Merge "try-catch when calling createContextAsUser" into main
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking b/OWNERS_core_networking
index 078ccde..4b73639 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 jchalard@google.com
+jimictw@google.com
 junyulai@google.com
 lorenzo@google.com
 maze@google.com
diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 1d2041b..8592af2 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
       "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
     },
     {
-      "name": "CtsTetheringTestLatestSdk",
+      "name": "CtsTetheringTest",
       "options": [
         {
           "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest"
@@ -226,6 +226,9 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsTetheringTest"
     }
   ],
   "postsubmit": [
@@ -391,7 +394,7 @@
       "name": "libnetworkstats_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     },
     {
-      "name": "CtsTetheringTestLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "name": "CtsTetheringTest[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
       "options": [
         {
           "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest"
@@ -406,7 +409,7 @@
       "keywords": ["sim"]
     },
     {
-      "name": "CtsTetheringTestLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "name": "CtsTetheringTest[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
       "keywords": ["sim"],
       "options": [
         {
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl
index 77e78bd..7d244e2 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import android.net.IIntResultListener;
 import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 
 /** @hide */
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@
     void stopTethering(int type, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
             IIntResultListener receiver);
 
+    void stopTetheringRequest(in TetheringRequest request, String callerPkg,
+            String callingAttributionTag, IIntResultListener receiver);
+
     void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int type, in ResultReceiver receiver,
             boolean showEntitlementUi, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag);
 
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
index e81cbf0..f123dca 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -657,6 +658,13 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void unsupportedAfterV() {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported after SDK version "
+                    + Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Attempt to tether the named interface.  This will setup a dhcp server
      * on the interface, forward and NAT IP v4 packets and forward DNS requests
@@ -666,8 +674,10 @@
      * access will of course fail until an upstream network interface becomes
      * active.
      *
-     * @deprecated The only usages is PanService. It uses this for legacy reasons
-     * and will migrate away as soon as possible.
+     * @deprecated Legacy tethering API. Callers should instead use
+     *             {@link #startTethering(int, Executor, StartTetheringCallback)}.
+     *             On SDK versions after {@link Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM}, this will
+     *             throw an UnsupportedOperationException.
      *
      * @param iface the interface name to tether.
      * @return error a {@code TETHER_ERROR} value indicating success or failure type
@@ -677,6 +687,8 @@
     @Deprecated
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public int tether(@NonNull final String iface) {
+        unsupportedAfterV();
+
         final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         Log.i(TAG, "tether caller:" + callerPkg);
         final RequestDispatcher dispatcher = new RequestDispatcher();
@@ -700,14 +712,18 @@
     /**
      * Stop tethering the named interface.
      *
-     * @deprecated The only usages is PanService. It uses this for legacy reasons
-     * and will migrate away as soon as possible.
+     * @deprecated Legacy tethering API. Callers should instead use
+     *             {@link #stopTethering(int)}.
+     *             On SDK versions after {@link Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM}, this will
+     *             throw an UnsupportedOperationException.
      *
      * {@hide}
      */
     @Deprecated
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public int untether(@NonNull final String iface) {
+        unsupportedAfterV();
+
         final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         Log.i(TAG, "untether caller:" + callerPkg);
 
@@ -791,6 +807,46 @@
      */
     @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final class TetheringRequest implements Parcelable {
+        /**
+         * Tethering started by an explicit call to startTethering.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int REQUEST_TYPE_EXPLICIT = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Tethering implicitly started by broadcasts (LOHS and P2P). Can never be pending.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int REQUEST_TYPE_IMPLICIT = 1;
+
+        /**
+         * Tethering started by the legacy tether() call. Can only happen on V-.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int REQUEST_TYPE_LEGACY = 2;
+
+        /**
+         * Tethering started but there was no pending request found. This may happen if Tethering is
+         * started and immediately stopped before the link layer goes up, or if we get a link layer
+         * event without a prior call to startTethering (e.g. adb shell cmd wifi start-softap).
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int REQUEST_TYPE_PLACEHOLDER = 3;
+
+        /**
+         * Type of request, used to keep track of whether the request was explicitly sent by
+         * startTethering, implicitly created by broadcasts, or via legacy tether().
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        @IntDef(prefix = "TYPE_", value = {
+                REQUEST_TYPE_EXPLICIT,
+                REQUEST_TYPE_IMPLICIT,
+                REQUEST_TYPE_LEGACY,
+                REQUEST_TYPE_PLACEHOLDER,
+        })
+        public @interface RequestType {}
+
         /** A configuration set for TetheringRequest. */
         private final TetheringRequestParcel mRequestParcel;
 
@@ -850,6 +906,7 @@
                 mBuilderParcel.uid = Process.INVALID_UID;
                 mBuilderParcel.softApConfig = null;
                 mBuilderParcel.interfaceName = null;
+                mBuilderParcel.requestType = REQUEST_TYPE_EXPLICIT;
             }
 
             /**
@@ -1145,6 +1202,14 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Get the type of the request.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public @RequestType int getRequestType() {
+            return mRequestParcel.requestType;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * String of TetheringRequest detail.
          * @hide
          */
@@ -1152,6 +1217,13 @@
         public String toString() {
             StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "TetheringRequest[ ", " ]");
             sj.add(typeToString(mRequestParcel.tetheringType));
+            if (mRequestParcel.requestType == REQUEST_TYPE_IMPLICIT) {
+                sj.add("IMPLICIT");
+            } else if (mRequestParcel.requestType == REQUEST_TYPE_LEGACY) {
+                sj.add("LEGACY");
+            } else if (mRequestParcel.requestType == REQUEST_TYPE_PLACEHOLDER) {
+                sj.add("PLACEHOLDER");
+            }
             if (mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address != null) {
                 sj.add("localIpv4Address=" + mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address);
             }
@@ -1201,7 +1273,8 @@
         public boolean equalsIgnoreUidPackage(TetheringRequest otherRequest) {
             TetheringRequestParcel parcel = getParcel();
             TetheringRequestParcel otherParcel = otherRequest.getParcel();
-            return parcel.tetheringType == otherParcel.tetheringType
+            return parcel.requestType == otherParcel.requestType
+                    && parcel.tetheringType == otherParcel.tetheringType
                     && Objects.equals(parcel.localIPv4Address, otherParcel.localIPv4Address)
                     && Objects.equals(parcel.staticClientAddress, otherParcel.staticClientAddress)
                     && parcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck == otherParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
@@ -1344,7 +1417,25 @@
     @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
     public void stopTethering(@NonNull TetheringRequest request,
             @NonNull final Executor executor, @NonNull final StopTetheringCallback callback) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
+
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "stopTethering: request=" + request + ", caller=" + callerPkg);
+        getConnector(c -> c.stopTetheringRequest(request, callerPkg, getAttributionTag(),
+                new IIntResultListener.Stub() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(final int resultCode) {
+                        executor.execute(() -> {
+                            if (resultCode == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                                callback.onStopTetheringSucceeded();
+                            } else {
+                                callback.onStopTetheringFailed(resultCode);
+                            }
+                        });
+                    }
+                }));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
index 97c9b9a..9863385 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
  * @hide
  */
 parcelable TetheringRequestParcel {
+    int requestType;
     int tetheringType;
     LinkAddress localIPv4Address;
     LinkAddress staticClientAddress;
diff --git a/Tethering/proguard.flags b/Tethering/proguard.flags
index 47e2848..6d857b1 100644
--- a/Tethering/proguard.flags
+++ b/Tethering/proguard.flags
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Keep JNI registered methods
+-keepclasseswithmembers,includedescriptorclasses class * { native <methods>; }
+
 # Keep class's integer static field for MessageUtils to parsing their name.
 -keepclassmembers class com.android.server.**,android.net.**,com.android.networkstack.** {
     static final % POLICY_*;
@@ -7,18 +10,6 @@
     static final % EVENT_*;
 }
 
--keep class com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.BpfMap {
-    native <methods>;
-}
-
--keep class com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TcUtils {
-    native <methods>;
-}
-
--keep class com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils {
-    native <methods>;
-}
-
 # Ensure runtime-visible field annotations are kept when using R8 full mode.
 -keepattributes RuntimeVisibleAnnotations,AnnotationDefault
 -keep interface com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.Struct$Field {
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index fa6ce95..609d759 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -174,10 +174,10 @@
         /**
          * Request Tethering change.
          *
-         * @param request the TetheringRequest this IpServer was enabled with.
+         * @param tetheringType the downstream type of this IpServer.
          * @param enabled enable or disable tethering.
          */
-        public void requestEnableTethering(TetheringRequest request, boolean enabled) { }
+        public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) { }
     }
 
     /** Capture IpServer dependencies, for injection. */
@@ -429,9 +429,11 @@
         return Collections.unmodifiableList(mDhcpLeases);
     }
 
-    /** Enable this IpServer. IpServer state machine will be tethered or localHotspot state. */
-    public void enable(final int requestedState, final TetheringRequest request) {
-        sendMessage(CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, requestedState, 0, request);
+    /**
+     * Enable this IpServer. IpServer state machine will be tethered or localHotspot state based on
+     * the connectivity scope of the TetheringRequest. */
+    public void enable(@NonNull final TetheringRequest request) {
+        sendMessage(CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0, request);
     }
 
     /** Stop this IpServer. After this is called this IpServer should not be used any more. */
@@ -1026,11 +1028,11 @@
         mLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(mIfaceName);
     }
 
-    private void maybeConfigureStaticIp(final TetheringRequest request) {
+    private void maybeConfigureStaticIp(@NonNull final TetheringRequest request) {
         // Ignore static address configuration if they are invalid or null. In theory, static
         // addresses should not be invalid here because TetheringManager do not allow caller to
         // specify invalid static address configuration.
-        if (request == null || request.getLocalIpv4Address() == null
+        if (request.getLocalIpv4Address() == null
                 || request.getClientStaticIpv4Address() == null || !checkStaticAddressConfiguration(
                 request.getLocalIpv4Address(), request.getClientStaticIpv4Address())) {
             return;
@@ -1053,13 +1055,13 @@
                 case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
                     mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
                     mTetheringRequest = (TetheringRequest) message.obj;
-                    switch (message.arg1) {
-                        case STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
-                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequest) message.obj);
+                    switch (mTetheringRequest.getConnectivityScope()) {
+                        case CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL:
+                            maybeConfigureStaticIp(mTetheringRequest);
                             transitionTo(mLocalHotspotState);
                             break;
-                        case STATE_TETHERED:
-                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequest) message.obj);
+                        case CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+                            maybeConfigureStaticIp(mTetheringRequest);
                             transitionTo(mTetheredState);
                             break;
                         default:
@@ -1189,8 +1191,8 @@
                     handleNewPrefixRequest((IpPrefix) message.obj);
                     break;
                 case CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT:
-                    mLog.i("restart tethering: " + mIfaceName);
-                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mTetheringRequest, false /* enabled */);
+                    mLog.i("restart tethering: " + mInterfaceType);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, false /* enabled */);
                     transitionTo(mWaitingForRestartState);
                     break;
                 case CMD_SERVICE_FAILED_TO_START:
@@ -1474,12 +1476,12 @@
                 case CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED:
                     transitionTo(mInitialState);
                     mLog.i("Untethered (unrequested) and restarting " + mIfaceName);
-                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mTetheringRequest, true /* enabled */);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, true /* enabled */);
                     break;
                 case CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN:
                     transitionTo(mUnavailableState);
                     mLog.i("Untethered (interface down) and restarting " + mIfaceName);
-                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mTetheringRequest, true /* enabled */);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, true /* enabled */);
                     break;
                 default:
                     return false;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index 21b420a..1249e85 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO;
 import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER;
@@ -47,10 +48,12 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.REQUEST_TYPE_PLACEHOLDER;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.toIfaces;
 import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_INTERFACE_NAME;
 import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_MODE;
@@ -70,6 +73,9 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_P2P_SUCCESS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_SUCCESS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_TETHER_WITH_PLACEHOLDER_REQUEST;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringMessageBase.BASE_MAIN_SM;
 
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
@@ -108,6 +114,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pInfo;
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
@@ -143,6 +150,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+import com.android.net.module.util.TerribleErrorLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
@@ -236,7 +244,7 @@
     // Currently active tethering requests per tethering type. Only one of each type can be
     // requested at a time. After a tethering type is requested, the map keeps tethering parameters
     // to be used after the interface comes up asynchronously.
-    private final SparseArray<TetheringRequest> mActiveTetheringRequests =
+    private final SparseArray<TetheringRequest> mPendingTetheringRequests =
             new SparseArray<>();
 
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -600,15 +608,42 @@
     // This method needs to exist because TETHERING_BLUETOOTH before Android T and TETHERING_WIGIG
     // can't use enableIpServing.
     private void processInterfaceStateChange(final String iface, boolean enabled) {
+        final int type = ifaceNameToType(iface);
         // Do not listen to USB interface state changes or USB interface add/removes. USB tethering
         // is driven only by USB_ACTION broadcasts.
-        final int type = ifaceNameToType(iface);
         if (type == TETHERING_USB || type == TETHERING_NCM) return;
 
+        // On T+, BLUETOOTH uses enableIpServing.
         if (type == TETHERING_BLUETOOTH && SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return;
 
+        // Cannot happen: on S+, tetherableWigigRegexps is always empty.
+        if (type == TETHERING_WIGIG && SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) return;
+
+        // After V, disallow this legacy codepath from starting tethering of any type:
+        // everything must call ensureIpServerStarted directly.
+        //
+        // Don't touch the teardown path for now. It's more complicated because:
+        // - ensureIpServerStarted and ensureIpServerStopped act on different
+        //   tethering types.
+        // - Depending on the type, ensureIpServerStopped is either called twice (once
+        //   on interface down and once on interface removed) or just once (on
+        //   interface removed).
+        //
+        // Note that this only affects WIFI and WIFI_P2P. The other types are either
+        // ignored above, or ignored by ensureIpServerStarted. Note that even for WIFI
+        // and WIFI_P2P, this code should not ever run in normal use, because the
+        // hotspot and p2p code do not call tether(). It's possible that this could
+        // happen in the field due to unforeseen OEM modifications. If it does happen,
+        // a terrible error is logged in tether().
+        // TODO: fix the teardown path to stop depending on interface state notifications.
+        // These are not necessary since most/all link layers have their own teardown
+        // notifications, and can race with those notifications.
+        if (enabled && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (enabled) {
-            ensureIpServerStarted(iface);
+            ensureIpServerStartedForInterface(iface);
         } else {
             ensureIpServerStopped(iface);
         }
@@ -669,7 +704,7 @@
             final IIntResultListener listener) {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             final int type = request.getTetheringType();
-            final TetheringRequest unfinishedRequest = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type);
+            final TetheringRequest unfinishedRequest = mPendingTetheringRequests.get(type);
             // If tethering is already enabled with a different request,
             // disable before re-enabling.
             if (unfinishedRequest != null && !unfinishedRequest.equalsIgnoreUidPackage(request)) {
@@ -677,7 +712,7 @@
                         unfinishedRequest.getInterfaceName(), null);
                 mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
             }
-            mActiveTetheringRequests.put(type, request);
+            mPendingTetheringRequests.put(type, request);
 
             if (request.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck()) {
                 mEntitlementMgr.setExemptedDownstreamType(type);
@@ -695,8 +730,42 @@
             stopTetheringInternal(type);
         });
     }
+
+    private boolean isTetheringTypePendingOrServing(final int type) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mPendingTetheringRequests.size(); i++) {
+            if (mPendingTetheringRequests.valueAt(i).getTetheringType() == type) return true;
+        }
+        for (TetherState state : mTetherStates.values()) {
+            // TODO: isCurrentlyServing only starts returning true once the IpServer has processed
+            // the CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED. Ensure that we consider the request to be serving even when
+            // that has not happened yet.
+            if (state.isCurrentlyServing() && state.ipServer.interfaceType() == type) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void stopTetheringRequest(@NonNull final TetheringRequest request,
+            @NonNull final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        if (!isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled()) return;
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            final int type = request.getTetheringType();
+            if (isTetheringTypePendingOrServing(type)) {
+                stopTetheringInternal(type);
+                try {
+                    listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+                } catch (RemoteException ignored) { }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Request doesn't match any active requests, ignore.
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST);
+            } catch (RemoteException ignored) { }
+        });
+    }
+
     void stopTetheringInternal(int type) {
-        mActiveTetheringRequests.remove(type);
+        mPendingTetheringRequests.remove(type);
 
         enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null, null);
         mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
@@ -750,7 +819,7 @@
         // If changing tethering fail, remove corresponding request
         // no matter who trigger the start/stop.
         if (result != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
-            mActiveTetheringRequests.remove(type);
+            mPendingTetheringRequests.remove(type);
             mTetheringMetrics.updateErrorCode(type, result);
             mTetheringMetrics.sendReport(type);
         }
@@ -912,7 +981,9 @@
         public void onAvailable(String iface) {
             if (this != mBluetoothCallback) return;
 
-            enableIpServing(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, iface, getRequestedState(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH));
+            final TetheringRequest request =
+                    getOrCreatePendingTetheringRequest(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+            enableIpServing(request, iface);
             mConfiguredBluetoothIface = iface;
         }
 
@@ -967,7 +1038,9 @@
                 // Ethernet callback arrived after Ethernet tethering stopped. Ignore.
                 return;
             }
-            enableIpServing(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface, getRequestedState(TETHERING_ETHERNET));
+
+            final TetheringRequest request = getOrCreatePendingTetheringRequest(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+            enableIpServing(request, iface);
             mConfiguredEthernetIface = iface;
         }
 
@@ -988,10 +1061,8 @@
             } else {
                 mConfiguredVirtualIface = iface;
             }
-            enableIpServing(
-                    TETHERING_VIRTUAL,
-                    mConfiguredVirtualIface,
-                    getRequestedState(TETHERING_VIRTUAL));
+            final TetheringRequest request = getOrCreatePendingTetheringRequest(TETHERING_VIRTUAL);
+            enableIpServing(request, mConfiguredVirtualIface);
         } else if (mConfiguredVirtualIface != null) {
             ensureIpServerStopped(mConfiguredVirtualIface);
             mConfiguredVirtualIface = null;
@@ -999,32 +1070,121 @@
         return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    void tether(String iface, int requestedState, final IIntResultListener listener) {
-        mHandler.post(() -> {
-            switch (ifaceNameToType(iface)) {
-                case TETHERING_WIFI:
-                    TetheringStatsLog.write(
-                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
-                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI
-                    );
-                    break;
-                case TETHERING_WIFI_P2P:
-                    TetheringStatsLog.write(
-                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
-                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_P2P
-                    );
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    // Do nothing
-                    break;
-            }
-            try {
-                listener.onResult(tether(iface, requestedState));
-            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
-        });
+    /**
+     * Create a legacy tethering request for calls to the legacy tether() API, which doesn't take an
+     * explicit request. These are always CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, per historical behavior.
+     */
+    private TetheringRequest createLegacyGlobalScopeTetheringRequest(int type) {
+        final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type).build();
+        request.getParcel().requestType = TetheringRequest.REQUEST_TYPE_LEGACY;
+        request.getParcel().connectivityScope = CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+        return request;
     }
 
-    private int tether(String iface, int requestedState) {
+    /**
+     * Create a local-only implicit tethering request. This is used for Wifi local-only hotspot and
+     * Wifi P2P, which start tethering based on the WIFI_(AP/P2P)_STATE_CHANGED broadcasts.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private TetheringRequest createImplicitLocalOnlyTetheringRequest(int type) {
+        final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type).build();
+        request.getParcel().requestType = TetheringRequest.REQUEST_TYPE_IMPLICIT;
+        request.getParcel().connectivityScope = CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the TetheringRequest that #startTethering was called with but is waiting for the link
+     * layer event to indicate the interface is available to tether.
+     * Note: There are edge cases where the pending request is absent and we must temporarily
+     *       synthesize a placeholder request, such as if stopTethering was called before link layer
+     *       went up, or if the link layer goes up without us poking it (e.g. adb shell cmd wifi
+     *       start-softap). These placeholder requests only specify the tethering type and the
+     *       default connectivity scope.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private TetheringRequest getOrCreatePendingTetheringRequest(int type) {
+        TetheringRequest pending = mPendingTetheringRequests.get(type);
+        if (pending != null) return pending;
+
+        Log.w(TAG, "No pending TetheringRequest for type " + type + " found, creating a placeholder"
+                + " request");
+        TetheringRequest placeholder = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type).build();
+        placeholder.getParcel().requestType = REQUEST_TYPE_PLACEHOLDER;
+        return placeholder;
+    }
+
+    private void handleLegacyTether(String iface, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+            // After V, the TetheringManager and ConnectivityManager tether and untether methods
+            // throw UnsupportedOperationException, so this cannot happen in normal use. Ensure
+            // that this code cannot run even if callers use raw binder calls or other
+            // unsupported methods.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int type = ifaceNameToType(iface);
+        if (type == TETHERING_INVALID) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Ignoring call to legacy tether for unknown iface " + iface);
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        }
+
+        final TetheringRequest request = createLegacyGlobalScopeTetheringRequest(type);
+        int result = tetherInternal(request, iface);
+        switch (type) {
+            case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                TerribleErrorLog.logTerribleError(TetheringStatsLog::write,
+                        "Legacy tether API called on Wifi iface " + iface,
+                        CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                        CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI);
+                if (result == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                    TerribleErrorLog.logTerribleError(TetheringStatsLog::write,
+                            "Legacy tether API succeeded on Wifi iface " + iface,
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_SUCCESS);
+                }
+                break;
+            case TETHERING_WIFI_P2P:
+                TerribleErrorLog.logTerribleError(TetheringStatsLog::write,
+                        "Legacy tether API called on Wifi P2P iface " + iface,
+                        CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                        CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_P2P);
+                if (result == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                    TerribleErrorLog.logTerribleError(TetheringStatsLog::write,
+                            "Legacy tether API succeeded on Wifi P2P iface " + iface,
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_P2P_SUCCESS);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                // Do nothing
+                break;
+        }
+        try {
+            listener.onResult(result);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Legacy tether API that starts tethering with CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL on the given iface.
+     *
+     * This API relies on the IpServer having been started for the interface by
+     * processInterfaceStateChanged beforehand, which is only possible for
+     *     - WIGIG Pre-S
+     *     - BLUETOOTH Pre-T
+     *     - WIFI
+     *     - WIFI_P2P.
+     * Note that WIFI and WIFI_P2P already start tethering on their respective ifaces via
+     * WIFI_(AP/P2P_STATE_CHANGED broadcasts, which makes this API redundant for those types unless
+     * those broadcasts are disabled by OEM.
+     */
+    void legacyTether(String iface, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> handleLegacyTether(iface, listener));
+    }
+
+    private int tetherInternal(@NonNull TetheringRequest request, String iface) {
         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tethering " + iface);
         TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
         if (tetherState == null) {
@@ -1037,29 +1197,38 @@
             Log.e(TAG, "Tried to Tether an unavailable iface: " + iface + ", ignoring");
             return TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE;
         }
-        // NOTE: If a CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED message is already in the TISM's queue but not yet
+        // NOTE: If a CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED message is already in the IpServer's queue but not yet
         // processed, this will be a no-op and it will not return an error.
         //
         // This code cannot race with untether() because they both run on the handler thread.
-        final int type = tetherState.ipServer.interfaceType();
-        final TetheringRequest request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type, null);
-        if (request != null) {
-            mActiveTetheringRequests.delete(type);
+        mPendingTetheringRequests.remove(request.getTetheringType());
+        tetherState.ipServer.enable(request);
+        if (request.getRequestType() == REQUEST_TYPE_PLACEHOLDER) {
+            TerribleErrorLog.logTerribleError(TetheringStatsLog::write,
+                    "Started tethering with placeholder request: " + request,
+                    CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                    CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_TETHER_WITH_PLACEHOLDER_REQUEST);
         }
-        tetherState.ipServer.enable(requestedState, request);
         return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    void untether(String iface, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+    void legacyUntether(String iface, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+            // After V, the TetheringManager and ConnectivityManager tether and untether methods
+            // throw UnsupportedOperationException, so this cannot happen in normal use. Ensure
+            // that this code cannot run even if callers use raw binder calls or other
+            // unsupported methods.
+            return;
+        }
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             try {
-                listener.onResult(untether(iface));
+                listener.onResult(legacyUntetherInternal(iface));
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
             }
         });
     }
 
-    int untether(String iface) {
+    int legacyUntetherInternal(String iface) {
         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Untethering " + iface);
         TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
         if (tetherState == null) {
@@ -1074,7 +1243,7 @@
         return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    void untetherAll() {
+    void stopAllTethering() {
         stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
         stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
         stopTethering(TETHERING_USB);
@@ -1098,22 +1267,6 @@
         return mEntitlementMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(cfg);
     }
 
-    private int getRequestedState(int type) {
-        final TetheringRequest request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type);
-
-        // The request could have been deleted before we had a chance to complete it.
-        // If so, assume that the scope is the default scope for this tethering type.
-        // This likely doesn't matter - if the request has been deleted, then tethering is
-        // likely going to be stopped soon anyway.
-        final int connectivityScope = (request != null)
-                ? request.getConnectivityScope()
-                : TetheringRequest.getDefaultConnectivityScope(type);
-
-        return connectivityScope == CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL
-                ? IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY
-                : IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
-    }
-
     private int getServedUsbType(boolean forNcmFunction) {
         // TETHERING_NCM is only used if the device does not use NCM for regular USB tethering.
         if (forNcmFunction && !mConfig.isUsingNcm()) return TETHERING_NCM;
@@ -1244,7 +1397,7 @@
                 mLog.log("OBSERVED data saver changed");
                 handleDataSaverChanged();
             } else if (action.equals(TetheringNotificationUpdater.ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING)) {
-                untetherAll();
+                stopAllTethering();
             }
         }
 
@@ -1408,14 +1561,14 @@
 
             mDataSaverEnabled = isDataSaverEnabled;
             if (mDataSaverEnabled) {
-                untetherAll();
+                stopAllTethering();
             }
         }
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    SparseArray<TetheringRequest> getActiveTetheringRequests() {
-        return mActiveTetheringRequests;
+    SparseArray<TetheringRequest> getPendingTetheringRequests() {
+        return mPendingTetheringRequests;
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -1467,7 +1620,7 @@
                 mNotificationUpdater.notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction();
 
                 // Untether from all downstreams since tethering is disallowed.
-                mTethering.untetherAll();
+                mTethering.stopAllTethering();
             }
 
             return true;
@@ -1475,14 +1628,17 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void enableIpServing(int tetheringType, String ifname, int ipServingMode) {
-        enableIpServing(tetheringType, ifname, ipServingMode, false /* isNcm */);
+    final TetheringRequest getPendingTetheringRequest(int type) {
+        return mPendingTetheringRequests.get(type, null);
     }
 
-    private void enableIpServing(int tetheringType, String ifname, int ipServingMode,
-            boolean isNcm) {
-        ensureIpServerStarted(ifname, tetheringType, isNcm);
-        if (tether(ifname, ipServingMode) != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+    private void enableIpServing(@NonNull TetheringRequest request, String ifname) {
+        enableIpServing(request, ifname, false /* isNcm */);
+    }
+
+    private void enableIpServing(@NonNull TetheringRequest request, String ifname, boolean isNcm) {
+        ensureIpServerStartedForType(ifname, request.getTetheringType(), isNcm);
+        if (tetherInternal(request, ifname) != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
             Log.e(TAG, "unable start tethering on iface " + ifname);
         }
     }
@@ -1534,7 +1690,10 @@
             mLog.e(ifname + " is not a tetherable iface, ignoring");
             return;
         }
-        enableIpServing(type, ifname, IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        // No need to call getOrCreatePendingRequest. There can never be explicit requests for
+        // TETHERING_WIFI_P2P because enableTetheringInternal ignores that type.
+        final TetheringRequest request = createImplicitLocalOnlyTetheringRequest(type);
+        enableIpServing(request, ifname);
     }
 
     private void disableWifiP2pIpServingIfNeeded(String ifname) {
@@ -1544,17 +1703,54 @@
         disableWifiIpServingCommon(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, ifname);
     }
 
+    // TODO: fold this in to enableWifiIpServing.  We cannot do this at the moment because there
+    // are tests that send wifi AP broadcasts with a null interface. But if this can't happen on
+    // real devices, we should fix those tests to always pass in an interface.
+    private int maybeInferWifiTetheringType(String ifname) {
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() ? TETHERING_WIFI : ifaceNameToType(ifname);
+    }
+
     private void enableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int wifiIpMode) {
         mLog.log("request WiFi tethering - interface=" + ifname + " state=" + wifiIpMode);
 
         // Map wifiIpMode values to IpServer.Callback serving states.
-        final int ipServingMode;
+        TetheringRequest request;
+        final int type;
         switch (wifiIpMode) {
             case IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED:
-                ipServingMode = IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
+                type = maybeInferWifiTetheringType(ifname);
+                request = getOrCreatePendingTetheringRequest(type);
+                // Wifi requests will always have CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, because
+                // TetheringRequest.Builder will not allow callers to set CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL
+                // for TETHERING_WIFI. However, if maybeInferWifiTetheringType returns a non-Wifi
+                // type (which could happen on a pre-T implementation of Wi-Fi if the regexps are
+                // misconfigured), then force the connectivity scope to global in order to match the
+                // historical behavior.
+                request.getParcel().connectivityScope = CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
                 break;
             case IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY:
-                ipServingMode = IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+                type = maybeInferWifiTetheringType(ifname);
+                // BUG: this request is incorrect - instead of LOHS, it will reflect whatever
+                // request (if any) is being processed for TETHERING_WIFI. However, this is the
+                // historical behaviour. It mostly works because a) most of the time there is no
+                // such request b) tetherinternal doesn't look at the connectivity scope of the
+                // request, it takes the scope from requestedState.
+                request = getPendingTetheringRequest(type);
+                if (request == null) {
+                    request = createImplicitLocalOnlyTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI);
+                } else {
+                    // If we've taken this request from the pending requests, then force the
+                    // connectivity scope to local so we start IpServer in local-only mode (this
+                    // matches historical behavior). This should be OK since the connectivity scope
+                    // is only used to start IpServer in the correct mode.
+                    // TODO: This will break fuzzy-matching logic for start/stop tethering in the
+                    //       future. Figure out how to reconcile that with this forced scope.
+                    //       Possibly ignore the connectivity scope for wifi if both requests are
+                    //       explicit, since explicit Wifi requests may only have
+                    //       CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL. Or possibly, don't add any edge case and
+                    //       treat it as a different request entirely.
+                    request.getParcel().connectivityScope = CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+                }
                 break;
             default:
                 mLog.e("Cannot enable IP serving in unknown WiFi mode: " + wifiIpMode);
@@ -1563,14 +1759,13 @@
 
         // After T, tethering always trust the iface pass by state change intent. This allow
         // tethering to deprecate tetherable wifi regexs after T.
-        final int type = SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() ? TETHERING_WIFI : ifaceNameToType(ifname);
         if (!checkTetherableType(type)) {
             mLog.e(ifname + " is not a tetherable iface, ignoring");
             return;
         }
 
         if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(ifname)) {
-            enableIpServing(type, ifname, ipServingMode);
+            enableIpServing(request, ifname);
         } else {
             mLog.e("Cannot enable IP serving on missing interface name");
         }
@@ -1591,7 +1786,6 @@
         // for both TETHERING_USB and TETHERING_NCM, so the local-only NCM interface will be
         // stopped immediately.
         final int tetheringType = getServedUsbType(forNcmFunction);
-        final int requestedState = getRequestedState(tetheringType);
         String[] ifaces = null;
         try {
             ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
@@ -1600,10 +1794,11 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        final TetheringRequest request = getOrCreatePendingTetheringRequest(tetheringType);
         if (ifaces != null) {
             for (String iface : ifaces) {
                 if (ifaceNameToType(iface) == tetheringType) {
-                    enableIpServing(tetheringType, iface, requestedState, forNcmFunction);
+                    enableIpServing(request, iface, forNcmFunction);
                     return;
                 }
             }
@@ -2232,9 +2427,9 @@
                         break;
                     }
                     case EVENT_REQUEST_CHANGE_DOWNSTREAM: {
-                        final boolean enabled = message.arg1 == 1;
-                        final TetheringRequest request = (TetheringRequest) message.obj;
-                        enableTetheringInternal(request.getTetheringType(), enabled, null, null);
+                        final int tetheringType = message.arg1;
+                        final Boolean enabled = (Boolean) message.obj;
+                        enableTetheringInternal(tetheringType, enabled, null, null);
                         break;
                     }
                     default:
@@ -2812,9 +3007,9 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void requestEnableTethering(TetheringRequest request, boolean enabled) {
+        public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) {
             mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.EVENT_REQUEST_CHANGE_DOWNSTREAM,
-                    enabled ? 1 : 0, 0, request);
+                    tetheringType, 0, enabled ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2835,7 +3030,7 @@
         return type != TETHERING_INVALID;
     }
 
-    private void ensureIpServerStarted(final String iface) {
+    private void ensureIpServerStartedForInterface(final String iface) {
         // If we don't care about this type of interface, ignore.
         final int interfaceType = ifaceNameToType(iface);
         if (!checkTetherableType(interfaceType)) {
@@ -2844,10 +3039,11 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        ensureIpServerStarted(iface, interfaceType, false /* isNcm */);
+        ensureIpServerStartedForType(iface, interfaceType, false /* isNcm */);
     }
 
-    private void ensureIpServerStarted(final String iface, int interfaceType, boolean isNcm) {
+    private void ensureIpServerStartedForType(final String iface, int interfaceType,
+            boolean isNcm) {
         // If we have already started a TISM for this interface, skip.
         if (mTetherStates.containsKey(iface)) {
             mLog.log("active iface (" + iface + ") reported as added, ignoring");
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
index 0c44a38..b553f46 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
                 IIntResultListener listener) {
             if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
 
-            mTethering.tether(iface, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, listener);
+            mTethering.legacyTether(iface, listener);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
                 IIntResultListener listener) {
             if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
 
-            mTethering.untether(iface, listener);
+            mTethering.legacyUntether(iface, listener);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -159,6 +159,18 @@
         }
 
         @Override
+        public void stopTetheringRequest(TetheringRequest request,
+                String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+                IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (request == null) return;
+            if (listener == null) return;
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
+            request.setUid(getBinderCallingUid());
+            request.setPackageName(callerPkg);
+            mTethering.stopTetheringRequest(request, listener);
+        }
+
+        @Override
         public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int type, ResultReceiver receiver,
                 boolean showEntitlementUi, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag) {
             if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, receiver)) return;
@@ -200,7 +212,7 @@
             if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
 
             try {
-                mTethering.untetherAll();
+                mTethering.stopAllTethering();
                 listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
             } catch (RemoteException e) { }
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index 680e81d..84b301f 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
@@ -74,6 +73,7 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
 import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpEventCallbacks;
@@ -240,7 +240,8 @@
             Set<LinkAddress> upstreamAddresses, boolean usingLegacyDhcp, boolean usingBpfOffload)
             throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(interfaceType, usingLegacyDhcp, usingBpfOffload);
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL));
         verify(mBpfCoordinator).addIpServer(mIpServer);
         if (upstreamIface != null) {
             InterfaceParams interfaceParams = mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(upstreamIface);
@@ -345,7 +346,8 @@
     public void canBeTetheredAsBluetooth() throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
 
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL));
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         if (isAtLeastT()) {
             inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager)
@@ -400,7 +402,8 @@
     public void canBeTetheredAsUsb() throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_USB);
 
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL));
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(),
                 eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL), any());
@@ -423,7 +426,8 @@
     public void canBeTetheredAsWifiP2p_NotUsingDedicatedIp() throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
 
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL));
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(),
                 eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL), any());
@@ -447,7 +451,8 @@
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, false /* usingLegacyDhcp */, DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD,
                 true /* shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp */);
 
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL));
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         // When using WiFi P2p dedicated IP, the IpServer just picks the IP address without
         // requesting for it at RoutingCoordinatorManager.
@@ -627,7 +632,8 @@
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_USB);
 
         doThrow(RemoteException.class).when(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL));
         InOrder usbTeardownOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback);
         usbTeardownOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(
                 argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
@@ -713,7 +719,8 @@
     @Test
     public void startsDhcpServerOnNcm() throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_NCM);
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL));
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
 
         assertDhcpStarted(new IpPrefix("192.168.42.0/24"));
@@ -722,7 +729,8 @@
     @Test
     public void testOnNewPrefixRequest() throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_NCM);
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL));
 
         final IDhcpEventCallbacks eventCallbacks;
         final ArgumentCaptor<IDhcpEventCallbacks> dhcpEventCbsCaptor =
@@ -911,7 +919,8 @@
         doNothing().when(mDependencies).makeDhcpServer(any(), mDhcpParamsCaptor.capture(),
                 cbCaptor.capture());
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI);
-        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, 0, 0,
+                createMockTetheringRequest(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL));
         verify(mDhcpServer, never()).startWithCallbacks(any(), any());
 
         // No stop dhcp server because dhcp server is not created yet.
@@ -957,14 +966,22 @@
         assertDhcpServingParams(mDhcpParamsCaptor.getValue(), expectedPrefix);
     }
 
+    private TetheringRequest createMockTetheringRequest(int connectivityScope) {
+        TetheringRequest request = mock(TetheringRequest.class);
+        when(request.getConnectivityScope()).thenReturn(connectivityScope);
+        return request;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Send a command to the state machine under test, and run the event loop to idle.
      *
      * @param command One of the IpServer.CMD_* constants.
-     * @param arg1 An additional argument to pass.
+     * @param arg1    An additional argument to pass.
+     * @param arg2    An additional argument to pass.
+     * @param obj     An additional object to pass.
      */
-    private void dispatchCommand(int command, int arg1) {
-        mIpServer.sendMessage(command, arg1);
+    private void dispatchCommand(int command, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj) {
+        mIpServer.sendMessage(command, arg1, arg2, obj);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
index c329142..f9e3a6a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -186,9 +186,11 @@
         // - Test bluetooth prefix is reserved.
         when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
                 getSubAddress(mBluetoothAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
-        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer);
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(hotspotAddress);
         assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), hotspotPrefix);
+        releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
 
         // - Test previous enabled hotspot prefix(cached prefix) is reserved.
         when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
@@ -207,7 +209,6 @@
         assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress), etherPrefix);
         assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), etherPrefix);
         assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, etherPrefix);
-        releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
         releaseDownstream(mEthernetIpServer);
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
index cc80251..b550ada 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
-import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@
         mTetheringConnector.tether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringAllowed();
-        verify(mTethering).tether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, result);
+        verify(mTethering).legacyTether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, result);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -267,7 +266,7 @@
                 result);
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringAllowed();
-        verify(mTethering).untether(eq(TEST_IFACE_NAME), eq(result));
+        verify(mTethering).legacyUntether(eq(TEST_IFACE_NAME), eq(result));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -661,7 +660,7 @@
         mTetheringConnector.stopAllTethering(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
         verify(mTethering).isTetheringAllowed();
-        verify(mTethering).untetherAll();
+        verify(mTethering).stopAllTethering();
         result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 97758cf..f7a44f1 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -933,11 +933,18 @@
         // it creates a IpServer and sends out a broadcast indicating that the
         // interface is "available".
         if (emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) {
-            // There is 1 IpServer state change event: STATE_AVAILABLE
-            verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
-            verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
-            verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
-                    TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+            if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastB()) {
+                // There is 1 IpServer state change event: STATE_AVAILABLE
+                verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+                verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+                verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                        TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+            } else {
+                // Starting in B, ignore the interfaceStatusChanged
+                verify(mNotificationUpdater, never()).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+                verify(mWifiManager, never()).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                        TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+            }
         }
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
@@ -957,8 +964,8 @@
         mTethering.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
 
-        assertEquals(1, mTethering.getActiveTetheringRequests().size());
-        assertEquals(request, mTethering.getActiveTetheringRequests().get(TETHERING_USB));
+        assertEquals(1, mTethering.getPendingTetheringRequests().size());
+        assertEquals(request, mTethering.getPendingTetheringRequests().get(TETHERING_USB));
 
         if (mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().isUsingNcm()) {
             verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
@@ -1934,7 +1941,6 @@
         workingLocalOnlyHotspotEnrichedApBroadcast(false);
     }
 
-    // TODO: Test with and without interfaceStatusChanged().
     @Test
     public void failingWifiTetheringLegacyApBroadcast() throws Exception {
         initTetheringOnTestThread();
@@ -1953,12 +1959,20 @@
         // tethering mode is to be started.
         mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
         sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
 
-        // There is 1 IpServer state change event: STATE_AVAILABLE
-        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
-        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
-        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
-                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastB()) {
+            // There is 1 IpServer state change event: STATE_AVAILABLE from interfaceStatusChanged
+            verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+            verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+            verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                    TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        } else {
+            // Starting in B, ignore the interfaceStatusChanged
+            verify(mNotificationUpdater, never()).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+            verify(mWifiManager, never()).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                    TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        }
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
     }
@@ -2098,7 +2112,7 @@
 
         verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification))
                 .notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction();
-        verify(mockTethering, times(expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification)).untetherAll();
+        verify(mockTethering, times(expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification)).stopAllTethering();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -2170,7 +2184,7 @@
         runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
         assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
         assertTrue(mTethering.isTetheringActive());
-        assertEquals(0, mTethering.getActiveTetheringRequests().size());
+        assertEquals(0, mTethering.getPendingTetheringRequests().size());
 
         final Tethering.UserRestrictionActionListener ural = makeUserRestrictionActionListener(
                 mTethering, false /* currentDisallow */, true /* nextDisallow */);
@@ -2361,14 +2375,19 @@
         UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
         when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(null)).thenReturn(true);
-        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
-        assertArrayEquals(tetherState.availableList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
 
         mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI), TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                 null);
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastB()) {
+            // Starting in B, ignore the interfaceStatusChanged
+            callback.assertNoStateChangeCallback();
+        }
         sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
+        assertArrayEquals(tetherState.availableList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
         tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
         assertArrayEquals(tetherState.tetheredList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
         callback.expectUpstreamChanged(upstreamState.network);
@@ -2459,19 +2478,25 @@
         UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
         when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(null)).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Enable wifi tethering
+        mBinderCallingUid = TEST_CALLER_UID;
+        mTethering.startTethering(tetheringRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastB()) {
+            // Starting in B, ignore the interfaceStatusChanged
+            callback.assertNoStateChangeCallback();
+        }
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Verify we see  Available -> Tethered states
         assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
                 callback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
         assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
                 differentCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
         assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
                 settingsCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
-
-        // Enable wifi tethering
-        mBinderCallingUid = TEST_CALLER_UID;
-        mTethering.startTethering(tetheringRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
-        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
         assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithConfig},
                 callback.pollTetherStatesChanged().tetheredList);
         assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
@@ -3426,7 +3451,7 @@
         mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, false);
         mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, true);
         final ResultListener tetherResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
-        mTethering.tether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, tetherResult);
+        mTethering.legacyTether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, tetherResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         tetherResult.assertHasResult();
 
@@ -3446,7 +3471,7 @@
         mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         final ResultListener untetherResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
-        mTethering.untether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, untetherResult);
+        mTethering.legacyUntether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, untetherResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         untetherResult.assertHasResult();
         verifySetBluetoothTethering(false /* enable */, false /* bindToPanService */);
@@ -3476,7 +3501,7 @@
             mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, false);
             mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, true);
             final ResultListener tetherResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
-            mTethering.tether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, tetherResult);
+            mTethering.legacyTether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, tetherResult);
             mLooper.dispatchAll();
             tetherResult.assertHasResult();
         }
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h
index e6cef89..26d8ad5 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h
@@ -170,6 +170,9 @@
 // IPv6 extension headers (HOPOPTS, DSTOPS, FRAG) begin with a u8 nexthdr
 #define BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_V6EXTHDR_NEXTHDR BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_L4_U8(0)
 
+// IPv6 MLD start with u8 type
+#define BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_MLD_TYPE BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_L4_U8(0)
+
 // IPv6 fragment header is always exactly 8 bytes long
 #define BPF_LOAD_CONSTANT_V6FRAGHDR_LEN \
     BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_IMM, 8)
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h
index 1037beb..576cca6 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfMap.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
 #include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
 
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <functional>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -35,6 +36,30 @@
 using base::unique_fd;
 using std::function;
 
+#ifdef BPF_MAP_MAKE_VISIBLE_FOR_TESTING
+#undef BPFMAP_VERBOSE_ABORT
+#define BPFMAP_VERBOSE_ABORT
+#endif
+
+[[noreturn]] __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 2, 3))) static inline
+void Abort(int __unused error, const char* __unused fmt, ...) {
+#ifdef BPFMAP_VERBOSE_ABORT
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, fmt);
+
+    fflush(stdout);
+    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, va);
+    if (error) fprintf(stderr, "; errno=%d [%s]", error, strerror(error));
+    putc('\n', stderr);
+    fflush(stderr);
+
+    va_end(va);
+#endif
+
+    abort();
+}
+
+
 // This is a class wrapper for eBPF maps. The eBPF map is a special in-kernel
 // data structure that stores data in <Key, Value> pairs. It can be read/write
 // from userspace by passing syscalls with the map file descriptor. This class
@@ -60,14 +85,21 @@
 
   protected:
     void abortOnMismatch(bool writable) const {
-        if (!mMapFd.ok()) abort();
+        if (!mMapFd.ok()) Abort(errno, "mMapFd %d is not valid", mMapFd.get());
         if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
             int flags = bpfGetFdMapFlags(mMapFd);
-            if (flags < 0) abort();
-            if (flags & BPF_F_WRONLY) abort();
-            if (writable && (flags & BPF_F_RDONLY)) abort();
-            if (bpfGetFdKeySize(mMapFd) != sizeof(Key)) abort();
-            if (bpfGetFdValueSize(mMapFd) != sizeof(Value)) abort();
+            if (flags < 0) Abort(errno, "bpfGetFdMapFlags fail: flags=%d", flags);
+            if (flags & BPF_F_WRONLY) Abort(0, "map is write-only (flags=0x%X)", flags);
+            if (writable && (flags & BPF_F_RDONLY))
+                Abort(0, "writable map is actually read-only (flags=0x%X)", flags);
+            int keySize = bpfGetFdKeySize(mMapFd);
+            if (keySize != sizeof(Key))
+                Abort(errno, "map key size mismatch (expected=%zu, actual=%d)",
+                      sizeof(Key), keySize);
+            int valueSize = bpfGetFdValueSize(mMapFd);
+            if (valueSize != sizeof(Value))
+                Abort(errno, "map value size mismatch (expected=%zu, actual=%d)",
+                      sizeof(Value), valueSize);
         }
     }
 
@@ -278,8 +310,8 @@
     [[clang::reinitializes]] Result<void> resetMap(bpf_map_type map_type,
                                                    uint32_t max_entries,
                                                    uint32_t map_flags = 0) {
-        if (map_flags & BPF_F_WRONLY) abort();
-        if (map_flags & BPF_F_RDONLY) abort();
+        if (map_flags & BPF_F_WRONLY) Abort(0, "map_flags is write-only");
+        if (map_flags & BPF_F_RDONLY) Abort(0, "map_flags is read-only");
         mMapFd.reset(createMap(map_type, sizeof(Key), sizeof(Value), max_entries,
                                map_flags));
         if (!mMapFd.ok()) return ErrnoErrorf("BpfMap::resetMap() failed");
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfUtils.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfUtils.h
index 9dd5822..9e8b2c7 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfUtils.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfUtils.h
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@
     // 4.9 kernels. The kernel code of socket release on pf_key socket will
     // explicitly call synchronize_rcu() which is exactly what we need.
     //
-    // Linux 4.14/4.19/5.4/5.10/5.15/6.1 (and 6.3-rc5) still have this same behaviour.
+    // Linux 4.14/4.19/5.4/5.10/5.15/6.1/6.6/6.12 (& 6.13) have this behaviour.
     // see net/key/af_key.c: pfkey_release() -> synchronize_rcu()
-    // https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/net/key/af_key.c?h=v6.3-rc5#n185
+    // https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/net/key/af_key.c?h=v6.13#n185
     const int pfSocket = socket(AF_KEY, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, PF_KEY_V2);
 
     if (pfSocket < 0) {
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h
index b994a9f..6a0e5a8 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
 // Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android V (sdk=35)
 #define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_QPR3_VERSION + 1u)
 
-// Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android W (sdk=36)
-#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_W_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION + 1u)
+// Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android 25Q2 (sdk=36)
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION + 1u)
 
 /* For mainline module use, you can #define BPFLOADER_{MIN/MAX}_VER
  * before #include "bpf_helpers.h" to change which bpfloaders will
@@ -122,28 +122,46 @@
  */
 #define CRITICAL(REASON) char _critical[] SECTION("critical") = (REASON)
 
-/*
- * Helper functions called from eBPF programs written in C. These are
- * implemented in the kernel sources.
- */
+// Helpers for writing kernel version specific bpf programs
 
 struct kver_uint { unsigned int kver; };
 #define KVER_(v) ((struct kver_uint){ .kver = (v) })
 #define KVER(a, b, c) KVER_(((a) << 24) + ((b) << 16) + (c))
 #define KVER_NONE KVER_(0)
+#define KVER_4_9  KVER(4, 9, 0)
 #define KVER_4_14 KVER(4, 14, 0)
 #define KVER_4_19 KVER(4, 19, 0)
 #define KVER_5_4  KVER(5, 4, 0)
-#define KVER_5_8  KVER(5, 8, 0)
-#define KVER_5_9  KVER(5, 9, 0)
 #define KVER_5_10 KVER(5, 10, 0)
 #define KVER_5_15 KVER(5, 15, 0)
 #define KVER_6_1  KVER(6, 1, 0)
 #define KVER_6_6  KVER(6, 6, 0)
+#define KVER_6_12 KVER(6, 12, 0)
 #define KVER_INF KVER_(0xFFFFFFFFu)
 
 #define KVER_IS_AT_LEAST(kver, a, b, c) ((kver).kver >= KVER(a, b, c).kver)
 
