diff --git a/Tethering/Android.bp b/Tethering/Android.bp
index 28edc8a..bfba5cd 100644
--- a/Tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/Android.bp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
         "modules-utils-build",
         "modules-utils-statemachine",
         "networkstack-client",
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/manifest.json b/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
index 3cb03ed..5d5ede6 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
+++ b/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "com.android.tethering",
-  "version": 339990000
+
+  // Placeholder module version to be replaced during build.
+  // Do not change!
+  "version": 0
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index b865a8e..18ef631 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.TetherStatsValue;
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index 0683e5e..fd9dab5 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
 
 import android.net.MacAddress;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.TetherStatsKey;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index 437ed71..da7ca56 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer;
 import android.net.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
 import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon.RaParams;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
@@ -64,6 +63,7 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.ClientInfo;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 1368eee..133ae01 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -44,14 +44,12 @@
 import android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEventConsumer;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
-import android.util.Base64;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
@@ -61,10 +59,12 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
@@ -125,9 +125,6 @@
     private static final String DUMPSYS_RAWMAP_ARG_STATS = "--stats";
     private static final String DUMPSYS_RAWMAP_ARG_UPSTREAM4 = "--upstream4";
 
-    // Using "," as a separator is safe because base64 characters are [0-9a-zA-Z/=+].
-    private static final String DUMP_BASE64_DELIMITER = ",";
-
     /** The names of all the BPF counters defined in bpf_tethering.h. */
     public static final String[] sBpfCounterNames = getBpfCounterNames();
 
@@ -1080,18 +1077,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private <K extends Struct, V extends Struct> String bpfMapEntryToBase64String(
-            final K key, final V value) {
-        final byte[] keyBytes = key.writeToBytes();
-        final String keyBase64Str = Base64.encodeToString(keyBytes, Base64.DEFAULT)
-                .replace("\n", "");
-        final byte[] valueBytes = value.writeToBytes();
-        final String valueBase64Str = Base64.encodeToString(valueBytes, Base64.DEFAULT)
-                .replace("\n", "");
-
-        return keyBase64Str + DUMP_BASE64_DELIMITER + valueBase64Str;
-    }
-
     private <K extends Struct, V extends Struct> void dumpRawMap(BpfMap<K, V> map,
             IndentingPrintWriter pw) throws ErrnoException {
         if (map == null) {
@@ -1102,14 +1087,20 @@
             pw.println("No entries");
             return;
         }
-        map.forEach((k, v) -> pw.println(bpfMapEntryToBase64String(k, v)));
+        map.forEach((k, v) -> pw.println(BpfDump.toBase64EncodedString(k, v)));
     }
 
     /**
-     * Dump raw BPF map in base64 encoded strings. For test only.
-     * Only allow to dump one map path once.
-     * Format:
+     * Dump raw BPF map into the base64 encoded strings "<base64 key>,<base64 value>".
+     * Allow to dump only one map path once. For test only.
+     *
+     * Usage:
      * $ dumpsys tethering bpfRawMap --<map name>
+     *
+     * Output:
+     * <base64 encoded key #1>,<base64 encoded value #1>
+     * <base64 encoded key #2>,<base64 encoded value #2>
+     * ..
      */
     public void dumpRawMap(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw, @Nullable String[] args) {
         // TODO: consider checking the arg order that <map name> is after "bpfRawMap". Probably
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
index adc95ab..741af5c 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Parcel;
@@ -55,6 +54,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.BitSet;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinator.java
index f3dcaa2..ab3929d 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinator.java
@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java
index d60c21d..94684af 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
@@ -53,6 +52,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkSocket;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
index 9da66d8..fbb342d 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.NetworkProtocol;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.OffloadCallbackEvent;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.ITetheringOffloadCallback;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.NativeHandle;
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkSocket;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNfGenMsg;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index f613b73..47b1bd7 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@
 import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.net.shared.NetdUtils;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pGroup;
@@ -136,6 +135,7 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
index 7c36054..696a970 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -42,6 +41,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
index 8e0354d..611d1cf 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.BluetoothPanShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
index f8dd673..16c031b 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ConnectivityManagerShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index 31c3df3..ca8d3de 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
         "net-tests-utils",
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
         "testables",
+        "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.test.runner",
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 7ccb7f5..ef4f052 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump.BASE64_DELIMITER;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivityUtils.isIPv6ULA;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.dumpHexString;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV4;
@@ -156,7 +157,6 @@
     private static final String DUMPSYS_TETHERING_RAWMAP_ARG = "bpfRawMap";
     private static final String DUMPSYS_RAWMAP_ARG_STATS = "--stats";
     private static final String DUMPSYS_RAWMAP_ARG_UPSTREAM4 = "--upstream4";
-    private static final String BASE64_DELIMITER = ",";
     private static final String LINE_DELIMITER = "\\n";
 
     // version=6, traffic class=0x0, flowlabel=0x0;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConntrackSocketTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConntrackSocketTest.java
index 7ee69b2..d38a7c3 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConntrackSocketTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConntrackSocketTest.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Looper;
@@ -38,6 +37,7 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index bf7e887..ef143de 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@
 import android.net.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
 import android.net.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer;
 import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon.RaParams;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -101,6 +100,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.TetherStatsKey;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index 3630f24..20a222d 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@
 import android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor;
 import android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEventConsumer;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
@@ -100,6 +99,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.TetherStatsKey;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
index 01d7b4b..e4263db 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
@@ -82,6 +81,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import org.junit.After;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/FakeTetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/FakeTetheringConfiguration.java
index ac5c59d..95ec38f 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/FakeTetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/FakeTetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 /** FakeTetheringConfiguration is used to override static method for testing. */
 public class FakeTetheringConfiguration extends TetheringConfiguration {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest.java
index f2b5314..865228a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -41,11 +41,12 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
index 8ef0c76..faca1c8 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
@@ -79,6 +78,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
index d1891ed..36b439b 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.NetworkProtocol;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.ITetheringOffloadCallback;
 import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.OffloadCallbackEvent;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.NativeHandle;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
@@ -55,6 +54,7 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNfGenMsg;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
index 3190f35..1a12125 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
@@ -63,6 +62,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 773cae3..cc80174 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -156,7 +156,6 @@
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon;
 import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
@@ -189,6 +188,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
index 97cebd8..9b9507b 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
@@ -60,6 +59,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.util.State;
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.NetworkRequestInfo;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.TestNetworkAgent;
 
