diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index 27836c1..d1d51da 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -232,12 +232,14 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.Network register();
     method public final void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
     method public final void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore);
     method public final void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from=0, to=99) int);
     method public final void sendQosCallbackError(int, int);
     method public final void sendQosSessionAvailable(int, int, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
     method public final void sendQosSessionLost(int, int, int);
     method public final void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int, int);
     method @Deprecated public void setLegacySubtype(int, @NonNull String);
+    method public void setLingerDuration(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
     method public void setTeardownDelayMillis(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
     method public final void setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
     method public void unregister();
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
index 26cb1ed..9a58add 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
@@ -42,4 +42,5 @@
     void sendQosSessionLost(int qosCallbackId, in QosSession session);
     void sendQosCallbackError(int qosCallbackId, int exceptionType);
     void sendTeardownDelayMs(int teardownDelayMs);
+    void sendLingerDuration(int durationMs);
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index f65acdd..adcf338 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Build;
@@ -106,6 +107,9 @@
     private final String LOG_TAG;
     private static final boolean DBG = true;
     private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    /** @hide */
+    @TestApi
+    public static final int MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS = 2000;
     private final ArrayList<RegistryAction> mPreConnectedQueue = new ArrayList<>();
     private volatile long mLastBwRefreshTime = 0;
     private static final long BW_REFRESH_MIN_WIN_MS = 500;
@@ -391,6 +395,15 @@
      */
     public static final int CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED = BASE + 23;
 
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to set the linger duration for this network
+     * agent.
+     * arg1 = the linger duration, represents by {@link Duration}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED = BASE + 24;
+
     private static NetworkInfo getLegacyNetworkInfo(final NetworkAgentConfig config) {
         final NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, config.legacySubType,
                 config.legacyTypeName, config.legacySubTypeName);
@@ -956,7 +969,6 @@
      * Must be called by the agent to update the score of this network.
      *
      * @param score the new score.
-     * @hide TODO : unhide when impl is complete
      */
     public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull NetworkScore score) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(score);
@@ -1288,6 +1300,22 @@
         queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendQosCallbackError(qosCallbackId, exceptionType));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set the linger duration for this network agent.
+     * @param duration the delay between the moment the network becomes unneeded and the
+     *                 moment the network is disconnected or moved into the background.
+     *                 Note that If this duration has greater than millisecond precision, then
+     *                 the internal implementation will drop any excess precision.
+     */
+    public void setLingerDuration(@NonNull final Duration duration) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(duration);
+        final long durationMs = duration.toMillis();
+        if (durationMs < MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS || durationMs > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duration must be within ["
+                    + MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS + "," + Integer.MAX_VALUE + "]ms");
+        }
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendLingerDuration((int) durationMs));
+    }
 
     /** @hide */
     protected void log(final String s) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
index cfb7325..0665af5 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
@@ -167,7 +167,15 @@
         ConnectivityManager.from(mContext).declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(request);
     }
 
-    /** @hide */
+    /**
+     * A callback for parties registering a NetworkOffer.
+     *
+     * This is used with {@link ConnectivityManager#offerNetwork}. When offering a network,
+     * the system will use this callback to inform the caller that a network corresponding to
+     * this offer is needed or unneeded.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     @SystemApi
     public interface NetworkOfferCallback {
         /**
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
index 0dee225..7be7deb 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
@@ -48,7 +48,14 @@
     })
     public @interface KeepConnectedReason { }
 
+    /**
+     * Do not keep this network connected if there is no outstanding request for it.
+     */
     public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE = 0;
+    /**
+     * Keep this network connected even if there is no outstanding request for it, because it
+     * is being considered for handover.
+     */
     public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER = 1;
 
