            .`when`(mPackageManager)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
             .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP1), anyInt())
 
-        // Initialise default message application primary user package2
+        // Initialise message application primary user package2
         val applicationInfo2 = ApplicationInfo()
         applicationInfo2.uid = PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2
         doReturn(applicationInfo2)
-            .`when`(mPackageManager)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
             .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP2), anyInt())
 
-        // Get registered listener using captor
-        val listenerCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(
-            OnRoleHoldersChangedListener::class.java
-        )
-        mSatelliteAccessController.start()
-        verify(mRoleManager).addOnRoleHoldersChangedListenerAsUser(
-            any(Executor::class.java), listenerCaptor.capture(), any(UserHandle::class.java))
-        mRoleHolderChangedListener = listenerCaptor.value
+        // Initialise message application secondary user package1
+        val applicationInfo3 = ApplicationInfo()
+        applicationInfo3.uid = SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1
+        doReturn(applicationInfo3)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser)
+            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP1), anyInt())
+
+        // Initialise message application secondary user package2
+        val applicationInfo4 = ApplicationInfo()
+        applicationInfo4.uid = SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2
+        doReturn(applicationInfo4)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerSecondaryUser)
+            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP2), anyInt())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_SatelliteFallbackUid_Changed_SingleUser() {
-        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
 
         // check DEFAULT_MESSAGING_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid
         doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
-            .`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
 
         // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network Fallback uid
-        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
 
         // check no uid is available as satellite network fallback uid
-        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(ArraySet())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_NoSatelliteCommunicationPermission() {
-        doReturn(listOf<Any>()).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        doReturn(listOf<Any>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
 
         // check DEFAULT_MESSAGING_APP1 is not available as satellite network fallback uid
         // since satellite communication permission not available.
         doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED)
-            .`when`(mPackageManager)
+            .`when`(mPackageManagerPrimaryUser)
             .checkPermission(Manifest.permission.SATELLITE_COMMUNICATION, SMS_APP1)
         doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
-            .`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_RoleSms_NotAvailable() {
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
         doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
-            .`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
-        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_BROWSER,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_BROWSER,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun test_onRoleHoldersChanged_SatelliteNetworkFallbackUid_Changed_multiUser() {
-        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback, never()).accept(any())
 
         // check SMS_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
         doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
-            .`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
 
         // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
-        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
 
         // check SMS_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
-        val applicationInfo1 = ApplicationInfo()
-        applicationInfo1.uid = SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1
-        doReturn(applicationInfo1).`when`(mPackageManager)
-            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP1), anyInt())
-        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1)).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2, SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
 
         // check no uid is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
-        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
-        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
 
         // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
-        applicationInfo1.uid = SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2
-        doReturn(applicationInfo1).`when`(mPackageManager)
-            .getApplicationInfo(eq(SMS_APP2), anyInt())
         doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2))
-            .`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
 
         // check no uid is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
-        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mRoleManager).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
-            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        doReturn(listOf<String>()).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
         mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
         verify(mCallback).accept(ArraySet())
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun test_SatelliteFallbackUidCallback_OnUserRemoval() {
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        // check SMS_APP2 is available as satellite network fallback uid at primary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP2)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
+
+        // check SMS_APP1 is available as satellite network fallback uid at secondary user
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1)).`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(
+            RoleManager.ROLE_SMS,
+            SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener.onRoleHoldersChanged(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        verify(mCallback).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2, SECONDARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+
+        val userRemovalIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED)
+        userRemovalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        mUserRemovedReceiver.onReceive(context, userRemovalIntent)
+        verify(mCallback, times(2)).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOnStartUpCallbackSatelliteFallbackUidWithExistingUsers() {
+        doReturn(
+            listOf(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        ).`when`(userManager).getUserHandles(true)
+        doReturn(listOf(SMS_APP1))
+            .`when`(mDeps).getRoleHoldersAsUser(RoleManager.ROLE_SMS, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)
+        // At start up, SatelliteAccessController must call CS callback with existing users'
+        // default messaging apps uids.
+        startSatelliteAccessController()
+        verify(mCallback, timeout(500)).accept(setOf(PRIMARY_USER_SMS_APP_UID1))
+    }
+
+    private fun startSatelliteAccessController() {
+        mSatelliteAccessController.start()
+        // Get registered listener using captor
+        val listenerCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(OnRoleHoldersChangedListener::class.java)
+        verify(mDeps).addOnRoleHoldersChangedListenerAsUser(
+            any(Executor::class.java),
+            listenerCaptor.capture(),
+            any(UserHandle::class.java)
+        )
+        mRoleHolderChangedListener = listenerCaptor.value
+
+        // Get registered receiver using captor
+        val userRemovedReceiverCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver::class.java)
+        verify(context).registerReceiver(
+            userRemovedReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+            any(IntentFilter::class.java),
+            isNull(),
+            any(Handler::class.java)
+        )
+         mUserRemovedReceiver = userRemovedReceiverCaptor.value
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
index 9474464..fb3d183 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@
         verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(tetherSocketKey2);
 