diff --git a/common/Android.bp b/common/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..729ef32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/*.java",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
+    visibility: [
+        // Do not add any lib. This library is only shared inside connectivity module
+        // and its tests.
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "net-utils-device-common-struct",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12200ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+
+/** Key type for clat egress IPv4 maps. */
+public class ClatEgress4Key extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long iif; // The input interface index
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv4Address)
+    public final Inet4Address local4; // The source IPv4 address
+
+    public ClatEgress4Key(final long iif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+        this.iif = iif;
+        this.local4 = local4;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c10cb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+
+/** Value type for clat egress IPv4 maps. */
+public class ClatEgress4Value extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long oif; // The output interface to redirect to
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
+    public final Inet6Address local6; // The full 128-bits of the source IPv6 address
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
+    public final Inet6Address pfx96; // The destination /96 nat64 prefix, bottom 32 bits must be 0
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
+    public final short oifIsEthernet; // Whether the output interface requires ethernet header
+
+    public ClatEgress4Value(final long oif, final Inet6Address local6, final Inet6Address pfx96,
+            final short oifIsEthernet) {
+        this.oif = oif;
+        this.local6 = local6;
+        this.pfx96 = pfx96;
+        this.oifIsEthernet = oifIsEthernet;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e2f4e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+
+/** Key type for clat ingress IPv6 maps. */
+public class ClatIngress6Key extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long iif; // The input interface index
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
+    public final Inet6Address pfx96; // The source /96 nat64 prefix, bottom 32 bits must be 0
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
+    public final Inet6Address local6; // The full 128-bits of the destination IPv6 address
+
+    public ClatIngress6Key(final long iif, final Inet6Address pfx96, final Inet6Address local6) {
+        this.iif = iif;
+        this.pfx96 = pfx96;
+        this.local6 = local6;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfec44f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+
+/** Value type for clat ingress IPv6 maps. */
+public class ClatIngress6Value extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long oif; // The output interface to redirect to (0 means don't redirect)
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv4Address)
+    public final Inet4Address local4; // The destination IPv4 address
+
+    public ClatIngress6Value(final long oif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+        this.oif = oif;
+        this.local4 = local4;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/Tether4Key.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/Tether4Key.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638576f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/Tether4Key.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** Key type for downstream & upstream IPv4 forwarding maps. */
+public class Tether4Key extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long iif;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48)
+    public final MacAddress dstMac;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
+    public final short l4proto;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 4)
+    public final byte[] src4;
+
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 4)
+    public final byte[] dst4;
+
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int srcPort;
+
+    @Field(order = 6, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int dstPort;
+
+    public Tether4Key(final long iif, @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac, final short l4proto,
+            final byte[] src4, final byte[] dst4, final int srcPort,
+            final int dstPort) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(dstMac);
+
+        this.iif = iif;
+        this.dstMac = dstMac;
+        this.l4proto = l4proto;
+        this.src4 = src4;
+        this.dst4 = dst4;
+        this.srcPort = srcPort;
+        this.dstPort = dstPort;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        try {
+            return String.format(
+                    "iif: %d, dstMac: %s, l4proto: %d, src4: %s, dst4: %s, "
+                            + "srcPort: %d, dstPort: %d",
+                    iif, dstMac, l4proto,
+                    Inet4Address.getByAddress(src4), Inet4Address.getByAddress(dst4),
+                    Short.toUnsignedInt((short) srcPort), Short.toUnsignedInt((short) dstPort));
+        } catch (UnknownHostException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return String.format("Invalid IP address", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/Tether4Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/Tether4Value.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de98766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/Tether4Value.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** Value type for downstream & upstream IPv4 forwarding maps. */
+public class Tether4Value extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long oif;
+
+    // The ethhdr struct which is defined in uapi/linux/if_ether.h
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48)
+    public final MacAddress ethDstMac;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.EUI48)
+    public final MacAddress ethSrcMac;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int ethProto;  // Packet type ID field.
+
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int pmtu;
+
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] src46;
+
+    @Field(order = 6, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] dst46;
+
+    @Field(order = 7, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int srcPort;
+
+    @Field(order = 8, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int dstPort;
+
+    // TODO: consider using U64.
+    @Field(order = 9, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long lastUsed;
+
+    public Tether4Value(final long oif, @NonNull final MacAddress ethDstMac,
+            @NonNull final MacAddress ethSrcMac, final int ethProto, final int pmtu,
+            final byte[] src46, final byte[] dst46, final int srcPort,
+            final int dstPort, final long lastUsed) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ethDstMac);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ethSrcMac);
+
+        this.oif = oif;
+        this.ethDstMac = ethDstMac;
+        this.ethSrcMac = ethSrcMac;
+        this.ethProto = ethProto;
+        this.pmtu = pmtu;
+        this.src46 = src46;
+        this.dst46 = dst46;
+        this.srcPort = srcPort;
+        this.dstPort = dstPort;
+        this.lastUsed = lastUsed;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        try {
+            return String.format(
+                    "oif: %d, ethDstMac: %s, ethSrcMac: %s, ethProto: %d, pmtu: %d, "
+                            + "src46: %s, dst46: %s, srcPort: %d, dstPort: %d, "
+                            + "lastUsed: %d",
+                    oif, ethDstMac, ethSrcMac, ethProto, pmtu,
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(src46), InetAddress.getByAddress(dst46),
+                    Short.toUnsignedInt((short) srcPort), Short.toUnsignedInt((short) dstPort),
+                    lastUsed);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return String.format("Invalid IP address", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6d595b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for tethering stats. */
+public class TetherStatsKey extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long ifindex;  // upstream interface index
+
+    public TetherStatsKey(final long ifindex) {
+        this.ifindex = ifindex;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsKey)) return false;
+
+        final TetherStatsKey that = (TetherStatsKey) obj;
+
+        return ifindex == that.ifindex;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Long.hashCode(ifindex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("ifindex: %d", ifindex);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..028d217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.bpf;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for tethering stats. */
+public class TetherStatsValue extends Struct {
+    // Use the signed long variable to store the uint64 stats from stats BPF map.
+    // U63 is enough for each data element even at 5Gbps for ~468 years.
+    // 2^63 / (5 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000) * 8 / 86400 / 365 = 468.
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxPackets;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxBytes;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxErrors;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txPackets;
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txBytes;
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txErrors;
+
+    public TetherStatsValue(final long rxPackets, final long rxBytes, final long rxErrors,
+            final long txPackets, final long txBytes, final long txErrors) {
+        this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        this.rxErrors = rxErrors;
+        this.txPackets = txPackets;
+        this.txBytes = txBytes;
+        this.txErrors = txErrors;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsValue)) return false;
+
+        final TetherStatsValue that = (TetherStatsValue) obj;
+
+        return rxPackets == that.rxPackets
+                && rxBytes == that.rxBytes
+                && rxErrors == that.rxErrors
+                && txPackets == that.txPackets
+                && txBytes == that.txBytes
+                && txErrors == that.txErrors;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Long.hashCode(rxPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(rxBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(rxErrors)
+                ^ Long.hashCode(txPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(txBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(txErrors);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("rxPackets: %s, rxBytes: %s, rxErrors: %s, txPackets: %s, "
+                + "txBytes: %s, txErrors: %s", rxPackets, rxBytes, rxErrors, txPackets,
+                txBytes, txErrors);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index 24d8cca..6350e14 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
         "framework-connectivity-javastream-protos",
     ],
     libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "app-compat-annotations",
         "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
         "unsupportedappusage",
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 97b1f32..dbb05a9 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -3043,7 +3043,7 @@
          * <p>
          * This list cannot be null, but it can be empty to mean that no UID without the
          * {@link android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS} permission
-         * gets to access this network.
+         * can access this network.
          *
          * @param uids the list of UIDs that can always access this network
          * @return this builder
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
index 0665af5..3615075 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
@@ -192,21 +192,36 @@
     private class NetworkOfferCallbackProxy extends INetworkOfferCallback.Stub {
         @NonNull public final NetworkOfferCallback callback;
         @NonNull private final Executor mExecutor;
+        /**
+         * Boolean flag that prevents onNetworkNeeded / onNetworkUnneeded callbacks from being
+         * propagated after unregisterNetworkOffer has been called. Since unregisterNetworkOffer
+         * runs on the CS handler thread, it will not go into effect immediately.
+         */
+        private volatile boolean mIsStale;
 