     // Agent-managed policies
@@ -93,6 +100,10 @@
         mKeepConnectedReason = in.readInt();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the legacy int score embedded in this NetworkScore.
+     * @see Builder#setLegacyInt(int)
+     */
     public int getLegacyInt() {
         return mLegacyInt;
     }
@@ -212,7 +223,9 @@
         /**
          * Sets the legacy int for this score.
          *
-         * Do not rely on this. It will be gone by the time S is released.
+         * This will be used for measurements and logs, but will no longer be used for ranking
+         * networks against each other. Callers that existed before Android S should send what
+         * they used to send as the int score.
          *
          * @param score the legacy int
          * @return this
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index f57761f..eb7dccc 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -1400,8 +1400,8 @@
                 new NetworkInfo(TYPE_NONE, 0, "", ""),
                 new LinkProperties(), new NetworkCapabilities(),
                 new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(0).build(), mContext, null,
-                new NetworkAgentConfig(), this, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID, mQosCallbackTracker,
-                mDeps);
+                new NetworkAgentConfig(), this, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID,
+                mLingerDelayMs, mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
     }
 
     private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUid(int uid) {
@@ -3234,6 +3234,11 @@
                     } else {
                         logwtf(nai.toShortString() + " set invalid teardown delay " + msg.arg1);
                     }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED: {
+                    nai.setLingerDuration((int) arg.second);
+                    break;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -4038,17 +4043,16 @@
                 // multilayer requests, returning as soon as a NetworkAgentInfo satisfies a request
                 // is important so as to not evaluate lower priority requests further in
                 // nri.mRequests.
-                final boolean isNetworkNeeded = candidate.isSatisfyingRequest(req.requestId)
-                        // Note that this catches two important cases:
-                        // 1. Unvalidated cellular will not be reaped when unvalidated WiFi
-                        //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
-                        //    cellular ends up validating but WiFi does not.
-                        // 2. Unvalidated WiFi will not be reaped when validated cellular
-                        //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
-                        //    WiFi ends up validating and out scoring cellular.
-                        || nri.getSatisfier().getCurrentScore()
-                        < candidate.getCurrentScoreAsValidated();
-                return isNetworkNeeded;
+                final NetworkAgentInfo champion = req.equals(nri.getActiveRequest())
+                        ? nri.getSatisfier() : null;
+                // Note that this catches two important cases:
+                // 1. Unvalidated cellular will not be reaped when unvalidated WiFi
+                //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
+                //    cellular ends up validating but WiFi does not.
+                // 2. Unvalidated WiFi will not be reaped when validated cellular
+                //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
+                //    WiFi ends up validating and out scoring cellular.
+                return mNetworkRanker.mightBeat(req, champion, candidate.getValidatedScoreable());
             }
         }
 
@@ -4305,7 +4309,7 @@
             // network, we should respect the user's option and don't need to popup the
             // PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY notification to user again.
             nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = accept;
-            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentConfigUpdate();
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         }
 
@@ -4373,6 +4377,7 @@
         }
         if (!nai.avoidUnvalidated) {
             nai.avoidUnvalidated = true;
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         }
     }
@@ -4480,7 +4485,7 @@
 
     private void updateAvoidBadWifi() {
         for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
-            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentConfigUpdate();
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
         }
         rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
     }
@@ -6597,7 +6602,8 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(na,
                 new Network(mNetIdManager.reserveNetId()), new NetworkInfo(networkInfo), lp, nc,
                 currentScore, mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkAgentConfig(networkAgentConfig),
-                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, providerId, uid, mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
+                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, providerId, uid, mLingerDelayMs,
+                mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
 
         // Make sure the LinkProperties and NetworkCapabilities reflect what the agent info says.
         processCapabilitiesFromAgent(nai, nc);
@@ -6697,7 +6703,7 @@
             @NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
         for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
-            if (noi.offer.callback.equals(callback)) return noi;
+            if (noi.offer.callback.asBinder().equals(callback.asBinder())) return noi;
         }
         return null;
     }
@@ -7255,6 +7261,7 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities prevNc = nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(newNc);
 
         updateUids(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+        nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
 
         if (nai.getCurrentScore() == oldScore && newNc.equalRequestableCapabilities(prevNc)) {
             // If the requestable capabilities haven't changed, and the score hasn't changed, then
@@ -7840,7 +7847,7 @@
                     log("   accepting network in place of " + previousSatisfier.toShortString());
                 }
                 previousSatisfier.removeRequest(previousRequest.requestId);
-                previousSatisfier.lingerRequest(previousRequest.requestId, now, mLingerDelayMs);
+                previousSatisfier.lingerRequest(previousRequest.requestId, now);
             } else {
                 if (VDBG || DDBG) log("   accepting network in place of null");
             }
@@ -7850,6 +7857,7 @@
             // all networks except in the case of an underlying network for a VCN.
             if (newSatisfier.isNascent()) {
                 newSatisfier.unlingerRequest(NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE);
+                newSatisfier.unsetInactive();
             }
 
