diff --git a/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky b/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky
deleted file mode 100644
index 61e3ba4..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-common_excludes = [
-    # Exclude all Android build files
-    "**/Android.bp",
-    "**/Android.mk",
-
-    # Exclude existing *OWNERS files
-    "**/*OWNERS",
-    "**/.git/**",
-    "**/.gitignore",
-]
-
-cronet_origin_files = glob(
-    include = [
-        "base/**",
-        "build/**",
-        "build/buildflag.h",
-        "chrome/VERSION",
-        "components/cronet/**",
-        "components/metrics/**",
-        "components/nacl/**",
-        "components/prefs/**",
-        "crypto/**",
-        "ipc/**",
-        "net/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "testing/**",
-        "url/**",
-        "LICENSE",
-    ],
-    exclude = common_excludes + [
-        # Per aosp/2367109
-        "build/android/CheckInstallApk-debug.apk",
-        "build/android/unused_resources/**",
-        "build/linux/**",
-
-        # Per aosp/2374766
-        "components/cronet/ios/**",
-        "components/cronet/native/**",
-
-        # Per aosp/2399270
-        "testing/buildbot/**",
-
-        # Exclude all third-party directories. Those are specified explicitly
-        # below, so no dependency can accidentally creep in.
-        "**/third_party/**",
-    ],
-) + glob(
-    # Explicitly include third-party dependencies.
-    # Note: some third-party dependencies include a third_party folder within
-    # them. So far, this has not become a problem.
-    include = [
-        "base/third_party/cityhash/**",
-        "base/third_party/cityhash_v103/**",
-        "base/third_party/double_conversion/**",
-        "base/third_party/dynamic_annotations/**",
-        "base/third_party/icu/**",
-        "base/third_party/nspr/**",
-        "base/third_party/superfasthash/**",
-        "base/third_party/valgrind/**",
-        # Those are temporarily needed until Chromium finish the migration
-        # of libc++[abi]
-        "buildtools/third_party/libc++/**",
-        "buildtools/third_party/libc++abi/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "net/third_party/nist-pkits/**",
-        "net/third_party/quiche/**",
-        "net/third_party/uri_template/**",
-        "third_party/abseil-cpp/**",
-        "third_party/android_ndk/sources/android/cpufeatures/**",
-        "third_party/ashmem/**",
-        "third_party/boringssl/**",
-        "third_party/brotli/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/ced/**",
-        "third_party/cpu_features/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/google_benchmark/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/googletest/**",
-        "third_party/icu/**",
-        "third_party/jni_zero/**",
-        "third_party/libc++/**",
-        "third_party/libc++abi/**",
-        "third_party/libevent/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/libxml/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/lss/**",
-        "third_party/metrics_proto/**",
-        "third_party/modp_b64/**",
-        "third_party/protobuf/**",
-        # Note: Only used for tests.
-        "third_party/quic_trace/**",
-        # Note: Cronet currently uses Android's zlib
-        # "third_party/zlib/**",
-        "url/third_party/mozilla/**",
-    ],
-    exclude = common_excludes,
-)
-
-core.workflow(
-    name = "import_cronet",
-    authoring = authoring.overwrite("Cronet Mainline Eng <cronet-mainline-eng+copybara@google.com>"),
-    # Origin folder is specified via source_ref argument, see import_cronet.sh
-    origin = folder.origin(),
-    origin_files = cronet_origin_files,
-    destination = git.destination(
-        # The destination URL is set by the invoking script.
-        url = "overwritten/by/script",
-        push = "upstream-import",
-    ),
-    mode = "SQUASH",
-)
diff --git a/Cronet/tools/import/import_cronet.sh b/Cronet/tools/import/import_cronet.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 0f04af7..0000000
--- a/Cronet/tools/import/import_cronet.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Script to invoke copybara locally to import Cronet into Android.
-# Inputs:
-#  Environment:
-#   ANDROID_BUILD_TOP: path the root of the current Android directory.
-#  Arguments:
-#   -l rev: The last revision that was imported.
-#  Optional Arguments:
-#   -n rev: The new revision to import.
-#   -f: Force copybara to ignore a failure to find the last imported revision.
-
-set -e -x
-
-OPTSTRING=fl:n:
-
-usage() {
-    cat <<EOF
-Usage: import_cronet.sh -n new-rev [-l last-rev] [-f]
-EOF
-    exit 1
-}
-
-COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN="/tmp/copybara-origin"
-
-#######################################
-# Create local upstream-import branch in external/cronet.
-# Globals:
-#   ANDROID_BUILD_TOP
-# Arguments:
-#   none
-#######################################
-setup_upstream_import_branch() {
-    local git_dir="${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/external/cronet"
-
-    (cd "${git_dir}" && git fetch aosp upstream-import:upstream-import)
-}
-
-#######################################
-# Setup folder.origin for copybara inside /tmp
-# Globals:
-#   COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN
-# Arguments:
-#   new_rev, string
-#######################################
-setup_folder_origin() (
-    local _new_rev=$1
-    mkdir -p "${COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN}"
-    cd "${COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN}"
-
-    if [ -d src ]; then
-        (cd src && git fetch --tags && git checkout "${_new_rev}")
-    else
-        # For this to work _new_rev must be a branch or a tag.
-        git clone --depth=1 --branch "${_new_rev}" https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git
-    fi
-
-
-    cat <<EOF >.gclient
-solutions = [
-  {
-    "name": "src",
-    "url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git",
-    "managed": False,
-    "custom_deps": {},
-    "custom_vars": {},
-  },
-]
-target_os = ["android"]
-EOF
-    cd src
-    # Set appropriate gclient flags to speed up syncing.
-    gclient sync \
-        --no-history \
-        --shallow \
-        --delete_unversioned_trees
-)
-
-#######################################
-# Runs the copybara import of Chromium
-# Globals:
-#   ANDROID_BUILD_TOP
-#   COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN
-# Arguments:
-#   last_rev, string or empty
-#   force, string or empty
-#######################################
-do_run_copybara() {
-    local _last_rev=$1
-    local _force=$2
-
-    local -a flags
-    flags+=(--git-destination-url="file://${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/external/cronet")
-    flags+=(--repo-timeout 3m)
-
-    # buildtools/third_party/libc++ contains an invalid symlink
-    flags+=(--folder-origin-ignore-invalid-symlinks)
-    flags+=(--git-no-verify)
-
-    if [ ! -z "${_force}" ]; then
-        flags+=(--force)
-    fi
-
-    if [ ! -z "${_last_rev}" ]; then
-        flags+=(--last-rev "${_last_rev}")
-    fi
-
-    /google/bin/releases/copybara/public/copybara/copybara \
-        "${flags[@]}" \
-        "${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/packages/modules/Connectivity/Cronet/tools/import/copy.bara.sky" \
-        import_cronet "${COPYBARA_FOLDER_ORIGIN}/src"
-}
-
-while getopts $OPTSTRING opt; do
-    case "${opt}" in
-        f) force=true ;;
-        l) last_rev="${OPTARG}" ;;
-        n) new_rev="${OPTARG}" ;;
-        ?) usage ;;
-        *) echo "'${opt}' '${OPTARG}'"
-    esac
-done
-
-if [ -z "${new_rev}" ]; then
-    echo "-n argument required"
-    usage
-fi
-
-setup_upstream_import_branch
-setup_folder_origin "${new_rev}"
-do_run_copybara "${last_rev}" "${force}"
-
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
index 7612210..b24e3ac 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 # For cherry-picks of CLs that are already merged in aosp/master, or flaky test fixes.
 jchalard@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
+# In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for APF firmware tests
+# (to verify correct behaviour of the wifi APF interpreter)
 maze@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
 # In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for incremental changes on NsdManager tests
 # to increase coverage for existing behavior, and testing of bug fixes in NsdManager
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 30bdf37..4bae221 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@
         "dscpPolicy.o",
         "netd.o",
         "offload.o",
-        "offload@btf.o",
+        "offload@mainline.o",
         "test.o",
-        "test@btf.o",
+        "test@mainline.o",
     ],
     apps: [
         "ServiceConnectivityResources",
diff --git a/bpf_progs/Android.bp b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
index 674cd98..1958aa8 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/Android.bp
+++ b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@
 }
 
 bpf {
-    name: "offload@btf.o",
-    srcs: ["offload@btf.c"],
+    name: "offload@mainline.o",
+    srcs: ["offload@mainline.c"],
     btf: true,
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
-        "-DBTF",
+        "-DMAINLINE",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -114,13 +114,13 @@
 }
 
 bpf {
-    name: "test@btf.o",
-    srcs: ["test@btf.c"],
+    name: "test@mainline.o",
+    srcs: ["test@mainline.c"],
     btf: true,
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
-        "-DBTF",
+        "-DMAINLINE",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
index 90f96a1..dd59dca 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@
 #define __kernel_udphdr udphdr
 #include <linux/udp.h>
 
-#ifdef BTF
+#ifdef MAINLINE
 // BTF is incompatible with bpfloaders < v0.10, hence for S (v0.2) we must
 // ship a different file than for later versions, but we need bpfloader v0.25+
 // for obj@ver.o support
 #define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#else /* BTF */
+#else /* MAINLINE */
 // The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader
 #define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_S_VERSION
 #define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#endif /* BTF */
+#endif /* MAINLINE */
 
 // Warning: values other than AID_ROOT don't work for map uid on BpfLoader < v0.21
 #define TETHERING_UID AID_ROOT
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload@btf.c b/bpf_progs/offload@mainline.c
similarity index 100%
rename from bpf_progs/offload@btf.c
rename to bpf_progs/offload@mainline.c
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test.c b/bpf_progs/test.c
index 70b08b7..e2b8ea5 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/test.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/test.c
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@
 #include <linux/in.h>
 #include <linux/ip.h>
 