         NetworkOfferCallbackProxy(@NonNull final NetworkOfferCallback callback,
                 @NonNull final Executor executor) {
             this.callback = callback;
             this.mExecutor = executor;
+            this.mIsStale = false;
         }
 
         @Override
         public void onNetworkNeeded(final @NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onNetworkNeeded(request));
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                if (!mIsStale) callback.onNetworkNeeded(request);
+            });
         }
 
         @Override
         public void onNetworkUnneeded(final @NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onNetworkUnneeded(request));
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                if (!mIsStale) callback.onNetworkUnneeded(request);
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void markStale() {
+            mIsStale = true;
         }
     }
 
@@ -326,7 +341,10 @@
     public void unregisterNetworkOffer(final @NonNull NetworkOfferCallback callback) {
         final NetworkOfferCallbackProxy proxy = findProxyForCallback(callback);
         if (null == proxy) return;
-        mProxies.remove(proxy);
+        synchronized (mProxies) {
+            proxy.markStale();
+            mProxies.remove(proxy);
+        }
         mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class).unofferNetwork(proxy);
     }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
index 9cae9e6..788834a 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
@@ -195,6 +195,24 @@
     /**
      * Create a tap interface for testing purposes
      *
+     * @param linkAddrs an array of LinkAddresses to assign to the TAP interface
+     * @return A TestNetworkInterface representing the underlying TAP interface. Close the contained
+     *     ParcelFileDescriptor to tear down the TAP interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    @NonNull
+    public TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface(@NonNull LinkAddress[] linkAddrs) {
+        try {
+            return mService.createInterface(TAP, CARRIER_UP, BRING_UP, linkAddrs, null /* iface */);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a tap interface for testing purposes
+     *
      * @param bringUp whether to bring up the interface before returning it.
      *
      * @return A ParcelFileDescriptor of the underlying TAP interface. Close this to tear down the
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
index c67821f..6605428 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
@@ -58,13 +58,7 @@
 }
 
 int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, Stats* stats) {
-    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> appUidStatsMap(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH);
-
-    if (!appUidStatsMap.isValid()) {
-        int ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("Opening appUidStatsMap(%s) failed: %s", APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH, strerror(errno));
-        return ret;
-    }
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> appUidStatsMap(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH);
     return bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid, stats, appUidStatsMap);
 }
 
@@ -100,19 +94,8 @@
 }
 
 int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, Stats* stats) {
-    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
-    int ret;
-    if (!ifaceStatsMap.isValid()) {
-        ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("get ifaceStats map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return ret;
-    }
-    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
-    if (!ifaceIndexNameMap.isValid()) {
-        ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("get ifaceIndexName map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return ret;
-    }
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
     return bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(iface, stats, ifaceStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
 }
 
@@ -186,19 +169,8 @@
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetail(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
                                const std::vector<std::string>& limitIfaces, int limitTag,
                                int limitUid) {
-    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
-    if (!ifaceIndexNameMap.isValid()) {
-        int ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("get ifaceIndexName map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, uint32_t> configurationMap(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH);
-    if (!configurationMap.isValid()) {
-        int ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("get configuration map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return ret;
-    }
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, uint32_t> configurationMap(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH);
     auto configuration = configurationMap.readValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
     if (!configuration.ok()) {
         ALOGE("Cannot read the old configuration from map: %s",
@@ -210,12 +182,8 @@
         return -EINVAL;
     }
     const char* statsMapPath = STATS_MAP_PATH[configuration.value()];
+    // TODO: fix this to not constantly reopen the bpf map
     BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> statsMap(statsMapPath);
-    if (!statsMap.isValid()) {
-        int ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("get stats map fd failed: %s, path: %s", strerror(errno), statsMapPath);
-        return ret;
-    }
 
     // It is safe to read and clear the old map now since the
     // networkStatsFactory should call netd to swap the map in advance already.
@@ -266,20 +234,8 @@
 }
 
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDev(std::vector<stats_line>* lines) {
-    int ret = 0;
-    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
-    if (!ifaceIndexNameMap.isValid()) {
-        ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("get ifaceIndexName map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
-    if (!ifaceStatsMap.isValid()) {
-        ret = -errno;
-        ALOGE("get ifaceStats map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return ret;
-    }
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
     return parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(lines, ifaceStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
 }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
index c4ea9ae..cedffe1 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
@@ -60,7 +60,9 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
 /**
- * {@link NetworkProvider} that manages NetworkOffers for Ethernet networks.
+ * Class that manages NetworkOffers for Ethernet networks.
+ *
+ * TODO: this class should be merged into EthernetTracker.
  */
 public class EthernetNetworkFactory {
     private final static String TAG = EthernetNetworkFactory.class.getSimpleName();
@@ -221,11 +223,17 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
-    protected void removeInterface(String interfaceName) {
+    protected boolean removeInterface(String interfaceName) {
         NetworkInterfaceState iface = mTrackingInterfaces.remove(interfaceName);
         if (iface != null) {
-            iface.destroy();
+            iface.unregisterNetworkOfferAndStop();
+            return true;
         }
+        // TODO(b/236892130): if an interface is currently in server mode, it may not be properly
+        // removed.
+        // TODO: when false is returned, do not send a STATE_ABSENT callback.
+        Log.w(TAG, interfaceName + " is not tracked and cannot be removed");
+        return false;
     }
 
     /** Returns true if state has been modified */
@@ -292,7 +300,7 @@
         private boolean mLinkUp;
         private int mLegacyType;
         private LinkProperties mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
-        private Set<NetworkRequest> mRequests = new ArraySet<>();
+        private final Set<Integer> mRequestIds = new ArraySet<>();
 
         private volatile @Nullable IpClientManager mIpClient;
         private @NonNull NetworkCapabilities mCapabilities;
@@ -401,7 +409,7 @@
                 // existing requests.
                 // ConnectivityService filters requests for us based on the NetworkCapabilities
                 // passed in the registerNetworkOffer() call.
-                mRequests.add(request);
+                mRequestIds.add(request.requestId);
                 // if the network is already started, this is a no-op.
                 start();
             }
@@ -412,8 +420,12 @@
                     Log.d(TAG,
                             String.format("%s: onNetworkUnneeded for request: %s", name, request));
                 }
-                mRequests.remove(request);
-                if (mRequests.isEmpty()) {
+                if (!mRequestIds.remove(request.requestId)) {
+                    // This can only happen if onNetworkNeeded was not called for a request or if
+                    // the requestId changed. Both should *never* happen.
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "onNetworkUnneeded called for unknown request");
+                }
+                if (mRequestIds.isEmpty()) {
                     // not currently serving any requests, stop the network.
                     stop();
                 }
@@ -454,7 +466,7 @@
                     + "transport type.");
         }
 