+// Helpers for writing sdk level specific bpf programs
+//
+// Note: we choose to follow sdk api level values, but there is no real need for this:
+// These just need to be monotonically increasing.  We could also use values ten or even
+// a hundred times larger to leave room for quarters or months.  We may also just use
+// dates or something (2502 or 202506 for 25Q2) or even the mainline bpfloader version...
+// For now this easily suffices for our use case.
+
+struct sdk_level_uint { unsigned int sdk_level; };
+#define SDK_LEVEL_(v) ((struct sdk_level_uint){ .sdk_level = (v) })
+#define SDK_LEVEL_NONE SDK_LEVEL_(0)
+#define SDK_LEVEL_S    SDK_LEVEL_(31) // Android 12
+#define SDK_LEVEL_Sv2  SDK_LEVEL_(32) // Android 12L
+#define SDK_LEVEL_T    SDK_LEVEL_(33) // Android 13
+#define SDK_LEVEL_U    SDK_LEVEL_(34) // Android 14
+#define SDK_LEVEL_V    SDK_LEVEL_(35) // Android 15
+#define SDK_LEVEL_24Q3 SDK_LEVEL_V
+#define SDK_LEVEL_25Q2 SDK_LEVEL_(36) // Android 16
+
+#define SDK_LEVEL_IS_AT_LEAST(lvl, v) ((lvl).sdk_level >= (SDK_LEVEL_##v).sdk_level)
+
 /*
  * BPFFS (ie. /sys/fs/bpf) labelling is as follows:
  *   subdirectory   selinux context      mainline  usecase / usable by
@@ -168,6 +186,11 @@
  * See cs/p:aosp-master%20-file:prebuilts/%20file:genfs_contexts%20"genfscon%20bpf"
  */
 
+/*
+ * Helper functions called from eBPF programs written in C. These are
+ * implemented in the kernel sources.
+ */
+
 /* generic functions */
 
 /*
@@ -231,16 +254,24 @@
               (ignore_userdebug).ignore_on_userdebug),                                   \
         "bpfloader min version must be >= 0.33 in order to use ignored_on");
 
+#define ABSOLUTE(x) ((x) < 0 ? -(x) : (x))
+
+#define DEFAULT_BPF_MAP_FLAGS(type, num_entries, mapflags)    \
+    ( (mapflags) |                                            \
+      ((num_entries) < 0 ? BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC : 0) |           \
+      (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE ? BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC : 0) \
+    )
+
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP_BASE(the_map, TYPE, keysize, valuesize, num_entries, \
                             usr, grp, md, selinux, pindir, share, minkver,  \
                             maxkver, minloader, maxloader, ignore_eng,      \
-                            ignore_user, ignore_userdebug)                  \
+                            ignore_user, ignore_userdebug, mapflags)        \
     const struct bpf_map_def SECTION("maps") the_map = {                    \
         .type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_##TYPE,                                        \
         .key_size = (keysize),                                              \
         .value_size = (valuesize),                                          \
-        .max_entries = (num_entries),                                       \
-        .map_flags = 0,                                                     \
+        .max_entries = ABSOLUTE(num_entries),                               \
+        .map_flags = DEFAULT_BPF_MAP_FLAGS(BPF_MAP_TYPE_##TYPE, num_entries, mapflags), \
         .uid = (usr),                                                       \
         .gid = (grp),                                                       \
         .mode = (md),                                                       \
@@ -260,16 +291,17 @@
 // Type safe macro to declare a ring buffer and related output functions.
 // Compatibility:
 // * BPF ring buffers are only available kernels 5.8 and above. Any program
-//   accessing the ring buffer should set a program level min_kver >= 5.8.
-// * The definition below sets a map min_kver of 5.8 which requires targeting
+//   accessing the ring buffer should set a program level min_kver >= 5.10,
+//   since 5.10 is the next LTS version.
+// * The definition below sets a map min_kver of 5.10 which requires targeting
 //   a BPFLOADER_MIN_VER >= BPFLOADER_S_VERSION.
 #define DEFINE_BPF_RINGBUF_EXT(the_map, ValueType, size_bytes, usr, grp, md,   \
                                selinux, pindir, share, min_loader, max_loader, \
                                ignore_eng, ignore_user, ignore_userdebug)      \
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_BASE(the_map, RINGBUF, 0, 0, size_bytes, usr, grp, md,      \
-                        selinux, pindir, share, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,            \
+                        selinux, pindir, share, KVER_5_10, KVER_INF,           \
                         min_loader, max_loader, ignore_eng, ignore_user,       \
-                        ignore_userdebug);                                     \
+                        ignore_userdebug, 0);                                  \
                                                                                \
     _Static_assert((size_bytes) >= 4096, "min 4 kiB ringbuffer size");         \
     _Static_assert((size_bytes) <= 0x10000000, "max 256 MiB ringbuffer size"); \
@@ -317,11 +349,11 @@
 /* type safe macro to declare a map and related accessor functions */
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries, usr, grp, md,         \
                            selinux, pindir, share, min_loader, max_loader, ignore_eng,           \
-                           ignore_user, ignore_userdebug)                                        \
+                           ignore_user, ignore_userdebug, mapFlags)                              \
   DEFINE_BPF_MAP_BASE(the_map, TYPE, sizeof(KeyType), sizeof(ValueType),                         \
                       num_entries, usr, grp, md, selinux, pindir, share,                         \
                       KVER_NONE, KVER_INF, min_loader, max_loader,                               \
-                      ignore_eng, ignore_user, ignore_userdebug);                                \
+                      ignore_eng, ignore_user, ignore_userdebug, mapFlags);                      \
     BPF_MAP_ASSERT_OK(BPF_MAP_TYPE_##TYPE, (num_entries), (md));                                 \
     _Static_assert(sizeof(KeyType) < 1024, "aosp/2370288 requires < 1024 byte keys");            \
     _Static_assert(sizeof(ValueType) < 65536, "aosp/2370288 requires < 65536 byte values");      \
@@ -359,13 +391,13 @@
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP_KERNEL_INTERNAL(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries)           \
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT,       \
                        0000, "fs_bpf_loader", "", PRIVATE, BPFLOADER_MIN_VER, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, \
-                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG, 0)
 
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP_UGM(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries, usr, grp, md) \
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries, usr, grp, md,     \
                        DEFAULT_BPF_MAP_SELINUX_CONTEXT, DEFAULT_BPF_MAP_PIN_SUBDIR,      \
                        PRIVATE, BPFLOADER_MIN_VER, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER,                    \
-                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG, 0)
 
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries) \
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_UGM(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries, \
@@ -387,6 +419,22 @@
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_UGM(the_map, TYPE, KeyType, ValueType, num_entries, \
                        DEFAULT_BPF_MAP_UID, gid, 0660)
 
+// idea from Linux include/linux/compiler_types.h (eBPF is always a 64-bit arch)
+#define NATIVE_WORD(t) ((sizeof(t) == 1) || (sizeof(t) == 2) || (sizeof(t) == 4) || (sizeof(t) == 8))
+
+// simplified from Linux include/asm-generic/rwonce.h
+#define READ_ONCE(x) \
+  ({ \
+    _Static_assert(NATIVE_WORD(x), "READ_ONCE requires a native word size"); \
+    (*(const volatile typeof(x) *)&(x)) \
+  })
+
+#define WRITE_ONCE(x, value) \
+  do { \
+    _Static_assert(NATIVE_WORD(x), "WRITE_ONCE requires a native word size"); \
+    *(volatile typeof(x) *)&(x) = (value); \
+  } while (0)
+
 // LLVM eBPF builtins: they directly generate BPF_LD_ABS/BPF_LD_IND (skb may be ignored?)
 unsigned long long load_byte(void* skb, unsigned long long off) asm("llvm.bpf.load.byte");
 unsigned long long load_half(void* skb, unsigned long long off) asm("llvm.bpf.load.half");
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf_map_def.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf_map_def.h
index 2d6736c..d67da48 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf_map_def.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf_map_def.h
@@ -94,6 +94,10 @@
 _Static_assert(_Alignof(enum bpf_map_type) == 4, "_Alignof enum bpf_map_type != 4");
 
 // Linux kernel requires sizeof(int) == 4, sizeof(void*) == sizeof(long), sizeof(long long) == 8
+_Static_assert(sizeof(int) == 4, "sizeof int != 4");
+_Static_assert(__alignof__(int) == 4, "__alignof__ int != 4");
+_Static_assert(_Alignof(int) == 4, "_Alignof int != 4");
+
 _Static_assert(sizeof(unsigned int) == 4, "sizeof unsigned int != 4");
 _Static_assert(__alignof__(unsigned int) == 4, "__alignof__ unsigned int != 4");
 _Static_assert(_Alignof(unsigned int) == 4, "_Alignof unsigned int != 4");
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@
     enum bpf_map_type type;
     unsigned int key_size;
     unsigned int value_size;
-    unsigned int max_entries;
+    int max_entries;  // negative means BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC, but *might* not work with S
     unsigned int map_flags;
 
     // The following are not supported by the Android bpfloader:
diff --git a/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index ce144a7..04d7492 100644
--- a/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -616,9 +616,6 @@
     if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP || type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH)
         desired_map_flags |= BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG;
 
-    if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE)
-        desired_map_flags |= BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC;
-
     // The .h file enforces that this is a power of two, and page size will
     // also always be a power of two, so this logic is actually enough to
     // force it to be a multiple of the page size, as required by the kernel.
@@ -732,6 +729,12 @@
         }
 
         enum bpf_map_type type = md[i].type;
+        if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+            // On Linux Kernels older than 4.14 this map type doesn't exist - autoskip.
+            ALOGD("skipping LPM_TRIE map %s - requires kver 4.14+", mapNames[i].c_str());
+            mapFds.push_back(unique_fd());
+            continue;
+        }
         if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
             // On Linux Kernels older than 4.14 this map type doesn't exist, but it can kind
             // of be approximated: ARRAY has the same userspace api, though it is not usable
@@ -794,7 +797,7 @@
               .key_size = md[i].key_size,
               .value_size = md[i].value_size,
               .max_entries = max_entries,
-              .map_flags = md[i].map_flags | (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE ? BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC : 0),
+              .map_flags = md[i].map_flags,
             };
             if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 15, 0))
                 strlcpy(req.map_name, mapNames[i].c_str(), sizeof(req.map_name));
@@ -1409,17 +1412,15 @@
     //
     // Also note that 'android_get_device_api_level()' is what the
     //   //system/core/init/apex_init_util.cpp
-    // apex init .XXrc parsing code uses for XX filtering.
-    //
-    // That code has a hack to bump <35 to 35 (to force aosp/main to parse .35rc),
-    // but could (should?) perhaps be adjusted to match this.
-    const int effective_api_level = android_get_device_api_level() + (int)unreleased;
-    const bool isAtLeastT = (effective_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_T__);
-    const bool isAtLeastU = (effective_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_U__);
-    const bool isAtLeastV = (effective_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_V__);
-    const bool isAtLeastW = (effective_api_level >  __ANDROID_API_V__);  // TODO: switch to W
+    // apex init .XXrc parsing code uses for XX filtering, and that code
+    // (now) similarly uses __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__ for non 'REL' codenames.
+    const int api_level = unreleased ? __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__ : android_get_device_api_level();
+    const bool isAtLeastT = (api_level >= __ANDROID_API_T__);
+    const bool isAtLeastU = (api_level >= __ANDROID_API_U__);
+    const bool isAtLeastV = (api_level >= __ANDROID_API_V__);
+    const bool isAtLeast25Q2 = (api_level > __ANDROID_API_V__);  // TODO: fix >
 
-    const int first_api_level = GetIntProperty("ro.board.first_api_level", effective_api_level);
+    const int first_api_level = GetIntProperty("ro.board.first_api_level", api_level);
 
     // last in U QPR2 beta1
     const bool has_platform_bpfloader_rc = exists("/system/etc/init/bpfloader.rc");
@@ -1432,10 +1433,10 @@
     if (isAtLeastU) ++bpfloader_ver;     // [44] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION
     if (runningAsRoot) ++bpfloader_ver;  // [45] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_QPR3_VERSION
     if (isAtLeastV) ++bpfloader_ver;     // [46] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION
-    if (isAtLeastW) ++bpfloader_ver;     // [47] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_W_VERSION
+    if (isAtLeast25Q2) ++bpfloader_ver;  // [47] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION
 
     ALOGI("NetBpfLoad v0.%u (%s) api:%d/%d kver:%07x (%s) uid:%d rc:%d%d",
-          bpfloader_ver, argv[0], android_get_device_api_level(), effective_api_level,
+          bpfloader_ver, argv[0], android_get_device_api_level(), api_level,
           kernelVersion(), describeArch(), getuid(),
           has_platform_bpfloader_rc, has_platform_netbpfload_rc);
 
@@ -1475,6 +1476,13 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
+    // 25Q2 bumps the kernel requirement up to 5.4
+    // see also: //system/netd/tests/kernel_test.cpp TestKernel54
+    if (isAtLeast25Q2 && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
+        ALOGE("Android 25Q2 requires kernel 5.4.");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     // Technically already required by U, but only enforce on V+
     // see also: //system/netd/tests/kernel_test.cpp TestKernel64Bit
     if (isAtLeastV && isKernel32Bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 16, 0)) {
@@ -1498,13 +1506,13 @@
         bool bad = false;
 
         if (!isLtsKernel()) {
-            ALOGW("Android V only supports LTS kernels.");
+            ALOGW("Android V+ only supports LTS kernels.");
             bad = true;
         }
 
 #define REQUIRE(maj, min, sub) \
         if (isKernelVersion(maj, min) && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(maj, min, sub)) { \
-            ALOGW("Android V requires %d.%d kernel to be %d.%d.%d+.", maj, min, maj, min, sub); \
+            ALOGW("Android V+ requires %d.%d kernel to be %d.%d.%d+.", maj, min, maj, min, sub); \
             bad = true; \
         }
 
diff --git a/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index 340acda..6af7228 100644
--- a/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 using base::unique_fd;
 using base::WaitForProperty;
 using bpf::getSocketCookie;
+using bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion;
+using bpf::queryProgram;
 using bpf::retrieveProgram;
 using netdutils::Status;
 using netdutils::statusFromErrno;
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@
     if (!cgroupProg.ok()) {
         return statusFromErrno(errno, fmt::format("Failed to get program from {}", programPath));
     }
-    if (android::bpf::attachProgram(type, cgroupProg, cgroupFd)) {
+    if (bpf::attachProgram(type, cgroupProg, cgroupFd)) {
         return statusFromErrno(errno, fmt::format("Program {} attach failed", programPath));
     }
     return netdutils::status::ok;
@@ -70,6 +72,13 @@
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
 
+// Checks if the device is running on release version of Android 25Q2 or newer.
+static bool isAtLeast25Q2() {
+    return android_get_device_api_level() >= 36 ||
+           (android_get_device_api_level() == 35 &&
+            modules::sdklevel::detail::IsAtLeastPreReleaseCodename("Baklava"));
+}
+
 static Status initPrograms(const char* cg2_path) {
     if (!cg2_path) return Status("cg2_path is NULL");
 
@@ -77,12 +86,12 @@
     if (!modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) return Status("S- platform is unsupported");
 
     // S requires eBPF support which was only added in 4.9, so this should be satisfied.
-    if (!bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0)) {
+    if (!isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0)) {
         return Status("kernel version < 4.9.0 is unsupported");
     }
 
     // U bumps the kernel requirement up to 4.14
-    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU() && !bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU() && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
         return Status("U+ platform with kernel version < 4.14.0 is unsupported");
     }
 
@@ -91,13 +100,19 @@
         return Status("U+ platform with cg2_path != /sys/fs/cgroup is unsupported");
     }
 
-    unique_fd cg_fd(open(cg2_path, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (!cg_fd.ok()) {
-        const int err = errno;
-        ALOGE("Failed to open the cgroup directory: %s", strerror(err));
-        return statusFromErrno(err, "Open the cgroup directory failed");
+    // V bumps the kernel requirement up to 4.19
+    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+        return Status("V+ platform with kernel version < 4.19.0 is unsupported");
     }
 
+    // 25Q2 bumps the kernel requirement up to 5.4
+    if (isAtLeast25Q2() && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
+        return Status("25Q2+ platform with kernel version < 5.4.0 is unsupported");
+    }
+
+    unique_fd cg_fd(open(cg2_path, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    if (!cg_fd.ok()) return statusFromErrno(errno, "Opening cgroup dir failed");
+
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_ALLOWLIST_PROG_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_DENYLIST_PROG_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_EGRESS_PROG_PATH));
@@ -110,12 +125,12 @@
     // cgroup if the program is pinned properly.
     // TODO: delete the if statement once all devices should support cgroup
     // socket filter (ie. the minimum kernel version required is 4.14).
-    if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
         RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_INET_CREATE_PROG_PATH,
                                     cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE));
     }
 
-    if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
         RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_INET_RELEASE_PROG_PATH,
                                     cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE));
     }
@@ -123,7 +138,7 @@
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
         // V requires 4.19+, so technically this 2nd 'if' is not required, but it
         // doesn't hurt us to try to support AOSP forks that try to support older kernels.
-        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+        if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT4_PROG_PATH,
                                         cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT));
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT6_PROG_PATH,
@@ -138,7 +153,7 @@
                                         cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG));
         }
 
-        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
+        if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH,
                                         cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT));
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH,
@@ -146,7 +161,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
         RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_BIND4_PROG_PATH,
                 cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND));
         RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_BIND6_PROG_PATH,
@@ -154,32 +169,32 @@
 
         // This should trivially pass, since we just attached up above,
         // but BPF_PROG_QUERY is only implemented on 4.19+ kernels.
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND) <= 0) abort();
+        if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS) <= 0) abort();
+        if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS) <= 0) abort();
+        if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE) <= 0) abort();
+        if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND) <= 0) abort();
+        if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND) <= 0) abort();
     }
 
-    if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE) <= 0) abort();
+    if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
+        if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE) <= 0) abort();
     }
 
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
         // V requires 4.19+, so technically this 2nd 'if' is not required, but it
         // doesn't hurt us to try to support AOSP forks that try to support older kernels.
-        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
         }
 
-        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
-            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
+        if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
+            if (queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
         }
     }
 
@@ -219,7 +234,7 @@
         // but there could be platform provided (xt_)bpf programs that oem/vendor
         // modified netd (which calls us during init) depends on...
         ALOGI("Waiting for platform BPF programs");
-        android::bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
+        bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
     }
 
     if (!mainlineNetBpfLoadDone()) {
@@ -257,6 +272,16 @@
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initPrograms(cg2_path));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initMaps());
 
+    if (android_get_device_api_level() > __ANDROID_API_V__) {
+        // make sure netd can create & write maps.  sepolicy is V+, but enough to enforce on 25Q2+
+        int key = 1;
+        int value = 123;
+        unique_fd map(bpf::createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(key), sizeof(value), 2, 0));
+        if (!map.ok()) return statusFromErrno(errno, fmt::format("map create failed"));
+        int rv = bpf::writeToMapEntry(map, &key, &value, BPF_ANY);
+        if (rv) return statusFromErrno(errno, fmt::format("map write failed (rv={})", rv));
+    }
+
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
 
@@ -283,7 +308,7 @@
 
 Status BpfHandler::initMaps() {
     // bpfLock() requires bpfGetFdMapId which is only available on 4.14+ kernels.
-    if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+    if (isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
         mapLockTest();
     }
 
@@ -337,7 +362,7 @@
         return -errno;
     }
     if (socketFamily != AF_INET && socketFamily != AF_INET6) {
-        ALOGE("Unsupported family: %d", socketFamily);
+        ALOGV("Unsupported family: %d", socketFamily);
         return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
     }
 
@@ -348,7 +373,7 @@
         return -errno;
     }
     if (socketProto != IPPROTO_UDP && socketProto != IPPROTO_TCP) {
-        ALOGE("Unsupported protocol: %d", socketProto);
+        ALOGV("Unsupported protocol: %d", socketProto);
         return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
     }
 
@@ -410,8 +435,8 @@
         ALOGE("Failed to tag the socket: %s", strerror(res.error().code()));
         return -res.error().code();
     }
-    ALOGD("Socket with cookie %" PRIu64 " tagged successfully with tag %" PRIu32 " uid %u "
-              "and real uid %u", sock_cookie, tag, chargeUid, realUid);
+    ALOGV("Socket with cookie %" PRIu64 " tagged successfully with tag %" PRIu32 " uid %u "
+          "and real uid %u", sock_cookie, tag, chargeUid, realUid);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -422,10 +447,11 @@
     if (!mCookieTagMap.isValid()) return -EPERM;
     base::Result<void> res = mCookieTagMap.deleteValue(sock_cookie);
     if (!res.ok()) {
-        ALOGE("Failed to untag socket: %s", strerror(res.error().code()));
-        return -res.error().code();
+        const int err = res.error().code();
+        if (err != ENOENT) ALOGE("Failed to untag socket: %s", strerror(err));
+        return -err;
     }
-    ALOGD("Socket with cookie %" PRIu64 " untagged successfully.", sock_cookie);
+    ALOGV("Socket with cookie %" PRIu64 " untagged successfully.", sock_cookie);
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/bpf/progs/bpf_net_helpers.h b/bpf/progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
index a5664ba..4085ed4 100644
--- a/bpf/progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
+++ b/bpf/progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@
 #define ETH_IP6_TCP_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP6_TCP_OFFSET(field))
 #define ETH_IP6_UDP_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP6_UDP_OFFSET(field))
 
+static uint64_t (*bpf_get_netns_cookie)(void* ctx) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_netns_cookie;
+
 // this returns 0 iff skb->sk is NULL
 static uint64_t (*bpf_get_socket_cookie)(struct __sk_buff* skb) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_cookie;
 static uint64_t (*bpf_get_sk_cookie)(struct bpf_sock* sk) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_cookie;
diff --git a/bpf/progs/netd.c b/bpf/progs/netd.c
index ed0eed5..08635b3 100644
--- a/bpf/progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf/progs/netd.c
@@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
 static const int PASS = 1;
 static const int DROP_UNLESS_DNS = 2;  // internal to our program
 
-// Used for 'bool enable_tracing'
-static const bool TRACE_ON = true;
-static const bool TRACE_OFF = false;
-
 // offsetof(struct iphdr, ihl) -- but that's a bitfield
 #define IPPROTO_IHL_OFF 0
 
@@ -46,14 +42,14 @@
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(the_map, TYPE, TypeOfKey, TypeOfValue, num_entries,         \
                        AID_ROOT, AID_NET_BW_ACCT, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "",   \
                        PRIVATE, BPFLOADER_MIN_VER, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER,              \
-                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG, 0)
 
 // For maps netd only needs read only access to
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RO_NETD(the_map, TYPE, TypeOfKey, TypeOfValue, num_entries)  \
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(the_map, TYPE, TypeOfKey, TypeOfValue, num_entries,          \
                        AID_ROOT, AID_NET_BW_ACCT, 0460, "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "", \
                        PRIVATE, BPFLOADER_MIN_VER, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER,               \
-                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+                       LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG, 0)
 
 // For maps netd needs to be able to read and write
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(the_map, TYPE, TypeOfKey, TypeOfValue, num_entries) \
@@ -92,7 +88,7 @@
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(packet_trace_enabled_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, bool, 1,
                    AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", PRIVATE,
                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG,
-                   LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+                   LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG, 0)
 
 // A ring buffer on which packet information is pushed.
 DEFINE_BPF_RINGBUF_EXT(packet_trace_ringbuf, PacketTrace, PACKET_TRACE_BUF_SIZE,
@@ -103,6 +99,17 @@
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RO_NETD(data_saver_enabled_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, bool,
                        DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_SIZE)
 
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(local_net_access_map, LPM_TRIE, LocalNetAccessKey, bool, 1000,
+                   AID_ROOT, AID_NET_BW_ACCT, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", PRIVATE,
+                   BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER,
+                   LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG, 0)
+
+// not preallocated
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_EXT(local_net_blocked_uid_map, HASH, uint32_t, bool, -1000,
+                   AID_ROOT, AID_NET_BW_ACCT, 0060, "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", PRIVATE,
+                   BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER,
+                   LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG, 0)
+
 // iptables xt_bpf programs need to be usable by both netd and netutils_wrappers
 // selinux contexts, because even non-xt_bpf iptables mutations are implemented as
 // a full table dump, followed by an update in userspace, and then a reload into the kernel,
@@ -110,31 +117,34 @@
 // program (see XT_BPF_MODE_PATH_PINNED) and then the iptables binary (or rather
 // the kernel acting on behalf of it) must be able to retrieve the pinned program
 // for the reload to succeed
-#define DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog) \
-    DEFINE_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog)
+#define DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, the_prog) \
+    DEFINE_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, the_prog)
 
 // programs that need to be usable by netd, but not by netutils_wrappers
 // (this is because these are currently attached by the mainline provided libnetd_updatable .so
 // which is loaded into netd and thus runs as netd uid/gid/selinux context)
-#define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, minKV, maxKV) \
-    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog,                               \
-                        minKV, maxKV, BPFLOADER_MIN_VER, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,            \
+#define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES(SECTION_NAME, the_prog, minKV, maxKV, min_loader, max_loader) \
+    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, the_prog,                               \
+                        minKV, maxKV, min_loader, max_loader, MANDATORY,                          \
                         "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "", LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 
-#define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, min_kv) \
-    DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, min_kv, KVER_INF)
+#define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE(SECTION_NAME, the_prog, minKV, maxKV) \
+    DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES(SECTION_NAME, the_prog, minKV, maxKV, BPFLOADER_MIN_VER, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER)
 
-#define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog) \
-    DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, KVER_NONE)
+#define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, the_prog, min_kv) \
+    DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE(SECTION_NAME, the_prog, min_kv, KVER_INF)
 
-#define DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, minKV)            \
-    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, minKV,                        \
+#define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, the_prog) \
+    DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, the_prog, KVER_NONE)
+
+#define DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, the_prog, minKV)                                \
+    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, the_prog, minKV,                        \
                         KVER_INF, BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,     \
                         "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "", LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 
 // programs that only need to be usable by the system server
-#define DEFINE_SYS_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog) \
-    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, KVER_NONE, KVER_INF,  \
+#define DEFINE_SYS_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, the_prog) \
+    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, the_prog, KVER_NONE, KVER_INF,  \
                         BPFLOADER_MIN_VER, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY, \
                         "fs_bpf_net_shared", "", LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
 
@@ -231,11 +241,70 @@
         : bpf_skb_load_bytes(skb, L3_off, to, len);
 }
 
+// False iff arguments are found with longest prefix match lookup and disallowed.
+static inline __always_inline bool is_local_net_access_allowed(const uint32_t if_index,
+        const struct in6_addr* remote_ip6, const uint16_t protocol, const __be16 remote_port) {
+    LocalNetAccessKey query_key = {
+        .lpm_bitlen = 8 * (sizeof(if_index) + sizeof(*remote_ip6) + sizeof(protocol)
+            + sizeof(remote_port)),
+        .if_index = if_index,
+        .remote_ip6 = *remote_ip6,
+        .protocol = protocol,
+        .remote_port = remote_port
+    };
+    bool* v = bpf_local_net_access_map_lookup_elem(&query_key);
+    return v ? *v : true;
+}
+
+static __always_inline inline bool should_block_local_network_packets(struct __sk_buff *skb,
+                                   const uint32_t uid, const struct egress_bool egress,
+                                   const struct kver_uint kver) {
+    if (is_system_uid(uid)) return false;
+
+    bool* block_local_net = bpf_local_net_blocked_uid_map_lookup_elem(&uid);
+    if (!block_local_net) return false; // uid not found in map
+    if (!*block_local_net) return false; // lookup returned 'bool false'
+
+    struct in6_addr remote_ip6;
+    uint8_t ip_proto;
+    uint8_t L4_off;
+    if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP)) {
+        int remote_ip_ofs = egress.egress ? IP4_OFFSET(daddr) : IP4_OFFSET(saddr);
+        remote_ip6.s6_addr32[0] = 0;
+        remote_ip6.s6_addr32[1] = 0;
+        remote_ip6.s6_addr32[2] = htonl(0xFFFF);
+        (void)bpf_skb_load_bytes_net(skb, remote_ip_ofs, &remote_ip6.s6_addr32[3], 4, kver);
+        (void)bpf_skb_load_bytes_net(skb, IP4_OFFSET(protocol), &ip_proto, sizeof(ip_proto), kver);
+        uint8_t ihl;
+        (void)bpf_skb_load_bytes_net(skb, IPPROTO_IHL_OFF, &ihl, sizeof(ihl), kver);
+        L4_off = (ihl & 0x0F) * 4;  // IHL calculation.
+    } else if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) {
+        int remote_ip_ofs = egress.egress ? IP6_OFFSET(daddr) : IP6_OFFSET(saddr);
+        (void)bpf_skb_load_bytes_net(skb, remote_ip_ofs, &remote_ip6, sizeof(remote_ip6), kver);
+        (void)bpf_skb_load_bytes_net(skb, IP6_OFFSET(nexthdr), &ip_proto, sizeof(ip_proto), kver);
+        L4_off = sizeof(struct ipv6hdr);
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    __be16 remote_port = 0;
+    switch (ip_proto) {
+      case IPPROTO_TCP:
+      case IPPROTO_DCCP:
+      case IPPROTO_UDP:
+      case IPPROTO_UDPLITE:
+      case IPPROTO_SCTP:
+        (void)bpf_skb_load_bytes_net(skb, L4_off + (egress.egress ? 2 : 0), &remote_port, sizeof(remote_port), kver);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return !is_local_net_access_allowed(skb->ifindex, &remote_ip6, ip_proto, remote_port);
+}
+
 static __always_inline inline void do_packet_tracing(
         const struct __sk_buff* const skb, const struct egress_bool egress, const uint32_t uid,
-        const uint32_t tag, const bool enable_tracing, const struct kver_uint kver) {
-    if (!enable_tracing) return;
-    if (!KVER_IS_AT_LEAST(kver, 5, 8, 0)) return;
+        const uint32_t tag, const struct kver_uint kver) {
+    if (!KVER_IS_AT_LEAST(kver, 5, 10, 0)) return;
 
     uint32_t mapKey = 0;
     bool* traceConfig = bpf_packet_trace_enabled_map_lookup_elem(&mapKey);
@@ -393,7 +462,8 @@
 
 static __always_inline inline int bpf_owner_match(struct __sk_buff* skb, uint32_t uid,
                                                   const struct egress_bool egress,
-                                                  const struct kver_uint kver) {
+                                                  const struct kver_uint kver,
+                                                  const struct sdk_level_uint lvl) {
     if (is_system_uid(uid)) return PASS;
 
     if (skip_owner_match(skb, egress, kver)) return PASS;
@@ -423,6 +493,11 @@
             return DROP_UNLESS_DNS;
         }
     }
+
+    if (SDK_LEVEL_IS_AT_LEAST(lvl, 25Q2) && skb->ifindex == 1) {
+        // TODO: sdksandbox localhost restrictions
+    }
+
     return PASS;
 }
 
@@ -440,8 +515,8 @@
 
 static __always_inline inline int bpf_traffic_account(struct __sk_buff* skb,
                                                       const struct egress_bool egress,
-                                                      const bool enable_tracing,
-                                                      const struct kver_uint kver) {
+                                                      const struct kver_uint kver,
+                                                      const struct sdk_level_uint lvl) {
     // sock_uid will be 'overflowuid' if !sk_fullsock(sk_to_full_sk(skb->sk))
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
 
@@ -470,7 +545,7 @@
     // CLAT daemon receives via an untagged AF_PACKET socket.
     if (egress.egress && uid == AID_CLAT) return PASS;
 
-    int match = bpf_owner_match(skb, sock_uid, egress, kver);
+    int match = bpf_owner_match(skb, sock_uid, egress, kver, lvl);
 
 // Workaround for secureVPN with VpnIsolation enabled, refer to b/159994981 for details.
 // Keep TAG_SYSTEM_DNS in sync with DnsResolver/include/netd_resolv/resolv.h
@@ -483,6 +558,10 @@
         if (match == DROP_UNLESS_DNS) match = DROP;
     }
 
+    if (SDK_LEVEL_IS_AT_LEAST(lvl, 25Q2) && (match != DROP)) {
+        if (should_block_local_network_packets(skb, uid, egress, kver)) match = DROP;
+    }
+
     // If an outbound packet is going to be dropped, we do not count that traffic.
     if (egress.egress && (match == DROP)) return DROP;
 
@@ -496,7 +575,7 @@
 
     if (!selectedMap) return PASS;  // cannot happen, needed to keep bpf verifier happy
 
-    do_packet_tracing(skb, egress, uid, tag, enable_tracing, kver);
+    do_packet_tracing(skb, egress, uid, tag, kver);
     update_stats_with_config(*selectedMap, skb, &key, egress, kver);
     update_app_uid_stats_map(skb, &uid, egress, kver);
 
@@ -509,52 +588,104 @@
     return match;
 }
 
-// Tracing on Android U+ 5.8+
-DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$trace", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
-                    bpf_cgroup_ingress_trace, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
-                    "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
-                    LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+// -----
+
+// Supported kernel + platform/os version combinations:
+//
+//      | 4.9 | 4.14 | 4.19 | 5.4 | 5.10 | 5.15 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.12 |
+// 25Q2 |     |      |      |  x  |  x   |  x   |  x  |  x  |  x   |
+//    V |     |      |  x   |  x  |  x   |  x   |  x  |  x  |      | (netbpfload)
+//    U |     |  x   |  x   |  x  |  x   |  x   |  x  |     |      |
+//    T |  x  |  x   |  x   |  x  |  x   |  x   |     |     |      | (magic netbpfload)
+//    S |  x  |  x   |  x   |  x  |  x   |      |     |     |      | (platform loads offload)
+//    R |  x  |  x   |  x   |  x  |      |      |     |     |      | (no mainline ebpf)
+//
+// Not relevant for eBPF, but R can also run on 4.4
+
+// ----- cgroupskb/ingress/stats -----
+
+// Android 25Q2+ 5.10+ (localnet protection + tracing)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$5_10_25q2",
+                            bpf_cgroup_ingress_5_10_25q2, KVER_5_10, KVER_INF,
+                            BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, TRACE_ON, KVER_5_8);
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, KVER_5_10, SDK_LEVEL_25Q2);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$4_19", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
+// Android 25Q2+ 5.4 (localnet protection)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$5_4_25q2",
+                            bpf_cgroup_ingress_5_4_25q2, KVER_5_4, KVER_5_10,
+                            BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, KVER_5_4, SDK_LEVEL_25Q2);
+}
+
+// Android U/V 5.10+ (tracing)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$5_10_u",
+                            bpf_cgroup_ingress_5_10_u, KVER_5_10, KVER_INF,
+                            BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, KVER_5_10, SDK_LEVEL_U);
+}
+
+// Android T/U/V 4.19 & T/U/V/25Q2 5.4 & T 5.10/5.15
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$4_19",
                                 bpf_cgroup_ingress_4_19, KVER_4_19, KVER_INF)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, TRACE_OFF, KVER_4_19);
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, KVER_4_19, SDK_LEVEL_T);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$4_14", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
-                                bpf_cgroup_ingress_4_14, KVER_NONE, KVER_4_19)
+// Android T 4.9 & T/U 4.14
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/ingress/stats$4_9",
+                                bpf_cgroup_ingress_4_9, KVER_NONE, KVER_4_19)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, TRACE_OFF, KVER_NONE);
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, INGRESS, KVER_NONE, SDK_LEVEL_T);
 }
 
-// Tracing on Android U+ 5.8+
-DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT("cgroupskb/egress/stats$trace", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
-                    bpf_cgroup_egress_trace, KVER_5_8, KVER_INF,
-                    BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,
-                    "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "",
-                    LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+// ----- cgroupskb/egress/stats -----
+
+// Android 25Q2+ 5.10+ (localnet protection + tracing)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES("cgroupskb/egress/stats$5_10_25q2",
+                            bpf_cgroup_egress_5_10_25q2, KVER_5_10, KVER_INF,
+                            BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, TRACE_ON, KVER_5_8);
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, KVER_5_10, SDK_LEVEL_25Q2);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/egress/stats$4_19", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
+// Android 25Q2+ 5.4 (localnet protection)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES("cgroupskb/egress/stats$5_4_25q2",
+                            bpf_cgroup_egress_5_4_25q2, KVER_5_4, KVER_5_10,
+                            BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, KVER_5_4, SDK_LEVEL_25Q2);
+}
+
+// Android U/V 5.10+ (tracing)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_RANGES("cgroupskb/egress/stats$5_10_u",
+                            bpf_cgroup_egress_5_10_u, KVER_5_10, KVER_INF,
+                            BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_25Q2_VERSION)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, KVER_5_10, SDK_LEVEL_U);
+}
+
+// Android T/U/V 4.19 & T/U/V/25Q2 5.4 & T 5.10/5.15
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/egress/stats$4_19",
                                 bpf_cgroup_egress_4_19, KVER_4_19, KVER_INF)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, TRACE_OFF, KVER_4_19);
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, KVER_4_19, SDK_LEVEL_T);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/egress/stats$4_14", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
-                                bpf_cgroup_egress_4_14, KVER_NONE, KVER_4_19)
+// Android T 4.9 & T/U 4.14
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("cgroupskb/egress/stats$4_9",
+                                bpf_cgroup_egress_4_9, KVER_NONE, KVER_4_19)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, TRACE_OFF, KVER_NONE);
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, EGRESS, KVER_NONE, SDK_LEVEL_T);
 }
 
+// -----
+
 // WARNING: Android T's non-updatable netd depends on the name of this program.
-DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/egress/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_egress_prog)
+DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/egress/xtbpf", xt_bpf_egress_prog)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     // Clat daemon does not generate new traffic, all its traffic is accounted for already
     // on the v4-* interfaces (except for the 20 (or 28) extra bytes of IPv6 vs IPv4 overhead,
@@ -573,7 +704,7 @@
 }
 
 // WARNING: Android T's non-updatable netd depends on the name of this program.
-DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/ingress/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_ingress_prog)
+DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/ingress/xtbpf", xt_bpf_ingress_prog)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     // Clat daemon traffic is not accounted by virtue of iptables raw prerouting drop rule
     // (in clat_raw_PREROUTING chain), which triggers before this (in bw_raw_PREROUTING chain).
@@ -585,7 +716,7 @@
     return XTBPF_MATCH;
 }
 
-DEFINE_SYS_BPF_PROG("schedact/ingress/account", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN,
+DEFINE_SYS_BPF_PROG("schedact/ingress/account",
                     tc_bpf_ingress_account_prog)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     if (is_received_skb(skb)) {
@@ -597,7 +728,7 @@
 }
 
 // WARNING: Android T's non-updatable netd depends on the name of this program.
-DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/allowlist/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_allowlist_prog)
+DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/allowlist/xtbpf", xt_bpf_allowlist_prog)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
     if (is_system_uid(sock_uid)) return XTBPF_MATCH;
@@ -616,7 +747,7 @@
 }
 
 // WARNING: Android T's non-updatable netd depends on the name of this program.
-DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/denylist/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_denylist_prog)
+DEFINE_XTBPF_PROG("skfilter/denylist/xtbpf", xt_bpf_denylist_prog)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
     UidOwnerValue* denylistMatch = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&sock_uid);
@@ -639,14 +770,12 @@
     return permissions ? *permissions : BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsock/inet_create", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet_socket_create,
-                          KVER_4_14)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsock/inet_create", inet_socket_create, KVER_4_14)
 (__unused struct bpf_sock* sk) {
     return (get_app_permissions() & BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET) ? BPF_ALLOW : BPF_DISALLOW;
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsockrelease/inet_release", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT,
-                          inet_socket_release, KVER_5_10)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsockrelease/inet_release", inet_socket_release, KVER_5_10)
 (struct bpf_sock* sk) {
     uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_sk_cookie(sk);
     if (cookie) bpf_cookie_tag_map_delete_elem(&cookie);
@@ -699,47 +828,47 @@
     return BPF_ALLOW;
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("bind4/inet4_bind", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet4_bind, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("bind4/inet4_bind", inet4_bind, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return block_port(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("bind6/inet6_bind", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet6_bind, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("bind6/inet6_bind", inet6_bind, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return block_port(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect4/inet4_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet4_connect, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect4/inet4_connect", inet4_connect, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect6/inet6_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet6_connect, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect6/inet6_connect", inet6_connect, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg4/udp4_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_recvmsg, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg4/udp4_recvmsg", udp4_recvmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg6/udp6_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_recvmsg, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg6/udp6_recvmsg", udp6_recvmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg4/udp4_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_sendmsg, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg4/udp4_sendmsg", udp4_sendmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg6/udp6_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_sendmsg, KVER_4_19)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg6/udp6_sendmsg", udp6_sendmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("getsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, getsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("getsockopt/prog", getsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
 (struct bpf_sockopt *ctx) {
     // Tell kernel to return 'original' kernel reply (instead of the bpf modified buffer)
     // This is important if the answer is larger than PAGE_SIZE (max size this bpf hook can provide)
@@ -747,7 +876,7 @@
     return BPF_ALLOW;
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("setsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, setsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("setsockopt/prog", setsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
 (struct bpf_sockopt *ctx) {
     // Tell kernel to use/process original buffer provided by userspace.
     // This is important if it is larger than PAGE_SIZE (max size this bpf hook can handle).
diff --git a/bpf/progs/netd.h b/bpf/progs/netd.h
index be7c311..8400679 100644
--- a/bpf/progs/netd.h
+++ b/bpf/progs/netd.h
@@ -185,6 +185,8 @@
 #define PACKET_TRACE_RINGBUF_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "map_netd_packet_trace_ringbuf"
 #define PACKET_TRACE_ENABLED_MAP_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "map_netd_packet_trace_enabled_map"
 #define DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "map_netd_data_saver_enabled_map"
+#define LOCAL_NET_ACCESS_MAP_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "map_netd_local_net_access_map"
+#define LOCAL_NET_BLOCKED_UID_MAP_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "map_netd_local_net_blocked_uid_map"
 
 #endif // __cplusplus
 
@@ -245,6 +247,18 @@
 } IngressDiscardValue;
 STRUCT_SIZE(IngressDiscardValue, 2 * 4);  // 8
 
+typedef struct {
+  // Longest prefix match length in bits (value from 0 to 192).
+  uint32_t lpm_bitlen;
+  uint32_t if_index;
+  // IPv4 uses IPv4-mapped IPv6 address format.
+  struct in6_addr remote_ip6;
+  // u16 instead of u8 to avoid padding due to alignment requirement.
+  uint16_t protocol;
+  __be16 remote_port;
+} LocalNetAccessKey;
+STRUCT_SIZE(LocalNetAccessKey, 4 + 4 + 16 + 2 + 2);  // 28
+
 // Entry in the configuration map that stores which UID rules are enabled.
 #define UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY 0
 // Entry in the configuration map that stores which stats map is currently in use.
diff --git a/bpf/progs/offload.c b/bpf/progs/offload.c
index 631908a..0f23844 100644
--- a/bpf/progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf/progs/offload.c
@@ -609,27 +609,27 @@
 // Full featured (required) implementations for 5.8+ kernels (these are S+ by definition)
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_5_8, KVER_5_8)
+                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_5_8, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, DOWNSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_8);
+    return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, DOWNSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_10);
 }
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_5_8, KVER_5_8)
+                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_5_8, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, UPSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_8);
+    return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, UPSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_10);
 }
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_downstream4_ether$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_5_8, KVER_5_8)
+                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_5_8, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, DOWNSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_8);
+    return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, DOWNSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_10);
 }
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_upstream4_ether$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_5_8, KVER_5_8)
+                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_5_8, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, UPSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_8);
+    return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, UPSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_5_10);
 }
 
 // Full featured (optional) implementations for 4.14-S, 4.19-S & 5.4-S kernels
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
 DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$opt",
                                     AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
                                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_opt,
-                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_8)
+                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, DOWNSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_4_14);
 }
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
 DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$opt",
                                     AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
                                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_opt,
-                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_8)
+                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, UPSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_4_14);
 }
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@
 DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_ether$opt",
                                     AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
                                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_opt,
-                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_8)
+                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, DOWNSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_4_14);
 }
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
 DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_ether$opt",
                                     AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
                                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_opt,
-                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_8)
+                                    KVER_4_14, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, UPSTREAM, UPDATETIME, KVER_4_14);
 }
@@ -682,13 +682,13 @@
 // RAWIP: Required for 5.4-R kernels -- which always support bpf_skb_change_head().
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$5_4", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_5_4, KVER_5_4, KVER_5_8)
+                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_5_4, KVER_5_4, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, DOWNSTREAM, NO_UPDATETIME, KVER_5_4);
 }
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$5_4", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_5_4, KVER_5_4, KVER_5_8)
+                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_5_4, KVER_5_4, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, RAWIP, UPSTREAM, NO_UPDATETIME, KVER_5_4);
 }
@@ -715,13 +715,13 @@
 // ETHER: Required for 4.14-Q/R, 4.19-Q/R & 5.4-R kernels.
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_ether$4_14", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_4_14, KVER_4_14, KVER_5_8)
+                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_4_14, KVER_4_14, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, DOWNSTREAM, NO_UPDATETIME, KVER_4_14);
 }
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_ether$4_14", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
-                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_4_14, KVER_4_14, KVER_5_8)
+                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_4_14, KVER_4_14, KVER_5_10)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
     return do_forward4(skb, ETHER, UPSTREAM, NO_UPDATETIME, KVER_4_14);
 }
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@
 }
 
 #define DEFINE_XDP_PROG(str, func) \
-    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER(str, AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK, func, KVER_5_9)(struct xdp_md *ctx)
+    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER(str, AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK, func, KVER_5_10)(struct xdp_md *ctx)
 
 DEFINE_XDP_PROG("xdp/tether_downstream_ether",
                  xdp_tether_downstream_ether) {
diff --git a/bpf/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/bpf/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
index 0b5b7be..2cfa546 100644
--- a/bpf/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
+++ b/bpf/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h>
+#include <android/api-level.h>
 #include <bpf/BpfUtils.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -46,6 +48,11 @@
 class BpfExistenceTest : public ::testing::Test {
 };
 
+//ToDo: replace isAtLeast25Q2 with IsAtLeastB once sdk_level have been upgraded to 36 on aosp/main
+const bool unreleased = (android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.version.codename", "REL") != "REL");
+const int api_level = unreleased ? __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__ : android_get_device_api_level();
+const bool isAtLeast25Q2 = (api_level > __ANDROID_API_V__);
+
 // Part of Android R platform (for 4.9+), but mainlined in S
 static const set<string> PLATFORM_ONLY_IN_R = {
     PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_ingress_map",
@@ -159,6 +166,12 @@
     NETD "prog_netd_setsockopt_prog",
 };
 
+// Provided by *current* mainline module for 25Q2+ devices
+static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_25Q2_PLUS = {
+    NETD "map_netd_local_net_access_map",
+    NETD "map_netd_local_net_blocked_uid_map",
+};
+
 static void addAll(set<string>& a, const set<string>& b) {
     a.insert(b.begin(), b.end());
 }
@@ -209,6 +222,9 @@
     DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV(), MAINLINE_FOR_V_PLUS);
     DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_4_PLUS);
 
+    if (isAtLeast25Q2) ASSERT_TRUE(isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0));
+    DO_EXPECT(isAtLeast25Q2, MAINLINE_FOR_25Q2_PLUS);
+
     for (const auto& file : mustExist) {
         EXPECT_EQ(0, access(file.c_str(), R_OK)) << file << " does not exist";
     }
diff --git a/common/flags.aconfig b/common/flags.aconfig
index 60a827b..5f279fa 100644
--- a/common/flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/flags.aconfig
@@ -165,3 +165,12 @@
   bug: "372936361"
   is_fixed_read_only: true
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "restrict_local_network"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for controlling access to the local network behind a new runtime permission. Requires ConnectivityCompatChanges.RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK to enable feature."
+  bug: "365139289"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/LocalNetAccessKey.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/LocalNetAccessKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95265b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/LocalNetAccessKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+public class LocalNetAccessKey extends Struct {
+
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long lpmBitlen;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long ifIndex;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
+    public final Inet6Address remoteAddress;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int protocol;
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int remotePort;
+
+    public LocalNetAccessKey(long lpmBitlen, long ifIndex, InetAddress remoteAddress, int protocol,
+            int remotePort) {
+        this.lpmBitlen = lpmBitlen;
+        this.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+        this.protocol = protocol;
+        this.remotePort = remotePort;
+
+        if (remoteAddress instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            this.remoteAddress = InetAddressUtils.v4MappedV6Address((Inet4Address) remoteAddress);
+        } else {
+            this.remoteAddress = (Inet6Address) remoteAddress;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public LocalNetAccessKey(long lpmBitlen, long ifIndex, Inet6Address remoteAddress, int protocol,
+            int remotePort) {
+        this.lpmBitlen = lpmBitlen;
+        this.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+        this.remoteAddress = remoteAddress;
+        this.protocol = protocol;
+        this.remotePort = remotePort;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "LocalNetAccessKey{"
+                + "lpmBitlen=" + lpmBitlen
+                + ", ifIndex=" + ifIndex
+                + ", remoteAddress=" + remoteAddress
+                + ", protocol=" + protocol
+                + ", remotePort=" + remotePort
+                + "}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
index 7c9b3ec..449588a 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
@@ -111,6 +111,12 @@
     /** Returns the {@link NetworkStatsAccess.Level} for the given caller. */
     public static @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(
             Context context, int callingPid, int callingUid, @Nullable String callingPackage) {
+        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(callingUid);
+        if (appId == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            // the system can access data usage for all apps on the device.
+            // check system uid first, to avoid possible dead lock from other APIs
+            return NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE;
+        }
         final DevicePolicyManager mDpm = context.getSystemService(DevicePolicyManager.class);
         final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)
                 context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
@@ -126,16 +132,13 @@
             Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
         }
 
-        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(callingUid);
-
         final boolean isNetworkStack = PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf(
                 context, callingPid, callingUid, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
 