         // Send packet to IPv4 with mSocketKey and verify sending has been called.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@
         verify(tetherIfaceSock2, never()).send(any());
 
         // Send packet to IPv4 with onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = true, the packet will be sent.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 true /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, times(2)).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@
         verify(tetherIfaceSock2, never()).send(any());
 
         // Send packet to IPv6 with tetherSocketKey1 and verify sending has been called.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv6Packet, tetherSocketKey1,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv6Packet), tetherSocketKey1,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, never()).send(ipv6Packet);
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@
         // Send packet to IPv6 with onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks = true, the packet will not be
         // sent. Therefore, the tetherIfaceSock1.send() and tetherIfaceSock2.send() are still be
         // called once.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv6Packet, tetherSocketKey1,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv6Packet), tetherSocketKey1,
                 true /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, never()).send(ipv6Packet);
@@ -266,7 +269,7 @@
         verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(socketKey3);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet on the mSocketKey and verify sending has been called.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@
         verify(socketCreationCb2).onSocketCreated(socketKey3);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet on socket2 and verify sending to the socket2 only.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, socketKey2,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), socketKey2,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         // ipv4Packet still sent only once on mSocket: times(1) matches the packet sent earlier on
@@ -309,7 +312,7 @@
         verify(mProvider, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)).unrequestSocket(callback2);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet again and verify it's still sent a second time
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, socketKey2,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), socketKey2,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(socket2, times(2)).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -320,7 +323,7 @@
         verify(mProvider, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)).unrequestSocket(callback);
 
         // Send IPv4 packet and verify no more sending.
-        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(ipv4Packet, mSocketKey,
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(ipv4Packet), mSocketKey,
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
         verify(mSocket, times(1)).send(ipv4Packet);
@@ -407,4 +410,31 @@
         verify(creationCallback3).onSocketDestroyed(mSocketKey);
         verify(creationCallback3, never()).onSocketDestroyed(socketKey2);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendPacketWithMultipleDatagramPacket() throws IOException {
+        final SocketCallback callback = expectSocketCallback();
+        final List<DatagramPacket> packets = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            packets.add(new DatagramPacket(new byte[10 + i] /* buff */, 0 /* offset */,
+                    10 + i /* length */, MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR));
+        }
+        doReturn(true).when(mSocket).hasJoinedIpv4();
+        doReturn(true).when(mSocket).hasJoinedIpv6();
+        doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).when(mSocket).getInterface();
+
+        // Notify socket created
+        callback.onSocketCreated(mSocketKey, mSocket, List.of());
+        verify(mSocketCreationCallback).onSocketCreated(mSocketKey);
+
+        // Send packets to IPv4 with mSocketKey then verify sending has been called and the
+        // sequence is correct.
+        mSocketClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packets, mSocketKey,
+                false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mSocket);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            inOrder.verify(mSocket).send(packets.get(i));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
index 2eb9440..44fa55c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
@@ -162,59 +162,59 @@
             expectedIPv6Packets[i] = new DatagramPacket(buf, 0 /* offset */, 5 /* length */,
                     MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT);
         }
-        when(mockDeps.getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), eq(IPV4_ADDRESS)))
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[0])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[1])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[2])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[3])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[4])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[5])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[6])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[7])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[8])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[9])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[10])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[11])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[12])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[13])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[14])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[15])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[16])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[17])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[18])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[19])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[20])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[21])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[22])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv4Packets[23]);
+        when(mockDeps.getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), eq(IPV4_ADDRESS), anyBoolean()))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[0]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[1]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[2]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[3]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[4]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[5]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[6]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[7]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[8]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[9]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[10]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[11]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[12]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[13]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[14]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[15]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[16]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[17]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[18]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[19]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[20]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[21]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[22]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv4Packets[23]));
 