-        private static NetworkScore getBestNetworkScore() {
+        private static NetworkScore getNetworkScore() {
             return new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
         }
 
@@ -465,9 +477,7 @@
             if (mLinkUp) {
                 // registering a new network offer will update the existing one, not install a
                 // new one.
-                mNetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(getBestNetworkScore(),
-                        new NetworkCapabilities(capabilities), cmd -> mHandler.post(cmd),
-                        mNetworkOfferCallback);
+                registerNetworkOffer();
             }
         }
 
@@ -629,14 +639,12 @@
 
             if (!up) { // was up, goes down
                 // retract network offer and stop IpClient.
-                destroy();
+                unregisterNetworkOfferAndStop();
                 // If only setting the interface down, send a callback to signal completion.
                 EthernetNetworkFactory.maybeSendNetworkManagementCallback(listener, name, null);
             } else { // was down, goes up
                 // register network offer
-                mNetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(getBestNetworkScore(),
-                        new NetworkCapabilities(mCapabilities), (cmd) -> mHandler.post(cmd),
-                        mNetworkOfferCallback);
+                registerNetworkOffer();
             }
 
             return true;
@@ -660,10 +668,16 @@
             mLinkProperties.clear();
         }
 
-        public void destroy() {
+        private void registerNetworkOffer() {
+            mNetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(getNetworkScore(),
+                    new NetworkCapabilities(mCapabilities), cmd -> mHandler.post(cmd),
+                    mNetworkOfferCallback);
+        }
+
+        public void unregisterNetworkOfferAndStop() {
             mNetworkProvider.unregisterNetworkOffer(mNetworkOfferCallback);
             stop();
-            mRequests.clear();
+            mRequestIds.clear();
         }
 
         private static void provisionIpClient(@NonNull final IpClientManager ipClient,
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
index 3b93f1a..b628251 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
@@ -164,16 +164,17 @@
     }
 
     public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull Context ctx) {
-        this(ctx, new File("/proc/"), true);
+        this(ctx, new File("/proc/"), true, new BpfNetMaps());
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull Context ctx, File procRoot, boolean useBpfStats) {
+    public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull Context ctx, File procRoot, boolean useBpfStats,
+            BpfNetMaps bpfNetMaps) {
         mStatsXtIfaceAll = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_all");
         mStatsXtIfaceFmt = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_fmt");
         mStatsXtUid = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/stats");
         mUseBpfStats = useBpfStats;
-        mBpfNetMaps = new BpfNetMaps();
+        mBpfNetMaps = bpfNetMaps;
         synchronized (mPersistentDataLock) {
             mPersistSnapshot = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), -1);
             mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), -1);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
index 7c801d7..3da1585 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
@@ -541,7 +541,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Recover from {@link FileRotator} failure by dumping state to
-     * {@link DropBoxManager} and deleting contents.
+     * {@link DropBoxManager} and deleting contents if this recorder
+     * sets {@code mWipeOnError} to true, otherwise keep the contents.
      */
     void recoverAndDeleteData() {
         if (DUMP_BEFORE_DELETE) {
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index c2dbce1..7a4fb33 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         // Do not add libs here if they are already included
         // in framework-connectivity
+        "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
         "connectivity_native_aidl_interface-lateststable-java",
         "dnsresolver_aidl_interface-V9-java",
         "modules-utils-shell-command-handler",
diff --git a/service/jarjar-rules.txt b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
index 4013d2e..1ad75e3 100644
--- a/service/jarjar-rules.txt
+++ b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@
 rule android.net.util.KeepalivePacketDataUtil* com.android.connectivity.@0
 
 # From connectivity-module-utils
-rule android.net.util.SharedLog* com.android.connectivity.@0
 rule android.net.shared.** com.android.connectivity.@0
 
 # From services-connectivity-shared-srcs
diff --git a/service/mdns/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsLogger.java b/service/mdns/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsLogger.java
index 31c62f5..431f1fd 100644
--- a/service/mdns/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsLogger.java
+++ b/service/mdns/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsLogger.java
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util;
 
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+
 /**
  * The logger used in mDNS.
  */
@@ -58,4 +59,4 @@
     public void w(String message) {
         mLog.w(message);
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index 81e9e3a..be0eb5f 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseLongArray;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
@@ -50,10 +51,16 @@
  * {@hide}
  */
 public class BpfNetMaps {
+    private static final boolean PRE_T = !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT();
+    static {
+        if (!PRE_T) {
+            System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+        }
+    }
+
     private static final String TAG = "BpfNetMaps";
     private final INetd mNetd;
     // Use legacy netd for releases before T.
-    private static final boolean PRE_T = !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT();
     private static boolean sInitialized = false;
 
     // Lock for sConfigurationMap entry for UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY.
@@ -63,23 +70,27 @@
 
     private static final String CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH =
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_configuration_map";
+    private static final String UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_uid_owner_map";
     private static final U32 UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new U32(0);
     private static BpfMap<U32, U32> sConfigurationMap = null;
+    // BpfMap for UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH. This map is not accessed by others.
+    private static BpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> sUidOwnerMap = null;
 
     // LINT.IfChange(match_type)
-    private static final long NO_MATCH = 0;
-    private static final long HAPPY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 0);
-    private static final long PENALTY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 1);
-    private static final long DOZABLE_MATCH = (1 << 2);
-    private static final long STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 3);
-    private static final long POWERSAVE_MATCH = (1 << 4);
-    private static final long RESTRICTED_MATCH = (1 << 5);
-    private static final long LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 6);
-    private static final long IIF_MATCH = (1 << 7);
-    private static final long LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH = (1 << 8);
-    private static final long OEM_DENY_1_MATCH = (1 << 9);
-    private static final long OEM_DENY_2_MATCH = (1 << 10);
-    private static final long OEM_DENY_3_MATCH = (1 << 11);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long NO_MATCH = 0;
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long HAPPY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 0);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long PENALTY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 1);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long DOZABLE_MATCH = (1 << 2);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 3);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long POWERSAVE_MATCH = (1 << 4);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long RESTRICTED_MATCH = (1 << 5);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 6);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long IIF_MATCH = (1 << 7);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH = (1 << 8);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long OEM_DENY_1_MATCH = (1 << 9);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long OEM_DENY_2_MATCH = (1 << 10);
+    @VisibleForTesting public static final long OEM_DENY_3_MATCH = (1 << 11);
     // LINT.ThenChange(packages/modules/Connectivity/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h)
 