-        if (hasCarrierPrivileges || isDeviceOwner
-                || appId == Process.SYSTEM_UID || isNetworkStack) {
-            // Carrier-privileged apps and device owners, and the system (including the
-            // network stack) can access data usage for all apps on the device.
+        if (hasCarrierPrivileges || isDeviceOwner || isNetworkStack) {
+            // Carrier-privileged apps and device owners, and the network stack
+            // can access data usage for all apps on the device.
             return NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE;
         }
 
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
index e4b2f43..fd824f3 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Get the service type. (e.g. "_http._tcp.local" )
+         * Get the service type. (e.g. "_http._tcp" )
          */
         @NonNull
         public String getServiceType() {
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index 797c107..323c533 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -233,6 +233,32 @@
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpPrefix> CREATOR;
   }
 
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.ipv6_over_ble") public final class L2capNetworkSpecifier extends android.net.NetworkSpecifier implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getHeaderCompression();
+    method public int getPsm();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.MacAddress getRemoteAddress();
+    method public int getRole();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int PSM_ANY = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int ROLE_ANY = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int ROLE_CLIENT = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ROLE_SERVER = 2; // 0x2
+  }
+
+  public static final class L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder {
+    ctor public L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder setHeaderCompression(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder setPsm(@IntRange(from=0, to=255) int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder setRemoteAddress(@Nullable android.net.MacAddress);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder setRole(int);
+  }
+
   public class LinkAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
     method public int describeContents();
     method public java.net.InetAddress getAddress();
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
index f3773de..f1a6f00 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_data_saver_enabled_map";
     public static final String INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH =
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_ingress_discard_map";
+    public static final String LOCAL_NET_ACCESS_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_local_net_access_map";
+    public static final String LOCAL_NET_BLOCKED_UID_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_local_net_blocked_uid_map";
+
     public static final Struct.S32 UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new Struct.S32(0);
     public static final Struct.S32 CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new Struct.S32(1);
     public static final Struct.S32 DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY = new Struct.S32(0);
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 9016d13..5d99b74 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -3065,7 +3065,8 @@
      * <p>WARNING: New clients should not use this function. The only usages should be in PanService
      * and WifiStateMachine which need direct access. All other clients should use
      * {@link #startTethering} and {@link #stopTethering} which encapsulate proper provisioning
-     * logic.</p>
+     * logic. On SDK versions after {@link Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM}, this will throw
+     * an UnsupportedOperationException.</p>
      *
      * @param iface the interface name to tether.
      * @return error a {@code TETHER_ERROR} value indicating success or failure type
@@ -3090,7 +3091,8 @@
      * <p>WARNING: New clients should not use this function. The only usages should be in PanService
      * and WifiStateMachine which need direct access. All other clients should use
      * {@link #startTethering} and {@link #stopTethering} which encapsulate proper provisioning
-     * logic.</p>
+     * logic. On SDK versions after {@link Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM}, this will throw
+     * an UnsupportedOperationException.</p>
      *
      * @param iface the interface name to untether.
      * @return error a {@code TETHER_ERROR} value indicating success or failure type
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/L2capNetworkSpecifier.java b/framework/src/android/net/L2capNetworkSpecifier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfc9ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/L2capNetworkSpecifier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link NetworkSpecifier} used to identify an L2CAP network over BLE.
+ *
+ * An L2CAP network is not symmetrical, meaning there exists both a server (Bluetooth peripheral)
+ * and a client (Bluetooth central) node. This specifier contains the information required to
+ * request a client L2CAP network using {@link ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork} while specifying
+ * the remote MAC address, and Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM). It can also contain information
+ * allocated by the system when reserving a server network using {@link
+ * ConnectivityManager#reserveNetwork} such as the Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM). In both
+ * cases, the header compression option must be specified.
+ *
+ * An L2CAP server network allocates a Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM) to be advertised to the
+ * client. A new server network must always be reserved using {@code
+ * ConnectivityManager#reserveNetwork}. The subsequent {@link
+ * ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback#onReserved(NetworkCapabilities)} callback includes an {@code
+ * L2CapNetworkSpecifier}. The {@link getPsm()} method will return the Protocol/Service Multiplexer
+ * (PSM) of the reserved network so that the server can advertise it to the client and the client
+ * can connect.
+ * An L2CAP server network is backed by a {@link android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket} which can,
+ * in theory, accept many connections. However, before SDK version {@link
+ * Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM} Bluetooth APIs do not expose the channel ID, so these
+ * connections are indistinguishable. In practice, this means that the network matching semantics in
+ * ConnectivityService will tear down all but the first connection.
+ *
+ * When the connection between client and server completes, a {@link Network} whose capabilities
+ * satisfy this {@code L2capNetworkSpecifier} will connect and the usual callbacks, such as {@link
+ * NetworkCallback#onAvailable}, will be called on the callback object passed to {@code
+ * ConnectivityManager#reserveNetwork} or {@code ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork}.
+ */
+@FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_IPV6_OVER_BLE)
+public final class L2capNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier implements Parcelable {
+    /**
+     * Match any role.
+     *
+     * This role is only meaningful in {@link NetworkRequest}s. Specifiers for actual L2CAP
+     * networks never have this role set.
+     */
+    public static final int ROLE_ANY = 0;
+    /** Specifier describes a client network, i.e., the device is the Bluetooth central. */
+    public static final int ROLE_CLIENT = 1;
+    /** Specifier describes a server network, i.e., the device is the Bluetooth peripheral. */
+    public static final int ROLE_SERVER = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "ROLE_", value = {
+        ROLE_ANY,
+        ROLE_CLIENT,
+        ROLE_SERVER
+    })
+    public @interface Role {}
+    /** Role used to distinguish client from server networks. */
+    @Role
+    private final int mRole;
+
+    /**
+     * Accept any form of header compression.
+     *
+     * This option is only meaningful in {@link NetworkRequest}s. Specifiers for actual L2CAP
+     * networks never have this option set.
+     */
+    public static final int HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY = 0;
+    /** Do not compress packets on this network. */
+    public static final int HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE = 1;
+    /** Use 6lowpan header compression as specified in rfc6282. */
+    public static final int HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "HEADER_COMPRESSION_", value = {
+        HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY,
+        HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE,
+        HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN
+    })
+    public @interface HeaderCompression {}
+    /** Header compression mechanism used on this network. */
+    @HeaderCompression
+    private final int mHeaderCompression;
+
+    /** The MAC address of the remote. */
+    @Nullable
+    private final MacAddress mRemoteAddress;
+
+    /**
+     * Match any Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM).
+     *
+     * This PSM value is only meaningful in {@link NetworkRequest}s. Specifiers for actual L2CAP
+     * networks never have this value set.
+     */
+    public static final int PSM_ANY = 0;
+
+    /** The Bluetooth L2CAP Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM). */
+    private final int mPsm;
+
+    private L2capNetworkSpecifier(Parcel in) {
+        mRole = in.readInt();
+        mHeaderCompression = in.readInt();
+        mRemoteAddress = in.readParcelable(getClass().getClassLoader());
+        mPsm = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public L2capNetworkSpecifier(@Role int role, @HeaderCompression int headerCompression,
+            MacAddress remoteAddress, int psm) {
+        mRole = role;
+        mHeaderCompression = headerCompression;
+        mRemoteAddress = remoteAddress;
+        mPsm = psm;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the role to be used for this network. */
+    @Role
+    public int getRole() {
+        return mRole;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the compression mechanism for this network. */
+    @HeaderCompression
+    public int getHeaderCompression() {
+        return mHeaderCompression;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the remote MAC address for this network to connect to.
+     *
+     * The remote address is only meaningful for networks that have ROLE_CLIENT.
+     *
+     * When receiving this {@link L2capNetworkSpecifier} from Connectivity APIs such as a {@link
+     * ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback}, the MAC address is redacted.
+     */
+    public @Nullable MacAddress getRemoteAddress() {
+        return mRemoteAddress;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM) for this network to connect to. */
+    public int getPsm() {
+        return mPsm;
+    }
+
+    /** A builder class for L2capNetworkSpecifier. */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        @Role
+        private int mRole = ROLE_ANY;
+        @HeaderCompression
+        private int mHeaderCompression = HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY;
+        @Nullable
+        private MacAddress mRemoteAddress;
+        private int mPsm = PSM_ANY;
+
+        /**
+         * Set the role to use for this network.
+         *
+         * If not set, defaults to {@link ROLE_ANY}.
+         *
+         * @param role the role to use.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRole(@Role int role) {
+            mRole = role;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the header compression mechanism to use for this network.
+         *
+         * If not set, defaults to {@link HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY}. This option must be specified
+         * (i.e. must not be set to {@link HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY}) when requesting or reserving a
+         * new network.
+         *
+         * @param headerCompression the header compression mechanism to use.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setHeaderCompression(@HeaderCompression int headerCompression) {
+            mHeaderCompression = headerCompression;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the remote address for the client to connect to.
+         *
+         * Only valid for client networks. If not set, the specifier matches any MAC address.
+         *
+         * @param remoteAddress the MAC address to connect to, or null to match any MAC address.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRemoteAddress(@Nullable MacAddress remoteAddress) {
+            mRemoteAddress = remoteAddress;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM) for the client to connect to.
+         *
+         * If not set, defaults to {@link PSM_ANY}.
+         *
+         * @param psm the Protocol/Service Multiplexer (PSM) to connect to.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setPsm(@IntRange(from = 0, to = 255) int psm) {
+            if (psm < 0 /* PSM_ANY */ || psm > 0xFF) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("PSM must be PSM_ANY or within range [1, 255]");
+            }
+            mPsm = psm;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /** Create the L2capNetworkSpecifier object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public L2capNetworkSpecifier build() {
+            if (mRole == ROLE_SERVER && mRemoteAddress != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Specifying a remote address is not valid for server role.");
+            }
+            return new L2capNetworkSpecifier(mRole, mHeaderCompression, mRemoteAddress, mPsm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(NetworkSpecifier other) {
+        if (!(other instanceof L2capNetworkSpecifier)) return false;
+        final L2capNetworkSpecifier rhs = (L2capNetworkSpecifier) other;
+
+        // A network / offer cannot be ROLE_ANY, but it is added for consistency.
+        if (mRole != rhs.mRole && mRole != ROLE_ANY && rhs.mRole != ROLE_ANY) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (mHeaderCompression != rhs.mHeaderCompression
+                && mHeaderCompression != HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY
+                && rhs.mHeaderCompression != HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!Objects.equals(mRemoteAddress, rhs.mRemoteAddress)
+                && mRemoteAddress != null && rhs.mRemoteAddress != null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (mPsm != rhs.mPsm && mPsm != PSM_ANY && rhs.mPsm != PSM_ANY) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkSpecifier redact() {
+        final NetworkSpecifier redactedSpecifier = new Builder()
+                .setRole(mRole)
+                .setHeaderCompression(mHeaderCompression)
+                // The remote address is redacted.
+                .setRemoteAddress(null)
+                .setPsm(mPsm)
+                .build();
+        return redactedSpecifier;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mRole, mHeaderCompression, mRemoteAddress, mPsm);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+        if (!(obj instanceof L2capNetworkSpecifier)) return false;
+
+        final L2capNetworkSpecifier rhs = (L2capNetworkSpecifier) obj;
+        return mRole == rhs.mRole
+                && mHeaderCompression == rhs.mHeaderCompression
+                && Objects.equals(mRemoteAddress, rhs.mRemoteAddress)
+                && mPsm == rhs.mPsm;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final String role;
+        switch (mRole) {
+            case ROLE_CLIENT:
+                role = "ROLE_CLIENT";
+                break;
+            case ROLE_SERVER:
+                role = "ROLE_SERVER";
+                break;
+            default:
+                role = "ROLE_ANY";
+                break;
+        }
+
+        final String headerCompression;
+        switch (mHeaderCompression) {
+            case HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE:
+                headerCompression = "HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE";
+                break;
+            case HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN:
+                headerCompression = "HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN";
+                break;
+            default:
+                headerCompression = "HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY";
+                break;
+        }
+
+        final String psm = (mPsm == PSM_ANY) ? "PSM_ANY" : String.valueOf(mPsm);
+
+        return String.format("L2capNetworkSpecifier(%s, %s, RemoteAddress=%s, PSM=%s)",
+                role, headerCompression, Objects.toString(mRemoteAddress), psm);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mRole);
+        dest.writeInt(mHeaderCompression);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mRemoteAddress, flags);
+        dest.writeInt(mPsm);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<L2capNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR = new Creator<>() {
+        @Override
+        public L2capNetworkSpecifier createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new L2capNetworkSpecifier(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public L2capNetworkSpecifier[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new L2capNetworkSpecifier[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index b95363a..5a08d44 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -282,6 +282,13 @@
         this.type = that.type;
     }
 
+    private NetworkRequest(Parcel in) {
+        networkCapabilities = NetworkCapabilities.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in);
+        legacyType = in.readInt();
+        requestId = in.readInt();
+        type = Type.valueOf(in.readString());  // IllegalArgumentException if invalid.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Builder used to create {@link NetworkRequest} objects.  Specify the Network features
      * needed in terms of {@link NetworkCapabilities} features
@@ -678,12 +685,7 @@
     public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkRequest> CREATOR =
         new Creator<NetworkRequest>() {
             public NetworkRequest createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
-                NetworkCapabilities nc = NetworkCapabilities.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in);
-                int legacyType = in.readInt();
-                int requestId = in.readInt();
-                Type type = Type.valueOf(in.readString());  // IllegalArgumentException if invalid.
-                NetworkRequest result = new NetworkRequest(nc, legacyType, requestId, type);
-                return result;
+                return new NetworkRequest(in);
             }
             public NetworkRequest[] newArray(int size) {
                 return new NetworkRequest[size];
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
index e78f999..9d7d144 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 /**
  * This class provides a way to perform Nearby related operations such as scanning, broadcasting
@@ -503,7 +504,7 @@
                     PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId ephemeralId = new PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId();
                     ephemeralId.bytes = eid;
                     return ephemeralId;
-                }).toList();
+                }).collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList());
         try {
             mService.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(ephemeralIdList);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
index 66ae79c..ac381b8 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/BleBroadcastProvider.java
@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@
                             break;
                         case BroadcastRequest.PRESENCE_VERSION_V1:
                             if (adapter.isLeExtendedAdvertisingSupported()) {
+                                if (mAdvertisingSetCallback == null) {
+                                    mAdvertisingSetCallback = getAdvertisingSetCallback();
+                                }
                                 bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertisingSet(
                                         getAdvertisingSetParameters(),
                                         advertiseData,
@@ -133,6 +136,11 @@
             }
             mBroadcastListener = null;
             mIsAdvertising = false;
+            // If called startAdvertisingSet() but onAdvertisingSetStopped() is not invoked yet,
+            // using the same mAdvertisingSetCallback will cause new advertising cann't be stopped.
+            // Therefore, release the old mAdvertisingSetCallback and
+            // create a new mAdvertisingSetCallback when calling startAdvertisingSet.
+            mAdvertisingSetCallback = null;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/networksecurity/TEST_MAPPING b/networksecurity/TEST_MAPPING
index 20ecbce..448ee84 100644
--- a/networksecurity/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/networksecurity/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 {
-  "postsubmit": [
+  "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetSecConfigCertificateTransparencyTestCases"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetSecConfigCertificateTransparencyDefaultTestCases"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "NetSecConfigCertificateTransparencySctLogListTestCases"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "NetSecConfigCertificateTransparencySctNoLogListTestCases"
+    },
     {
       "name": "NetworkSecurityUnitTests"
     }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java
index 79123ee..1fbb3f3 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java
@@ -16,37 +16,26 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_DEVICE_OFFLINE;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_DOWNLOAD_CANNOT_RESUME;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_HTTP_ERROR;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_UNKNOWN;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__PENDING_WAITING_FOR_WIFI;
-
-import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
-
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import android.app.DownloadManager;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
+import com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState;
 import com.android.server.net.ct.DownloadHelper.DownloadStatus;
 
-import org.json.JSONException;
-import org.json.JSONObject;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 /** Helper class to download certificate transparency log files. */
 @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
@@ -58,38 +47,33 @@
     private final DataStore mDataStore;
     private final DownloadHelper mDownloadHelper;
     private final SignatureVerifier mSignatureVerifier;
-    private final CertificateTransparencyInstaller mInstaller;
     private final CertificateTransparencyLogger mLogger;
 
+    private final List<CompatibilityVersion> mCompatVersions = new ArrayList<>();
+
     CertificateTransparencyDownloader(
             Context context,
             DataStore dataStore,
             DownloadHelper downloadHelper,
             SignatureVerifier signatureVerifier,
-            CertificateTransparencyInstaller installer,
             CertificateTransparencyLogger logger) {
         mContext = context;
         mSignatureVerifier = signatureVerifier;
         mDataStore = dataStore;
         mDownloadHelper = downloadHelper;
-        mInstaller = installer;
         mLogger = logger;
     }
 
-    void initialize() {
-        mInstaller.addCompatibilityVersion(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION);
+    void addCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
+        mCompatVersions.add(compatVersion);
+    }
 
-        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
-        intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE);
-        mContext.registerReceiver(this, intentFilter, Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
-
-        if (Config.DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyDownloader initialized successfully");
-        }
+    void clearCompatibilityVersions() {
+        mCompatVersions.clear();
     }
 
     long startPublicKeyDownload() {
-        long downloadId = download(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_URL));
+        long downloadId = download(Config.URL_PUBLIC_KEY);
         if (downloadId != -1) {
             mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
             mDataStore.store();
@@ -97,19 +81,31 @@
         return downloadId;
     }
 
-    long startMetadataDownload() {
-        long downloadId = download(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL));
+    private long startMetadataDownload(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
+        long downloadId = download(compatVersion.getMetadataUrl());
         if (downloadId != -1) {
-            mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
+            mDataStore.setPropertyLong(compatVersion.getMetadataPropertyName(), downloadId);
             mDataStore.store();
         }
         return downloadId;
     }
 
-    long startContentDownload() {
-        long downloadId = download(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL));
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void startMetadataDownload() {
+        for (CompatibilityVersion compatVersion : mCompatVersions) {
+            if (startMetadataDownload(compatVersion) == -1) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Metadata download not started for " + compatVersion.getCompatVersion());
+            } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Metadata download started for " + compatVersion.getCompatVersion());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    long startContentDownload(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
+        long downloadId = download(compatVersion.getContentUrl());
         if (downloadId != -1) {
-            mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
+            mDataStore.setPropertyLong(compatVersion.getContentPropertyName(), downloadId);
             mDataStore.store();
         }
         return downloadId;
@@ -123,25 +119,28 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        long completedId = intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
+        long completedId =
+                intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, /* defaultValue= */ -1);
         if (completedId == -1) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Invalid completed download Id");
             return;
         }
 
-        if (isPublicKeyDownloadId(completedId)) {
+        if (getPublicKeyDownloadId() == completedId) {
             handlePublicKeyDownloadCompleted(completedId);
             return;
         }
 
-        if (isMetadataDownloadId(completedId)) {
-            handleMetadataDownloadCompleted(completedId);
-            return;
-        }
+        for (CompatibilityVersion compatVersion : mCompatVersions) {
+            if (getMetadataDownloadId(compatVersion) == completedId) {
+                handleMetadataDownloadCompleted(compatVersion, completedId);
+                return;
+            }
 
-        if (isContentDownloadId(completedId)) {
-            handleContentDownloadCompleted(completedId);
-            return;
+            if (getContentDownloadId(compatVersion) == completedId) {
+                handleContentDownloadCompleted(compatVersion, completedId);
+                return;
+            }
         }
 
         Log.i(TAG, "Download id " + completedId + " is not recognized.");
@@ -167,152 +166,85 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        if (startMetadataDownload() == -1) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Metadata download not started.");
-        } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "Metadata download started successfully.");
-        }
+        startMetadataDownload();
     }
 
-    private void handleMetadataDownloadCompleted(long downloadId) {
+    private void handleMetadataDownloadCompleted(
+            CompatibilityVersion compatVersion, long downloadId) {
         DownloadStatus status = mDownloadHelper.getDownloadStatus(downloadId);
         if (!status.isSuccessful()) {
             handleDownloadFailed(status);
             return;
         }
-        if (startContentDownload() == -1) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Content download not started.");
+        if (startContentDownload(compatVersion) == -1) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Content download failed for" + compatVersion.getCompatVersion());
         } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "Content download started successfully.");
+            Log.d(TAG, "Content download started for" + compatVersion.getCompatVersion());
         }
     }
 
-    private void handleContentDownloadCompleted(long downloadId) {
+    private void handleContentDownloadCompleted(
+            CompatibilityVersion compatVersion, long downloadId) {
         DownloadStatus status = mDownloadHelper.getDownloadStatus(downloadId);
         if (!status.isSuccessful()) {
             handleDownloadFailed(status);
             return;
         }
 
-        Uri contentUri = getContentDownloadUri();
-        Uri metadataUri = getMetadataDownloadUri();
+        Uri contentUri = getContentDownloadUri(compatVersion);
+        Uri metadataUri = getMetadataDownloadUri(compatVersion);
         if (contentUri == null || metadataUri == null) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Invalid URIs");
             return;
         }
 
-        boolean success = false;
-        try {
-            success = mSignatureVerifier.verify(contentUri, metadataUri);
-        } catch (IOException | GeneralSecurityException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Could not verify new log list", e);
-        }
-        if (!success) {
+        LogListUpdateStatus updateStatus = mSignatureVerifier.verify(contentUri, metadataUri);
+        // TODO(b/391327942): parse file and log the timestamp of the log list
+
+        if (!updateStatus.isSignatureVerified()) {
             Log.w(TAG, "Log list did not pass verification");
 
-            // TODO(b/384931263): add logging for failed signature verification
+            mLogger.logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(updateStatus);
+
             return;
         }
 
-        String version = null;
-        try (InputStream inputStream = mContext.getContentResolver().openInputStream(contentUri)) {
-            version = new JSONObject(new String(inputStream.readAllBytes(), UTF_8))
-                    .getString("version");
-        } catch (JSONException | IOException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Could not extract version from log list", e);
-            return;
-        }
+        boolean success = false;
 
         try (InputStream inputStream = mContext.getContentResolver().openInputStream(contentUri)) {
-            success = mInstaller.install(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION, inputStream, version);
+            success = compatVersion.install(inputStream);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Could not install new content", e);
             return;
         }
 
         if (success) {
-            // Update information about the stored version on successful install.
-            mDataStore.setProperty(Config.VERSION, version);
-
             // Reset the number of consecutive log list failure updates back to zero.
             mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* value= */ 0);
             mDataStore.store();
         } else {
-            if (updateFailureCount()) {
-                mLogger.logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-                        CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS,
-                        mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                            Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0));
+            mLogger.logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(
+                    updateStatus
+                            .toBuilder()
+                            .setState(CTLogListUpdateState.VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS)
+                            .build());
             }
         }
-    }
 
     private void handleDownloadFailed(DownloadStatus status) {
         Log.e(TAG, "Download failed with " + status);
 
-        if (updateFailureCount()) {
-            int failureCount = mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                    Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0);
-
-            // HTTP Error
-            if (400 <= status.reason() && status.reason() <= 600) {
-                mLogger.logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-                        CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_HTTP_ERROR,
-                        failureCount,
-                        status.reason()
-                );
-            } else {
-                // TODO(b/384935059): handle blocked domain logging
-                // TODO(b/384936292): add additionalchecks for pending wifi status
-                mLogger.logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-                        downloadStatusToFailureReason(status.reason()),
-                        failureCount
-                );
-            }
+        LogListUpdateStatus.Builder updateStatus = LogListUpdateStatus.builder();
+        if (status.isHttpError()) {
+            updateStatus
+                    .setState(CTLogListUpdateState.HTTP_ERROR)
+                    .setHttpErrorStatusCode(status.reason());
+        } else {
+            // TODO(b/384935059): handle blocked domain logging
+            updateStatus.setDownloadStatus(Optional.of(status.reason()));
         }
-    }
 
-    /** Converts DownloadStatus reason into failure reason to log. */
-    private int downloadStatusToFailureReason(int downloadStatusReason) {
-        switch(downloadStatusReason) {
-            case DownloadManager.PAUSED_WAITING_TO_RETRY:
-            case DownloadManager.PAUSED_WAITING_FOR_NETWORK:
-                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_DEVICE_OFFLINE;
-            case DownloadManager.ERROR_UNHANDLED_HTTP_CODE:
-            case DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR:
-                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_HTTP_ERROR;
-            case DownloadManager.ERROR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS:
-                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS;
-            case DownloadManager.ERROR_CANNOT_RESUME:
-                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_DOWNLOAD_CANNOT_RESUME;
-            case DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE:
-                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE;
-            case DownloadManager.PAUSED_QUEUED_FOR_WIFI:
-                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__PENDING_WAITING_FOR_WIFI;
-            default:
-                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_UNKNOWN;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the data store with the current number of consecutive log list update failures.
-     *
-     * @return whether the failure count exceeds the threshold and should be logged.
-     */
-    private boolean updateFailureCount() {
-        int failure_count = mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0);
-        int new_failure_count = failure_count + 1;
-
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, new_failure_count);
-        mDataStore.store();
-
-        boolean shouldReport = new_failure_count >= Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD;
-        if (shouldReport) {
-            Log.d(TAG,
-                    "Log list update failure count exceeds threshold: " + new_failure_count);
-        }
-        return shouldReport;
+        mLogger.logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(updateStatus.build());
     }
 
     private long download(String url) {
@@ -326,17 +258,19 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     long getPublicKeyDownloadId() {
-        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
+        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_DOWNLOAD_ID, /* defaultValue= */ -1);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    long getMetadataDownloadId() {
-        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
+    long getMetadataDownloadId(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
+        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(
+                compatVersion.getMetadataPropertyName(), /* defaultValue */ -1);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    long getContentDownloadId() {
-        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
+    long getContentDownloadId(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
+        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(
+                compatVersion.getContentPropertyName(), /* defaultValue= */ -1);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -346,38 +280,27 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     boolean hasMetadataDownloadId() {
-        return getMetadataDownloadId() != -1;
+        return mCompatVersions.stream()
+                .map(this::getMetadataDownloadId)
+                .anyMatch(downloadId -> downloadId != -1);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     boolean hasContentDownloadId() {
-        return getContentDownloadId() != -1;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean isPublicKeyDownloadId(long downloadId) {
-        return getPublicKeyDownloadId() == downloadId;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean isMetadataDownloadId(long downloadId) {
-        return getMetadataDownloadId() == downloadId;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean isContentDownloadId(long downloadId) {
-        return getContentDownloadId() == downloadId;
+        return mCompatVersions.stream()
+                .map(this::getContentDownloadId)
+                .anyMatch(downloadId -> downloadId != -1);
     }
 
     private Uri getPublicKeyDownloadUri() {
         return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getPublicKeyDownloadId());
     }
 
-    private Uri getMetadataDownloadUri() {
-        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getMetadataDownloadId());
+    private Uri getMetadataDownloadUri(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
+        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getMetadataDownloadId(compatVersion));
     }
 
-    private Uri getContentDownloadUri() {
-        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getContentDownloadId());
+    private Uri getContentDownloadUri(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
+        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getContentDownloadId(compatVersion));
     }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3138ea7..0000000
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package com.android.server.net.ct;
-
-import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
-import android.os.Build;
-import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
-import android.provider.DeviceConfig.Properties;
-import android.text.TextUtils;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-
-/** Listener class for the Certificate Transparency Phenotype flags. */
-@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
-class CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener implements DeviceConfig.OnPropertiesChangedListener {
-
-    private static final String TAG = "CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener";
-
-    private final DataStore mDataStore;
-    private final SignatureVerifier mSignatureVerifier;
-    private final CertificateTransparencyDownloader mCertificateTransparencyDownloader;
-
-    CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener(
-            DataStore dataStore,
-            SignatureVerifier signatureVerifier,
-            CertificateTransparencyDownloader certificateTransparencyDownloader) {
-        mDataStore = dataStore;
-        mSignatureVerifier = signatureVerifier;
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader = certificateTransparencyDownloader;
-    }
-
-    void initialize() {
-        mDataStore.load();
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.initialize();
-        DeviceConfig.addOnPropertiesChangedListener(
-                Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), this);
-        if (Config.DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener initialized successfully");
-        }
-        // TODO: handle property changes triggering on boot before registering this listener.
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onPropertiesChanged(Properties properties) {
-        if (!Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY.equals(properties.getNamespace())) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        String newPublicKey =
-                DeviceConfig.getString(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
-                        Config.FLAG_PUBLIC_KEY,
-                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
-        String newVersion =
-                DeviceConfig.getString(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
-                        Config.FLAG_VERSION,
-                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
-        String newContentUrl =
-                DeviceConfig.getString(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
-                        Config.FLAG_CONTENT_URL,
-                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
-        String newMetadataUrl =
-                DeviceConfig.getString(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
-                        Config.FLAG_METADATA_URL,
-                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
-        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(newPublicKey)
-                || TextUtils.isEmpty(newVersion)
-                || TextUtils.isEmpty(newContentUrl)
-                || TextUtils.isEmpty(newMetadataUrl)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (Config.DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "newPublicKey=" + newPublicKey);
-            Log.d(TAG, "newVersion=" + newVersion);
-            Log.d(TAG, "newContentUrl=" + newContentUrl);
-            Log.d(TAG, "newMetadataUrl=" + newMetadataUrl);
-        }
-
-        String oldVersion = mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION);
-        String oldContentUrl = mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL);
-        String oldMetadataUrl = mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL);
-
-        if (TextUtils.equals(newVersion, oldVersion)
-                && TextUtils.equals(newContentUrl, oldContentUrl)
-                && TextUtils.equals(newMetadataUrl, oldMetadataUrl)) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "No flag changed, ignoring update");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(newPublicKey);
-        } catch (GeneralSecurityException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Error setting the public Key", e);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // TODO: handle the case where there is already a pending download.
-
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL, newContentUrl);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL, newMetadataUrl);
-        mDataStore.store();
-
-        if (mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload() == -1) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Metadata download not started.");
-        } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "Metadata download started successfully.");
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstaller.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstaller.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 9970667..0000000
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstaller.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package com.android.server.net.ct;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-/** Installer of CT log lists. */
-public class CertificateTransparencyInstaller {
-
-    private static final String TAG = "CertificateTransparencyInstaller";
-
-    private final Map<String, CompatibilityVersion> mCompatVersions = new HashMap<>();
-
-    // The CT root directory.
-    private final File mRootDirectory;
-
-    public CertificateTransparencyInstaller(File rootDirectory) {
-        mRootDirectory = rootDirectory;
-    }
-
-    public CertificateTransparencyInstaller(String rootDirectoryPath) {
-        this(new File(rootDirectoryPath));
-    }
-
-    public CertificateTransparencyInstaller() {
-        this(Config.CT_ROOT_DIRECTORY_PATH);
-    }
-
-    void addCompatibilityVersion(String versionName) {
-        removeCompatibilityVersion(versionName);
-        CompatibilityVersion newCompatVersion =
-                new CompatibilityVersion(new File(mRootDirectory, versionName));
-        mCompatVersions.put(versionName, newCompatVersion);
-    }
-
-    void removeCompatibilityVersion(String versionName) {
-        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion = mCompatVersions.remove(versionName);
-        if (compatVersion != null && !compatVersion.delete()) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Could not delete compatibility version directory.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    CompatibilityVersion getCompatibilityVersion(String versionName) {
-        return mCompatVersions.get(versionName);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Install a new log list to use during SCT verification.
-     *
-     * @param compatibilityVersion the compatibility version of the new log list
-     * @param newContent an input stream providing the log list
-     * @param version the minor version of the new log list
-     * @return true if the log list was installed successfully, false otherwise.
-     * @throws IOException if the list cannot be saved in the CT directory.
-     */
-    public boolean install(String compatibilityVersion, InputStream newContent, String version)
-            throws IOException {
-        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion = mCompatVersions.get(compatibilityVersion);
-        if (compatVersion == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "No compatibility version for " + compatibilityVersion);
-            return false;
-        }
-        // Ensure root directory exists and is readable.
-        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mRootDirectory);
-
-        if (!compatVersion.install(newContent, version)) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to install logs version " + version);
-            return false;
-        }
-        Log.i(TAG, "New logs installed at " + compatVersion.getLogsDir());
-        return true;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyJob.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyJob.java
index abede87..e6f1379 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyJob.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyJob.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.app.DownloadManager;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -36,38 +37,69 @@
     private final Context mContext;
     private final DataStore mDataStore;
     private final CertificateTransparencyDownloader mCertificateTransparencyDownloader;
+    private final CompatibilityVersion mCompatVersion;
     private final AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
+    private final PendingIntent mPendingIntent;
 
+    private boolean mScheduled = false;
     private boolean mDependenciesReady = false;
 
     /** Creates a new {@link CertificateTransparencyJob} object. */
     public CertificateTransparencyJob(
             Context context,
             DataStore dataStore,
-            CertificateTransparencyDownloader certificateTransparencyDownloader) {
+            CertificateTransparencyDownloader certificateTransparencyDownloader,
+            CompatibilityVersion compatVersion) {
         mContext = context;
         mDataStore = dataStore;
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader = certificateTransparencyDownloader;
-        mAlarmManager = context.getSystemService(AlarmManager.class);
-    }
+        mCompatVersion = compatVersion;
 
-    void initialize() {
-        mContext.registerReceiver(
-                this,
-                new IntentFilter(ConfigUpdate.ACTION_UPDATE_CT_LOGS),
-                Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
-        mAlarmManager.setInexactRepeating(
-                AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME,
-                SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), // schedule first job at earliest convenient time.
-                AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY,
+        mAlarmManager = context.getSystemService(AlarmManager.class);
+        mPendingIntent =
                 PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
                         mContext,
-                        0,
+                        /* requestCode= */ 0,
                         new Intent(ConfigUpdate.ACTION_UPDATE_CT_LOGS),
-                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
+                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+    }
+
+    void schedule() {
+        if (!mScheduled) {
+            mContext.registerReceiver(
+                    this,
+                    new IntentFilter(ConfigUpdate.ACTION_UPDATE_CT_LOGS),
+                    Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
+            mAlarmManager.setInexactRepeating(
+                    AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME,
+                    SystemClock
+                            .elapsedRealtime(), // schedule first job at earliest convenient time.
+                    AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY,
+                    mPendingIntent);
+        }
+        mScheduled = true;
 
         if (Config.DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyJob scheduled successfully.");
+            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyJob scheduled.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void cancel() {
+        if (mScheduled) {
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(this);
+            mAlarmManager.cancel(mPendingIntent);
+        }
+        mScheduled = false;
+
+        if (mDependenciesReady) {
+            stopDependencies();
+        }
+        mDependenciesReady = false;
+
+        mCompatVersion.delete();
+
+        if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyJob canceled.");
         }
     }
 
@@ -81,20 +113,37 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "Starting CT daily job.");
         }
         if (!mDependenciesReady) {
-            mDataStore.load();
-            mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.initialize();
+            startDependencies();
             mDependenciesReady = true;
         }
 
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL, Config.URL_LOG_LIST);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL, Config.URL_SIGNATURE);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_URL, Config.URL_PUBLIC_KEY);
-        mDataStore.store();
-
         if (mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload() == -1) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Public key download not started.");
         } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Public key download started successfully.");
         }
     }
+
+    private void startDependencies() {
+        mDataStore.load();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.addCompatibilityVersion(mCompatVersion);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                mCertificateTransparencyDownloader,
+                new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE),
+                Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
+
+        if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyJob dependencies ready.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stopDependencies() {
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.clearCompatibilityVersions();
+        mDataStore.delete();
+
+        if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyJob dependencies stopped.");
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyLogger.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyLogger.java
index 93493c2..967a04b 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyLogger.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyLogger.java
@@ -16,37 +16,29 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED;
-
-/** Helper class to interface with logging to statsd. */
-public class CertificateTransparencyLogger {
-
-    public CertificateTransparencyLogger() {}
+/** Interface with logging to statsd for Certificate Transparency. */
+public interface CertificateTransparencyLogger {
 
     /**
-     * Logs a CTLogListUpdateFailed event to statsd, when no HTTP error status code is present.
+     * Logs a CTLogListUpdateStateChanged event to statsd.
      *
-     * @param failureReason reason why the log list wasn't updated (e.g. DownloadManager failures)
-     * @param failureCount number of consecutive log list update failures
+     * @param updateStatus status object containing details from this update event (e.g. log list
+     * signature, log list timestamp, failure reason if applicable)
      */
-    public void logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(int failureReason, int failureCount) {
-        logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(failureReason, failureCount, /* httpErrorStatusCode= */ 0);
-    }
+    void logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(LogListUpdateStatus updateStatus);
 
     /**
-     * Logs a CTLogListUpdateFailed event to statsd, when an HTTP error status code is provided.
+     * Intermediate enum for use with CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.
      *
-     * @param failureReason reason why the log list wasn't updated (e.g. DownloadManager failures)
-     * @param failureCount number of consecutive log list update failures
-     * @param httpErrorStatusCode if relevant, the HTTP error status code from DownloadManager
+     * This enum primarily exists to avoid 100+ char line alert fatigue.
      */
-    public void logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-            int failureReason, int failureCount, int httpErrorStatusCode) {
-        CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.write(
-                CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED,
-                failureReason,
-                failureCount,
-                httpErrorStatusCode
-        );
+    enum CTLogListUpdateState {
+        UNKNOWN_STATE,
+        HTTP_ERROR,
+        PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND,
+        SIGNATURE_INVALID,
+        SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND,
+        SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED,
+        VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS
     }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyLoggerImpl.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyLoggerImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c3210d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyLoggerImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.ct;
+
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_DEVICE_OFFLINE;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_DOWNLOAD_CANNOT_RESUME;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_HTTP_ERROR;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_SIGNATURE_INVALID;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_UNKNOWN;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__PENDING_WAITING_FOR_WIFI;
+
+import android.app.DownloadManager;
+
+/** Implementation for logging to statsd for Certificate Transparency. */
+class CertificateTransparencyLoggerImpl implements CertificateTransparencyLogger {
+
+    private final DataStore mDataStore;
+
+    CertificateTransparencyLoggerImpl(DataStore dataStore) {
+        mDataStore = dataStore;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(LogListUpdateStatus updateStatus) {
+        int updateState =
+                updateStatus
+                        .downloadStatus()
+                        .map(s -> downloadStatusToFailureReason(s))
+                        .orElseGet(() -> localEnumToStatsLogEnum(updateStatus.state()));
+        int failureCount =
+                mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                        Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0);
+
+        logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(
+                updateState,
+                failureCount,
+                updateStatus.httpErrorStatusCode(),
+                updateStatus.signature());
+    }
+
+    private void logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(
+            int updateState, int failureCount, int httpErrorStatusCode, String signature) {
+        updateFailureCount();
+
+        CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.write(
+                CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED,
+                updateState,
+                failureCount,
+                httpErrorStatusCode,
+                signature,
+                /* logListTimestampMs= */ 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the data store with the current number of consecutive log list update failures.
+     */
+    private void updateFailureCount() {
+        int failure_count =
+                mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                        Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0);
+        int new_failure_count = failure_count + 1;
+
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, new_failure_count);
+        mDataStore.store();
+    }
+
+    /** Converts DownloadStatus reason into failure reason to log. */
+    private int downloadStatusToFailureReason(int downloadStatusReason) {
+        switch (downloadStatusReason) {
+            case DownloadManager.PAUSED_WAITING_TO_RETRY:
+            case DownloadManager.PAUSED_WAITING_FOR_NETWORK:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_DEVICE_OFFLINE;
+            case DownloadManager.ERROR_UNHANDLED_HTTP_CODE:
+            case DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_HTTP_ERROR;
+            case DownloadManager.ERROR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS;
+            case DownloadManager.ERROR_CANNOT_RESUME:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_DOWNLOAD_CANNOT_RESUME;
+            case DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE;
+            case DownloadManager.PAUSED_QUEUED_FOR_WIFI:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__PENDING_WAITING_FOR_WIFI;
+            default:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Converts the local enum to the corresponding auto-generated one used by CTStatsLog. */
+    private int localEnumToStatsLogEnum(CTLogListUpdateState updateState) {
+        switch (updateState) {
+            case HTTP_ERROR:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_HTTP_ERROR;
+            case PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND;
+            case SIGNATURE_INVALID:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_SIGNATURE_INVALID;
+            case SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND;
+            case SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION;
+            case VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+            case UNKNOWN_STATE:
+            default:
+                return CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_STATE_CHANGED__UPDATE_STATUS__FAILURE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
index 2a27204..a71ff7c 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 import static android.security.Flags.certificateTransparencyConfiguration;
 
-import static com.android.net.ct.flags.Flags.certificateTransparencyJob;
 import static com.android.net.ct.flags.Flags.certificateTransparencyService;
 
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
@@ -26,45 +25,48 @@
 import android.net.ct.ICertificateTransparencyManager;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig.Properties;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.server.SystemService;
 
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
 /** Implementation of the Certificate Transparency service. */
 @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
-public class CertificateTransparencyService extends ICertificateTransparencyManager.Stub {
+public class CertificateTransparencyService extends ICertificateTransparencyManager.Stub
+        implements DeviceConfig.OnPropertiesChangedListener {
 
-    private final CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener mFlagsListener;
+    private static final String TAG = "CertificateTransparencyService";
+
     private final CertificateTransparencyJob mCertificateTransparencyJob;
 
     /**
      * @return true if the CertificateTransparency service is enabled.
      */
     public static boolean enabled(Context context) {
-        return DeviceConfig.getBoolean(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
-                        Config.FLAG_SERVICE_ENABLED,
-                        /* defaultValue= */ true)
-                && certificateTransparencyService()
-                && certificateTransparencyConfiguration();
+        return certificateTransparencyService() && certificateTransparencyConfiguration();
     }
 
     /** Creates a new {@link CertificateTransparencyService} object. */
     public CertificateTransparencyService(Context context) {
         DataStore dataStore = new DataStore(Config.PREFERENCES_FILE);
-        DownloadHelper downloadHelper = new DownloadHelper(context);
-        SignatureVerifier signatureVerifier = new SignatureVerifier(context);
-        CertificateTransparencyDownloader downloader =
-                new CertificateTransparencyDownloader(
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyJob =
+                new CertificateTransparencyJob(
                         context,
                         dataStore,
-                        downloadHelper,
-                        signatureVerifier,
-                        new CertificateTransparencyInstaller(),
-                        new CertificateTransparencyLogger());
-        mFlagsListener =
-                new CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener(dataStore, signatureVerifier, downloader);
-        mCertificateTransparencyJob =
-                new CertificateTransparencyJob(context, dataStore, downloader);
+                        new CertificateTransparencyDownloader(
+                                context,
+                                dataStore,
+                                new DownloadHelper(context),
+                                new SignatureVerifier(context),
+                                new CertificateTransparencyLoggerImpl(dataStore)),
+                        new CompatibilityVersion(
+                                Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION,
+                                Config.URL_SIGNATURE,
+                                Config.URL_LOG_LIST,
+                                Config.CT_ROOT_DIRECTORY_PATH));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -75,13 +77,44 @@
     public void onBootPhase(int phase) {
         switch (phase) {
             case SystemService.PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED:
-                if (certificateTransparencyJob()) {
-                    mCertificateTransparencyJob.initialize();
-                } else {
-                    mFlagsListener.initialize();
-                }
+                DeviceConfig.addOnPropertiesChangedListener(
+                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
+                        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
+                        this);
+                onPropertiesChanged(
+                        new Properties.Builder(Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY).build());
                 break;
             default:
         }
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onPropertiesChanged(Properties properties) {
+        if (!Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY.equals(properties.getNamespace())) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (DeviceConfig.getBoolean(
+                Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
+                Config.FLAG_SERVICE_ENABLED,
+                /* defaultValue= */ true)) {
+            startService();
+        } else {
+            stopService();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void startService() {
+        if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyService start");
+        }
+        mCertificateTransparencyJob.schedule();
+    }
+
+    private void stopService() {
+        if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyService stop");
+        }
+        mCertificateTransparencyJob.cancel();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersion.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersion.java
index 27488b5..9d60163 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersion.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersion.java
@@ -15,58 +15,95 @@
  */
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
+import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
 
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 
 /** Represents a compatibility version directory. */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
 class CompatibilityVersion {
 
+    private static final String TAG = "CompatibilityVersion";
+
     static final String LOGS_DIR_PREFIX = "logs-";
     static final String LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME = "log_list.json";
+    static final String CURRENT_LOGS_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME = "current";
 
-    private static final String CURRENT_LOGS_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME = "current";
+    private final String mCompatVersion;
 
+    private final String mMetadataUrl;
+    private final String mContentUrl;
     private final File mRootDirectory;
+    private final File mVersionDirectory;
     private final File mCurrentLogsDirSymlink;
 
-    private File mCurrentLogsDir = null;
-
-    CompatibilityVersion(File rootDirectory) {
+    CompatibilityVersion(
+            String compatVersion, String metadataUrl, String contentUrl, File rootDirectory) {
+        mCompatVersion = compatVersion;
+        mMetadataUrl = metadataUrl;
+        mContentUrl = contentUrl;
         mRootDirectory = rootDirectory;
-        mCurrentLogsDirSymlink = new File(mRootDirectory, CURRENT_LOGS_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME);
+        mVersionDirectory = new File(rootDirectory, compatVersion);
+        mCurrentLogsDirSymlink = new File(mVersionDirectory, CURRENT_LOGS_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME);
+    }
+
+    CompatibilityVersion(
+            String compatVersion, String metadataUrl, String contentUrl, String rootDirectoryPath) {
+        this(compatVersion, metadataUrl, contentUrl, new File(rootDirectoryPath));
     }
 
     /**
      * Installs a log list within this compatibility version directory.
      *
      * @param newContent an input stream providing the log list
-     * @param version the version number of the log list
      * @return true if the log list was installed successfully, false otherwise.
      * @throws IOException if the list cannot be saved in the CT directory.
      */
-    boolean install(InputStream newContent, String version) throws IOException {
-        // To support atomically replacing the old configuration directory with the new there's a
-        // bunch of steps. We create a new directory with the logs and then do an atomic update of
-        // the current symlink to point to the new directory.
-        // 1. Ensure that the root directory exists and is readable.
-        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mRootDirectory);
+    boolean install(InputStream newContent) throws IOException {
+        String content = new String(newContent.readAllBytes(), UTF_8);
+        try {
+            return install(
+                    new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()),
+                    new JSONObject(content).getString("version"));
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "invalid log list format", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
 
-        File newLogsDir = new File(mRootDirectory, LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + version);
+    private boolean install(InputStream newContent, String version) throws IOException {
+        // To support atomically replacing the old configuration directory with the new
+        // there's a bunch of steps. We create a new directory with the logs and then do
+        // an atomic update of the current symlink to point to the new directory.
+        // 1. Ensure the path to the root and version directories exist and are readable.
+        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mRootDirectory);
+        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mVersionDirectory);
+
+        File newLogsDir = new File(mVersionDirectory, LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + version);
         // 2. Handle the corner case where the new directory already exists.
         if (newLogsDir.exists()) {
-            // If the symlink has already been updated then the update died between steps 6 and 7
-            // and so we cannot delete the directory since it is in use.
+            // If the symlink has already been updated then the update died between steps 6
+            // and 7 and so we cannot delete the directory since it is in use.
             if (newLogsDir.getCanonicalPath().equals(mCurrentLogsDirSymlink.getCanonicalPath())) {
+                Log.i(TAG, newLogsDir + " already exists, skipping install.");
                 deleteOldLogDirectories();
                 return false;
             }
-            // If the symlink has not been updated then the previous installation failed and this is
-            // a re-attempt. Clean-up leftover files and try again.
+            // If the symlink has not been updated then the previous installation failed and
+            // this is a re-attempt. Clean-up leftover files and try again.
             DirectoryUtils.removeDir(newLogsDir);
         }
         try {
@@ -80,8 +117,8 @@
             }
             DirectoryUtils.setWorldReadable(logListFile);
 
-            // 5. Create temp symlink. We rename this to the target symlink to get an atomic update.
-            File tempSymlink = new File(mRootDirectory, "new_symlink");
+            // 5. Create temp symlink. We rename to the target symlink for an atomic update.
+            File tempSymlink = new File(mVersionDirectory, "new_symlink");
             try {
                 Os.symlink(newLogsDir.getCanonicalPath(), tempSymlink.getCanonicalPath());
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
@@ -95,17 +132,33 @@
             throw e;
         }
         // 7. Cleanup
-        mCurrentLogsDir = newLogsDir;
+        Log.i(TAG, "New logs installed at " + newLogsDir);
         deleteOldLogDirectories();
         return true;
     }
 
-    File getRootDir() {
-        return mRootDirectory;
+    String getCompatVersion() {
+        return mCompatVersion;
     }
 
-    File getLogsDir() {
-        return mCurrentLogsDir;
+    String getMetadataUrl() {
+        return mMetadataUrl;
+    }
+
+    String getMetadataPropertyName() {
+        return mCompatVersion + "_" + Config.METADATA_DOWNLOAD_ID;
+    }
+
+    String getContentUrl() {
+        return mContentUrl;
+    }
+
+    String getContentPropertyName() {
+        return mCompatVersion + "_" + Config.CONTENT_DOWNLOAD_ID;
+    }
+
+    File getVersionDir() {
+        return mVersionDirectory;
     }
 
     File getLogsDirSymlink() {
@@ -113,19 +166,21 @@
     }
 
     File getLogsFile() {
-        return new File(mCurrentLogsDir, LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
+        return new File(mCurrentLogsDirSymlink, LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
     }
 
-    boolean delete() {
-        return DirectoryUtils.removeDir(mRootDirectory);
+    void delete() {
+        if (!DirectoryUtils.removeDir(mVersionDirectory)) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Could not delete compatibility version directory " + mVersionDirectory);
+        }
     }
 
     private void deleteOldLogDirectories() throws IOException {
-        if (!mRootDirectory.exists()) {
+        if (!mVersionDirectory.exists()) {
             return;
         }
         File currentTarget = mCurrentLogsDirSymlink.getCanonicalFile();
-        for (File file : mRootDirectory.listFiles()) {
+        for (File file : mVersionDirectory.listFiles()) {
             if (!currentTarget.equals(file.getCanonicalFile())
                     && file.getName().startsWith(LOGS_DIR_PREFIX)) {
                 DirectoryUtils.removeDir(file);
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java
index aafee60..5fdba09 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java
@@ -48,11 +48,8 @@
 