-#ifdef BTF
+#ifdef MAINLINE
 // BTF is incompatible with bpfloaders < v0.10, hence for S (v0.2) we must
 // ship a different file than for later versions, but we need bpfloader v0.25+
 // for obj@ver.o support
 #define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#else /* BTF */
+#else /* MAINLINE */
 // The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader
 #define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER BPFLOADER_S_VERSION
 #define BPFLOADER_MAX_VER BPFLOADER_OBJ_AT_VER_VERSION
-#endif /* BTF */
+#endif /* MAINLINE */
 
 // Warning: values other than AID_ROOT don't work for map uid on BpfLoader < v0.21
 #define TETHERING_UID AID_ROOT
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test@btf.c b/bpf_progs/test@mainline.c
similarity index 100%
rename from bpf_progs/test@btf.c
rename to bpf_progs/test@mainline.c
diff --git a/common/flags.aconfig b/common/flags.aconfig
index 19b522c..30931df 100644
--- a/common/flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/flags.aconfig
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "set_data_saver_via_cm"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Set data saver through ConnectivityManager API"
   bug: "297836825"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "support_is_uid_networking_blocked"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "This flag controls whether isUidNetworkingBlocked is supported"
   bug: "297836825"
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "basic_background_restrictions_enabled"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Block network access for apps in a low importance background state"
   bug: "304347838"
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "ipsec_transform_state"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking_ipsec"
   description: "The flag controls the access for getIpSecTransformState and IpSecTransformState"
   bug: "308011229"
@@ -34,6 +38,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "The flag controls the access for the parcelable TetheringRequest with getSoftApConfiguration/setSoftApConfiguration API"
   bug: "216524590"
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "request_restricted_wifi"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Flag for API to support requesting restricted wifi"
   bug: "315835605"
@@ -48,6 +54,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "net_capability_local_network"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Flag for local network capability API"
   bug: "313000440"
@@ -55,6 +62,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "support_transport_satellite"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Flag for satellite transport API"
   bug: "320514105"
@@ -62,6 +70,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "nsd_subtypes_support_enabled"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Flag for API to support nsd subtypes"
   bug: "265095929"
@@ -69,6 +78,7 @@
 
 flag {
   name: "register_nsd_offload_engine_api"
+  is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "Flag for API to register nsd offload engine"
   bug: "301713539"
diff --git a/common/nearby_flags.aconfig b/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
index b957d33..b733849 100644
--- a/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/nearby_flags.aconfig
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 flag {
     name: "powered_off_finding"
+    is_exported: true
     namespace: "nearby"
     description: "Controls whether the Powered Off Finding feature is enabled"
     bug: "307898240"
diff --git a/common/thread_flags.aconfig b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
index 09595a6..43fc147 100644
--- a/common/thread_flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 flag {
     name: "thread_enabled"
+    is_exported: true
     namespace: "thread_network"
     description: "Controls whether the Android Thread feature is enabled"
     bug: "301473012"
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.java
index 2895b0c..6afb2d5 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequest.java
@@ -110,8 +110,9 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the time interval that the resource records may be cached on a DNS resolver or
-     * {@code null} if not specified.
+     * Returns the time interval that the resource records may be cached on a DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * The value will be {@code null} if it's not specified with the {@link #Builder}.
      *
      * @hide
      */
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@
         dest.writeParcelable(mServiceInfo, flags);
         dest.writeInt(mProtocolType);
         dest.writeLong(mAdvertisingConfig);
-        dest.writeLong(mTtl == null ? -1 : mTtl.getSeconds());
+        dest.writeLong(mTtl == null ? -1L : mTtl.getSeconds());
     }
 
 //    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.ADVERTISE_REQUEST_API)
@@ -205,7 +206,9 @@
          * When registering a service, {@link NsdManager#FAILURE_BAD_PARAMETERS} will be returned
          * if {@code ttl} is smaller than 30 seconds.
          *
-         * Note: only number of seconds of {@code ttl} is used.
+         * Note: the value after the decimal point (in unit of seconds) will be discarded. For
+         * example, {@code 30} seconds will be used when {@code Duration.ofSeconds(30L, 50_000L)}
+         * is provided.
          *
          * @param ttl the maximum duration that the DNS resource records will be cached
          *
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
index f4cc2ac..dba08a1 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
 
     private int mInterfaceIndex;
 
-    // The timestamp that all resource records associated with this service are considered invalid.
+    // The timestamp that one or more resource records associated with this service are considered
+    // invalid.
     @Nullable
     private Instant mExpirationTime;
 
@@ -497,7 +498,9 @@
     /**
      * Sets the timestamp after when this service is expired.
      *
-     * Note: only number of seconds of {@code expirationTime} is used.
+     * Note: the value after the decimal point (in unit of seconds) will be discarded. For
+     * example, {@code 30} seconds will be used when {@code Duration.ofSeconds(30L, 50_000L)}
+     * is provided.
      *
      * @hide
      */
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index 4de02ac..f7600b2 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
@@ -41,8 +40,6 @@
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
-// TODO : replace with android.net.flags.Flags when aconfig is supported on udc-mainline-prod
-// import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Flags;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Transport;
 import android.os.Build;
@@ -291,18 +288,6 @@
                 NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
                 NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
 
-        /**
-         * Capabilities that are forbidden by default.
-         * Forbidden capabilities only make sense in NetworkRequest, not for network agents.
-         * Therefore these capabilities are only in NetworkRequest.
-         */
-        private static final int[] DEFAULT_FORBIDDEN_CAPABILITIES = new int[] {
-            // TODO(b/313030307): this should contain NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK.
-            // We cannot currently add it because doing so would crash if the module rolls back,
-            // because JobScheduler persists NetworkRequests to disk, and existing production code
-            // does not consider LOCAL_NETWORK to be a valid capability.
-        };
-
         private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
 
         // A boolean that represents whether the NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability should be deduced when
@@ -318,16 +303,6 @@
             // it for apps that do not have the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
             mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
             mNetworkCapabilities.setSingleUid(Process.myUid());
-            // Default forbidden capabilities are foremost meant to help with backward
-            // compatibility. When adding new types of network identified by a capability that
-            // might confuse older apps, a default forbidden capability will have apps not see
-            // these networks unless they explicitly ask for it.
-            // If the app called clearCapabilities() it will see everything, but then it
-            // can be argued that it's fair to send them too, since it asked for everything
-            // explicitly.
-            for (final int forbiddenCap : DEFAULT_FORBIDDEN_CAPABILITIES) {
-                mNetworkCapabilities.addForbiddenCapability(forbiddenCap);
-            }
         }
 
         /**
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
index dfe5867..a80db85 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
@@ -84,6 +84,21 @@
     @ChangeId
     @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     public static final long ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND = 270306772L;
+
+    /**
+     * Apps targeting Android V or higher receive network callbacks from local networks as default
+     *
+     * Apps targeting lower than {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM} need
+     * to add {@link android.net.NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK} to the
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkCapabilities} of the {@link android.net.NetworkRequest} to receive
+     * {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} from local networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @ChangeId
+    @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    public static final long ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK = 319212206L;
+
     private ConnectivityCompatChanges() {
     }
 }
diff --git a/netbpfload/Android.bp b/netbpfload/Android.bp
index f397b37..c39b46c 100644
--- a/netbpfload/Android.bp
+++ b/netbpfload/Android.bp
@@ -19,19 +19,15 @@
 }
 
 install_symlink {
-    name: "platform_ethtool_symlink",
+    name: "mainline_tethering_platform_components",
+
     symlink_target: "/apex/com.android.tethering/bin/ethtool",
     // installed_location is relative to /system because that's the default partition for soong
     // modules, unless we add something like `system_ext_specific: true` like in hwservicemanager.
     installed_location: "bin/ethtool",
-}
 
-phony {
-    name: "mainline_tethering_platform_components",
-    required: [
-        "netbpfload",
-        "platform_ethtool_symlink",
-    ],
+    init_rc: ["netbpfload.rc"],
+    required: ["bpfloader"],
 }
 
 cc_binary {
@@ -65,9 +61,7 @@
     // module "netbpfload" variant "android_x86_apex30": should support
     // min_sdk_version(30) for "com.android.tethering": newer SDK(34).
     min_sdk_version: "30",
-
-    init_rc: ["netbpfload.rc"],
-    required: ["bpfloader"],
+    installable: false,
 }
 
 // Versioned netbpfload init rc: init system will process it only on api T/33+ devices
diff --git a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index ed7d048..0688e88 100644
--- a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -171,8 +171,6 @@
 
 #define APEX_MOUNT_POINT "/apex/com.android.tethering"
 const char * const platformBpfLoader = "/system/bin/bpfloader";
-const char * const platformNetBpfLoad = "/system/bin/netbpfload";
-const char * const apexNetBpfLoad = APEX_MOUNT_POINT "/bin/netbpfload";
 
 int logTetheringApexVersion(void) {
     char * found_blockdev = NULL;
@@ -232,12 +230,6 @@
 
     ALOGI("NetBpfLoad '%s' starting...", argv[0]);
 
-    // true iff we are running from the module
-    const bool is_mainline = !strcmp(argv[0], apexNetBpfLoad);
-
-    // true iff we are running from the platform
-    const bool is_platform = !strcmp(argv[0], platformNetBpfLoad);
-
     const int device_api_level = android_get_device_api_level();
     const bool isAtLeastT = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_T__);
     const bool isAtLeastU = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_U__);
@@ -248,24 +240,11 @@
     // first in U QPR2 beta~2
     const bool has_platform_netbpfload_rc = exists("/system/etc/init/netbpfload.rc");
 
-    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad api:%d/%d kver:%07x platform:%d mainline:%d rc:%d%d",
+    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad api:%d/%d kver:%07x rc:%d%d",
           android_get_application_target_sdk_version(), device_api_level,
-          android::bpf::kernelVersion(), is_platform, is_mainline,
+          android::bpf::kernelVersion(),
           has_platform_bpfloader_rc, has_platform_netbpfload_rc);
 