-        when(mockDeps.getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), eq(IPV6_ADDRESS)))
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[0])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[1])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[2])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[3])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[4])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[5])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[6])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[7])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[8])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[9])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[10])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[11])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[12])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[13])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[14])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[15])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[16])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[17])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[18])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[19])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[20])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[21])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[22])
-                .thenReturn(expectedIPv6Packets[23]);
+        when(mockDeps.getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), eq(IPV6_ADDRESS), anyBoolean()))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[0]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[1]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[2]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[3]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[4]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[5]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[6]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[7]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[8]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[9]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[10]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[11]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[12]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[13]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[14]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[15]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[16]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[17]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[18]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[19]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[20]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[21]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[22]))
+                .thenReturn(List.of(expectedIPv6Packets[23]));
 
         thread = new HandlerThread("MdnsServiceTypeClientTests");
         thread.start();
@@ -694,23 +694,23 @@
                 .addSubtype("subtype1").build();
         final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions2 = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                 .addSubtype("subtype2").build();
-        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class));
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions1);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
 
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient, mockDeps);
 
         // Verify the query asks for subtype1
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> subtype1QueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> subtype1QueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
                 subtype1QueryCaptor.capture(),
                 eq(socketKey), eq(false));
 
         final MdnsPacket subtype1Query = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(subtype1QueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(subtype1QueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
 
         assertEquals(2, subtype1Query.questions.size());
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(subtype1Query, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
@@ -722,8 +722,8 @@
         inOrder.verify(mockDeps).removeMessages(any(), eq(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK));
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
 
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
                 combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor.capture(),
                 eq(socketKey), eq(false));
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@
         inOrder.verify(mockDeps).sendMessageDelayed(any(), any(), anyLong());
 
         final MdnsPacket combinedSubtypesQuery = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(combinedSubtypesQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
 
         assertEquals(3, combinedSubtypesQuery.questions.size());
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(combinedSubtypesQuery, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
@@ -747,15 +747,15 @@
         dispatchMessage();
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
 
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> subtype2QueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> subtype2QueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
                 subtype2QueryCaptor.capture(),
                 eq(socketKey), eq(false));
 
         final MdnsPacket subtype2Query = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(subtype2QueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(subtype2QueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
 
         assertEquals(2, subtype2Query.questions.size());
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(subtype2Query, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
@@ -1201,8 +1201,8 @@
         final MdnsSearchOptions resolveOptions2 = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                 .setResolveInstanceName(instanceName).build();
 
-        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class));
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
 
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, resolveOptions1);
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerTwo, resolveOptions2);
@@ -1210,8 +1210,8 @@
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
 
         // Verify a query for SRV/TXT was sent, but no PTR query
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
@@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@
         verify(mockListenerTwo).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
 
         final MdnsPacket srvTxtQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
 
         final String[] serviceName = getTestServiceName(instanceName);
         assertEquals(1, srvTxtQueryPacket.questions.size());
@@ -1255,8 +1255,8 @@
 
         // Expect a query for A/AAAA
         dispatchMessage();
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> addressQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> addressQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
                 addressQueryCaptor.capture(),
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@
         verify(mockListenerTwo, times(2)).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
 
         final MdnsPacket addressQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(addressQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(addressQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
         assertEquals(2, addressQueryPacket.questions.size());
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(addressQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_A, hostname));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(addressQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_AAAA, hostname));
@@ -1316,15 +1316,15 @@
         final MdnsSearchOptions resolveOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                 .setResolveInstanceName(instanceName).build();
 
-        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class));
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
 
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, resolveOptions);
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
 
         // Get the query for SRV/TXT
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> srvTxtQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@
         assertNotNull(delayMessage);
 
         final MdnsPacket srvTxtQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(srvTxtQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
 
         final String[] serviceName = getTestServiceName(instanceName);
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(srvTxtQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_ANY, serviceName));
@@ -1378,8 +1378,8 @@
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
 