     // properties
     static final String VERSION = "version";
-    static final String CONTENT_URL = "content_url";
     static final String CONTENT_DOWNLOAD_ID = "content_download_id";
-    static final String METADATA_URL = "metadata_url";
     static final String METADATA_DOWNLOAD_ID = "metadata_download_id";
-    static final String PUBLIC_KEY_URL = "public_key_url";
     static final String PUBLIC_KEY_DOWNLOAD_ID = "public_key_download_id";
     static final String LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT = "log_list_update_failure_count";
 
@@ -61,7 +58,4 @@
     static final String URL_LOG_LIST = URL_PREFIX + "log_list.json";
     static final String URL_SIGNATURE = URL_PREFIX + "log_list.sig";
     static final String URL_PUBLIC_KEY = URL_PREFIX + "log_list.pub";
-
-    // Threshold amounts
-    static final int LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD = 10;
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java
index 3779269..8180316 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java
@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@
         }
     }
 
+    boolean delete() {
+        clear();
+        return mPropertyFile.delete();
+    }
+
     long getPropertyLong(String key, long defaultValue) {
         return Optional.ofNullable(getProperty(key)).map(Long::parseLong).orElse(defaultValue);
     }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/LogListUpdateStatus.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/LogListUpdateStatus.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d05857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/LogListUpdateStatus.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net.ct;
+
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_INVALID;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED;
+
+import com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState;
+
+import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/** Class to represent the signature verification status for Certificate Transparency. */
+@AutoValue
+public abstract class LogListUpdateStatus {
+
+    abstract CTLogListUpdateState state();
+
+    abstract String signature();
+
+    abstract long logListTimestamp();
+
+    abstract int httpErrorStatusCode();
+
+    abstract Optional<Integer> downloadStatus();
+
+    boolean isSignatureVerified() {
+        // Check that none of the signature verification failures have been set as the state
+        return state() != PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND
+                && state() != SIGNATURE_INVALID
+                && state() != SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND
+                && state() != SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    boolean hasSignature() {
+        return signature() != null && signature().length() > 0;
+    }
+
+    @AutoValue.Builder
+    abstract static class Builder {
+        abstract Builder setState(CTLogListUpdateState updateState);
+
+        abstract Builder setSignature(String signature);
+
+        abstract Builder setLogListTimestamp(long timestamp);
+
+        abstract Builder setHttpErrorStatusCode(int httpStatusCode);
+
+        abstract Builder setDownloadStatus(Optional<Integer> downloadStatus);
+
+        abstract LogListUpdateStatus build();
+    }
+
+    abstract LogListUpdateStatus.Builder toBuilder();
+
+    static Builder builder() {
+        return new AutoValue_LogListUpdateStatus.Builder()
+            .setState(CTLogListUpdateState.UNKNOWN_STATE)
+            .setSignature("")
+            .setLogListTimestamp(0L)
+            .setHttpErrorStatusCode(0)
+            .setDownloadStatus(Optional.empty());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/SignatureVerifier.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/SignatureVerifier.java
index 0b775ca..3ba56db 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/SignatureVerifier.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/SignatureVerifier.java
@@ -15,17 +15,24 @@
  */
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_INVALID;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND;
+import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
 import java.security.KeyFactory;
@@ -40,6 +47,7 @@
 public class SignatureVerifier {
 
     private final Context mContext;
+    private static final String TAG = "SignatureVerifier";
 
     @NonNull private Optional<PublicKey> mPublicKey = Optional.empty();
 
@@ -63,10 +71,15 @@
     }
 
     void setPublicKey(String publicKey) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        byte[] decodedPublicKey = null;
+        try {
+            decodedPublicKey = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            throw new GeneralSecurityException("Invalid public key base64 encoding", e);
+        }
         setPublicKey(
                 KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
-                        .generatePublic(
-                                new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey))));
+                        .generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decodedPublicKey)));
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -74,18 +87,54 @@
         mPublicKey = Optional.of(publicKey);
     }
 
-    boolean verify(Uri file, Uri signature) throws GeneralSecurityException, IOException {
+    LogListUpdateStatus verify(Uri file, Uri signature) {
+        LogListUpdateStatus.Builder statusBuilder = LogListUpdateStatus.builder();
+
         if (!mPublicKey.isPresent()) {
-            throw new InvalidKeyException("Missing public key for signature verification");
+            statusBuilder.setState(PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND);
+            Log.e(TAG, "No public key found for log list verification");
+            return statusBuilder.build();
         }
-        Signature verifier = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
-        verifier.initVerify(mPublicKey.get());
+
         ContentResolver contentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
 
         try (InputStream fileStream = contentResolver.openInputStream(file);
                 InputStream signatureStream = contentResolver.openInputStream(signature)) {
+            Signature verifier = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
+            verifier.initVerify(mPublicKey.get());
             verifier.update(fileStream.readAllBytes());
-            return verifier.verify(signatureStream.readAllBytes());
+
+            byte[] signatureBytes = signatureStream.readAllBytes();
+            try {
+                byte[] decodedSigBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(signatureBytes);
+                statusBuilder.setSignature(new String(decodedSigBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+
+                if (!verifier.verify(decodedSigBytes)) {
+                    // Leave the UpdateState as UNKNOWN_STATE if successful as there are other
+                    // potential failures past the signature verification step
+                    statusBuilder.setState(SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED);
+                }
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Invalid signature base64 encoding", e);
+                statusBuilder.setSignature(new String(signatureBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                statusBuilder.setState(SIGNATURE_INVALID);
+                return statusBuilder.build();
+            }
+        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Signature invalid for log list verification", e);
+            statusBuilder.setState(SIGNATURE_INVALID);
+            return statusBuilder.build();
+        } catch (IOException | GeneralSecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Could not verify new log list", e);
+            statusBuilder.setState(SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED);
+            return statusBuilder.build();
         }
+
+        // Double check if the signature is empty that we set the state correctly
+        if (!statusBuilder.build().hasSignature()) {
+            statusBuilder.setState(SIGNATURE_NOT_FOUND);
+        }
+
+        return statusBuilder.build();
     }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java
index 3a359f4..08704d1 100644
--- a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java
+++ b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java
@@ -13,18 +13,13 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE;
-import static com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyStatsLog.CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS;
-
+import static com.google.common.io.Files.toByteArray;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@@ -42,6 +37,8 @@
 
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
+import com.android.server.net.ct.CertificateTransparencyLogger.CTLogListUpdateState;
+
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -49,6 +46,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -58,6 +56,7 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.security.KeyPair;
 import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
@@ -65,21 +64,23 @@
 import java.security.PublicKey;
 import java.security.Signature;
 import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 /** Tests for the {@link CertificateTransparencyDownloader}. */
 @RunWith(JUnit4.class)
 public class CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest {
 
     @Mock private DownloadManager mDownloadManager;
-    @Mock private CertificateTransparencyInstaller mCertificateTransparencyInstaller;
     @Mock private CertificateTransparencyLogger mLogger;
+    private ArgumentCaptor<LogListUpdateStatus> mUpdateStatusCaptor =
+            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LogListUpdateStatus.class);
 
     private PrivateKey mPrivateKey;
     private PublicKey mPublicKey;
     private Context mContext;
-    private File mTempFile;
     private DataStore mDataStore;
     private SignatureVerifier mSignatureVerifier;
+    private CompatibilityVersion mCompatVersion;
     private CertificateTransparencyDownloader mCertificateTransparencyDownloader;
 
     private long mNextDownloadId = 666;
@@ -93,8 +94,7 @@
         mPublicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
 
         mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
-        mTempFile = File.createTempFile("datastore-test", ".properties");
-        mDataStore = new DataStore(mTempFile);
+        mDataStore = new DataStore(File.createTempFile("datastore-test", ".properties"));
         mSignatureVerifier = new SignatureVerifier(mContext);
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader =
                 new CertificateTransparencyDownloader(
@@ -102,56 +102,64 @@
                         mDataStore,
                         new DownloadHelper(mDownloadManager),
                         mSignatureVerifier,
-                        mCertificateTransparencyInstaller,
                         mLogger);
+        mCompatVersion =
+                new CompatibilityVersion(
+                        /* compatVersion= */ "v666",
+                        Config.URL_SIGNATURE,
+                        Config.URL_LOG_LIST,
+                        mContext.getFilesDir());
 
-        prepareDataStore();
         prepareDownloadManager();
+        mDataStore.load();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.addCompatibilityVersion(mCompatVersion);
     }
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() {
-        mTempFile.delete();
         mSignatureVerifier.resetPublicKey();
+        mCompatVersion.delete();
+        mDataStore.delete();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_startPublicKeyDownload() {
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasPublicKeyDownloadId()).isFalse();
+
         long downloadId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
 
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasPublicKeyDownloadId()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isPublicKeyDownloadId(downloadId)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getPublicKeyDownloadId())
+                .isEqualTo(downloadId);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_startMetadataDownload() {
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
-        long downloadId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
 
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isMetadataDownloadId(downloadId)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_startContentDownload() {
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
-        long downloadId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload(mCompatVersion);
 
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isContentDownloadId(downloadId)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadSuccess_updatePublicKey_startMetadataDownload()
             throws Exception {
-        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(publicKeyId, writePublicKeyToFile(mPublicKey));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
 
         assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId));
+                mContext, makePublicKeyDownloadCompleteIntent(writePublicKeyToFile(mPublicKey)));
 
         assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).hasValue(mPublicKey);
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isTrue();
@@ -161,14 +169,14 @@
     public void
             testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadSuccess_updatePublicKeyFail_doNotStartMetadataDownload()
                     throws Exception {
-        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(
-                publicKeyId, writeToFile("i_am_not_a_base64_encoded_public_key".getBytes()));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
 
         assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId));
+                mContext,
+                makePublicKeyDownloadCompleteIntent(
+                        writeToFile("i_am_not_a_base64_encoded_public_key".getBytes())));
 
         assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
@@ -176,301 +184,251 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadFail_doNotUpdatePublicKey() throws Exception {
-        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
-        setFailedDownload(
-                publicKeyId, // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
 
         assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makePublicKeyDownloadFailedIntent(DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makePublicKeyDownloadFailedIntent(DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR));
 
         assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
-                throws Exception {
-        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
-        setFailedDownload(
-                publicKeyId, // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId);
+    public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadFail_logsFailure()
+            throws Exception {
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
 
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makePublicKeyDownloadFailedIntent(DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE));
 
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
-        verify(mLogger, times(1)).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-                CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD
-        );
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
-                throws Exception {
-        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
-        setFailedDownload(
-                publicKeyId, // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId);
-
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(1);
-        verify(mLogger, never()).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(anyInt(), anyInt());
+        verify(mLogger, times(1))
+                .logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(
+                        LogListUpdateStatus.builder()
+                                .setDownloadStatus(
+                                        Optional.of(DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE))
+                                .build());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadSuccess_startContentDownload() {
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, new File("log_list.sig"));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
 
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId));
+                mContext,
+                makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, new File("log_list.sig")));
 
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadFail_doNotStartContentDownload() {
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setFailedDownload(
-                metadataId,
-                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
 
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makeMetadataDownloadFailedIntent(
+                        mCompatVersion, DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makeMetadataDownloadFailedIntent(
+                        mCompatVersion, DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR));
 
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
-                throws Exception {
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
-        setFailedDownload(
-                metadataId,
-                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId);
-
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
-        verify(mLogger, times(1)).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-                CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD
-        );
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
-                throws Exception {
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
-        setFailedDownload(
-                metadataId,
-                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId);
-
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(1);
-        verify(mLogger, never()).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(anyInt(), anyInt());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installSuccess_updateDataStore()
+    public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadFail_logsFailure()
             throws Exception {
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makeMetadataDownloadFailedIntent(
+                        mCompatVersion, DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE));
+
+        verify(mLogger, times(1))
+                .logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(
+                        LogListUpdateStatus.builder()
+                                .setDownloadStatus(
+                                        Optional.of(DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE))
+                                .build());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installSuccess() throws Exception {
         String newVersion = "456";
         File logListFile = makeLogListFile(newVersion);
         File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
         mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
-        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
-                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
-                .thenReturn(true);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
 
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, logListFile));
 
         assertInstallSuccessful(newVersion);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_contentDownloadFail_doNotInstall() throws Exception {
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        setFailedDownload(
-                contentId,
-                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload(mCompatVersion);
 
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makeContentDownloadFailedIntent(
+                        mCompatVersion, DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makeContentDownloadFailedIntent(
+                        mCompatVersion, DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR));
 
-        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, never()).install(any(), any(), any());
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
-                throws Exception {
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
-        setFailedDownload(
-                contentId,
-                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId);
-
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
-        verify(mLogger, times(1)).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-                CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_NO_DISK_SPACE,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD
-        );
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
-                throws Exception {
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
-        setFailedDownload(
-                contentId,
-                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
-                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
-        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId);
-
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
-
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(1);
-        verify(mLogger, never()).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(anyInt(), anyInt());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installFail_doNotUpdateDataStore()
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadFail_logsFailure()
             throws Exception {
-        File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
-        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload(mCompatVersion);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext,
+                makeContentDownloadFailedIntent(
+                        mCompatVersion, DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE));
+
+        verify(mLogger, times(1))
+                .logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(
+                        LogListUpdateStatus.builder()
+                                .setDownloadStatus(
+                                        Optional.of(DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE))
+                                .build());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_invalidLogList_installFails()
+            throws Exception {
+        File invalidLogListFile = writeToFile("not_a_json_log_list".getBytes());
+        File metadataFile = sign(invalidLogListFile);
         mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
-        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
-                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
-                .thenReturn(false);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
 
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, invalidLogListFile));
 
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void
-            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
+            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_noPublicKeyFound_logsSingleFailure()
                     throws Exception {
         File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
         File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
         mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
-        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
-                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
-                .thenReturn(false);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
 
+        // Set the public key to be missing
+        mSignatureVerifier.resetPublicKey();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, logListFile));
 
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
-        verify(mLogger, times(1)).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(
-                CERTIFICATE_TRANSPARENCY_LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILED__FAILURE_REASON__FAILURE_VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS,
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD
-        );
+        verify(mLogger, times(1))
+                .logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(mUpdateStatusCaptor.capture());
+        assertThat(mUpdateStatusCaptor.getValue().state())
+                .isEqualTo(CTLogListUpdateState.PUBLIC_KEY_NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void
-            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
+            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_wrongSignatureAlgo_logsSingleFailure()
                     throws Exception {
+        // Arrange
         File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
         File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
-        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
-        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
-        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
-        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
-                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
-                .thenReturn(false);
 
+        // Set the key to be deliberately wrong by using diff algorithm
+        KeyPairGenerator instance = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("EC");
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(instance.generateKeyPair().getPublic());
+
+        // Act
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, logListFile));
 
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
-                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
-                        .isEqualTo(1);
-        verify(mLogger, never()).logCTLogListUpdateFailedEvent(anyInt(), anyInt());
+        // Assert
+        verify(mLogger, times(1))
+                .logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(mUpdateStatusCaptor.capture());
+        assertThat(mUpdateStatusCaptor.getValue().state())
+                .isEqualTo(CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_INVALID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void
+            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_signatureNotVerified_logsSingleFailure()
+                    throws Exception {
+        // Arrange
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
+        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
+
+        // Set the key to be deliberately wrong by using diff key pair
+        KeyPairGenerator instance = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(instance.generateKeyPair().getPublic());
+
+        // Act
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, logListFile));
+
+        // Assert
+        byte[] signatureBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(toByteArray(metadataFile));
+        verify(mLogger, times(1))
+                .logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(mUpdateStatusCaptor.capture());
+        LogListUpdateStatus statusValue = mUpdateStatusCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(statusValue.state())
+                .isEqualTo(CTLogListUpdateState.SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED);
+        assertThat(statusValue.signature())
+                .isEqualTo(new String(signatureBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void
+            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installFail_logsFailure()
+                    throws Exception {
+        File invalidLogListFile = writeToFile("not_a_json_log_list".getBytes());
+        File metadataFile = sign(invalidLogListFile);
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, invalidLogListFile));
+
+        byte[] signatureBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(toByteArray(metadataFile));
+        verify(mLogger, times(1))
+                .logCTLogListUpdateStateChangedEvent(mUpdateStatusCaptor.capture());
+        LogListUpdateStatus statusValue = mUpdateStatusCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(statusValue.state()).isEqualTo(CTLogListUpdateState.VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS);
+        assertThat(statusValue.signature())
+                .isEqualTo(new String(signatureBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -479,17 +437,14 @@
         File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
         File metadataFile = File.createTempFile("log_list-wrong_metadata", "sig");
         mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
 
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, logListFile));
 
-        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, never())
-                .install(eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString());
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
     }
 
@@ -499,17 +454,14 @@
         File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
         File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
         mSignatureVerifier.resetPublicKey();
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
 
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, logListFile));
 
-        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, never())
-                .install(eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString());
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
     }
 
@@ -523,52 +475,37 @@
         assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
 
         // 1. Start download of public key.
-        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
 
-        // 2. On successful public key download, set the key and start the metatadata download.
-        setSuccessfulDownload(publicKeyId, publicKeyFile);
-
+        // 2. On successful public key download, set the key and start the metatadata
+        // download.
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId));
+                mContext, makePublicKeyDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyFile));
 
         // 3. On successful metadata download, start the content download.
-        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getMetadataDownloadId();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
-
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId));
+                mContext, makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, metadataFile));
 
-        // 4. On successful content download, verify the signature and install the new version.
-        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getContentDownloadId();
-        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
-        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
-                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
-                .thenReturn(true);
-
+        // 4. On successful content download, verify the signature and install the new
+        // version.
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+                mContext, makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(mCompatVersion, logListFile));
 
         assertInstallSuccessful(newVersion);
     }
 
     private void assertNoVersionIsInstalled() {
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION)).isNull();
+        assertThat(mCompatVersion.getVersionDir().exists()).isFalse();
     }
 
     private void assertInstallSuccessful(String version) {
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION)).isEqualTo(version);
-    }
-
-    private Intent makeDownloadCompleteIntent(long downloadId) {
-        return new Intent(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)
-                .putExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
-    }
-
-    private void prepareDataStore() {
-        mDataStore.load();
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL, Config.URL_LOG_LIST);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL, Config.URL_SIGNATURE);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_URL, Config.URL_PUBLIC_KEY);
+        File logsDir =
+                new File(
+                        mCompatVersion.getVersionDir(),
+                        CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + version);
+        assertThat(logsDir.exists()).isTrue();
+        File logsFile = new File(logsDir, CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
+        assertThat(logsFile.exists()).isTrue();
     }
 
     private void prepareDownloadManager() {
@@ -576,6 +513,32 @@
                 .thenAnswer(invocation -> mNextDownloadId++);
     }
 
+    private Intent makePublicKeyDownloadCompleteIntent(File publicKeyfile) {
+        return makeDownloadCompleteIntent(
+                mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getPublicKeyDownloadId(), publicKeyfile);
+    }
+
+    private Intent makeMetadataDownloadCompleteIntent(
+            CompatibilityVersion compatVersion, File signatureFile) {
+        return makeDownloadCompleteIntent(
+                mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getMetadataDownloadId(compatVersion),
+                signatureFile);
+    }
+
+    private Intent makeContentDownloadCompleteIntent(
+            CompatibilityVersion compatVersion, File logListFile) {
+        return makeDownloadCompleteIntent(
+                mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getContentDownloadId(compatVersion),
+                logListFile);
+    }
+
+    private Intent makeDownloadCompleteIntent(long downloadId, File file) {
+        when(mDownloadManager.query(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(makeSuccessfulDownloadCursor());
+        when(mDownloadManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadId)).thenReturn(Uri.fromFile(file));
+        return new Intent(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)
+                .putExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
+    }
+
     private Cursor makeSuccessfulDownloadCursor() {
         MatrixCursor cursor =
                 new MatrixCursor(
@@ -586,9 +549,26 @@
         return cursor;
     }
 
-    private void setSuccessfulDownload(long downloadId, File file) {
-        when(mDownloadManager.query(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(makeSuccessfulDownloadCursor());
-        when(mDownloadManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadId)).thenReturn(Uri.fromFile(file));
+    private Intent makePublicKeyDownloadFailedIntent(int error) {
+        return makeDownloadFailedIntent(
+                mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getPublicKeyDownloadId(), error);
+    }
+
+    private Intent makeMetadataDownloadFailedIntent(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion, int error) {
+        return makeDownloadFailedIntent(
+                mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getMetadataDownloadId(compatVersion), error);
+    }
+
+    private Intent makeContentDownloadFailedIntent(CompatibilityVersion compatVersion, int error) {
+        return makeDownloadFailedIntent(
+                mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getContentDownloadId(compatVersion), error);
+    }
+
+    private Intent makeDownloadFailedIntent(long downloadId, int error) {
+        when(mDownloadManager.query(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(makeFailedDownloadCursor(error));
+        when(mDownloadManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadId)).thenReturn(null);
+        return new Intent(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)
+                .putExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
     }
 
     private Cursor makeFailedDownloadCursor(int error) {
@@ -601,16 +581,6 @@
         return cursor;
     }
 
-    private void setFailedDownload(long downloadId, int... downloadManagerErrors) {
-        Cursor first = makeFailedDownloadCursor(downloadManagerErrors[0]);
-        Cursor[] others = new Cursor[downloadManagerErrors.length - 1];
-        for (int i = 1; i < downloadManagerErrors.length; i++) {
-            others[i - 1] = makeFailedDownloadCursor(downloadManagerErrors[i]);
-        }
-        when(mDownloadManager.query(any())).thenReturn(first, others);
-        when(mDownloadManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadId)).thenReturn(null);
-    }
-
     private File writePublicKeyToFile(PublicKey publicKey)
             throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
         return writeToFile(Base64.getEncoder().encode(publicKey.getEncoded()));
@@ -644,7 +614,7 @@
         try (InputStream fileStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                 OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(signatureFile)) {
             signer.update(fileStream.readAllBytes());
-            outputStream.write(signer.sign());
+            outputStream.write(Base64.getEncoder().encode(signer.sign()));
         }
 
         return signatureFile;
diff --git a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest.java b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 50d3f23..0000000
--- a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package com.android.server.net.ct;
-
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-
-import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
-
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
-
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.FileOutputStream;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.OutputStream;
-
-/** Tests for the {@link CertificateTransparencyInstaller}. */
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
-public class CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest {
-
-    private static final String TEST_VERSION = "test-v1";
-
-    private File mTestDir =
-            new File(
-                    InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext().getFilesDir(),
-                    "test-dir");
-    private CertificateTransparencyInstaller mCertificateTransparencyInstaller =
-            new CertificateTransparencyInstaller(mTestDir);
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() {
-        mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.addCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
-    }
-
-    @After
-    public void tearDown() {
-        mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.removeCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
-        DirectoryUtils.removeDir(mTestDir);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCompatibilityVersion_installSuccessful() throws IOException {
-        assertThat(mTestDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-        String content = "i_am_compatible";
-        String version = "i_am_version";
-        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
-                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
-
-        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(content)) {
-            assertThat(compatVersion.install(inputStream, version)).isTrue();
-        }
-        File logsDir = compatVersion.getLogsDir();
-        assertThat(logsDir.exists()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsDir.isDirectory()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsDir.getAbsolutePath())
-                .startsWith(mTestDir.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + TEST_VERSION);
-        File logsListFile = compatVersion.getLogsFile();
-        assertThat(logsListFile.exists()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsListFile.getAbsolutePath()).startsWith(logsDir.getAbsolutePath());
-        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(content);
-        File logsSymlink = compatVersion.getLogsDirSymlink();
-        assertThat(logsSymlink.exists()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsSymlink.isDirectory()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsSymlink.getAbsolutePath())
-                .startsWith(mTestDir.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + TEST_VERSION + "/current");
-        assertThat(logsSymlink.getCanonicalPath()).isEqualTo(logsDir.getCanonicalPath());
-
-        assertThat(compatVersion.delete()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsDir.exists()).isFalse();
-        assertThat(logsSymlink.exists()).isFalse();
-        assertThat(logsListFile.exists()).isFalse();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCompatibilityVersion_versionInstalledFailed() throws IOException {
-        assertThat(mTestDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-
-        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
-                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
-        File rootDir = compatVersion.getRootDir();
-        assertThat(rootDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-
-        String existingVersion = "666";
-        File existingLogDir =
-                new File(rootDir, CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + existingVersion);
-        assertThat(existingLogDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-
-        String existingContent = "somebody_tried_to_install_me_but_failed_halfway_through";
-        File logsListFile = new File(existingLogDir, CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
-        assertThat(logsListFile.createNewFile()).isTrue();
-        writeToFile(logsListFile, existingContent);
-
-        String newContent = "i_am_the_real_content";
-        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(newContent)) {
-            assertThat(compatVersion.install(inputStream, existingVersion)).isTrue();
-        }
-
-        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(newContent);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCertificateTransparencyInstaller_installSuccessfully() throws IOException {
-        String content = "i_am_a_certificate_and_i_am_transparent";
-        String version = "666";
-
-        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(content)) {
-            assertThat(
-                            mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
-                                    TEST_VERSION, inputStream, version))
-                    .isTrue();
-        }
-
-        assertThat(mTestDir.exists()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mTestDir.isDirectory()).isTrue();
-        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
-                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
-        File logsDir = compatVersion.getLogsDir();
-        assertThat(logsDir.exists()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsDir.isDirectory()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsDir.getAbsolutePath())
-                .startsWith(mTestDir.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + TEST_VERSION);
-        File logsListFile = compatVersion.getLogsFile();
-        assertThat(logsListFile.exists()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(logsListFile.getAbsolutePath()).startsWith(logsDir.getAbsolutePath());
-        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(content);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCertificateTransparencyInstaller_versionIsAlreadyInstalled()
-            throws IOException {
-        String existingVersion = "666";
-        String existingContent = "i_was_already_installed_successfully";
-        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
-                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
-
-        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mTestDir);
-        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(existingContent)) {
-            assertThat(compatVersion.install(inputStream, existingVersion)).isTrue();
-        }
-
-        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream("i_will_be_ignored")) {
-            assertThat(
-                            mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
-                                    TEST_VERSION, inputStream, existingVersion))
-                    .isFalse();
-        }
-
-        assertThat(readAsString(compatVersion.getLogsFile())).isEqualTo(existingContent);
-    }
-
-    private static InputStream asStream(String string) throws IOException {
-        return new ByteArrayInputStream(string.getBytes());
-    }
-
-    private static String readAsString(File file) throws IOException {
-        return new String(new FileInputStream(file).readAllBytes());
-    }
-
-    private static void writeToFile(File file, String string) throws IOException {
-        try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
-            out.write(string.getBytes());
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersionTest.java b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38fff48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net.ct;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+/** Tests for the {@link CompatibilityVersion}. */
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class CompatibilityVersionTest {
+
+    private static final String TEST_VERSION = "v123";
+
+    private final File mTestDir =
+            InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext().getFilesDir();
+    private final CompatibilityVersion mCompatVersion =
+            new CompatibilityVersion(
+                    TEST_VERSION, Config.URL_SIGNATURE, Config.URL_LOG_LIST, mTestDir);
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        mCompatVersion.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_versionDirectory_setupSuccessful() {
+        File versionDir = mCompatVersion.getVersionDir();
+        assertThat(versionDir.exists()).isFalse();
+        assertThat(versionDir.getAbsolutePath()).startsWith(mTestDir.getAbsolutePath());
+        assertThat(versionDir.getAbsolutePath()).endsWith(TEST_VERSION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_symlink_setupSuccessful() {
+        File dirSymlink = mCompatVersion.getLogsDirSymlink();
+        assertThat(dirSymlink.exists()).isFalse();
+        assertThat(dirSymlink.getAbsolutePath())
+                .startsWith(mCompatVersion.getVersionDir().getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_logsFile_setupSuccessful() {
+        File logsFile = mCompatVersion.getLogsFile();
+        assertThat(logsFile.exists()).isFalse();
+        assertThat(logsFile.getAbsolutePath())
+                .startsWith(mCompatVersion.getLogsDirSymlink().getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_installSuccessful() throws Exception {
+        String version = "i_am_version";
+        JSONObject logList = makeLogList(version, "i_am_content");
+
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(logList)) {
+            assertThat(mCompatVersion.install(inputStream)).isTrue();
+        }
+
+        File logListFile = mCompatVersion.getLogsFile();
+        assertThat(logListFile.exists()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logListFile.getCanonicalPath())
+                .isEqualTo(
+                        // <path-to-test-files>/v123/logs-i_am_version/log_list.json
+                        new File(
+                                        new File(
+                                                mCompatVersion.getVersionDir(),
+                                                CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + version),
+                                        CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME)
+                                .getCanonicalPath());
+        assertThat(logListFile.getAbsolutePath())
+                .isEqualTo(
+                        // <path-to-test-files>/v123/current/log_list.json
+                        new File(
+                                        new File(
+                                                mCompatVersion.getVersionDir(),
+                                                CompatibilityVersion.CURRENT_LOGS_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME),
+                                        CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME)
+                                .getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_deleteSuccessfully() throws Exception {
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(makeLogList(/* version= */ "123"))) {
+            assertThat(mCompatVersion.install(inputStream)).isTrue();
+        }
+
+        mCompatVersion.delete();
+
+        assertThat(mCompatVersion.getLogsFile().exists()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_invalidLogList() throws Exception {
+        try (InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(("not_a_valid_list".getBytes()))) {
+            assertThat(mCompatVersion.install(inputStream)).isFalse();
+        }
+
+        assertThat(mCompatVersion.getLogsFile().exists()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_incompleteVersionExists_replacesOldVersion()
+            throws Exception {
+        String existingVersion = "666";
+        File existingLogDir =
+                new File(
+                        mCompatVersion.getVersionDir(),
+                        CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + existingVersion);
+        assertThat(existingLogDir.mkdirs()).isTrue();
+        File logsListFile = new File(existingLogDir, CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
+        assertThat(logsListFile.createNewFile()).isTrue();
+
+        JSONObject newLogList = makeLogList(existingVersion, "i_am_the_real_content");
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(newLogList)) {
+            assertThat(mCompatVersion.install(inputStream)).isTrue();
+        }
+
+        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(newLogList.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_versionAlreadyExists_installFails() throws Exception {
+        String existingVersion = "666";
+        JSONObject existingLogList = makeLogList(existingVersion, "i_was_installed_successfully");
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(existingLogList)) {
+            assertThat(mCompatVersion.install(inputStream)).isTrue();
+        }
+
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(makeLogList(existingVersion, "i_am_ignored"))) {
+            assertThat(mCompatVersion.install(inputStream)).isFalse();
+        }
+
+        assertThat(readAsString(mCompatVersion.getLogsFile()))
+                .isEqualTo(existingLogList.toString());
+    }
+
+    private static InputStream asStream(JSONObject logList) throws IOException {
+        return new ByteArrayInputStream(logList.toString().getBytes());
+    }
+
+    private static JSONObject makeLogList(String version) throws JSONException {
+        return new JSONObject().put("version", version);
+    }
+
+    private static JSONObject makeLogList(String version, String content) throws JSONException {
+        return makeLogList(version).put("content", content);
+    }
+
+    private static String readAsString(File file) throws IOException {
+        try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file)) {
+            return new String(in.readAllBytes());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/remoteauth/OWNERS b/remoteauth/OWNERS
index 25a32b9..ee46c1c 100644
--- a/remoteauth/OWNERS
+++ b/remoteauth/OWNERS
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # Bug template url: http://b/new?component=1145231&template=1715387
 billyhuang@google.com
 boetger@google.com
-casbor@google.com
 derekjedral@google.com
 dlm@google.com
 igorzas@google.com
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp b/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp
index 57e3ec9..00cf2ba 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/remoteauth/service/jni/Android.bp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
     ],
     prefer_rlib: true,
     apex_available: [
-        "com.android.remoteauth",
+        "com.android.tethering",
     ],
     host_supported: true,
 }
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs
index 9add6df..1d43d38 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs
+++ b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/remoteauth_jni_android_platform.rs
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@
 }
 
 impl Platform for JavaPlatform {
+    #[allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
     fn send_request(
         &mut self,
         connection_id: i32,
diff --git a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/unique_jvm.rs b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/unique_jvm.rs
index 46cc361..ddbb16f 100644
--- a/remoteauth/service/jni/src/unique_jvm.rs
+++ b/remoteauth/service/jni/src/unique_jvm.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
     Ok(())
 }
 /// Gets a 'static reference to the unique JavaVM. Returns None if set_once() was never called.
+#[allow(static_mut_refs)]
 pub(crate) fn get_static_ref() -> Option<&'static Arc<JavaVM>> {
     // Safety: follows [this pattern](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Once.html).
     // Modification to static mut is nested inside call_once.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
index 4a9410e..9b3c7ba 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
-import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.NetlinkMonitor;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
@@ -398,6 +397,16 @@
         return mFactory.hasInterface(iface);
     }
 
+    private List<String> getAllInterfaces() {
+        final ArrayList<String> interfaces = new ArrayList<>(
+                List.of(mFactory.getAvailableInterfaces(/* includeRestricted */ true)));
+
+        if (mTetheringInterfaceMode == INTERFACE_MODE_SERVER && mTetheringInterface != null) {
+            interfaces.add(mTetheringInterface);
+        }
+        return interfaces;
+    }
+
     String[] getClientModeInterfaces(boolean includeRestricted) {
         return mFactory.getAvailableInterfaces(includeRestricted);
     }
@@ -460,10 +469,16 @@
     public void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean include) {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             mIncludeTestInterfaces = include;
-            if (!include) {
+            if (include) {
+                trackAvailableInterfaces();
+            } else {
                 removeTestData();
+                // remove all test interfaces
+                for (String iface : getAllInterfaces()) {
+                    if (isValidEthernetInterface(iface)) continue;
+                    stopTrackingInterface(iface);
+                }
             }
-            trackAvailableInterfaces();
         });
     }
 
@@ -624,7 +639,7 @@
             nc = mNetworkCapabilities.get(hwAddress);
             if (nc == null) {
                 final boolean isTestIface = iface.matches(TEST_IFACE_REGEXP);
-                nc = createDefaultNetworkCapabilities(isTestIface);
+                nc = createDefaultNetworkCapabilities(isTestIface, /* overrideTransport */ null);
             }
         }
 
@@ -739,9 +754,13 @@
      */
     private void parseEthernetConfig(String configString) {
         final EthernetTrackerConfig config = createEthernetTrackerConfig(configString);
-        NetworkCapabilities nc = createNetworkCapabilities(
-                !TextUtils.isEmpty(config.mCapabilities)  /* clear default capabilities */,
-                config.mCapabilities, config.mTransport).build();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc;
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(config.mCapabilities)) {
+            boolean isTestIface = config.mIface.matches(TEST_IFACE_REGEXP);
+            nc = createDefaultNetworkCapabilities(isTestIface, config.mTransport);
+        } else {
+            nc = createNetworkCapabilities(config.mCapabilities, config.mTransport).build();
+        }
         mNetworkCapabilities.put(config.mIface, nc);
 
         if (null != config.mIpConfig) {
@@ -756,15 +775,16 @@
         return new EthernetTrackerConfig(configString.split(";", /* limit of tokens */ 4));
     }
 
-    private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilities(boolean isTestIface) {
-        NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder = createNetworkCapabilities(
-                false /* clear default capabilities */, null, null)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
-                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+    private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilities(
+            boolean isTestIface, @Nullable String overrideTransport) {
+        NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder =
+                createNetworkCapabilities(/* commaSeparatedCapabilities */ null, overrideTransport)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
 
         if (isTestIface) {
             builder.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST);
@@ -778,7 +798,6 @@
     /**
      * Parses a static list of network capabilities
      *
-     * @param clearDefaultCapabilities Indicates whether or not to clear any default capabilities
      * @param commaSeparatedCapabilities A comma separated string list of integer encoded
      *                                   NetworkCapability.NET_CAPABILITY_* values
      * @param overrideTransport A string representing a single integer encoded override transport
@@ -788,12 +807,12 @@
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
     static NetworkCapabilities.Builder createNetworkCapabilities(
-            boolean clearDefaultCapabilities, @Nullable String commaSeparatedCapabilities,
-            @Nullable String overrideTransport) {
+            @Nullable String commaSeparatedCapabilities, @Nullable String overrideTransport) {
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder = clearDefaultCapabilities
-                ? NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
-                : new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder =
+                TextUtils.isEmpty(commaSeparatedCapabilities)
+                        ? new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                        : NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities();
 
         // Determine the transport type. If someone has tried to define an override transport then
         // attempt to add it. Since we can only have one override, all errors with it will
@@ -949,17 +968,7 @@
             if (mIsEthernetEnabled == enabled) return;
 
             mIsEthernetEnabled = enabled;
-
-            // Interface in server mode should also be included.
-            ArrayList<String> interfaces =
-                    new ArrayList<>(
-                    List.of(mFactory.getAvailableInterfaces(/* includeRestricted */ true)));
-
-            if (mTetheringInterfaceMode == INTERFACE_MODE_SERVER) {
-                interfaces.add(mTetheringInterface);
-            }
-
-            for (String iface : interfaces) {
+            for (String iface : getAllInterfaces()) {
                 setInterfaceUpState(iface, enabled);
             }
             broadcastEthernetStateChange(mIsEthernetEnabled);
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index 2659ebf..8b469e4 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@
         ":services.connectivity-netstats-jni-sources",
         "jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp",
         "jni/com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper.cpp",
-        "jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp",
         "jni/onload.cpp",
     ],
     header_libs: [
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@
         "libmodules-utils-build",
         "libnetjniutils",
         "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
-        "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
+        "libserviceconnectivityjni",
         "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
@@ -162,6 +161,7 @@
     ],
     libs: [
         "framework-annotations-lib",
+        "framework-bluetooth.stubs.module_lib",
         "framework-configinfrastructure.stubs.module_lib",
         "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         // The framework-connectivity-t library is only available on T+ platforms
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
index 4027038..d1d9e52 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
@@ -71,4 +71,18 @@
     -->
     <string-array name="config_thread_mdns_vendor_specific_txts">
     </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Whether to enable / start SRP server only when border routing is ready. SRP server and
+    border routing are mandatory features required by a Thread Border Router, and it takes 10 to
+    20 seconds to establish border routing. Starting SRP server earlier is useful for use cases
+    where the user needs to know what are the devices in the network before actually needs to reach
+    to the devices, or reaching to Thread end devices doesn't require border routing to work.
+    -->
+    <bool name="config_thread_srp_server_wait_for_border_routing_enabled">true</bool>
+
+    <!-- Whether this border router will automatically join the previous connected network after
+    device reboots. Setting this value to false can allow the user to control the lifecycle of
+    the Thread border router state on this device.
+    -->
+    <bool name="config_thread_border_router_auto_join_enabled">true</bool>
 </resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
index fbaae05..7ac86aa 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@
             <item type="string" name="config_thread_vendor_oui" />
             <item type="string" name="config_thread_model_name" />
             <item type="array" name="config_thread_mdns_vendor_specific_txts" />
+            <item type="bool" name="config_thread_srp_server_wait_for_border_routing_enabled" />
+            <item type="bool" name="config_thread_border_router_auto_join_enabled" />
         </policy>
     </overlayable>
 </resources>
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 08d31a3..0000000
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
-
-#define LOG_TAG "TestNetworkServiceJni"
-
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <linux/if.h>
-#include <linux/if_tun.h>
-#include <linux/ipv6_route.h>
-#include <linux/route.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include "jni.h"
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <bpf/KernelUtils.h>
-#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
-#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
-
-#ifndef IFF_NO_CARRIER
-#define IFF_NO_CARRIER 0x0040
-#endif
-
-namespace android {
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-static void throwException(JNIEnv* env, int error, const char* action, const char* iface) {
-    const std::string& msg = "Error: " + std::string(action) + " " + std::string(iface) +  ": "
-                + std::string(strerror(error));
-    jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", msg.c_str());
-}
-
-// enable or disable  carrier on tun / tap interface.
-static void setTunTapCarrierEnabledImpl(JNIEnv* env, const char* iface, int tunFd, bool enabled) {
-    uint32_t carrierOn = enabled;
-    if (ioctl(tunFd, TUNSETCARRIER, &carrierOn)) {
-        throwException(env, errno, "set carrier", iface);
-    }
-}
-
-static int createTunTapImpl(JNIEnv* env, bool isTun, bool hasCarrier, bool setIffMulticast,
-                            const char* iface) {
-    base::unique_fd tun(open("/dev/tun", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK));
-    ifreq ifr{};
-
-    // Allocate interface.
-    ifr.ifr_flags = (isTun ? IFF_TUN : IFF_TAP) | IFF_NO_PI;
-    if (!hasCarrier) {
-        // Using IFF_NO_CARRIER is supported starting in kernel version >= 6.0
-        // Up until then, unsupported flags are ignored.
-        if (!bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 0, 0)) {
-            throwException(env, EOPNOTSUPP, "IFF_NO_CARRIER not supported", ifr.ifr_name);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_NO_CARRIER;
-    }
-    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, iface, IFNAMSIZ);
-    if (ioctl(tun.get(), TUNSETIFF, &ifr)) {
-        throwException(env, errno, "allocating", ifr.ifr_name);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Mark some TAP interfaces as supporting multicast
-    if (setIffMulticast && !isTun) {
-        base::unique_fd inet6CtrlSock(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0));
-        ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_MULTICAST;
-
-        if (ioctl(inet6CtrlSock.get(), SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr)) {
-            throwException(env, errno, "set IFF_MULTICAST", ifr.ifr_name);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return tun.release();
-}
-
-static void bringUpInterfaceImpl(JNIEnv* env, const char* iface) {
-    // Activate interface using an unconnected datagram socket.
-    base::unique_fd inet6CtrlSock(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0));
-
-    ifreq ifr{};
-    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, iface, IFNAMSIZ);
-    if (ioctl(inet6CtrlSock.get(), SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr)) {
-        throwException(env, errno, "read flags", iface);
-        return;
-    }
-    ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
-    if (ioctl(inet6CtrlSock.get(), SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr)) {
-        throwException(env, errno, "set IFF_UP", iface);
-        return;
-    }
-}
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-static void setTunTapCarrierEnabled(JNIEnv* env, jclass /* clazz */, jstring
-                                    jIface, jint tunFd, jboolean enabled) {
-    ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
-    if (!iface.c_str()) {
-        jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
-        return;
-    }
-    setTunTapCarrierEnabledImpl(env, iface.c_str(), tunFd, enabled);
-}
-
-static jint createTunTap(JNIEnv* env, jclass /* clazz */, jboolean isTun,
-                             jboolean hasCarrier, jboolean setIffMulticast, jstring jIface) {
-    ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
-    if (!iface.c_str()) {
-        jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return createTunTapImpl(env, isTun, hasCarrier, setIffMulticast, iface.c_str());
-}
-
-static void bringUpInterface(JNIEnv* env, jclass /* clazz */, jstring jIface) {
-    ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
-    if (!iface.c_str()) {
-        jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
-        return;
-    }
-    bringUpInterfaceImpl(env, iface.c_str());
-}
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
-    {"nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled", "(Ljava/lang/String;IZ)V", (void*)setTunTapCarrierEnabled},
-    {"nativeCreateTunTap", "(ZZZLjava/lang/String;)I", (void*)createTunTap},
-    {"nativeBringUpInterface", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", (void*)bringUpInterface},
-};
-
-int register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(JNIEnv* env) {
-    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env,
-            "android/net/connectivity/com/android/server/TestNetworkService", gMethods,
-            NELEM(gMethods));
-}
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/service/jni/onload.cpp b/service/jni/onload.cpp
index 8e01260..f87470d 100644
--- a/service/jni/onload.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,11 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-int register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper(JNIEnv* env);
-int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni(JNIEnv *env,
                                                       char const *class_name);
 
 extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
@@ -36,10 +35,6 @@
         return JNI_ERR;
     }
 
-    if (register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(env) < 0) {
-        return JNI_ERR;
-    }
-
     if (register_com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper(env) < 0) {
         return JNI_ERR;
     }
@@ -58,9 +53,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni(
             env, "android/net/connectivity/com/android/net/module/util/"
-                 "TimerFdUtils") < 0) {
+                 "ServiceConnectivityJni") < 0) {
       return JNI_ERR;
     }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index 44868b2d..c743573 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.IIF_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.LOCAL_NET_ACCESS_MAP_PATH;
+import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.LOCAL_NET_BLOCKED_UID_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH;
 import static android.net.BpfNetMapsConstants.UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH;
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SingleWriterBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Bool;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
@@ -81,6 +84,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapValue;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.IngressDiscardKey;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.IngressDiscardValue;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.LocalNetAccessKey;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -131,6 +135,9 @@
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U8> sDataSaverEnabledMap = null;
     private static IBpfMap<IngressDiscardKey, IngressDiscardValue> sIngressDiscardMap = null;
 
+    private static IBpfMap<LocalNetAccessKey, Bool> sLocalNetAccessMap = null;
+    private static IBpfMap<U32, Bool> sLocalNetBlockedUidMap = null;
+
     private static final List<Pair<Integer, String>> PERMISSION_LIST = Arrays.asList(
             Pair.create(PERMISSION_INTERNET, "PERMISSION_INTERNET"),
             Pair.create(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, "PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS")
@@ -186,6 +193,25 @@
         sIngressDiscardMap = ingressDiscardMap;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set localNetAccessMap for test.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static void setLocalNetAccessMapForTest(
+            IBpfMap<LocalNetAccessKey, Bool> localNetAccessMap) {
+        sLocalNetAccessMap = localNetAccessMap;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set localNetBlockedUidMap for test.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static void setLocalNetBlockedUidMapForTest(
+            IBpfMap<U32, Bool> localNetBlockedUidMap) {
+        sLocalNetBlockedUidMap = localNetBlockedUidMap;
+    }
+
+
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
         try {
@@ -247,6 +273,26 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    private static IBpfMap<U32, Bool> getLocalNetBlockedUidMap() {
+        try {
+            return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(LOCAL_NET_BLOCKED_UID_MAP_PATH,
+                    U32.class, Bool.class);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open local_net_blocked_uid map", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    private static IBpfMap<LocalNetAccessKey, Bool> getLocalNetAccessMap() {
+        try {
+            return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(LOCAL_NET_ACCESS_MAP_PATH,
+                    LocalNetAccessKey.class, Bool.class);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open local_net_access map", e);
+        }
+    }
+
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static void initBpfMaps() {
         if (sConfigurationMap == null) {
@@ -299,6 +345,27 @@
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to initialize ingress discard map", e);
         }
+
+        if (isAtLeast25Q2()) {
+            if (sLocalNetAccessMap == null) {
+                sLocalNetAccessMap = getLocalNetAccessMap();
+            }
+            try {
+                sLocalNetAccessMap.clear();
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to initialize local_net_access map", e);
+            }
+
+            if (sLocalNetBlockedUidMap == null) {
+                sLocalNetBlockedUidMap = getLocalNetBlockedUidMap();
+            }
+            try {
+                sLocalNetBlockedUidMap.clear();
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to initialize local_net_blocked_uid map",
+                        e);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -387,6 +454,21 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void throwIfPre25Q2(final String msg) {
+        if (!isAtLeast25Q2()) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     ToDo : Remove this method when SdkLevel.isAtLeastB() is fixed, aosp is at sdk level 36 or use
+     NetworkStackUtils.isAtLeast25Q2 when it is moved to a static lib.
+     */
+    private static boolean isAtLeast25Q2() {
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastB()  || (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()
+                && "Baklava".equals(Build.VERSION.CODENAME));
+    }
+
     private void removeRule(final int uid, final long match, final String caller) {
         try {
             synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
@@ -810,6 +892,113 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Add configuration to local_net_access trie map.
+     * @param lpmBitlen prefix length that will be used for longest matching
+     * @param iface interface name
+     * @param address remote address. ipv4 addresses would be mapped to v6
+     * @param protocol required for longest match in special cases
+     * @param remotePort src/dst port for ingress/egress
+     * @param isAllowed is the local network call allowed or blocked.
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    public void addLocalNetAccess(final int lpmBitlen, final String iface,
+            final InetAddress address, final int protocol, final int remotePort,
+            final boolean isAllowed) {
+        throwIfPre25Q2("addLocalNetAccess is not available on pre-B devices");
+        final int ifIndex = mDeps.getIfIndex(iface);
+        if (ifIndex == 0) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get if index, skip addLocalNetAccess for " + address
+                    + "(" + iface + ")");
+            return;
+        }
+        LocalNetAccessKey localNetAccessKey = new LocalNetAccessKey(lpmBitlen, ifIndex,
+                address, protocol, remotePort);
+
+        try {
+            sLocalNetAccessMap.updateEntry(localNetAccessKey, new Bool(isAllowed));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to add local network access for localNetAccessKey : "
+                    + localNetAccessKey + ", isAllowed : " + isAllowed);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * False if the configuration is disallowed.
+     *
+     * @param lpmBitlen  prefix length that will be used for longest matching
+     * @param iface    interface name
+     * @param address    remote address. ipv4 addresses would be mapped to v6
+     * @param protocol   required for longest match in special cases
+     * @param remotePort src/dst port for ingress/egress
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    public boolean getLocalNetAccess(final int lpmBitlen, final String iface,
+            final InetAddress address, final int protocol, final int remotePort) {
+        throwIfPre25Q2("getLocalNetAccess is not available on pre-B devices");
+        final int ifIndex = mDeps.getIfIndex(iface);
+        if (ifIndex == 0) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get if index, returning default from getLocalNetAccess for "
+                    + address + "(" + iface + ")");
+            return true;
+        }
+        LocalNetAccessKey localNetAccessKey = new LocalNetAccessKey(lpmBitlen, ifIndex,
+                address, protocol, remotePort);
+        try {
+            Bool value = sLocalNetAccessMap.getValue(localNetAccessKey);
+            return value == null ? true : value.val;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to find local network access configuration for "
+                    + "localNetAccessKey : " + localNetAccessKey);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add uid to local_net_blocked_uid map.
+     * @param uid application uid that needs to block local network calls.
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    public void addUidToLocalNetBlockMap(final int uid) {
+        throwIfPre25Q2("addUidToLocalNetBlockMap is not available on pre-B devices");
+        try {
+            sLocalNetBlockedUidMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), new Bool(true));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to add local network blocked for uid : " + uid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * True if local network calls are blocked for application.
+     * @param uid application uid that needs check if local network calls are blocked.
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    public boolean getUidValueFromLocalNetBlockMap(final int uid) {
+        throwIfPre25Q2("getUidValueFromLocalNetBlockMap is not available on pre-B devices");
+        try {
+            Bool value = sLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
+            return value == null ? false : value.val;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to find uid(" + uid
+                    + ") is present in local network blocked map");
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove uid from local_net_blocked_uid map(if present).
+     * @param uid application uid that needs check if local network calls are blocked.
+     */
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    public void removeUidFromLocalNetBlockMap(final int uid) {
+        throwIfPre25Q2("removeUidFromLocalNetBlockMap is not available on pre-B devices");
+        try {
+            sLocalNetBlockedUidMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to remove uid(" + uid + ") from local network blocked map");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Get granted permissions for specified uid. If uid is not in the map, this method returns
      * {@link android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET} since this is a default permission.
      * See {@link #setNetPermForUids}
@@ -1079,6 +1268,14 @@
                     (key, value) -> "[" + key.dstAddr + "]: "
                             + value.iif1 + "(" + mDeps.getIfName(value.iif1) + "), "
                             + value.iif2 + "(" + mDeps.getIfName(value.iif2) + ")");
+            if (sLocalNetBlockedUidMap != null) {
+                BpfDump.dumpMap(sLocalNetAccessMap, pw, "sLocalNetAccessMap",
+                        (key, value) -> "[" + key + "]: " + value);
+            }
+            if (sLocalNetBlockedUidMap != null) {
+                BpfDump.dumpMap(sLocalNetBlockedUidMap, pw, "sLocalNetBlockedUidMap",
+                        (key, value) -> "[" + key + "]: " + value);
+            }
             dumpDataSaverConfig(pw);
             pw.decreaseIndent();
         }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index fe26858..18801f0 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_UNSET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
@@ -6765,7 +6766,7 @@
                     final NetworkOfferInfo offer =
                             findNetworkOfferInfoByCallback((INetworkOfferCallback) msg.obj);
                     if (null != offer) {
-                        handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(offer);
+                        handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(offer, true /* releaseReservations */);
                     }
                     break;
                 }
@@ -7682,17 +7683,23 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(List<NetworkRequest> requests) {
+    private void ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveSupportedType(List<NetworkRequest> requests) {
+        final boolean isMultilayerRequest = requests.size() > 1;
         for (int i = 0; i < requests.size(); i++) {
-            ensureNetworkRequestHasType(requests.get(i));
+            ensureNetworkRequestHasSupportedType(requests.get(i), isMultilayerRequest);
         }
     }
 