             // if newSatisfier is not null, then newRequest may not be null.
@@ -7885,7 +7893,7 @@
             @NonNull final Collection<NetworkRequestInfo> networkRequests) {
         final NetworkReassignment changes = new NetworkReassignment();
 
-        // Gather the list of all relevant agents and sort them by score.
+        // Gather the list of all relevant agents.
         final ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> nais = new ArrayList<>();
         for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
             if (!nai.everConnected) {
@@ -8354,6 +8362,7 @@
             // But it will be removed as soon as the network satisfies a request for the first time.
             networkAgent.lingerRequest(NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE,
                     SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), mNascentDelayMs);
+            networkAgent.setInactive();
 
             // Consider network even though it is not yet validated.
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
index a8a83fc..14cec09 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
@@ -91,17 +91,26 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE = 58;
 
+    // This network has been validated at least once since it was connected, but not explicitly
+    // avoided in UI.
+    // TODO : remove setAvoidUnvalidated and instead disconnect the network when the user
+    // chooses to move away from this network, and remove this flag.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD = 57;
+
     // To help iterate when printing
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final int MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE;
+    static final int MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD;
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
 
     // Mask for policies in NetworkScore. This should have all bits managed by NetworkScore set
     // and all bits managed by FullScore unset. As bits are handled from 0 up in NetworkScore and
-    // from 63 down in FullScore, cut at the 32rd bit for simplicity, but change this if some day
+    // from 63 down in FullScore, cut at the 32nd bit for simplicity, but change this if some day
     // there are more than 32 bits handled on either side.
-    private static final int EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK = 0x0000FFFF;
+    // YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI is temporarily handled by ConnectivityService.
+    private static final long EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK =
+            0x00000000FFFFFFFFL & ~(1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI);
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     static @NonNull String policyNameOf(final int policy) {
@@ -115,6 +124,7 @@
             case POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY: return "TRANSPORT_PRIMARY";
             case POLICY_EXITING: return "EXITING";
             case POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE: return "INVINCIBLE";
+            case POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD: return "EVER_VALIDATED";
         }
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown policy : " + policy);
     }
@@ -137,6 +147,7 @@
      * @param score the score supplied by the agent
      * @param caps the NetworkCapabilities of the network
      * @param config the NetworkAgentConfig of the network
+     * @param everValidated whether this network has ever validated
      * @param yieldToBadWiFi whether this network yields to a previously validated wifi gone bad
      * @return a FullScore that is appropriate to use for ranking.
      */
@@ -145,12 +156,13 @@
     // connectivity for backward compatibility.
     public static FullScore fromNetworkScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score,
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps, @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
-            final boolean yieldToBadWiFi) {
+            final boolean everValidated, final boolean yieldToBadWiFi) {
         return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(),
                 score.getKeepConnectedReason(),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
                 caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
+                everValidated,
                 config.explicitlySelected,
                 config.acceptUnvalidated,
                 yieldToBadWiFi,
@@ -179,6 +191,8 @@
         // Prospective scores are always unmetered, because unmetered networks are stronger
         // than metered networks, and it's not known in advance whether the network is metered.
         final boolean unmetered = true;
+        // If the offer may validate, then it should be considered to have validated at some point
+        final boolean everValidated = mayValidate;
         // The network hasn't been chosen by the user (yet, at least).
         final boolean everUserSelected = false;
         // Don't assume the user will accept unvalidated connectivity.
@@ -189,8 +203,8 @@
         // score.
         final boolean invincible = score.getLegacyInt() > NetworkRanker.LEGACY_INT_MAX;
         return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(), KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE,
-                mayValidate, vpn, unmetered, everUserSelected, acceptUnvalidated, yieldToBadWiFi,
-                invincible);
+                mayValidate, vpn, unmetered, everValidated, everUserSelected, acceptUnvalidated,
+                yieldToBadWiFi, invincible);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -204,11 +218,14 @@
     // telephony factory, so that it depends on the carrier. For now this is handled by
     // connectivity for backward compatibility.
     public FullScore mixInScore(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps,
-            @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config, final boolean yieldToBadWifi) {
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
+            final boolean everValidated,
+            final boolean yieldToBadWifi) {
         return withPolicies(mLegacyInt, mPolicies, mKeepConnectedReason,
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
                 caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
+                everValidated,
                 config.explicitlySelected,
                 config.acceptUnvalidated,
                 yieldToBadWifi,
@@ -224,6 +241,7 @@
             final boolean isValidated,
             final boolean isVpn,
             final boolean isUnmetered,
+            final boolean everValidated,
             final boolean everUserSelected,
             final boolean acceptUnvalidated,
             final boolean yieldToBadWiFi,
@@ -232,6 +250,7 @@
                 | (isValidated       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED : 0)
                 | (isVpn             ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VPN : 0)
                 | (isUnmetered       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_UNMETERED : 0)
+                | (everValidated     ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD : 0)
                 | (everUserSelected  ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED : 0)
                 | (acceptUnvalidated ? 1L << POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED : 0)
                 | (yieldToBadWiFi    ? 1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI : 0)
@@ -240,6 +259,14 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Returns this score but validated.
+     */
+    public FullScore asValidated() {
+        return new FullScore(mLegacyInt, mPolicies | (1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                mKeepConnectedReason);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * For backward compatibility, get the legacy int.
      * This will be removed before S is published.
      */
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 5d793fd..18becd4 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
@@ -281,6 +282,9 @@
      */
     public static final int ARG_AGENT_SUCCESS = 1;
 
