diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index 017ff51..657d5a3 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 java_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity-protos",
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
     proto: {
         type: "nano",
     },
@@ -82,8 +83,7 @@
     name: "framework-connectivity",
     api_only: true,
     defaults: ["framework-module-defaults"],
-    // TODO: build against module API
-    platform_apis: true,
+    installable: true,
     srcs: [
         ":framework-connectivity-sources",
     ],
@@ -100,18 +100,56 @@
     libs: [
         "unsupportedappusage",
     ],
-    permitted_packages: ["android.net", "com.android.connectivity.aidl"],
+    permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libframework-connectivity-defaults",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+        "libnetd_client",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "dnsproxyd_protocol_headers",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libconnectivityframeworkutils",
+    defaults: ["libframework-connectivity-defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libframework-connectivity-jni",
+    defaults: ["libframework-connectivity-defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["libconnectivityframeworkutils"],
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
 }
 
 java_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity.impl",
-    // Instead of building against private API (framework.jar),
-    // build against core_platform + framework-minus-apex + module
-    // stub libs. This allows framework.jar to depend on this library,
-    // so it can be part of the private API until all clients have been migrated.
-    // TODO: just build against module_api, and remove this jar from
-    // the private API.
-    sdk_version: "core_platform",
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
     srcs: [
         ":framework-connectivity-sources",
     ],
@@ -122,12 +160,11 @@
         ],
     },
     libs: [
-        "framework-minus-apex",
-        // TODO: just framework-tethering, framework-wifi when building against module_api
-        "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
-        "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
+        // TODO (b/183097033) remove once module_current includes core_current
+        "stable.core.platform.api.stubs",
+        "framework-tethering",
+        "framework-wifi",
         "unsupportedappusage",
-        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "framework-connectivity-protos",
@@ -136,5 +173,5 @@
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
     installable: true,
-    permitted_packages: ["android.net", "com.android.connectivity.aidl"],
+    permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
 }
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 34dd149..9ca6d8f 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -13,14 +13,20 @@
     method @NonNull public static String getPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull android.content.Context);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void requestBackgroundNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.os.Handler, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
+    method @Deprecated public boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int, java.net.InetAddress);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptPartialConnectivity(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAvoidUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void simulateDataStall(int, long, @NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network);
     method public void systemReady();
+    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION = "android.net.action.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
+    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = "android.net.action.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
+    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = "android.net.action.PROMPT_UNVALIDATED";
     field public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF = "off";
     field public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
     field public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME = "hostname";
@@ -38,6 +44,7 @@
 
   public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
     ctor public NetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities, long);
+    method @Nullable public java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>> getUids();
     field public static final long REDACT_ALL = -1L; // 0xffffffffffffffffL
     field public static final long REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 1L; // 0x1L
     field public static final long REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS = 2L; // 0x2L
@@ -46,6 +53,14 @@
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_TEST = 7; // 0x7
   }
 
+  public static final class NetworkCapabilities.Builder {
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setUids(@Nullable java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
+  }
+
+  public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setUids(@Nullable java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
+  }
+
   public class ParseException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {
     ctor public ParseException(@NonNull String);
     ctor public ParseException(@NonNull String, @NonNull Throwable);
diff --git a/framework/jarjar-rules.txt b/framework/jarjar-rules.txt
index 0959840..7474c24 100644
--- a/framework/jarjar-rules.txt
+++ b/framework/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 rule com.android.net.module.util.** android.net.connectivity.framework.util.@1
+rule android.net.NetworkFactory* android.net.connectivity.framework.NetworkFactory@1
 
 # TODO (b/149403767): remove the annotations from net-utils-device-common instead of here
 zap android.annotation.**
diff --git a/core/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
similarity index 93%
rename from core/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
rename to framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
index a781a37..c5b1ff8 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
+++ b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@
 
 #include <DnsProxydProtocol.h> // NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
 #include <nativehelper/JNIPlatformHelp.h>
 #include <nativehelper/ScopedLocalRef.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/misc.h>
 
 #include "NetdClient.h"
-#include "core_jni_helpers.h"
 #include "jni.h"
 
 extern "C" {
@@ -52,6 +52,19 @@
 // FrameworkListener limits the size of commands to 4096 bytes.
 constexpr int MAXCMDSIZE = 4096;
 
+static inline jclass FindClassOrDie(JNIEnv* env, const char* class_name) {
+    jclass clazz = env->FindClass(class_name);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(clazz == NULL, "Unable to find class %s", class_name);
+    return clazz;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static inline T MakeGlobalRefOrDie(JNIEnv* env, T in) {
+    jobject res = env->NewGlobalRef(in);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(res == NULL, "Unable to create global reference.");
+    return static_cast<T>(res);
+}
+
 static void android_net_utils_attachDropAllBPFFilter(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd)
 {
     struct sock_filter filter_code[] = {
@@ -260,8 +273,8 @@
 
 int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env)
 {
-    return RegisterMethodsOrDie(env, NETUTILS_PKG_NAME, gNetworkUtilMethods,
-                                NELEM(gNetworkUtilMethods));
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, NETUTILS_PKG_NAME, gNetworkUtilMethods,
+                                    NELEM(gNetworkUtilMethods));
 }
 
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/framework/jni/onload.cpp b/framework/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..435f434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_android_net_NetworkUtils(env) < 0) {
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
index 82dbd0f..53aa1b9 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     private final long mByteLimit;
     private final long mExpiryTimeMillis;
     private final boolean mCaptive;
-    private final CharSequence mVenueFriendlyName;
+    private final String mVenueFriendlyName;
     private final int mVenueInfoUrlSource;
     private final int mUserPortalUrlSource;
 
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@
         mByteLimit = byteLimit;
         mExpiryTimeMillis = expiryTimeMillis;
         mCaptive = captive;
-        mVenueFriendlyName = venueFriendlyName;
+        mVenueFriendlyName = venueFriendlyName == null ? null : venueFriendlyName.toString();
         mVenueInfoUrlSource = venueInfoUrlSource;
         mUserPortalUrlSource = userPortalUrlSource;
     }
 
     private CaptivePortalData(Parcel p) {
         this(p.readLong(), p.readParcelable(null), p.readParcelable(null), p.readBoolean(),
-                p.readLong(), p.readLong(), p.readBoolean(), p.readCharSequence(), p.readInt(),
+                p.readLong(), p.readLong(), p.readBoolean(), p.readString(), p.readInt(),
                 p.readInt());
     }
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
         dest.writeLong(mByteLimit);
         dest.writeLong(mExpiryTimeMillis);
         dest.writeBoolean(mCaptive);
-        dest.writeCharSequence(mVenueFriendlyName);
+        dest.writeString(mVenueFriendlyName);
         dest.writeInt(mVenueInfoUrlSource);
         dest.writeInt(mUserPortalUrlSource);
     }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
index 5234494..3598ebc 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@@ -70,8 +69,8 @@
 
     /** @hide */
     public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager(Context context, IConnectivityManager service) {
-        mContext = Preconditions.checkNotNull(context, "missing context");
-        mService = Preconditions.checkNotNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
+        mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing context");
+        mService = Objects.requireNonNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
     }
 