     // TODO: Use Java BpfMap instead of JNI code (TrafficController) for map update.
@@ -99,11 +110,46 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Only tests or BpfNetMaps#ensureInitialized can call this function.
+     * Set configurationMap for test.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public static void initialize(final Dependencies deps) {
-        sConfigurationMap = deps.getConfigurationMap();
+    public static void setConfigurationMapForTest(BpfMap<U32, U32> configurationMap) {
+        sConfigurationMap = configurationMap;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set uidOwnerMap for test.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static void setUidOwnerMapForTest(BpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> uidOwnerMap) {
+        sUidOwnerMap = uidOwnerMap;
+    }
+
+    private static BpfMap<U32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
+        try {
+            return new BpfMap<>(
+                    CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, U32.class, U32.class);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open netd configuration map", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static BpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> getUidOwnerMap() {
+        try {
+            return new BpfMap<>(
+                    UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, U32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid owner map", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void setBpfMaps() {
+        if (sConfigurationMap == null) {
+            sConfigurationMap = getConfigurationMap();
+        }
+        if (sUidOwnerMap == null) {
+            sUidOwnerMap = getUidOwnerMap();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -112,33 +158,11 @@
      */
     private static synchronized void ensureInitialized() {
         if (sInitialized) return;
-        if (!PRE_T) {
-            System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
-            native_init();
-            initialize(new Dependencies());
-        }
+        setBpfMaps();
+        native_init();
         sInitialized = true;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Dependencies of BpfNetMaps, for injection in tests.
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public static class Dependencies {
-        /**
-         *  Get configuration BPF map.
-         */
-        public BpfMap<U32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
-            try {
-                return new BpfMap<>(
-                        CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, U32.class, U32.class);
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot open netd configuration map: " + e);
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     /** Constructor used after T that doesn't need to use netd anymore. */
     public BpfNetMaps() {
         this(null);
@@ -147,7 +171,9 @@
     }
 
     public BpfNetMaps(final INetd netd) {
-        ensureInitialized();
+        if (!PRE_T) {
+            ensureInitialized();
+        }
         mNetd = netd;
     }
 
@@ -175,6 +201,67 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void removeRule(final int uid, final long match, final String caller) {
+        try {
+            synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+                final UidOwnerValue oldMatch = sUidOwnerMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
+
+                if (oldMatch == null) {
+                    throw new ServiceSpecificException(ENOENT,
+                            "sUidOwnerMap does not have entry for uid: " + uid);
+                }
+
+                final UidOwnerValue newMatch = new UidOwnerValue(
+                        (match == IIF_MATCH) ? 0 : oldMatch.iif,
+                        oldMatch.rule & ~match
+                );
+
+                if (newMatch.rule == 0) {
+                    sUidOwnerMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+                } else {
+                    sUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), newMatch);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
+                    caller + " failed to remove rule: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addRule(final int uid, final long match, final long iif, final String caller) {
+        if (match != IIF_MATCH && iif != 0) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(EINVAL,
+                    "Non-interface match must have zero interface index");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+                final UidOwnerValue oldMatch = sUidOwnerMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
+
+                final UidOwnerValue newMatch;
+                if (oldMatch != null) {
+                    newMatch = new UidOwnerValue(
+                            (match == IIF_MATCH) ? iif : oldMatch.iif,
+                            oldMatch.rule | match
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    newMatch = new UidOwnerValue(
+                            iif,
+                            match
+                    );
+                }
+                sUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), newMatch);
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
+                    caller + " failed to add rule: " + Os.strerror(e.errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addRule(final int uid, final long match, final String caller) {
+        addRule(uid, match, 0 /* iif */, caller);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Add naughty app bandwidth rule for specific app
      *
@@ -183,8 +270,8 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void addNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
-        final int err = native_addNaughtyApp(uid);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add naughty app");
+        throwIfPreT("addNaughtyApp is not available on pre-T devices");
+        addRule(uid, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "addNaughtyApp");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -195,8 +282,8 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void removeNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
-        final int err = native_removeNaughtyApp(uid);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove naughty app");
+        throwIfPreT("removeNaughtyApp is not available on pre-T devices");
+        removeRule(uid, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, "removeNaughtyApp");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -207,8 +294,10 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void addNiceApp(final int uid) {
-        final int err = native_addNiceApp(uid);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add nice app");
+        synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+            final int err = native_addNiceApp(uid);
+            maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add nice app");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -219,8 +308,10 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void removeNiceApp(final int uid) {
-        final int err = native_removeNiceApp(uid);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove nice app");
+        synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+            final int err = native_removeNiceApp(uid);
+            maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove nice app");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -239,11 +330,6 @@
         try {
             synchronized (sUidRulesConfigBpfMapLock) {
                 final U32 config = sConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
-                if (config == null) {
-                    throw new ServiceSpecificException(ENOENT,
-                            "Unable to get firewall chain status: sConfigurationMap does not have"
-                                    + " entry for UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY");
-                }
                 final long newConfig = enable ? (config.val | match) : (config.val & ~match);
                 sConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(newConfig));
             }
@@ -268,11 +354,6 @@
         final long match = getMatchByFirewallChain(childChain);
         try {
             final U32 config = sConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
-            if (config == null) {
-                throw new ServiceSpecificException(ENOENT,
-                        "Unable to get firewall chain status: sConfigurationMap does not have"
-                                + " entry for UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY");
-            }
             return (config.val & match) != 0;
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new ServiceSpecificException(e.errno,
@@ -295,11 +376,13 @@
      */
     public int replaceUidChain(final String chainName, final boolean isAllowlist,
             final int[] uids) {
-        final int err = native_replaceUidChain(chainName, isAllowlist, uids);
-        if (err != 0) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "replaceUidChain failed: " + Os.strerror(-err));
+        synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+            final int err = native_replaceUidChain(chainName, isAllowlist, uids);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "replaceUidChain failed: " + Os.strerror(-err));
+            }
+            return -err;
         }
-        return -err;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -312,8 +395,10 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void setUidRule(final int childChain, final int uid, final int firewallRule) {
-        final int err = native_setUidRule(childChain, uid, firewallRule);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to set uid rule");
+        synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+            final int err = native_setUidRule(childChain, uid, firewallRule);
+            maybeThrow(err, "Unable to set uid rule");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -338,8 +423,10 @@
             mNetd.firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(ifName, uids);
             return;
         }
-        final int err = native_addUidInterfaceRules(ifName, uids);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add uid interface rules");
+        synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+            final int err = native_addUidInterfaceRules(ifName, uids);
+            maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add uid interface rules");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -358,8 +445,10 @@
             mNetd.firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(uids);
             return;
         }
-        final int err = native_removeUidInterfaceRules(uids);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove uid interface rules");
+        synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+            final int err = native_removeUidInterfaceRules(uids);
+            maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove uid interface rules");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -371,8 +460,10 @@
      *                                  cause of the failure.
      */
     public void updateUidLockdownRule(final int uid, final boolean add) {
-        final int err = native_updateUidLockdownRule(uid, add);
-        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to update lockdown rule");
+        synchronized (sUidOwnerMap) {
+            final int err = native_updateUidLockdownRule(uid, add);
+            maybeThrow(err, "Unable to update lockdown rule");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -422,14 +513,23 @@
     }
 
     private static native void native_init();
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_addNaughtyApp(int uid);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_removeNaughtyApp(int uid);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_addNiceApp(int uid);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_removeNiceApp(int uid);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_replaceUidChain(String name, boolean isAllowlist, int[] uids);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_setUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_addUidInterfaceRules(String ifName, int[] uids);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_removeUidInterfaceRules(int[] uids);
+    @GuardedBy("sUidOwnerMap")
     private native int native_updateUidLockdownRule(int uid, boolean add);
     private native int native_swapActiveStatsMap();
     private native void native_setPermissionForUids(int permissions, int[] uids);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index b210bb3..37fc391 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -3422,6 +3422,17 @@
         pw.increaseIndent();
         mNetworkActivityTracker.dump(pw);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        // pre-T is logged by netd.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("BPF programs & maps:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            // Flush is required. Otherwise, the traces in fd can interleave with traces in pw.
+            pw.flush();
+            dumpTrafficController(pw, fd, /*verbose=*/ true);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
     }
 