+    // How long this network should linger for.
+    private int mLingerDurationMs;
+
     // All inactivity timers for this network, sorted by expiry time. A timer is added whenever
     // a request is moved to a network with a better score, regardless of whether the network is or
     // was lingering or not. An inactivity timer is also added when a network connects
@@ -349,7 +353,8 @@
             @NonNull NetworkScore score, Context context,
             Handler handler, NetworkAgentConfig config, ConnectivityService connService, INetd netd,
             IDnsResolver dnsResolver, int factorySerialNumber, int creatorUid,
-            QosCallbackTracker qosCallbackTracker, ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps) {
+            int lingerDurationMs, QosCallbackTracker qosCallbackTracker,
+            ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(net);
         Objects.requireNonNull(info);
         Objects.requireNonNull(lp);
@@ -370,6 +375,7 @@
         mHandler = handler;
         this.factorySerialNumber = factorySerialNumber;
         this.creatorUid = creatorUid;
+        mLingerDurationMs = lingerDurationMs;
         mQosCallbackTracker = qosCallbackTracker;
     }
 
@@ -685,6 +691,12 @@
             mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED,
                     teardownDelayMs, 0, new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, null)).sendToTarget();
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendLingerDuration(final int durationMs) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, durationMs)).sendToTarget();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -707,7 +719,8 @@
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         final NetworkCapabilities oldNc = networkCapabilities;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
-        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, yieldToBadWiFi());
+        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, everValidatedForYield(),
+                yieldToBadWiFi());
         final NetworkMonitorManager nm = mNetworkMonitor;
         if (nm != null) {
             nm.notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(nc);
@@ -893,7 +906,7 @@
     // Caller must not mutate. This method is called frequently and making a defensive copy
     // would be too expensive. This is used by NetworkRanker.Scoreable, so it can be compared
     // against other scoreables.
-    @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCaps() {
+    @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
         return networkCapabilities;
     }
 
@@ -919,7 +932,7 @@
      */
     public void setScore(final NetworkScore score) {
         mScore = FullScore.fromNetworkScore(score, networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
-                yieldToBadWiFi());
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -927,8 +940,33 @@
      *
      * Call this after updating the network agent config.
      */
-    public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentConfigUpdate() {
-        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, yieldToBadWiFi());
+    public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate() {
+        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi());
+    }
+
+    private boolean everValidatedForYield() {
+        return everValidated && !avoidUnvalidated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Scoreable identical to this NAI, but validated.
+     *
+     * This is useful to probe what scoring would be if this network validated, to know
+     * whether to provisionally keep a network that may or may not validate.
+     *
+     * @return a Scoreable identical to this NAI, but validated.
+     */
+    public NetworkRanker.Scoreable getValidatedScoreable() {
+        return new NetworkRanker.Scoreable() {
+            @Override public FullScore getScore() {
+                return mScore.asValidated();
+            }
+
+            @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
+                return networkCapabilities;
+            }
+        };
     }
 