     /** @hide */
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index e23747e..f207830 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
-import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 
 import libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher;
 
@@ -424,7 +423,8 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = "android.net.conn.PROMPT_UNVALIDATED";
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = "android.net.action.PROMPT_UNVALIDATED";
 
     /**
      * Action used to display a dialog that asks the user whether to avoid a network that is no
@@ -432,8 +432,9 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION =
-            "android.net.conn.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
+            "android.net.action.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
 
     /**
      * Action used to display a dialog that asks the user whether to stay connected to a network
@@ -442,8 +443,9 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY =
-            "android.net.conn.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
+            "android.net.action.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
 
     /**
      * Invalid tethering type.
@@ -1123,12 +1125,13 @@
      * @param ranges the UID ranges to restrict
      * @param requireVpn whether the specified UID ranges must use a VPN
      *
-     * TODO: expose as @SystemApi.
      * @hide
      */
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
-            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn,
             @NonNull Collection<Range<Integer>> ranges) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(ranges);
@@ -1172,13 +1175,13 @@
      *
      * @param enabled whether legacy lockdown VPN is enabled or disabled
      *
-     * TODO: @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
-     *
      * @hide
      */
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean enabled) {
         try {
             mService.setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(enabled);
@@ -1774,7 +1777,9 @@
         // Map from type to transports.
         final int NOT_FOUND = -1;
         final int transport = sLegacyTypeToTransport.get(type, NOT_FOUND);
-        Preconditions.checkArgument(transport != NOT_FOUND, "unknown legacy type: " + type);
+        if (transport == NOT_FOUND) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown legacy type: " + type);
+        }
         nc.addTransportType(transport);
 
         // Map from type to capabilities.
@@ -1879,8 +1884,8 @@
         }
 
         private PacketKeepalive(Network network, PacketKeepaliveCallback callback) {
-            Preconditions.checkNotNull(network, "network cannot be null");
-            Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(network, "network cannot be null");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
             mNetwork = network;
             mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
             mCallback = new ISocketKeepaliveCallback.Stub() {
@@ -2123,6 +2128,7 @@
      */
     @Deprecated
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int networkType, InetAddress hostAddress) {
         checkLegacyRoutingApiAccess();
         try {
@@ -2255,7 +2261,9 @@
      */
     public void removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(@NonNull OnNetworkActiveListener l) {
         INetworkActivityListener rl = mNetworkActivityListeners.get(l);
-        Preconditions.checkArgument(rl != null, "Listener was not registered.");
+        if (rl == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Listener was not registered.");
+        }
         try {
             mService.registerNetworkActivityListener(rl);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2283,8 +2291,8 @@
      * {@hide}
      */
     public ConnectivityManager(Context context, IConnectivityManager service) {
-        mContext = Preconditions.checkNotNull(context, "missing context");
-        mService = Preconditions.checkNotNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
+        mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing context");
+        mService = Objects.requireNonNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
         mTetheringManager = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
         sInstance = this;
     }
@@ -2316,7 +2324,7 @@
             @NonNull String callingPackage, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag,
             boolean throwException) {
         return Settings.checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(context, uid, callingPackage,
-                throwException);
+                callingAttributionTag, throwException);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2551,7 +2559,7 @@
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
     public void startTethering(int type, boolean showProvisioningUi,
             final OnStartTetheringCallback callback, Handler handler) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "OnStartTetheringCallback cannot be null.");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "OnStartTetheringCallback cannot be null.");
 
         final Executor executor = new Executor() {
             @Override
@@ -2644,7 +2652,7 @@
     public void registerTetheringEventCallback(
             @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
             @NonNull final OnTetheringEventCallback callback) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "OnTetheringEventCallback cannot be null.");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "OnTetheringEventCallback cannot be null.");
 
         final TetheringEventCallback tetherCallback =
                 new TetheringEventCallback() {
@@ -2942,7 +2950,7 @@
     public void getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int type, boolean showEntitlementUi,
             @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
             @NonNull final OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener listener) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(listener, "TetheringEntitlementResultListener cannot be null.");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(listener, "TetheringEntitlementResultListener cannot be null.");
         ResultReceiver wrappedListener = new ResultReceiver(null) {
             @Override
             protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
@@ -3315,7 +3323,9 @@
         }
 
         public NetworkCallback(@Flag int flags) {
-            Preconditions.checkArgument((flags & VALID_FLAGS) == flags);
+            if ((flags & VALID_FLAGS) != flags) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid flags");
+            }
             mFlags = flags;
         }
 
@@ -3601,7 +3611,7 @@
         }
 
         CallbackHandler(Handler handler) {
-            this(Preconditions.checkNotNull(handler, "Handler cannot be null.").getLooper());
+            this(Objects.requireNonNull(handler, "Handler cannot be null.").getLooper());
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -3699,9 +3709,9 @@
             int timeoutMs, NetworkRequest.Type reqType, int legacyType, CallbackHandler handler) {
         printStackTrace();
         checkCallbackNotNull(callback);
-        Preconditions.checkArgument(
-                reqType == TRACK_DEFAULT || reqType == TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT || need != null,
-                "null NetworkCapabilities");
+        if (reqType != TRACK_DEFAULT && reqType != TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT && need == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null NetworkCapabilities");
+        }
         final NetworkRequest request;
         final String callingPackageName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         try {
@@ -4048,15 +4058,17 @@
     }
 
     private static void checkPendingIntentNotNull(PendingIntent intent) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(intent, "PendingIntent cannot be null.");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(intent, "PendingIntent cannot be null.");
     }
 
     private static void checkCallbackNotNull(NetworkCallback callback) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "null NetworkCallback");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "null NetworkCallback");
     }
 
     private static void checkTimeout(int timeoutMs) {
-        Preconditions.checkArgumentPositive(timeoutMs, "timeoutMs must be strictly positive.");
+        if (timeoutMs <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeoutMs must be strictly positive.");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4336,8 +4348,9 @@
         // Find all requests associated to this callback and stop callback triggers immediately.
         // Callback is reusable immediately. http://b/20701525, http://b/35921499.
         synchronized (sCallbacks) {
-            Preconditions.checkArgument(networkCallback.networkRequest != null,
-                    "NetworkCallback was not registered");
+            if (networkCallback.networkRequest == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("NetworkCallback was not registered");
+            }
             if (networkCallback.networkRequest == ALREADY_UNREGISTERED) {
                 Log.d(TAG, "NetworkCallback was already unregistered");
                 return;
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/MacAddress.java b/framework/src/android/net/MacAddress.java
index c83c23a..26a504a 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/MacAddress.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/MacAddress.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 import com.android.net.module.util.MacAddressUtils;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * Representation of a MAC address.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public static @NonNull byte[] byteAddrFromStringAddr(String addr) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(addr);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(addr);
         String[] parts = addr.split(":");
         if (parts.length != ETHER_ADDR_LEN) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(addr + " was not a valid MAC address");
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
     // Internal conversion function equivalent to longAddrFromByteAddr(byteAddrFromStringAddr(addr))
     // that avoids the allocation of an intermediary byte[].
     private static long longAddrFromStringAddr(String addr) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(addr);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(addr);
         String[] parts = addr.split(":");
         if (parts.length != ETHER_ADDR_LEN) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(addr + " was not a valid MAC address");
@@ -364,8 +364,8 @@
      *
      */
     public boolean matches(@NonNull MacAddress baseAddress, @NonNull MacAddress mask) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(baseAddress);
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(mask);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(baseAddress);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mask);
         return (mAddr & mask.mAddr) == (baseAddress.mAddr & mask.mAddr);
     }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index afd94dd..c9c0940 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
@@ -33,10 +34,10 @@
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
 