-    private void ensureNetworkRequestHasType(NetworkRequest request) {
+    private void ensureNetworkRequestHasSupportedType(NetworkRequest request,
+            boolean isMultilayerRequest) {
         if (request.type == NetworkRequest.Type.NONE) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                     "All NetworkRequests in ConnectivityService must have a type");
         }
+        if (isMultilayerRequest && request.type == NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Reservation requests are not supported in multilayer request");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -7844,7 +7851,7 @@
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
                 @NonNull final NetworkRequest requestForCallback, @Nullable final PendingIntent pi,
                 @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, final int preferenceOrder) {
-            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
+            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveSupportedType(r);
             mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
             mNetworkRequestForCallback = requestForCallback;
             mPendingIntent = pi;
@@ -7878,7 +7885,7 @@
                 @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
                 @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlags) {
             super();
-            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
+            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveSupportedType(r);
             mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
             mNetworkRequestForCallback = requestForCallback;
             mMessenger = m;
@@ -7898,7 +7905,7 @@
         NetworkRequestInfo(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
                 @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r) {
             super();
-            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
+            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveSupportedType(r);
             mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
             mNetworkRequestForCallback = nri.getNetworkRequestForCallback();
             final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier = nri.getSatisfier();
@@ -8887,7 +8894,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void releaseNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
-        ensureNetworkRequestHasType(networkRequest);
+        ensureNetworkRequestHasSupportedType(networkRequest, false /* isMultilayerRequest */);
         mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
                 EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST, mDeps.getCallingUid(), 0, networkRequest));
     }
@@ -8930,6 +8937,11 @@
         Objects.requireNonNull(score);
         Objects.requireNonNull(caps);
         Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
+        if (caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+            enforceAnyPermissionOf(mContext, Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+        } else {
+            enforceNetworkFactoryPermission();
+        }
         final boolean yieldToBadWiFi = caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !avoidBadWifi();
         final NetworkOffer offer = new NetworkOffer(
                 FullScore.makeProspectiveScore(score, caps, yieldToBadWiFi),
@@ -8968,7 +8980,7 @@
             }
         }
         for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : toRemove) {
-            handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(noi);
+            handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(noi, true /* releaseReservations */);
         }
         if (DBG) log("unregisterNetworkProvider for " + npi.name);
     }
@@ -9401,7 +9413,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void binderDied() {
-            mHandler.post(() -> handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(this));
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(this, true /* releaseReservations */));
         }
     }
 
@@ -9440,41 +9452,61 @@
             return;
         }
         final NetworkOfferInfo existingOffer = findNetworkOfferInfoByCallback(newOffer.callback);
+
+        // If a reserved offer is updated, ensure the capabilities are not changed. This ensures
+        // that the reserved offer's capabilities match the ones passed by the onReserved callback,
+        // which is sent only once.
+        //
+        // TODO: consider letting the provider change the capabilities of an offer as long as they
+        // continue to satisfy the capabilities that were passed to onReserved. This is not needed
+        // today, but it shouldn't violate the API contract:
+        // - NetworkOffer capabilities are not promises
+        // - The app making a reservation must never assume that the capabilities of the reserved
+        // network are equal to the ones that were passed to onReserved. There will almost always be
+        // other capabilities, for example, those that change at runtime such as VALIDATED or
+        // NOT_SUSPENDED.
+        if (null != existingOffer
+                && existingOffer.offer.caps.getReservationId() != RES_ID_UNSET
+                && existingOffer.offer.caps.getReservationId() != RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS
+                && !newOffer.caps.equals(existingOffer.offer.caps)) {
+            // Reserved offers are not allowed to update their NetworkCapabilities.
+            // Doing so will immediately remove the offer from CS and send onUnavailable to the app.
+            handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(existingOffer, true /* releaseReservations */);
+            existingOffer.offer.notifyUnneeded();
+            logwtf("Reserved offers must never update their reserved NetworkCapabilities");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final NetworkOfferInfo noi = new NetworkOfferInfo(newOffer);
         if (null != existingOffer) {
-            // TODO: to support updating the score for reserved offers by calling
-            // ConnectivityManager#offerNetwork with the same callback object or via
-            // updateOfferScore, prevent handleUnregisterNetworkOffer() from sending an
-            // onUnavailable() callback here.
-            handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(existingOffer);
+            // Do not send onUnavailable for a reserved offer when updating it.
+            handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(existingOffer, false /* releaseReservations */);
             newOffer.migrateFrom(existingOffer.offer);
             if (DBG) {
                 // handleUnregisterNetworkOffer has already logged the old offer
                 log("update offer from providerId " + newOffer.providerId + " new : " + newOffer);
             }
         } else {
+            final NetworkRequestInfo reservationNri = maybeGetNriForReservedOffer(noi);
+            if (reservationNri != null) {
+                // A NetworkRequest is only allowed to trigger a single reserved offer (and
+                // onReserved() callback). All subsequent offers are ignored. This either indicates
+                // a bug in the provider (e.g., responding twice to the same reservation, or
+                // updating the capabilities of a reserved offer), or multiple providers responding
+                // to the same offer (which could happen, but is not useful to the requesting app).
+                if (reservationNri.getReservedCapabilities() != null) {
+                    loge("A reservation can only trigger a single offer; new offer is ignored.");
+                    return;
+                }
+                // Always update the reserved offer before calling callCallbackForRequest.
+                reservationNri.setReservedCapabilities(noi.offer.caps);
+                callCallbackForRequest(
+                        reservationNri, null /*networkAgent*/, CALLBACK_RESERVED, 0 /*arg1*/);
+            }
             if (DBG) {
                 log("register offer from providerId " + newOffer.providerId + " : " + newOffer);
             }
         }
-        final NetworkOfferInfo noi = new NetworkOfferInfo(newOffer);
-        final NetworkRequestInfo reservationNri = maybeGetNriForReservedOffer(noi);
-        if (reservationNri != null) {
-            // A NetworkRequest is only allowed to trigger a single reserved offer (and onReserved()
-            // callback). All subsequent offers are ignored. This either indicates a bug in the
-            // provider (e.g., responding twice to the same reservation, or updating the
-            // capabilities of a reserved offer), or multiple providers responding to the same offer
-            // (which could happen, but is not useful to the requesting app).
-            // TODO: add proper support for offer migration; i.e. allow the score of a reservation
-            // offer to be updated.
-            if (reservationNri.getReservedCapabilities() != null) {
-                loge("A reservation can only trigger a single offer; new offer is ignored.");
-                return;
-            }
-            // Always update the reserved offer before calling callCallbackForRequest.
-            reservationNri.setReservedCapabilities(noi.offer.caps);
-            callCallbackForRequest(
-                    reservationNri, null /* networkAgent */, CALLBACK_RESERVED, 0 /* arg1 */);
-        }
 
         try {
             noi.offer.callback.asBinder().linkToDeath(noi, 0 /* flags */);
@@ -9486,7 +9518,8 @@
         issueNetworkNeeds(noi);
     }
 
-    private void handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(@NonNull final NetworkOfferInfo noi) {
+    private void handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(@NonNull final NetworkOfferInfo noi,
+                    boolean releaseReservations) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
         if (DBG) {
             log("unregister offer from providerId " + noi.offer.providerId + " : " + noi.offer);
@@ -9504,11 +9537,10 @@
         // handleRegisterNetworkOffer() in the case of a migration (which would be ignored as it
         // follows an onUnavailable).
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = maybeGetNriForReservedOffer(noi);
-        if (nri != null) {
+        if (releaseReservations && nri != null) {
             handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri);
             callCallbackForRequest(nri, null /* networkAgent */, CALLBACK_UNAVAIL, 0 /* arg1 */);
         }
-
         noi.offer.callback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(noi, 0 /* flags */);
     }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/L2capNetworkProvider.java b/service/src/com/android/server/L2capNetworkProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5ec9ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/L2capNetworkProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN;
+import static android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY;
+import static android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.PSM_ANY;
+import static android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.ROLE_SERVER;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+
+public class L2capNetworkProvider {
+    private static final String TAG = L2capNetworkProvider.class.getSimpleName();
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final NetworkProvider mProvider;
+    private final BlanketReservationOffer mBlanketOffer;
+    private final Map<Integer, ReservedServerOffer> mReservedServerOffers = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * The blanket reservation offer is used to create an L2CAP server network, i.e. a network
+     * based on a BluetoothServerSocket.
+     *
+     * Note that NetworkCapabilities matching semantics will cause onNetworkNeeded to be called for
+     * requests that do not have a NetworkSpecifier set.
+     */
+    private class BlanketReservationOffer implements NetworkOfferCallback {
+        // TODO: ensure that once the incoming request is satisfied, the blanket offer does not get
+        // unneeded. This means the blanket offer must always outscore the reserved offer. This
+        // might require setting the blanket offer as setTransportPrimary().
+        public static final NetworkScore SCORE = new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+        // Note the missing NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED marking the network as restricted.
+        public static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES;
+        static {
+            final L2capNetworkSpecifier l2capNetworkSpecifier = new L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                    .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                    .build();
+            NetworkCapabilities caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                    // TODO: consider removing NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED.
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                    .setNetworkSpecifier(l2capNetworkSpecifier)
+                    .build();
+            caps.setReservationId(RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS);
+            CAPABILITIES = caps;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: consider moving this into L2capNetworkSpecifier as #isValidServerReservation().
+        private boolean isValidL2capSpecifier(@Nullable NetworkSpecifier spec) {
+            if (spec == null) return false;
+            // If spec is not null, L2capNetworkSpecifier#canBeSatisfiedBy() guarantees the
+            // specifier is of type L2capNetworkSpecifier.
+            final L2capNetworkSpecifier l2capSpec = (L2capNetworkSpecifier) spec;
+
+            // The ROLE_SERVER offer can be satisfied by a ROLE_ANY request.
+            if (l2capSpec.getRole() != ROLE_SERVER) return false;
+
+            // HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY is never valid in a request.
+            if (l2capSpec.getHeaderCompression() == HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY) return false;
+
+            // remoteAddr must be null for ROLE_SERVER requests.
+            if (l2capSpec.getRemoteAddress() != null) return false;
+
+            // reservation must allocate a PSM, so only PSM_ANY can be passed.
+            if (l2capSpec.getPsm() != PSM_ANY) return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkNeeded(NetworkRequest request) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "New reservation request: " + request);
+            if (!isValidL2capSpecifier(request.getNetworkSpecifier())) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Ignoring invalid reservation request: " + request);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final NetworkCapabilities reservationCaps = request.networkCapabilities;
+            final ReservedServerOffer reservedOffer = new ReservedServerOffer(reservationCaps);
+
+            final NetworkCapabilities reservedCaps = reservedOffer.getReservedCapabilities();
+            mProvider.registerNetworkOffer(SCORE, reservedCaps, mHandler::post, reservedOffer);
+            mReservedServerOffers.put(request.requestId, reservedOffer);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkUnneeded(NetworkRequest request) {
+            if (!mReservedServerOffers.containsKey(request.requestId)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final ReservedServerOffer reservedOffer = mReservedServerOffers.get(request.requestId);
+            // Note that the reserved offer gets torn down when the reservation goes away, even if
+            // there are lingering requests.
+            reservedOffer.tearDown();
+            mProvider.unregisterNetworkOffer(reservedOffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ReservedServerOffer implements NetworkOfferCallback {
+        private final boolean mUseHeaderCompression;
+        private final int mPsm;
+        private final NetworkCapabilities mReservedCapabilities;
+
+        public ReservedServerOffer(NetworkCapabilities reservationCaps) {
+            // getNetworkSpecifier() is guaranteed to return a non-null L2capNetworkSpecifier.
+            final L2capNetworkSpecifier reservationSpec =
+                    (L2capNetworkSpecifier) reservationCaps.getNetworkSpecifier();
+            mUseHeaderCompression =
+                    reservationSpec.getHeaderCompression() == HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN;
+
+            // TODO: open BluetoothServerSocket and allocate a PSM.
+            mPsm = 0x80;
+
+            final L2capNetworkSpecifier reservedSpec = new L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                    .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                    .setHeaderCompression(reservationSpec.getHeaderCompression())
+                    .setPsm(mPsm)
+                    .build();
+            mReservedCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(reservationCaps)
+                    .setNetworkSpecifier(reservedSpec)
+                    .build();
+        }
+
+        public NetworkCapabilities getReservedCapabilities() {
+            return mReservedCapabilities;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkNeeded(NetworkRequest request) {
+            // TODO: implement
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkUnneeded(NetworkRequest request) {
+            // TODO: implement
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the reservation goes away and the reserved offer must be torn down.
+         *
+         * This method can be called multiple times.
+         */
+        public void tearDown() {
+            // TODO: implement.
+            // This method can be called multiple times.
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /** Get NetworkProvider */
+        public NetworkProvider getNetworkProvider(Context context, Looper looper) {
+            return new NetworkProvider(context, looper, TAG);
+        }
+
+        /** Get the HandlerThread for L2capNetworkProvider to run on */
+        public HandlerThread getHandlerThread() {
+            final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("L2capNetworkProviderThread");
+            thread.start();
+            return thread;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public L2capNetworkProvider(Context context) {
+        this(new Dependencies(), context);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public L2capNetworkProvider(Dependencies deps, Context context) {
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mContext = context;
+        mHandlerThread = mDeps.getHandlerThread();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        mProvider = mDeps.getNetworkProvider(context, mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        mBlanketOffer = new BlanketReservationOffer();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start L2capNetworkProvider.
+     *
+     * Called on CS Handler thread.
+     */
+    public void start() {
+        final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
+            mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class).registerNetworkProvider(mProvider);
+            mProvider.registerNetworkOffer(BlanketReservationOffer.SCORE,
+                    BlanketReservationOffer.CAPABILITIES, mHandler::post, mBlanketOffer);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
index 4d39d7d..96f4e20 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ServiceConnectivityJni;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
@@ -75,15 +76,6 @@
     @NonNull private final ConnectivityManager mCm;
     @NonNull private final NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
 
-    // Native method stubs
-    private static native int nativeCreateTunTap(boolean isTun, boolean hasCarrier,
-            boolean setIffMulticast, @NonNull String iface);
-
-    private static native void nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled(@NonNull String iface, int tunFd,
-            boolean enabled);
-
-    private static native void nativeBringUpInterface(String iface);
-
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected TestNetworkService(@NonNull Context context) {
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("TestNetworkServiceThread");
@@ -143,7 +135,8 @@
             // flags atomically.
             final boolean setIffMulticast = bringUp;
             ParcelFileDescriptor tunIntf = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(
-                    nativeCreateTunTap(isTun, hasCarrier, setIffMulticast, interfaceName));
+                    ServiceConnectivityJni.createTunTap(
+                            isTun, hasCarrier, setIffMulticast, interfaceName));
 
             // Disable DAD and remove router_solicitation_delay before assigning link addresses.
             if (disableIpv6ProvisioningDelay) {
@@ -160,7 +153,7 @@
             }
 
             if (bringUp) {
-                nativeBringUpInterface(interfaceName);
+                ServiceConnectivityJni.bringUpInterface(interfaceName);
             }
 
             return new TestNetworkInterface(tunIntf, interfaceName);
@@ -403,11 +396,11 @@
     @Override
     public void setCarrierEnabled(@NonNull TestNetworkInterface iface, boolean enabled) {
         enforceTestNetworkPermissions(mContext);
-        nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled(iface.getInterfaceName(), iface.getFileDescriptor().getFd(),
-                enabled);
+        ServiceConnectivityJni.setTunTapCarrierEnabled(iface.getInterfaceName(),
+                iface.getFileDescriptor().getFd(), enabled);
         // Explicitly close fd after use to prevent StrictMode from complaining.
         // Also, explicitly referencing iface guarantees that the object is not garbage collected
-        // before nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled() executes.
+        // before setTunTapCarrierEnabled() executes.
         try {
             iface.getFileDescriptor().close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
index eea382e..d294046 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
  * @hide
  */
 public class NetworkOffer implements NetworkRanker.Scoreable {
+    private static final String TAG = NetworkOffer.class.getSimpleName();
     @NonNull public final FullScore score;
     @NonNull public final NetworkCapabilities caps;
     @NonNull public final INetworkOfferCallback callback;
@@ -126,6 +127,23 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Sends onNetworkUnneeded for any remaining NetworkRequests.
+     *
+     * Used after a NetworkOffer migration failed to let the provider know that its networks should
+     * be torn down (as the offer is no longer registered).
+     */
+    public void notifyUnneeded() {
+        try {
+            for (NetworkRequest request : mCurrentlyNeeded) {
+                callback.onNetworkUnneeded(request);
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // The remote is dead; nothing to do.
+        }
+        mCurrentlyNeeded.clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Migrate from, and take over, a previous offer.
      *
      * When an updated offer is sent from a provider, call this method on the new offer, passing
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index beaa174..0d388e8 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
 import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.compat.CompatChanges;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ProcessShimImpl;
@@ -279,6 +282,12 @@
         mContext = context;
         mBpfNetMaps = bpfNetMaps;
         mThread = thread;
+        if (Flags.restrictLocalNetwork()) {
+            // This listener should finish registration by the time the system has completed
+            // boot setup such that any changes to runtime permissions for local network
+            // restrictions can only occur after this registration has completed.
+            mPackageManager.addOnPermissionsChangeListener(new PermissionChangeListener());
+        }
     }
 
     private void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
@@ -1311,4 +1320,19 @@
     private static void loge(String s, Throwable e) {
         Log.e(TAG, s, e);
     }
+
+    private class PermissionChangeListener implements PackageManager.OnPermissionsChangedListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onPermissionsChanged(int uid) {
+            // RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK is a compat change that is enabled when developers manually
+            // opt-in to this change, or when the app's targetSdkVersion is greater than 36.
+            // The RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK compat change is used here instead of the
+            // Flags.restrictLocalNetwork() is used to offer the feature to devices, but it will
+            // only be enforced when develoeprs choose to enable it.
+            // TODO(b/394567896): Update compat change checks
+            if (CompatChanges.isChangeEnabled(RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK, uid)) {
+                // TODO(b/388803658): Update network permissions and record change
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/net/L2capPacketForwarder.java b/service/src/com/android/server/net/L2capPacketForwarder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cef351c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/net/L2capPacketForwarder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Forwards packets from a BluetoothSocket of type L2CAP to a tun fd and vice versa.
+ *
+ * The forwarding logic operates on raw IP packets and there are no ethernet headers.
+ * Therefore, L3 MTU = L2 MTU.
+ */
+public class L2capPacketForwarder {
+    private static final String TAG = "L2capPacketForwarder";
+
+    // DCT specifies an MTU of 1500.
+    // TODO: Set /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/${iface}/mtu to 1280 and the link MTU to 1528 to accept
+    // slightly larger packets on ingress (i.e. packets passing through a NAT64 gateway).
+    // MTU determines the value of the read buffers, so use the larger of the two.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int MTU = 1528;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final IReadWriteFd mTunFd;
+    private final IReadWriteFd mL2capFd;
+    private final L2capThread mIngressThread;
+    private final L2capThread mEgressThread;
+    private final ICallback mCallback;
+
+    public interface ICallback {
+        /** Called when an error is encountered; should tear down forwarding. */
+        void onError();
+    }
+
+    private interface IReadWriteFd {
+        /**
+         * Read up to len bytes into bytes[off] and return bytes actually read.
+         *
+         * bytes[] must be of size >= off + len.
+         */
+        int read(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException;
+        /**
+         * Write len bytes starting from bytes[off]
+         *
+         * bytes[] must be of size >= off + len.
+         */
+        void write(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException;
+        /** Disallow further receptions, shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) */
+        void shutdownRead();
+        /** Disallow further transmissions, shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR) */
+        void shutdownWrite();
+        /** Close the fd */
+        void close();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class BluetoothSocketWrapper implements IReadWriteFd {
+        private final BluetoothSocket mSocket;
+        private final InputStream mInputStream;
+        private final OutputStream mOutputStream;
+
+        public BluetoothSocketWrapper(BluetoothSocket socket) {
+            // TODO: assert that MTU can fit within Bluetooth L2CAP SDU (maximum size of an L2CAP
+            // packet). The L2CAP SDU is 65535 by default, but can be less when using hardware
+            // offload.
+            mSocket = socket;
+            try {
+                mInputStream = socket.getInputStream();
+                mOutputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // Per the API docs, this should not actually be possible.
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to get Input/OutputStream", e);
+                // Fail hard.
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to get Input/OutputStream");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Read from the BluetoothSocket. */
+        @Override
+        public int read(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            // Note: EINTR is handled internally and automatically triggers a retry loop.
+            int bytesRead = mInputStream.read(bytes, off, len);
+            if (bytesRead > MTU) {
+                // Don't try to recover, just trigger network teardown. This might indicate a bug in
+                // the Bluetooth stack.
+                throw new IOException("Packet exceeds MTU");
+            }
+            return bytesRead;
+        }
+
+        /** Write to the BluetoothSocket. */
+        @Override
+        public void write(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            // Note: EINTR is handled internally and automatically triggers a retry loop.
+            mOutputStream.write(bytes, off, len);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void shutdownRead() {
+            // BluetoothSocket does not expose methods to shutdown read / write individually;
+            // however, BluetoothSocket#close() shuts down both read and write and is safe to be
+            // called multiple times from any thread.
+            try {
+                mSocket.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "shutdownRead: Failed to close BluetoothSocket", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void shutdownWrite() {
+            // BluetoothSocket does not expose methods to shutdown read / write individually;
+            // however, BluetoothSocket#close() shuts down both read and write and is safe to be
+            // called multiple times from any thread.
+            try {
+                mSocket.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "shutdownWrite: Failed to close BluetoothSocket", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            // BluetoothSocket#close() is safe to be called multiple times.
+            try {
+                mSocket.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "close: Failed to close BluetoothSocket", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class FdWrapper implements IReadWriteFd {
+        private final ParcelFileDescriptor mFd;
+
+        public FdWrapper(ParcelFileDescriptor fd) {
+            mFd = fd;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int read(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            try {
+                // Note: EINTR is handled internally and automatically triggers a retry loop.
+                return Os.read(mFd.getFileDescriptor(), bytes, off, len);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IOException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write to BluetoothSocket.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void write(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            try {
+                // Note: EINTR is handled internally and automatically triggers a retry loop.
+                Os.write(mFd.getFileDescriptor(), bytes, off, len);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IOException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void shutdownRead() {
+            try {
+                Os.shutdown(mFd.getFileDescriptor(), OsConstants.SHUT_RD);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "shutdownRead: Failed to shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD)", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void shutdownWrite() {
+            try {
+                Os.shutdown(mFd.getFileDescriptor(), OsConstants.SHUT_WR);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "shutdownWrite: Failed to shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR)", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            try {
+                // Safe to call multiple times. Both Os.close(FileDescriptor) and
+                // ParcelFileDescriptor#close() offer protection against double-closing an fd.
+                mFd.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "close: Failed to close fd", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class L2capThread extends Thread {
+        // Set mBuffer length to MTU + 1 to catch read() overflows.
+        private final byte[] mBuffer = new byte[MTU + 1];
+        private volatile boolean mIsRunning = true;
+
+        private final String mLogTag;
+        private IReadWriteFd mReadFd;
+        private IReadWriteFd mWriteFd;
+
+        L2capThread(String logTag, IReadWriteFd readFd, IReadWriteFd writeFd) {
+            mLogTag = logTag;
+            mReadFd = readFd;
+            mWriteFd = writeFd;
+        }
+
+        private void postOnError() {
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                // All callbacks must be called on handler thread.
+                mCallback.onError();
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            while (mIsRunning) {
+                try {
+                    final int readBytes = mReadFd.read(mBuffer, 0 /*off*/, mBuffer.length);
+                    // No bytes to write, continue.
+                    if (readBytes <= 0) {
+                        Log.w(mLogTag, "Zero-byte read encountered: " + readBytes);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // If the packet exceeds MTU, drop it.
+                    // Note that a large read on BluetoothSocket throws an IOException to tear down
+                    // the network.
+                    if (readBytes > MTU) continue;
+
+                    mWriteFd.write(mBuffer, 0 /*off*/, readBytes);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.e(mLogTag, "L2capThread exception", e);
+                    // Tear down the network on any error.
+                    mIsRunning = false;
+                    // Notify provider that forwarding has stopped.
+                    postOnError();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void tearDown() {
+            mIsRunning = false;
+            mReadFd.shutdownRead();
+            mWriteFd.shutdownWrite();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public L2capPacketForwarder(Handler handler, ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd, BluetoothSocket socket,
+            ICallback cb) {
+        this(handler, new FdWrapper(tunFd), new BluetoothSocketWrapper(socket), cb);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    L2capPacketForwarder(Handler handler, IReadWriteFd tunFd, IReadWriteFd l2capFd, ICallback cb) {
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mTunFd = tunFd;
+        mL2capFd = l2capFd;
+        mCallback = cb;
+
+        mIngressThread = new L2capThread("L2capThread-Ingress", l2capFd, tunFd);
+        mEgressThread = new L2capThread("L2capThread-Egress", tunFd, l2capFd);
+
+        mIngressThread.start();
+        mEgressThread.start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tear down the L2capPacketForwarder.
+     *
+     * This operation closes both the passed tun fd and BluetoothSocket.
+     **/
+    public void tearDown() {
+        // Destroying both threads first guarantees that both read and write side of FD have been
+        // shutdown.
+        mIngressThread.tearDown();
+        mEgressThread.tearDown();
+
+        // In order to interrupt a blocking read on the BluetoothSocket, the BluetoothSocket must be
+        // closed (which triggers shutdown()). This means, the BluetoothSocket must be closed inside
+        // L2capPacketForwarder. Tear down the tun fd alongside it for consistency.
+        mTunFd.close();
+        mL2capFd.close();
+
+        try {
+            mIngressThread.join();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // join() interrupted in tearDown path, do nothing.
+        }
+        try {
+            mEgressThread.join();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // join() interrupted in tearDown path, do nothing.
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/Android.bp b/staticlibs/Android.bp
index b4a3b8a..0eab6e7 100644
--- a/staticlibs/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/Android.bp
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
     // TODO: remove "apex_available:platform".
     apex_available: [
         "//apex_available:platform",
-        "com.android.btservices",
+        "com.android.bt",
         "com.android.tethering",
         "com.android.wifi",
     ],
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RealtimeScheduler.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RealtimeScheduler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8fdf72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RealtimeScheduler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
+
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.MessageQueue;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.CloseGuard;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a realtime scheduler object used for scheduling tasks with precise delays.
+ * Compared to {@link Handler#postDelayed}, this class offers enhanced accuracy for delayed
+ * callbacks by accounting for periods when the device is in deep sleep.
+ *
+ *  <p> This class is designed for use exclusively from the handler thread.
+ *
+ * **Usage Examples:**
+ *
+ * ** Scheduling recurring tasks with the same RealtimeScheduler **
+ *
+ * ```java
+ * // Create a RealtimeScheduler
+ * final RealtimeScheduler scheduler = new RealtimeScheduler(handler);
+ *
+ * // Schedule a new task with a delay.
+ * scheduler.postDelayed(() -> taskToExecute(), delayTime);
+ *
+ * // Once the delay has elapsed, and the task is running, schedule another task.
+ * scheduler.postDelayed(() -> anotherTaskToExecute(), anotherDelayTime);
+ *
+ * // Remember to close the RealtimeScheduler after all tasks have finished running.
+ * scheduler.close();
+ * ```
+ */
+public class RealtimeScheduler {
+    private static final String TAG = RealtimeScheduler.class.getSimpleName();
+    // EVENT_ERROR may be generated even if not specified, as per its javadoc.
+    private static final int FD_EVENTS = EVENT_INPUT | EVENT_ERROR;
+    private final CloseGuard mGuard = new CloseGuard();
+    @NonNull
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    @NonNull
+    private final MessageQueue mQueue;
+    @NonNull
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mParcelFileDescriptor;
+    private final int mFdInt;
+
+    private final PriorityQueue<Task> mTaskQueue;
+
+    /**
+     * An abstract class for defining tasks that can be executed using a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    private abstract static class Task implements Comparable<Task> {
+        private final long mRunTimeMs;
+        private final long mCreatedTimeNs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+
+        /**
+         * create a task with a run time
+         */
+        Task(long runTimeMs) {
+            mRunTimeMs = runTimeMs;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Executes the task using the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for executing the task.
+         */
+        abstract void post(Handler handler);
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(@NonNull Task o) {
+            if (mRunTimeMs != o.mRunTimeMs) {
+                return Long.compare(mRunTimeMs, o.mRunTimeMs);
+            }
+            return Long.compare(mCreatedTimeNs, o.mCreatedTimeNs);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the run time of the task.
+         */
+        public long getRunTimeMs() {
+            return mRunTimeMs;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A task that sends a {@link Message} using a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    private static class MessageTask extends Task {
+        private final Message mMessage;
+
+        MessageTask(Message message, long runTimeMs) {
+            super(runTimeMs);
+            mMessage = message;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sends the {@link Message} using the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for sending the message.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void post(Handler handler) {
+            handler.sendMessage(mMessage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A task that posts a {@link Runnable} to a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    private static class RunnableTask extends Task {
+        private final Runnable mRunnable;
+
+        RunnableTask(Runnable runnable, long runTimeMs) {
+            super(runTimeMs);
+            mRunnable = runnable;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Posts the {@link Runnable} to the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for posting the runnable.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void post(Handler handler) {
+            handler.post(mRunnable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The RealtimeScheduler constructor
+     *
+     * Note: The constructor is currently safe to call on another thread because it only sets final
+     * members and registers the event to be called on the handler.
+     */
+    public RealtimeScheduler(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+        mFdInt = TimerFdUtils.createTimerFileDescriptor();
+        mParcelFileDescriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(mFdInt);
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mQueue = handler.getLooper().getQueue();
+        mTaskQueue = new PriorityQueue<>();
+        registerFdEventListener();
+
+        mGuard.open("close");
+    }
+
+    private boolean enqueueTask(@NonNull Task task, long delayMs) {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        if (delayMs <= 0L) {
+            task.post(mHandler);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (mTaskQueue.isEmpty() || task.compareTo(mTaskQueue.peek()) < 0) {
+            if (!TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt, delayMs)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        mTaskQueue.add(task);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a runnable to be executed after a specified delay.
+     *
+     * If delayMs is less than or equal to 0, the runnable will be executed immediately.
+     *
+     * @param runnable the runnable to be executed
+     * @param delayMs the delay time in milliseconds
+     * @return true if the task is scheduled successfully, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean postDelayed(@NonNull Runnable runnable, long delayMs) {
+        return enqueueTask(new RunnableTask(runnable, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + delayMs),
+                delayMs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a scheduled runnable.
+     *
+     * @param runnable the runnable to be removed
+     */
+    public void removeDelayedRunnable(@NonNull Runnable runnable) {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        mTaskQueue.removeIf(task -> task instanceof RunnableTask
+                && ((RunnableTask) task).mRunnable == runnable);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a message to be sent after a specified delay.
+     *
+     * If delayMs is less than or equal to 0, the message will be sent immediately.
+     *
+     * @param msg the message to be sent
+     * @param delayMs the delay time in milliseconds
+     * @return true if the message is scheduled successfully, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean sendDelayedMessage(Message msg, long delayMs) {
+
+        return enqueueTask(new MessageTask(msg, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + delayMs), delayMs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a scheduled message.
+     *
+     * @param what the message to be removed
+     */
+    public void removeDelayedMessage(int what) {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        mTaskQueue.removeIf(task -> task instanceof MessageTask
+                && ((MessageTask) task).mMessage.what == what);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close the RealtimeScheduler. This implementation closes the underlying
+     * OS resources allocated to represent this stream.
+     */
+    public void close() {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        unregisterAndDestroyFd();
+    }
+
+    private void registerFdEventListener() {
+        mQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(
+                mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(),
+                FD_EVENTS,
+                (fd, events) -> {
+                    if (!isRunning()) {
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    if ((events & EVENT_ERROR) != 0) {
+                        Log.wtf(TAG, "Got EVENT_ERROR from FileDescriptorEventListener.");
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    if ((events & EVENT_INPUT) != 0) {
+                        handleExpiration();
+                    }
+                    return FD_EVENTS;
+                });
+    }
+
+    private boolean isRunning() {
+        return mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor().valid();
+    }
+
+    private void handleExpiration() {
+        // The data from the FileDescriptor must be read after the timer expires. Otherwise,
+        // expiration callbacks will continue to be sent, notifying of unread data. The content(the
+        // number of expirations) can be ignored, as the callback is the only item of interest.
+        // Refer to https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/timerfd_create.2.html
+        // read(2)
+        //         If the timer has already expired one or more times since
+        //         its settings were last modified using timerfd_settime(),
+        //         or since the last successful read(2), then the buffer
+        //         given to read(2) returns an unsigned 8-byte integer
+        //         (uint64_t) containing the number of expirations that have
+        //         occurred.  (The returned value is in host byte order—that
+        //         is, the native byte order for integers on the host
+        //         machine.)
+        final byte[] readBuffer = new byte[8];
+        try {
+            Os.read(mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(), readBuffer, 0, readBuffer.length);
+        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException exception) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Read FileDescriptor failed. ", exception);
+        }
+
+        long currentTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        while (!mTaskQueue.isEmpty()) {
+            final Task task = mTaskQueue.peek();
+            currentTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            if (currentTimeMs < task.getRunTimeMs()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            task.post(mHandler);
+            mTaskQueue.poll();
+        }
+
+        if (!mTaskQueue.isEmpty()) {
+            // Using currentTimeMs ensures that the calculated expiration time
+            // is always positive.
+            if (!TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt,
+                    mTaskQueue.peek().getRunTimeMs() - currentTimeMs)) {
+                // If setting the expiration time fails, clear the task queue.
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to set expiration time");
+                mTaskQueue.clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterAndDestroyFd() {
+        if (mGuard != null) {
+            mGuard.close();
+        }
+
+        mQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor());
+        try {
+            mParcelFileDescriptor.close();
+        } catch (IOException exception) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "close ParcelFileDescriptor failed. ", exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureRunningOnCorrectThread() {
+        if (mHandler.getLooper() != Looper.myLooper()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on Handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("Finalize")
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        if (mGuard != null) {
+            mGuard.warnIfOpen();
+        }
+        super.finalize();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/ServiceConnectivityJni.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/ServiceConnectivityJni.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5dd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/ServiceConnectivityJni.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Contains JNI functions for use in service-connectivity
+ */
+public class ServiceConnectivityJni {
+    static {
+        final String libName = JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(ServiceConnectivityJni.class.getPackage());
+        if (libName.equals("android_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni")) {
+            // This library is part of service-connectivity.jar when in the system server,
+            // so libservice-connectivity.so is the library to load.
+            System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+        } else {
+            System.loadLibrary(libName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a timerfd.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException if the timerfd creation is failed.
+     */
+    public static native int createTimerFd() throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Set given time to the timerfd.
+     *
+     * @param timeMs target time
+     * @throws IOException if setting expiration time is failed.
+     */
+    public static native void setTimerFdTime(int fd, long timeMs) throws IOException;
+
+    /** Create tun/tap interface */
+    public static native int createTunTap(boolean isTun, boolean hasCarrier,
+            boolean setIffMulticast, @NonNull String iface);
+
+    /** Enable carrier on tun/tap interface */
+    public static native void setTunTapCarrierEnabled(@NonNull String iface, int tunFd,
+            boolean enabled);
+
+    /** Bring up tun/tap interface */
+    public static native void bringUpInterface(String iface);
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
index f0de142..10bc595 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
@@ -25,40 +25,14 @@
  * Contains mostly timerfd functionality.
  */
 public class TimerFdUtils {
-    static {
-        final String jniLibName = JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(TimerFdUtils.class.getPackage());
-        if (jniLibName.equals("android_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni")) {
-            // This library is part of service-connectivity.jar when in the system server,
-            // so libservice-connectivity.so is the library to load.
-            System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
-        } else {
-            System.loadLibrary(jniLibName);
-        }
-    }
-
     private static final String TAG = TimerFdUtils.class.getSimpleName();
 
     /**
-     * Create a timerfd.
-     *
-     * @throws IOException if the timerfd creation is failed.
-     */
-    private static native int createTimerFd() throws IOException;
-
-    /**
-     * Set given time to the timerfd.
-     *
-     * @param timeMs target time
-     * @throws IOException if setting expiration time is failed.
-     */
-    private static native void setTime(int fd, long timeMs) throws IOException;
-
-    /**
      * Create a timerfd
      */
     static int createTimerFileDescriptor() {
         try {
-            return createTimerFd();
+            return ServiceConnectivityJni.createTimerFd();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "createTimerFd failed", e);
             return -1;
@@ -70,7 +44,7 @@
      */
     static boolean setExpirationTime(int fd, long expirationTimeMs) {
         try {
-            setTime(fd, expirationTimeMs);
+            ServiceConnectivityJni.setTimerFdTime(fd, expirationTimeMs);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "setExpirationTime failed", e);
             return false;
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java
deleted file mode 100644
index dbbccc5..0000000
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.net.module.util;
-
-import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
-import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
-
-import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.Looper;
-import android.os.Message;
-import android.os.MessageQueue;
-import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
-import android.util.CloseGuard;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
-import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-/**
- * Represents a Timer file descriptor object used for scheduling tasks with precise delays.
- * Compared to {@link Handler#postDelayed}, this class offers enhanced accuracy for delayed
- * callbacks by accounting for periods when the device is in deep sleep.
- *
- *  <p> This class is designed for use exclusively from the handler thread.
- *
- * **Usage Examples:**
- *
- * ** Scheduling recurring tasks with the same TimerFileDescriptor **
- *
- * ```java
- * // Create a TimerFileDescriptor
- * final TimerFileDescriptor timerFd = new TimerFileDescriptor(handler);
- *
- * // Schedule a new task with a delay.
- * timerFd.setDelayedTask(() -> taskToExecute(), delayTime);
- *
- * // Once the delay has elapsed, and the task is running, schedule another task.
- * timerFd.setDelayedTask(() -> anotherTaskToExecute(), anotherDelayTime);
- *
- * // Remember to close the TimerFileDescriptor after all tasks have finished running.
- * timerFd.close();
- * ```
- */
-public class TimerFileDescriptor {
-    private static final String TAG = TimerFileDescriptor.class.getSimpleName();
-    // EVENT_ERROR may be generated even if not specified, as per its javadoc.
-    private static final int FD_EVENTS = EVENT_INPUT | EVENT_ERROR;
-    private final CloseGuard mGuard = new CloseGuard();
-    @NonNull
-    private final Handler mHandler;
-    @NonNull
-    private final MessageQueue mQueue;
-    @NonNull
-    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mParcelFileDescriptor;
-    private final int mFdInt;
-    @Nullable
-    private ITask mTask;
-
-    /**
-     * An interface for defining tasks that can be executed using a {@link Handler}.
-     */
-    public interface ITask {
-        /**
-         * Executes the task using the provided {@link Handler}.
-         *
-         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for executing the task.
-         */
-        void post(Handler handler);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A task that sends a {@link Message} using a {@link Handler}.
-     */
-    public static class MessageTask implements ITask {
-        private final Message mMessage;
-
-        public MessageTask(Message message) {
-            mMessage = message;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Sends the {@link Message} using the provided {@link Handler}.
-         *
-         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for sending the message.
-         */
-        @Override
-        public void post(Handler handler) {
-            handler.sendMessage(mMessage);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A task that posts a {@link Runnable} to a {@link Handler}.
-     */
-    public static class RunnableTask implements ITask {
-        private final Runnable mRunnable;
-
-        public RunnableTask(Runnable runnable) {
-            mRunnable = runnable;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Posts the {@link Runnable} to the provided {@link Handler}.
-         *
-         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for posting the runnable.
-         */
-        @Override
-        public void post(Handler handler) {
-            handler.post(mRunnable);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * TimerFileDescriptor constructor
-     *
-     * Note: The constructor is currently safe to call on another thread because it only sets final
-     * members and registers the event to be called on the handler.
-     */
-    public TimerFileDescriptor(@NonNull Handler handler) {
-        mFdInt = TimerFdUtils.createTimerFileDescriptor();
-        mParcelFileDescriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(mFdInt);
-        mHandler = handler;
-        mQueue = handler.getLooper().getQueue();
-        registerFdEventListener();
-
-        mGuard.open("close");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Set a task to be executed after a specified delay.
-     *
-     * <p> A task can only be scheduled once at a time. Cancel previous scheduled task before the
-     *     new task is scheduled.
-     *
-     * @param task the task to be executed
-     * @param delayMs the delay time in milliseconds
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if try to replace the current scheduled task
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the delay time is less than 0
-     */
-    public void setDelayedTask(@NonNull ITask task, long delayMs) {
-        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
-        if (mTask != null) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("task is already scheduled");
-        }
-        if (delayMs <= 0L) {
-            task.post(mHandler);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt, delayMs)) {
-            mTask = task;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Cancel the scheduled task.
-     */
-    public void cancelTask() {
-        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
-        if (mTask == null) return;
-
-        TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt, 0 /* delayMs */);
-        mTask = null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Check if there is a scheduled task.
-     */
-    public boolean hasDelayedTask() {
-        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
-        return mTask != null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Close the TimerFileDescriptor. This implementation closes the underlying
-     * OS resources allocated to represent this stream.
-     */
-    public void close() {
-        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
-        unregisterAndDestroyFd();
-    }
-
-    private void registerFdEventListener() {
-        mQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(
-                mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(),
-                FD_EVENTS,
-                (fd, events) -> {
-                    if (!isRunning()) {
-                        return 0;
-                    }
-                    if ((events & EVENT_INPUT) != 0) {
-                        handleExpiration();
-                    }
-                    return FD_EVENTS;
-                });
-    }
-
-    private boolean isRunning() {
-        return mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor().valid();
-    }
-
-    private void handleExpiration() {
-        // Execute the task
-        if (mTask != null) {
-            mTask.post(mHandler);
-            mTask = null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void unregisterAndDestroyFd() {
-        if (mGuard != null) {
-            mGuard.close();
-        }
-
-        mQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor());
-        try {
-            mParcelFileDescriptor.close();
-        } catch (IOException exception) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "close ParcelFileDescriptor failed. ", exception);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void ensureRunningOnCorrectThread() {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper() != Looper.myLooper()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on Handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @SuppressWarnings("Finalize")
-    @Override
-    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
-        if (mGuard != null) {
-            mGuard.warnIfOpen();
-        }
-        super.finalize();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
index e2544d3..0d96fc4 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
     public static final int INET_DIAG_INFO = 2;
     public static final int INET_DIAG_MARK = 15;
 
-    public static final long IO_TIMEOUT_MS = 300L;
+    public static final long IO_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000L;
 
     public static final int DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE = 8 * 1024;
     public static final int SOCKET_RECV_BUFSIZE = 64 * 1024;
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
index 1afe3b8..f17a7ec 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
@@ -357,7 +357,8 @@
         // interface, including change in administrative state. While RTM_SETLINK is used to
         // modify an existing link rather than creating a new one.
         return RtNetlinkLinkMessage.build(
-                new StructNlMsgHdr(/*payloadLen*/ 0, RTM_NEWLINK, NLM_F_REQUEST, sequenceNumber),
+                new StructNlMsgHdr(
+                        /*payloadLen*/ 0, RTM_NEWLINK, NLM_F_REQUEST_ACK, sequenceNumber),
                 new StructIfinfoMsg((short) AF_UNSPEC, /*type*/ 0, interfaceIndex,
                         flagsBits, changeBits),
                 DEFAULT_MTU, /*hardwareAddress*/ null, /*interfaceName*/ null);
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/TerribleErrorLog.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/TerribleErrorLog.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4f7642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/TerribleErrorLog.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class for logging terrible errors and reporting them for tracking.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class TerribleErrorLog {
+
+    private static final String TAG = TerribleErrorLog.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    /**
+     * Logs a terrible error and reports metrics through a provided statsLog.
+     */
+    public static void logTerribleError(@NonNull BiConsumer<Integer, Integer> statsLog,
+            @NonNull String message, int protoType, int errorType) {
+        statsLog.accept(protoType, errorType);
+        Log.wtf(TAG, message);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/serviceconnectivityjni/Android.bp
similarity index 86%
rename from staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/Android.bp
rename to staticlibs/native/serviceconnectivityjni/Android.bp
index 939a2d2..18246dd 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/serviceconnectivityjni/Android.bp
@@ -18,17 +18,20 @@
 }
 
 cc_library_static {
-    name: "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
+    name: "libserviceconnectivityjni",
     srcs: [
-        "com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp",
+        "com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni.cpp",
     ],
     header_libs: [
+        "bpf_headers",
         "jni_headers",
+        "libbase_headers",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
         "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
     ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/serviceconnectivityjni/com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni.cpp b/staticlibs/native/serviceconnectivityjni/com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8767589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/native/serviceconnectivityjni/com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_tun.h>
+#include <linux/ipv6_route.h>
+#include <linux/route.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/timerfd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <bpf/KernelUtils.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h>
+
+#define MSEC_PER_SEC 1000
+#define NSEC_PER_MSEC 1000000
+
+#ifndef IFF_NO_CARRIER
+#define IFF_NO_CARRIER 0x0040
+#endif
+
+namespace android {
+
+static jint createTimerFd(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz) {
+  int tfd;
+  // For safety, the file descriptor should have O_NONBLOCK(TFD_NONBLOCK) set
+  // using fcntl during creation. This ensures that, in the worst-case scenario,
+  // an EAGAIN error is returned when reading.
+  tfd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, TFD_NONBLOCK);
+  if (tfd == -1) {
+    jniThrowErrnoException(env, "createTimerFd", tfd);
+  }
+  return tfd;
+}
+
+static void setTimerFdTime(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jint tfd,
+                           jlong milliseconds) {
+  struct itimerspec new_value;
+  new_value.it_value.tv_sec = milliseconds / MSEC_PER_SEC;
+  new_value.it_value.tv_nsec = (milliseconds % MSEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
+  // Set the interval time to 0 because it's designed for repeated timer
+  // expirations after the initial expiration, which doesn't fit the current
+  // usage.
+  new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
+  new_value.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
+
+  int ret = timerfd_settime(tfd, 0, &new_value, NULL);
+  if (ret == -1) {
+    jniThrowErrnoException(env, "setTimerFdTime", ret);
+  }
+}
+
+static void throwException(JNIEnv *env, int error, const char *action,
+                           const char *iface) {
+  const std::string &msg = "Error: " + std::string(action) + " " +
+                           std::string(iface) + ": " +
+                           std::string(strerror(error));
+  jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", msg.c_str());
+}
+
+// enable or disable  carrier on tun / tap interface.
+static void setTunTapCarrierEnabledImpl(JNIEnv *env, const char *iface,
+                                        int tunFd, bool enabled) {
+  uint32_t carrierOn = enabled;
+  if (ioctl(tunFd, TUNSETCARRIER, &carrierOn)) {
+    throwException(env, errno, "set carrier", iface);
+  }
+}
+
+static int createTunTapImpl(JNIEnv *env, bool isTun, bool hasCarrier,
+                            bool setIffMulticast, const char *iface) {
+  base::unique_fd tun(open("/dev/tun", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK));
+  ifreq ifr{};
+
+  // Allocate interface.
+  ifr.ifr_flags = (isTun ? IFF_TUN : IFF_TAP) | IFF_NO_PI;
+  if (!hasCarrier) {
+    // Using IFF_NO_CARRIER is supported starting in kernel version >= 6.0
+    // Up until then, unsupported flags are ignored.
+    if (!bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 0, 0)) {
+      throwException(env, EOPNOTSUPP, "IFF_NO_CARRIER not supported",
+                     ifr.ifr_name);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_NO_CARRIER;
+  }
+  strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, iface, IFNAMSIZ);
+  if (ioctl(tun.get(), TUNSETIFF, &ifr)) {
+    throwException(env, errno, "allocating", ifr.ifr_name);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // Mark some TAP interfaces as supporting multicast
+  if (setIffMulticast && !isTun) {
+    base::unique_fd inet6CtrlSock(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0));
+    ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_MULTICAST;
+
+    if (ioctl(inet6CtrlSock.get(), SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr)) {
+      throwException(env, errno, "set IFF_MULTICAST", ifr.ifr_name);
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return tun.release();
+}
+
+static void bringUpInterfaceImpl(JNIEnv *env, const char *iface) {
+  // Activate interface using an unconnected datagram socket.
+  base::unique_fd inet6CtrlSock(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0));
+
+  ifreq ifr{};
+  strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, iface, IFNAMSIZ);
+  if (ioctl(inet6CtrlSock.get(), SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr)) {
+    throwException(env, errno, "read flags", iface);
+    return;
+  }
+  ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
+  if (ioctl(inet6CtrlSock.get(), SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr)) {
+    throwException(env, errno, "set IFF_UP", iface);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void setTunTapCarrierEnabled(JNIEnv *env, jclass /* clazz */,
+                                    jstring jIface, jint tunFd,
+                                    jboolean enabled) {
+  ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
+  if (!iface.c_str()) {
+    jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
+    return;
+  }
+  setTunTapCarrierEnabledImpl(env, iface.c_str(), tunFd, enabled);
+}
+
+static jint createTunTap(JNIEnv *env, jclass /* clazz */, jboolean isTun,
+                         jboolean hasCarrier, jboolean setIffMulticast,
+                         jstring jIface) {
+  ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
+  if (!iface.c_str()) {
+    jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return createTunTapImpl(env, isTun, hasCarrier, setIffMulticast,
+                          iface.c_str());
+}
+
+static void bringUpInterface(JNIEnv *env, jclass /* clazz */, jstring jIface) {
+  ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
+  if (!iface.c_str()) {
+    jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
+    return;
+  }
+  bringUpInterfaceImpl(env, iface.c_str());
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    {"createTimerFd", "()I", (void *)createTimerFd},
+    {"setTimerFdTime", "(IJ)V", (void *)setTimerFdTime},
+    {"setTunTapCarrierEnabled", "(Ljava/lang/String;IZ)V",
+     (void *)setTunTapCarrierEnabled},
+    {"createTunTap", "(ZZZLjava/lang/String;)I", (void *)createTunTap},
+    {"bringUpInterface", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", (void *)bringUpInterface},
+};
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni(
+    JNIEnv *env, char const *class_name) {
+  return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, class_name, gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp b/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp
index 21e781c..5425d0e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/tcutils/tcutils.cpp
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@
 const sockaddr_nl KERNEL_NLADDR = {AF_NETLINK, 0, 0, 0};
 const uint16_t NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK;
 