     /**
@@ -948,13 +986,14 @@
 
     /**
      * Sets the specified requestId to linger on this network for the specified time. Called by
-     * ConnectivityService when the request is moved to another network with a higher score, or
+     * ConnectivityService when any request is moved to another network with a higher score, or
      * when a network is newly created.
      *
      * @param requestId The requestId of the request that no longer need to be served by this
      *                  network. Or {@link NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE} if this is the
-     *                  {@code LingerTimer} for a newly created network.
+     *                  {@code InactivityTimer} for a newly created network.
      */
+    // TODO: Consider creating a dedicated function for nascent network, e.g. start/stopNascent.
     public void lingerRequest(int requestId, long now, long duration) {
         if (mInactivityTimerForRequest.get(requestId) != null) {
             // Cannot happen. Once a request is lingering on a particular network, we cannot
@@ -970,6 +1009,19 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Sets the specified requestId to linger on this network for the timeout set when
+     * initializing or modified by {@link #setLingerDuration(int)}. Called by
+     * ConnectivityService when any request is moved to another network with a higher score.
+     *
+     * @param requestId The requestId of the request that no longer need to be served by this
+     *                  network.
+     * @param now current system timestamp obtained by {@code SystemClock.elapsedRealtime}.
+     */
+    public void lingerRequest(int requestId, long now) {
+        lingerRequest(requestId, now, mLingerDurationMs);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Cancel lingering. Called by ConnectivityService when a request is added to this network.
      * Returns true if the given requestId was lingering on this network, false otherwise.
      */
@@ -1006,6 +1058,7 @@
         }
 
         if (newExpiry > 0) {
+            // If the newExpiry timestamp is in the past, the wakeup message will fire immediately.
             mInactivityMessage = new WakeupMessage(
                     mContext, mHandler,
                     "NETWORK_LINGER_COMPLETE." + network.getNetId() /* cmdName */,
@@ -1035,8 +1088,33 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Return whether the network is just connected and about to be torn down because of not
-     * satisfying any request.
+     * Set the linger duration for this NAI.
+     * @param durationMs The new linger duration, in milliseconds.
+     */
+    public void setLingerDuration(final int durationMs) {
+        final long diff = durationMs - mLingerDurationMs;
+        final ArrayList<InactivityTimer> newTimers = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final InactivityTimer timer : mInactivityTimers) {
+            if (timer.requestId == NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE) {
+                // Don't touch nascent timer, re-add as is.
+                newTimers.add(timer);
+            } else {
+                newTimers.add(new InactivityTimer(timer.requestId, timer.expiryMs + diff));
+            }
+        }
+        mInactivityTimers.clear();
+        mInactivityTimers.addAll(newTimers);
+        updateInactivityTimer();
+        mLingerDurationMs = durationMs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the network satisfies no request, but is still being kept up
+     * because it has just connected less than
+     * {@code ConnectivityService#DEFAULT_NASCENT_DELAY_MS}ms ago and is thus still considered
+     * nascent. Note that nascent mechanism uses inactivity timer which isn't
+     * associated with a request. Thus, use {@link NetworkRequest#REQUEST_ID_NONE} to identify it.
+     *
      */
     public boolean isNascent() {
         return mInactive && mInactivityTimers.size() == 1
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
index 5336593..8285e7a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
     /**
      * Get the capabilities filter of this offer
      */
-    @Override @NonNull public NetworkCapabilities getCaps() {
+    @Override @NonNull public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
         return caps;
     }
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
      * @param previousOffer the previous offer
      */
     public void migrateFrom(@NonNull final NetworkOffer previousOffer) {
-        if (!callback.equals(previousOffer.callback)) {
+        if (!callback.asBinder().equals(previousOffer.callback.asBinder())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only migrate from a previous version of"
                     + " the same offer");
         }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
index 3aaff59..e839837 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY;
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.filter;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN;
@@ -58,25 +60,13 @@
         /** Get score of this scoreable */
         FullScore getScore();
         /** Get capabilities of this scoreable */
-        NetworkCapabilities getCaps();
+        NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy();
     }
 
-    private static final boolean USE_POLICY_RANKING = false;
+    private static final boolean USE_POLICY_RANKING = true;
 
     public NetworkRanker() { }
 
-    // TODO : move to module utils CollectionUtils.
-    @NonNull private static <T> ArrayList<T> filter(@NonNull final Collection<T> source,
-            @NonNull final Predicate<T> test) {
-        final ArrayList<T> matches = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (final T e : source) {
-            if (test.test(e)) {
-                matches.add(e);
-            }
-        }
-        return matches;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Find the best network satisfying this request among the list of passed networks.
      */
@@ -158,11 +148,12 @@
         if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
         if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
 