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@
             setTransportInfo(null);
         }
         mSignalStrength = nc.mSignalStrength;
-        setUids(nc.mUids); // Will make the defensive copy
+        mUids = (nc.mUids == null) ? null : new ArraySet<>(nc.mUids);
         setAdministratorUids(nc.getAdministratorUids());
         mOwnerUid = nc.mOwnerUid;
         mUnwantedNetworkCapabilities = nc.mUnwantedNetworkCapabilities;
@@ -1520,9 +1521,8 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setSingleUid(int uid) {
-        final ArraySet<UidRange> identity = new ArraySet<>(1);
-        identity.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
-        setUids(identity);
+        mUids = new ArraySet<>(1);
+        mUids.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -1531,22 +1531,34 @@
      * This makes a copy of the set so that callers can't modify it after the call.
      * @hide
      */
-    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setUids(Set<UidRange> uids) {
-        if (null == uids) {
-            mUids = null;
-        } else {
-            mUids = new ArraySet<>(uids);
-        }
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setUids(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
+        mUids = UidRange.fromIntRanges(uids);
         return this;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the list of UIDs this network applies to.
      * This returns a copy of the set so that callers can't modify the original object.
+     *
+     * @return the list of UIDs this network applies to. If {@code null}, then the network applies
+     *         to all UIDs.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @SuppressLint("NullableCollection")
+    public @Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> getUids() {
+        return UidRange.toIntRanges(mUids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of UIDs this network applies to.
+     * This returns a copy of the set so that callers can't modify the original object.
      * @hide
      */
-    public @Nullable Set<UidRange> getUids() {
-        return null == mUids ? null : new ArraySet<>(mUids);
+    public @Nullable Set<UidRange> getUidRanges() {
+        if (mUids == null) return null;
+
+        return new ArraySet<>(mUids);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2161,8 +2173,9 @@
     }
 
     private static void checkValidTransportType(@Transport int transport) {
-        Preconditions.checkArgument(
-                isValidTransport(transport), "Invalid TransportType " + transport);
+        if (!isValidTransport(transport)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid TransportType " + transport);
+        }
     }
 
     private static boolean isValidCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
@@ -2170,8 +2183,9 @@
     }
 
     private static void checkValidCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
-        Preconditions.checkArgument(isValidCapability(capability),
-                "NetworkCapability " + capability + "out of range");
+        if (!isValidCapability(capability)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("NetworkCapability " + capability + "out of range");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2734,6 +2748,21 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Set the list of UIDs this network applies to.
+         *
+         * @param uids the list of UIDs this network applies to, or {@code null} if this network
+         *             applies to all UIDs.
+         * @return this builder
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder setUids(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
+            mCaps.setUids(uids);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Builds the instance of the capabilities.
          *
          * @return the built instance of NetworkCapabilities.
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index dbe3ecc..cf131f0 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability;
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -277,11 +279,14 @@
          * Set the watched UIDs for this request. This will be reset and wiped out unless
          * the calling app holds the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission.
          *
-         * @param uids The watched UIDs as a set of UidRanges, or null for everything.
+         * @param uids The watched UIDs as a set of {@code Range<Integer>}, or null for everything.
          * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
          * @hide
          */
-        public Builder setUids(Set<UidRange> uids) {
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        @SuppressLint("MissingGetterMatchingBuilder")
+        public Builder setUids(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
             mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(uids);
             return this;
         }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java b/framework/src/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
index ce54597..7904f7a 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
 
 import java.net.InetAddress;
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@
          * @return The {@link Builder} for chaining.
          */
         public @NonNull Builder setDnsServers(@NonNull Iterable<InetAddress> dnsServers) {
-            Preconditions.checkNotNull(dnsServers);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(dnsServers);
             mDnsServers = dnsServers;
             return this;
         }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
index a174a7b..a7a6235 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
-
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * Class that allows creation and management of per-app, test-only networks
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@
 
     /** @hide */
     public TestNetworkManager(@NonNull ITestNetworkManager service) {
-        mService = Preconditions.checkNotNull(service, "missing ITestNetworkManager");
+        mService = Objects.requireNonNull(service, "missing ITestNetworkManager");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@
      */
     public void setupTestNetwork(
             @NonNull LinkProperties lp, boolean isMetered, @NonNull IBinder binder) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(lp, "Invalid LinkProperties");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(lp, "Invalid LinkProperties");
         setupTestNetwork(lp.getInterfaceName(), lp, isMetered, new int[0], binder);
     }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkSpecifier.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkSpecifier.java
index b7470a5..117457d 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkSpecifier.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkSpecifier.java
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
-
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
@@ -43,7 +41,9 @@
     private final String mInterfaceName;
 
     public TestNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull String interfaceName) {
-        Preconditions.checkStringNotEmpty(interfaceName);
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(interfaceName)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Empty interfaceName");
+        }
         mInterfaceName = interfaceName;
     }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java b/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java
index 26518d3..bc67c74 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java
@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
 
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * An inclusive range of UIDs.
@@ -149,4 +152,32 @@
         }
         return false;
     }
+
+    /**
+     *  Convert a set of {@code Range<Integer>} to a set of {@link UidRange}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static ArraySet<UidRange> fromIntRanges(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> ranges) {
+        if (null == ranges) return null;
+
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (Range<Integer> range : ranges) {
+            uids.add(new UidRange(range.getLower(), range.getUpper()));
+        }
+        return uids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Convert a set of {@link UidRange} to a set of {@code Range<Integer>}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static ArraySet<Range<Integer>> toIntRanges(@Nullable Set<UidRange> ranges) {
+        if (null == ranges) return null;
+
+        final ArraySet<Range<Integer>> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (UidRange range : ranges) {
+            uids.add(new Range<Integer>(range.start, range.stop));
+        }
+        return uids;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
index 71674e4..9ff2a22 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@
         <item>1,3</item>
     </string-array>
 
+    <!-- Reserved privileged keepalive slots per transport. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots">2</integer>
+
+    <!-- Allowed unprivileged keepalive slots per uid. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid">2</integer>
 
     <!-- Default value for ConnectivityManager.getMultipathPreference() on metered networks. Actual
          device behaviour is controlled by the metered multipath preference in
@@ -89,4 +94,33 @@
          Settings.Global.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI. This is the default value of that setting. -->
     <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkAvoidBadWifi">1</integer>
 