-int sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(const void *req, int len) {
+int sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(const void *req, int len, bool enoent_ok) {
   // TODO: use unique_fd instead of ScopeGuard
   unique_fd fd(socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE));
   if (!fd.ok()) {
@@ -445,7 +445,9 @@
     return -ENOMSG;
   }
 
-  if (resp.e.error) {
+  if (resp.e.error == -ENOENT) {
+    if (!enoent_ok) ALOGE("NLMSG_ERROR message returned ENOENT");
+  } else if (resp.e.error) {
     ALOGE("NLMSG_ERROR message return error: %d", resp.e.error);
   }
   return resp.e.error; // returns 0 on success
@@ -560,7 +562,8 @@
   };
 #undef CLSACT
 
-  return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req));
+  const bool enoent_ok = (nlMsgType == RTM_DELQDISC);
+  return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req), enoent_ok);
 }
 
 // tc filter add dev .. in/egress prio 1 protocol ipv6/ip bpf object-pinned
@@ -666,7 +669,7 @@
   snprintf(req.options.name.str, sizeof(req.options.name.str), "%s:[*fsobj]",
            basename(bpfProgPath));
 
-  int error = sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req));
+  int error = sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req), false);
   return error;
 }
 
@@ -698,7 +701,8 @@
     return error;
   }
   return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(filter.getRequest(),
-                                       filter.getRequestSize());
+                                       filter.getRequestSize(),
+                                       false);
 }
 
 // tc filter del dev .. in/egress prio .. protocol ..
@@ -726,7 +730,7 @@
           },
   };
 
-  return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req));
+  return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req), true);
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp b/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c4c960d..0000000
--- a/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <jni.h>
-#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
-#include <nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-#include <sys/timerfd.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#define MSEC_PER_SEC 1000
-#define NSEC_PER_MSEC 1000000
-
-namespace android {
-
-static jint
-com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_createTimerFd(JNIEnv *env,
-                                                       jclass clazz) {
-  int tfd;
-  tfd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, 0);
-  if (tfd == -1) {
-    jniThrowErrnoException(env, "createTimerFd", tfd);
-  }
-  return tfd;
-}
-
-static void
-com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_setTime(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
-                                                 jint tfd, jlong milliseconds) {
-  struct itimerspec new_value;
-  new_value.it_value.tv_sec = milliseconds / MSEC_PER_SEC;
-  new_value.it_value.tv_nsec = (milliseconds % MSEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
-  // Set the interval time to 0 because it's designed for repeated timer expirations after the
-  // initial expiration, which doesn't fit the current usage.
-  new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
-  new_value.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
-
-  int ret = timerfd_settime(tfd, 0, &new_value, NULL);
-  if (ret == -1) {
-    jniThrowErrnoException(env, "setTime", ret);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
- * JNI registration.
- */
-static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
-    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
-    {"createTimerFd", "()I",
-     (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_createTimerFd},
-    {"setTime", "(IJ)V",
-     (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_setTime},
-};
-
-int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
-                                                      char const *class_name) {
-  return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, class_name, gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
-}
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp b/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp
index 44abba2..03f5f06 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/Android.bp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     sdk_version: "system_current",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     static_libs: [
-        "netd_aidl_interface-V15-java",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-V16-java",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "//apex_available:platform", // used from services.net
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
     whole_static_libs: [
-        "netd_aidl_interface-V15-ndk",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-V16-ndk",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.resolv",
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@
 
 cc_defaults {
     name: "netd_aidl_interface_lateststable_cpp_static",
-    static_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V15-cpp"],
+    static_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V16-cpp"],
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
     name: "netd_aidl_interface_lateststable_cpp_shared",
-    shared_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V15-cpp"],
+    shared_libs: ["netd_aidl_interface-V16-cpp"],
 }
 
 aidl_interface {
@@ -171,6 +171,10 @@
             version: "15",
             imports: [],
         },
+        {
+            version: "16",
+            imports: [],
+        },
 
     ],
     frozen: true,
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/.hash b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/.hash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08cd338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/.hash
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+28e20632b92e146787d32437a53aaa5ad39125b7
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/INetd.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/INetd.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8351b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/INetd.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+interface INetd {
+  boolean isAlive();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  boolean firewallReplaceUidChain(in @utf8InCpp String chainName, boolean isAllowlist, in int[] uids);
+  boolean bandwidthEnableDataSaver(boolean enable);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use networkCreate() instead.
+   */
+  void networkCreatePhysical(int netId, int permission);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use networkCreate() instead.
+   */
+  void networkCreateVpn(int netId, boolean secure);
+  void networkDestroy(int netId);
+  void networkAddInterface(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String iface);
+  void networkRemoveInterface(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String iface);
+  void networkAddUidRanges(int netId, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void networkRemoveUidRanges(int netId, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void networkRejectNonSecureVpn(boolean add, in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges);
+  void socketDestroy(in android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges, in int[] exemptUids);
+  boolean tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel[] tetherGetStats();
+  void interfaceAddAddress(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String addrString, int prefixLength);
+  void interfaceDelAddress(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String addrString, int prefixLength);
+  @utf8InCpp String getProcSysNet(int ipversion, int which, in @utf8InCpp String ifname, in @utf8InCpp String parameter);
+  void setProcSysNet(int ipversion, int which, in @utf8InCpp String ifname, in @utf8InCpp String parameter, in @utf8InCpp String value);
+  void ipSecSetEncapSocketOwner(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int newUid);
+  int ipSecAllocateSpi(int transformId, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi);
+  void ipSecAddSecurityAssociation(int transformId, int mode, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int underlyingNetId, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, in @utf8InCpp String authAlgo, in byte[] authKey, in int authTruncBits, in @utf8InCpp String cryptAlgo, in byte[] cryptKey, in int cryptTruncBits, in @utf8InCpp String aeadAlgo, in byte[] aeadKey, in int aeadIcvBits, int encapType, int encapLocalPort, int encapRemotePort, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(int transformId, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecApplyTransportModeTransform(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int transformId, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String sourceAddress, in @utf8InCpp String destinationAddress, int spi);
+  void ipSecRemoveTransportModeTransform(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket);
+  void ipSecAddSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String tmplSrcAddress, in @utf8InCpp String tmplDstAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecUpdateSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, in @utf8InCpp String tmplSrcAddress, in @utf8InCpp String tmplDstAddress, int spi, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecDeleteSecurityPolicy(int transformId, int selAddrFamily, int direction, int markValue, int markMask, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecAddTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName, in @utf8InCpp String localAddress, in @utf8InCpp String remoteAddress, int iKey, int oKey, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecUpdateTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName, in @utf8InCpp String localAddress, in @utf8InCpp String remoteAddress, int iKey, int oKey, int interfaceId);
+  void ipSecRemoveTunnelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String deviceName);
+  void wakeupAddInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String prefix, int mark, int mask);
+  void wakeupDelInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String prefix, int mark, int mask);
+  void setIPv6AddrGenMode(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int mode);
+  void idletimerAddInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int timeout, in @utf8InCpp String classLabel);
+  void idletimerRemoveInterface(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int timeout, in @utf8InCpp String classLabel);
+  void strictUidCleartextPenalty(int uid, int policyPenalty);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The clatd control plane moved to the mainline module starting in T. See ClatCoordinator.
+   */
+  @utf8InCpp String clatdStart(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String nat64Prefix);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The clatd control plane moved to the mainline module starting in T. See ClatCoordinator.
+   */
+  void clatdStop(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  boolean ipfwdEnabled();
+  @utf8InCpp String[] ipfwdGetRequesterList();
+  void ipfwdEnableForwarding(in @utf8InCpp String requester);
+  void ipfwdDisableForwarding(in @utf8InCpp String requester);
+  void ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(in @utf8InCpp String fromIface, in @utf8InCpp String toIface);
+  void ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(in @utf8InCpp String fromIface, in @utf8InCpp String toIface);
+  void bandwidthSetInterfaceQuota(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, long bytes);
+  void bandwidthRemoveInterfaceQuota(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void bandwidthSetInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, long bytes);
+  void bandwidthRemoveInterfaceAlert(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void bandwidthSetGlobalAlert(long bytes);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthAddNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthRemoveNaughtyApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthAddNiceApp(int uid);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void bandwidthRemoveNiceApp(int uid);
+  void tetherStart(in @utf8InCpp String[] dhcpRanges);
+  void tetherStop();
+  boolean tetherIsEnabled();
+  void tetherInterfaceAdd(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void tetherInterfaceRemove(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] tetherInterfaceList();
+  void tetherDnsSet(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String[] dnsAddrs);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] tetherDnsList();
+  void networkAddRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop);
+  void networkRemoveRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop);
+  void networkAddLegacyRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop, int uid);
+  void networkRemoveLegacyRoute(int netId, in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in @utf8InCpp String destination, in @utf8InCpp String nextHop, int uid);
+  int networkGetDefault();
+  void networkSetDefault(int netId);
+  void networkClearDefault();
+  void networkSetPermissionForNetwork(int netId, int permission);
+  void networkSetPermissionForUser(int permission, in int[] uids);
+  void networkClearPermissionForUser(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void trafficSetNetPermForUids(int permission, in int[] uids);
+  void networkSetProtectAllow(int uid);
+  void networkSetProtectDeny(int uid);
+  boolean networkCanProtect(int uid);
+  void firewallSetFirewallType(int firewalltype);
+  void firewallSetInterfaceRule(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallSetUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallEnableChildChain(int childChain, boolean enable);
+  @utf8InCpp String[] interfaceGetList();
+  android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel interfaceGetCfg(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void interfaceSetCfg(in android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel cfg);
+  void interfaceSetIPv6PrivacyExtensions(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean enable);
+  void interfaceClearAddrs(in @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  void interfaceSetEnableIPv6(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean enable);
+  void interfaceSetMtu(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, int mtu);
+  void tetherAddForward(in @utf8InCpp String intIface, in @utf8InCpp String extIface);
+  void tetherRemoveForward(in @utf8InCpp String intIface, in @utf8InCpp String extIface);
+  void setTcpRWmemorySize(in @utf8InCpp String rmemValues, in @utf8InCpp String wmemValues);
+  void registerUnsolicitedEventListener(android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener listener);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(in @utf8InCpp String ifName, in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(in int[] uids);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated unimplemented on T+.
+   */
+  void trafficSwapActiveStatsMap();
+  IBinder getOemNetd();
+  void tetherStartWithConfiguration(in android.net.TetherConfigParcel config);
+  android.net.MarkMaskParcel getFwmarkForNetwork(int netId);
+  void networkAddRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  void networkUpdateRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  void networkRemoveRouteParcel(int netId, in android.net.RouteInfoParcel routeInfo);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadRuleAdd(in android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel rule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadRuleRemove(in android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel rule);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel[] tetherOffloadGetStats();
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  void tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(int ifIndex, long quotaBytes);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated This method has no effect and throws UnsupportedOperationException. The mainline module accesses the BPF map directly starting in S. See BpfCoordinator.
+   */
+  android.net.TetherStatsParcel tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(int ifIndex);
+  void networkCreate(in android.net.NativeNetworkConfig config);
+  void networkAddUidRangesParcel(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig uidRangesConfig);
+  void networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig uidRangesConfig);
+  void ipSecMigrate(in android.net.IpSecMigrateInfoParcel migrateInfo);
+  void setNetworkAllowlist(in android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig[] allowedNetworks);
+  void networkAllowBypassVpnOnNetwork(boolean allow, int uid, int netId);
+  const int IPV4 = 4;
+  const int IPV6 = 6;
+  const int CONF = 1;
+  const int NEIGH = 2;
+  const String IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX = "ipsec";
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_EUI64 = 0;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE = 1;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_STABLE_PRIVACY = 2;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_RANDOM = 3;
+  const int IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_DEFAULT = 0;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_ACCEPT = 1;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_LOG = 2;
+  const int PENALTY_POLICY_REJECT = 3;
+  const int CLAT_MARK = 0xdeadc1a7;
+  const int LOCAL_NET_ID = 99;
+  const int DUMMY_NET_ID = 51;
+  const int UNREACHABLE_NET_ID = 52;
+  const String NEXTHOP_NONE = "";
+  const String NEXTHOP_UNREACHABLE = "unreachable";
+  const String NEXTHOP_THROW = "throw";
+  const int PERMISSION_NONE = 0;
+  const int PERMISSION_NETWORK = 1;
+  const int PERMISSION_SYSTEM = 2;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
+  const int NO_PERMISSIONS = 0;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
+  const int PERMISSION_INTERNET = 4;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
+  const int PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 8;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
+  const int PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED = (-1) /* -1 */;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST.
+   */
+  const int FIREWALL_WHITELIST = 0;
+  const int FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST = 0;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use FIREWALL_DENYLIST.
+   */
+  const int FIREWALL_BLACKLIST = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_DENYLIST = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_RULE_DENY = 2;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_NONE = 0;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3;
+  const int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4;
+  const String IF_STATE_UP = "up";
+  const String IF_STATE_DOWN = "down";
+  const String IF_FLAG_BROADCAST = "broadcast";
+  const String IF_FLAG_LOOPBACK = "loopback";
+  const String IF_FLAG_POINTOPOINT = "point-to-point";
+  const String IF_FLAG_RUNNING = "running";
+  const String IF_FLAG_MULTICAST = "multicast";
+  const int IPSEC_DIRECTION_IN = 0;
+  const int IPSEC_DIRECTION_OUT = 1;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31775df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/INetdUnsolicitedEventListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+interface INetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+  oneway void onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(boolean isActive, int timerLabel, long timestampNs, int uid);
+  oneway void onQuotaLimitReached(@utf8InCpp String alertName, @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceDnsServerInfo(@utf8InCpp String ifName, long lifetimeS, in @utf8InCpp String[] servers);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAddressUpdated(@utf8InCpp String addr, @utf8InCpp String ifName, int flags, int scope);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAddressRemoved(@utf8InCpp String addr, @utf8InCpp String ifName, int flags, int scope);
+  oneway void onInterfaceAdded(@utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceRemoved(@utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onInterfaceChanged(@utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean up);
+  oneway void onInterfaceLinkStateChanged(@utf8InCpp String ifName, boolean up);
+  oneway void onRouteChanged(boolean updated, @utf8InCpp String route, @utf8InCpp String gateway, @utf8InCpp String ifName);
+  oneway void onStrictCleartextDetected(int uid, @utf8InCpp String hex);
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1869d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/InterfaceConfigurationParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable InterfaceConfigurationParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String ifName;
+  @utf8InCpp String hwAddr;
+  @utf8InCpp String ipv4Addr;
+  int prefixLength;
+  @utf8InCpp String[] flags;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..975a261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/IpSecMigrateInfoParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable IpSecMigrateInfoParcel {
+  int requestId;
+  int selAddrFamily;
+  int direction;
+  @utf8InCpp String oldSourceAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String oldDestinationAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String newSourceAddress;
+  @utf8InCpp String newDestinationAddress;
+  int interfaceId;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ea20d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/MarkMaskParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable MarkMaskParcel {
+  int mark;
+  int mask;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77d814b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeNetworkConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable NativeNetworkConfig {
+  int netId;
+  android.net.NativeNetworkType networkType = android.net.NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL;
+  int permission;
+  boolean secure;
+  android.net.NativeVpnType vpnType = android.net.NativeVpnType.PLATFORM;
+  boolean excludeLocalRoutes = false;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77a143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeNetworkType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum NativeNetworkType {
+  PHYSICAL = 0,
+  VIRTUAL = 1,
+  PHYSICAL_LOCAL = 2,
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a8be83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/NativeVpnType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum NativeVpnType {
+  SERVICE = 1,
+  PLATFORM = 2,
+  LEGACY = 3,
+  OEM = 4,
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ef95e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/RouteInfoParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+parcelable RouteInfoParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String destination;
+  @utf8InCpp String ifName;
+  @utf8InCpp String nextHop;
+  int mtu;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b39c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherConfigParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherConfigParcel {
+  boolean usingLegacyDnsProxy;
+  @utf8InCpp String[] dhcpRanges;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..983e986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherOffloadRuleParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherOffloadRuleParcel {
+  int inputInterfaceIndex;
+  int outputInterfaceIndex;
+  byte[] destination;
+  int prefixLength;
+  byte[] srcL2Address;
+  byte[] dstL2Address;
+  int pmtu = 1500;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1b722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/TetherStatsParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+parcelable TetherStatsParcel {
+  @utf8InCpp String iface;
+  long rxBytes;
+  long rxPackets;
+  long txBytes;
+  long txPackets;
+  int ifIndex = 0;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72e987a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/UidRangeParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable UidRangeParcel {
+  int start;
+  int stop;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bb679f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/16/android/net/netd/aidl/NativeUidRangeConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.net.netd.aidl;
+/* @hide */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable NativeUidRangeConfig {
+  int netId;
+  android.net.UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges;
+  int subPriority;
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl
index 80b3b62..8351b56 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/aidl_api/netd_aidl_interface/current/android/net/INetd.aidl
@@ -227,9 +227,21 @@
   const int PERMISSION_NONE = 0;
   const int PERMISSION_NETWORK = 1;
   const int PERMISSION_SYSTEM = 2;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
   const int NO_PERMISSIONS = 0;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
   const int PERMISSION_INTERNET = 4;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
   const int PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 8;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
+   */
   const int PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED = (-1) /* -1 */;
   /**
    * @deprecated use FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST.
diff --git a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl
index e4c63b9..be8f538 100644
--- a/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/netd/binder/android/net/INetd.aidl
@@ -933,24 +933,27 @@
    /**
     * NO_PERMISSIONS indicates that this app is installed and doesn't have either
     * PERMISSION_INTERNET or PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS.
-    * TODO: use PERMISSION_NONE to represent this case
+    * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
     */
     const int NO_PERMISSIONS = 0;
 
    /**
-    * PERMISSION_INTERNET indicates that the app can create AF_INET and AF_INET6 sockets
+    * PERMISSION_INTERNET indicates that the app can create AF_INET and AF_INET6 sockets.
+    * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
     */
     const int PERMISSION_INTERNET = 4;
 
    /**
     * PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS is used for system UIDs and privileged apps
-    * that have the UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS permission
+    * that have the UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS permission.
+    * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
     */
     const int PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 8;
 
    /**
     * PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED is used when an app is uninstalled from the device. All internet
-    * related permissions need to be cleaned
+    * related permissions need to be cleaned.
+    * @deprecated usage is internal to module.
     */
     const int PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED = -1;
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 9d1d291..f4f1ea9 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
         "net-utils-device-common-struct-base",
         "net-utils-device-common-wear",
         "net-utils-service-connectivity",
+        "truth",
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.test.runner.stubs",
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
index e456471..c444159 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
         "com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
+        "libserviceconnectivityjni",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp
index a035540..af4810f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni(JNIEnv *env,
                                                       char const *class_name);
 
 extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *vm, void *) {
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
     return JNI_ERR;
   }
 
-  if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(
-          env, "com/android/net/moduletests/util/TimerFdUtils") < 0)
+  if (register_com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni(
+          env, "com/android/net/moduletests/util/ServiceConnectivityJni") < 0)
     return JNI_ERR;
 
   return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/RealtimeSchedulerTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/RealtimeSchedulerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30b530f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/RealtimeSchedulerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util
+
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.ConditionVariable
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.Message
+import android.os.SystemClock
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
+import com.google.common.collect.Range
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class RealtimeSchedulerTest {
+
+    private val TIMEOUT_MS = 1000L
+    private val TOLERANCE_MS = 50L
+    private class TestHandler(looper: Looper) : Handler(looper) {
+        override fun handleMessage(msg: Message) {
+            val pair = msg.obj as Pair<ConditionVariable, MutableList<Long>>
+            val cv = pair.first
+            cv.open()
+            val executionTimes = pair.second
+            executionTimes.add(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime())
+        }
+    }
+    private val thread = HandlerThread(RealtimeSchedulerTest::class.simpleName).apply { start() }
+    private val handler by lazy { TestHandler(thread.looper) }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        thread.quitSafely()
+        thread.join()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMultiplePostDelayedTasks() {
+        val scheduler = RealtimeScheduler(handler)
+        tryTest {
+            val initialTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+            val executionTimes = mutableListOf<Long>()
+            val cv = ConditionVariable()
+            handler.post {
+                scheduler.postDelayed(
+                    { executionTimes.add(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - initialTimeMs) }, 0)
+                scheduler.postDelayed(
+                    { executionTimes.add(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - initialTimeMs) }, 200)
+                val toBeRemoved = Runnable {
+                    executionTimes.add(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - initialTimeMs)
+                }
+                scheduler.postDelayed(toBeRemoved, 250)
+                scheduler.removeDelayedRunnable(toBeRemoved)
+                scheduler.postDelayed(
+                    { executionTimes.add(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - initialTimeMs) }, 100)
+                scheduler.postDelayed({
+                    executionTimes.add(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - initialTimeMs)
+                    cv.open() }, 300)
+            }
+            cv.block(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertEquals(4, executionTimes.size)
+            assertThat(executionTimes[0]).isIn(Range.closed(0L, TOLERANCE_MS))
+            assertThat(executionTimes[1]).isIn(Range.closed(100L, 100 + TOLERANCE_MS))
+            assertThat(executionTimes[2]).isIn(Range.closed(200L, 200 + TOLERANCE_MS))
+            assertThat(executionTimes[3]).isIn(Range.closed(300L, 300 + TOLERANCE_MS))
+        } cleanup {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { scheduler.close() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMultipleSendDelayedMessages() {
+        val scheduler = RealtimeScheduler(handler)
+        tryTest {
+            val MSG_ID_0 = 0
+            val MSG_ID_1 = 1
+            val MSG_ID_2 = 2
+            val MSG_ID_3 = 3
+            val MSG_ID_4 = 4
+            val initialTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+            val executionTimes = mutableListOf<Long>()
+            val cv = ConditionVariable()
+            handler.post {
+                scheduler.sendDelayedMessage(
+                    Message.obtain(handler, MSG_ID_0, Pair(ConditionVariable(), executionTimes)), 0)
+                scheduler.sendDelayedMessage(
+                    Message.obtain(handler, MSG_ID_1, Pair(ConditionVariable(), executionTimes)),
+                    200)
+                scheduler.sendDelayedMessage(
+                    Message.obtain(handler, MSG_ID_4, Pair(ConditionVariable(), executionTimes)),
+                    250)
+                scheduler.removeDelayedMessage(MSG_ID_4)
+                scheduler.sendDelayedMessage(
+                    Message.obtain(handler, MSG_ID_2, Pair(ConditionVariable(), executionTimes)),
+                    100)
+                scheduler.sendDelayedMessage(
+                    Message.obtain(handler, MSG_ID_3, Pair(cv, executionTimes)),
+                    300)
+            }
+            cv.block(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertEquals(4, executionTimes.size)
+            assertThat(executionTimes[0] - initialTimeMs).isIn(Range.closed(0L, TOLERANCE_MS))
+            assertThat(executionTimes[1] - initialTimeMs)
+                .isIn(Range.closed(100L, 100 + TOLERANCE_MS))
+            assertThat(executionTimes[2] - initialTimeMs)
+                .isIn(Range.closed(200L, 200 + TOLERANCE_MS))
+            assertThat(executionTimes[3] - initialTimeMs)
+                .isIn(Range.closed(300L, 300 + TOLERANCE_MS))
+        } cleanup {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { scheduler.close() }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TerribleErrorLogTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TerribleErrorLogTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fd634e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TerribleErrorLogTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util
+
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class TerribleErrorLogTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testLogTerribleError() {
+        val wtfCaptures = mutableListOf<String>()
+        val prevHandler = Log.setWtfHandler { tag, what, system ->
+            wtfCaptures.add("$tag,${what.message}")
+        }
+        val statsLogCapture = mutableListOf<Pair<Int, Int>>()
+        val testStatsLog = object {
+            fun write(protoType: Int, errorType: Int) {
+                statsLogCapture.add(protoType to errorType)
+            }
+        }
+        tryTest {
+            TerribleErrorLog.logTerribleError(testStatsLog::write, "error", 1, 2)
+            assertContentEquals(listOf(1 to 2), statsLogCapture)
+            assertContentEquals(listOf("TerribleErrorLog,error"), wtfCaptures)
+        } cleanup {
+            Log.setWtfHandler(prevHandler)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index f5e47c9..0000000
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.net.module.util
-
-import android.os.Build
-import android.os.ConditionVariable
-import android.os.Handler
-import android.os.HandlerThread
-import android.os.Looper
-import android.os.Message
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
-import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.ITask
-import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.MessageTask
-import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.RunnableTask
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import com.android.testutils.tryTest
-import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
-import org.junit.After
-import org.junit.Test
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import java.time.Duration
-import java.time.Instant
-import kotlin.test.assertFalse
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
-
-private const val MSG_TEST = 1
-
-@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@SmallTest
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class TimerFileDescriptorTest {
-    private class TestHandler(looper: Looper) : Handler(looper) {
-        override fun handleMessage(msg: Message) {
-            val cv = msg.obj as ConditionVariable
-            cv.open()
-        }
-    }
-    private val thread = HandlerThread(TimerFileDescriptorTest::class.simpleName).apply { start() }
-    private val handler by lazy { TestHandler(thread.looper) }
-
-    @After
-    fun tearDown() {
-        thread.quitSafely()
-        thread.join()
-    }
-
-    private fun assertDelayedTaskPost(
-            timerFd: TimerFileDescriptor,
-            task: ITask,
-            cv: ConditionVariable
-    ) {
-        val delayTime = 10L
-        val startTime1 = Instant.now()
-        handler.post { timerFd.setDelayedTask(task, delayTime) }
-        assertTrue(cv.block(100L /* timeoutMs*/))
-        assertTrue(Duration.between(startTime1, Instant.now()).toMillis() >= delayTime)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testSetDelayedTask() {
-        val timerFd = TimerFileDescriptor(handler)
-        tryTest {
-            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the self-implemented ITask
-            val cv1 = ConditionVariable()
-            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, { cv1.open() }, cv1)
-
-            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the RunnableTask
-            val cv2 = ConditionVariable()
-            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, RunnableTask{ cv2.open() }, cv2)
-
-            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the MessageTask
-            val cv3 = ConditionVariable()
-            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, MessageTask(handler.obtainMessage(MSG_TEST, cv3)), cv3)
-        } cleanup {
-            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { timerFd.close() }
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testCancelTask() {
-        // The task is posted and canceled within the same handler loop, so the short delay used
-        // here won't cause flakes.
-        val delayTime = 10L
-        val timerFd = TimerFileDescriptor(handler)
-        val cv = ConditionVariable()
-        tryTest {
-            handler.post {
-                timerFd.setDelayedTask({ cv.open() }, delayTime)
-                assertTrue(timerFd.hasDelayedTask())
-                timerFd.cancelTask()
-                assertFalse(timerFd.hasDelayedTask())
-            }
-            assertFalse(cv.block(20L /* timeoutMs*/))
-        } cleanup {
-            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { timerFd.close() }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java
index 8104e3a..b29fc73 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testCreateSetInterfaceFlagsMessage() {
         final String expectedHexBytes =
-                "20000000100001006824000000000000"    // struct nlmsghdr
+                "20000000100005006824000000000000"    // struct nlmsghdr
                         + "00000000080000000100000001000100"; // struct ifinfomsg
         final String interfaceName = "wlan0";
         final int interfaceIndex = 8;
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
index 86aa8f1..ec486fb 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
     libs: ["tradefed"],
     test_suites: [
         "ats",
+        "automotive-general-tests",
         "device-tests",
         "general-tests",
         "cts",
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
index 8e27c62..c42d9e5 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
-import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
 import android.net.Network
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@
     // Skip IPv6 checks on virtual devices which do not support it. Tests that require IPv6 will
     // still fail even if the preparer does not.
     private fun ipv6Unsupported(wifiSsid: String?) = ConnectUtil.VIRTUAL_SSIDS.contains(
-        WifiInfo.sanitizeSsid(wifiSsid))
+        WifiInfo.sanitizeSsid(wifiSsid)
+    )
 
     @Test
     fun testCheckWifiSetup() {
@@ -89,13 +90,25 @@
                 pos = 0,
                 timeoutMs = 30_000L
             ) {
-                it is LinkPropertiesChanged &&
-                it.network == network &&
-                it.lp.allLinkAddresses.any(LinkAddress::isIpv4) &&
-                        (ipv6Unsupported(ssid) || it.lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address())
+                if (it !is LinkPropertiesChanged || it.network != network) {
+                    false
+                } else {
+                    // Same check as used by DnsResolver for AI_ADDRCONFIG (have_ipv4)
+                    val ipv4Reachable = it.lp.isReachable(parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8"))
+                    // Same check as used by DnsResolver for AI_ADDRCONFIG (have_ipv6)
+                    val ipv6Reachable = it.lp.isReachable(parseNumericAddress("2000::"))
+                    ipv4Reachable && (ipv6Unsupported(ssid) || ipv6Reachable)
+                }
             }
-            assertNotNull(lpChange, "Wifi network $network needs an IPv4 address" +
-                    if (ipv6Unsupported(ssid)) "" else " and a global IPv6 address")
+            assertNotNull(
+                lpChange,
+                "Wifi network $network needs an IPv4 address and default route" +
+                        if (ipv6Unsupported(ssid)) {
+                            ""
+                        } else {
+                            " and a global IPv6 address and default route"
+                        }
+            )
 
             Pair(network, ssid)
         }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/CarrierConfigRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/CarrierConfigRule.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0de79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/CarrierConfigRule.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE
+import android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.IntentFilter
+import android.os.ConditionVariable
+import android.os.PersistableBundle
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SUBSCRIPTION_INDEX
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastU
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule
+import org.junit.runner.Description
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement
+
+private val TAG = CarrierConfigRule::class.simpleName
+private const val CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
+
+/**
+ * A [TestRule] that helps set [CarrierConfigManager] overrides for tests and clean up the test
+ * configuration automatically on teardown.
+ */
+class CarrierConfigRule : TestRule {
+    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val ccm by lazy { context.getSystemService(CarrierConfigManager::class.java) }
+
+    // Map of (subId) -> (original values of overridden settings)
+    private val originalConfigs = mutableMapOf<Int, PersistableBundle>()
+
+    override fun apply(base: Statement, description: Description): Statement {
+        return CarrierConfigStatement(base, description)
+    }
+
+    private inner class CarrierConfigStatement(
+        private val base: Statement,
+        private val description: Description
+    ) : Statement() {
+        override fun evaluate() {
+            tryTest {
+                base.evaluate()
+            } cleanup {
+                cleanUpNow()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ConfigChangeReceiver(private val subId: Int) : BroadcastReceiver() {
+        val cv = ConditionVariable()
+        override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
+            if (intent.action != ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED ||
+                intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_SUBSCRIPTION_INDEX, -1) != subId) {
+                return
+            }
+            // This may race with other config changes for the same subId, but there is no way to
+            // know which update is being reported, and querying the override would return the
+            // latest values even before the config is applied. Config changes should be rare, so it
+            // is unlikely they would happen exactly after the override applied here and cause
+            // flakes.
+            cv.open()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun overrideConfigAndWait(subId: Int, config: PersistableBundle) {
+        val changeReceiver = ConfigChangeReceiver(subId)
+        context.registerReceiver(changeReceiver, IntentFilter(ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED))
+        ccm.overrideConfig(subId, config)
+        assertTrue(
+            changeReceiver.cv.block(CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_MS),
+            "Timed out waiting for config change for subId $subId"
+        )
+        context.unregisterReceiver(changeReceiver)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add carrier config overrides with the specified configuration.
+     *
+     * The overrides will automatically be cleaned up when the test case finishes.
+     */
+    fun addConfigOverrides(subId: Int, config: PersistableBundle) {
+        val originalConfig = originalConfigs.computeIfAbsent(subId) { PersistableBundle() }
+        val overrideKeys = config.keySet()
+        val previousValues = runAsShell(READ_PHONE_STATE) {
+            ccm.getConfigForSubIdCompat(subId, overrideKeys)
+        }
+        // If a key is already in the originalConfig, keep the oldest original overrides
+        originalConfig.keySet().forEach {
+            previousValues.remove(it)
+        }
+        originalConfig.putAll(previousValues)
+
+        runAsShell(MODIFY_PHONE_STATE) {
+            overrideConfigAndWait(subId, config)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cleanup overrides that were added by the test case.
+     *
+     * This will be called automatically on test teardown, so it does not need to be called by the
+     * test case unless cleaning up earlier is required.
+     */
+    fun cleanUpNow() {
+        runAsShell(MODIFY_PHONE_STATE) {
+            originalConfigs.forEach { (subId, config) ->
+                try {
+                    // Do not use null as the config to reset, as it would reset configs that may
+                    // have been set by target preparers such as
+                    // ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer / CarrierConfigSetupTest.
+                    overrideConfigAndWait(subId, config)
+                } catch (e: Throwable) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Error resetting carrier config for subId $subId")
+                }
+            }
+            originalConfigs.clear()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+private fun CarrierConfigManager.getConfigForSubIdCompat(
+    subId: Int,
+    keys: Set<String>
+): PersistableBundle {
+    return if (isAtLeastU()) {
+        // This method is U+
+        getConfigForSubId(subId, *keys.toTypedArray())
+    } else {
+        @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+        val config = assertNotNull(getConfigForSubId(subId))
+        val allKeys = config.keySet().toList()
+        allKeys.forEach {
+            if (!keys.contains(it)) {
+                config.remove(it)
+            }
+        }
+        config
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
index 0624e5f..c7d6850 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
@@ -168,7 +168,8 @@
                     .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                     .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
                     .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                    .build(), networkCallback
+                    .build(),
+                networkCallback
             )
         }
     }
@@ -184,9 +185,12 @@
         // when iterating on failing tests.
         if (!runOnFailure(failure.exception)) return
         if (outputFiles.size >= MAX_DUMPS) return
-        Log.i(TAG, "Collecting diagnostics for test failure. Disable by running tests with: " +
+        Log.i(
+            TAG,
+            "Collecting diagnostics for test failure. Disable by running tests with: " +
                 "atest MyModule -- " +
-                "--module-arg MyModule:instrumentation-arg:$ARG_RUN_ON_FAILURE:=false")
+                "--module-arg MyModule:instrumentation-arg:$ARG_RUN_ON_FAILURE:=false"
+        )
         collectTestFailureDiagnostics(failure.exception)
 
         val baseFilename = "${description.className}#${description.methodName}_failure"
@@ -326,8 +330,11 @@
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            Log.w(TAG, "The test is still holding shell permissions, cannot collect privileged " +
-                    "device info")
+            Log.w(
+                TAG,
+                "The test is still holding shell permissions, cannot collect privileged " +
+                    "device info"
+            )
             headerObj.put("shellPermissionsUnavailable", true)
         }
         failureHeader = headerObj.apply {
@@ -379,7 +386,9 @@
         cbHelper.registerNetworkCallback(
             NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build(), cb)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build(),
+            cb
+        )
         return try {
             cb.wifiInfoFuture.get(1L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
         } catch (e: TimeoutException) {
@@ -410,15 +419,29 @@
      * @param exceptionContext An exception to write a stacktrace to the dump for context.
      */
     fun collectDumpsysConnectivity(exceptionContext: Throwable? = null) {
-        Log.i(TAG, "Collecting dumpsys connectivity for test artifacts")
+        collectDumpsys("connectivity --dump-priority HIGH", exceptionContext)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a dumpsys to the test data dump.
+     *
+     * <p>The dump will be collected immediately, and exported to a test artifact file when the
+     * test ends.
+     * @param dumpsysCmd The dumpsys command to run (for example "connectivity").
+     * @param exceptionContext An exception to write a stacktrace to the dump for context.
+     */
+    fun collectDumpsys(dumpsysCmd: String, exceptionContext: Throwable? = null) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Collecting dumpsys $dumpsysCmd for test artifacts")
         PrintWriter(buffer).let {
-            it.println("--- Dumpsys connectivity at ${ZonedDateTime.now()} ---")
+            it.println("--- Dumpsys $dumpsysCmd at ${ZonedDateTime.now()} ---")
             maybeWriteExceptionContext(it, exceptionContext)
             it.flush()
         }
         ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(
             InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().uiAutomation.executeShellCommand(
-                "dumpsys connectivity --dump-priority HIGH")).use {
+                "dumpsys $dumpsysCmd"
+            )
+        ).use {
             it.copyTo(buffer)
         }
     }
@@ -437,4 +460,4 @@
         writer.println("At: ")
         exceptionContext.printStackTrace(writer)
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkAgent.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkAgent.kt
index 8dc1bc4..bfbbc34 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkAgent.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkAgent.kt
@@ -14,19 +14,34 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.testutils;
+package com.android.testutils
 
 import android.content.Context
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
 import android.net.KeepalivePacketData
+import android.net.LinkAddress
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.NetworkAgent
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
 import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.QosFilter
 import android.net.Uri
 import android.os.Looper
+import android.system.ErrnoException
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants
+import android.system.OsConstants.EADDRNOTAVAIL
+import android.system.OsConstants.ENETUNREACH
+import android.system.OsConstants.ENONET
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAddKeepalivePacketFilter
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAutomaticReconnectDisabled
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnBandwidthUpdateRequested
@@ -42,6 +57,8 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnStopSocketKeepalive
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnUnregisterQosCallback
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnValidationStatus
+import java.net.NetworkInterface
+import java.net.SocketException
 import java.time.Duration
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
@@ -65,6 +82,92 @@
     conf: NetworkAgentConfig
 ) : NetworkAgent(context, looper, TestableNetworkAgent::class.java.simpleName /* tag */,
         nc, lp, TEST_NETWORK_SCORE, conf, Provider(context, looper)) {
+    companion object {
+
+        /**
+         * Convenience method to create a [NetworkRequest] matching [TestableNetworkAgent]s from
+         * [createOnInterface].
+         */
+        fun makeNetworkRequestForInterface(ifaceName: String) = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+            .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+            .setNetworkSpecifier(makeTestNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName))
+            .build()
+
+        /**
+         * Convenience method to initialize a [TestableNetworkAgent] on a given interface.
+         *
+         * This waits for link-local addresses to be setup and ensures LinkProperties are updated
+         * with the addresses.
+         */
+        fun createOnInterface(
+            context: Context,
+            looper: Looper,
+            ifaceName: String,
+            timeoutMs: Long
+        ): TestableNetworkAgent {
+            val lp = LinkProperties().apply {
+                interfaceName = ifaceName
+            }
+            val agent = TestableNetworkAgent(
+                context,
+                looper,
+                NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+                    removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                    addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                    setNetworkSpecifier(makeTestNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName))
+                },
+                lp,
+                NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
+            )
+            val network = agent.register()
+            agent.markConnected()
+            if (isAtLeastS()) {
+                // OnNetworkCreated was added in S
+                agent.eventuallyExpect<OnNetworkCreated>()
+            }
+
+            // Wait until the link-local address can be used. Address flags are not available
+            // without elevated permissions, so check that bindSocket works.
+            assertEventuallyTrue("No usable v6 address after $timeoutMs ms", timeoutMs) {
+                // To avoid race condition between socket connection succeeding and interface
+                // returning a non-empty address list. Verify that interface returns a non-empty
+                // list, before trying the socket connection.
+                if (NetworkInterface.getByName(ifaceName).interfaceAddresses.isEmpty()) {
+                    return@assertEventuallyTrue false
+                }
+
+                val sock = Os.socket(OsConstants.AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
+                tryTest {
+                    network.bindSocket(sock)
+                    Os.connect(sock, parseNumericAddress("ff02::fb%$ifaceName"), 12345)
+                    true
+                }.catch<ErrnoException> {
+                    if (it.errno != ENETUNREACH && it.errno != EADDRNOTAVAIL) {
+                        throw it
+                    }
+                    false
+                }.catch<SocketException> {
+                    // OnNetworkCreated does not exist on R, so a SocketException caused by ENONET
+                    // may be seen before the network is created
+                    if (isAtLeastS()) throw it
+                    val cause = it.cause as? ErrnoException ?: throw it
+                    if (cause.errno != ENONET) {
+                        throw it
+                    }
+                    false
+                } cleanup {
+                    Os.close(sock)
+                }
+            }
+
+            agent.lp.setLinkAddresses(NetworkInterface.getByName(ifaceName).interfaceAddresses.map {
+                LinkAddress(it.address, it.networkPrefixLength.toInt())
+            })
+            agent.sendLinkProperties(agent.lp)
+            return agent
+        }
+    }
 
     val DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000L
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringTest.java
index ad98a29..ac60b0f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringTest.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.TetheringInterface;
 import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiSsid;
 
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
 public class TetheringTest {
     private CtsTetheringUtils mCtsTetheringUtils;
     private TetheringHelperClient mTetheringHelperClient;
+    private TestTetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -44,11 +46,14 @@
         mCtsTetheringUtils = new CtsTetheringUtils(targetContext);
         mTetheringHelperClient = new TetheringHelperClient(targetContext);
         mTetheringHelperClient.bind();
+        mTetheringEventCallback = mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
     }
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         mTetheringHelperClient.unbind();
+        mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(mTetheringEventCallback);
+        mCtsTetheringUtils.stopAllTethering();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -57,24 +62,20 @@
      */
     @Test
     public void testSoftApConfigurationRedactedForOtherUids() throws Exception {
-        final CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
-                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+        mTetheringEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(
+                getInstrumentation().getTargetContext());
         SoftApConfiguration softApConfig = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
                 .setWifiSsid(WifiSsid.fromBytes("This is an SSID!"
                         .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))).build();
         final TetheringInterface tetheringInterface =
-                mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback, softApConfig);
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(mTetheringEventCallback, softApConfig);
         assertNotNull(tetheringInterface);
         assertEquals(softApConfig, tetheringInterface.getSoftApConfiguration());
-        try {
-            TetheringInterface tetheringInterfaceForApp2 =
-                    mTetheringHelperClient.getTetheredWifiInterface();
-            assertNotNull(tetheringInterfaceForApp2);
-            assertNull(tetheringInterfaceForApp2.getSoftApConfiguration());
-            assertEquals(
-                    tetheringInterface.getInterface(), tetheringInterfaceForApp2.getInterface());
-        } finally {
-            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
-        }
+        TetheringInterface tetheringInterfaceForApp2 =
+                mTetheringHelperClient.getTetheredWifiInterface();
+        assertNotNull(tetheringInterfaceForApp2);
+        assertNull(tetheringInterfaceForApp2.getSoftApConfiguration());
+        assertEquals(
+                tetheringInterface.getInterface(), tetheringInterfaceForApp2.getInterface());
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
index 949be85..a082a95 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
     main: "run_tests.py",
     srcs: [
         "apfv4_test.py",
+        "apfv6_test.py",
         "connectivity_multi_devices_test.py",
         "run_tests.py",
     ],
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/apfv4_test.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/apfv4_test.py
index 7795be5..aa535fd 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/apfv4_test.py
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/apfv4_test.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
   )  # Declare inputs for state_str and expected_result.
   def test_apf_drop_ethertype_not_allowed(self, blocked_ether_type):
     # Ethernet header (14 bytes).
-    packet = ETHER_BROADCAST_ADDR  # Destination MAC (broadcast)
+    packet = self.client_mac_address.replace(":", "")  # Destination MAC
     packet += self.server_mac_address.replace(":", "")  # Source MAC
     packet += blocked_ether_type
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/apfv6_test.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/apfv6_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc732d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/apfv6_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+from mobly import asserts
+from net_tests_utils.host.python import apf_test_base, apf_utils, adb_utils, assert_utils, packet_utils
+
+APFV6_VERSION = 6000
+ARP_OFFLOAD_REPLY_LEN = 60
+
+class ApfV6Test(apf_test_base.ApfTestBase):
+    def setup_class(self):
+        super().setup_class()
+
+        # Skip tests for APF version < 6000
+        apf_utils.assume_apf_version_support_at_least(
+            self.clientDevice, self.client_iface_name, APFV6_VERSION
+        )
+
+    def teardown_class(self):
+        # force to stop capture on the server device if any test case failed
+        try:
+            apf_utils.stop_capture_packets(self.serverDevice, self.server_iface_name)
+        except assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError:
+            pass
+        super().teardown_class()
+
+    def test_unicast_arp_request_offload(self):
+        arp_request = packet_utils.construct_arp_packet(
+            src_mac=self.server_mac_address,
+            dst_mac=self.client_mac_address,
+            src_ip=self.server_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            dst_ip=self.client_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            op=packet_utils.ARP_REQUEST_OP
+        )
+
+        arp_reply = packet_utils.construct_arp_packet(
+            src_mac=self.client_mac_address,
+            dst_mac=self.server_mac_address,
+            src_ip=self.client_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            dst_ip=self.server_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            op=packet_utils.ARP_REPLY_OP
+        )
+
+        # Add zero padding up to 60 bytes, since APFv6 ARP offload always sent out 60 bytes reply
+        arp_reply = arp_reply.ljust(ARP_OFFLOAD_REPLY_LEN * 2, "0")
+
+        self.send_packet_and_expect_reply_received(
+            arp_request, "DROPPED_ARP_REQUEST_REPLIED", arp_reply
+        )
+
+    def test_broadcast_arp_request_offload(self):
+        arp_request = packet_utils.construct_arp_packet(
+            src_mac=self.server_mac_address,
+            dst_mac=packet_utils.ETHER_BROADCAST_MAC_ADDRESS,
+            src_ip=self.server_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            dst_ip=self.client_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            op=packet_utils.ARP_REQUEST_OP
+        )
+
+        arp_reply = packet_utils.construct_arp_packet(
+            src_mac=self.client_mac_address,
+            dst_mac=self.server_mac_address,
+            src_ip=self.client_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            dst_ip=self.server_ipv4_addresses[0],
+            op=packet_utils.ARP_REPLY_OP
+        )
+
+        # Add zero padding up to 60 bytes, since APFv6 ARP offload always sent out 60 bytes reply
+        arp_reply = arp_reply.ljust(ARP_OFFLOAD_REPLY_LEN * 2, "0")
+
+        self.send_packet_and_expect_reply_received(
+            arp_request, "DROPPED_ARP_REQUEST_REPLIED", arp_reply
+        )
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/run_tests.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/run_tests.py
index 1391d13..a0d0bec 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/run_tests.py
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/run_tests.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import sys
 from apfv4_test import ApfV4Test
+from apfv6_test import ApfV6Test
 from connectivity_multi_devices_test import ConnectivityMultiDevicesTest
 from mobly import suite_runner
 