-        // Yield to bad wifi policy : if any wifi has ever been validated, keep only networks
-        // that don't yield to such a wifi network.
+        // Yield to bad wifi policy : if any wifi has ever been validated (even if it's now
+        // unvalidated), and unless it's been explicitly avoided when bad in UI, then keep only
+        // networks that don't yield to such a wifi network.
         final boolean anyWiFiEverValidated = CollectionUtils.any(candidates,
-                nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED)
-                        && nai.getCaps().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+                nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD)
+                        && nai.getCapsNoCopy().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
         if (anyWiFiEverValidated) {
             partitionInto(candidates, nai -> !nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI),
                     accepted, rejected);
@@ -206,18 +197,18 @@
         for (final Scoreable defaultSubNai : accepted) {
             // Remove all networks without the DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION policy and the same transports
             // as a network that has it.
-            final int[] transports = defaultSubNai.getCaps().getTransportTypes();
+            final int[] transports = defaultSubNai.getCapsNoCopy().getTransportTypes();
             candidates.removeIf(nai -> !nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY)
-                    && Arrays.equals(transports, nai.getCaps().getTransportTypes()));
+                    && Arrays.equals(transports, nai.getCapsNoCopy().getTransportTypes()));
         }
         if (1 == candidates.size()) return candidates.get(0);
-        // It's guaranteed candidates.size() > 0 because there is at least one with DEFAULT_SUB
-        // policy and only those without it were removed.
+        // It's guaranteed candidates.size() > 0 because there is at least one with the
+        // TRANSPORT_PRIMARY policy and only those without it were removed.
 