+    <!-- Array of ConnectivityManager.TYPE_xxxx constants for networks that may only
+         be controlled by systemOrSignature apps.  -->
+    <integer-array translatable="false" name="config_protectedNetworks">
+        <item>10</item>
+        <item>11</item>
+        <item>12</item>
+        <item>14</item>
+        <item>15</item>
+    </integer-array>
+
+    <!-- Whether the internal vehicle network should remain active even when no
+         apps requested it. -->
+    <bool name="config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested">false</bool>
+
+
+    <!-- If the hardware supports specially marking packets that caused a wakeup of the
+         main CPU, set this value to the mark used. -->
+    <integer name="config_networkWakeupPacketMark">0</integer>
+
+    <!-- Mask to use when checking skb mark defined in config_networkWakeupPacketMark above. -->
+    <integer name="config_networkWakeupPacketMask">0</integer>
+
+    <!-- Whether/how to notify the user on network switches. See LingerMonitor.java. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkNotifySwitchType">0</integer>
+
+    <!-- What types of network switches to notify. See LingerMonitor.java. -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_networkNotifySwitches">
+    </string-array>
+
 </resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
index 25e19ce..717d08e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@
             <item type="integer" name="config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference"/>
             <item type="array" name="config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount"/>
             <item type="integer" name="config_networkAvoidBadWifi"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_protectedNetworks"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkWakeupPacketMark"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkWakeupPacketMask"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkNotifySwitchType"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_networkNotifySwitches"/>
 
         </policy>
     </overlayable>
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 1fba37b..78c9358 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
@@ -820,8 +821,7 @@
 
         private ArrayMap<Integer, Integer> loadRestoreTimers() {
             final String[] configs = mService.mResources.get().getStringArray(
-                    com.android.connectivity.resources.R.array
-                            .config_legacy_networktype_restore_timers);
+                    R.array.config_legacy_networktype_restore_timers);
             final ArrayMap<Integer, Integer> ret = new ArrayMap<>(configs.length);
             for (final String config : configs) {
                 final String[] splits = TextUtils.split(config, ",");
@@ -1259,8 +1259,7 @@
 
         mLegacyTypeTracker.loadSupportedTypes(mContext, mTelephonyManager);
         mProtectedNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
-        int[] protectedNetworks = context.getResources().getIntArray(
-                com.android.internal.R.array.config_protectedNetworks);
+        int[] protectedNetworks = mResources.get().getIntArray(R.array.config_protectedNetworks);
         for (int p : protectedNetworks) {
             if (mLegacyTypeTracker.isTypeSupported(p) && !mProtectedNetworks.contains(p)) {
                 mProtectedNetworks.add(p);
@@ -1338,7 +1337,7 @@
         netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
         netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
         netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
-        netCap.setUids(Collections.singleton(uids));
+        netCap.setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(Collections.singleton(uids)));
         return netCap;
     }
 
@@ -1425,8 +1424,14 @@
                 ConnectivitySettingsManager.MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, true /* defaultValue */);
         handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(mDefaultWifiRequest,
                 ConnectivitySettingsManager.WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED, false /* defaultValue */);
+        final boolean vehicleAlwaysRequested = mResources.get().getBoolean(
+                R.bool.config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested);
+        // TODO (b/183076074): remove legacy fallback after migrating overlays
+        final boolean legacyAlwaysRequested = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
+                mContext.getResources().getIdentifier(
+                        "config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested", "bool", "android"));
         handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(mDefaultVehicleRequest,
-                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested);
+                vehicleAlwaysRequested || legacyAlwaysRequested);
     }
 
     private void registerSettingsCallbacks() {
@@ -2968,7 +2973,7 @@
             if (0 == defaultRequest.mRequests.size()) {
                 pw.println("none, this should never occur.");
             } else {
-                pw.println(defaultRequest.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids());
+                pw.println(defaultRequest.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUidRanges());
             }
             pw.decreaseIndent();
             pw.decreaseIndent();
@@ -4732,7 +4737,7 @@
         mWakelockLogs.log("ACQUIRE for " + forWhom);
         Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_EXPIRE_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK);
         final int lockTimeout = mResources.get().getInteger(
-                com.android.connectivity.resources.R.integer.config_networkTransitionTimeout);
+                R.integer.config_networkTransitionTimeout);
         mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, lockTimeout);
     }
 
@@ -5085,7 +5090,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn, UidRange[] ranges) {
-        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
         mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_REQUIRE_VPN_FOR_UIDS,
                 encodeBool(requireVpn), 0 /* arg2 */, ranges));
     }
@@ -5123,7 +5128,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean enabled) {
-        enforceSettingsPermission();
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
         mHandler.post(() -> mLockdownEnabled = enabled);
     }
 
@@ -5393,9 +5398,8 @@
         private Set<UidRange> getUids() {
             // networkCapabilities.getUids() returns a defensive copy.
             // multilayer requests will all have the same uids so return the first one.
-            final Set<UidRange> uids = null == mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids()
-                    ? new ArraySet<>() : mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids();
-            return uids;
+            final Set<UidRange> uids = mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUidRanges();
+            return (null == uids) ? new ArraySet<>() : uids;
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(@NonNull final NetworkRequest r, @Nullable final PendingIntent pi,
@@ -6201,7 +6205,7 @@
         for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
             // Currently, all network requests will have the same uids therefore checking the first
             // one is sufficient. If/when uids are tracked at the nri level, this can change.
-            final Set<UidRange> uids = nri.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids();
+            final Set<UidRange> uids = nri.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUidRanges();
             if (null == uids) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -6463,10 +6467,16 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        int mark = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
-            com.android.internal.R.integer.config_networkWakeupPacketMark);
-        int mask = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
-            com.android.internal.R.integer.config_networkWakeupPacketMask);
+        int mark = mResources.get().getInteger(R.integer.config_networkWakeupPacketMark);
+        int mask = mResources.get().getInteger(R.integer.config_networkWakeupPacketMask);
+
+        // TODO (b/183076074): remove legacy fallback after migrating overlays
+        final int legacyMark = mContext.getResources().getInteger(mContext.getResources()
+                .getIdentifier("config_networkWakeupPacketMark", "integer", "android"));
+        final int legacyMask = mContext.getResources().getInteger(mContext.getResources()
+                .getIdentifier("config_networkWakeupPacketMask", "integer", "android"));
+        mark = mark == 0 ? legacyMark : mark;
+        mask = mask == 0 ? legacyMask : mask;
 