-    if (!is_platform && !is_mainline) {
-        ALOGE("Unable to determine if we're platform or mainline netbpfload.");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (is_platform) {
-        ALOGI("Executing apex netbpfload...");
-        const char * args[] = { apexNetBpfLoad, NULL, };
-        execve(args[0], (char**)args, envp);
-        ALOGE("exec '%s' fail: %d[%s]", apexNetBpfLoad, errno, strerror(errno));
-        return 1;
-    }
-
     if (!has_platform_bpfloader_rc && !has_platform_netbpfload_rc) {
         ALOGE("Unable to find platform's bpfloader & netbpfload init scripts.");
         return 1;
@@ -278,7 +257,7 @@
 
     logTetheringApexVersion();
 
-    if (is_mainline && has_platform_bpfloader_rc && !has_platform_netbpfload_rc) {
+    if (has_platform_bpfloader_rc && !has_platform_netbpfload_rc) {
         // Tethering apex shipped initrc file causes us to reach here
         // but we're not ready to correctly handle anything before U QPR2
         // in which the 'bpfloader' vs 'netbpfload' split happened
diff --git a/netbpfload/loader.cpp b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
index c534b2c..3026655 100644
--- a/netbpfload/loader.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-// This is BpfLoader v0.41
+// This is Network BpfLoader v0.42
 // WARNING: If you ever hit cherrypick conflicts here you're doing it wrong:
 // You are NOT allowed to cherrypick bpfloader related patches out of order.
 // (indeed: cherrypicking is probably a bad idea and you should merge instead)
 // Mainline supports ONLY the published versions of the bpfloader for each Android release.
 #define BPFLOADER_VERSION_MAJOR 0u
-#define BPFLOADER_VERSION_MINOR 41u
+#define BPFLOADER_VERSION_MINOR 42u
 #define BPFLOADER_VERSION ((BPFLOADER_VERSION_MAJOR << 16) | BPFLOADER_VERSION_MINOR)
 
 #include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
@@ -413,9 +413,6 @@
                         size_t sizeOfBpfProgDef) {
     vector<char> pdData;
     int ret = readSectionByName("progs", elfFile, pdData);
-    // Older file formats do not require a 'progs' section at all.
-    // (We should probably figure out whether this is behaviour which is safe to remove now.)
-    if (ret == -2) return 0;
     if (ret) return ret;
 
     if (pdData.size() % sizeOfBpfProgDef) {
@@ -574,6 +571,14 @@
 
 static bool mapMatchesExpectations(const unique_fd& fd, const string& mapName,
                                    const struct bpf_map_def& mapDef, const enum bpf_map_type type) {
+    // bpfGetFd... family of functions require at minimum a 4.14 kernel,
+    // so on 4.9-T kernels just pretend the map matches our expectations.
+    // Additionally we'll get almost equivalent test coverage on newer devices/kernels.
+    // This is because the primary failure mode we're trying to detect here
+    // is either a source code misconfiguration (which is likely kernel independent)
+    // or a newly introduced kernel feature/bug (which is unlikely to get backported to 4.9).
+    if (!isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) return true;
+
     // Assuming fd is a valid Bpf Map file descriptor then
     // all the following should always succeed on a 4.14+ kernel.
     // If they somehow do fail, they'll return -1 (and set errno),
@@ -711,6 +716,16 @@
         }
 
         enum bpf_map_type type = md[i].type;
+        if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
+            // On Linux Kernels older than 4.14 this map type doesn't exist, but it can kind
+            // of be approximated: ARRAY has the same userspace api, though it is not usable
+            // by the same ebpf programs.  However, that's okay because the bpf_redirect_map()
+            // helper doesn't exist on 4.9-T anyway (so the bpf program would fail to load,
+            // and thus needs to be tagged as 4.14+ either way), so there's nothing useful you
+            // could do with a DEVMAP anyway (that isn't already provided by an ARRAY)...
+            // Hence using an ARRAY instead of a DEVMAP simply makes life easier for userspace.
+            type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY;
+        }
         if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP_HASH && !isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
             // On Linux Kernels older than 5.4 this map type doesn't exist, but it can kind
             // of be approximated: HASH has the same userspace visible api.
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
index 14181dc..e1af47f 100644
--- a/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+++ b/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
@@ -17,15 +17,18 @@
 on load_bpf_programs
     exec_start bpfloader
 
-service bpfloader /system/bin/netbpfload
+# Note: This will actually execute /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload
+# by virtue of 'service bpfloader' being overridden by the apex shipped .rc
+# Warning: most of the below settings are irrelevant unless the apex is missing.
+service bpfloader /system/bin/false
     # netbpfload will do network bpf loading, then execute /system/bin/bpfloader
-    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
+    #! capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
     # The following group memberships are a workaround for lack of DAC_OVERRIDE
     # and allow us to open (among other things) files that we created and are
     # no longer root owned (due to CHOWN) but still have group read access to
     # one of the following groups.  This is not perfect, but a more correct
     # solution requires significantly more effort to implement.
-    group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
+    #! group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
     user root
     #
     # Set RLIMIT_MEMLOCK to 1GiB for bpfloader
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@
     #
     # As such we simply use 1GiB as a reasonable approximation of infinity.
     #
-    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
+    #! rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
     oneshot
     #
     # How to debug bootloops caused by 'bpfloader-failed'.
@@ -81,6 +84,5 @@
     #    'cannot prove return value is 0 or 1' or 'unsupported / unknown operation / helper',
     #    'invalid bpf_context access', etc.
     #
-    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
-    # we're not really updatable, but want to be able to load bpf programs shipped in apexes
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,netbpfload-missing
     updatable
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index c162bcc..98c2d86 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -241,13 +241,10 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            for (int i = mAdvertiserRequests.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                if (mAdvertiserRequests.valueAt(i).onAdvertiserDestroyed(socket)) {
-                    mAdvertiserRequests.removeAt(i);
-                }
-            }
-            mAllAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+        public void onAllServicesRemoved(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
+            if (DBG) { mSharedLog.i("onAllServicesRemoved: " + socket); }
+            // Try destroying the advertiser if all services has been removed
+            destroyAdvertiser(socket, false /* interfaceDestroyed */);
         }
     };
 
@@ -318,6 +315,30 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Destroys the advertiser for the interface indicated by {@code socket}.
+     *
+     * {@code interfaceDestroyed} should be set to {@code true} if this method is called because
+     * the associated interface has been destroyed.
+     */
+    private void destroyAdvertiser(MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, boolean interfaceDestroyed) {
+        InterfaceAdvertiserRequest advertiserRequest;
+
+        MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAllAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+        if (advertiser != null) {
+            advertiser.destroyNow();
+            if (DBG) { mSharedLog.i("MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser is destroyed: " + advertiser); }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = mAdvertiserRequests.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            advertiserRequest = mAdvertiserRequests.valueAt(i);
+            if (advertiserRequest.onAdvertiserDestroyed(socket, interfaceDestroyed)) {
+                if (DBG) { mSharedLog.i("AdvertiserRequest is removed: " + advertiserRequest); }
+                mAdvertiserRequests.removeAt(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * A request for a {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser}.
      *
      * This class tracks services to be advertised on all sockets provided via a registered
@@ -336,13 +357,22 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Called when an advertiser was destroyed, after all services were unregistered and it sent
-         * exit announcements, or the interface is gone.
+         * Called when the interface advertiser associated with {@code socket} has been destroyed.
          *
-         * @return true if this {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest} should now be deleted.
+         * {@code interfaceDestroyed} should be set to {@code true} if this method is called because
+         * the associated interface has been destroyed.
+         *
+         * @return true if the {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest} should now be deleted
          */
-        boolean onAdvertiserDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
+        boolean onAdvertiserDestroyed(
+                @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, boolean interfaceDestroyed) {
             final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser removedAdvertiser = mAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+            if (removedAdvertiser != null
+                    && !interfaceDestroyed && mPendingRegistrations.size() > 0) {
+                mSharedLog.wtf(
+                        "unexpected onAdvertiserDestroyed() when there are pending registrations");
+            }
+
             if (mMdnsFeatureFlags.mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled && removedAdvertiser != null) {
                 final String interfaceName = removedAdvertiser.getSocketInterfaceName();
                 // If the interface is destroyed, stop all hardware offloading on that
@@ -528,7 +558,7 @@
         public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
             final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAdvertisers.get(socket);
-            if (advertiser != null) advertiser.destroyNow();
+            if (advertiser != null) destroyAdvertiser(socket, true /* interfaceDestroyed */);
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
index c2363c0..c1c7d5f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
@@ -102,12 +102,15 @@
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId, int conflictType);
 