         // If some of the networks have a better transport than others, keep only the ones with
         // the best transports.
         for (final int transport : PREFERRED_TRANSPORTS_ORDER) {
-            partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getCaps().hasTransport(transport),
+            partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getCapsNoCopy().hasTransport(transport),
                     accepted, rejected);
             if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
             if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) {
@@ -243,16 +234,17 @@
         NetworkAgentInfo bestNetwork = null;
         int bestScore = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
         for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : nais) {
-            if (nai.getCurrentScore() > bestScore) {
+            final int naiScore = nai.getCurrentScore();
+            if (naiScore > bestScore) {
                 bestNetwork = nai;
-                bestScore = nai.getCurrentScore();
+                bestScore = naiScore;
             }
         }
         return bestNetwork;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether an offer has a chance to beat a champion network for a request.
+     * Returns whether a {@link Scoreable} has a chance to beat a champion network for a request.
      *
      * Offers are sent by network providers when they think they might be able to make a network
      * with the characteristics contained in the offer. If the offer has no chance to beat
@@ -266,15 +258,15 @@
      *
      * @param request The request to evaluate against.
      * @param champion The currently best network for this request.
-     * @param offer The offer.
+     * @param contestant The offer.
      * @return Whether the offer stands a chance to beat the champion.
      */
     public boolean mightBeat(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
             @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo champion,
-            @NonNull final NetworkOffer offer) {
+            @NonNull final Scoreable contestant) {
         // If this network can't even satisfy the request then it can't beat anything, not
         // even an absence of network. It can't satisfy it anyway.
-        if (!request.canBeSatisfiedBy(offer.caps)) return false;
+        if (!request.canBeSatisfiedBy(contestant.getCapsNoCopy())) return false;
         // If there is no satisfying network, then this network can beat, because some network
         // is always better than no network.
         if (null == champion) return true;
@@ -283,25 +275,24 @@
             // Otherwise rank them.
             final ArrayList<Scoreable> candidates = new ArrayList<>();
             candidates.add(champion);
-            candidates.add(offer);
-            return offer == getBestNetworkByPolicy(candidates, champion);
+            candidates.add(contestant);
+            return contestant == getBestNetworkByPolicy(candidates, champion);
         } else {
-            return mightBeatByLegacyInt(request, champion.getScore(), offer);
+            return mightBeatByLegacyInt(champion.getScore(), contestant);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether an offer might beat a champion according to the legacy int.
+     * Returns whether a contestant might beat a champion according to the legacy int.
      */
-    public boolean mightBeatByLegacyInt(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
-            @Nullable final FullScore championScore,
-            @NonNull final NetworkOffer offer) {
+    private boolean mightBeatByLegacyInt(@Nullable final FullScore championScore,
+            @NonNull final Scoreable contestant) {
         final int offerIntScore;
-        if (offer.caps.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
+        if (contestant.getCapsNoCopy().hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
             // If the offer might have Internet access, then it might validate.
-            offerIntScore = offer.score.getLegacyIntAsValidated();
+            offerIntScore = contestant.getScore().getLegacyIntAsValidated();
         } else {
-            offerIntScore = offer.score.getLegacyInt();
+            offerIntScore = contestant.getScore().getLegacyInt();
         }
         return championScore.getLegacyInt() < offerIntScore;
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index dac2e5c..1a75a7f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.Looper
 import android.os.Message
+import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.util.DebugUtils.valueToString
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Losing
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import org.junit.After
@@ -114,6 +116,7 @@
 // requests filed by the test and should never match normal internet requests. 70 is the default
 // score of Ethernet networks, it's as good a value as any other.
 private const val TEST_NETWORK_SCORE = 70
+private const val WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE = 65
 private const val BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE = 75
 private const val FAKE_NET_ID = 1098
 private val instrumentation: Instrumentation
@@ -543,16 +546,23 @@
         // Connect the first Network
         createConnectedNetworkAgent(name = name1).let { (agent1, _) ->
             callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network)
-            // Upgrade agent1 to a better score so that there is no ambiguity when
-            // agent2 connects that agent1 is still better
-            agent1.sendNetworkScore(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE - 1)
+            // If using the int ranking, agent1 must be upgraded to a better score so that there is
+            // no ambiguity when agent2 connects that agent1 is still better. If using policy
+            // ranking, this is not necessary.
+            agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                    .build())
             // Connect the second agent
             createConnectedNetworkAgent(name = name2).let { (agent2, _) ->
                 agent2.markConnected()
-                // The callback should not see anything yet
+                // The callback should not see anything yet. With int ranking, agent1 was upgraded
+                // to a stronger score beforehand. With policy ranking, agent1 is preferred by
+                // virtue of already satisfying the request.
                 callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
-                // Now update the score and expect the callback now prefers agent2
-                agent2.sendNetworkScore(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                // Now downgrade the score and expect the callback now prefers agent2
+                agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder()
+                        .setLegacyInt(WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                        .setExiting(true)
+                        .build())
                 callback.expectCallback<Available>(agent2.network)
             }
         }
@@ -768,4 +778,71 @@
 
         // tearDown() will unregister the requests and agents
     }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testSetLingerDuration() {
+        // This test will create two networks and check that the one with the stronger
+        // score wins out for a request that matches them both. And the weaker agent will
+        // be disconnected after customized linger duration.
+
+        // Connect the first Network
+        val name1 = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val name2 = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val (agent1, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(name = name1)
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+        // Downgrade agent1 to a worse score so that there is no ambiguity when
+        // agent2 connects.
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                .setExiting(true).build())
+
+        // Verify invalid linger duration cannot be set.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(-1))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ZERO) }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MIN_VALUE.toLong()))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE.toLong() + 1))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(
+                    NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - 1))
+        }
+        // Verify valid linger timer can be set, but it should not take effect since the network
+        // is still needed.
+        agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE.toLong()))
+        callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        // Set to the value we want to verify the functionality.
+        agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong()))
+        // Make a listener which can observe agent1 lost later.
+        val callbackWeaker = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(name1))
+                .build(), callbackWeaker)
+        callbackWeaker.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+
+        // Connect the second agent with a score better than agent1. Verify the callback for
+        // agent1 sees the linger expiry while the callback for both sees the winner.
+        // Record linger start timestamp prior to send score to prevent possible race, the actual
+        // timestamp should be slightly late than this since the service handles update
+        // network score asynchronously.
+        val lingerStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+        val agent2 = createNetworkAgent(name = name2)
+        agent2.register()
+        agent2.markConnected()
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent2.network!!)
+        callbackWeaker.expectCallback<Losing>(agent1.network!!)
+        val expectedRemainingLingerDuration = lingerStart +
+                NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+        // If the available callback is too late. The remaining duration will be reduced.
+        assertTrue(expectedRemainingLingerDuration > 0,
+                "expected remaining linger duration is $expectedRemainingLingerDuration")
+        callbackWeaker.assertNoCallback(expectedRemainingLingerDuration)
+        callbackWeaker.expectCallback<Lost>(agent1.network!!)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 7ba415b..40da20b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -2683,25 +2683,6 @@
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
-        // Bring up wifi with a score of 70.
-        // Cell is lingered because it would not satisfy any request, even if it validated.
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(50);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);   // Score: 70
-        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-
-        // Tear down wifi.
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
-        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
-        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-
         // Bring up wifi, then validate it. Previous versions would immediately tear down cell, but
         // it's arguably correct to linger it, since it was the default network before it validated.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
@@ -3017,11 +2998,11 @@
         callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
-        // BUG: the network will no longer linger, even though it's validated and outscored.
-        // TODO: fix this.
         mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
         mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         callback.assertNoCallback();
 