         // Mask/mark of zero will not detect anything interesting.
         // Don't install rules unless both values are nonzero.
@@ -6642,7 +6652,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges = nai.networkCapabilities.getUids();
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = nai.networkCapabilities.getUidRanges();
         final int vpnAppUid = nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid();
         // TODO: this create a window of opportunity for apps to receive traffic between the time
         // when the old rules are removed and the time when new rules are added. To fix this,
@@ -6659,8 +6669,7 @@
     private void updateWakeOnLan(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
         if (mWolSupportedInterfaces == null) {
             mWolSupportedInterfaces = new ArraySet<>(mResources.get().getStringArray(
-                    com.android.connectivity.resources.R.array
-                            .config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces));
+                    R.array.config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces));
         }
         lp.setWakeOnLanSupported(mWolSupportedInterfaces.contains(lp.getInterfaceName()));
     }
@@ -7007,8 +7016,8 @@
 
     private void updateUids(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities prevNc,
             NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
-        Set<UidRange> prevRanges = null == prevNc ? null : prevNc.getUids();
-        Set<UidRange> newRanges = null == newNc ? null : newNc.getUids();
+        Set<UidRange> prevRanges = null == prevNc ? null : prevNc.getUidRanges();
+        Set<UidRange> newRanges = null == newNc ? null : newNc.getUidRanges();
         if (null == prevRanges) prevRanges = new ArraySet<>();
         if (null == newRanges) newRanges = new ArraySet<>();
         final Set<UidRange> prevRangesCopy = new ArraySet<>(prevRanges);
@@ -8224,7 +8233,7 @@
     public String getCaptivePortalServerUrl() {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
         String settingUrl = mResources.get().getString(
-                com.android.connectivity.resources.R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl);
+                R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl);
 
         if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(settingUrl)) {
             return settingUrl;
@@ -9339,7 +9348,7 @@
             final ArrayList<NetworkRequest> nrs = new ArrayList<>();
             nrs.add(createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, pref.capabilities));
             nrs.add(createDefaultRequest());
-            setNetworkRequestUids(nrs, pref.capabilities.getUids());
+            setNetworkRequestUids(nrs, UidRange.fromIntRanges(pref.capabilities.getUids()));
             final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(nrs);
             result.add(nri);
         }
@@ -9555,9 +9564,8 @@
 
     private static void setNetworkRequestUids(@NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> requests,
             @NonNull final Set<UidRange> uids) {
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>(uids);
         for (final NetworkRequest req : requests) {
-            req.networkCapabilities.setUids(ranges);
+            req.networkCapabilities.setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(uids));
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
index 7b20ded..74e4ae7 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
 import android.net.ISocketKeepaliveCallback;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.InvalidPacketException;
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
-import com.android.internal.R;
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils;
@@ -111,10 +112,19 @@
         mTcpController = new TcpKeepaliveController(handler);
         mContext = context;
         mSupportedKeepalives = KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalives(mContext);
-        mReservedPrivilegedSlots = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
-                R.integer.config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots);
-        mAllowedUnprivilegedSlotsForUid = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
-                R.integer.config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid);
+
+        // TODO (b/183076074): stop reading legacy resources after migrating overlays
+        final int legacyReservedSlots = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
+                mContext.getResources().getIdentifier(
+                        "config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots", "integer", "android"));
+        final int legacyAllowedSlots = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
+                mContext.getResources().getIdentifier(
+                        "config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid", "integer", "android"));
+        final ConnectivityResources res = new ConnectivityResources(mContext);
+        mReservedPrivilegedSlots = Math.min(legacyReservedSlots, res.get().getInteger(
+                R.integer.config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots));
+        mAllowedUnprivilegedSlotsForUid = Math.min(legacyAllowedSlots, res.get().getInteger(
+                R.integer.config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitor.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitor.java
index adec7ad..032612c 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitor.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitor.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@
 import android.util.SparseBooleanArray;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
-import com.android.internal.R;
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@
             new Class[] { LingerMonitor.class }, new String[]{ "NOTIFY_TYPE_" });
 
     private final Context mContext;
+    final Resources mResources;
     private final NetworkNotificationManager mNotifier;
     private final int mDailyLimit;
     private final long mRateLimitMillis;
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@
     public LingerMonitor(Context context, NetworkNotificationManager notifier,
             int dailyLimit, long rateLimitMillis) {
         mContext = context;
+        mResources = new ConnectivityResources(mContext).get();
         mNotifier = notifier;
         mDailyLimit = dailyLimit;
         mRateLimitMillis = rateLimitMillis;
@@ -128,8 +132,7 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     public boolean isNotificationEnabled(NetworkAgentInfo fromNai, NetworkAgentInfo toNai) {
         // TODO: Evaluate moving to CarrierConfigManager.
-        String[] notifySwitches =
-                mContext.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.config_networkNotifySwitches);
+        String[] notifySwitches = mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_networkNotifySwitches);
 
         if (VDBG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Notify on network switches: " + Arrays.toString(notifySwitches));
@@ -178,8 +181,7 @@
 
     // Notify the user of a network switch using a notification or a toast.
     private void notify(NetworkAgentInfo fromNai, NetworkAgentInfo toNai, boolean forceToast) {
-        int notifyType =
-                mContext.getResources().getInteger(R.integer.config_networkNotifySwitchType);
+        int notifyType = mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_networkNotifySwitchType);
         if (notifyType == NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION && forceToast) {
             notifyType = NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST;
         }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
index 5e6b9f3..2e51be3 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.internal.util.TrafficStatsConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
                 int sockType, int protocol, long writeTimeout, long readTimeout, int dstPort)
                 throws ErrnoException, IOException {
             final int oldTag = TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(
-                    TrafficStatsConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+                    NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
             try {
                 mFileDescriptor = Os.socket(mAddressFamily, sockType, protocol);
             } finally {
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@
             if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
 
             // No need to restore the tag, since this thread is only used for this measurement.
-            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(TrafficStatsConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
 
             try (SSLSocket sslSocket = setupSSLSocket()) {
                 sendDoTProbe(sslSocket);
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index 17165fc..d40b88c 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
 
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
@@ -241,72 +242,93 @@
     @Test
     public void testSetUids() {
         final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        final Set<UidRange> uids = new ArraySet<>();
-        uids.add(new UidRange(50, 100));
-        uids.add(new UidRange(3000, 4000));
-        netCap.setUids(uids);
-        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(50));
-        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(80));
-        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(100));
+        // Null uids match all UIDs
+        netCap.setUids(null);
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(10));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(200));
         assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(3000));
-        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(3001));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(10));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(25));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(49));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(101));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(2000));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(100000));
-
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(10010));
         assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(50, 100)));
         assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(70, 72)));
         assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(3500, 3912)));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100)));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(49, 100)));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 10)));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(60, 101)));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(60, 3400)));
-
-        NetworkCapabilities netCap2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        // A new netcap object has null UIDs, so anything will satisfy it.
-        assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
-        // Still not equal though.
-        assertFalse(netCap2.equalsUids(netCap));
-        netCap2.setUids(uids);
-        assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
-        assertTrue(netCap.equalsUids(netCap2));
-        assertTrue(netCap2.equalsUids(netCap));
-
-        uids.add(new UidRange(600, 700));
-        netCap2.setUids(uids);
-        assertFalse(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(650));
-        assertTrue(netCap2.appliesToUid(650));
-        netCap.combineCapabilities(netCap2);
-        assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
-        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(650));
-        assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(500));
-
-        assertTrue(new NetworkCapabilities().satisfiedByUids(netCap));
-        netCap.combineCapabilities(new NetworkCapabilities());
-        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(500));
         assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100000)));
-        assertFalse(netCap2.appliesToUid(500));
-        assertFalse(netCap2.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100000)));
-        assertTrue(new NetworkCapabilities().satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            final Set<Range<Integer>> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+            uids.add(uidRange(50, 100));
+            uids.add(uidRange(3000, 4000));
+            netCap.setUids(uids);
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(50));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(80));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(100));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(3000));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(3001));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(10));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(25));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(49));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(101));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(2000));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(100000));
+
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(50, 100)));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(70, 72)));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(3500, 3912)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(49, 100)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 10)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(60, 101)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(60, 3400)));
+
+            NetworkCapabilities netCap2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+            // A new netcap object has null UIDs, so anything will satisfy it.
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            // Still not equal though.
+            assertFalse(netCap2.equalsUids(netCap));
+            netCap2.setUids(uids);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.equalsUids(netCap2));
+            assertTrue(netCap2.equalsUids(netCap));
+
+            uids.add(uidRange(600, 700));
+            netCap2.setUids(uids);
+            assertFalse(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(650));
+            assertTrue(netCap2.appliesToUid(650));
+            netCap.combineCapabilities(netCap2);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(650));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(500));
+
+            assertTrue(new NetworkCapabilities().satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            netCap.combineCapabilities(new NetworkCapabilities());
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(500));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100000)));
+            assertFalse(netCap2.appliesToUid(500));
+            assertFalse(netCap2.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100000)));
+            assertTrue(new NetworkCapabilities().satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+
+            // Null uids satisfies everything.
+            netCap.setUids(null);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.satisfiedByUids(netCap2));
+            netCap2.setUids(null);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.satisfiedByUids(netCap2));
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testParcelNetworkCapabilities() {
-        final Set<UidRange> uids = new ArraySet<>();
-        uids.add(new UidRange(50, 100));
-        uids.add(new UidRange(3000, 4000));
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        uids.add(uidRange(50, 100));
+        uids.add(uidRange(3000, 4000));
         final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities()
             .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-            .setUids(uids)
             .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
             .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
         if (isAtLeastS()) {
             netCap.setSubIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID2));
+            netCap.setUids(uids);
         } else if (isAtLeastR()) {
             netCap.setOwnerUid(123);
             netCap.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {5, 11});
@@ -531,12 +553,16 @@
         assertFalse(nc1.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc2));
     }
 