         /**
-         * Called by the advertiser when it destroyed itself.
+         * Called when all services on this interface advertiser has already been removed and exit
+         * announcements have been sent.
          *
-         * This can happen after a call to {@link #destroyNow()}, or after all services were
-         * unregistered and the advertiser finished sending exit announcements.
+         * <p>It's guaranteed that there are no service registrations in the
+         * MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser when this callback is invoked.
+         *
+         * <p>This is typically listened by the {@link MdnsAdvertiser} to release the resources
          */
-        void onDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket);
+        void onAllServicesRemoved(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -149,10 +152,11 @@
         public void onFinished(@NonNull BaseAnnouncementInfo info) {
             if (info instanceof MdnsAnnouncer.ExitAnnouncementInfo) {
                 mRecordRepository.removeService(info.getServiceId());
-
-                if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
-                    destroyNow();
-                }
+                mCbHandler.post(() -> {
+                    if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
+                        mCb.onAllServicesRemoved(mSocket);
+                    }
+                });
             }
         }
     }
@@ -234,8 +238,7 @@
      * Start the advertiser.
      *
      * The advertiser will stop itself when all services are removed and exit announcements sent,
-     * notifying via {@link Callback#onDestroyed}. This can also be triggered manually via
-     * {@link #destroyNow()}.
+     * notifying via {@link Callback#onAllServicesRemoved}.
      */
     public void start() {
         mSocket.addPacketHandler(this);
@@ -283,8 +286,8 @@
         mAnnouncer.stop(id);
         final MdnsAnnouncer.ExitAnnouncementInfo exitInfo = mRecordRepository.exitService(id);
         if (exitInfo != null) {
-            // This effectively schedules destroyNow(), as it is to be called when the exit
-            // announcement finishes if there is no service left.
+            // This effectively schedules onAllServicesRemoved(), as it is to be called when the
+            // exit announcement finishes if there is no service left.
             // A non-zero exit announcement delay follows legacy mdnsresponder behavior, and is
             // also useful to ensure that when a host receives the exit announcement, the service
             // has been unregistered on all interfaces; so an announcement sent from interface A
@@ -294,9 +297,11 @@
         } else {
             // No exit announcement necessary: remove the service immediately.
             mRecordRepository.removeService(id);
-            if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
-                destroyNow();
-            }
+            mCbHandler.post(() -> {
+                if (mRecordRepository.getServicesCount() == 0) {
+                    mCb.onAllServicesRemoved(mSocket);
+                }
+            });
         }
     }
 
@@ -330,7 +335,8 @@
     /**
      * Destroy the advertiser immediately, not sending any exit announcement.
      *
-     * <p>Useful when the underlying network went away. This will trigger an onDestroyed callback.
+     * <p>This is typically called when all services on the interface are removed or when the
+     * underlying network went away.
      */
     public void destroyNow() {
         for (int serviceId : mRecordRepository.clearServices()) {
@@ -339,7 +345,6 @@
         }
         mReplySender.cancelAll();
         mSocket.removePacketHandler(this);
-        mCbHandler.post(() -> mCb.onDestroyed(mSocket));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java
index f60a95e..1ec9e39 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfo.java
@@ -94,57 +94,6 @@
     @NonNull
     private final Instant expirationTime;
 
-    /** Constructs a {@link MdnsServiceInfo} object with default values. */
-    public MdnsServiceInfo(
-            String serviceInstanceName,
-            String[] serviceType,
-            @Nullable List<String> subtypes,
-            String[] hostName,
-            int port,
-            @Nullable String ipv4Address,
-            @Nullable String ipv6Address,
-            @Nullable List<String> textStrings) {
-        this(
-                serviceInstanceName,
-                serviceType,
-                subtypes,
-                hostName,
-                port,
-                List.of(ipv4Address),
-                List.of(ipv6Address),
-                textStrings,
-                /* textEntries= */ null,
-                /* interfaceIndex= */ INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED,
-                /* network= */ null,
-                /* expirationTime= */ Instant.MAX);
-    }
-
-    /** Constructs a {@link MdnsServiceInfo} object with default values. */
-    public MdnsServiceInfo(
-            String serviceInstanceName,
-            String[] serviceType,
-            List<String> subtypes,
-            String[] hostName,
-            int port,
-            @Nullable String ipv4Address,
-            @Nullable String ipv6Address,
-            @Nullable List<String> textStrings,
-            @Nullable List<TextEntry> textEntries) {
-        this(
-                serviceInstanceName,
-                serviceType,
-                subtypes,
-                hostName,
-                port,
-                List.of(ipv4Address),
-                List.of(ipv6Address),
-                textStrings,
-                textEntries,
-                /* interfaceIndex= */ INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED,
-                /* network= */ null,
-                /* expirationTime= */ Instant.MAX);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Constructs a {@link MdnsServiceInfo} object with default values.
      *
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
index c51811b..653ea6c 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
     MdnsSocket(@NonNull MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider,
             MulticastSocket multicastSocket, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
         this.multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider = multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider;
-        this.multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider.startWatchingConnectivityChanges();
         this.multicastSocket = multicastSocket;
         this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         // RFC Spec: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762
@@ -120,7 +119,6 @@
     public void close() {
         // This is a race with the use of the file descriptor (b/27403984).
         multicastSocket.close();
-        multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider.stopWatchingConnectivityChanges();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
index 82c8c5b..7b71e43 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
     @Nullable private Timer checkMulticastResponseTimer;
     private final SharedLog sharedLog;
     @NonNull private final MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags;
+    private final MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider interfaceProvider;
 
     public MdnsSocketClient(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull MulticastLock multicastLock,
             SharedLog sharedLog, @NonNull MdnsFeatureFlags mdnsFeatureFlags) {
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@
             unicastReceiverBuffer = null;
         }
         this.mdnsFeatureFlags = mdnsFeatureFlags;
+        this.interfaceProvider = new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context, sharedLog);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -138,6 +140,7 @@
         cannotReceiveMulticastResponse.set(false);
 
         shouldStopSocketLoop = false;
+        interfaceProvider.startWatchingConnectivityChanges();
         try {
             // TODO (changed when importing code): consider setting thread stats tag
             multicastSocket = createMdnsSocket(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, sharedLog);
@@ -183,6 +186,7 @@
         }
 
         multicastLock.release();
+        interfaceProvider.stopWatchingConnectivityChanges();
 
         shouldStopSocketLoop = true;
         waitForSendThreadToStop();
@@ -482,8 +486,7 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
-        return new MdnsSocket(new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context, sharedLog), port,
-                sharedLog);
+        return new MdnsSocket(interfaceProvider, port, sharedLog);
     }
 
     private void sendPackets(List<DatagramPacket> packets, MdnsSocket socket) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
index 21cf351..cab29e3 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
 import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PerUidCounter;
 
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 /**
@@ -78,8 +78,11 @@
     // Sequence number of DataUsageRequests
     private final AtomicInteger mNextDataUsageRequestId = new AtomicInteger();
 
-    // Lazily instantiated when an observer is registered.
-    private volatile Handler mHandler;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+
+    NetworkStatsObservers(@NonNull Looper looper) {
+        mHandler = new Handler(Objects.requireNonNull(looper), mHandlerCallback);
+    }
 
     /**
      * Creates a wrapper that contains the caller context and a normalized request.
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@
         if (LOG) Log.d(TAG, "Registering observer for " + requestInfo);
         mDataUsageRequestsPerUid.incrementCountOrThrow(callingUid);
 
-        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_REGISTER, requestInfo));
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_REGISTER, requestInfo));
         return request;
     }
 
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@
      * <p>It will unregister the observer asynchronously, so it is safe to call from any thread.
      */
     public void unregister(DataUsageRequest request, int callingUid) {
-        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UNREGISTER, callingUid, 0 /* ignore */,
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UNREGISTER, callingUid, 0 /* ignore */,
                 request));
     }
 
@@ -125,34 +128,10 @@
                 long currentTime) {
         StatsContext statsContext = new StatsContext(xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, activeIfaces,
                 activeUidIfaces, currentTime);
-        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UPDATE_STATS, statsContext));
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UPDATE_STATS, statsContext));
     }
 
-    private Handler getHandler() {
-        if (mHandler == null) {
-            synchronized (this) {
-                if (mHandler == null) {
-                    if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "Creating handler");
-                    mHandler = new Handler(getHandlerLooperLocked(), mHandlerCallback);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return mHandler;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
-        // TODO: Currently, callbacks are dispatched on this thread if the caller register
-        //  callback without supplying a Handler. To ensure that the service handler thread
-        //  is not blocked by client code, the observers must create their own thread. Once
-        //  all callbacks are dispatched outside of the handler thread, the service handler
-        //  thread can be used here.
-        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
-        handlerThread.start();
-        return handlerThread.getLooper();
-    }
-
-    private Handler.Callback mHandlerCallback = new Handler.Callback() {
+    private final Handler.Callback mHandlerCallback = new Handler.Callback() {
         @Override
         public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
             switch (msg.what) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 9684d18..64b17eb 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
                 INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)),
                 alarmManager, wakeLock, getDefaultClock(),
                 new DefaultNetworkStatsSettings(), new NetworkStatsFactory(context),
-                new NetworkStatsObservers(), new Dependencies());
+                new Dependencies());
 
         return service;
     }
@@ -603,8 +603,7 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     NetworkStatsService(Context context, INetd netd, AlarmManager alarmManager,
             PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock, Clock clock, NetworkStatsSettings settings,
-            NetworkStatsFactory factory, NetworkStatsObservers statsObservers,
-            @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+            NetworkStatsFactory factory, @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
         mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
         mNetd = Objects.requireNonNull(netd, "missing Netd");
         mAlarmManager = Objects.requireNonNull(alarmManager, "missing AlarmManager");
@@ -612,7 +611,6 @@
         mSettings = Objects.requireNonNull(settings, "missing NetworkStatsSettings");
         mWakeLock = Objects.requireNonNull(wakeLock, "missing WakeLock");
         mStatsFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "missing factory");
-        mStatsObservers = Objects.requireNonNull(statsObservers, "missing NetworkStatsObservers");
         mDeps = Objects.requireNonNull(deps, "missing Dependencies");
         mStatsDir = mDeps.getOrCreateStatsDir();
         if (!mStatsDir.exists()) {
@@ -622,6 +620,7 @@
         final HandlerThread handlerThread = mDeps.makeHandlerThread();
         handlerThread.start();
         mHandler = new NetworkStatsHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
+        mStatsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers(handlerThread.getLooper());
         mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor = deps.makeSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext,
                 (command) -> mHandler.post(command) , this);
         mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
index 8598ac4..ca97d07 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.util.LruCache;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 
 import java.time.Clock;
-import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 /**
  * A thread-safe cache for storing and retrieving {@link NetworkStats.Entry} objects,
@@ -39,10 +40,12 @@
      *
      * @param clock The {@link Clock} to use for determining timestamps.
      * @param expiryDurationMs The expiry duration in milliseconds.
+     * @param maxSize Maximum number of entries.
      */
-    TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(@NonNull Clock clock, long expiryDurationMs) {
+    TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(@NonNull Clock clock, long expiryDurationMs, int maxSize) {
         mClock = clock;
         mExpiryDurationMs = expiryDurationMs;
+        mMap = new LruCache<>(maxSize);
     }
 
     private static class TrafficStatsCacheKey {
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@
     }
 