@@ -35,4 +36,4 @@
     index = sys.argv.index("--")
     sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + sys.argv[index + 1 :]
   # TODO: make the tests can be executed without manually list classes.
-  suite_runner.run_suite([ConnectivityMultiDevicesTest, ApfV4Test], sys.argv)
+  suite_runner.run_suite([ConnectivityMultiDevicesTest, ApfV4Test, ApfV6Test], sys.argv)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
index a9ac29c..1ba581a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
         "NetworkStackApiCurrentShims",
     ],
     test_suites: [
+        "automotive-general-tests",
         "cts",
         "mts-tethering",
         "mcts-tethering",
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
+        "automotive-general-tests",
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
     ],
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
index 320622b..9379697 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 
 import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG
 import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_LEANBACK
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.Network
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET
 import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker
-import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING
+import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.DROPPED_IPV6_NS_REPLIED_NON_DAD
 import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.FILTER_AGE_16384THS
 import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.PASSED_IPV6_ICMP
 import android.net.apf.ApfV4Generator
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.PowerManager
 import android.os.UserManager
+import android.os.SystemProperties
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY
@@ -60,6 +61,8 @@
 import android.system.OsConstants
 import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
 import android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6
+import android.system.OsConstants.ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY
+import android.system.OsConstants.ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6
 import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
 import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK
@@ -104,6 +107,7 @@
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.AfterClass
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.BeforeClass
 import org.junit.Rule
@@ -170,8 +174,8 @@
         private fun isAutomotiveWithVisibleBackgroundUser(): Boolean {
             val packageManager = context.getPackageManager()
             val userManager = context.getSystemService(UserManager::class.java)!!
-            return (packageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)
-                    && userManager.isVisibleBackgroundUsersSupported)
+            return (packageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE) &&
+                    userManager.isVisibleBackgroundUsersSupported)
         }
 
         @BeforeClass
@@ -211,8 +215,13 @@
             handler: Handler,
             private val network: Network
     ) : PacketReader(handler, RCV_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        private data class PingContext(
+            val futureReply: CompletableFuture<List<ByteArray>>,
+            val expectReplyCount: Int,
+            val replyPayloads: MutableList<ByteArray> = mutableListOf()
+        )
         private var sockFd: FileDescriptor? = null
-        private var futureReply: CompletableFuture<ByteArray>? = null
+        private var pingContext: PingContext? = null
 
         override fun createFd(): FileDescriptor {
             // sockFd is closed by calling super.stop()
@@ -224,6 +233,8 @@
         }
 
         override fun handlePacket(recvbuf: ByteArray, length: Int) {
+            val context = pingContext ?: return
+
             // If zero-length or Type is not echo reply: ignore.
             if (length == 0 || recvbuf[0] != 0x81.toByte()) {
                 return
@@ -231,10 +242,14 @@
             // Only copy the ping data and complete the future.
             val result = recvbuf.sliceArray(8..<length)
             Log.i(TAG, "Received ping reply: ${result.toHexString()}")
-            futureReply!!.complete(recvbuf.sliceArray(8..<length))
+            context.replyPayloads.add(recvbuf.sliceArray(8..<length))
+            if (context.replyPayloads.size == context.expectReplyCount) {
+                context.futureReply.complete(context.replyPayloads)
+                pingContext = null
+            }
         }
 
-        fun sendPing(data: ByteArray, payloadSize: Int) {
+        fun sendPing(data: ByteArray, payloadSize: Int, expectReplyCount: Int = 1) {
             require(data.size == payloadSize)
 
             // rfc4443#section-4.1: Echo Request Message
@@ -250,17 +265,20 @@
             val icmp6Header = byteArrayOf(0x80.toByte(), 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
             val packet = icmp6Header + data
             Log.i(TAG, "Sent ping: ${packet.toHexString()}")
-            futureReply = CompletableFuture<ByteArray>()
+            pingContext = PingContext(
+                futureReply = CompletableFuture<List<ByteArray>>(),
+                expectReplyCount = expectReplyCount
+            )
             Os.sendto(sockFd!!, packet, 0, packet.size, 0, PING_DESTINATION)
         }
 
-        fun expectPingReply(timeoutMs: Long = TIMEOUT_MS): ByteArray {
-            return futureReply!!.get(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+        fun expectPingReply(timeoutMs: Long = TIMEOUT_MS): List<ByteArray> {
+            return pingContext!!.futureReply.get(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
         }
 
         fun expectPingDropped() {
             assertFailsWith(TimeoutException::class) {
-                futureReply!!.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                pingContext!!.futureReply.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
             }
         }
 
@@ -299,10 +317,23 @@
         return ApfCapabilities(version, maxLen, packetFormat)
     }
 
+    private fun isTvDeviceSupportFullNetworkingUnder2w(): Boolean {
+        return (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_LEANBACK) &&
+            pm.hasSystemFeature("com.google.android.tv.full_networking_under_2w"))
+    }
+
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         assume().that(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)).isTrue()
 
+        // Based on GTVS-16, Android Packet Filtering (APF) is OPTIONAL for devices that fully
+        // process all network packets on CPU at all times, even in standby, while meeting
+        // the <= 2W standby power demand requirement.
+        assumeFalse(
+            "Skipping test: TV device process full networking on CPU under 2W",
+            isTvDeviceSupportFullNetworkingUnder2w()
+        )
+
         networkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
         cm.requestNetwork(
                 NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -349,10 +380,8 @@
     @Test
     fun testApfCapabilities() {
         // APF became mandatory in Android 14 VSR.
-        assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
-
-        // ApfFilter does not support anything but ARPHRD_ETHER.
-        assertThat(caps.apfPacketFormat).isEqualTo(OsConstants.ARPHRD_ETHER)
+        val vsrApiLevel = getVsrApiLevel()
+        assume().that(vsrApiLevel).isAtLeast(34)
 
         // DEVICEs launching with Android 14 with CHIPSETs that set ro.board.first_api_level to 34:
         // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-003] MUST return 4 or higher as the APF version number from calls to
@@ -372,9 +401,22 @@
         // ro.board.first_api_level or ro.board.api_level to 202404 or higher:
         // - [GMS-VSR-5.3.12-009] MUST indicate at least 2048 bytes of usable memory from calls to
         //   the getApfPacketFilterCapabilities HAL method.
-        if (getVsrApiLevel() >= 202404) {
+        if (vsrApiLevel >= 202404) {
             assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(2048)
         }
+
+        // CHIPSETs (or DEVICES with CHIPSETs) that set ro.board.first_api_level or
+        // ro.board.api_level to 202504 or higher:
+        // - [VSR-5.3.12-018] MUST implement version 6 of the Android Packet Filtering (APF)
+        //   interpreter in the Wi-Fi firmware.
+        // - [VSR-5.3.12-019] MUST provide at least 4000 bytes of APF RAM.
+        if (vsrApiLevel >= 202504) {
+            assertThat(caps.apfVersionSupported).isEqualTo(6000)
+            assertThat(caps.maximumApfProgramSize).isAtLeast(4000)
+        }
+
+        // ApfFilter does not support anything but ARPHRD_ETHER.
+        assertThat(caps.apfPacketFormat).isEqualTo(OsConstants.ARPHRD_ETHER)
     }
 
     // APF is backwards compatible, i.e. a v6 interpreter supports both v2 and v4 functionality.
@@ -382,6 +424,10 @@
         assume().that(caps.apfVersionSupported).isAtLeast(version)
     }
 
+    fun assumeNotCuttlefish() {
+        assume().that(SystemProperties.get("ro.product.board", "")).isNotEqualTo("cutf")
+    }
+
     fun installProgram(bytes: ByteArray) {
         val prog = bytes.toHexString()
         val result = runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd network_stack apf $ifname install $prog").trim()
@@ -465,6 +511,7 @@
         // should be turned on.
         assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+        assumeNotCuttlefish()
 
         // clear any active APF filter
         clearApfMemory()
@@ -478,7 +525,7 @@
         }
         val data = ByteArray(payloadSize).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
         packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
-        assertThat(packetReader.expectPingReply()).isEqualTo(data)
+        assertThat(packetReader.expectPingReply()[0]).isEqualTo(data)
 
         // Generate an APF program that drops the next ping
         val gen = ApfV4Generator(
@@ -517,6 +564,7 @@
         assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
         // Test v4 memory slots on both v4 and v6 interpreters.
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+        assumeNotCuttlefish()
         clearApfMemory()
         val gen = ApfV4Generator(
                 caps.apfVersionSupported,
@@ -575,6 +623,7 @@
         // should be turned on.
         assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
+        assumeNotCuttlefish()
         clearApfMemory()
         val gen = ApfV4Generator(
                 caps.apfVersionSupported,
@@ -617,6 +666,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testFilterAge16384thsIncreasesBetweenPackets() {
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(6000)
+        assumeNotCuttlefish()
         clearApfMemory()
         val gen = ApfV6Generator(
                 caps.apfVersionSupported,
@@ -666,6 +716,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testReplyPing() {
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(6000)
+        assumeNotCuttlefish()
         installProgram(ByteArray(caps.maximumApfProgramSize) { 0 }) // Clear previous program
         readProgram() // Ensure installation is complete
 
@@ -690,69 +741,80 @@
         //     increase PASSED_IPV6_ICMP counter
         //     pass
         //   else
-        //     transmit a ICMPv6 echo request packet with the first byte of the payload in the reply
-        //     increase DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING counter
+        //     transmit 3 ICMPv6 echo requests with random first byte
+        //     increase DROPPED_IPV6_NS_REPLIED_NON_DAD counter
         //     drop
-        val program = gen
-                .addLoad16(R0, ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET)
+        gen.addLoad16(R0, ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET)
                 .addJumpIfR0NotEquals(ETH_P_IPV6.toLong(), skipPacketLabel)
                 .addLoad8(R0, IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET)
                 .addJumpIfR0NotEquals(IPPROTO_ICMPV6.toLong(), skipPacketLabel)
                 .addLoad8(R0, ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET)
-                .addJumpIfR0NotEquals(0x81, skipPacketLabel) // Echo reply type
+                .addJumpIfR0NotEquals(ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY.toLong(), skipPacketLabel)
                 .addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.PACKET_SIZE)
                 .addCountAndPassIfR0Equals(
-                        (ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + PING_HEADER_LENGTH + firstByte.size)
-                                .toLong(),
-                        PASSED_IPV6_ICMP
+                    (ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + PING_HEADER_LENGTH + firstByte.size)
+                        .toLong(),
+                    PASSED_IPV6_ICMP
                 )
-                // Ping Packet Generation
-                .addAllocate(pingRequestPktLen)
-                // Eth header
-                .addPacketCopy(ETHER_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, ETHER_ADDR_LEN) // dst MAC address
-                .addPacketCopy(ETHER_DST_ADDR_OFFSET, ETHER_ADDR_LEN) // src MAC address
-                .addWriteU16(ETH_P_IPV6) // IPv6 type
-                // IPv6 Header
-                .addWrite32(0x60000000) // IPv6 Header: version, traffic class, flowlabel
-                // payload length (2 bytes) | next header: ICMPv6 (1 byte) | hop limit (1 byte)
-                .addWrite32(pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen shl 16 or (IPPROTO_ICMPV6 shl 8 or 64))
-                .addPacketCopy(IPV6_DEST_ADDR_OFFSET, IPV6_ADDR_LEN) // src ip
-                .addPacketCopy(IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, IPV6_ADDR_LEN) // dst ip
-                // ICMPv6
-                .addWriteU8(0x80) // type: echo request
-                .addWriteU8(0) // code
-                .addWriteU16(pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen) // checksum
-                // identifier
-                .addPacketCopy(ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + ICMPV6_HEADER_MIN_LEN, 2)
-                .addWriteU16(0) // sequence number
-                .addDataCopy(firstByte) // data
-                .addTransmitL4(
+
+        val numOfPacketToTransmit = 3
+        val expectReplyPayloads = (0 until numOfPacketToTransmit).map { Random.nextBytes(1) }
+        expectReplyPayloads.forEach { replyPingPayload ->
+            // Ping Packet Generation
+            gen.addAllocate(pingRequestPktLen)
+                    // Eth header
+                    .addPacketCopy(ETHER_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, ETHER_ADDR_LEN) // dst MAC address
+                    .addPacketCopy(ETHER_DST_ADDR_OFFSET, ETHER_ADDR_LEN) // src MAC address
+                    .addWriteU16(ETH_P_IPV6) // IPv6 type
+                    // IPv6 Header
+                    .addWrite32(0x60000000) // IPv6 Header: version, traffic class, flowlabel
+                    // payload length (2 bytes) | next header: ICMPv6 (1 byte) | hop limit (1 byte)
+                    .addWrite32(pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen shl 16 or (IPPROTO_ICMPV6 shl 8 or 64))
+                    .addPacketCopy(IPV6_DEST_ADDR_OFFSET, IPV6_ADDR_LEN) // src ip
+                    .addPacketCopy(IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, IPV6_ADDR_LEN) // dst ip
+                    // ICMPv6
+                    .addWriteU8(ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST)
+                    .addWriteU8(0) // code
+                    .addWriteU16(pingRequestIpv6PayloadLen) // checksum
+                    // identifier
+                    .addPacketCopy(ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + ICMPV6_HEADER_MIN_LEN, 2)
+                    .addWriteU16(0) // sequence number
+                    .addDataCopy(replyPingPayload) // data
+                    .addTransmitL4(
                         ETHER_HEADER_LEN, // ip_ofs
                         ICMP6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, // csum_ofs
                         IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET, // csum_start
                         IPPROTO_ICMPV6, // partial_sum
                         false // udp
-                )
-                // Warning: the program abuse DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING for debugging purpose
-                .addCountAndDrop(DROPPED_IPV6_MULTICAST_PING)
-                .defineLabel(skipPacketLabel)
-                .addPass()
-                .generate()
+                    )
+        }
 
+        // Warning: the program abuse DROPPED_IPV6_NS_REPLIED_NON_DAD for debugging purpose
+        gen.addCountAndDrop(DROPPED_IPV6_NS_REPLIED_NON_DAD)
+            .defineLabel(skipPacketLabel)
+            .addPass()
+
+        val program = gen.generate()
         installAndVerifyProgram(program)
 
-        packetReader.sendPing(payload, payloadSize)
-
-        val replyPayload = try {
+        packetReader.sendPing(payload, payloadSize, expectReplyCount = numOfPacketToTransmit)
+        val replyPayloads = try {
             packetReader.expectPingReply(TIMEOUT_MS * 2)
         } catch (e: TimeoutException) {
-            byteArrayOf() // Empty payload if timeout occurs
+            emptyList()
         }
 
         val apfCounterTracker = ApfCounterTracker()
         apfCounterTracker.updateCountersFromData(readProgram())
         Log.i(TAG, "counter map: ${apfCounterTracker.counters}")
 
-        assertThat(replyPayload).isEqualTo(firstByte)
+        assertThat(replyPayloads.size).isEqualTo(expectReplyPayloads.size)
+
+        // Sort the payload list before comparison to ensure consistency.
+        val sortedReplyPayloads = replyPayloads.sortedBy { it[0] }
+        val sortedExpectReplyPayloads = expectReplyPayloads.sortedBy { it[0] }
+        for (i in sortedReplyPayloads.indices) {
+            assertThat(sortedReplyPayloads[i]).isEqualTo(sortedExpectReplyPayloads[i])
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
index ceb48d4..faaadee 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -88,9 +88,11 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.CarrierConfigRule;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -110,6 +112,9 @@
 public class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest {
     private static final String TAG = ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
 
+    @Rule
+    public final CarrierConfigRule mCarrierConfigRule = new CarrierConfigRule();
+
     private static final int CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 5000;
     private static final int NO_CALLBACK_INVOKED_TIMEOUT = 500;
     private static final long TIMESTAMP = 123456789L;
@@ -264,9 +269,6 @@
             doBroadcastCarrierConfigsAndVerifyOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
                     subId, carrierConfigReceiver, testNetworkCallback);
         }, () -> {
-                runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
-                    () -> mCarrierConfigManager.overrideConfig(subId, null),
-                    android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE);
             mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(testNetworkCallback);
             mContext.unregisterReceiver(carrierConfigReceiver);
             });
@@ -291,9 +293,9 @@
                 CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CERTIFICATE_STRING_ARRAY,
                 new String[] {getCertHashForThisPackage()});
 
+        mCarrierConfigRule.addConfigOverrides(subId, carrierConfigs);
         runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
                 () -> {
-                    mCarrierConfigManager.overrideConfig(subId, carrierConfigs);
                     mCarrierConfigManager.notifyConfigChangedForSubId(subId);
                 },
                 android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 9457a42..00c87a3 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -922,6 +923,7 @@
     public void testOpenConnection() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+        assumeFalse(Build.MODEL.contains("Cuttlefish"));
 
         Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
         Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
@@ -2329,8 +2331,10 @@
 
             // Verify that turning airplane mode off takes effect as expected.
             // connectToCell only registers a request, it cannot / does not need to be called twice
-            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
-            if (verifyWifi) waitForAvailable(wifiCb);
+            if (verifyWifi) {
+                mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+                waitForAvailable(wifiCb);
+            }
             if (supportTelephony) {
                 telephonyCb.eventuallyExpect(
                         CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, CELL_DATA_AVAILABLE_TIMEOUT_MS);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTapTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTapTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff608f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTapTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG
+import android.net.DnsResolver
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
+import android.net.IpPrefix
+import android.net.MacAddress
+import android.net.RouteInfo
+import android.os.CancellationSignal
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.SystemClock
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_NETD_NATIVE
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
+import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule
+import com.android.testutils.DnsResolverModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.IPv6UdpFilter
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.RouterAdvertisementResponder
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReaderRule
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
+import com.android.testutils.TestDnsPacket
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private val TEST_DNSSERVER_MAC = MacAddress.fromString("00:11:22:33:44:55")
+private val TAG = DnsResolverTapTest::class.java.simpleName
+private const val TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Test networks cannot be created in instant app mode")
+@DnsResolverModuleTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class DnsResolverTapTest {
+    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread(TAG)
+
+    @get:Rule(order = 1)
+    val deviceConfigRule = DeviceConfigRule()
+
+    @get:Rule(order = 2)
+    val featureFlagsRule = SetFeatureFlagsRule(
+        setFlagsMethod = { name, enabled ->
+            val value = when (enabled) {
+                null -> null
+                true -> "1"
+                false -> "0"
+            }
+            deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_NETD_NATIVE, name, value)
+        },
+        getFlagsMethod = {
+            runAsShell(READ_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
+                DeviceConfig.getInt(NAMESPACE_NETD_NATIVE, it, 0) == 1
+            }
+        }
+    )
+
+    @get:Rule(order = 3)
+    val packetReaderRule = TapPacketReaderRule()
+
+    @get:Rule(order = 4)
+    val cbRule = AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule()
+
+    private val ndResponder by lazy { RouterAdvertisementResponder(packetReaderRule.reader) }
+    private val dnsServerAddr by lazy {
+        parseNumericAddress("fe80::124%${packetReaderRule.iface.interfaceName}") as Inet6Address
+    }
+    private lateinit var agent: TestableNetworkAgent
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        handlerThread.start()
+        val interfaceName = packetReaderRule.iface.interfaceName
+        val cb = cbRule.requestNetwork(TestableNetworkAgent.makeNetworkRequestForInterface(
+            interfaceName))
+        agent = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            TestableNetworkAgent.createOnInterface(context, handlerThread.looper,
+                interfaceName, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+        ndResponder.addNeighborEntry(TEST_DNSSERVER_MAC, dnsServerAddr)
+        ndResponder.start()
+        agent.lp.apply {
+            addDnsServer(dnsServerAddr)
+            // A default route is needed for DnsResolver.java to send queries over IPv6
+            // (see usage of DnsUtils.haveIpv6).
+            addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("::/0"), null, null))
+        }
+        agent.sendLinkProperties(agent.lp)
+        cb.eventuallyExpect<LinkPropertiesChanged> { it.lp.dnsServers.isNotEmpty() }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        ndResponder.stop()
+        if (::agent.isInitialized) {
+            agent.unregister()
+        }
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+    }
+
+    private class DnsCallback : DnsResolver.Callback<List<InetAddress>> {
+        override fun onAnswer(answer: List<InetAddress>, rcode: Int) = Unit
+        override fun onError(error: DnsResolver.DnsException) = Unit
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run a cancellation test.
+     *
+     * @param domain Domain name to query
+     * @param waitTimeForNoRetryAfterCancellationMs If positive, cancel the query and wait for that
+     *                                              delay to check no retry is sent.
+     * @return The duration it took to receive all expected replies.
+     */
+    fun doCancellationTest(domain: String, waitTimeForNoRetryAfterCancellationMs: Long): Long {
+        val cancellationSignal = CancellationSignal()
+        val dnsCb = DnsCallback()
+        val queryStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+        DnsResolver.getInstance().query(
+            agent.network, domain, 0 /* flags */,
+            Runnable::run /* executor */, cancellationSignal, dnsCb
+        )
+
+        if (waitTimeForNoRetryAfterCancellationMs > 0) {
+            cancellationSignal.cancel()
+        }
+        // Filter for queries on UDP port 53 for the specified domain
+        val filter = IPv6UdpFilter(dstPort = 53).and {
+            TestDnsPacket(
+                it.copyOfRange(ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + UDP_HEADER_LEN, it.size),
+                dstAddr = dnsServerAddr
+            ).isQueryFor(domain, DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA)
+        }
+
+        val reader = packetReaderRule.reader
+        assertNotNull(reader.poll(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS, filter), "Original query not found")
+        if (waitTimeForNoRetryAfterCancellationMs > 0) {
+            assertNull(reader.poll(waitTimeForNoRetryAfterCancellationMs, filter),
+                "Expected no retry query")
+        } else {
+            assertNotNull(reader.poll(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS, filter), "Retry query not found")
+        }
+        return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - queryStart
+    }
+
+    @SetFeatureFlagsRule.FeatureFlag("no_retry_after_cancel", true)
+    @Test
+    fun testCancellation() {
+        val timeWithRetryWhenNotCancelled = doCancellationTest("test1.example.com",
+            waitTimeForNoRetryAfterCancellationMs = 0L)
+        doCancellationTest("test2.example.com",
+            waitTimeForNoRetryAfterCancellationMs = timeWithRetryWhenNotCancelled + 50L)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
index fa44ae9..b66b853 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule;
@@ -394,7 +395,22 @@
     @Test
     @DnsResolverModuleTest
     public void testRawQueryNXDomainWithPrivateDns() throws Exception {
-        doTestRawQueryNXDomainWithPrivateDns(mExecutor);
+        try {
+            doTestRawQueryNXDomainWithPrivateDns(mExecutor);
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector collector =
+                    ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.getInstance();
+            if (collector != null) {
+                // IWLAN on U QPR3 release may cause failures in this test, see
+                // CarrierConfigSetupTest which is supposed to avoid the issue. Collect IWLAN
+                // related dumpsys if the test still fails.
+                collector.collectDumpsys("carrier_config", e);
+                collector.collectDumpsys("telecom", e);
+                collector.collectDumpsys("telephony_ims", e);
+                collector.collectDumpsys("telephony.registry", e);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
index b1e5680..e367b7d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.Log;
 
@@ -299,6 +301,8 @@
     }
 
     private void ensureIpv6Connectivity() throws InterruptedException {
+        assumeFalse(Build.MODEL.contains("Cuttlefish"));
+
         CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index 5b2c9f7..06f2075 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -605,6 +605,9 @@
     }
 
     private fun assumeNoInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() {
+         // Requesting a tethered interface will stop IpClient. Prevent it from doing so
+         // if adb is connected over ethernet.
+         assumeFalse(isAdbOverEthernet())
         // Interfaces that have configured NetworkCapabilities will never be used for tethering,
         // see aosp/2123900.
         try {
@@ -1069,6 +1072,9 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testSetTetheringInterfaceMode_disableEnableEthernet() {
+        // do not run this test if an interface that can be used for tethering already exists.
+        assumeNoInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()
+
         val listener = EthernetStateListener()
         addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/L2capNetworkSpecifierTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/L2capNetworkSpecifierTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..484cce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/L2capNetworkSpecifierTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.PSM_ANY
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.ROLE_CLIENT
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.ROLE_SERVER
+import android.net.MacAddress
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class L2capNetworkSpecifierTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        val remoteMac = MacAddress.fromString("01:02:03:04:05:06")
+        val specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_CLIENT)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN)
+                .setPsm(42)
+                .setRemoteAddress(remoteMac)
+                .build()
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(specifier)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetters() {
+        val remoteMac = MacAddress.fromString("11:22:33:44:55:66")
+        val specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_CLIENT)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE)
+                .setPsm(123)
+                .setRemoteAddress(remoteMac)
+                .build()
+        assertEquals(ROLE_CLIENT, specifier.getRole())
+        assertEquals(HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE, specifier.getHeaderCompression())
+        assertEquals(123, specifier.getPsm())
+        assertEquals(remoteMac, specifier.getRemoteAddress())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCanBeSatisfiedBy() {
+        val blanketOffer = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY)
+                .setPsm(PSM_ANY)
+                .build()
+
+        val reservedOffer = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN)
+                .setPsm(42)
+                .build()
+
+        val clientOffer = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_CLIENT)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_ANY)
+                .build()
+
+        val serverReservation = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN)
+                .build()
+
+        assertTrue(serverReservation.canBeSatisfiedBy(blanketOffer))
+        assertTrue(serverReservation.canBeSatisfiedBy(reservedOffer))
+        // Note: serverReservation can be filed using reserveNetwork, or it could be a regular
+        // request filed using requestNetwork.
+        assertFalse(serverReservation.canBeSatisfiedBy(clientOffer))
+
+        val clientRequest = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_CLIENT)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN)
+                .setRemoteAddress(MacAddress.fromString("00:01:02:03:04:05"))
+                .setPsm(42)
+                .build()
+
+        assertTrue(clientRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(clientOffer))
+        // Note: the BlanketOffer also includes a RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS. Since the
+        // clientRequest is not a reservation, it won't match that request to begin with.
+        assertFalse(clientRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(blanketOffer))
+        assertFalse(clientRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(reservedOffer))
+
+        val matchAny = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder().build()
+        assertTrue(matchAny.canBeSatisfiedBy(blanketOffer))
+        assertTrue(matchAny.canBeSatisfiedBy(reservedOffer))
+        assertTrue(matchAny.canBeSatisfiedBy(clientOffer))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index 815c3a5..8fcc703 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.BlockedStatus
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Losing
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
-import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAddKeepalivePacketFilter
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAutomaticReconnectDisabled
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnValidationStatus
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.CarrierConfigRule
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
@@ -149,8 +150,8 @@
 import java.net.InetAddress
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.net.Socket
-import java.security.MessageDigest
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import java.security.MessageDigest
 import java.time.Duration
 import java.util.Arrays
 import java.util.Random
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
 import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
@@ -178,10 +180,12 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
 
 private const val TAG = "NetworkAgentTest"
+
 // This test doesn't really have a constraint on how fast the methods should return. If it's
 // going to fail, it will simply wait forever, so setting a high timeout lowers the flake ratio
 // without affecting the run time of successful runs. Thus, set a very high timeout.
 private const val DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000L
+
 // When waiting for a NetworkCallback to determine there was no timeout, waiting is the
 // only possible thing (the relevant handler is the one in the real ConnectivityService,
 // and then there is the Binder call), so have a short timeout for this as it will be
@@ -223,6 +227,9 @@
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 class NetworkAgentTest {
+    @get:Rule
+    val carrierConfigRule = CarrierConfigRule()
+
     private val LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1")
     private val REMOTE_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2")
 
@@ -378,8 +385,12 @@
         // Ensure this NetworkAgent is never unneeded by filing a request with its specifier.
         requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier), callback)
         val nc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(specifier, transports)
-        val agent = createNetworkAgent(context, initialConfig = initialConfig, initialLp = lp,
-            initialNc = nc)
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(
+            context,
+            initialConfig = initialConfig,
+            initialLp = lp,
+            initialNc = nc
+        )
         agent.setTeardownDelayMillis(0)
         // Connect the agent and verify initial status callbacks.
         agent.register()
@@ -414,7 +425,8 @@
 
     private fun createTunInterface(addrs: Collection<LinkAddress> = emptyList()):
             TestNetworkInterface = realContext.getSystemService(
-                TestNetworkManager::class.java)!!.createTunInterface(addrs).also {
+                TestNetworkManager::class.java
+            )!!.createTunInterface(addrs).also {
             ifacesToCleanUp.add(it)
     }
 
@@ -546,9 +558,12 @@
     @Test
     fun testSocketKeepalive(): Unit = createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS().let { agent ->
         val packet = NattKeepalivePacketData(
-                LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS /* srcAddress */, 1234 /* srcPort */,
-                REMOTE_IPV4_ADDRESS /* dstAddress */, 4567 /* dstPort */,
-                ByteArray(100 /* size */))
+            LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS /* srcAddress */,
+            1234 /* srcPort */,
+            REMOTE_IPV4_ADDRESS /* dstAddress */,
+            4567 /* dstPort */,
+            ByteArray(100 /* size */)
+        )
         val slot = 4
         val interval = 37
 
@@ -653,8 +668,13 @@
             uid: Int,
             expectUidsPresent: Boolean
     ) {
-        doTestAllowedUids(intArrayOf(transport), uid, expectUidsPresent,
-                specifier = null, transportInfo = null)
+        doTestAllowedUids(
+            intArrayOf(transport),
+            uid,
+            expectUidsPresent,
+            specifier = null,
+            transportInfo = null
+        )
     }
 
     private fun doTestAllowedUidsWithSubId(
@@ -689,21 +709,28 @@
 
     private fun setHoldCarrierPrivilege(hold: Boolean, subId: Int) {
         fun getCertHash(): String {
-            val pkgInfo = realContext.packageManager.getPackageInfo(realContext.opPackageName,
-                    PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES)
+            val pkgInfo = realContext.packageManager.getPackageInfo(
+                realContext.opPackageName,
+                PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES
+            )
             val digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")
             val certHash = digest.digest(pkgInfo.signatures!![0]!!.toByteArray())
             return UiccUtil.bytesToHexString(certHash)!!
         }
 
         val tm = realContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)!!
-        val ccm = realContext.getSystemService(CarrierConfigManager::class.java)!!
 
         val cv = ConditionVariable()
         val cpb = PrivilegeWaiterCallback(cv)
-        tryTest {
+        // The lambda below is capturing |cpb|, whose type inherits from a class that appeared in
+        // T. This means the lambda will compile as a private method of this class taking a
+        // PrivilegeWaiterCallback argument. As JUnit uses reflection to enumerate all methods
+        // including private methods, this would fail with a link error when running on S-.
+        // To solve this, make the lambda serializable, which causes the compiler to emit a
+        // synthetic class instead of a synthetic method.
+        tryTest @JvmSerializableLambda {
             val slotIndex = SubscriptionManager.getSlotIndex(subId)!!
-            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) @JvmSerializableLambda {
                 tm.registerCarrierPrivilegesCallback(slotIndex, { it.run() }, cpb)
             }
             // Wait for the callback to be registered
@@ -716,21 +743,16 @@
                 }
                 return@tryTest
             }
-            cv.close()
-            runAsShell(MODIFY_PHONE_STATE) {
-                val carrierConfigs = if (hold) {
-                    PersistableBundle().also {
-                        it.putStringArray(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CERTIFICATE_STRING_ARRAY,
-                                arrayOf(getCertHash()))
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    null
-                }
-                ccm.overrideConfig(subId, carrierConfigs)
+            if (hold) {
+                carrierConfigRule.addConfigOverrides(subId, PersistableBundle().also {
+                    it.putStringArray(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CERTIFICATE_STRING_ARRAY,
+                        arrayOf(getCertHash()))
+                })
+            } else {
+                carrierConfigRule.cleanUpNow()
             }
-            assertTrue(cv.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS), "Can't change carrier privilege")
-        } cleanup {
-            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+        } cleanup @JvmSerializableLambda {
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) @JvmSerializableLambda {
                 tm.unregisterCarrierPrivilegesCallback(cpb)
             }
         }
@@ -744,9 +766,15 @@
 
         val cv = ConditionVariable()
         val cpb = CarrierServiceChangedWaiterCallback(cv)
-        tryTest {
+        // The lambda below is capturing |cpb|, whose type inherits from a class that appeared in
+        // T. This means the lambda will compile as a private method of this class taking a
+        // PrivilegeWaiterCallback argument. As JUnit uses reflection to enumerate all methods
+        // including private methods, this would fail with a link error when running on S-.
+        // To solve this, make the lambda serializable, which causes the compiler to emit a
+        // synthetic class instead of a synthetic method.
+        tryTest @JvmSerializableLambda {
             val slotIndex = SubscriptionManager.getSlotIndex(subId)!!
-            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) @JvmSerializableLambda {
                 tm.registerCarrierPrivilegesCallback(slotIndex, { it.run() }, cpb)
             }
             // Wait for the callback to be registered
@@ -768,8 +796,8 @@
                 }
             }
             assertTrue(cv.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS), "Can't modify carrier service package")
-        } cleanup {
-            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) {
+        } cleanup @JvmSerializableLambda {
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE) @JvmSerializableLambda {
                 tm.unregisterCarrierPrivilegesCallback(cpb)
             }
         }
@@ -799,14 +827,19 @@
         val uid = try {
             realContext.packageManager.getApplicationInfo(servicePackage, 0).uid
         } catch (e: PackageManager.NameNotFoundException) {
-            fail("$servicePackage could not be installed, please check the SuiteApkInstaller" +
-                    " installed CtsCarrierServicePackage.apk", e)
+            fail(
+                "$servicePackage could not be installed, please check the SuiteApkInstaller" +
+                    " installed CtsCarrierServicePackage.apk",
+                e
+            )
         }
 
         val tm = realContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)!!
         val defaultSubId = SubscriptionManager.getDefaultSubscriptionId()
-        assertTrue(defaultSubId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
-                "getDefaultSubscriptionId returns INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID")
+        assertTrue(
+            defaultSubId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
+            "getDefaultSubscriptionId returns INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"
+        )
         tryTest {
             // This process is not the carrier service UID, so allowedUids should be ignored in all
             // the following cases.
@@ -910,8 +943,10 @@
         // If using the int ranking, agent1 must be upgraded to a better score so that there is
         // no ambiguity when agent2 connects that agent1 is still better. If using policy
         // ranking, this is not necessary.
-        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE)
-                .build())
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(
+            NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                .build()
+        )
 
         // Connect the second agent.
         val (agent2, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
@@ -920,10 +955,12 @@
         // virtue of already satisfying the request.
         callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
         // Now downgrade the score and expect the callback now prefers agent2
-        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder()
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(
+            NetworkScore.Builder()
                 .setLegacyInt(WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE)
                 .setExiting(true)
-                .build())
+                .build()
+        )
         callback.expect<Available>(agent2.network!!)
 
         // tearDown() will unregister the requests and agents
@@ -968,16 +1005,20 @@
         // Check that the default network's transport is propagated to the VPN.
         var vpnNc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(agent.network!!)
         assertNotNull(vpnNc)
-        assertEquals(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE,
-                (vpnNc.transportInfo as VpnTransportInfo).type)
+        assertEquals(
+            VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE,
+            (vpnNc.transportInfo as VpnTransportInfo).type
+        )
         assertEquals(mySessionId, (vpnNc.transportInfo as VpnTransportInfo).sessionId)
 
         val testAndVpn = intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_TEST, TRANSPORT_VPN)
         assertTrue(vpnNc.hasAllTransports(testAndVpn))
         assertFalse(vpnNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN))
-        assertTrue(vpnNc.hasAllTransports(defaultNetworkTransports),
-                "VPN transports ${Arrays.toString(vpnNc.transportTypes)}" +
-                        " lacking transports from ${Arrays.toString(defaultNetworkTransports)}")
+        assertTrue(
+            vpnNc.hasAllTransports(defaultNetworkTransports),
+            "VPN transports ${Arrays.toString(vpnNc.transportTypes)}" +
+                    " lacking transports from ${Arrays.toString(defaultNetworkTransports)}"
+        )
 
         // Check that when no underlying networks are announced the underlying transport disappears.
         agent.setUnderlyingNetworks(listOf<Network>())
@@ -999,9 +1040,11 @@
         // underlying networks, and because not congested, not roaming, and not suspended are the
         // default anyway. It's still useful as an extra check though.
         vpnNc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(agent.network!!)!!
-        for (cap in listOf(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
-                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
-                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)) {
+        for (cap in listOf(
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
+        )) {
             val capStr = valueToString(NetworkCapabilities::class.java, "NET_CAPABILITY_", cap)
             if (defaultNetworkCapabilities.hasCapability(cap) && !vpnNc.hasCapability(cap)) {
                 fail("$capStr not propagated from underlying: $defaultNetworkCapabilities")
@@ -1026,13 +1069,15 @@
         doReturn(mockCm).`when`(mockContext).getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)
         val agent = createNetworkAgent(mockContext)
         agent.register()
-        verify(mockCm).registerNetworkAgent(any(),
-                argThat<NetworkInfo> { it.detailedState == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING },
-                any(LinkProperties::class.java),
-                any(NetworkCapabilities::class.java),
-                any(NetworkScore::class.java),
-                any(NetworkAgentConfig::class.java),
-                eq(NetworkProvider.ID_NONE))
+        verify(mockCm).registerNetworkAgent(
+            any(),
+            argThat<NetworkInfo> { it.detailedState == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING },
+            any(LinkProperties::class.java),
+            any(NetworkCapabilities::class.java),
+            any(NetworkScore::class.java),
+            any(NetworkAgentConfig::class.java),
+            eq(NetworkProvider.ID_NONE)
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1079,8 +1124,10 @@
     @Test
     fun testValidationStatus() = createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS().let { agent ->
         val uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com")
-        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onValidationStatusChanged(VALID_NETWORK,
-                uri.toString())
+        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onValidationStatusChanged(
+            VALID_NETWORK,
+            uri.toString()
+        )
         agent.expectCallback<OnValidationStatus>().let {
             assertEquals(it.status, VALID_NETWORK)
             assertEquals(it.uri, uri)
@@ -1155,7 +1202,8 @@
         }
         assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
             agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(
-                    NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - 1))
+                    NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - 1
+            ))
         }
         // Verify valid linger timer can be set, but it should not take effect since the network
         // is still needed.
@@ -1165,11 +1213,14 @@
         agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong()))
         // Make a listener which can observe agentWeaker lost later.
         val callbackWeaker = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
-        registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        registerNetworkCallback(
+            NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .clearCapabilities()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(specifierWeaker))
-                .build(), callbackWeaker)
+                .build(),
+            callbackWeaker
+        )
         callbackWeaker.expectAvailableCallbacks(agentWeaker.network!!)
 
         // Connect the agentStronger with a score better than agentWeaker. Verify the callback for
@@ -1186,8 +1237,10 @@
         val expectedRemainingLingerDuration = lingerStart +
                 NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
         // If the available callback is too late. The remaining duration will be reduced.
-        assertTrue(expectedRemainingLingerDuration > 0,
-                "expected remaining linger duration is $expectedRemainingLingerDuration")
+        assertTrue(
+            expectedRemainingLingerDuration > 0,
+            "expected remaining linger duration is $expectedRemainingLingerDuration"
+        )
         callbackWeaker.assertNoCallback(expectedRemainingLingerDuration)
         callbackWeaker.expect<Lost>(agentWeaker.network!!)
     }
@@ -1205,20 +1258,24 @@
         assertEquals(imsi, testNetworkSnapshot!!.subscriberId)
     }
 
-    @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     // TODO: Refactor helper functions to util class and move this test case to
     //  {@link android.net.cts.ConnectivityManagerTest}.
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     fun testRegisterBestMatchingNetworkCallback() {
         // Register best matching network callback with additional condition that will be
         // exercised later. This assumes the test network agent has NOT_VCN_MANAGED in it and
         // does not have NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED.
         val bestMatchingCb = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
-        registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+            NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .clearCapabilities()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
-                .build(), bestMatchingCb, mHandlerThread.threadHandler)
+                .build(),
+            bestMatchingCb,
+            mHandlerThread.threadHandler
+        )
 
         val (agent1, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(specifier = "AGENT-1")
         bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
@@ -1296,8 +1353,10 @@
         }
 
         fun assertNoCallback() {
-            assertNull(history.poll(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT),
-                    "Callback received")
+            assertNull(
+                history.poll(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT),
+                "Callback received"
+            )
         }
     }
 
@@ -1312,7 +1371,8 @@
 
     private fun setupForQosDatagram() = setupForQosCallbackTest {
         agent: TestableNetworkAgent -> DatagramSocket(
-            InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), 0))
+            InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), 0)
+        )
             .also { assertNotNull(agent.network?.bindSocket(it)) }
     }
 
@@ -1345,7 +1405,8 @@
 
                 assertFailsWith<QosCallbackRegistrationException>(
                         "The same callback cannot be " +
-                        "registered more than once without first being unregistered") {
+                        "registered more than once without first being unregistered"
+                ) {
                     mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback)
                 }
             } finally {
@@ -1438,8 +1499,10 @@
                 qosCallback.expectCallback<OnQosSessionAvailable>()
 
                 // Check that onError is coming through correctly
-                agent.sendQosCallbackError(callbackId,
-                        QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NOT_SUPPORTED)
+                agent.sendQosCallbackError(
+                    callbackId,
+                    QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NOT_SUPPORTED
+                )
                 qosCallback.expectCallback<OnError> {
                     it.ex.cause is UnsupportedOperationException
                 }
@@ -1534,13 +1597,20 @@
         val remoteAddresses = ArrayList<InetSocketAddress>()
         remoteAddresses.add(InetSocketAddress(REMOTE_ADDRESS, 80))
         return EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes(
-                qci, 2, 3, 4, 5,
-                remoteAddresses
+            qci,
+            2,
+            3,
+            4,
+            5,
+            remoteAddresses
         )
     }
 
-    fun sendAndExpectUdpPacket(net: Network,
-                               reader: PollPacketReader, iface: TestNetworkInterface) {
+    fun sendAndExpectUdpPacket(
+        net: Network,
+        reader: PollPacketReader,
+        iface: TestNetworkInterface
+    ) {
         val s = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
         net.bindSocket(s)
         val content = ByteArray(16)
@@ -1553,8 +1623,11 @@
                     it[IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET].toInt() == IPPROTO_UDP &&
                     Arrays.equals(content, it.copyOfRange(udpStart, udpStart + content.size))
         }
-        assertNotNull(match, "Did not receive matching packet on ${iface.interfaceName} " +
-                " after ${DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS}ms")
+        assertNotNull(
+            match,
+            "Did not receive matching packet on ${iface.interfaceName} " +
+                " after ${DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS}ms"
+        )
     }
 
     fun createInterfaceAndReader(): Triple<TestNetworkInterface, PollPacketReader, LinkProperties> {
@@ -1750,8 +1823,10 @@
         assertNotNull(wifiSpecifier)
         assertTrue(wifiSpecifier is EthernetNetworkSpecifier)
 
-        val wifiNc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(wifiSpecifier.interfaceName,
-                intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        val wifiNc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(
+            wifiSpecifier.interfaceName,
+            intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        )
         wifiAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc)
         val wifiLp = mCM.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork)!!
         val newRoute = RouteInfo(IpPrefix("192.0.2.42/24"))
@@ -1822,8 +1897,12 @@
         val nc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(ifName, transports).also {
             if (transports.contains(TRANSPORT_VPN)) {
                 val sessionId = "NetworkAgentTest-${Process.myPid()}"
-                it.setTransportInfo(VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM, sessionId,
-                    /*bypassable=*/ false, /*longLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive=*/ false))
+                it.setTransportInfo(VpnTransportInfo(
+                    VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM,
+                    sessionId,
+                    /*bypassable=*/ false,
+                    /*longLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive=*/ false
+                ))
                 it.underlyingNetworks = listOf()
             }
         }
@@ -1868,9 +1947,11 @@
         listenCallback.expect<Available>(network)
 
         requestCallback.expect<CapabilitiesChanged>(network) { it.caps.hasCapability(
-            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED) }
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
+        ) }
         listenCallback.expect<CapabilitiesChanged>(network) { it.caps.hasCapability(
-            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED) }
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
+        ) }
 
         requestCallback.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(network) { it.lp.equals(lp) }
         listenCallback.expect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(network) { it.lp.equals(lp) }
@@ -1896,7 +1977,8 @@
     fun testNativeNetworkCreation_PhysicalNetwork() {
         doTestNativeNetworkCreation(
                 expectCreatedImmediately = SHOULD_CREATE_NETWORKS_IMMEDIATELY,
-                intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+                intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
index 1ca5a77..2fb140a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static junit.framework.Assert.fail;
@@ -103,6 +104,16 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testParceling() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build();
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest(nc, TYPE_NONE, 42 /* rId */,
+                NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION);
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(request);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testCapabilities() {
         assertTrue(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build()
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkReservationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkReservationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f05bf15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkReservationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Reserved
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Unavailable
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkOfferCallback
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val TAG = "NetworkReservationTest"
+
+private val NETWORK_SCORE = NetworkScore.Builder().build()
+private val ETHERNET_CAPS = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+        .build()
+private val BLANKET_CAPS = NetworkCapabilities(ETHERNET_CAPS).apply {
+    reservationId = RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS
+}
+private val ETHERNET_REQUEST = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+        .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+        .build()
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000L
+private const val NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
+
+// TODO: integrate with CSNetworkReservationTest and move to common tests.
+@AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS not grantable to instant apps")
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class NetworkReservationTest {
+    private val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+    private val cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!!
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread("$TAG handler thread").apply { start() }
+    private val handler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
+    private val provider = NetworkProvider(context, handlerThread.looper, TAG)
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            cm.registerNetworkProvider(provider)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            // unregisterNetworkProvider unregisters all associated NetworkOffers.
+            cm.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider)
+        }
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+    }
+
+    fun NetworkCapabilities.copyWithReservationId(resId: Int) = NetworkCapabilities(this).also {
+        it.reservationId = resId
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReserveNetwork() {
+        // register blanket offer
+        val blanketOffer = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            provider.registerNetworkOffer(NETWORK_SCORE, BLANKET_CAPS, handler::post, blanketOffer)
+        }
+
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, handler, cb)
+
+        // validate the reservation matches the blanket offer.
+        val reservationReq = blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS).request
+        val reservationId = reservationReq.networkCapabilities.reservationId
+
+        // bring up reserved reservation offer
+        val reservedCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
+        val reservedOffer = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            provider.registerNetworkOffer(NETWORK_SCORE, reservedCaps, handler::post, reservedOffer)
+        }
+
+        // validate onReserved was sent to the app
+        val appObservedCaps = cb.expect<Reserved>().caps
+        assertEquals(reservedCaps, appObservedCaps)
+
+        // validate the reservation matches the reserved offer.
+        reservedOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(reservedCaps)
+
+        // reserved offer goes away
+        provider.unregisterNetworkOffer(reservedOffer)
+        cb.expect<Unavailable>()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index c981a1b..ee31f1a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -22,14 +22,10 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
 import android.net.DnsResolver
 import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
-import android.net.LinkAddress
-import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.LocalSocket
 import android.net.LocalSocketAddress
 import android.net.MacAddress
 import android.net.Network
-import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
-import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
@@ -53,16 +49,10 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING
-import android.system.ErrnoException
-import android.system.Os
-import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
-import android.system.OsConstants.EADDRNOTAVAIL
-import android.system.OsConstants.ENETUNREACH
 import android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
 import android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_LINK
-import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
 import android.util.Log
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
@@ -106,7 +96,6 @@
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.TestDnsPacket
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
-import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.assertEmpty
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk30
@@ -247,16 +236,12 @@
         val tnm = context.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)!!
         val iface = tnm.createTapInterface()
         val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
-        val testNetworkSpecifier = TestNetworkSpecifier(iface.interfaceName)
         cm.requestNetwork(
-            NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                .setNetworkSpecifier(testNetworkSpecifier)
-                .build(),
+            TestableNetworkAgent.makeNetworkRequestForInterface(iface.interfaceName),
             cb
         )
-        val agent = registerTestNetworkAgent(iface.interfaceName)
+        val agent = TestableNetworkAgent.createOnInterface(context, handlerThread.looper,
+            iface.interfaceName, TIMEOUT_MS)
         val network = agent.network ?: fail("Registered agent should have a network")
 
         cb.eventuallyExpect<LinkPropertiesChanged>(TIMEOUT_MS) {
@@ -271,57 +256,6 @@
         return TestTapNetwork(iface, cb, agent, network)
     }
 
-    private fun registerTestNetworkAgent(ifaceName: String): TestableNetworkAgent {
-        val lp = LinkProperties().apply {
-            interfaceName = ifaceName
-        }
-        val agent = TestableNetworkAgent(
-            context,
-            handlerThread.looper,
-                NetworkCapabilities().apply {
-                    removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                    addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                    setNetworkSpecifier(TestNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName))
-                },
-            lp,
-            NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
-        )
-        val network = agent.register()
-        agent.markConnected()
-        agent.expectCallback<OnNetworkCreated>()
-
-        // Wait until the link-local address can be used. Address flags are not available without
-        // elevated permissions, so check that bindSocket works.
-        PollingCheck.check("No usable v6 address on interface after $TIMEOUT_MS ms", TIMEOUT_MS) {
-            // To avoid race condition between socket connection succeeding and interface returning
-            // a non-empty address list. Verify that interface returns a non-empty list, before
-            // trying the socket connection.
-            if (NetworkInterface.getByName(ifaceName).interfaceAddresses.isEmpty()) {
-                return@check false
-            }
-
-            val sock = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
-            tryTest {
-                network.bindSocket(sock)
-                Os.connect(sock, parseNumericAddress("ff02::fb%$ifaceName"), 12345)
-                true
-            }.catch<ErrnoException> {
-                if (it.errno != ENETUNREACH && it.errno != EADDRNOTAVAIL) {
-                    throw it
-                }
-                false
-            } cleanup {
-                Os.close(sock)
-            }
-        }
-
-        lp.setLinkAddresses(NetworkInterface.getByName(ifaceName).interfaceAddresses.map {
-            LinkAddress(it.address, it.networkPrefixLength.toInt())
-        })
-        agent.sendLinkProperties(lp)
-        return agent
-    }
-
     private fun makeTestServiceInfo(network: Network? = null) = NsdServiceInfo().also {
         it.serviceType = serviceType
         it.serviceName = serviceName
@@ -576,7 +510,9 @@
             assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, serviceLost.serviceInfo.network)
 
             val newAgent = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
-                registerTestNetworkAgent(testNetwork1.iface.interfaceName)
+                TestableNetworkAgent.createOnInterface(context, handlerThread.looper,
+                    testNetwork1.iface.interfaceName,
+                    TIMEOUT_MS)
             }
             val newNetwork = newAgent.network ?: fail("Registered agent should have a network")
             val serviceDiscovered3 = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<ServiceFound>()
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
index bd9e03c..f5198e3 100755
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Range;
 