-    private ArraySet<UidRange> uidRange(int from, int to) {
-        final ArraySet<UidRange> range = new ArraySet<>(1);
-        range.add(new UidRange(from, to));
+    private ArraySet<Range<Integer>> uidRanges(int from, int to) {
+        final ArraySet<Range<Integer>> range = new ArraySet<>(1);
+        range.add(uidRange(from, to));
         return range;
     }
 
+    private Range<Integer> uidRange(int from, int to) {
+        return new Range<Integer>(from, to);
+    }
+
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testSetAdministratorUids() {
         NetworkCapabilities nc =
@@ -592,23 +618,23 @@
         } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {}
         nc1.setSSID(TEST_SSID);
 
-        nc1.setUids(uidRange(10, 13));
-        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
-        nc2.combineCapabilities(nc1);  // Everything + 10~13 is still everything.
-        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
-        nc1.combineCapabilities(nc2);  // 10~13 + everything is everything.
-        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
-        nc1.setUids(uidRange(10, 13));
-        nc2.setUids(uidRange(20, 23));
-        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
-        nc1.combineCapabilities(nc2);
-        assertTrue(nc1.appliesToUid(12));
-        assertFalse(nc2.appliesToUid(12));
-        assertTrue(nc1.appliesToUid(22));
-        assertTrue(nc2.appliesToUid(22));
-
-        // Verify the subscription id list can be combined only when they are equal.
         if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            nc1.setUids(uidRanges(10, 13));
+            assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+            nc2.combineCapabilities(nc1);  // Everything + 10~13 is still everything.
+            assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+            nc1.combineCapabilities(nc2);  // 10~13 + everything is everything.
+            assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+            nc1.setUids(uidRanges(10, 13));
+            nc2.setUids(uidRanges(20, 23));
+            assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+            nc1.combineCapabilities(nc2);
+            assertTrue(nc1.appliesToUid(12));
+            assertFalse(nc2.appliesToUid(12));
+            assertTrue(nc1.appliesToUid(22));
+            assertTrue(nc2.appliesToUid(22));
+
+            // Verify the subscription id list can be combined only when they are equal.
             nc1.setSubIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID2));
             nc2.setSubIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID2));
             assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> nc2.combineCapabilities(nc1));
@@ -764,8 +790,11 @@
         if (isAtLeastR()) {
             assertTrue(DIFFERENT_TEST_SSID.equals(nc2.getSsid()));
         }
-
-        nc1.setUids(uidRange(10, 13));
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            nc1.setUids(uidRanges(10, 13));
+        } else {
+            nc1.setUids(null);
+        }
         nc2.set(nc1);  // Overwrites, as opposed to combineCapabilities
         assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
 
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index 01d8186..e2d43cb 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@
 import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.QosFilter;
 import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
-import android.net.UidRange;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityConstants;
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
         mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
     }
 
-    public void setUids(Set<UidRange> uids) {
+    public void setUids(Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
         mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(uids);
         mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
     }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 1b11ed0..88f42c1 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
+import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
@@ -1161,7 +1162,7 @@
         }
 
         public void setUids(Set<UidRange> uids) {
-            mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(uids);
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(uids));
             if (mAgentRegistered) {
                 mMockNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities, true);
             }
@@ -1177,11 +1178,6 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public int getNetId() {
-            return (mMockNetworkAgent == null) ? NETID_UNSET : mMockNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
-        }
-
-        @Override
         public int getActiveVpnType() {
             return mVpnType;
         }
@@ -1205,10 +1201,12 @@
                     mNetworkCapabilities);
             mMockNetworkAgent.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS);
 
-            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetId()),
+            final int expectedNetId = mMockVpn.getNetwork() == null ? NETID_UNSET
+                    : mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId();
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(eq(expectedNetId),
                     eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(uids)));
             verify(mMockNetd, never())
-                    .networkRemoveUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetId()), any());
+                    .networkRemoveUidRanges(eq(expectedNetId), any());
             mAgentRegistered = true;
             updateState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED, "registerAgent");
             mNetworkCapabilities.set(mMockNetworkAgent.getNetworkCapabilities());
@@ -1451,6 +1449,8 @@
     }
 
     private static final int PRIMARY_USER = 0;
+    private static final UidRange PRIMARY_UIDRANGE =
+            UidRange.createForUser(UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER));
     private static final int APP1_UID = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, 10100);
     private static final int APP2_UID = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, 10101);
     private static final int VPN_UID = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, 10043);
@@ -1564,25 +1564,26 @@
         }).when(deps).makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(any(), any(), any());
         doReturn(true).when(deps).getCellular464XlatEnabled();
 