     @GuardedBy("mMap")
-    private final HashMap<TrafficStatsCacheKey, TrafficStatsCacheValue> mMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private final LruCache<TrafficStatsCacheKey, TrafficStatsCacheValue> mMap;
 
     /**
      * Retrieves a {@link NetworkStats.Entry} from the cache, associated with the given key.
@@ -105,6 +108,36 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Retrieves a {@link NetworkStats.Entry} from the cache, associated with the given key.
+     * If the entry is not found in the cache or has expired, computes it using the provided
+     * {@code supplier} and stores the result in the cache.
+     *
+     * @param iface The interface name to include in the cache key. {@code IFACE_ALL}
+     *              if not applicable.
+     * @param uid The UID to include in the cache key. {@code UID_ALL} if not applicable.
+     * @param supplier The {@link Supplier} to compute the {@link NetworkStats.Entry} if not found.
+     * @return The cached or computed {@link NetworkStats.Entry}, or null if not found, expired,
+     *         or if the {@code supplier} returns null.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    NetworkStats.Entry getOrCompute(String iface, int uid,
+            @NonNull Supplier<NetworkStats.Entry> supplier) {
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            final NetworkStats.Entry cachedValue = get(iface, uid);
+            if (cachedValue != null) {
+                return cachedValue;
+            }
+
+            // Entry not found or expired, compute it
+            final NetworkStats.Entry computedEntry = supplier.get();
+            if (computedEntry != null && !computedEntry.isEmpty()) {
+                put(iface, uid, computedEntry);
+            }
+            return computedEntry;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Stores a {@link NetworkStats.Entry} in the cache, associated with the given key.
      *
      * @param iface The interface name to include in the cache key. Null if not applicable.
@@ -124,7 +157,7 @@
      */
     void clear() {
         synchronized (mMap) {
-            mMap.clear();
+            mMap.evictAll();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index fe3bbbd..d8bc008 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY;
 import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST;
 import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_SELF_CERTIFIED_CAPABILITIES_DECLARATION;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
@@ -214,7 +216,6 @@
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
-import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges;
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
 import android.net.metrics.NetworkEvent;
 import android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig;
@@ -2607,7 +2608,7 @@
                 // Not the system, so it's an app requesting on its own behalf.
                 type = RequestType.RT_APP.getNumber();
             }
-            countPerType.put(type, countPerType.get(type, 0));
+            countPerType.put(type, countPerType.get(type, 0) + 1);
         }
         for (int i = countPerType.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
             final RequestCountForType.Builder r = RequestCountForType.newBuilder();
@@ -3020,6 +3021,23 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(NetworkCapabilities nc, int callingUid) {
+        if (mDeps.isChangeEnabled(ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK, callingUid)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // If NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK is not added to capability, request should not be
+        // satisfied by local networks.
+        if (!nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)) {
+            nc.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            int callingUid, String callerPackageName) {
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callerPackageName);
+        maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(nc, callingUid);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public @RestrictBackgroundStatus int getRestrictBackgroundStatusByCaller() {
         enforceAccessPermission();
@@ -7716,10 +7734,12 @@
                 //  the state of the app when the request is filed, but we never change the
                 //  request if the app changes network state. http://b/29964605
                 enforceMeteredApnPolicy(networkCapabilities);
+                maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(networkCapabilities, callingUid);
                 break;
             case LISTEN_FOR_BEST:
                 enforceAccessPermission();
                 networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+                maybeDisableLocalNetworkMatching(networkCapabilities, callingUid);
                 break;
             default:
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported request type " + reqType);
@@ -7806,7 +7826,7 @@
         final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(callingUid);
         // Only run the check if the change is enabled.
         if (!mDeps.isChangeEnabled(
-                ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_SELF_CERTIFIED_CAPABILITIES_DECLARATION,
+                ENABLE_SELF_CERTIFIED_CAPABILITIES_DECLARATION,
                 callingPackageName, user)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -7958,8 +7978,8 @@
         ensureRequestableCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
         ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
                 Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(networkCapabilities,
-                callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(
+                networkCapabilities, callingUid, callingPackageName);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(networkCapabilities, TYPE_NONE,
                 nextNetworkRequestId(), NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST);
@@ -8019,7 +8039,7 @@
         NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
         ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
                 Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
         // Apps without the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't use background networks, so
         // make all their listens include NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND. That way, they will get
         // onLost and onAvailable callbacks when networks move in and out of the background.
@@ -8052,7 +8072,7 @@
         ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
                 Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(nc, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(),
                 NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN);
@@ -12025,7 +12045,7 @@
         // This NetworkCapabilities is only used for matching to Networks. Clear out its owner uid
         // and administrator uids to be safe.
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(request.networkCapabilities);
-        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestNetworkCapabilitiesForCaller(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
 
         final NetworkRequest requestWithId =
                 new NetworkRequest(
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
index baff09b..ac922cd 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
 // Android U / 14 (api level 34) - various new program types added
 #define BPFLOADER_U_VERSION 37u
 
+// Android V / 15 (api level 35) - this bpfloader should eventually go back to T
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_VERSION 42u
+
 /* For mainline module use, you can #define BPFLOADER_{MIN/MAX}_VER
  * before #include "bpf_helpers.h" to change which bpfloaders will
  * process the resulting .o file.
@@ -111,10 +114,12 @@
 #define KVER_NONE KVER_(0)
 #define KVER_4_14 KVER(4, 14, 0)
 #define KVER_4_19 KVER(4, 19, 0)
-#define KVER_5_4 KVER(5, 4, 0)
-#define KVER_5_8 KVER(5, 8, 0)
-#define KVER_5_9 KVER(5, 9, 0)
+#define KVER_5_4  KVER(5, 4, 0)
+#define KVER_5_8  KVER(5, 8, 0)
+#define KVER_5_9  KVER(5, 9, 0)
 #define KVER_5_15 KVER(5, 15, 0)
+#define KVER_6_1  KVER(6, 1, 0)
+#define KVER_6_6  KVER(6, 6, 0)
 #define KVER_INF KVER_(0xFFFFFFFFu)
 
 #define KVER_IS_AT_LEAST(kver, a, b, c) ((kver).kver >= KVER(a, b, c).kver)
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index 2ca8832..1241e18 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -160,6 +160,10 @@
 
     private static final long BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
 
+    // Should be kept in sync with the constant in NetworkPolicyManagerService.
+    // TODO: b/322115994 - remove once the feature is in staging.
+    private static final boolean ALWAYS_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_NETWORK = false;
+
     protected Context mContext;
     protected Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
     protected ConnectivityManager mCm;
@@ -229,9 +233,8 @@
         }
         final String output = executeShellCommand("device_config get backstage_power"
                 + " com.android.server.net.network_blocked_for_top_sleeping_and_above");
-        return Boolean.parseBoolean(output);
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(output) && ALWAYS_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_NETWORK;
     }
-
     protected int getUid(String packageName) throws Exception {
         return mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index dbececf..8dbcf2f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -2108,6 +2108,46 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testRegisterService_registerImmediatelyAfterUnregister_serviceFound() {
+        val info1 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceName = "service11111"
+            port = 11111
+        }
+        val info2 = makeTestServiceInfo(network = testNetwork1.network).apply {
+            serviceName = "service22222"
+            port = 22222
+        }
+        val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord1 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord2 = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        tryTest {
+            registerService(registrationRecord1, info1)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType,
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, testNetwork1.network, { it.run() },
+                    discoveryRecord1)
+            discoveryRecord1.waitForServiceDiscovered(info1.serviceName,
+                    serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord1)
+
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
+            registerService(registrationRecord2, info2)
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType,
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, testNetwork1.network, { it.run() },
+                    discoveryRecord2)
+            val infoDiscovered = discoveryRecord2.waitForServiceDiscovered(info2.serviceName,
+                    serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            val infoResolved = resolveService(infoDiscovered)
+            assertEquals(22222, infoResolved.port)
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord2)
+            discoveryRecord2.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testServiceTypeClientRemovedAfterSocketDestroyed() {
         val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
         // Register service on testNetwork1
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
index 3928961..1023173 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 
     // Change to system current when TetheringManager move to bootclass path.
     platform_apis: true,
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
 }
 
@@ -80,8 +81,8 @@
 
 // Tethering CTS tests for development and release. These tests always target the platform SDK
 // version, and are subject to all the restrictions appropriate to that version. Before SDK
-// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, and cannot be installed on release
-// devices.
+// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, but they can still be installed on
+// release devices as their min_sdk_version is set to a production version.
 android_test {
     name: "CtsTetheringTest",
     defaults: ["CtsTetheringTestDefaults"],
@@ -93,6 +94,14 @@
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
+        "mts-dnsresolver",
+        "mts-networking",
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "mts-wifi",
+        "mcts-dnsresolver",
+        "mcts-networking",
+        "mcts-tethering",
+        "mcts-wifi",
         "general-tests",
     ],
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
index 361d68c..035f607 100644
--- a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer
+import java.util.function.Consumer
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@@ -87,8 +89,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
 import org.mockito.Spy
-import java.util.function.Consumer
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer
 
 const val SERVICE_BIND_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000L
 const val TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@
         override fun getSystemProperties() = mock(MockableSystemProperties::class.java)
         override fun makeNetIdManager() = TestNetIdManager()
         override fun getBpfNetMaps(context: Context?, netd: INetd?) = mock(BpfNetMaps::class.java)
+        override fun isChangeEnabled(changeId: Long, uid: Int) = true
 
         override fun makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(
             c: Context,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequestTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequestTest.kt
index 332f2a3..c491f37 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequestTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/AdvertisingRequestTest.kt
@@ -54,17 +54,17 @@
         assertEquals(beforeParcel.advertisingConfig, afterParcel.advertisingConfig)
     }
 