         // Expect a renewal query
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> renewalQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> renewalQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         // Second and later sends are sent as "expect multicast response" queries
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
                 renewalQueryCaptor.capture(),
@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@
         assertNotNull(delayMessage);
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onDiscoveryQuerySent(any(), anyInt());
         final MdnsPacket renewalPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(renewalQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(renewalQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(renewalPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_ANY, serviceName));
         inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
 
@@ -1937,14 +1937,14 @@
                 serviceCache,
                 MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(true).build());
 
-        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class));
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
 
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, MdnsSearchOptions.getDefaultOptions());
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
 
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> queryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> queryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
@@ -1953,7 +1953,7 @@
         assertNotNull(delayMessage);
 
         final MdnsPacket queryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(queryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(queryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(queryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR));
 
         // Process a response
@@ -1981,14 +1981,14 @@
 
         // Expect a query with known answers
         dispatchMessage();
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> knownAnswersQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> knownAnswersQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
                 knownAnswersQueryCaptor.capture(), eq(socketKey), eq(false));
 
         final MdnsPacket knownAnswersQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(knownAnswersQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(knownAnswersQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
         assertTrue(hasAnswer(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
         assertFalse(hasAnswer(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, subtypeLabels));
@@ -2001,16 +2001,16 @@
                 serviceCache,
                 MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(true).build());
 
-        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketFromMdnsPacket(
-                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class));
+        doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
+                any(), any(MdnsPacket.class), any(InetSocketAddress.class), anyBoolean());
 
         final MdnsSearchOptions options = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
                 .addSubtype("subtype").build();
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, options);
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerOne, mockSocketClient);
 
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> queryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> queryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         // Send twice for IPv4 and IPv6
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
@@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@
         assertNotNull(delayMessage);
 
         final MdnsPacket queryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(queryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(queryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
         final String[] subtypeLabels = Stream.concat(Stream.of("_subtype", "_sub"),
                 Arrays.stream(SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS)).toArray(String[]::new);
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(queryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
@@ -2048,14 +2048,14 @@
 
         // Expect a query with known answers
         dispatchMessage();
-        final ArgumentCaptor<DatagramPacket> knownAnswersQueryCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DatagramPacket.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<List<DatagramPacket>> knownAnswersQueryCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         inOrder.verify(mockSocketClient, times(2)).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
                 knownAnswersQueryCaptor.capture(), eq(socketKey), eq(false));
 
         final MdnsPacket knownAnswersQueryPacket = MdnsPacket.parse(
-                new MdnsPacketReader(knownAnswersQueryCaptor.getValue()));
+                new MdnsPacketReader(knownAnswersQueryCaptor.getValue().get(0)));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
         assertTrue(hasQuestion(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, subtypeLabels));
         assertTrue(hasAnswer(knownAnswersQueryPacket, MdnsRecord.TYPE_PTR, SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS));
@@ -2083,17 +2083,21 @@
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
         if (expectsUnicastResponse) {
             verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                    expectedIPv4Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                    argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv4Packets[index])),
+                    eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             if (multipleSocketDiscovery) {
                 verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(
-                        expectedIPv6Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                        argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv6Packets[index])),
+                        eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             }
         } else {
             verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                    expectedIPv4Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                    argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv4Packets[index])),
+                    eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             if (multipleSocketDiscovery) {
                 verify(mockSocketClient).sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(
-                        expectedIPv6Packets[index], socketKey, false);
+                        argThat(pkts -> pkts.get(0).equals(expectedIPv6Packets[index])),
+                        eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             }
         }
         verify(mockDeps, times(index + 1))
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
index 7ced1cb..1989ed3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
@@ -234,7 +238,7 @@
 
         // Sends a packet.
         DatagramPacket packet = getTestDatagramPacket();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         // mockMulticastSocket.send() will be called on another thread. If we verify it immediately,
         // it may not be called yet. So timeout is added.
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(0)).send(packet);
 
         // Verify the packet is sent by the unicast socket.
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         verify(mockMulticastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(1)).send(packet);
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(1)).send(packet);
@@ -287,7 +291,7 @@
 
         // Sends a packet.
         DatagramPacket packet = getTestDatagramPacket();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         // mockMulticastSocket.send() will be called on another thread. If we verify it immediately,
         // it may not be called yet. So timeout is added.
@@ -295,7 +299,7 @@
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(0)).send(packet);
 