     private void dumpNetworks(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
@@ -6352,7 +6363,7 @@
             if (null != satisfier) {
                 // If the old NRI was satisfied by an NAI, then it may have had an active request.
                 // The active request is necessary to figure out what callbacks to send, in
-                // particular then a network updates its capabilities.
+                // particular when a network updates its capabilities.
                 // As this code creates a new NRI with a new set of requests, figure out which of
                 // the list of requests should be the active request. It is always the first
                 // request of the list that can be satisfied by the satisfier since the order of
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java b/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f89e354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+/** Value type for per uid traffic control configuration map  */
+public class UidOwnerValue extends Struct {
+    // Allowed interface index. Only applicable if IIF_MATCH is set in the rule bitmask below.
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long iif;
+
+    // A bitmask of match type.
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long rule;
+
+    public UidOwnerValue(final long iif, final long rule) {
+        this.iif = iif;
+        this.rule = rule;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
index 498cf63..5ea586a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
@@ -347,6 +347,19 @@
                     && this.pid == that.pid
                     && this.cookie == that.cookie;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "iface: " + iface
+                    + " (" + ifIndex + ")"
+                    + ", v4iface: " + v4iface
+                    + " (" + v4ifIndex + ")"
+                    + ", v4: " + v4
+                    + ", v6: " + v6
+                    + ", pfx96: " + pfx96
+                    + ", pid: " + pid
+                    + ", cookie: " + cookie;
+        }
     };
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -819,9 +832,9 @@
      * @param pw print writer.
      */
     public void dump(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
-        // TODO: dump ClatdTracker
         // TODO: move map dump to a global place to avoid duplicate dump while there are two or
         // more IPv6 only networks.
+        pw.println("CLAT tracker: " + mClatdTracker.toString());
         pw.println("Forwarding rules:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
         dumpBpfIngress(pw);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index 34c6d2d..fd1ed60 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.UidRange;
 import android.net.Uri;
-import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -70,6 +69,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ProcessShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ProcessShim;
 import com.android.server.BpfNetMaps;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index 458d225..1748612 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.Looper
 import android.os.OutcomeReceiver
-import android.os.SystemProperties
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.util.ArraySet
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
@@ -69,13 +68,13 @@
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
-import org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import java.net.Inet6Address
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
@@ -206,12 +205,8 @@
 
         fun eventuallyExpect(expected: CallbackEntry) = events.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) { it == expected }
 
-        fun eventuallyExpect(interfaceName: String, state: Int, role: Int) {
-            assertNotNull(eventuallyExpect(createChangeEvent(interfaceName, state, role)))
-        }
-
         fun eventuallyExpect(iface: EthernetTestInterface, state: Int, role: Int) {
-            eventuallyExpect(iface.name, state, role)
+            assertNotNull(eventuallyExpect(createChangeEvent(iface.name, state, role)))
         }
 
         fun assertNoCallback() {
@@ -458,32 +453,45 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: this function is now used in two places (EthernetManagerTest and
-    // EthernetTetheringTest), so it should be moved to testutils.
-    private fun isAdbOverNetwork(): Boolean {
-        // If adb TCP port opened, this test may running by adb over network.
-        return (SystemProperties.getInt("persist.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1 ||
-                SystemProperties.getInt("service.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1)
+    private fun assumeNoInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() {
+        // Interfaces that have configured NetworkCapabilities will never be used for tethering,
+        // see aosp/2123900.
+        try {
+            // assumeException does not exist.
+            requestTetheredInterface().expectOnAvailable()
+            // interface used for tethering is available, throw an assumption error.
+            assumeTrue(false)
+        } catch (e: TimeoutException) {
+            // do nothing -- the TimeoutException indicates that no interface is available for
+            // tethering.
+            releaseTetheredInterface()
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testCallbacks_forServerModeInterfaces() {
-        // do not run this test when adb might be connected over ethernet.
-        assumeFalse(isAdbOverNetwork())
+        // do not run this test if an interface that can be used for tethering already exists.
+        assumeNoInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()
+
+        val iface = createInterface()
+        requestTetheredInterface().expectOnAvailable()
 
         val listener = EthernetStateListener()
         addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
-
-        // it is possible that a physical interface is present, so it is not guaranteed that iface
-        // will be put into server mode. This should not matter for the test though. Calling
-        // createInterface() makes sure we have at least one interface available.
-        val iface = createInterface()
-        val cb = requestTetheredInterface()
-        val ifaceName = cb.expectOnAvailable()
-        listener.eventuallyExpect(ifaceName, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_SERVER)
+        // TODO(b/236895792): THIS IS A BUG! Existing server mode interfaces are not reported when
+        // an InterfaceStateListener is registered.
+        // Note: using eventuallyExpect as there may be other interfaces present.
+        // listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_SERVER)
 
         releaseTetheredInterface()
-        listener.eventuallyExpect(ifaceName, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        requestTetheredInterface().expectOnAvailable()
+        // This should be changed to expectCallback, once b/236895792 is fixed.
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_SERVER)
+
+        releaseTetheredInterface()
+        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
     }
 
     /**
@@ -651,4 +659,26 @@
         iface.setCarrierEnabled(false)
         cb.eventuallyExpectLost()
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveInterface_whileInServerMode() {
+        assumeNoInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()
+
+        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+
+        val iface = createInterface()
+        val ifaceName = requestTetheredInterface().expectOnAvailable()
+
+        assertEquals(iface.name, ifaceName)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_SERVER)
+
+        removeInterface(iface)
+
+        // Note: removeInterface already verifies that a STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE callback is
+        // received, but it can't hurt to explicitly check for it.
+        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
+        releaseTetheredInterface()
+        listener.assertNoCallback()
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
index 80338aa..efc24d3 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R
+import com.android.server.BpfNetMaps
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService
 import com.android.server.NetworkAgentWrapper
 import com.android.server.TestNetIdManager
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@
         doReturn(mock(ProxyTracker::class.java)).`when`(deps).makeProxyTracker(any(), any())
         doReturn(mock(MockableSystemProperties::class.java)).`when`(deps).systemProperties
         doReturn(TestNetIdManager()).`when`(deps).makeNetIdManager()
+        doReturn(mock(BpfNetMaps::class.java)).`when`(deps).getBpfNetMaps(any())
         doAnswer { inv ->
             object : MultinetworkPolicyTracker(inv.getArgument(0), inv.getArgument(1),
                     inv.getArgument(2)) {
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
index c7cf040..361c968 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 import android.net.INetworkMonitorCallbacks
 import android.net.Network
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog
-import android.net.util.SharedLog
 import android.os.IBinder
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog
 import com.android.networkstack.netlink.TcpSocketTracker
 import com.android.server.NetworkStackService
 import com.android.server.NetworkStackService.NetworkMonitorConnector
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index 634ec9c..e59fbc2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -26,8 +26,16 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 
+import static com.android.server.BpfNetMaps.DOZABLE_MATCH;
+import static com.android.server.BpfNetMaps.IIF_MATCH;
+import static com.android.server.BpfNetMaps.NO_MATCH;
+import static com.android.server.BpfNetMaps.PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
+import static com.android.server.BpfNetMaps.POWERSAVE_MATCH;
+import static com.android.server.BpfNetMaps.RESTRICTED_MATCH;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
@@ -68,7 +76,9 @@
 
     private static final int TEST_UID = 10086;
     private static final int[] TEST_UIDS = {10002, 10003};
-    private static final String IFNAME = "wlan0";
+    private static final String TEST_IF_NAME = "wlan0";
+    private static final int TEST_IF_INDEX = 7;
+    private static final int NO_IIF = 0;
     private static final String CHAINNAME = "fw_dozable";
     private static final U32 UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY = new U32(0);
     private static final List<Integer> FIREWALL_CHAINS = List.of(
@@ -85,31 +95,23 @@
     private BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
 
     @Mock INetd mNetd;
-    private static final TestBpfMap<U32, U32> sConfigurationMap =
-            new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U32.class);
+    private final BpfMap<U32, U32> mConfigurationMap = new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U32.class);
+    private final BpfMap<U32, UidOwnerValue> mUidOwnerMap =
+            new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        BpfNetMaps.setConfigurationMapForTest(mConfigurationMap);
+        BpfNetMaps.setUidOwnerMapForTest(mUidOwnerMap);
         mBpfNetMaps = new BpfNetMaps(mNetd);
-        BpfNetMaps.initialize(makeDependencies());
-        sConfigurationMap.clear();
-    }
-
-    private static BpfNetMaps.Dependencies makeDependencies() {
-        return new BpfNetMaps.Dependencies() {
-            @Override
-            public BpfMap<U32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
-                return sConfigurationMap;
-            }
-        };
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBpfNetMapsBeforeT() throws Exception {
         assumeFalse(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
-        mBpfNetMaps.addUidInterfaceRules(IFNAME, TEST_UIDS);
-        verify(mNetd).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(IFNAME, TEST_UIDS);
+        mBpfNetMaps.addUidInterfaceRules(TEST_IF_NAME, TEST_UIDS);
+        verify(mNetd).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(TEST_IF_NAME, TEST_UIDS);
         mBpfNetMaps.removeUidInterfaceRules(TEST_UIDS);
         verify(mNetd).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(TEST_UIDS);
         mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_INTERNET, TEST_UIDS);
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@
         for (final int chain: enableChains) {
             match |= mBpfNetMaps.getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
         }
-        sConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(match));
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(match));
 
         for (final int chain: FIREWALL_CHAINS) {
             final String testCase = "EnabledChains: " + enableChains + " CheckedChain: " + chain;
@@ -175,14 +177,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testIsChainEnabledMissingConfiguration() {
-        // sConfigurationMap does not have entry for UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY
-        assertThrows(ServiceSpecificException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.isChainEnabled(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE));
-    }
-
-    @Test
     @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testIsChainEnabledBeforeT() {
         assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
@@ -195,17 +189,17 @@
             expectedMatch |= mBpfNetMaps.getMatchByFirewallChain(chain);
         }
 
-        assertEquals(0, sConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val);
+        assertEquals(0, mConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val);
 
         for (final int chain: testChains) {
             mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(chain, true /* enable */);
         }
-        assertEquals(expectedMatch, sConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val);
+        assertEquals(expectedMatch, mConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val);
 
         for (final int chain: testChains) {
             mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(chain, false /* enable */);
         }
-        assertEquals(0, sConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val);
+        assertEquals(0, mConfigurationMap.getValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY).val);
     }
 
     private void doTestSetChildChain(final int testChain) throws Exception {
@@ -215,7 +209,7 @@
     @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testSetChildChain() throws Exception {
-        sConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(0));
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(0));
         doTestSetChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE);
         doTestSetChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY);
         doTestSetChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE);
@@ -229,7 +223,7 @@
     @Test
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testSetChildChainMultipleChain() throws Exception {
-        sConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(0));
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(0));
         doTestSetChildChain(List.of(
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE,
                 FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY));
@@ -252,17 +246,90 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
-    public void testSetChildChainMissingConfiguration() {
-        // sConfigurationMap does not have entry for UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY
-        assertThrows(ServiceSpecificException.class,
-                () -> mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true /* enable */));
-    }
-
-    @Test
     @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testSetChildChainBeforeT() {
         assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true /* enable */));
     }
+
+    private void checkUidOwnerValue(final long uid, final long expectedIif,
+            final long expectedMatch) throws Exception {
+        final UidOwnerValue config = mUidOwnerMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
+        if (expectedMatch == 0) {
+            assertNull(config);
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(expectedIif, config.iif);
+            assertEquals(expectedMatch, config.rule);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+        mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
+
+        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match & ~PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testRemoveNaughtyApp() throws Exception {
+        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
+
+        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH with other matches
+        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH);
+
+        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH with IIF_MATCH
+        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | IIF_MATCH);
+
+        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH is not enabled
+        doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testRemoveNaughtyAppMissingUid() {
+        // UidOwnerMap does not have entry for TEST_UID
+        assertThrows(ServiceSpecificException.class,
+                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testRemoveNaughtyAppBeforeT() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    private void doTestAddNaughtyApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+        if (match != NO_MATCH) {
+            mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
+        }
+
+        mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
+
+        checkUidOwnerValue(TEST_UID, iif, match | PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testAddNaughtyApp() throws Exception {
+        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, NO_MATCH);
+
+        // Other matches are enabled
+        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, DOZABLE_MATCH | POWERSAVE_MATCH | RESTRICTED_MATCH);
+
+        // IIF_MATCH is enabled
+        doTestAddNaughtyApp(TEST_IF_INDEX, IIF_MATCH);
+
+        // PENALTY_BOX_MATCH is already enabled
+        doTestAddNaughtyApp(NO_IIF, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testAddNaughtyAppBeforeT() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java
index ece13b3..c814cc5 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
@@ -32,15 +31,18 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
 import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.Uri;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
@@ -48,14 +50,15 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-import org.mockito.Spy;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(R) // VpnManagerService is not available before R
@@ -64,18 +67,23 @@
     @Rule
     public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
-    @Spy Context mContext;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
+
+    @Mock Context mContext;
+    @Mock Context mSystemContext;
+    @Mock Context mUserAllContext;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
-    @Mock private Handler mHandler;
     @Mock private Vpn mVpn;
     @Mock private INetworkManagementService mNms;
     @Mock private ConnectivityManager mCm;
     @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
     @Mock private INetd mNetd;
     @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+
     private VpnManagerServiceDependencies mDeps;
     private VpnManagerService mService;
-
+    private BroadcastReceiver mUserPresentReceiver;
+    private BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver;
     private final String mNotMyVpnPkg = "com.not.my.vpn";
 
     class VpnManagerServiceDependencies extends VpnManagerService.Dependencies {
@@ -107,46 +115,54 @@
 
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("TestVpnManagerService");
         mDeps = new VpnManagerServiceDependencies();
-        doReturn(mContext).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(any(), anyInt());
+        doReturn(mUserAllContext).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0);
+        doReturn(mSystemContext).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(UserHandle.SYSTEM, 0);
         doReturn(mPackageManager).when(mContext).getPackageManager();
         setMockedPackages(mPackageManager, sPackages);
 
         mockService(mContext, ConnectivityManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mCm);
         mockService(mContext, UserManager.class, Context.USER_SERVICE, mUserManager);
-
-        doReturn(new Intent()).when(mContext).registerReceiver(
-                any() /* receiver */,
-                any() /* intentFilter */,
-                any() /* broadcastPermission */,
-                eq(mHandler) /* scheduler */);
         doReturn(SYSTEM_USER).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(eq(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
+
         mService = new VpnManagerService(mContext, mDeps);
+        mService.systemReady();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> intentReceiverCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> userPresentReceiverCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
+        verify(mSystemContext).registerReceiver(
+                userPresentReceiverCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
+        verify(mUserAllContext, times(2)).registerReceiver(
+                intentReceiverCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
+        mUserPresentReceiver = userPresentReceiverCaptor.getValue();
+        mIntentReceiver = intentReceiverCaptor.getValue();
+
+        // Add user to create vpn in mVpn
+        onUserStarted(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
+        assertNotNull(mService.mVpns.get(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testUpdateAppExclusionList() {
-        // Add user to create vpn in mVpn
-        mService.onUserStarted(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        assertNotNull(mService.mVpns.get(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
         // Start vpn
         mService.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
         verify(mVpn).startVpnProfile(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG));
 
         // Remove package due to package replaced.
-        mService.onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
+        onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
         verify(mVpn, never()).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
 
         // Add package due to package replaced.
-        mService.onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
+        onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
         verify(mVpn, never()).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
 
         // Remove package
-        mService.onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
+        onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
         verify(mVpn).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
 
         // Add the package back
-        mService.onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
+        onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
         verify(mVpn, times(2)).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
     }
 
@@ -160,4 +176,69 @@
     public void testStopVpnProfileFromDiffPackage() {
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mService.stopVpnProfile(mNotMyVpnPkg));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetProvisionedVpnProfileStateFromDiffPackage() {
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                mService.getProvisionedVpnProfileState(mNotMyVpnPkg));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetProvisionedVpnProfileState() {
+        mService.getProvisionedVpnProfileState(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        verify(mVpn).getProvisionedVpnProfileState(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+    }
+
+    private Intent buildIntent(String action, String packageName, int userId, int uid,
+            boolean isReplacing) {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
+        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, userId);
+        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, uid);
+        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REPLACING, isReplacing);
+        if (packageName != null) {
+            intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package" /* scheme */, packageName, null /* fragment */));
+        }
+
+        return intent;
+    }
+
+    private void sendIntent(Intent intent) {
+        final Handler h = mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler();
+
+        // Send in handler thread.
+        h.post(() -> mIntentReceiver.onReceive(mContext, intent));
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    private void onUserStarted(int userId) {
+        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STARTED,
+                null /* packageName */, userId, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
+    }
+
+    private void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int userId, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
+        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, packageName, userId, uid, isReplacing));
+    }
+
+    private void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
+        onPackageAdded(packageName, UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, uid, isReplacing);
+    }
+
+    private void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int userId, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
+        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED, packageName, userId, uid,
+                isReplacing));
+    }
+
+    private void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
+        onPackageRemoved(packageName, UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, uid, isReplacing);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReceiveIntentFromNonHandlerThread() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () ->
+                mIntentReceiver.onReceive(mContext, buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED,
+                        PKGS[0], UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */)));
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () ->
+                mUserPresentReceiver.onReceive(mContext, new Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT)));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
index 8dfe924..feee293 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -525,16 +525,19 @@
         coordinator.dump(ipw);
 
         final String[] dumpStrings = stringWriter.toString().split("\n");
-        assertEquals(5, dumpStrings.length);
-        assertEquals("Forwarding rules:", dumpStrings[0].trim());
+        assertEquals(6, dumpStrings.length);
+        assertEquals("CLAT tracker: iface: test0 (1000), v4iface: v4-test0 (1001), "
+                + "v4: /192.0.0.46, v6: /2001:db8:0:b11::464, pfx96: /64:ff9b::, "
+                + "pid: 10483, cookie: 27149", dumpStrings[0].trim());
+        assertEquals("Forwarding rules:", dumpStrings[1].trim());
         assertEquals("BPF ingress map: iif nat64Prefix v6Addr -> v4Addr oif",
-                dumpStrings[1].trim());
-        assertEquals("1000 /64:ff9b::/96 /2001:db8:0:b11::464 -> /192.0.0.46 1001",
                 dumpStrings[2].trim());
-        assertEquals("BPF egress map: iif v4Addr -> v6Addr nat64Prefix oif",
+        assertEquals("1000 /64:ff9b::/96 /2001:db8:0:b11::464 -> /192.0.0.46 1001",
                 dumpStrings[3].trim());
-        assertEquals("1001 /192.0.0.46 -> /2001:db8:0:b11::464 /64:ff9b::/96 1000 ether",
+        assertEquals("BPF egress map: iif v4Addr -> v6Addr nat64Prefix oif",
                 dumpStrings[4].trim());
+        assertEquals("1001 /192.0.0.46 -> /2001:db8:0:b11::464 /64:ff9b::/96 1000 ether",
+                dumpStrings[5].trim());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 0891ee3..5c1992d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
     private static final int TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID = 0x2345;
     private static final long TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 500L;
     private static final String PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY =
-            "VPN_APP_EXCLUDED_27_com.testvpn.vpn";
+            "VPNAPPEXCLUDED_27_com.testvpn.vpn";
     static final String PKGS_BYTES = getPackageByteString(List.of(PKGS));
     private static final Range<Integer> PRIMARY_USER_RANGE = uidRangeForUser(PRIMARY_USER.id);
 
@@ -1360,6 +1360,31 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testReconnectVpnManagerVpnWithAlwaysOnEnabled() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
+                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
+        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+
+        // Enable VPN always-on for TEST_VPN_PKG.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, false /* lockdown */,
+                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
+
+        // Reset to verify next startVpnProfile.
+        reset(mAppOps);
+
+        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+
+        // Reconnect the vpn with different package will cause exception.
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> vpn.startVpnProfile(PKGS[0]));
+
+        // Reconnect the vpn again with the vpn always on package w/o exception.
+        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testSetPackageAuthorizationVpnService() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
index 5400a00..f6fb45c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R;
+import com.android.server.BpfNetMaps;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@
     private File mTestProc;
     private NetworkStatsFactory mFactory;
     @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@
         // applications. So in order to have a test support native library, the native code
         // related to networkStatsFactory is compiled to a minimal native library and loaded here.
         System.loadLibrary("networkstatsfactorytestjni");
-        mFactory = new NetworkStatsFactory(mContext, mTestProc, false);
+        mFactory = new NetworkStatsFactory(mContext, mTestProc, false, mBpfNetMaps);
         mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
     }