-@Test
-fun testBuilder_setNullTtl_success() {
-    val info = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
-        serviceType = "_ipp._tcp"
-    }
-    val request = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
-            .setTtl(null)
-            .build()
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder_setNullTtl_success() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo().apply {
+            serviceType = "_ipp._tcp"
+        }
+        val request = AdvertisingRequest.Builder(info, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD)
+                .setTtl(null)
+                .build()
 
-    assertNull(request.ttl)
-}
+        assertNull(request.ttl)
+    }
 
     @Test
     fun testBuilder_setPropertiesSuccess() {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
index 76a649e..27c4561 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
 
         AdvertisingRequest capturedRequest = getAdvertisingRequest(
                 req -> verify(mServiceConn).registerService(anyInt(), req.capture()));
-        assertEquals(request, capturedRequest);
+        assertEquals(request.getTtl(), capturedRequest.getTtl());
     }
 
     private void doTestRegisterService() throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt
index 53baee1..8a9286f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.android.metrics
 
+import android.net.ConnectivityThread
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
@@ -15,13 +16,20 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.NetworkScore
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST
 import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_EXITING
 import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.Process
+import android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID
 import android.stats.connectivity.MeteredState
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType.RT_APP
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType.RT_SYSTEM
+import android.stats.connectivity.RequestType.RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP
 import android.stats.connectivity.ValidatedState
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils
@@ -31,11 +39,13 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_UNMETERED
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import org.junit.Test
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
 private fun <T> Handler.onHandler(f: () -> T): T {
     val future = CompletableFuture<T>()
@@ -80,7 +90,7 @@
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class ConnectivitySampleMetricsTest : CSTest() {
     @Test
-    fun testSampleConnectivityState() {
+    fun testSampleConnectivityState_Network() {
         val wifi1Caps = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
@@ -179,4 +189,61 @@
                         "expected ${expectedWifi2Policies.toPolicyString()}, " +
                         "found ${foundWifi2.scorePolicies.toPolicyString()}")
     }
+
+    private fun fileNetworkRequest(requestType: RequestType, requestCount: Int, uid: Int? = null) {
+        if (uid != null) {
+            deps.setCallingUid(uid)
+        }
+        try {
+            repeat(requestCount) {
+                when (requestType) {
+                    RT_APP, RT_SYSTEM -> cm.requestNetwork(
+                            NetworkRequest.Builder().build(),
+                            TestableNetworkCallback()
+                    )
+
+                    RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP -> cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(
+                            Process.myUid(),
+                            TestableNetworkCallback(),
+                            Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()))
+
+                    else -> fail("invalid requestType: " + requestType)
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            deps.unmockCallingUid()
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSampleConnectivityState_NetworkRequest() {
+        val requestCount = 5
+        fileNetworkRequest(RT_APP, requestCount);
+        fileNetworkRequest(RT_SYSTEM, requestCount, SYSTEM_UID);
+        fileNetworkRequest(RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP, requestCount, SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        val stats = csHandler.onHandler { service.sampleConnectivityState() }
+
+        assertEquals(3, stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.size)
+        val appRequest = stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.find {
+            it.requestType == RT_APP
+        } ?: fail("Can't find RT_APP request")
+        val systemRequest = stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.find {
+            it.requestType == RT_SYSTEM
+        } ?: fail("Can't find RT_SYSTEM request")
+        val systemOnBehalfOfAppRequest = stats.networkRequestCount.requestCountForTypeList.find {
+            it.requestType == RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP
+        } ?: fail("Can't find RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP request")
+
+        // Verify request count is equal or larger than the number of request this test filed
+        // since ConnectivityService internally files network requests
+        assertTrue("Unexpected RT_APP count, expected >= $requestCount, " +
+                "found ${appRequest.requestCount}", appRequest.requestCount >= requestCount)
+        assertTrue("Unexpected RT_SYSTEM count, expected >= $requestCount, " +
+                "found ${systemRequest.requestCount}", systemRequest.requestCount >= requestCount)
+        assertTrue("Unexpected RT_SYSTEM_ON_BEHALF_OF_APP count, expected >= $requestCount, " +
+                "found ${systemOnBehalfOfAppRequest.requestCount}",
+                systemOnBehalfOfAppRequest.requestCount >= requestCount)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
index b8ebf0f..df48f6c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -286,7 +286,6 @@
 
         postSync { socketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1) }
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).destroyNow()
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket1) }
         verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO_NO_SUBTYPE2))
     }
 
@@ -364,10 +363,10 @@
         verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
         verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE2), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
 
-        // Interface advertisers call onDestroyed after sending exit announcements
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket1) }
+        // Interface advertisers call onAllServicesRemoved after sending exit announcements
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onAllServicesRemoved(mockSocket1) }
         verify(socketProvider, never()).unrequestSocket(any())
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor2.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket2) }
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor2.value.onAllServicesRemoved(mockSocket2) }
         verify(socketProvider).unrequestSocket(socketCb)
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
index 28608bb..69fec85 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
         // Exit announcements finish: the advertiser has no left service and destroys itself
         announceCb.onFinished(testExitInfo)
         thread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-        verify(cb).onDestroyed(socket)
+        verify(cb).onAllServicesRemoved(socket)
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
index 8d1dff6..c69b1e1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepositoryTest.kt
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
 import java.util.Collections
+import java.time.Duration
 import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@
         val repository = MdnsRecordRepository(thread.looper, deps, TEST_HOSTNAME, makeFlags())
         assertEquals(0, repository.servicesCount)
         assertEquals(-1,
-                repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, null /* ttl */))
+                repository.addService(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1, TEST_SERVICE_1, Duration.ofSeconds(50)))
         assertEquals(1, repository.servicesCount)
 
         val probingInfo = repository.setServiceProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@
         assertEquals(MdnsServiceRecord(expectedName,
                 0L /* receiptTimeMillis */,
                 false /* cacheFlush */,
-                SHORT_TTL /* ttlMillis */,
+                50_000L /* ttlMillis */,
                 0 /* servicePriority */, 0 /* serviceWeight */,
                 TEST_PORT, TEST_HOSTNAME), packet.authorityRecords[0])
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java
index 8740e80..4ce8ba6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceInfoTest.java
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@
                         "192.168.1.1",
                         "2001::1",
                         List.of("vn=Google Inc.", "mn=Google Nest Hub Max"),
-                        /* textEntries= */ null);
+                        /* textEntries= */ null,
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("vn").equals("Google Inc."));
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("mn").equals("Google Nest Hub Max"));
@@ -73,7 +74,8 @@
                         "2001::1",
                         /* textStrings= */ null,
                         List.of(MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("vn=Google Inc."),
-                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")));
+                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")),
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("vn").equals("Google Inc."));
         assertTrue(info.getAttributeByKey("mn").equals("Google Nest Hub Max"));
@@ -93,7 +95,8 @@
                         List.of("vn=Alphabet Inc.", "mn=Google Nest Hub Max", "id=12345"),
                         List.of(
                                 MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("vn=Google Inc."),
-                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")));
+                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max")),
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals(Map.of("vn", "Google Inc.", "mn", "Google Nest Hub Max"),
                 info.getAttributes());
@@ -113,7 +116,8 @@
                         List.of("vn=Alphabet Inc.", "mn=Google Nest Hub Max", "id=12345"),
                         List.of(MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("vn=Google Inc."),
                                 MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google Nest Hub Max"),
-                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google WiFi Router")));
+                                MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("mn=Google WiFi Router")),
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals(Map.of("vn", "Google Inc.", "mn", "Google Nest Hub Max"),
                 info.getAttributes());
@@ -131,7 +135,8 @@
                         "192.168.1.1",
                         "2001::1",
                         List.of("KEY=Value"),
-                        /* textEntries= */ null);
+                        /* textEntries= */ null,
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals("Value", info.getAttributeByKey("key"));
         assertEquals("Value", info.getAttributeByKey("KEY"));
@@ -150,7 +155,9 @@
                         12345,
                         "192.168.1.1",
                         "2001::1",
-                        List.of());
+                        List.of(),
+                        /* textEntries= */ null,
+                        INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
 
         assertEquals(info.getInterfaceIndex(), INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED);
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
index 8b7ab71..7ced1cb 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
@@ -26,14 +26,17 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.Manifest.permission;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.MulticastLock;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@
 import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@
 
     @Mock private Context mContext;
     @Mock private WifiManager mockWifiManager;
+    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mockConnectivityManager;
     @Mock private MdnsSocket mockMulticastSocket;
     @Mock private MdnsSocket mockUnicastSocket;
     @Mock private MulticastLock mockMulticastLock;
@@ -84,6 +89,9 @@
     public void setup() throws RuntimeException, IOException {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
+        doReturn(mockConnectivityManager).when(mContext).getSystemService(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+
         when(mockWifiManager.createMulticastLock(ArgumentMatchers.anyString()))
                 .thenReturn(mockMulticastLock);
 
@@ -320,19 +328,25 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testStartStop() throws IOException {
-        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
             mdnsClient.startDiscovery();
 