-        doReturn(60000).when(mResources).getInteger(
-                com.android.connectivity.resources.R.integer.config_networkTransitionTimeout);
-        doReturn("").when(mResources).getString(
-                com.android.connectivity.resources.R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl);
+        doReturn(60000).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkTransitionTimeout);
+        doReturn("").when(mResources).getString(R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl);
         doReturn(new String[]{ WIFI_WOL_IFNAME }).when(mResources).getStringArray(
-                com.android.connectivity.resources.R.array.config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces);
+                R.array.config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces);
         doReturn(new String[] { "0,1", "1,3" }).when(mResources).getStringArray(
-                com.android.connectivity.resources.R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount);
-        doReturn(com.android.connectivity.resources.R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount)
-                .when(mResources).getIdentifier(eq("config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount"),
-                eq("array"), any());
-        doReturn(com.android.connectivity.resources.R.array.network_switch_type_name)
-                .when(mResources).getIdentifier(eq("network_switch_type_name"),
-                eq("array"), any());
-
+                R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount);
+        doReturn(new String[0]).when(mResources).getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_networkNotifySwitches);
+        doReturn(new int[]{10, 11, 12, 14, 15}).when(mResources).getIntArray(
+                R.array.config_protectedNetworks);
         // We don't test the actual notification value strings, so just return an empty array.
         // It doesn't matter what the values are as long as it's not null.
         doReturn(new String[0]).when(mResources).getStringArray(R.array.network_switch_type_name);
 
+        doReturn(R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount).when(mResources)
+                .getIdentifier(eq("config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount"), eq("array"), any());
+        doReturn(R.array.network_switch_type_name).when(mResources)
+                .getIdentifier(eq("network_switch_type_name"), eq("array"), any());
+
+
         final ConnectivityResources connRes = mock(ConnectivityResources.class);
         doReturn(mResources).when(connRes).get();
         doReturn(connRes).when(deps).getResources(any());
@@ -3796,7 +3797,7 @@
      * @return the context's attribution tag
      */
     private String getAttributionTag() {
-        return null;
+        return mContext.getAttributionTag();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -6949,7 +6950,7 @@
         final int uid = Process.myUid();
         NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
         assertNotNull("nc=" + nc, nc.getUids());
-        assertEquals(nc.getUids(), uidRangesForUids(uid));
+        assertEquals(nc.getUids(), UidRange.toIntRanges(uidRangesForUids(uid)));
         assertVpnTransportInfo(nc, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
 
         // Set an underlying network and expect to see the VPN transports change.
@@ -6974,10 +6975,13 @@
 
         // Expect that the VPN UID ranges contain both |uid| and the UID range for the newly-added
         // restricted user.
+        final UidRange rRange = UidRange.createForUser(UserHandle.of(RESTRICTED_USER));
+        final Range<Integer> restrictUidRange = new Range<Integer>(rRange.start, rRange.stop);
+        final Range<Integer> singleUidRange = new Range<Integer>(uid, uid);
         callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (caps)
                 -> caps.getUids().size() == 2
-                && caps.getUids().contains(new UidRange(uid, uid))
-                && caps.getUids().contains(createUidRange(RESTRICTED_USER))
+                && caps.getUids().contains(singleUidRange)
+                && caps.getUids().contains(restrictUidRange)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
 
@@ -6986,8 +6990,8 @@
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (caps)
                 -> caps.getUids().size() == 2
-                && caps.getUids().contains(new UidRange(uid, uid))
-                && caps.getUids().contains(createUidRange(RESTRICTED_USER))
+                && caps.getUids().contains(singleUidRange)
+                && caps.getUids().contains(restrictUidRange)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
 
@@ -7001,7 +7005,7 @@
         // change made just before that (i.e., loss of TRANSPORT_WIFI) is preserved.
         callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (caps)
                 -> caps.getUids().size() == 1
-                && caps.getUids().contains(new UidRange(uid, uid))
+                && caps.getUids().contains(singleUidRange)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
     }
@@ -7659,7 +7663,7 @@
         assertNotNull(underlying);
         mMockVpn.setVpnType(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY);
         // The legacy lockdown VPN only supports userId 0.
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges = Collections.singleton(createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER));
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
         mMockVpn.registerAgent(ranges);
         mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[]{underlying});
         mMockVpn.connect(true);
@@ -8621,7 +8625,7 @@
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRange);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, VPN_UID);
 
@@ -8649,7 +8653,7 @@
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
 
@@ -8665,7 +8669,7 @@
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "tun0"));
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
 
@@ -8680,7 +8684,7 @@
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRange);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, VPN_UID);
 
@@ -8732,7 +8736,7 @@
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
-        final UidRange vpnRange = createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER);
+        final UidRange vpnRange = PRIMARY_UIDRANGE;
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(vpnRange);
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRanges);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
@@ -9197,7 +9201,7 @@
 
     private void setupConnectionOwnerUid(int vpnOwnerUid, @VpnManager.VpnType int vpnType)
             throws Exception {
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
         mMockVpn.setVpnType(vpnType);
         mMockVpn.establish(new LinkProperties(), vpnOwnerUid, vpnRange);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, vpnOwnerUid);
@@ -9738,11 +9742,14 @@
                 exemptUidCaptor.capture());
         assertContainsExactly(exemptUidCaptor.getValue(), Process.VPN_UID, exemptUid);
 
+        final int expectedNetId = mMockVpn.getNetwork() == null ? NETID_UNSET
+                : mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId();
+
         if (add) {
-            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetId()),
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(eq(expectedNetId),
                     eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)));
         } else {
-            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetId()),
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRanges(eq(expectedNetId),
                     eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)));
         }
 
@@ -9757,7 +9764,7 @@
         lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
-        final UidRange vpnRange = createUidRange(PRIMARY_USER);
+        final UidRange vpnRange = PRIMARY_UIDRANGE;
         Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(vpnRange);
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRanges);
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
@@ -9955,7 +9962,7 @@
                 .thenReturn(hasFeature);
     }
 
-    private UidRange getNriFirstUidRange(
+    private Range<Integer> getNriFirstUidRange(
             @NonNull final ConnectivityService.NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
         return nri.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids().iterator().next();
     }
@@ -10138,11 +10145,11 @@
                                 pref));
 
         // Sort by uid to access nris by index
-        nris.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(nri -> getNriFirstUidRange(nri).start));
-        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(0)).start);
-        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(0)).stop);
-        assertEquals(testPackageNameUid2, getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(1)).start);
-        assertEquals(testPackageNameUid2, getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(1)).stop);
+        nris.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(nri -> getNriFirstUidRange(nri).getLower()));
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(0)).getLower());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(0)).getUpper());
+        assertEquals(testPackageNameUid2, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(1)).getLower());
+        assertEquals(testPackageNameUid2, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(1)).getUpper());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -10172,17 +10179,17 @@
         // UIDs for all users and all managed packages should be present.
         // Two users each with two packages.
         final int expectedUidSize = 2;
-        final List<UidRange> uids =
+        final List<Range<Integer>> uids =
                 new ArrayList<>(nris.get(0).mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids());
         assertEquals(expectedUidSize, uids.size());
 
         // Sort by uid to access nris by index
-        uids.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(uid -> uid.start));
+        uids.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(uid -> uid.getLower()));
         final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(secondUser, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
-        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, uids.get(0).start);
-        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, uids.get(0).stop);
-        assertEquals(secondUserTestPackageUid, uids.get(1).start);
-        assertEquals(secondUserTestPackageUid, uids.get(1).stop);
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, (int) uids.get(0).getLower());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, (int) uids.get(0).getUpper());
+        assertEquals(secondUserTestPackageUid, (int) uids.get(1).getLower());
+        assertEquals(secondUserTestPackageUid, (int) uids.get(1).getUpper());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
index 9ab60a4..116d755 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
 import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -47,10 +48,11 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.internal.R;
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -84,10 +86,16 @@
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         when(mCtx.getResources()).thenReturn(mResources);
         when(mCtx.getPackageName()).thenReturn("com.android.server.connectivity");
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mCtx);
 
         mMonitor = new TestableLingerMonitor(mCtx, mNotifier, HIGH_DAILY_LIMIT, HIGH_RATE_LIMIT);
     }
 
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testTransitions() {
         setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
index 3adf08c..dde77b0 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@
 
     @Mock Context mCtx;
     @Mock Resources mResources;
+    @Mock DisplayMetrics mDisplayMetrics;
     @Mock PackageManager mPm;
     @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
     @Mock NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
@@ -102,6 +104,17 @@
 
     NetworkNotificationManager mManager;
 
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpClass() {
+        Notification.DevFlags.sForceDefaults = true;
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownClass() {
+        Notification.DevFlags.sForceDefaults = false;
+    }
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
@@ -112,6 +125,7 @@
         mCellNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
         mVpnNai.networkCapabilities = VPN_CAPABILITIES;
         mVpnNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
+        mDisplayMetrics.density = 2.275f;
         doReturn(true).when(mVpnNai).isVPN();
         when(mCtx.getResources()).thenReturn(mResources);
         when(mCtx.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPm);
@@ -124,6 +138,7 @@
         when(mNetworkInfo.getExtraInfo()).thenReturn(TEST_EXTRA_INFO);
         ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mCtx);
         when(mResources.getColor(anyInt(), any())).thenReturn(0xFF607D8B);
+        when(mResources.getDisplayMetrics()).thenReturn(mDisplayMetrics);
 
         // Come up with some credible-looking transport names. The actual values do not matter.
         String[] transportNames = new String[NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT + 1];
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 11fcea6..6ad4900 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
 import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_DOWN;
 import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
+import static android.os.UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -74,7 +75,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
-import android.net.UidRange;
 import android.net.UidRangeParcel;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.VpnService;
@@ -181,8 +181,7 @@
             mPackages.put(PKGS[i], PKG_UIDS[i]);
         }
     }
-    private static final UidRange PRI_USER_RANGE =
-            UidRange.createForUser(UserHandle.of(primaryUser.id));
+    private static final Range<Integer> PRI_USER_RANGE = uidRangeForUser(primaryUser.id);
 
     @Mock(answer = Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS) private Context mContext;
     @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
@@ -260,6 +259,21 @@
                 .thenReturn(tunnelResp);
     }
 
+    private Set<Range<Integer>> rangeSet(Range<Integer> ... ranges) {
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> range = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (Range<Integer> r : ranges) range.add(r);
+
+        return range;
+    }
+
+    private static Range<Integer> uidRangeForUser(int userId) {
+        return new Range<Integer>(userId * PER_USER_RANGE, (userId + 1) * PER_USER_RANGE - 1);
+    }
+
+    private Range<Integer> uidRange(int start, int stop) {
+        return new Range<Integer>(start, stop);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testRestrictedProfilesAreAddedToVpn() {
         setMockedUsers(primaryUser, secondaryUser, restrictedProfileA, restrictedProfileB);
@@ -268,12 +282,10 @@
 
         // Assume the user can have restricted profiles.
         doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges =
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges =
                 vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id, null, null);
 
-        assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
-                PRI_USER_RANGE, UidRange.createForUser(UserHandle.of(restrictedProfileA.id))
-        })), ranges);
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRI_USER_RANGE, uidRangeForUser(restrictedProfileA.id)), ranges);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -281,10 +293,10 @@
         setMockedUsers(primaryUser, managedProfileA);
 
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
                 null, null);
 
-        assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] { PRI_USER_RANGE })), ranges);
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRI_USER_RANGE), ranges);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -292,35 +304,38 @@
         setMockedUsers(primaryUser, restrictedProfileA, managedProfileA);
 
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
         vpn.addUserToRanges(ranges, primaryUser.id, null, null);
 
-        assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] { PRI_USER_RANGE })), ranges);
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRI_USER_RANGE), ranges);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testUidAllowAndDenylist() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
-        final UidRange user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
+        final Range<Integer> user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
+        final int userStart = user.getLower();
+        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
         final String[] packages = {PKGS[0], PKGS[1], PKGS[2]};
 
         // Allowed list
-        final Set<UidRange> allow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
-                Arrays.asList(packages), null);
-        assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
-            new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[0]),
-            new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2])
-        })), allow);
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> allow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
+                Arrays.asList(packages), null /* disallowedApplications */);
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0], userStart + PKG_UIDS[0]),
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1], userStart + PKG_UIDS[2])),
+                allow);
 
         // Denied list
-        final Set<UidRange> disallow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
-                null, Arrays.asList(packages));
-        assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
-            new UidRange(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-            new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-            /* Empty range between UIDS[1] and UIDS[2], should be excluded, */
-            new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
-        })), disallow);
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> disallow =
+                vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
+                        null /* allowedApplications */, Arrays.asList(packages));
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(
+                uidRange(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                /* Empty range between UIDS[1] and UIDS[2], should be excluded, */
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)),
+                disallow);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -350,84 +365,86 @@
     @Test
     public void testLockdownChangingPackage() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
-        final UidRange user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
-
+        final Range<Integer> user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
+        final int userStart = user.getLower();
+        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
         // Set always-on without lockdown.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null));
 
         // Set always-on with lockdown.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
         }));
 
         // Switch to another app.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
         }));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, userStop)
         }));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownAllowlist() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
-        final UidRange user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
-
+        final Range<Integer> user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
+        final int userStart = user.getLower();
+        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
         // Set always-on with lockdown and allow app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[]  {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)
         }));
         // Change allowed app list to PKGS[3].
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)
         }));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, userStop)
         }));
 
         // Change the VPN app.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
         }));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
         }));
 
         // Remove the list of allowed packages.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, userStop)
         }));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.stop),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStop),
         }));
 
         // Add the list of allowed packages.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1])));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStop)
         }));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
         }));
 
         // Try allowing a package with a comma, should be rejected.
@@ -439,12 +456,12 @@
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[0], true, Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app")));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
         }));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)
         }));
     }
 
@@ -452,7 +469,7 @@
     public void testLockdownRuleRepeatability() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         final UidRangeParcel[] primaryUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(PRI_USER_RANGE.start, PRI_USER_RANGE.stop)};
+                new UidRangeParcel(PRI_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRI_USER_RANGE.getUpper())};
         // Given legacy lockdown is already enabled,
         vpn.setLockdown(true);
         verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(true,
@@ -484,7 +501,7 @@
     public void testLockdownRuleReversibility() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         final UidRangeParcel[] entireUser = {
-            new UidRangeParcel(PRI_USER_RANGE.start, PRI_USER_RANGE.stop)
+            new UidRangeParcel(PRI_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRI_USER_RANGE.getUpper())
         };
         final UidRangeParcel[] exceptPkg0 = {
             new UidRangeParcel(entireUser[0].start, entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),