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
@@ -94,11 +96,12 @@
 
     long tcpPacketToIpBytes(long packetCount, long bytes) {
         // ip header + tcp header + data.
-        // Tcp header is mostly 32. Syn has different tcp options -> 40. Don't care.
+        // Tcp header is mostly 32. Syn has different tcp options -> 40.
         return packetCount * (20 + 32 + bytes);
     }
 
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    @ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.CollectTcpdumpOnFailure
     public void testTrafficStatsForLocalhost() throws IOException {
         final long mobileTxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets();
         final long mobileRxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets();
@@ -224,9 +227,15 @@
                 - uidTxDeltaPackets;
         final long deltaRxOtherPackets = (totalRxPacketsAfter - totalRxPacketsBefore)
                 - uidRxDeltaPackets;
-        if (deltaTxOtherPackets > 0 || deltaRxOtherPackets > 0) {
+        final long deltaTxOtherPktBytes = (totalTxBytesAfter - totalTxBytesBefore)
+                - uidTxDeltaBytes;
+        final long deltaRxOtherPktBytes  = (totalRxBytesAfter - totalRxBytesBefore)
+                - uidRxDeltaBytes;
+        if (deltaTxOtherPackets != 0 || deltaRxOtherPackets != 0
+                || deltaTxOtherPktBytes != 0 || deltaRxOtherPktBytes != 0) {
             Log.i(LOG_TAG, "lingering traffic data: " + deltaTxOtherPackets + "/"
-                    + deltaRxOtherPackets);
+                    + deltaRxOtherPackets + "/" + deltaTxOtherPktBytes
+                    + "/" + deltaRxOtherPktBytes);
         }
 
         // Check that the per-uid stats obtained from data profiling contain the expected values.
@@ -237,9 +246,9 @@
         final long pktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount, byteCount);
         final long pktWithNoDataBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount, 0);
         final long minExpExtraPktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(minExpectedExtraPackets, 0);
-        final long maxExpExtraPktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(maxExpectedExtraPackets, 0);
-        final long deltaTxOtherPktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(deltaTxOtherPackets, 0);
-        final long deltaRxOtherPktBytes  = tcpPacketToIpBytes(deltaRxOtherPackets, 0);
+        // Syn/syn-ack has different tcp options, make tcp header 40 for upper bound estimation.
+        final long maxExpExtraPktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(maxExpectedExtraPackets, 8);
+
         assertInRange("txPackets detail", entry.txPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
                 uidTxDeltaPackets);
         assertInRange("rxPackets detail", entry.rxPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
@@ -257,32 +266,24 @@
         assertInRange("uidrxb", uidRxDeltaBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
                 pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes + deltaRxOtherPktBytes);
         assertInRange("iftxp", ifaceTxDeltaPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
-                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets);
+                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets + deltaTxOtherPackets);
         assertInRange("ifrxp", ifaceRxDeltaPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
-                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets);
+                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets + deltaRxOtherPackets);
         assertInRange("iftxb", ifaceTxDeltaBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
-                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes);
+                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes + deltaTxOtherPktBytes);
         assertInRange("ifrxb", ifaceRxDeltaBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
-                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes);
+                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes + deltaRxOtherPktBytes);
 
         // Localhost traffic *does* count against total stats.
         // Check the total stats increased after test data transfer over localhost has been made.
-        assertTrue("ttxp: " + totalTxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalTxPacketsAfter,
-                totalTxPacketsAfter >= totalTxPacketsBefore + uidTxDeltaPackets);
-        assertTrue("trxp: " + totalRxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalRxPacketsAfter,
-                totalRxPacketsAfter >= totalRxPacketsBefore + uidRxDeltaPackets);
-        assertTrue("ttxb: " + totalTxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalTxBytesAfter,
-                totalTxBytesAfter >= totalTxBytesBefore + uidTxDeltaBytes);
-        assertTrue("trxb: " + totalRxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalRxBytesAfter,
-                totalRxBytesAfter >= totalRxBytesBefore + uidRxDeltaBytes);
-        assertTrue("iftxp: " + ifaceTxPacketsBefore + " -> " + ifaceTxPacketsAfter,
-                totalTxPacketsAfter >= totalTxPacketsBefore + ifaceTxDeltaPackets);
-        assertTrue("ifrxp: " + ifaceRxPacketsBefore + " -> " + ifaceRxPacketsAfter,
-                totalRxPacketsAfter >= totalRxPacketsBefore + ifaceRxDeltaPackets);
-        assertTrue("iftxb: " + ifaceTxBytesBefore + " -> " + ifaceTxBytesAfter,
-            totalTxBytesAfter >= totalTxBytesBefore + ifaceTxDeltaBytes);
-        assertTrue("ifrxb: " + ifaceRxBytesBefore + " -> " + ifaceRxBytesAfter,
-            totalRxBytesAfter >= totalRxBytesBefore + ifaceRxDeltaBytes);
+        assertInRange("ttxp", totalTxPacketsAfter,
+                totalTxPacketsBefore + packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        assertInRange("trxp", totalRxPacketsAfter,
+                totalRxPacketsBefore + packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        assertInRange("ttxb", totalTxBytesAfter,
+                totalTxBytesBefore + pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        assertInRange("trxb", totalRxBytesAfter,
+                totalRxBytesBefore + pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes, Long.MAX_VALUE);
 
         // Localhost traffic should *not* count against mobile stats,
         // There might be some other traffic, but nowhere near 1MB.
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
index 243cd27..75b2814 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED;
@@ -126,6 +127,67 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public static class StopTetheringCallback implements TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback {
+        private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+        public static class CallbackValue {
+            public final int error;
+
+            private CallbackValue(final int e) {
+                error = e;
+            }
+
+            public static class OnStopTetheringSucceeded extends CallbackValue {
+                OnStopTetheringSucceeded() {
+                    super(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public static class OnStopTetheringFailed extends CallbackValue {
+                OnStopTetheringFailed(final int error) {
+                    super(error);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return String.format("%s(%d)", getClass().getSimpleName(), error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>.ReadHead mHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>().newReadHead();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopTetheringSucceeded() {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue.OnStopTetheringSucceeded());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopTetheringFailed(final int error) {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue.OnStopTetheringFailed(error));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         *  Verifies that {@link #onStopTetheringSucceeded()} was called
+         */
+        public void verifyStopTetheringSucceeded() {
+            final CallbackValue cv = mHistory.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, c -> true);
+            assertNotNull("No onStopTetheringSucceeded after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms", cv);
+            assertTrue("Fail stop tethering:" + cv,
+                    cv instanceof CallbackValue.OnStopTetheringSucceeded);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         *  Verifies that {@link #onStopTetheringFailed(int)} was called
+         */
+        public void expectStopTetheringFailed(final int expected) {
+            final CallbackValue cv = mHistory.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, c -> true);
+            assertNotNull("No onStopTetheringFailed after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms", cv);
+            assertTrue("Expect fail with error code " + expected + ", but received: " + cv,
+                    (cv instanceof CallbackValue.OnStopTetheringFailed) && (cv.error == expected));
+        }
+    }
+
     private static boolean isRegexMatch(final String[] ifaceRegexs, String iface) {
         if (ifaceRegexs == null) fail("ifaceRegexs should not be null");
 
@@ -574,6 +636,22 @@
         expectSoftApDisabled();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Calls {@link TetheringManager#stopTethering(TetheringRequest, Executor,
+     * TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback)} and verifies if it succeeded or failed.
+     */
+    public void stopTethering(final TetheringRequest request, boolean expectSuccess) {
+        final StopTetheringCallback stopTetheringCallback = new StopTetheringCallback();
+        runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> {
+            mTm.stopTethering(request, c -> c.run() /* executor */, stopTetheringCallback);
+            if (expectSuccess) {
+                stopTetheringCallback.verifyStopTetheringSucceeded();
+            } else {
+                stopTetheringCallback.expectStopTetheringFailed(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
     public void stopAllTethering() {
         final TestTetheringEventCallback callback = registerTetheringEventCallback();
         try {
diff --git a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
index b324dc8..0ff98e7 100644
--- a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
+        "automotive-general-tests",
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
     ],
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
index d167836..a1e0797 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
@@ -55,34 +55,6 @@
     host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
 }
 
-// Tethering CTS tests that target the latest released SDK. These tests can be installed on release
-// devices which has equal or lowner sdk version than target sdk and are useful for qualifying
-// mainline modules on release devices.
-android_test {
-    name: "CtsTetheringTestLatestSdk",
-    defaults: [
-        "ConnectivityTestsLatestSdkDefaults",
-        "CtsTetheringTestDefaults",
-    ],
-
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
-
-    static_libs: [
-        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
-    ],
-
-    test_suites: [
-        "general-tests",
-        "mts-tethering",
-    ],
-
-    test_config_template: "AndroidTestTemplate.xml",
-
-    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
-    compile_multilib: "both",
-    jarjar_rules: ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
-}
-
 // Tethering CTS tests for development and release. These tests always target the platform SDK
 // version, and are subject to all the restrictions appropriate to that version. Before SDK
 // finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, but they can still be installed on
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
index 5e94c06..9e49926 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
@@ -87,9 +88,11 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
 import com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.CarrierConfigRule;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -98,13 +101,14 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public class TetheringManagerTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final CarrierConfigRule mCarrierConfigRule = new CarrierConfigRule();
 
     private Context mContext;
 
@@ -387,18 +391,21 @@
 
             mCtsTetheringUtils.stopWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
 
-            try {
-                final int ret = runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> mTM.tether(wifiTetheringIface));
-                // There is no guarantee that the wifi interface will be available after disabling
-                // the hotspot, so don't fail the test if the call to tether() fails.
-                if (ret == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
-                    // If calling #tether successful, there is a callback to tell the result of
-                    // tethering setup.
-                    tetherEventCallback.expectErrorOrTethered(
-                            new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_WIFI, wifiTetheringIface));
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) {
+                try {
+                    final int ret = runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+                            () -> mTM.tether(wifiTetheringIface));
+                    // There is no guarantee that the wifi interface will be available after
+                    // disabling the hotspot, so don't fail the test if the call to tether() fails.
+                    if (ret == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                        // If calling #tether successful, there is a callback to tell the result of
+                        // tethering setup.
+                        tetherEventCallback.expectErrorOrTethered(
+                                new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_WIFI, wifiTetheringIface));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> mTM.untether(wifiTetheringIface));
                 }
-            } finally {
-                runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> mTM.untether(wifiTetheringIface));
             }
         } finally {
             mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
@@ -450,14 +457,26 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testStopTetheringRequest() throws Exception {
-        TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build();
-        Executor executor = Runnable::run;
-        TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback callback =
-                new TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback() {};
+        assumeTrue(isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled());
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
         try {
-            mTM.stopTethering(request, executor, callback);
-            fail("stopTethering should throw UnsupportedOperationException");
-        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expect) { }
+            tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
+
+            // stopTethering without any tethering active should fail.
+            TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build();
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopTethering(request, false /* expectSuccess */);
+
+            // Start wifi tethering
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+
+            // stopTethering should succeed now that there's a request.
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopTethering(request, true /* expectSuccess */);
+            tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+        } finally {
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopAllTethering();
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+        }
     }
 
     private boolean isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled() {
@@ -547,22 +566,13 @@
         // Override carrier config to ignore entitlement check.
         final PersistableBundle bundle = new PersistableBundle();
         bundle.putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_REQUIRE_ENTITLEMENT_CHECKS_BOOL, false);
-        overrideCarrierConfig(bundle);
+        mCarrierConfigRule.addConfigOverrides(
+                SubscriptionManager.getDefaultSubscriptionId(), bundle);
 
         // Verify that requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() can get entitlement
         // result TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR due to provisioning bypassed.
         assertEntitlementResult(listener -> mTM.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(
                 TETHERING_WIFI, false, c -> c.run(), listener), TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
-
-        // Reset carrier config.
-        overrideCarrierConfig(null);
-    }
-
-    private void overrideCarrierConfig(PersistableBundle bundle) {
-        final CarrierConfigManager configManager = (CarrierConfigManager) mContext
-                .getSystemService(Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE);
-        final int subId = SubscriptionManager.getDefaultSubscriptionId();
-        runAsShell(MODIFY_PHONE_STATE, () -> configManager.overrideConfig(subId, bundle));
     }
 
     private boolean isTetheringApnRequired() {
@@ -623,4 +633,11 @@
             }
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyTetherApisThrowUnsupportedOperationExceptionAfterV() {
+        assumeTrue(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM);
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> mTM.tether("iface"));
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> mTM.untether("iface"));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
index 06bdca6..375d604 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
 
+import android.Manifest.permission
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager
 import android.content.ComponentName
 import android.content.Context
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer
 import java.util.function.Consumer
@@ -208,7 +210,9 @@
         networkStackClient = TestNetworkStackClient(realContext)
         networkStackClient.start()
 
-        service = TestConnectivityService(TestDependencies())
+        service = runAsShell(permission.OBSERVE_GRANT_REVOKE_PERMISSIONS) {
+            TestConnectivityService(TestDependencies())
+        }
         cm = ConnectivityManager(context, service)
         context.addMockSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, cm)
         context.addMockSystemService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE, statsManager)
diff --git a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp
index 39a08fa..02ac3c5 100644
--- a/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/native/connectivity_native_test/Android.bp
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
         "libcom.android.tethering.connectivity_native",
         "liblog",
         "libnetutils",
-        "libprocessgroup",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "connectivity_native_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 9a77c89..b415382 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.nullable;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -669,4 +671,12 @@
                 // No callbacks overridden -> do not use the optimization
                 eq(~0));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyTetherApisThrowUnsupportedOperationExceptionAfterV() {
+        assumeTrue(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM);
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> manager.tether("iface"));
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> manager.untether("iface"));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index c1c15ca..73eb24d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Bool;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapValue;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.IngressDiscardKey;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.IngressDiscardValue;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.LocalNetAccessKey;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
@@ -171,6 +174,10 @@
     private final IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> mUidOwnerMap =
             new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
     private final IBpfMap<S32, U8> mUidPermissionMap = new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, U8.class);
+    private final IBpfMap<U32, Bool> mLocalNetBlockedUidMap =
+            new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, Bool.class);
+    private final IBpfMap<LocalNetAccessKey, Bool> mLocalNetAccessMap =
+            new TestBpfMap<>(LocalNetAccessKey.class, Bool.class);
     private final IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap =
             spy(new TestBpfMap<>(CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class));
     private final IBpfMap<S32, U8> mDataSaverEnabledMap = new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, U8.class);
@@ -189,6 +196,8 @@
                 CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(STATS_SELECT_MAP_A));
         BpfNetMaps.setUidOwnerMapForTest(mUidOwnerMap);
         BpfNetMaps.setUidPermissionMapForTest(mUidPermissionMap);
+        BpfNetMaps.setLocalNetAccessMapForTest(mLocalNetAccessMap);
+        BpfNetMaps.setLocalNetBlockedUidMapForTest(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap);
         BpfNetMaps.setCookieTagMapForTest(mCookieTagMap);
         BpfNetMaps.setDataSaverEnabledMapForTest(mDataSaverEnabledMap);
         mDataSaverEnabledMap.updateEntry(DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_KEY, new U8(DATA_SAVER_DISABLED));
@@ -235,6 +244,138 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testAddLocalNetAccessBeforeV() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () ->
+                mBpfNetMaps.addLocalNetAccess(0, TEST_IF_NAME, Inet6Address.ANY, 0, 0, true));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testAddLocalNetAccessAfterV() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetAccessMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.addLocalNetAccess(160, TEST_IF_NAME,
+                Inet4Address.getByName("196.68.0.0"), 0, 0, true);
+
+        assertNotNull(mLocalNetAccessMap.getValue(new LocalNetAccessKey(160, TEST_IF_INDEX,
+                Inet4Address.getByName("196.68.0.0"), 0, 0)));
+        assertNull(mLocalNetAccessMap.getValue(new LocalNetAccessKey(160, TEST_IF_INDEX,
+                Inet4Address.getByName("100.68.0.0"), 0, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testAddLocalNetAccessAfterVWithIncorrectInterface() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetAccessMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.addLocalNetAccess(160, "wlan2",
+                Inet4Address.getByName("196.68.0.0"), 0, 0, true);
+
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetAccessMap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testGetLocalNetAccessBeforeV() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () ->
+                mBpfNetMaps.getLocalNetAccess(0, TEST_IF_NAME, Inet6Address.ANY, 0, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testGetLocalNetAccessAfterV() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetAccessMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mLocalNetAccessMap.updateEntry(new LocalNetAccessKey(160, TEST_IF_INDEX,
+                Inet4Address.getByName("196.68.0.0"), 0, 0),
+                new Bool(false));
+
+        assertNotNull(mLocalNetAccessMap.getValue(new LocalNetAccessKey(160, TEST_IF_INDEX,
+                Inet4Address.getByName("196.68.0.0"), 0, 0)));
+
+        assertFalse(mBpfNetMaps.getLocalNetAccess(160, TEST_IF_NAME,
+                Inet4Address.getByName("196.68.0.0"), 0, 0));
+        assertTrue(mBpfNetMaps.getLocalNetAccess(160, TEST_IF_NAME,
+                Inet4Address.getByName("100.68.0.0"), 0, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testAddUidToLocalNetBlockMapBeforeV() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () ->
+                mBpfNetMaps.addUidToLocalNetBlockMap(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testIsUidPresentInLocalNetBlockMapBeforeV() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () ->
+                mBpfNetMaps.getUidValueFromLocalNetBlockMap(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testRemoveUidFromLocalNetBlockMapBeforeV() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () ->
+                mBpfNetMaps.removeUidFromLocalNetBlockMap(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testAddUidFromLocalNetBlockMapAfterV() throws Exception {
+        final int uid0 = TEST_UIDS[0];
+        final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
+
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetAccessMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.addUidToLocalNetBlockMap(uid0);
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
+        assertNull(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)));
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.addUidToLocalNetBlockMap(uid1);
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testIsUidPresentInLocalNetBlockMapAfterV() throws Exception {
+        final int uid0 = TEST_UIDS[0];
+        final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
+
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetAccessMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new Bool(true));
+        assertTrue(mBpfNetMaps.getUidValueFromLocalNetBlockMap(uid0));
+        assertFalse(mBpfNetMaps.getUidValueFromLocalNetBlockMap(uid1));
+
+        mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new Bool(true));
+        assertTrue(mBpfNetMaps.getUidValueFromLocalNetBlockMap(uid1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    public void testRemoveUidFromLocalNetBlockMapAfterV() throws Exception {
+        final int uid0 = TEST_UIDS[0];
+        final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
+
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetAccessMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new Bool(true));
+        mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid1), new Bool(true));
+
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)).val);
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.removeUidFromLocalNetBlockMap(uid0);
+        assertNull(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid0)));
+        assertTrue(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)).val);
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.removeUidFromLocalNetBlockMap(uid1);
+        assertNull(mLocalNetBlockedUidMap.getValue(new U32(uid1)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testIsChainEnabled() throws Exception {
         doTestIsChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/L2capNetworkProviderTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/L2capNetworkProviderTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a7515e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/L2capNetworkProviderTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE
+import android.net.L2capNetworkSpecifier.ROLE_SERVER
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH
+import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+
+const val TAG = "L2capNetworkProviderTest"
+
+val RESERVATION_CAPS = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+    .build()
+
+val RESERVATION = NetworkRequest(
+        NetworkCapabilities(RESERVATION_CAPS),
+        TYPE_NONE,
+        42 /* rId */,
+        NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION
+)
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class L2capNetworkProviderTest {
+    @Mock private lateinit var context: Context
+    @Mock private lateinit var deps: L2capNetworkProvider.Dependencies
+    @Mock private lateinit var provider: NetworkProvider
+    @Mock private lateinit var cm: ConnectivityManager
+    @Mock private lateinit var pm: PackageManager
+
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread("$TAG handler thread").apply { start() }
+    private val handler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+        doReturn(provider).`when`(deps).getNetworkProvider(any(), any())
+        doReturn(handlerThread).`when`(deps).getHandlerThread()
+        doReturn(cm).`when`(context).getSystemService(eq(ConnectivityManager::class.java))
+        doReturn(pm).`when`(context).getPackageManager()
+        doReturn(true).`when`(pm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkProvider_registeredWhenSupported() {
+        L2capNetworkProvider(deps, context).start()
+        verify(cm).registerNetworkProvider(eq(provider))
+        verify(provider).registerNetworkOffer(any(), any(), any(), any())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkProvider_notRegisteredWhenNotSupported() {
+        doReturn(false).`when`(pm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)
+        L2capNetworkProvider(deps, context).start()
+        verify(cm, never()).registerNetworkProvider(eq(provider))
+    }
+
+    fun doTestBlanketOfferIgnoresRequest(request: NetworkRequest) {
+        clearInvocations(provider)
+        L2capNetworkProvider(deps, context).start()
+
+        val blanketOfferCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkOfferCallback::class.java)
+        verify(provider).registerNetworkOffer(any(), any(), any(), blanketOfferCaptor.capture())
+
+        blanketOfferCaptor.value.onNetworkNeeded(request)
+        verify(provider).registerNetworkOffer(any(), any(), any(), any())
+    }
+
+    fun doTestBlanketOfferCreatesReservation(
+            request: NetworkRequest,
+            reservation: NetworkCapabilities
+    ) {
+        clearInvocations(provider)
+        L2capNetworkProvider(deps, context).start()
+
+        val blanketOfferCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkOfferCallback::class.java)
+        verify(provider).registerNetworkOffer(any(), any(), any(), blanketOfferCaptor.capture())
+
+        blanketOfferCaptor.value.onNetworkNeeded(request)
+
+        val capsCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities::class.java)
+        verify(provider, times(2)).registerNetworkOffer(any(), capsCaptor.capture(), any(), any())
+
+        assertTrue(reservation.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(capsCaptor.value))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlanketOffer_reservationWithoutSpecifier() {
+        val caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                .build()
+        val nr = NetworkRequest(caps, TYPE_NONE, 42 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION)
+
+        doTestBlanketOfferIgnoresRequest(nr)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlanketOffer_reservationWithCorrectSpecifier() {
+        var specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_6LOWPAN)
+                .build()
+        var caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+        var nr = NetworkRequest(caps, TYPE_NONE, 42 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION)
+        doTestBlanketOfferCreatesReservation(nr, caps)
+
+        specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE)
+                .build()
+        caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+        nr = NetworkRequest(caps, TYPE_NONE, 43 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION)
+        doTestBlanketOfferCreatesReservation(nr, caps)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlanketOffer_reservationWithIncorrectSpecifier() {
+        var specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder().build()
+        var caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+        var nr = NetworkRequest(caps, TYPE_NONE, 42 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION)
+        doTestBlanketOfferIgnoresRequest(nr)
+
+        specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                .build()
+        caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+        nr = NetworkRequest(caps, TYPE_NONE, 44 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION)
+        doTestBlanketOfferIgnoresRequest(nr)
+
+        specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setRole(ROLE_SERVER)
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE)
+                .setPsm(0x81)
+                .build()
+        caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+        nr = NetworkRequest(caps, TYPE_NONE, 45 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION)
+        doTestBlanketOfferIgnoresRequest(nr)
+
+        specifier = L2capNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setHeaderCompression(HEADER_COMPRESSION_NONE)
+                .build()
+        caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+        nr = NetworkRequest(caps, TYPE_NONE, 47 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION)
+        doTestBlanketOfferIgnoresRequest(nr)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index 5bde31a..55c68b7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.OBSERVE_GRANT_REVOKE_PERMISSIONS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
 import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_OEM;
 import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRODUCT;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.PermissionMonitor.isHigherNetworkPermission;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static junit.framework.Assert.fail;
 
@@ -1235,8 +1237,10 @@
         // Use the real context as this test must ensure the *real* system package holds the
         // necessary permission.
         final Context realContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
-        final PermissionMonitor monitor = new PermissionMonitor(
-                realContext, mNetdService, mBpfNetMaps, mHandlerThread);
+        final PermissionMonitor monitor = runAsShell(
+                OBSERVE_GRANT_REVOKE_PERMISSIONS,
+                () -> new PermissionMonitor(realContext, mNetdService, mBpfNetMaps, mHandlerThread)
+        );
         final PackageManager manager = realContext.getPackageManager();
         final PackageInfo systemInfo = manager.getPackageInfo(REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME,
                 GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkReservationTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkReservationTest.kt
index 7b6c995..e698930 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkReservationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkReservationTest.kt
@@ -17,12 +17,16 @@
 package com.android.server
 
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
-import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
 import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.NetworkScore
 import android.os.Build
@@ -35,16 +39,26 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkOfferCallback.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkNeeded
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
-
 private val ETHERNET_SCORE = NetworkScore.Builder().build()
 private val ETHERNET_CAPS = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
         .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
         .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
         .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
         .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+        .build()
+private val BLANKET_CAPS = NetworkCapabilities(ETHERNET_CAPS).apply {
+    reservationId = RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS
+}
+private val ETHERNET_REQUEST = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+        .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
         .build()
 
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000L
@@ -53,42 +67,53 @@
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class CSNetworkReservationTest : CSTest() {
+    private lateinit var provider: NetworkProvider
+    private val blanketOffer = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+    @Before
+    fun subclassSetUp() {
+        provider = NetworkProvider(context, csHandlerThread.looper, "Ethernet provider")
+        cm.registerNetworkProvider(provider)
+
+        // register a blanket offer for use in tests.
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, BLANKET_CAPS, blanketOffer)
+    }
+
     fun NetworkCapabilities.copyWithReservationId(resId: Int) = NetworkCapabilities(this).also {
         it.reservationId = resId
     }
 
+    fun NetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(
+            score: NetworkScore,
+            caps: NetworkCapabilities,
+            cb: NetworkOfferCallback
+    ) {
+        registerNetworkOffer(score, caps, {r -> r.run()}, cb)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testReservationRequest() {
-        val provider = NetworkProvider(context, csHandlerThread.looper, "Ethernet provider")
-        val blanketOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
-
-        cm.registerNetworkProvider(provider)
-
-        val blanketCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS)
-        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, blanketCaps, {r -> r.run()}, blanketOfferCb)
-
-        val req = NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET).build()
         val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
-        cm.reserveNetwork(req, csHandler, cb)
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb)
 
         // validate the reservation matches the blanket offer.
-        val reservationReq = blanketOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(blanketCaps).request
+        val reservationReq = blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS).request
         val reservationId = reservationReq.networkCapabilities.reservationId
 
-        // bring up specific reservation offer
-        val specificCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
-        val specificOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
-        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, specificCaps, {r -> r.run()}, specificOfferCb)
+        // bring up reserved reservation offer
+        val reservedOfferCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
+        val reservedOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, reservedOfferCaps, reservedOfferCb)
 
         // validate onReserved was sent to the app
-        val reservedCaps = cb.expect<Reserved>().caps
-        assertEquals(specificCaps, reservedCaps)
+        val onReservedCaps = cb.expect<Reserved>().caps
+        assertEquals(reservedOfferCaps, onReservedCaps)
 
-        // validate the reservation matches the specific offer.
-        specificOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(specificCaps)
+        // validate the reservation matches the reserved offer.
+        reservedOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(reservedOfferCaps)
 
-        // Specific offer goes away
-        provider.unregisterNetworkOffer(specificOfferCb)
+        // reserved offer goes away
+        provider.unregisterNetworkOffer(reservedOfferCb)
         cb.expect<Unavailable>()
     }
 
@@ -101,19 +126,168 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testReservationRequest_notDeliveredToRegularOffer() {
-        val provider = NetworkProvider(context, csHandlerThread.looper, "Ethernet provider")
         val offerCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
-
-        cm.registerNetworkProvider(provider)
         provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, ETHERNET_CAPS, {r -> r.run()}, offerCb)
 
-        val req = NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET).build()
         val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
-        cm.reserveNetwork(req, csHandler, cb)
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb)
 
         // validate the offer does not receive onNetworkNeeded for reservation request
         offerCb.expectNoCallbackWhere {
             it is OnNetworkNeeded && it.request.type == NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservedOffer_preventReservationIdUpdate() {
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb)
+
+        // validate the reservation matches the blanket offer.
+        val reservationReq = blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS).request
+        val reservationId = reservationReq.networkCapabilities.reservationId
+
+        // bring up reserved offer
+        val reservedCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
+        val reservedOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, reservedCaps, reservedOfferCb)
+
+        cb.expect<Reserved>()
+        reservedOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(reservedCaps)
+
+        // try to update the offer's reservationId by reusing the same callback object.
+        // first file a new request to try and match the offer later.
+        val cb2 = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb2)
+
+        val reservationReq2 = blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS).request
+        val reservationId2 = reservationReq2.networkCapabilities.reservationId
+
+        // try to update the offer's reservationId to an existing reservationId.
+        val updatedCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId2)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, updatedCaps, reservedOfferCb)
+
+        // validate the original offer disappeared.
+        cb.expect<Unavailable>()
+        // validate the new offer was rejected by CS.
+        reservedOfferCb.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(reservedCaps)
+        // validate cb2 never sees onReserved().
+        cb2.assertNoCallback()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservedOffer_capabilitiesCannotBeUpdated() {
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb)
+
+        val reservationReq = blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS).request
+        val reservationId = reservationReq.networkCapabilities.reservationId
+
+        val reservedCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
+        val reservedOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, reservedCaps, reservedOfferCb)
+
+        cb.expect<Reserved>()
+        reservedOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(reservedCaps)
+
+        // update reserved offer capabilities
+        val updatedCaps = NetworkCapabilities(reservedCaps).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, updatedCaps, reservedOfferCb)
+
+        cb.expect<Unavailable>()
+        reservedOfferCb.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(reservedCaps)
+        reservedOfferCb.assertNoCallback()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBlanketOffer_updateAllowed() {
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb)
+        blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS)
+
+        val updatedCaps = NetworkCapabilities(BLANKET_CAPS).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, updatedCaps, blanketOffer)
+        blanketOffer.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // Note: NetworkRequest.Builder(NetworkRequest) *does not* perform a defensive copy but
+        // changes the underlying request.
+        val p2pRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder(NetworkRequest(ETHERNET_REQUEST))
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P)
+                .build()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(p2pRequest, csHandler, cb)
+        blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(updatedCaps)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservationOffer_onlyAllowSingleOffer() {
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb)
+
+        val reservationReq = blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS).request
+        val reservationId = reservationReq.networkCapabilities.reservationId
+
+        val offerCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val caps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, caps, offerCb)
+        offerCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(caps)
+        cb.expect<Reserved>()
+
+        val newOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, caps, newOfferCb)
+        newOfferCb.assertNoCallback()
+        cb.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // File a regular request and validate only the old offer gets onNetworkNeeded.
+        val cb2 = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, cb2, csHandler)
+        offerCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(caps)
+        newOfferCb.assertNoCallback()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservationOffer_updateScore() {
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, csHandler, cb)
+
+        val reservationReq = blanketOffer.expectOnNetworkNeeded(BLANKET_CAPS).request
+        val reservationId = reservationReq.networkCapabilities.reservationId
+
+        val reservedCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
+        val reservedOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, reservedCaps, reservedOfferCb)
+        reservedOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(reservedCaps)
+        reservedOfferCb.assertNoCallback()
+        cb.expect<Reserved>()
+
+        // update reserved offer capabilities
+        val newScore = NetworkScore.Builder().setShouldYieldToBadWifi(true).build()
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(newScore, reservedCaps, reservedOfferCb)
+        cb.assertNoCallback()
+
+        val cb2 = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, cb2, csHandler)
+        reservedOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(reservedCaps)
+        reservedOfferCb.assertNoCallback()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservationOffer_regularOfferCanBeUpdated() {
+        val offerCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, ETHERNET_CAPS, offerCb)
+
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, cb, csHandler)
+        offerCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ETHERNET_CAPS)
+        offerCb.assertNoCallback()
+
+        val updatedCaps = NetworkCapabilities(ETHERNET_CAPS).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P)
+        val newScore = NetworkScore.Builder().setShouldYieldToBadWifi(true).build()
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(newScore, updatedCaps, offerCb)
+        offerCb.assertNoCallback()
+
+        val cb2 = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(ETHERNET_REQUEST, cb2, csHandler)
+        offerCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ETHERNET_CAPS)
+        offerCb.assertNoCallback()
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java
index e6aba22..533bbf8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTrackerTest.java
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
         initMockResources();
         doReturn(false).when(mFactory).updateInterfaceLinkState(anyString(), anyBoolean());
         doReturn(new String[0]).when(mNetd).interfaceGetList();
+        doReturn(new String[0]).when(mFactory).getAvailableInterfaces(anyBoolean());
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(THREAD_NAME);
         mHandlerThread.start();
         tracker = new EthernetTracker(mContext, mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler(), mFactory, mNetd,
@@ -166,9 +167,10 @@
                 EthernetTracker.parseStaticIpConfiguration(configAsString));
     }
 
-    private NetworkCapabilities.Builder makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(boolean clearAll) {
+    private NetworkCapabilities.Builder makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(boolean clearDefaults) {
         final NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder =
-                clearAll ? NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
+                clearDefaults
+                        ? NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities()
                         : new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
         return builder.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
                 .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
@@ -176,21 +178,20 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Test: Attempt to create a capabilties with various valid sets of capabilities/transports
+     * Test: Attempt to create a capabilities with various valid sets of capabilities/transports
      */
     @Test
     public void createNetworkCapabilities() {
-
         // Particularly common expected results
-        NetworkCapabilities defaultEthernetCleared =
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearAll */)
+        NetworkCapabilities defaultCapabilities =
+                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(false /* clearDefaults */)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
                         .build();
 
         NetworkCapabilities ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps =
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearAll */)
+                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearDefaults */)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
@@ -200,89 +201,71 @@
                         .addCapability(15)
                         .build();
 
-        // Empty capabilities and transports lists with a "please clear defaults" should
-        // yield an empty capabilities set with TRANPORT_ETHERNET
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultEthernetCleared, true, "", "");
+        // Empty capabilities and transports should return the default capabilities set
+        // with TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultCapabilities, "", "");
 
-        // Empty capabilities and transports without the clear defaults flag should return the
-        // default capabilities set with TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(false /* clearAll */)
-                        .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
-                        .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
-                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
-                        .build(),
-                false, "", "");
-
-        // A list of capabilities without the clear defaults flag should return the default
-        // capabilities, mixed with the desired capabilities, and TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(false /* clearAll */)
-                        .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
-                        .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
-                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
-                        .addCapability(11)
-                        .addCapability(12)
-                        .build(),
-                false, "11,12", "");
-
-        // Adding a list of capabilities with a clear defaults will leave exactly those capabilities
-        // with a default TRANSPORT_ETHERNET since no overrides are specified
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, true, "12,13,14,15", "");
+        // Adding a list of capabilities will leave exactly those capabilities with a default
+        // TRANSPORT_ETHERNET since no overrides are specified
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, "12,13,14,15", "");
 
         // Adding any invalid capabilities to the list will cause them to be ignored
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, true, "12,13,14,15,65,73", "");
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, true, "12,13,14,15,abcdefg", "");
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, "12,13,14,15,65,73", "");
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, "12,13,14,15,abcdefg", "");
 
         // Adding a valid override transport will remove the default TRANSPORT_ETHERNET transport
-        // and apply only the override to the capabiltities object
+        // and apply only the override to the capabilities object
         assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearAll */)
+                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(false /* clearDefaults */)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .addTransportType(0)
                         .build(),
-                true, "", "0");
+                "",
+                "0");
         assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearAll */)
+                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(false /* clearDefaults */)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .addTransportType(1)
                         .build(),
-                true, "", "1");
+                "",
+                "1");
         assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearAll */)
+                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(false /* clearDefaults */)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .addTransportType(2)
                         .build(),
-                true, "", "2");
+                "",
+                "2");
         assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearAll */)
+                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(false /* clearDefaults */)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .addTransportType(3)
                         .build(),
-                true, "", "3");
+                "",
+                "3");
 
-        // "4" is TRANSPORT_VPN, which is unsupported. Should default back to TRANPORT_ETHERNET
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultEthernetCleared, true, "", "4");
+        // "4" is TRANSPORT_VPN, which is unsupported. Should default back to TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultCapabilities, "", "4");
 
         // "5" is TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE, which is currently supported due to no legacy TYPE_NONE
         // conversion. When that becomes available, this test must be updated
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultEthernetCleared, true, "", "5");
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultCapabilities, "", "5");
 
         // "6" is TRANSPORT_LOWPAN, which is currently supported due to no legacy TYPE_NONE
         // conversion. When that becomes available, this test must be updated
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultEthernetCleared, true, "", "6");
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultCapabilities, "", "6");
 
         // Adding an invalid override transport will leave the transport as TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultEthernetCleared,true, "", "100");
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultEthernetCleared, true, "", "abcdefg");
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultCapabilities, "", "100");
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(defaultCapabilities, "", "abcdefg");
 
         // Ensure the adding of both capabilities and transports work
         assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
-                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearAll */)
+                makeEthernetCapabilitiesBuilder(true /* clearDefaults */)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(100000)
                         .addCapability(12)
@@ -291,17 +274,21 @@
                         .addCapability(15)
                         .addTransportType(3)
                         .build(),
-                true, "12,13,14,15", "3");
+                "12,13,14,15",
+                "3");
 
         // Ensure order does not matter for capability list
-        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, true, "13,12,15,14", "");
+        assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(ethernetClearedWithCommonCaps, "13,12,15,14", "");
     }
 
-    private void assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities expectedNetworkCapabilities,
-            boolean clearCapabilties, String configCapabiltiies,String configTransports) {
-        assertEquals(expectedNetworkCapabilities,
-                EthernetTracker.createNetworkCapabilities(clearCapabilties, configCapabiltiies,
-                        configTransports).build());
+    private void assertParsedNetworkCapabilities(
+            NetworkCapabilities expectedNetworkCapabilities,
+            String configCapabiltiies,
+            String configTransports) {
+        assertEquals(
+                expectedNetworkCapabilities,
+                EthernetTracker.createNetworkCapabilities(configCapabiltiies, configTransports)
+                        .build());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/L2capPacketForwarderTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/L2capPacketForwarderTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3095ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/L2capPacketForwarderTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net
+
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNIX
+import android.system.OsConstants.SHUT_RD
+import android.system.OsConstants.SHUT_WR
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_SEQPACKET
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET
+import android.system.OsConstants.SO_RCVTIMEO
+import android.system.OsConstants.SO_SNDTIMEO
+import android.system.StructTimeval
+import com.android.server.net.L2capPacketForwarder.BluetoothSocketWrapper
+import com.android.server.net.L2capPacketForwarder.FdWrapper
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.io.InputStream
+import java.io.OutputStream
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import kotlin.arrayOf
+import kotlin.random.Random
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+
+private const val TIMEOUT = 1000L
+
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class L2capPacketForwarderTest {
+    private lateinit var forwarder: L2capPacketForwarder
+    private val tunFds = arrayOf(FileDescriptor(), FileDescriptor())
+    private val l2capFds = arrayOf(FileDescriptor(), FileDescriptor())
+    private lateinit var l2capInputStream: BluetoothL2capInputStream
+    private lateinit var l2capOutputStream: BluetoothL2capOutputStream
+    @Mock private lateinit var bluetoothSocket: BluetoothSocket
+    @Mock private lateinit var callback: L2capPacketForwarder.ICallback
+
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread("L2capPacketForwarderTest thread").apply { start() }
+    private val handler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
+
+    /** Imitates the behavior of an L2CAP BluetoothSocket */
+    private class BluetoothL2capInputStream(
+        val fd: FileDescriptor,
+    ) : InputStream() {
+        val l2capBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(ByteArray(0xffff)).apply {
+            limit(0)
+        }
+
+        override fun read(): Int {
+            throw NotImplementedError("b/391623333: not implemented correctly for L2cap sockets")
+        }
+
+        /** See BluetoothSocket#read(buf, off, len) */
+        override fun read(b: ByteArray, off: Int, len: Int): Int {
+            // If no more bytes are remaining, read from the fd into the intermediate buffer.
+            if (l2capBuffer.remaining() == 0) {
+                // fillL2capRxBuffer()
+                // refill buffer and return - 1
+                val backingArray = l2capBuffer.array()
+                var bytesRead = 0
+                try {
+                    bytesRead = Os.read(fd, backingArray, 0 /*off*/, backingArray.size)
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    // read failed, timed out, or was interrupted
+                    // InputStream throws IOException
+                    throw IOException(e)
+                }
+                l2capBuffer.rewind()
+                l2capBuffer.limit(bytesRead)
+            }
+
+            val bytesToRead = if (len > l2capBuffer.remaining()) l2capBuffer.remaining() else len
+            l2capBuffer.get(b, off, bytesToRead)
+            return bytesToRead
+        }
+
+        override fun available(): Int {
+            throw NotImplementedError("b/391623333: not implemented correctly for L2cap sockets")
+        }
+
+        override fun close() {
+            try {
+                Os.shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD)
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                // InputStream throws IOException
+                throw IOException(e)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Imitates the behavior of an L2CAP BluetoothSocket */
+    private class BluetoothL2capOutputStream(
+        val fd: FileDescriptor,
+    ) : OutputStream() {
+
+        override fun write(b: Int) {
+            throw NotImplementedError("This method does not maintain packet boundaries, do not use")
+        }
+
+        /** See BluetoothSocket#write(buf, off, len) */
+        override fun write(b: ByteArray, off: Int, len: Int) {
+            try {
+                Os.write(fd, b, off, len)
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                // OutputStream throws IOException
+                throw IOException(e)
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun close() {
+            try {
+                Os.shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR)
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                // OutputStream throws IOException
+                throw IOException(e)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+
+        Os.socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, tunFds[0], tunFds[1])
+        Os.socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, l2capFds[0], l2capFds[1])
+
+        // Set socket i/o timeout for test end.
+        Os.setsockoptTimeval(tunFds[1], SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(5000))
+        Os.setsockoptTimeval(tunFds[1], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(5000))
+        Os.setsockoptTimeval(l2capFds[1], SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(5000))
+        Os.setsockoptTimeval(l2capFds[1], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(5000))
+
+        l2capInputStream = BluetoothL2capInputStream(l2capFds[0])
+        l2capOutputStream = BluetoothL2capOutputStream(l2capFds[0])
+        doReturn(l2capInputStream).`when`(bluetoothSocket).getInputStream()
+        doReturn(l2capOutputStream).`when`(bluetoothSocket).getOutputStream()
+        doAnswer({
+            l2capInputStream.close()
+            l2capOutputStream.close()
+            try {
+                // libcore's Linux_close properly invalidates the FileDescriptor, so it is safe to
+                // close multiple times.
+                Os.close(l2capFds[0])
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                // BluetoothSocket#close can be called multiple times. Catch EBADF on subsequent
+                // invocations.
+            }
+        }).`when`(bluetoothSocket).close()
+
+        forwarder = L2capPacketForwarder(
+                handler,
+                FdWrapper(ParcelFileDescriptor(tunFds[0])),
+                BluetoothSocketWrapper(bluetoothSocket),
+                callback
+        )
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        if (::forwarder.isInitialized) {
+            // forwarder closes tunFds[0] and l2capFds[0]
+            forwarder.tearDown()
+        } else {
+            Os.close(tunFds[0])
+            Os.close(l2capFds[0])
+        }
+        Os.close(tunFds[1])
+        Os.close(l2capFds[1])
+
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+    }
+
+    fun sendPacket(fd: FileDescriptor, size: Int = 1280): ByteArray {
+        val packet = ByteArray(size)
+        Random.nextBytes(packet)
+        Os.write(fd, packet, 0 /*off*/, packet.size)
+        return packet
+    }
+
+    fun assertPacketReceived(fd: FileDescriptor, expected: ByteArray) {
+        val readBuffer = ByteArray(expected.size)
+        Os.read(fd, readBuffer, 0 /*off*/, readBuffer.size)
+        assertThat(readBuffer).isEqualTo(expected)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testForwarding_withoutHeaderCompression() {
+        var packet = sendPacket(l2capFds[1])
+        var packet2 = sendPacket(l2capFds[1])
+        assertPacketReceived(tunFds[1], packet)
+        assertPacketReceived(tunFds[1], packet2)
+
+        packet = sendPacket(tunFds[1])
+        packet2 = sendPacket(tunFds[1])
+        assertPacketReceived(l2capFds[1], packet)
+        assertPacketReceived(l2capFds[1], packet2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testForwarding_packetExceedsMtu() {
+        // Reading from tun drops packets that exceed MTU.
+        // drop
+        sendPacket(tunFds[1], L2capPacketForwarder.MTU + 1)
+        // drop
+        sendPacket(tunFds[1], L2capPacketForwarder.MTU + 42)
+        var packet = sendPacket(l2capFds[1], 1280)
+        assertPacketReceived(tunFds[1], packet)
+
+        // On the BluetoothSocket side, reads that exceed MTU stop forwarding.
+        sendPacket(l2capFds[1], L2capPacketForwarder.MTU + 1)
+        verify(callback, timeout(TIMEOUT)).onError()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
index 50971e7..1a833e1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
-        "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
+        "libserviceconnectivityjni",
         "libtcutils",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp b/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
index a0ce4f8..f70b04b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
-int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni(JNIEnv *env,
                                                       char const *class_name);
 
 extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
     if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(env,
             "android/net/frameworktests/util/TcUtils") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
 
-    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(
-            env, "android/net/frameworktests/util/TimerFdUtils") < 0)
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_ServiceConnectivityJni(
+            env, "android/net/frameworktests/util/ServiceConnectivityJni") < 0)
       return JNI_ERR;
 
     return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index c55096b..af16d19 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -623,12 +623,17 @@
         mNat64CidrController.maybeUpdateNat64Cidr();
     }
 
-    private static OtDaemonConfiguration newOtDaemonConfig(
-            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration threadConfig) {
+    private OtDaemonConfiguration newOtDaemonConfig(ThreadConfiguration threadConfig) {
+        int srpServerConfig = R.bool.config_thread_srp_server_wait_for_border_routing_enabled;
+        boolean srpServerWaitEnabled = mResources.get().getBoolean(srpServerConfig);
+        int autoJoinConfig = R.bool.config_thread_border_router_auto_join_enabled;
+        boolean autoJoinEnabled = mResources.get().getBoolean(autoJoinConfig);
         return new OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder()
                 .setBorderRouterEnabled(threadConfig.isBorderRouterEnabled())
                 .setNat64Enabled(threadConfig.isNat64Enabled())
                 .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(threadConfig.isDhcpv6PdEnabled())
+                .setSrpServerWaitForBorderRoutingEnabled(srpServerWaitEnabled)
+                .setBorderRouterAutoJoinEnabled(autoJoinEnabled)
                 .build();
     }
 
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
index 316f570..801e21e 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.system.OsConstants
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMP
+import android.util.Log
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow
 import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils
@@ -84,6 +85,8 @@
 
 /** Utilities for Thread integration tests. */
 object IntegrationTestUtils {
+    private val TAG = IntegrationTestUtils::class.simpleName
+
     // The timeout of join() after restarting ot-daemon. The device needs to send 6 Link Request
     // every 5 seconds, followed by 4 Parent Request every second. So this value needs to be 40
     // seconds to be safe
@@ -483,6 +486,7 @@
         val serviceInfoFuture = CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo>()
         val listener: NsdManager.DiscoveryListener = object : DefaultDiscoveryListener() {
             override fun onServiceFound(serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "onServiceFound: $serviceInfo")
                 serviceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo)
             }
         }
@@ -530,6 +534,7 @@
         val resolvedServiceInfoFuture = CompletableFuture<NsdServiceInfo>()
         val callback: NsdManager.ServiceInfoCallback = object : DefaultServiceInfoCallback() {
             override fun onServiceUpdated(serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "onServiceUpdated: $serviceInfo")
                 if (predicate.test(serviceInfo)) {
                     resolvedServiceInfoFuture.complete(serviceInfo)
                 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
index dcbb3f5..bc8da8b 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
@@ -231,6 +231,11 @@
 
         when(mConnectivityResources.get()).thenReturn(mResources);
         when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(
+                        eq(R.bool.config_thread_srp_server_wait_for_border_routing_enabled)))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_border_router_auto_join_enabled)))
+                .thenReturn(true);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui)))
@@ -285,6 +290,11 @@
 
     @Test
     public void initialize_resourceOverlayValuesAreSetToOtDaemon() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(
+                        eq(R.bool.config_thread_srp_server_wait_for_border_routing_enabled)))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_border_router_auto_join_enabled)))
+                .thenReturn(false);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui)))
@@ -297,6 +307,8 @@
         mService.initialize();
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getConfiguration().srpServerWaitForBorderRoutingEnabled).isFalse();
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.getConfiguration().borderRouterAutoJoinEnabled).isFalse();
         MeshcopTxtAttributes meshcopTxts = mFakeOtDaemon.getOverriddenMeshcopTxtAttributes();
         assertThat(meshcopTxts.vendorName).isEqualTo(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
         assertThat(meshcopTxts.vendorOui).isEqualTo(TEST_VENDOR_OUI_BYTES);