             Thread multicastReceiverThread = mdnsClient.multicastReceiveThread;
             Thread socketThread = mdnsClient.sendThread;
+            final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> cbCaptor =
+                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
 
             assertTrue(multicastReceiverThread.isAlive());
             assertTrue(socketThread.isAlive());
+            verify(mockConnectivityManager, times(i))
+                    .registerNetworkCallback(any(), cbCaptor.capture());
 
             mdnsClient.stopDiscovery();
 
             assertFalse(multicastReceiverThread.isAlive());
             assertFalse(socketThread.isAlive());
+            verify(mockConnectivityManager, times(i))
+                    .unregisterNetworkCallback(cbCaptor.getValue());
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
index c1730a4..83fff87 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentTests.kt
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.net.RouteInfo
+import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.os.Build
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
@@ -47,12 +48,15 @@
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
 import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
 import org.mockito.Mockito.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
 import org.mockito.Mockito.never
 import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions
 
 private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
 private const val MEDIUM_TIMEOUT_MS = 1_000L
@@ -88,10 +92,10 @@
 class CSLocalAgentTests : CSTest() {
     val multicastRoutingConfigMinScope =
                 MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE, 4)
-                .build();
+                .build()
     val multicastRoutingConfigSelected =
                 MulticastRoutingConfig.Builder(MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED)
-                .build();
+                .build()
     val upstreamSelectorAny = NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                 .build()
@@ -205,6 +209,9 @@
                 nc = nc(TRANSPORT_THREAD, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK),
                 lp = lp(name),
                 lnc = localNetworkConfig,
+                score = FromS(NetworkScore.Builder()
+                        .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .build())
         )
         return localAgent
     }
@@ -219,9 +226,12 @@
                 nc = nc(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET))
     }
 
-    private fun sendLocalNetworkConfig(localAgent: CSAgentWrapper,
-                upstreamSelector: NetworkRequest?, upstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig,
-                downstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig) {
+    private fun sendLocalNetworkConfig(
+            localAgent: CSAgentWrapper,
+            upstreamSelector: NetworkRequest?,
+            upstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig,
+            downstreamConfig: MulticastRoutingConfig
+    ) {
         val newLnc = LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
                 .setUpstreamSelector(upstreamSelector)
                 .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(upstreamConfig)
@@ -458,7 +468,6 @@
         wifiAgent.disconnect()
     }
 
-
     @Test
     fun testUnregisterUpstreamAfterReplacement_SameIfaceName() {
         doTestUnregisterUpstreamAfterReplacement(true)
@@ -824,4 +833,59 @@
 
         listenCb.expect<Lost>()
     }
+
+    fun doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+            request: NetworkRequest,
+            enableMatchLocalNetwork: Boolean,
+            expectCallback: Boolean
+    ) {
+        deps.setBuildSdk(VERSION_V)
+        deps.setChangeIdEnabled(enableMatchLocalNetwork, ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+
+        val requestCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val listenCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(request, requestCb)
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, listenCb)
+
+        val localAgent = createLocalAgent("local0", FromS(LocalNetworkConfig.Builder().build()))
+        localAgent.connect()
+
+        if (expectCallback) {
+            requestCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+            listenCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(localAgent.network, validated = false)
+        } else {
+            waitForIdle()
+            requestCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0)
+            listenCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0)
+        }
+        localAgent.disconnect()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLocalNetworkRequest() {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().build()
+        // If ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK is false, request is not satisfied by local network
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = false,
+                expectCallback = false)
+        // If ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK is true, request is satisfied by local network
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = true,
+                expectCallback = true)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLocalNetworkRequest_withCapability() {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK).build()
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = false,
+                expectCallback = true)
+        doTestLocalNetworkRequest(
+                request,
+                enableMatchLocalNetwork = true,
+                expectCallback = true)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
index d7343b1..7007b16 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkAgent
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
 import android.net.NetworkProvider
@@ -39,6 +40,9 @@
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.fail
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
@@ -46,9 +50,6 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing
 import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
 import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.fail
 
 const val SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
 
@@ -140,6 +141,9 @@
         val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().apply {
             clearCapabilities()
             if (nc.transportTypes.isNotEmpty()) addTransportType(nc.transportTypes[0])
+            if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)) {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+            }
         }.build()
         val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
         mgr.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb)
@@ -166,6 +170,9 @@
         val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().apply {
             clearCapabilities()
             if (nc.transportTypes.isNotEmpty()) addTransportType(nc.transportTypes[0])
+            if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)) {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+            }
         }.build()
         val cb = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS)
         mgr.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
index 3b83c41..1966cb1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server
 
 import android.app.AlarmManager
+import android.app.AppOpsManager
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkProvider
 import android.net.NetworkScore
 import android.net.PacProxyManager
+import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK
 import android.net.networkstack.NetworkStackClientBase
 import android.os.BatteryStatsManager
 import android.os.Bundle
@@ -53,7 +55,6 @@
 import android.permission.PermissionManager.PermissionResult
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
 import android.testing.TestableContext
-import android.util.ArraySet
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext
@@ -75,8 +76,8 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
-import java.util.function.Consumer
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer
+import java.util.function.Consumer
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertNull
 import kotlin.test.fail
@@ -103,6 +104,8 @@
 internal const val VERSION_V = 5
 internal const val VERSION_MAX = VERSION_V
 
+internal const val CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED = Process.INVALID_UID
+
 private fun NetworkCapabilities.getLegacyType() =
         when (transportTypes.getOrElse(0) { TRANSPORT_WIFI }) {
             TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH -> ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH
@@ -176,6 +179,7 @@
     val systemConfigManager = makeMockSystemConfigManager()
     val batteryStats = mock<IBatteryStats>()
     val batteryManager = BatteryStatsManager(batteryStats)
+    val appOpsManager = mock<AppOpsManager>()
     val telephonyManager = mock<TelephonyManager>().also {
         doReturn(true).`when`(it).isDataCapable()
     }
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@
                 enabledFeatures[name] ?: fail("Unmocked feature $name, see CSTest.enabledFeatures")
 
         // Mocked change IDs
-        private val enabledChangeIds = ArraySet<Long>()
+        private val enabledChangeIds = arrayListOf(ENABLE_MATCH_LOCAL_NETWORK)
         fun setChangeIdEnabled(enabled: Boolean, changeId: Long) {
             // enabledChangeIds is read on the handler thread and maybe the test thread, so
             // make sure both threads see it before continuing.
@@ -298,6 +302,19 @@
         override fun isAtLeastT() = if (isSdkUnmocked) super.isAtLeastT() else sdkLevel >= VERSION_T
         override fun isAtLeastU() = if (isSdkUnmocked) super.isAtLeastU() else sdkLevel >= VERSION_U
         override fun isAtLeastV() = if (isSdkUnmocked) super.isAtLeastV() else sdkLevel >= VERSION_V
+
+        private var callingUid = CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED
+
+        fun unmockCallingUid() {
+            setCallingUid(CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED)
+        }
+
+        fun setCallingUid(callingUid: Int) {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(csHandler) { this.callingUid = callingUid }
+        }
+
+        override fun getCallingUid() =
+                if (callingUid == CALLING_UID_UNMOCKED) super.getCallingUid() else callingUid
     }
 
     inner class CSContext(base: Context) : BroadcastInterceptingContext(base) {
@@ -398,6 +415,7 @@
             Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE -> telephonyManager
             Context.BATTERY_STATS_SERVICE -> batteryManager
             Context.STATS_MANAGER -> null // Stats manager is final and can't be mocked
+            Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE -> appOpsManager
             else -> super.getSystemService(serviceName)
         }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
index e62ac74..0bbc34c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
@@ -127,13 +126,7 @@
 
         mObserverHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkStatsObserversTest");
         mObserverHandlerThread.start();
-        final Looper observerLooper = mObserverHandlerThread.getLooper();
-        mStatsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers() {
-            @Override
-            protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
-                return observerLooper;
-            }
-        };
+        mStatsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers(mObserverHandlerThread.getLooper());
 
         mActiveIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
         mActiveUidIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 3ed51bc..3d7ad66 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.SimpleClock;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -293,7 +292,6 @@
     private String mCompareStatsResult = null;
     private @Mock Resources mResources;
     private Boolean mIsDebuggable;
-    private HandlerThread mObserverHandlerThread;
     final TestDependencies mDeps = new TestDependencies();
 
     private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
@@ -377,21 +375,8 @@
                 powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
 
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkStatsServiceTest-HandlerThread");
-        // Create a separate thread for observers to run on. This thread cannot be the same
-        // as the handler thread, because the observer callback is fired on this thread, and
-        // it should not be blocked by client code. Additionally, creating the observers
-        // object requires a looper, which can only be obtained after a thread has been started.
-        mObserverHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("NetworkStatsServiceTest-ObserversThread");
-        mObserverHandlerThread.start();
-        final Looper observerLooper = mObserverHandlerThread.getLooper();
-        final NetworkStatsObservers statsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers() {
-            @Override
-            protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
-                return observerLooper;
-            }
-        };
         mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetd, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
-                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, statsObservers, mDeps);
+                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, mDeps);
 
         mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
 
@@ -589,10 +574,6 @@
             mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
             mHandlerThread.join();
         }
-        if (mObserverHandlerThread != null) {
-            mObserverHandlerThread.quitSafely();
-            mObserverHandlerThread.join();
-        }
     }
 
     private void initWifiStats(NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot) throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest.kt
index 27e6f96..99f762d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest.kt
@@ -16,30 +16,35 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net
 
-import android.net.NetworkStats
+import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import java.time.Clock
+import java.util.function.Supplier
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.fail
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
 import org.mockito.Mockito.`when`
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 class TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheTest {
     companion object {
         private const val expiryDurationMs = 1000L
+        private const val maxSize = 2
     }
 
     private val clock = mock(Clock::class.java)
-    private val entry = mock(NetworkStats.Entry::class.java)
-    private val cache = TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(clock, expiryDurationMs)
+    private val entry = mock(Entry::class.java)
+    private val cache = TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(clock, expiryDurationMs, maxSize)
 