@@ -4580,9 +4561,8 @@
             expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
             testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
             assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
-            // ...  and cell data to be torn down after nascent network timeout.
-            cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent,
-                    mService.mNascentDelayMs + TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            // ...  and cell data to be torn down immediately since it is no longer nascent.
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
             waitForIdle();
             assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
         } finally {
@@ -9846,7 +9826,8 @@
         return new NetworkAgentInfo(null, new Network(NET_ID), networkInfo, new LinkProperties(),
                 nc, new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(0).build(),
                 mServiceContext, null, new NetworkAgentConfig(), mService, null, null, 0,
-                INVALID_UID, mQosCallbackTracker, new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
+                INVALID_UID, TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS, mQosCallbackTracker,
+                new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -11887,6 +11868,11 @@
         internetFactory.expectRequestRemove();
         internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
 
+        // Create a request that holds the upcoming wifi network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
+                wifiCallback);
+
         // Now WiFi connects and it's unmetered, but it's weaker than cell.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
@@ -11895,7 +11881,7 @@
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
 
         // The OEM_PAID preference prefers an unmetered network to an OEM_PAID network, so
-        // the oemPaidFactory can't beat this no matter how high its score.
+        // the oemPaidFactory can't beat wifi no matter how high its score.
         oemPaidFactory.expectRequestRemove();
         expectNoRequestChanged(internetFactory);
 
@@ -11906,6 +11892,7 @@
         // unmetered network, so the oemPaidNetworkFactory still can't beat this.
         expectNoRequestChanged(oemPaidFactory);
         internetFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCallback);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
index f0d7d86..45b575a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
             if (vpn) addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
             if (validated) addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
         }.build()
-        return mixInScore(nc, nac, false /* avoidBadWifi */)
+        return mixInScore(nc, nac, validated, false /* yieldToBadWifi */)
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
index 116d755..36e229d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@
     static final int LOW_DAILY_LIMIT = 2;
     static final int HIGH_DAILY_LIMIT = 1000;
 
+    private static final int TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS = 400;
+
     LingerMonitor mMonitor;
 
     @Mock ConnectivityService mConnService;
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@
         NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(null, new Network(netId), info,
                 new LinkProperties(), caps, new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(50).build(),
                 mCtx, null, new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build(), mConnService, mNetd,
-                mDnsResolver, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE, Binder.getCallingUid(),
+                mDnsResolver, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE, Binder.getCallingUid(), TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS,
                 mQosCallbackTracker, new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
         nai.everValidated = true;
         return nai;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
index 1348c6a..551b94c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity
 
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import org.junit.Test
@@ -32,10 +34,14 @@
 class NetworkRankerTest {
     private val ranker = NetworkRanker()
 
-    private fun makeNai(satisfy: Boolean, score: Int) = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java).also {
-        doReturn(satisfy).`when`(it).satisfies(any())
-        doReturn(score).`when`(it).currentScore
-    }
+    private fun makeNai(satisfy: Boolean, legacyScore: Int) =
+            mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java).also {
+                doReturn(satisfy).`when`(it).satisfies(any())
+                val fs = FullScore(legacyScore, 0 /* policies */, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+                doReturn(fs).`when`(it).getScore()
+                val nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build()
+                doReturn(nc).`when`(it).getCapsNoCopy()
+            }
 
     @Test
     fun testGetBestNetwork() {