         // Verify the packet is sent by the multicast socket as well.
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         verify(mockMulticastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(2)).send(packet);
         verify(mockUnicastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT).times(0)).send(packet);
@@ -354,7 +358,7 @@
     public void testStopDiscovery_queueIsCleared() throws IOException {
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         mdnsClient.stopDiscovery();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(getTestDatagramPacket(),
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(getTestDatagramPacket()),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
 
         synchronized (mdnsClient.multicastPacketQueue) {
@@ -366,7 +370,7 @@
     public void testSendPacket_afterDiscoveryStops() throws IOException {
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         mdnsClient.stopDiscovery();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(getTestDatagramPacket(),
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(getTestDatagramPacket()),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
 
         synchronized (mdnsClient.multicastPacketQueue) {
@@ -380,7 +384,7 @@
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.mdnsPacketQueueMaxSize.override(2L);
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-            mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(getTestDatagramPacket(),
+            mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(getTestDatagramPacket()),
                     false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         }
 
@@ -478,9 +482,9 @@
 
         mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
         DatagramPacket packet = getTestDatagramPacket();
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
 
         // Wait for the timer to be triggered.
@@ -511,9 +515,9 @@
         assertFalse(mdnsClient.receivedUnicastResponse);
         assertFalse(mdnsClient.cannotReceiveMulticastResponse.get());
 
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingUnicastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
-        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packet,
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(List.of(packet),
                 false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
         Thread.sleep(MdnsConfigs.checkMulticastResponseIntervalMs() * 2);
 
@@ -570,6 +574,26 @@
                 .onResponseReceived(any(), argThat(key -> key.getInterfaceIndex() == -1));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testSendPacketWithMultipleDatagramPacket() throws IOException {
+        mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
+        final List<DatagramPacket> packets = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            packets.add(new DatagramPacket(new byte[10 + i] /* buff */, 0 /* offset */,
+                    10 + i /* length */, MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR));
+        }
+
+        // Sends packets.
+        mdnsClient.sendPacketRequestingMulticastResponse(packets,
+                false /* onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks */);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockMulticastSocket);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            // mockMulticastSocket.send() will be called on another thread. If we verify it
+            // immediately, it may not be called yet. So timeout is added.
+            inOrder.verify(mockMulticastSocket, timeout(TIMEOUT)).send(packets.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
     private DatagramPacket getTestDatagramPacket() {
         return new DatagramPacket(buf, 0, 5,
                 new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), 5353 /* port */));
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
index b1a7233..009205e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
@@ -52,19 +52,27 @@
         assertEquals("ţést", toDnsLowerCase("ţést"))
         // Unicode characters 0x10000 (𐀀), 0x10001 (𐀁), 0x10041 (𐁁)
         // Note the last 2 bytes of 0x10041 are identical to 'A', but it should remain unchanged.
-        assertEquals("test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
-                toDnsLowerCase("Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- "))
+        assertEquals(
+            "test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
+                toDnsLowerCase("Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ")
+        )
         // Also test some characters where the first surrogate is not \ud800
-        assertEquals("test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
+        assertEquals(
+            "test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
                 "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<",
-                toDnsLowerCase("Test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
-                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"))
+                toDnsLowerCase(
+                    "Test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
+                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"
+                )
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testToDnsLabelsLowerCase() {
-        assertArrayEquals(arrayOf("test", "tÉst", "ţést"),
-            toDnsLabelsLowerCase(arrayOf("TeSt", "TÉST", "ţést")))
+        assertArrayEquals(
+            arrayOf("test", "tÉst", "ţést"),
+            toDnsLabelsLowerCase(arrayOf("TeSt", "TÉST", "ţést"))
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -76,13 +84,17 @@
         assertFalse(equalsIgnoreDnsCase("ŢÉST", "ţést"))
         // Unicode characters 0x10000 (𐀀), 0x10001 (𐀁), 0x10041 (𐁁)
         // Note the last 2 bytes of 0x10041 are identical to 'A', but it should remain unchanged.
-        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase("test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
-                "Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- "))
+        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+            "test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- ",
+                "Test: -->\ud800\udc00 \ud800\udc01 \ud800\udc41<-- "
+        ))
         // Also test some characters where the first surrogate is not \ud800
-        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase("test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
+        assertTrue(equalsIgnoreDnsCase(
+            "test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
                 "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<",
                 "Test: >\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40" +
-                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"))
+                        "\udc77\udb40\udc6c\udb40\udc73\udb40\udc7f<"
+        ))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -101,15 +113,22 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testTypeEqualsOrIsSubtype() {
-        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-            arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")))
-        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-            arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")))
-        assertFalse(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(arrayOf("_sub", "_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-                arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")))
+        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
+            arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
+            arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
+        assertTrue(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
+            arrayOf("_type", "_tcp", "local"),
+            arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
+        assertFalse(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
+            arrayOf("_sub", "_type", "_tcp", "local"),
+                arrayOf("_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
         assertFalse(MdnsUtils.typeEqualsOrIsSubtype(
                 arrayOf("a", "_other", "_type", "_tcp", "local"),
-                arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")))
+                arrayOf("a", "_SUB", "_type", "_TCP", "local")
+        ))
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
index 0bbc34c..e62ac74 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
@@ -126,7 +127,13 @@
 
         mObserverHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkStatsObserversTest");
         mObserverHandlerThread.start();
-        mStatsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers(mObserverHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        final Looper observerLooper = mObserverHandlerThread.getLooper();
+        mStatsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers() {
+            @Override
+            protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
+                return observerLooper;
+            }
+        };
 
         mActiveIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
         mActiveUidIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 3d7ad66..d4f5619 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.SimpleClock;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -292,6 +293,7 @@
     private String mCompareStatsResult = null;
     private @Mock Resources mResources;
     private Boolean mIsDebuggable;
+    private HandlerThread mObserverHandlerThread;
     final TestDependencies mDeps = new TestDependencies();
 
     private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
@@ -375,8 +377,21 @@
                 powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
 
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkStatsServiceTest-HandlerThread");
+        // Create a separate thread for observers to run on. This thread cannot be the same
+        // as the handler thread, because the observer callback is fired on this thread, and
+        // it should not be blocked by client code. Additionally, creating the observers
+        // object requires a looper, which can only be obtained after a thread has been started.
+        mObserverHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkStatsServiceTest-ObserversThread");
+        mObserverHandlerThread.start();
+        final Looper observerLooper = mObserverHandlerThread.getLooper();
+        final NetworkStatsObservers statsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers() {
+            @Override
+            protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
+                return observerLooper;
+            }
+        };
         mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetd, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
-                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, mDeps);
+                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, statsObservers, mDeps);
 
         mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
 
@@ -574,6 +589,10 @@
             mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
             mHandlerThread.join();
         }
+        if (mObserverHandlerThread != null) {
+            mObserverHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mObserverHandlerThread.join();
+        }
     }
 
     private void initWifiStats(NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot) throws Exception {
@@ -910,7 +929,16 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testMobileStatsByRatType() throws Exception {
+    public void testMobileStatsByRatTypeForSatellite() throws Exception {
+        doTestMobileStatsByRatType(new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildSatelliteMobileState(IMSI_1)});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileStatsByRatTypeForCellular() throws Exception {
+        doTestMobileStatsByRatType(new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildMobileState(IMSI_1)});
+    }
+
+    private void doTestMobileStatsByRatType(NetworkStateSnapshot[] states) throws Exception {
         final NetworkTemplate template3g = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE)
                 .setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
                 .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build();
@@ -920,8 +948,6 @@
         final NetworkTemplate template5g = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE)
                 .setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR)
                 .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build();
-        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
-                new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildMobileState(IMSI_1)};
 
         // 3G network comes online.
         mockNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
@@ -935,7 +961,7 @@
         incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
         mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
                 .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
-                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0L)));
+                         METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0L)));
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
 
         // Verify 3g templates gets stats.
@@ -950,7 +976,7 @@
         mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
                 // Append more traffic on existing 3g stats entry.
                 .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
-                         METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 16L, 22L, 17L, 2L, 0L))
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 16L, 22L, 17L, 2L, 0L))
                 // Add entry that is new on 4g.
                 .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
                         METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 33L, 27L, 8L, 10L, 1L)));
@@ -1352,6 +1378,57 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testGetUidStatsForTransportWithCellularAndSatellite() throws Exception {
+        // Setup satellite mobile network and Cellular mobile network
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot mobileState = buildStateOfTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, TYPE_MOBILE,
+                TEST_IFACE2, IMSI_1, null /* wifiNetworkKey */,
+                false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, false /* isRoaming */);
+
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{mobileState,
+                buildSatelliteMobileState(IMSI_1)};
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+
+        // mock traffic on satellite network
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entrySatellite = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 80L, 5L, 70L, 15L, 1L);
+
+        // mock traffic on cellular network
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entryCellular = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 100L, 15L, 150L, 15L, 1L);
+
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] emptyTetherStats = {};
+        // The interfaces that expect to be used to query the stats.
+        final String[] mobileIfaces = {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2};
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        mockDefaultSettings();
+        mockNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+                .insertEntry(entrySatellite).insertEntry(entryCellular), emptyTetherStats,
+                mobileIfaces);
+        // with getUidStatsForTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) return stats of both cellular
+        // and satellite
+        final NetworkStats mobileStats = mService.getUidStatsForTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+
+        // The iface field of the returned stats should be null because getUidStatsForTransport
+        // clears the interface field before it returns the result.
+        assertValues(mobileStats, null /* iface */, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, METERED_NO, 180L, 20L, 220L, 30L, 2L);
+
+        // getUidStatsForTransport(TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) is not supported
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mService.getUidStatsForTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testForegroundBackground() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         mockDefaultSettings();
@@ -2509,6 +2586,12 @@
                 false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, false /* isRoaming */);
     }
 
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildSatelliteMobileState(String subscriberId) {
+        return buildStateOfTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE, TYPE_MOBILE,
+                TEST_IFACE, subscriberId, null /* wifiNetworkKey */,
+                false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, false /* isRoaming */);
+    }
+
     private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildTestState(@NonNull String iface,
             @Nullable String wifiNetworkKey) {
         return buildStateOfTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST, TYPE_TEST,
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
index 0591c87..9a81388 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -864,11 +864,12 @@
     @Test
     public void meshcopService_threadDisabled_notDiscovered() throws Exception {
         setUpTestNetwork();
-
         CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo> serviceLostFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
         NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener =
                 discoverForServiceLost(MESHCOP_SERVICE_TYPE, serviceLostFuture);
+
         setEnabledAndWait(mController, false);
+
         try {
             serviceLostFuture.get(SERVICE_LOST_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS);
         } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException | TimeoutException ignored) {
@@ -877,7 +878,6 @@
         } finally {
             mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
         }
-
         assertThrows(
                 TimeoutException.class,
                 () -> discoverService(MESHCOP_SERVICE_TYPE, SERVICE_LOST_TIMEOUT_MILLIS));
@@ -1112,7 +1112,12 @@
                         serviceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo);
                     }
                 };
-        mNsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, listener);
+        mNsdManager.discoverServices(
+                serviceType,
+                NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                mTestNetworkTracker.getNetwork(),
+                mExecutor,
+                listener);
         try {
             serviceInfoFuture.get(timeoutMilliseconds, MILLISECONDS);
         } finally {
@@ -1131,7 +1136,12 @@
                         serviceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo);
                     }
                 };
-        mNsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, listener);
+        mNsdManager.discoverServices(
+                serviceType,
+                NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                mTestNetworkTracker.getNetwork(),
+                mExecutor,
+                listener);
         return listener;
     }
 
diff --git a/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/TapTestNetworkTracker.java b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/TapTestNetworkTracker.java
index 43f177d..b586a19 100644
--- a/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/TapTestNetworkTracker.java
+++ b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/TapTestNetworkTracker.java
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
     private final Looper mLooper;
     private TestNetworkInterface mInterface;
     private TestableNetworkAgent mAgent;
+    private Network mNetwork;
     private final TestableNetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;
     private final ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
 
@@ -91,6 +92,11 @@
         return mInterface.getInterfaceName();
     }
 
+    /** Returns the {@link android.net.Network} of the test network. */
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
     private void setUpTestNetwork() throws Exception {
         mInterface = mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class).createTapInterface();
 
@@ -105,13 +111,13 @@
                         newNetworkCapabilities(),
                         lp,
                         new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build());
-        final Network network = mAgent.register();
+        mNetwork = mAgent.register();
         mAgent.markConnected();
 
         PollingCheck.check(
                 "No usable address on interface",
                 TIMEOUT.toMillis(),
-                () -> hasUsableAddress(network, getInterfaceName()));
+                () -> hasUsableAddress(mNetwork, getInterfaceName()));
 
         lp.setLinkAddresses(makeLinkAddresses());
         mAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);