     @Test
     fun testGet_returnsEntryIfNotExpired() {
         cache.put("iface", 2, entry)
-        `when`(clock.millis()).thenReturn(500L) // Set clock to before expiry
+        doReturn(500L).`when`(clock).millis() // Set clock to before expiry
         val result = cache.get("iface", 2)
         assertEquals(entry, result)
     }
@@ -47,7 +52,7 @@
     @Test
     fun testGet_returnsNullIfExpired() {
         cache.put("iface", 2, entry)
-        `when`(clock.millis()).thenReturn(2000L) // Set clock to after expiry
+        doReturn(2000L).`when`(clock).millis() // Set clock to after expiry
         assertNull(cache.get("iface", 2))
     }
 
@@ -59,8 +64,8 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testPutAndGet_retrievesCorrectEntryForDifferentKeys() {
-        val entry1 = mock(NetworkStats.Entry::class.java)
-        val entry2 = mock(NetworkStats.Entry::class.java)
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry2 = mock(Entry::class.java)
 
         cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
         cache.put("iface2", 4, entry2)
@@ -71,8 +76,8 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testPut_overridesExistingEntry() {
-        val entry1 = mock(NetworkStats.Entry::class.java)
-        val entry2 = mock(NetworkStats.Entry::class.java)
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry2 = mock(Entry::class.java)
 
         cache.put("iface", 2, entry1)
         cache.put("iface", 2, entry2) // Put with the same key
@@ -81,6 +86,62 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testPut_removeLru() {
+        // Assumes max size is 2. Verify eldest entry get removed.
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry2 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+        val entry3 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
+        cache.put("iface2", 4, entry2)
+        cache.put("iface3", 8, entry3)
+
+        assertNull(cache.get("iface1", 2))
+        assertEquals(entry2, cache.get("iface2", 4))
+        assertEquals(entry3, cache.get("iface3", 8))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetOrCompute_cacheHit() {
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
+
+        // Set clock to before expiry.
+        doReturn(500L).`when`(clock).millis()
+
+        // Now call getOrCompute
+        val result = cache.getOrCompute("iface1", 2) {
+            fail("Supplier should not be called")
+        }
+
+        // Assertions
+        assertEquals(entry1, result) // Should get the cached entry.
+    }
+
+    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+    @Test
+    fun testGetOrCompute_cacheMiss() {
+        val entry1 = mock(Entry::class.java)
+
+        cache.put("iface1", 2, entry1)
+
+        // Set clock to after expiry.
+        doReturn(1500L).`when`(clock).millis()
+
+        // Mock the supplier to return our network stats entry.
+        val supplier = mock(Supplier::class.java) as Supplier<Entry>
+        doReturn(entry1).`when`(supplier).get()
+
+        // Now call getOrCompute.
+        val result = cache.getOrCompute("iface1", 2, supplier)
+
+        // Assertions.
+        assertEquals(entry1, result) // Should get the cached entry.
+        verify(supplier).get()
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testClear() {
         cache.put("iface", 2, entry)
         cache.clear()
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index 0623b87..1b36d2b 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -489,7 +489,14 @@
         @Override
         public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {
             checkOnHandlerThread();
-            Log.i(TAG, "Thread network available: " + network);
+            Log.i(TAG, "Thread network is available: " + network);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Thread network is lost: " + network);
+            disableBorderRouting();
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -504,7 +511,7 @@
                             + localNetworkInfo
                             + "}");
             if (localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork() == null) {
-                mUpstreamNetwork = null;
+                disableBorderRouting();
                 return;
             }
             if (!localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork().equals(mUpstreamNetwork)) {
@@ -523,6 +530,7 @@
                         // requirement.
                         .clearCapabilities()
                         .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
                         .build(),
                 new ThreadNetworkCallback(),
                 mHandler);
@@ -936,23 +944,22 @@
             mBorderRouterConfig.isBorderRoutingEnabled = true;
 
             mOtDaemon.configureBorderRouter(
-                    mBorderRouterConfig,
-                    new IOtStatusReceiver.Stub() {
-                        @Override
-                        public void onSuccess() {
-                            Log.i(TAG, "configure border router successfully");
-                        }
+                    mBorderRouterConfig, new ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver());
+        } catch (RemoteException | IOException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to enable border routing", e);
+        }
+    }
 
-                        @Override
-                        public void onError(int i, String s) {
-                            Log.w(
-                                    TAG,
-                                    String.format(
-                                            "failed to configure border router: %d %s", i, s));
-                        }
-                    });
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "enableBorderRouting failed: " + e);
+    private void disableBorderRouting() {
+        mUpstreamNetwork = null;
+        mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceName = null;
+        mBorderRouterConfig.infraInterfaceIcmp6Socket = null;
+        mBorderRouterConfig.isBorderRoutingEnabled = false;
+        try {
+            mOtDaemon.configureBorderRouter(
+                    mBorderRouterConfig, new ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to disable border routing", e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1073,6 +1080,20 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static final class ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver extends IOtStatusReceiver.Stub {
+        public ConfigureBorderRouterStatusReceiver() {}
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess() {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Configured border router successfully");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int i, String s) {
+            Log.w(TAG, String.format("Failed to configure border router: %d %s", i, s));
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Handles and forwards Thread daemon callbacks. This class must be accessed from the thread of
      * {@code mHandler}.
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
index d84cd20..88ee47e 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isExpectedIcmpv6Packet;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isFromIpv6Source;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isInMulticastGroup;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isMulticastRoutingSupported;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isSimulatedThreadRadioSupported;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isToIpv6Destination;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.newPacketReader;
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE;
-import static com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils.isKernelVersionAtLeast;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@
     private InfraNetworkDevice mInfraDevice;
 
     private static final int NUM_FTD = 2;
-    private static final String KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED = "5.15.0";
     private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5 =
             (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff05::1234");
     private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_4 =
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void unicastRouting_infraDevicePingTheadDeviceOmr_replyReceived() throws Exception {
+    public void unicastRouting_infraDevicePingThreadDeviceOmr_replyReceived() throws Exception {
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -200,6 +199,30 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_afterFactoryResetInfraDevicePingThreadDeviceOmr_replyReceived()
+            throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        // Form the network.
+        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
+        startBrLeader();
+        startInfraDevice();
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        startFtdChild(ftd);
+
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(ftd.getOmrAddress());
+
+        assertNotNull(pollForPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void unicastRouting_borderRouterSendsUdpToThreadDevice_datagramReceived()
             throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(isSimulatedThreadRadioSupported());
@@ -239,7 +262,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedMulticastAddress_infraLinkJoinsMulticastGroup()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -261,7 +284,7 @@
     public void
             multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedScope3MulticastAddress_infraLinkNotJoinMulticastGroup()
                     throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -282,7 +305,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedMulticastAddress_canPingfromInfraLink()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -304,7 +327,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_inboundForwarding_afterBrRejoinFtdRepliesSubscribedAddress()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
 
         // TODO (b/327311034): Testing bbr state switch from primary mode to secondary mode and back
         // to primary mode requires an additional BR in the Thread network. This is not currently
@@ -314,7 +337,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedScope3MulticastAddress_cannotPingfromInfraLink()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -336,7 +359,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_ftdNotSubscribedMulticastAddress_cannotPingFromInfraDevice()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -357,7 +380,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_multipleFtdsSubscribedDifferentAddresses_canPingFromInfraDevice()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -393,7 +416,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_multipleFtdsSubscribedSameAddress_canPingFromInfraDevice()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -427,7 +450,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_scopeLargerThan3IsForwarded() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -453,7 +476,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_scopeSmallerThan4IsNotForwarded()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -475,7 +498,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_llaToScope4IsNotForwarded() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -498,7 +521,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_outboundForwarding_mlaToScope4IsNotForwarded() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -525,7 +548,7 @@
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_infraNetworkSwitch_ftdRepliesToSubscribedAddress()
             throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
@@ -553,7 +576,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void multicastRouting_infraNetworkSwitch_outboundPacketIsForwarded() throws Exception {
-        assumeTrue(isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED));
+        assumeTrue(isMulticastRoutingSupported());
         /*
          * <pre>
          * Topology:
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
index 5f1f76a..3493d9f 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
 import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
-import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
 import android.net.thread.utils.TapTestNetworkTracker;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
index 6e70d24..bb2d973 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_PIO;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
+import static com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils.isKernelVersionAtLeast;
 
 import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors.directExecutor;
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 /** Static utility methods relating to Thread integration tests. */
 public final class IntegrationTestUtils {
@@ -75,6 +79,9 @@
     public static final Duration CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
     public static final Duration SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(20);
 
+    private static final String KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED = "5.15.0";
+    private static final int KERNEL_ANDROID_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED = 14;
+
     private IntegrationTestUtils() {}
 
     /** Returns whether the device supports simulated Thread radio. */
@@ -83,6 +90,24 @@
         return SystemProperties.get("ro.product.model").startsWith("Cuttlefish");
     }
 
+    public static boolean isMulticastRoutingSupported() {
+        return isKernelVersionAtLeast(KERNEL_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED)
+                && isKernelAndroidVersionAtLeast(
+                        KERNEL_ANDROID_VERSION_MULTICAST_ROUTING_SUPPORTED);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isKernelAndroidVersionAtLeast(int n) {
+        final String osRelease = VintfRuntimeInfo.getOsRelease();
+        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("android(\\d+)");
+        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(osRelease);
+
+        if (matcher.find()) {
+            int version = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1));
+            return (version >= n);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Waits for the given {@link Supplier} to be true until given timeout.
      *
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
index 49b002a..9406a2f 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
 import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadPersistentSettings.THREAD_ENABLED;
+
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
@@ -30,13 +32,13 @@
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.util.AtomicFile;
+
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -44,6 +46,10 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+
 /** Unit tests for {@link ThreadPersistentSettings}. */
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest